qarTuli ena 9

py
moswavlis wigni
Co
n't
Do
Do
n't
Co
py
pirobiTi niSnebi

? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi

. gan­xil­vam­de

py
sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

q Se­ja­me­ba
Co
praq­ti­ku­li sa­var­ji­Soe­bi

Se­ma­ja­me­be­li da­va­le­be­bi
n't

 gramatikul codnas vamowmebT teqstebze

, ena da teqsti
Do

 rogor vweroT ukeTesad

 Cveni prezentaciebi
Do
n't
Co
py
 Sinaarsi

1. enaTmecniereba da gramatika. enaTmecnierebis dargebi 6

2. sintaqsis sagani. winadadeba.
winadadeba Sinaarsis mixedviT 11
3. uar­yo­fa qar­Tul­Si 20
4. wi­na­da­de­bis wev­re­bi 25
5. sintaqsuri damokidebulebis saxeebi 28

py
6. Semasmeneli 32
7. qvem­de­ba­re 36
8. pirdapiri da iribi damatebebi 39
9. pirdapiri da iribi naTqvami 42

11. ubralo damateba

12. gansazRvreba
Co
10. winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi 45
48
51
13. garemoeba 54
14. winadadeba wevrTa Sedgenilobis mixedviT _
1. Serwymuli winadadeba 58
n't
15. Serwymuli winadadeba _ marTlweris sakiTxebi 62
16. winadadeba wevrTa Sedgenilobis mixedviT -2 64
17. gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi 67
18. rTuli winadadeba. rTuli winadadebis saxeebi 73
19. rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba 76
Do

20. rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba 79

21. rTuli winadadebis gadakeTeba martivad 83
22. zerTuli winadadeba 86
23. sintaqsuri Secdomebi da redaqtireba 88
24. mZimis dasmis ZiriTadi principebi qarTulSi 94
testebi 105
danarTi 115
I. teqstis tipebi 116
II. enobrivi saSualebebi 135
 enaTmecniereba da gramatika
1 enaTmecnierebis dargebi

? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi
er­Tad ga­vix­se­noT:
1. im­sje­leT, ro­gor ges­miT sit­yva „e­naT­mec­nie­re­ba“?
2. ras Seis­wav­lis enaT­mec­nie­re­ba?
3. Tqve­ni dak­vir­ve­biT, ra dar­geb­sa da qve­dar­gebs SeiZ­le­ba moi­cav­des enis
Sem­swav­le­li mec­nie­re­ba?
4. ro­gor fiq­robT, teq­no­lo­gie­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bam Sec­va­la enis Ses­wav­la? ro­
gor?
5. ras fiq­robT, sad da ra mi­mar­Tu­le­biT ga­moi­ye­ne­ba ena Ta­na­med­ro­ve teq­no­

py
lo­gieb­Si?

. gan­xil­vam­de
1. daak­vir­diT qve­moT mo­ce­mul sqe­mas: is Tqven­Tvis nac­no­bi un­da iyos, rad­
gan gan­vi­xi­leT ma­Sin, ro­ca gra­ma­ti­kis dar­geb­ze vsaub­rob­diT. im­sje­leT
Co
am sqe­mis Se­sa­xeb.
2. ras Seis­wav­lis enaT­mec­nie­re­ba?
3. ro­gor aris mi­Re­bu­li mec­nie­re­bis am dar­gis sa­xel­wo­de­be­bi: qa­ru­li enaT­
mec­niereba da saer­Ta­So­ri­so da­sa­xe­le­ba _ lingvistika.
4. ras Seis­wav­lis gra­ma­ti­kis dar­ge­bi?
5. Tqven uk­ve Seis­wav­leT mor­fo­lo­gia. ro­gor daa­xa­sia­Teb­diT am dargs mok­
led? im­sje­leT qar­Tu­li enis mor­fo­lo­giu­ri Ta­vi­se­bu­re­be­bis Se­sa­xeb.
n't
6. sqe­mi­sa da gan­mar­te­bis mi­xed­viT im­sje­leT, ras Seis­wav­lis sin­taq­si?
7. ra sa­kiT­xeb­sa da prob­le­mebs xe­davT sin­taq­sis sfe­ro­Si? da­fiq­rdiT, ra
mo­lo­di­ne­bi gaqvT gra­ma­ti­kis am dar­gis Ses­wav­lis win?

enaTmecniereba anu lingvistika

Do

leqsikologia fonetika gramatika stilistika

Seiswavlis Seiswavlis swavlobs enis Seiswavlis
enaSi arsebul bgerebs, maTi agebulebas, sityvaTa
sityvebs. warmoTqmis sityvaTa gamoyenebis
pirobebs da formebs da xerxebs.
cvlilebebis funqcias.
wesebs.

morfologia sintaqsi
Seiswavlis sityvaTa Seiswavlis sityvaTa
formebs, mawarmoebel dakavSirebis wesebs da
elementebs da maT SesityvebebSi sityvaTa
funqciebs.
mniSvnelobebs.

6
 sakiTxis analizi

ka­cob­rio­bis bu­neb­ri­vi ene­bis Sem­swav­lel mec­nie­re­bas enaTmecniereba, anu

lingvistika ewo­de­ba. enaT­mec­nie­re­bis Ses­wav­lis sa­ga­nia bu­neb­ri­vi ene­bis age­
bu­le­ba da ma­Ti fun­qcio­ni­re­bis (ar­se­bo­ba-­ga­mo­ye­ne­bis) zogadi kanonebis dadgena.
enaT­mec­nie­re­ba uZ­ve­le­si dar­gia. Ca­mo­ya­lib­da jer ki­dev Cvens wel­TaR­ric­
xvam­de Zvel in­doeT­sa da Zvel sa­ber­ZneT­Si: Zvel in­doeT­Si Zve­li wel­TaR­ric­xvis
IV sau­ku­ne­Si Seiq­mna san­skri­tis gra­ma­ti­ka, rom­lis av­to­ri iyo pa­ni­ni. sa­ber­ZneT­Si
gra­ma­ti­kis sa­fuZ­vle­bi Seiq­mna dio­ni­se Tra­kie­lis mier Zve­li wel­TaR­ric­xvis II­-I
sau­ku­neeb­Si, mag­ram ene­bis siR­rmi­seu­li kvla­va XIX sau­ku­ni­dan iw­ye­ba.
XX sau­ku­ne kom­piu­te­ru­li epo­qaa. ra Tqma un­da, es enis Sem­swav­lel mec­nie­re­
ba­Sic ai­sa­xa.

py
Sejameba

ena ka­cob­rio­bis yve­la­ze di­di mo­na­po­va­ri da mi­si gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sau­ke­Te­so

q
ma­xa­sia­Te­be­lia. enaT­mec­nie­re­ba, anu lin­gvis­ti­ka, enis Sem­swav­le­li mec­nie­re­baa.
mos­wav­leeb­Si xSi­rad Cnde­ba gan­cda, rom enas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li sa­kiT­xe­bi
Co
mxo­lod gra­ma­ti­kis sfe­ros moi­cavs, gra­ma­ti­ka ki we­se­bi­sa da de­bu­le­be­bis er­
Tob­lio­baa. si­nam­dvi­le­Si lin­gvis­ti­ka Za­lian far­To mec­nie­re­baa. ka­cob­rio­bis
gan­vi­Ta­re­bis dRe­van­de­li do­ne, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT ki is miR­we­ve­bi, rac kom­piu­te­
rul­ma teq­no­lo­gieb­ma ag­rZno­bi­na Ti­Toeul ada­mians, bev­ra­daa da­mo­ki­de­bu­li
ene­bis Ses­wav­la­sa da maT da­mu­Sa­ve­ba­ze. aba, er­Ti wu­TiT war­mo­vid­gi­noT, sa­Zie­bo
prog­ra­me­biT rom ar Seg­veZ­los in­for­ma­ciis mo­po­ve­ba, ma­Sin Ta­vad in­for­ma­ciis
dag­ro­ve­ba da­kar­gav­da azrs. sit­yvis Ca­we­ra sa­Zie­bo vel­Si ad­vi­li pro­ce­sia, mag­
ram mis ukan uzar­ma­za­ri sa­mu­Saoa, ro­me­lic enis siR­rmi­seul kvle­vebs dae­fuZ­na.
n't
Tqven Ta­vad im­sje­leT, kom­piu­te­ri­sa da in­ter­ne­tis ki­dev ra Se­saZ­leb­lo­
beb­Si mo­na­wi­leobs ena da enis mo­na­ce­me­bi?
Do

7
 imi­saT­vis, rom lin­gvis­tu­ri kvle­ve­bis far­To sfe­ro da mi­si mniS­vne­lo­ba kar­
gad war­mo­vid­gi­noT, qve­moT mo­ce­mu­li da­va­le­ba Se­vas­ru­loT. es da­va­le­ba imis
Sec­no­ba­Si dag­vex­ma­re­ba, rom ena da enis Ses­wav­la ada­mia­nis az­rov­ne­bis um­niS­vne­
lo­va­ne­si mi­mar­Tu­le­baa. vin icis, iq­neb Tqven­Sic aR­moC­ndnen ise­Te­bi, Ta­vianT
mo­ma­val cxov­re­bas enis kvle­vas rom dau­kav­Si­re­ben. win ki mar­Tlac di­di ar­Ce­va­ni
dag­xvde­baT.
ase rom, vna­xoT, ra mo­cu­lo­bi­saa enis kvle­ve­bi _ enaT­mec­nie­re­ba, anu lin­
gvis­ti­ka.

praqtikuli savarjiSoebi

davaleba 1:
qve­moT mo­ce­mu­li cxri­lis ze­da na­wil­Si war­mod­ge­ni­lia enaT­mec­nie­re­bis dar­

py
ge­bi da qve­dar­ge­bi, qve­da na­wil­Si ki _ ma­Ti gan­mar­te­be­bi, anu ras Seis­wav­lis
dar­gi. kar­gad dauk­vir­diT ro­gorc dar­gis da­sa­xe­le­bas, ise mis gan­mar­te­bas,
dau­kav­Si­reT isi­ni er­Tma­neTs da ga­dai­we­reT rveul­Si. Tu ro­me­li­me da­sa­xe­le­ba
Tqven­Tvis gau­ge­ba­ri iq­ne­ba, moi­ZieT in­ter­net­Si.
davaleba 2: Co
daaj­gu­feT lin­gvis­ti­kis dar­ge­bi Sem­de­gi prin­ci­pe­biT:
enis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis Sem­swav­le­li dar­ge­bi;
leq­si­kis (sit­yve­bis) Sem­swav­le­li da leq­si­ko­ne­bis Sed­ge­nas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­
bu­li dar­ge­bi;
Ta­na­med­ro­ve teq­no­lo­gieb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li dar­ge­bi;
mec­nie­re­bis sxva dar­geb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li mi­mar­Tu­le­be­bi;
ena­Ta jgu­fe­bi­sa da ena­Ta Se­da­re­bis Sem­swav­le­li dar­ge­bi.
n't

1. istoriul-SedarebiTi 15. neirolingvistika

enaTmecniereba 16. fsiqolingvistika
2. dialeqtologia 17. gamoyenebiTi lingvistika
3. kontrastuli lingvistika 18. enis dokumentireba
Do

4. fonetika da fonologia 19. kompiuteruli lingvistika

5. sociolingvistika 20. korpusuli lingvistika
6. semantika (korpuslingvistika)
7. pragmatika 21. semiotika
8. leqsikologia 22. eTnolingvistika
9. leqsikografia 23. onomastika
10. stilistika 24. toponimika
11. ekolingvistika 25. etimologia
12. frazeologia 26. enaTa tipologia
13. dargobrivi enebis lingvistika 27. lingvisturi geografia
14. enobrivi politika 28. Targmanis lingvistika

8
Seis­wav­lis ara­mo­na­Te­sa­ve ena­Ta gan­sxva­ve­beb­sa da msgav­se­bebs.
Seis­wav­lis ada­mia­nis sa­met­yve­lo bge­rebs, ase­ve ena­Si ar­se­bu­li bge­re­bis
mniS­vne­lo­bis gan­mas­xva­ve­bel fun­qcias;
Seis­wav­lis yve­la im gav­le­nas, rac xde­ba sa­met­yve­lo enis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba­ze.
Seis­wav­lis saf­rTxe­Si myof enebs, enis ar­se­bo­bis pi­ro­bebs, ada­mian­Ta
sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­Si enis fun­qcio­ni­re­bi­saT­vis ar­se­bul da Se­saZ­lo saf­
rTxeebs, ad­gens ene­bis ga­dar­Ce­nis gzebs.
Seis­wav­lis ada­mia­nis tvins, im nei­ro­nul me­qa­niz­mebs, rom­le­bis pa­su­xis­
mge­be­lia enis aR­qma­ze, mi­si Ses­wav­lis unar­sa da met­yve­le­ba­ze.
Seis­wav­lis enis, az­rov­ne­bi­sa da cno­bie­re­bis ur­Tier­Tkav­Sirs. Seis­wav­
lis eni­sa da met­yve­le­bis sa­kiT­xebs, ena eris kul­tu­ris sa­xea, sam­ya­ros

py
aR­qma da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia ena­ze, rom­li­Tac az­rov­ne­ba xor­ciel­de­ba.
ro­me­lic Seis­wav­lis sit­yve­bis, fra­ze­bis, wi­na­da­de­be­bi­sa da teq­stis
mniS­vne­lo­bas, anu for­mi­sa da mniS­vne­lo­bis ur­Tier­Tmi­mar­Te­bis sa­kiT­xebs.
Seis­wav­lis kon­teqsts, ga­mo­naT­qva­mis mi­mar­Te­bas im saer­To fo­nur cod­
nas­Tan, rac mo­saub­re­sa da msme­nels aqvT, anu kon­teq­sti­sa da met­yve­le­
Co
bis ur­Tier­Tgav­le­nas.
Seis­wav­lis enis leq­si­kur fon­da, mis Se­mad­gen­lo­bas, fun­qcio­ni­re­bas
da cva­le­ba­do­bas.
Seis­wav­lis mo­na­Te­sa­ve ena­Ta gan­vi­Ta­re­bis gzebs Se­da­re­bi­Ti me­To­dis
meS­veo­biT.
Seis­wav­lis dia­leq­tebs.
n't
amu­Sa­vebs leq­si­ko­ne­bis Sed­ge­nis Teo­riul sa­kiT­xebs.
swav­lobs enis ga­mom­xat­ve­lo­biT sa­Sua­le­bebs, mwer­lis eni­sa da mxat­
vru­li na­war­moe­be­bis enis Ta­vi­se­bu­re­bebs.
Seis­wav­lis teq­stis ana­liz­sa da Se­fa­se­bas, kvle­vis mi­za­nia enis sta­tis­
ti­ku­ri da kom­piu­te­ru­li da­mu­Sa­ve­ba.
Do

dar­gis mi­za­nia saf­rTxe­Si myo­fi enis ga­dar­Ce­nis xel­Sew­yo­ba, ma­sa­le­bis

Sek­re­ba da ma­Ti do­ku­men­ti­re­ba, ase­ve sxva­das­xva ti­pis kvle­vi­saT­vis
mom­za­de­ba.
gar­da­ma­va­li dar­gi lin­gvis­ti­ka­sa da kom­piu­te­rul mec­nie­re­bebs So­ris,
dar­gi iye­nebs kom­piu­te­rul Se­saZ­leb­lo­bebs bu­neb­ri­vi enis da­mu­Sa­ve­
bis­Tvis.
meo­ce sau­ku­nis bo­los Seq­mni­li dar­gi, rom­lis mi­za­nia Teo­riu­li sa­
fuZ­vle­bis da­mu­Sa­ve­ba enis kor­pu­sis Seq­mni­saT­vis, xo­lo enis kor­pu­sis
da­niS­nu­le­baa mom­xma­re­bel­Ta far­To wri­saT­vis lin­gvis­tu­ri kvle­ve­bis
Se­saZ­leb­lo­bis mi­ce­ma. kor­pu­si aris enis srul­fa­so­va­ni ar­se­bo­bi­sa da
Ses­wav­lis Ta­na­med­ro­ve sa­Sua­le­ba (qar­Tu­li enis erov­nu­li kor­pu­si
(http://gnc.gov.ge/gnc/page) da qar­Tu­li enis dia­leq­te­bis kor­pu­si (http://
www.corpora.co/#/).

9
 dar­gi, ro­me­lic ik­vlevs ni­San­Ta sis­te­me­bis fun­qcio­ni­re­bis zo­gad ka­
non­zo­mie­re­bas. mi­si Ses­wav­lis obieq­tia yve­la­nai­ri ti­pis ni­Sa­ni (daw­ye­
bu­li sig­na­li­za­ciis umar­ti­ve­si sis­te­me­bi­dan bu­neb­ri­vi ene­bi­sa da mec­
nie­ru­lad for­ma­li­ze­bu­li ene­bis CaT­vliT).
is­to­riu­li enaT­mec­nie­re­bis dar­gi ena­Si sit­yve­bis war­mo­So­bi­sa da is­
to­riis Se­sa­xeb
dar­gis mi­za­nia ena­Ta kla­si­fi­ka­cia da ma­Ti Ses­wav­la saer­To ni­San­-Tvi­
se­be­bis mi­xed­viT.
Seis­wav­lis ofi­cia­lu­ri eni­sa da re­gio­nu­li ene­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­bis po­li­ti­
kur sa­kiT­xebs, enis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis stra­te­gieb­sa da enob­riv da­geg­ma­re­bas.
Seis­wav­lis enis ur­Tier­To­bas kul­tu­ras­Tan. swav­lobs ra for­miT, ra

py
sa­Sua­le­be­biT ai­sa­xe­ba ena­Si am enis ma­ta­re­be­li sa­zo­ga­doe­bis _ eT­no­sis
_ Se­xe­du­le­be­bi ga­re­sam­ya­ro­sa da mis ad­gil­ze am sam­ya­ro­Si. am­de­nad,
eT­no­lin­gvis­ti­ka swav­lobs enas, ro­gorc eris kul­tu­ris Se­nar­Cu­ne­bi­sa
da Tao­bi­dan Tao­ba­ze mi­si ga­da­ce­mis sa­Sua­le­bas. eT­no­lin­gvis­ti­ka cno­
bi­lia an­Tro­po­lo­giu­ri lin­gvis­ti­kis an lin­gvis­tu­ri an­Tro­po­lo­giis
sa­xe­li­Tac.
Co
mi­mar­Tu­le­ba, ro­me­lic Seis­wav­lis sa­ku­Tar sa­xe­lebs.
Seis­wav­lis ad­gi­lis sa­xel­wo­de­bebs.
ik­vlevs enob­riv mov­le­na­Ta te­ri­to­riul gan­la­ge­bas.
Seis­wav­lis myar Se­sit­yve­bebs, maT war­mo­So­ba-­gan­vi­Ta­re­bas da fun­qcio­
ni­re­bas enis sis­te­ma­Si.
Seis­wav­lis sxva­das­xva dar­gis enasa da ter­mi­no­lo­gias.
n't
Seis­wav­lis Tar­gma­neb­Si asa­xul enob­riv Se­saZ­leb­lo­bebs.

enis samyaroSi
Do

 Cveni prezentaciebi:

jgufuri samuSao:
in­ter­net­Si moi­ZieT in­for­ma­cia ori kor­pu­sis Se­sa­xeb: qar­Tu­li enis erov­
nu­li kor­pu­si (http://gnc.gov.ge/gnc/page) da qar­Tu­li enis dia­leq­te­bis kor­
pu­si (http://www.corpora.co/#/).
Ca­we­reT erov­nu­li kor­pu­sis sa­Zie­bo vel­Si rai­me sit­yva, ma­ga­li­Tad mos­
wav­le. da gaaa­na­li­zeT is mo­na­ce­me­bi, ra­sac kor­pu­si mo­ga­wo­debT: ma­ga­li­
Tad, ram­de­ni er­Teu­li das­tur­de­ba kor­pus­Si, ro­mel teq­steb­Si Cans es
sit­yva, ra Si­naar­siT ga­moi­ye­ne­ba, ra sit­yvebs ukav­Sir­de­ba da ase Sem­deg...

10
 sintaqsis sagani. winadadeba.
2 winadadeba Sinaarsis mixedviT

mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi ?
gaixseneT:
1. gra­ma­ti­kis ro­me­li dar­gi Seis­wav­lis sit­yvebs da mis age­bu­le­bas?
2. gra­ma­ti­kis ro­me­li dar­gi Seis­wav­lis sit­yva­Ta da­kav­Si­re­bis we­sebs?
3. Tqve­ni az­riT, ro­gor ukav­Sir­de­bian sit­yve­bi er­Tma­neTs qar­Tul­Si? msje­
lo­bi­sas Se­giZ­liaT ga­ni­xi­loT ram­de­ni­me ma­ga­li­Ti.

gan­xil­vam­de .

py
dauk­vir­diT qve­moT mo­ce­mul kiT­xvebs da im­sje­leT. msje­lo­bi­sas Se­giZ­
liaT moiy­va­noT ma­ga­li­Te­bi:
sit­yva­Ta da­kav­Si­re­bis we­se­bi sru­liad Ta­vi­su­fa­lia, Tu igi gar­kveul
prin­ci­pebs moi­cavs?
sit­yva­Ta da­kav­Si­re­bi­sas ro­dis mi­vi­RebT ga­mar­Tul azrs da ro­dis ve­ra?
Co
Se­sit­yve­ba aris sit­yva­Ta kav­Si­ri, ro­me­lic ra­Rac azrs ga­mo­xa­tavs, ma­ga­
li­Tad: saxlis aSeneba, sufris gawyoba, saxlis dalageba, kargad Sesrule­
buli, ukan dabruneba, win svla... Tqve­ni az­riT, yve­la sit­yvis­gan SeiZ­le­ba
ai­gos Se­sit­yve­ba Tu ara?
ro­me­li Se­sit­yve­ba SeiZ­le­ba iyos swo­ri da ro­me­li ara? Tqve­ni az­riT, ra­
tom?
ra aris wi­na­da­de­ba? ra aq­cevs sit­yva­Ta er­Tob­lio­bas wi­na­da­de­bad?
Tqve­ni az­riT, ra sa­xis wi­na­da­de­be­bi ar­se­bobs ena­Si?
n't
ro­gor ukav­Sir­de­bian sit­yve­bi er­Tma­neTs wi­na­da­de­ba­Si?
ra da­niS­nu­le­ba aqvs wi­na­da­de­ba­Si ar­se­bul sit­yvebs?
am da sxva mra­val kiT­xva­ze pa­su­xe­bi moi­Zeb­ne­ba gra­ma­ti­kis im dar­gSi, ro­mel­
sac sintaqsi ewo­de­ba.
Do

sakiTxis analizi

Sea­ja­meT Tqve­ni pa­su­xe­bi da Tqven Ta­vad Ca­moa­ya­li­beT sin­taq­sis gan­mar­te­ba:

sintaqsi aris gramatikis dargi, romelic Seiswavlis----------------------------------

Sejameba q
sin­taq­si ga­ni­xi­lavs wi­na­da­de­ba­Ta age­bis ka­non­zo­mie­re­bebs ena­Si. sin­taq­sis
Ses­wav­lis sa­gans war­moad­gens Se­sit­yve­ba da wi­na­da­de­ba.
winadadeba SeiZ­le­ba Sed­ge­bo­des er­Ti an ram­de­ni­me sit­yvi­sa­gan, mag­ram au­ci­
le­be­lia, rom igi ga­mo­xa­tav­des das­ru­le­bul azrs. Tu sit­yva­Ta jgu­fi das­ru­le­
bul azrs ar ga­mo­xa­tavs, mas wi­na­da­de­bad ver Cav­TvliT.
winadadeba Sinaarsis mixedviT: wi­na­da­de­ba SeiZ­le­ba ga­mo­xa­tav­des faqts, Se­
kiT­xvas, rai­me grZno­bas an emo­cias. amis gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT, winadadebebi SeiZleba
iyos ramdenime saxisa:
11
 TxrobiTi winadadeba ga­mo­xa­tavs faqts. faq­ti SeiZ­le­ba iyos da­das­tu­re­bu­li
an uar­yo­fi­li. Txro­bi­Ti wi­na­da­de­bis bo­los wer­ti­li iwe­re­ba.
kiTxviTi winadadeba ga­mo­xa­tavs Se­kiT­xvas. kiT­xvi­Ti wi­na­da­de­bis bo­los kiT­
xvis ni­Sa­ni iwe­re­ba. kiT­xvi­Ti wi­na­da­de­ba Zi­ri­Ta­dad mi­mar­Tu­lia sxva pi­ri­sa­ken
da moiT­xovs gar­kveul in­for­ma­cias, da­das­tu­re­bas an uar­yo­fas. kiT­xviT wi­na­da­
de­ba­Si SeiZ­le­ba iyos kiT­xvi­Ti sit­yva, an ar iyos, mag­ram igi mainc ga­mo­xa­tav­des
kiT­xvas. kiT­xvi­Ti wi­na­da­de­ba Ta­vi­se­bu­rad ga­moiT­qme­ba. Tu wi­na­da­de­ba­Si kiT­xvi­Ti
sit­yvaa, max­vi­li kiT­xviT sit­yva­ze mo­dis: vin movida? rogor aris deda? Tu wi­
na­da­de­ba­Si ar aris kiT­xvi­Ti sit­yva, ma­Sin max­vi­li zmna­ze mo­dis: movida giorgi?
wavideT saseirnod?
Zaxilis winadadeba gar­kveul emo­cias ga­mo­xa­tavs da mis bo­los Za­xi­lis ni­Sa­
ni iwe­re­ba. Za­xi­lis wi­na­da­de­biT SeiZ­le­ba ga­mo­xa­tu­li iyos si­xa­ru­li, aR­ta­ce­ba,

py
aR­frTo­va­ne­ba, Si­Si, aR­Sfo­Te­ba, gak­vir­ve­ba, gao­ce­ba, nat­vra, mwu­xa­re­ba, ziz­Ri,
da­na­ne­ba... ma­ga­li­Tad: ra la­ma­zia! ra bed­nie­re­baa!
qar­Tul gra­ma­ti­ka­Si ase­ve ga­mo­yo­fen ori sa­xis wi­na­da­de­bas: kiTxva-Zaxilisa
da brZanebiT winadadebebs. kiT­xva-­Za­xi­lis wi­na­da­de­ba Se­kiT­xvis for­mi­Taa gad­mo­
ce­mu­li, mag­ram igi Cveu­leb­ri­vi kiT­xvi­Ti wi­na­da­de­bi­sa­gan imiT gan­sxvav­de­ba, rom
Co
Ta­na­mo­saub­ris­gan in­for­ma­cias, da­das­tu­re­bas an uar­yo­fas ki ar moiT­xovs, ara­
med mas­Si Ta­vad mTqme­lis da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba, emo­cia, gan­wyo­ba Cans. am­gva­ri wi­na­da­
de­bis bo­los kiT­xvis da Za­xi­lis ni­Sa­ni er­Tad iwe­re­ba, mag.: ase ro­gor moi­qe­ci?!
am wi­na­da­de­ba­Si aris kix­vi­Ti sit­yva, anu mas kiT­xvis for­ma aqvs, mag­ram rea­lu­rad
mTqme­li pa­su­xis ga­ce­mas ar moiT­xovs, wi­na­da­de­ba Si­naar­sob­ri­vad Ta­vad­ve ga­mo­
xa­tavs gar­kveul emo­cias, gan­wyo­bas, da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­bas (a­se­Ti SeiZ­le­ba iyos aR­
Sfo­Te­ba, gab­ra­ze­ba, wu­xi­li...). amis ga­mo wi­naa­de­bis bo­los ori ni­Sa­ni dai­we­re­ba.
brZanebiTi winadadeba brZa­ne­bas an mo­wo­de­bas ga­mo­xa­tavs. mag­ram zog­jer igi
n't
SeiZ­le­ba ga­mo­xa­tav­des rCe­va-­da­ri­ge­bas, gam­xne­ve­bas, Txov­nas, xvew­na­mu­da­ras, da­
loc­vas, wyev­las, mi­sal­me­bas... waikiTxe! nu akeTeb! nu geSinia! ar SegeSindes!

 rogor vweroT ukeTesad

wi­na­da­de­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT mniS­vne­lo­va­nia sas­ve­ni niS­ne­bis swo­rad ga­mo­ye­
Do

ne­ba.
dauk­vir­diT qve­moT moy­va­nil cxrils. mas­Si yve­la sas­ve­ni ni­Sa­ni da mi­si ga­mo­
ye­ne­bis we­se­bia mo­ce­mu­li. im­sje­leT Ti­Toeu­li sas­ve­ni niS­nis Se­sa­xeb.

sasveni niSnebi:

iwe­re­ba Txro­bi­Ti wi­na­da­de­bis bo­los.

. ada­mia­nis sa­xe­lis Se­mok­le­bul for­mas­Tan (i­ni­cia­leb­Tan).
wertili (i. WavWavaZe)
ga­moi­ye­ne­ba sit­yvis Se­sa­mok­leb­lad. (md. mtkvari)
Se­mok­le­bul for­meb­Tan: (n. = naxe, ix. = ixile, nax. = naxati,
Sdr. = Seadare, e. i. = ese igi, e.w. = egreT wodebuli, a. S. = ase
Semdeg)

12
 Ta­vi­si fun­qciiT wer­til­ze nak­le­bia da mZi­me­ze me­tia, am­
de­nad ga­moi­ye­ne­ba iseT wi­na­da­de­ba­Ta So­ris, ro­mel­Sic
mom­dev­ni wi­na­da­de­ba ag­rZe­lebs wi­na wi­na­da­de­bis azrs da
; ma­Ti wer­ti­liT ga­mij­vna ar surs av­tors. wer­til­-mZi­me ad­
wertil-mZime vi­lad SeiZ­le­ba Ca­nac­vldes we­ri­liT an mZi­miT. ma­ga­li­Tad:
bavSvebi skolaSi kviraSi xuTjer dadian; isini ganaTlebas
iReben; mozardebi sagnebs swavloben; adamianebi ase momava-
li cxovrebisTvis emzadebian.“
sa­kiT­xe­bis Ca­mo­naT­va­lis Ti­Toeu­li pun­qtis Sem­deg.

er­Tgvar wev­reb­Tan: is aris mxne, gamrje, dauRleli, goni­

eri da sxvebze mzrunveli.
,

py
gan­ker­Zoe­bul sit­yveb­sa da ga­moT­qmeb­Tan: es ambavi, ra Tqma
mZime unda, yvelam gaigo.
Se­mad­ge­nel wi­na­da­de­ba­Ta saz­Rvar­ze: gadavwyvite, rom sax-
lSi wavsuliyavi. aravin icoda, Tu ras fiqrobda.

kiT­xvi­Ti wi­na­da­de­bis bo­los, ro­mel­Sic aris kiT­xvi­Ti

?
kiTxvis niSani
Co
sit­yva: vin movida?
kiT­xvi­Ti wi­na­da­de­bis bo­los, ro­mel­Sic ar aris kiT­xvi­Ti
sit­yva, mag­ram fra­za ga­mo­xa­tavs Se­kiT­xvas: modixar?

Za­xi­lis wi­na­da­de­ba­Si: ra lamazia! ra sasixaruloa!

brZa­ne­biT wi­na­da­de­ba­Si: gaakeTe! dawere! momismine! ar wax-
vide!
! da­loc­vi­sas: Sen gaixare! RmerTma daglocos!
n't
Zaxilis niSani cal­ke ga­mo­ye­ne­bul mi­sal­me­bis for­meb­Tan: gamarjoba! mo-
gesalmebiT! saRamo mSvidobisa!
ga­maf­rTxi­le­bel gan­cxa­de­beb­Si: frTxilad! sdeq! Cumad!
sam­xed­ro brZa­ne­beb­Si: swordiT! smena! xelebi maRla!
lo­zun­gis ga­moT­qmeb­Si: yvelani _ arCevnebze!
Do

emo­ciu­rad dat­vir­Tul mi­mar­Tvas­Tan: „megobrebi! wi, win

gaswiT! RmerTo! RmerTo Cemo!

ga­moi­ye­ne­ba kiT­xva-­Za­xi­lis wi­na­da­de­ba­Si.

?! iseT wi­na­da­de­ba­Si, ro­mel­Sic aris kiT­xvi­Ti sit­yva, mag­
ram wi­na­da­de­ba ar moiT­xovs mas­ze pa­su­xa, ara­med Ta­vad
kiTxva-Zaxilis
wi­na­da­de­ba moi­cavs mTqme­lis emo­cias an da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­bas
niSani (aR­Sfo­Te­bas, SiSs, SeS­fo­Te­bas...): ase rogor moiqeci?! vin
unda gaakeTos es saqme?! „rosRa gveRirsos Cven gaRviZeba?!“
(ilia)

: Ca­moT­vlis win gan­ma­zo­ga­de­be­li sit­yvis (yve­la, yve­la­fe­

ri, yo­ve­li, sxva­das­xva) Sem­deg: yvelaferi moitana: wignebi,
orwertili
rveulebi, kalmebi, fanqrebi.

13
 mi­ma­niS­ne­be­li sit­yve­bis Sem­deg. ase­Ti sit­yve­bia: saxeldo-
br, kerZod, Semdegi, Semdegnairad, magaliTad: : saqarTvelo-
Si mravali erovnebis warmomadgeneli cxovrobs, kerZod:
azerbaijanelebi, somxebi, ukrainelebi...
pi­ra­pi­ri naT­qva­mis win, av­to­ri­seu­li sit­yve­bis Sem­deg. am­
gvar Sem­Txve­veb­Si ga­moi­ye­ne­ba sit­yve­bi: Tqva, uT­xra, miu­
go, brZa­na... giorgim mkacrad miugo: _ ar minda.

... gaw­yve­ti­li sit­yvis Sem­deg: „mtki...“ mxolod es daiZaxa.

mraval- daus­ru­le­be­li wi­na­da­de­bis an fra­zis Sem­deg: me minda...
wertili nu... nu mwer, rom...
ci­ta­tis aras­ru­lad moy­va­nis dros: „rasaca gascem, Senia...:

py
ti­re uf­ro grZe­lia, vid­re de­fi­si;
ti­re ga­moi­ye­ne­ba dia­lo­gur met­yve­le­ba­Si: _ nana modis? _
ra Tqma unda, modis. „ara! _ Tqva man, _ ar minda wamosvla.
_ ga­mo­to­ve­bu­li wev­ris nac­vlad: erT xelSi wignebi eWira,
Co
tire meoreSi _ rveulebi. „arc miwisa var, arc _ cisa“ (akaki)
gar­kveu­li sa­xis Ca­mo­naT­val­Tan: saWmeli, sasmeli, xili,
bostneuli _ yvelaferi es uxvad moetana.
zog­jer ti­res sa­Sua­le­biT ga­moi­yo­fa Car­Tu­li sit­yve­bi da
ga­moT­qme­bi: me ar mivdivar _ erTi sityviT _ gadavifiqre.

de­fi­si uf­ro mok­lea, vid­re ti­re;

n't
ga­moi­ye­ne­ba or­cne­bian kom­po­zi­teb­Si da mi­si mniS­vne­lo­baa
„da“ kav­Si­ri: ded-mama, col-Svili, deda-Svili, qarTl-kax-
eTi, TuS-fSav-xevsureTi... miiar-moiara, misvla-mosvla,
yofna-aryofna... saxl-muzeumi, wevr-korespodenti...
gaor­ma­ge­bul fu­Zeeb­Tan: nabij-nabij, tye-tye, sofel-
sofel, or-ori...
Do

- or­ma­gi gva­ris ga­sa­for­meb­lad: nato gabunia-cagarlisa, an-

defisi astasia erisTav-xoStaria...
-meT­qi da -Tqo na­wi­la­keb­Tan: ar gaakeTo-meTqi, ramdenjer
giTxari; Cemgan gadaeci, modi-Tqo.
uc­xour geog­ra­fiul sa­xe­leb­Tan: niu-iorki, san-francis-
ko, los-anjelesi...
ri­go­biT sa­xe­leb­sa da kom­po­zi­tur sa­xe­leb­Tan: me-2, 25-e;
11-sarTuliani.
cif­reb­Tan: 2001-2005 wlebSi;
zog Se­mok­le­bas­Tan: b-ni (=ba­to­ni), q-ni (=qal­ba­to­ni)
sit­yvis da­mar­cvli­sa da ga­da­ta­nis dros: ma-ta-re-be-li.

14
 na­war­moeb­Ta sa­Tau­re­bis, da­sa­xe­le­be­bis, sa­xel­wo­de­be­bis
ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­sas: ilias nawarmoebi „oTaraanT qvrivi“, kafe
„niavi“, Jurnali „niangi“, gazeTi „kviris palitra“...
ci­ta­tis moy­va­ni­sas: „sxva saqarTveo sad ari?“ (ana kalan­
„...“ daZe).
brWyalebi
ga­da­ta­ni­Ti mniS­vne­lo­biT an iro­niu­li Se­fa­se­bis ga­mo­sa­xa­
ta­vad: luarsabi metad „gonieri“ gaxldaT.
uc­xo sit­yvis qar­Tu­li asoe­biT gad­mo­sa­ce­mad: „misqoli“
araa qarTuli sityva da is Jargonad CaiTvleba.
sit­yvis ga­mo­sa­yo­fad: saiubileo sityvaSi poets „didi mgo­
sani“ uwodes.

py
praqtikuli savarjiSoebi

gadaiwereT winadadebebi da dasviT sasveni niSnebi:

1. bav­Sve­bi sad arian ikiT­xa oTax­Si Se­mo­sul­ma sa­lo­mem
2. sad mox­da es yve­la­fe­ri
Co
3. ra mox­da, ase ram ga­gi­te­xa gu­li
4. da­je­qi da da­we­re Cve­ne­ba ub­rZa­na po­li­ciel­ma da­ka­ve­bul axal­gaz­rdas
5. amas ra­tom meub­ne­bi
6. es wig­ni sax­lSi gaqvs hkiT­xa gior­gim mou­lod­ne­lad ni­nos
7. Ta­vi da­ma­ne­be, ama­ze aRar ila­pa­ra­ko
8. Cqa­ra moi­ta­ne wya­li
n't
9. xom xe­dav, cu­da­daa, ra­Ras ela­pa­ra­ke­bi
10. es ro­gor ga­be­de
11. es aris kar­gi ada­mia­no­ba es aris sa­mar­Tlia­ni moq­ce­va
12. ma­gas ro­gor mi­be­dav
13. sain­te­re­soa, ra pa­suxs gam­cems
Do

14. ro­dis mi­di­xar

15. ra­tom ara­fe­ri uT­xa­ri
16. ga­na ase ar aris
17. sai­dan ici amis Se­sa­xeb
18. ra vqna, ro­gor mo­viq­ce
19. ra da­ge­mar­Ta wyna­rad hkiT­xa sa­lo­mem
20. amas xe­dav

15
 Semajamebeli davalebebi

1. mo­Zeb­neT Tqven­Tvis sa­sur­vel teq­stSi er­Ti, ori, sa­mi da me­ti sit­yvi­sa­gan

Sed­ge­ni­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi da im­sje­leT Ti­Toeu­li maT­ga­nis Se­sa­xeb. ga­mo­xa­
tavs Tu ara es wi­na­da­de­be­bi das­ru­le­bul azrs?
2. mo­Zeb­neT teq­steb­Si wi­na­da­de­be­bi, ro­mel­Ta bo­los Za­xi­lis ni­Sa­nia das­mu­
li da im­sje­leT, ra sa­xis wi­na­da­de­baa da ra Si­naarss ga­mo­xa­tavs?
3. Tqven Ta­vad Sead­gi­neT sxva­das­xva Si­naar­sis wi­na­da­de­be­bi da miu­Ti­TeT, ram­
de­ni sit­yvi­sa­gan Sed­ge­ba is, ro­me­li sas­ve­ni ni­Sa­ni ga­moi­ye­neT da ra­tom?

 gramatikul codnas vamowmebT teqstebze

metyvelebaSi sxvadasxva emociis gamoxatva intonaciisa da mimikis saSualebi­

py
Taa SesaZlebeli. werilobiT teqstSi am funqcias sasveni niSnebi asrulebs, ami-
tom maT marTebulad gamoyenebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs.
qvemoT mocemulia guram rCeuliSvilis moTxroba `me xom guSin gagicani~, ro­
melic dialogis formiTaa dawerili da TiToeuli replikis bolos dasmul sas­
ven niSans garkveuli datvirTva eniWeba ara marto ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad, aramed
gmi­ris xasiaTis warmosaCenadac. dialogis teqsti mocemulia sasveni niSnebis
ga­reSe.
Co
waikiTxeT teqsti Sesabamisi intonaciiT da kiTxvisas yvelgan aRniSneT, romel
sasven niSans gamoiyenebT da ratom? imsjeleT, ra emociaa gamoxatuli TiToeuli
replikis bolos dasmuli sasveni niSniT? (aseve SegiZliaT davaleba jgufurad
Seasrulo: gayaviT teqsti ramdenime nawilad, gadawereT, dasviT sasveni niSnebi da
Semdeg imsjeleT).
n't
guram rCeuliSvili
me xom guSin gagicani

1 _ kar­gi
Do

_ xe­dav ra ax­loa mde­lo iyo mwva­ne ba­la­xi rbi­li

_ aba _ ici ra
_ ager ager iq _ ara
_ ro­dis mi­valT _ ro­gor giT­xra ar vi­ci
_ erT saaT­Si _ ra un­da miT­xra
_ me ar min­da _ ici ra
_ ra­tom _ xom giT­xa­ri ara­meT­qi, oi ra di­
_ me­Si­nia di xe­li gaqvs
_ ri­si _ ara ras am­bob
_ araf­ris ise _ Ro­nie­ri xar
_ ra ise _ ara ras am­bob
_ nu wa­valT ra _ ra ara na­xe ra kun­Te­bi gaqvs
_ aba ra vqnaT _ ici ra
_ aq dav­sxdeT _ ara xo giT­xa­ri

16
 2 _ ici ra
_ wa­mo ra iq _ ara
_ sad _ crem­lebs ver vi­tan me­co­de­bi
_ ai iq we­Ran rom miv­dio­diT _ mo­viw­min­do
_ me­Si­nia _ ara
_ ri­sa _ ra­Ta
_ ar vi­ci _ me Tvi­Ton mog­wmend
_ aq ar ge­Si­nia .............................................................
_ aq ara _ va­Ja
_ biW­ma Ta­vis TaT­Si moiq­cia go­gos _ ra
xe­li me­re mou­Wi­ra _ va­Ja Tva­leb­ze koc­na ar var­ga
_ mtki­va ici cu­di ni­Sa­nia
_ ra­Ta _ aba ra vqna crem­lebs vin da­giS­

py
_ imi­tom rom Ro­ nie­ri xar Ta­ nac robs
am­xe­la xe­li gaqvs _ ar gin­da sir­cxvi­lia ase
_ ho Sen pa­ta­ra mte­va­ni gaqvs _ vi­si
_ me ki na­xe ra Txe­lia _ ara­vi­si ise
_ aba _ ra ise
_ sir­cxvi­lia geub­ne­bi
_ ai
_ ho mar­
ar mog­te­xo
Co
Tlac ra Txe­ lia me­

_ arc ise sus­tia Sen rom ggo­nia

Si­
nia _ ga­na vin­me gvi­yu­rebs
_ ara
_ aba
_ gin­da gat­ki­no _ Se­ni
_ aba sca­de _ Ce­mi _ ho
_ ara gtki­va _ ra­Ta
_ ara _ ra un­da Tqva me xom gu­Sin ga­gi­
ca­ni
n't
_ arc ax­la
_ ara _ me­re
_ arc ax­la _ ar vi­ci ga­na ase xde­ba
_ ara _ arc me vi­ci al­baT
_ ki­de ti­ri­xar
3 _ ar vi­ci
Do

_ aba ra­tom wiT­lde­bi _ mo­mey­rde­ni ai ase

_ xo viT­men Sen ra gin­da _ va­Ja
_ kar­gi gve­yo aRar gat­ken _ ra
_ ro­gorc gin­da mar­Tla ici ra _ Tva­leb­Si koc­na ar var­ga
_ ra
_ aba mar­ cxe­na­
Ti Tu mat­ ken mar­ 4
cxe­nas va­Ja yvri­mals daac­xra me­re tu­Cebs
_ kar­gi _ va­Ja
_ ara mtki­va _ ra
_ aba crem­li ra aris _ sir­cxvi­lia
_ ar vi­ci _ vi­si
_ ro­gor _ Se­ni
_ ise ar vi­ci _ Ce­mi ra­tom
_ ise ar vi­ci _ ise ar vi­ci me xom gu­Sin ga­gi­ca­ni

17
 enis samyaroSi

Tvalsawieri
waikiTxeT qvemoT mocemuli masala da imsjeleT, rogor Seiqmna TiToeuli fra­
ze­ologizmi.

miTuri safuZveli frazeologizmebi

ariad­ne kre­tis me­fis, mi­no­sis, qa­liS­vi­li iyo. mi­noss ariadnes Zafi _ rTu-
la­bi­rin­TSi mi­no­tav­ri, xa­ris­Ta­via­ni ur­Cxu­li hyav­ li mdgomareobidan
da dam­wyvdeu­li. ur­Cxuls ga­mo­sak­ve­bad yo­vel­dRe TavdasaRwevi saSu­a­
ug­zav­nid­nen la­maz qa­liS­vi­leb­sa da Wa­bu­kebs. la­bi­ leba, gamosavali.

py
rin­Ti­dan ga­moR­we­va yve­la­saT­vis Zne­li iyo, rad­gan
ukan da­sab­ru­ne­bel gzas ver pou­lob­dnen. ariad­nes
da­nax­vis­Ta­na­ve Seuy­var­da gmi­ri Wa­bu­ki Te­zev­si, aTe­
nis me­fis, egeo­sis, Ze. igi kre­ta­ze im miz­niT Ca­vi­da,
rom aTe­ni mZi­me xar­ki­sa­gan ex­sna an Tvi­To­nac sxva
Wa­bu­keb­Tan er­Tad da­Ru­pu­li­yo ur­Cxul­Tan Seb­mi­sas.
Co
ariad­ne mas dax­ma­re­bas dah­pir­da. ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­
Txve­va­Si Te­zev­si qals Seir­Tav­da da aTen­Si waiy­van­
da. ariad­nem Te­zevss Za­fis gor­ga­li da xma­li mis­ca.
Wa­buk­ma Za­fis bo­lo la­bi­rin­Tis Se­sas­vlel­Si mia­mag­
ra, mok­la ur­Cxu­li da Za­fis meS­veo­biT la­bi­rin­Ti­
dan ga­moaR­wia...

aqi­lev­si ber­Znu­li mi­To­lo­giis gmi­ria, zRvis qal­ aqilevsis qusli _

n't
RmerT Te­ti­das da gmi­ri me­fis, pe­lev­sis, Svi­li. adamianis susti mxa­
de­dam or­gva­ri cxov­re­ba Ses­Ta­va­za aqi­levss _ xan­ re, susti adgili.
grZli­vi da usa­xe­lo an xan­mok­le da sa­xe­lo­va­ni. aqi­
lev­sma meo­re am­jo­bi­na.
Svi­lis uk­vdav­sa­yo­fad de­da mas mdi­na­re stiq­sSi aba­
na­veb­da, xo­lo Ra­miT cec­xlSi aw­rTob­da. Svi­li qus­
Do

liT eWi­ ra xel­Si, ami­

tom am ad­ gils arc wya­ li Se­
xe­bia da arc cec­xli. amis ga­mo qus­li mis sxeul­ze
er­Ta­derT sust ad­gi­lad dar­Ca.
aqi­lev­sma di­di sa­xe­li troas om­Si moix­ve­Wa da iq­ve
na­xa aR­sas­ru­li: troas me­fis Svil­ma, pa­ris­ma, swo­
red qus­lSi moar­tya isa­ri da mok­la.

Ta­le­sis me­fe he­lev­si­sa da zRvis qal­RmerT Te­ti­das ganxeTqilebis vaSli _

qor­wil­Si yve­la moiw­vies, gar­da qal­RmerT eri­da­si. xangrZlivi davisa da
ga­naw­ye­ne­bul­ma eri­dam sa­qor­wi­no suf­ra­ze ga­daag­do usiamovnebis gamom-
oq­ros vaS­li war­we­riT `um­Sve­nie­ress~. sa­mi ula­ma­ze­ wvevi mizezi.
si qal­Rmer­Ti _ zev­sis meuR­le he­ra, sib­rZnis qal­
Rmer­Ti aTe­na da si­la­ma­zis qal­Rmer­Ti af­ro­di­te

18
 _ er­Tma­neTs eci­le­bo­da. maT So­ris sau­ke­Te­so un­
da ga­moev­li­na troas me­fis vaJs, pa­riss. Ti­Toeu­li
cdi­lob­da mi­si gu­lis mo­ge­bas. he­ra mTe­li sam­ya­ros
mbrZa­neb­lo­bas aRuT­qvam­da, aTe­na hpir­de­bo­da, rom
udi­des gmi­rad aq­cev­da da did sib­rZnes mis­cem­da.
af­ro­di­te ki ula­ma­zes ele­nes sTa­va­zob­da. pa­ris­ma
vaS­li af­ro­di­tes mia­kuT­vna, sa­ma­gie­rod, af­ro­di­te
daex­ma­ra pa­riss ele­nes mo­ta­ce­ba­Si, ro­me­lic spar­
tis me­fis me­ne­lao­sis co­li iyo. amas moh­yva aT­wlia­
ni omi ber­Zneb­sa da troe­lebs So­ris.

xe­lo­san­Ta, me­jo­ge­Ta da va­War­-mog­zaur­Ta RmerTs panikuri SiSi _ didi,

py
her­mess da nim­fa drio­pes See­Zi­naT Txis­wve­re­bia­ni ga­nuzomeli SiSi.
da rqe­bian­-Cli­qe­bia­ni va­Ji, ro­mel­sac sa­xe­lad pa­ni panika _ SiSiT gamow­
daar­qves. mas tyi­sa da na­dir­Ta mfar­ve­lo­ba dae­kis­ ve­uli sayovelTao
ra. pa­ni yve­las ar­Tob­da, mag­ram man sas­ti­ki gab­ra­ze­ are­uloba.
bac ico­da da amiT yve­las aSi­neb­da. Ta­vi­si ga­reg­no­
bis ga­moc mnax­vels Si­Sis zars scem­da.
Co
ko­rin­Tos me­fe si­zi­fe mok­vdav­Ta­gan yve­la­ze mat­yu­ sizifes Sroma _ mZime,
a­ra iyo. er­Txel man zevss uRa­la­ta. gan­ris­xe­bul­ magram usargeb-
ma zev­sma mas sik­vdi­li (Ta­na­to­si) gaug­zav­na, mag­ram lo, unayofo, fuWi
cbi­er­ma me­fem moat­yua sik­vdi­li da bor­ki­le­bi daa­ Sroma.
do. sa­bo­lood Ta­na­to­si bor­ki­le­bi­sa­gan omis Rmer­
Tma ares­ma gaa­Ta­vi­suf­la, si­zi­fes ki sai­qios sa­mu­
da­mo sas­je­li dae­kis­ra: mas vee­ber­Te­la lo­di un­da
n't
ae­go­re­bi­na mTis mwver­val­ze, mag­ram mwver­va­lam­de
miR­we­vis Sem­deg lo­di xe­li­dan us­xlte­bo­da, qve­moT
gor­de­bo­da da yve­la­fe­ri Ta­vi­dan iw­ye­bo­da.

Tu gsurT, Seit­yoT, ra SeiZ­le­ba dae­dos sa­fuZ­vlad fra­zeo­lo­giz­mebs, gir­

CevT, wai­kiT­xoT zu­rab Wum­bu­ri­Zis sta­tia `ra­tom vam­bobT ase~ (wig­nSi `de­da ena~).
Do

frazeologizmis Seqmnis safuZveli sxvadasxva raime SeiZleba gaxdes: daukvir­

diT qvemoT mocemul frazeologizmebs da aRniSneT, ra aris maTi gaCenis wyaro:
babilonis godoli _ xmauriani, areul-dareuli, uTavbolo yofa, sxvadasxva
ena­ze molaparake adamianebis brbo, sadac SeuZlebelia erTmaneTis gageba.
gankiTxvis dRis dadgoma _ danaSaulze pasuxismgeblobis drois dadgoma.
golgoTas Sedgoma _ tanjva-wamebis, mZime cxovrebis gzaze dadgoma.
eklis gvirgvinis dadgma _ tanjva, wameba.
mama abramis batkani _ aqvs ironiuli Sinaarsi, viTomc ucodveli, umwikvlo,
mar­Tali adamiani.
amerikis aRmoCena _ aqvs ironiuli Sinaarsi, iseTi raimes mtkiceba, rac sayo­
vel­Taod cnobilia.

davaleba:
Sead­gi­neT wi­na­da­de­be­bi mo­ce­mu­li fra­zeo­lo­giz­me­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­biT.
19
 3 uar­yo­fa qar­Tul­Si

? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi

1. isaub­reT, ra niS­navs uar­yo­fa?

2. ra sa­Sua­le­be­biT xde­ba ena­Si uar­yo­fa?
3. ra for­mas iye­nebT, ro­ca uars am­bobT moq­me­de­ba­ze?
4. ra for­mas iye­nebT, ro­ca gin­daT aR­niS­noT rom ar Se­giZ­liaT moq­me­de­bis
Ses­ru­le­ba?
5. ra for­mas iye­nebT, ro­ca uk­rZa­lavT vin­mes moq­me­de­bis Ses­ru­le­bas?

. gan­xil­vam­de

py
dauk­vir­diT qve­moT mo­ce­mul sqe­mas. mas­ze qar­Tu­li enis uar­yo­fis sis­te­
maa ga­mo­sa­xu­li.
ra Se­giZ­liaT TqvaT Ti­Toeu­li for­mis Se­sa­xeb?
Sea­da­reT es mo­na­ce­me­bi im uc­xo enas, ro­mel­sac Tqven swav­lobT da im­sje­
Co
leT, ra msgav­se­ba gan­sxva­ve­be­bia maT So­ris?

uaryofa SesaZleblobis akrZalva

uaryofa

uaryofiTi ar ver nu
nawilakebi aRar veRar nuRar
n't
uaryofiTi aravin veravin nuravin
nacvalsaxelebi araferi veraferi nuraferi

uaryofiTi arsad versad nursad

zmnizedebi arasodes verasdros nurasodes
Do

arasdros verasdros nurasdros

sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

wi­na­da­de­ba SeiZ­le­ba ga­mo­xa­tav­des da­das­tu­re­bas an uar­yo­fas. qar­Tul ena­Si

uar­yo­fis Ta­vi­se­bu­ri sis­te­maa da mas sa­mi na­wi­la­ki ga­mo­xa­tavs: ar na­wi­la­ki ga­mo­
xa­tavs mar­tiv (ka­te­go­riul an neit­ra­lur) uar­yo­fas, ver na­wi­la­ki _ Se­saZ­leb­
lo­bis uar­yo­fas, xo­lo nu na­wi­la­ki _ brZa­ne­bas an Txov­nas.
na­wi­la­ke­bis sis­te­mas mih­yve­ba uar­yo­fi­Ti nac­val­sa­xe­le­bi­sa da uar­yo­fi­Ti
zmni­ze­de­bis sis­te­mac, rac kar­gad Cans ze­moT mo­ce­mul sqe­ma­ze. qar­Tu­li­saT­vis
ase­ve da­ma­xa­sia­Te­be­lia „zRvru­li uar­yo­fa“, ra­sac -Ra na­wi­la­ki awar­moebs. -Ra
na­wi­la­kia­ni for­me­bi aR­niS­navs, rom moq­me­de­ba xde­bo­da, mag­ram ra­Rac drois Sem­
deg Sew­yda: Sea­da­reT qve­moT mo­ce­mu­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi er­Tma­neTs da Ta­vad aR­niS­
neT maT So­ris ar­se­bu­li Si­naar­sob­ri­vi gan­sxva­ve­ba:

20
 ar wvims. aRar wvims.
so­fel­Si ver miv­di­var. so­fel­Si ve­Rar miv­di­var.

nu da­
wer. nu­
Rar da­
wer.

ar na­wi­la­ki zmnis yve­la for­mas­Tan SeiZ­le­ba Seg­vxvdes, mag­ram ver na­wi­la­ki

ar ga­moi­ye­ne­ba zo­gierT zmnas­Tan.

ver na­wi­la­ki ar gvxvde­ba Sem­deg zmneb­Tan (vi­ye­nebT mxo­lod ar na­wi­laks):

grZno­ba­-aR­qmis zmneb­Tan: mSia, mwyu­ria, mtki­va, miy­vars, mZuls, min­da,

mes­mis, vi­ci.

py
myo­fo­ba-­mqo­neb­lo­bis aris, ar­se­bobs, im­yo­fe­ba, mde­ba­reobs, aqvs, hyavs.
zmneb­Tan:

sta­ti­ku­ri mdgo­ma­reo­bis swe­ria, aba­dia, gaaC­nia, av­lia, as­xia, awe­ria,

ga­mom­xat­vel zmneb­Tan:
Co
zo­gierT fra­zeo­lo­giz­mTan:
axa­tia, axu­ravs, aw­yvia, ar­tyia, ac­via, aC­nia.
ar abo­gi­nebs, ar aWa­Wa­nebs, ar da­gi­devs,
ar daey­ved­re­ba, ar daed­go­me­ba, ar eWaS­ni­ke­ba,
ar epit­na­ve­ba, ai­nun­Siac ar ag­debs, ara uSavs...

zog­jer na­wi­la­ki­sa da zmnis kom­bi­na­cia gar­kveul Si­naarss moi­cavs da mniS­vne­

lo­ba aqvs zmnis for­mis an na­wi­la­kis ga­mo­ye­ne­bas.

ar da­we­ra gar­kveu­li mo­saz­re­be­bis ga­mo, gan­geb, Seg­ne­bu­lad ar Seas­ru­

n't
la moq­me­de­ba.

ar dau­we­ria ar Cans mi­ze­zi, mag­ram vxe­davT Se­degs, rom moq­me­de­ba ar Ses­

rul­da.

ver da­we­ra ar iyo moq­me­de­bis Ses­ru­le­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba, ver SeZ­lo, Se­

saZ­loa un­do­da, mag­ram ra­Rac mi­ze­ze­bis ga­mo moq­me­de­ba ar
Do

Ses­rul­da.

ver dau­we­ria vxe­davT Se­degs, rom Se­saZ­leb­lo­bis arar­se­bo­bis ga­mo moq­me­

de­ba ar Ses­rul­da.

Se­ja­me­ba q
or­ma­gi uar­yo­fa qar­Tul­Si
ro­gor fiq­robT, ro­me­li for­maa swo­ri:

ar­sad mi­dis ar­sad ar mi­dis

ve­ra­vin ake­Tebs ve­ra­vin ver ake­Tebs

nu­ra­fers met­yvi nu­ra­fers nu met­yvi

21
 ori­ve for­ma swo­ria da es mxo­lod mTqme­lis ar­Ce­van­zea da­mo­ki­de­bu­li.
pir­vel svet­Si mo­Tav­se­bul for­mebs er­Tma­gi an cal­ma­gi uar­yo­fa ewo­de­ba, xo­
lo meo­re svet­Si mo­Tav­se­bul for­mebs _ or­ma­gi uar­yo­fa.
or­ma­gi uar­yo­fa au­ci­le­be­lia Sem­deg Sem­Txve­veb­Si:
Tu uar­yo­fa ga­Ti­Su­lia sxva sit­yve­biT: ara­vis yu­rad­Re­bas ar aq­cevs. ara­
nai­ri saq­mis ga­ke­Te­ba ar SeuZ­lia.
Tu wi­na­da­de­ba­Si sit­yva­Ta Seb­ru­ne­bu­li ri­gia: ar SeuZ­lia ara­nai­ri saq­mis
ga­ke­Te­ba. nu met­yvi nu­ra­fers, ar ake­Tebs ara­fers, ver mi­dis ver­sad.
Tu uar­yo­fi­Ti nac­val­sa­xe­li gan­meo­re­bu­lia: arc si­ci­vis da arc sic­xis ar
un­da Se­ge­Sin­des. verc mu­qa­ra da verc ak­rZal­va ukan ver da­ma­xe­vi­nebs. nurc
ada­mians da nurc sxva su­lier ar­se­bas nu moeq­ce­vi cu­dad.

py
am­de­nad, or­ma­gi uar­yo­fa enis­Tvis sru­liad mi­sa­Re­bia. or­ma­gi uar­yo­fis Sem­c­
vel wi­na­da­de­ba­Si uar­yo­fi­lia ro­gorc sa­xe­la­di, ise zmnu­ri na­wi­li da amas mniS­vne­
lo­va­ni Si­naar­sob­ri­vi dat­vir­Tva aqvs.

 gra­ma­ti­kul cod­nas va­mow­mebT teq­steb­ze

Co
1. dauk­vir­diT li­te­ra­tu­ris sa­xel­mZRva­ne­loeb­Si mo­ce­mul teq­stebs uar­yo­
fis for­ma­Ta ga­mo­ye­ne­bis Tval­saz­ri­siT.
2. gadaxazeT cxrili rveulSi, amoiwereT teqstebidan uaryofiTi nawilakis
Semcveli formebi da daajgufeT cxrilSi mocemuli principis mixedviT:

neit­ra­lu­ri uar­yo­fis ga­mom­xat­ve­li for­me­bi:

n't
Se­saZ­leb­lo­bis uar­yo­fis ga­mom­xat­ve­li for­me­bi:

ak­rZal­vis ga­mom­xat­ve­li for­me­bi:

nu na­wi­la­kia­ni Txov­nis ga­mom­xat­ve­li for­me­bi:

or­ma­gi uar­yo­fis for­me­bi:

Do

3. im­sje­leT Ti­Toeu­li jgu­fis Se­sa­xeb: ras ga­mo­xa­tavs, zmnis ro­mel for­

mas­Tan aris da­kav­Si­re­bu­li, SeiZ­le­ba Tu ara sxva na­wi­la­kiT Ca­nac­vle­ba,
ro­gor ic­vle­ba Si­naar­si Ca­nac­vle­bi­sas.
4. Se­giZ­liaT imu­SaoT wyvi­le­bad an jgu­feb­Si.
5. Se­de­ge­bi war­moad­gi­neT pre­zen­ta­ciis sa­xiT.

22
enis samyaroSi

Tvalsawieri

1. da­fiq­re­bul­xarT Tu ara odes­me, ro­me­li sit­yvi­sa­gan mom­di­na­reobs sit­yva

`mo­naT­vla~? ra Zi­ri udevs sa­fuZ­vlad am da mis­gan na­war­moeb sxva for­mebs?

2. qve­moT mo­ce­mu­lia naw­yve­ti leon­ti mro­ve­lis Txzu­le­bi­dan `cxov­re­ba far­

na­va­zi­si~ da ram­de­ni­me leq­si­ko­nis mo­na­ce­mi. gaix­se­neT, ro­gor vmsje­lobT sit­
yvis mniS­vne­lo­bis cvli­le­bis Se­sa­xeb, aR­moa­Ci­neT kav­Si­ri mo­ce­mul naw­yvet­sa da
sa­leq­si­ko­no ma­sa­las So­ris, Ca­moa­ya­li­beT msje­lo­ba mo­ce­mu­li for­mis Se­sa­xeb.

`ma­Sin ixi­la far­na­vaz siz­ma­ri, ro­ca iyo igi sax­lsa Si­na uka­cur­sa, da

py
egul­ve­bo­da gan­slva da ver gan­vi­da. ma­Sin Se­mo­vi­da sar­ku­mel­sa mis­sa Su­qi mzi­
sa da moer­tya wel­Ta mis­Ta, da ga­ni­zi­da da ga­niy­va­na sar­ku­mel­sa mas. da vi­Tar
gan­vi­da ve­lad, ixi­la mze quem­dab­lad, mih­yo xe­li mi­si, moh­xo­ca cua­ri pir­sa
mzi­sa­sa da ic­xo pir­sa mis­sa. ga­niR­vi­Za far­na­vaz da ga­nuk­vir­da, da Tqua: `siz­
ma­ri igi, ese ars, me war­val as­pans da mun ke­Til­sa mi­ve­ce­mi~ (leon­ti mro­ve­li,
Co
`cxov­re­ba qar­Tvel­Ta me­fe­Ta: cxov­re­ba far­na­va­zi­si~).

naTeli _ si­naT­le, san­Te­li, an­ka­ra, brwyin­va­le, sxi­vi, mTie­bi. `na­Te­li igi

bnel­sa ze­da na­Tobs~ (i. abu­la­Ze, Zve­li qar­Tu­li enis leq­si­ko­ni).
naTlis-Reba _ mo­naT­lva, ga­naT­le­ba. `na­Tel­-i­Reb­des de­da­ni da ma­ma­ni~.
naTlis-cema _ `ro­me­li TviT naT­lis­-Re­ba­sa wa­dier iyo.~
naTlis-cema _ mo­naT­vla; ga­naT­le­ba. `ioa­ne na­Tel­scem­da wyli­Ta~ (i. abulaZe,
n't
Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni).
naTelRebuli _ mo­naT­lu­li. `na­Tel­-me­ciT me, rai­Ta qris­tia­ne gan­vi­de amier
sof­liT da mi­vi­de wi­na­Se Rmer­Tsa na­Tel­Re­bu­li~ (i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis
leqsikoni).
naTlis-Reba _ unaT­lav­Ta­gan naT­lis mi­Re­ba;
Do

naTlis-cema _ unaT­lavT naT­lis mi­ce­ma (sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qa­

rTuli).
naTeli _ 1. si­naT­liT mo­cu­li, si­naT­lia­ni. Su­qia­ni, ga­na­Te­bu­li.
2. si­naT­le, Su­qi (qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni).
naTel-mironi _ naT­lii­sa da naT­lu­lis oja­xe­bi er­Tma­ne­Tis mi­marT. igi­vea,
rac na­Tel­mi­ro­no­ba.
naTelmosili _ na­Te­liT, Sa­ra­van­de­diT mo­si­li, gas­xi­vos­ne­bu­li.
naTelRebuli _ vinc an ra­mac na­Te­li iRo _ mo­naT­lu­li, gaq­ris­tia­ne­bu­li.
naTelcxebuli _ vi­sac an ra­sac na­Te­li scxes, na­kur­Txi (qarTuli enis
anmartebiTi leqsikoni).
monaTvla _ sa­xe­li `mo­naT­lavs~ zmnis moq­me­de­bi­sa, _ qris­tia­nu­li we­si, ro­
mel­sac as­ru­le­ben ek­le­siis wev­rad bav­Svis an di­dis Ca­ric­xvi­saT­vis, am we­sis Ses­
ru­le­ba (qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni).
23
 Cven Tavad veZebT leqsikonebSi:
1. leqsikoni mravalgvari arsebobs. daasaxeleT, ra saxis leqsikonebs ic-
nobT?
2. ganmartebiTi leqsikoni _ ras geubnebaT es saxelwodeba? SegiZliaT axs­
naT, ra tipis leqsikonia is?
3. icnobT Tu ara qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonebs?

„qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni“ _ SemoklebiT mas asec uwodeben: qegl

war­moadgens qarTuli enis sityvaTa maragis udides „sacavs“. igi rva toms
mo­icavs da Seiqmna 1950-1964 wlebSi, amJamad mimdinareobs misi gadamuSaveba
da Sevseba. leqsikoni ganTavsebulia internetSi: http://www.ena.ge/explanatory
online.

py
„qarTuli leqsikoni“ (avtorebi giorgi cocaniZe, nana lolaZe, qeTevan daTu­
kiS­vili) Tanamedrove epoqaSi Seqmnili ganmartebiTi leqsikonia, romelic sa­
mo­ci aTas leqsikur erTeuls moicavs da axlavs ilustraciebi. leqsikoni
gan­Tavsebulia internetSi: https://www.ganmarteba.ge/.
Co
qvemoT mocemulia formebi, romlebic SegiZliaT moiZioT leqsikonebSi. ase­
ve SegiZliaT Zebnis velSi SegiZliaT CaweroT „naT“ an „naTl“ Ziri da SearCioT
sa­erTo Zirisa da mniSvnelobis sxva formebic.
amoiwereT maTi ganmartebebi, axseniT TiToeuli formis Seqmnis gza da imsje­
leT am formebSi mniSvnelobis ganviTarebaze. Tqveni Sedegebi warmoadgineT pre­
zen­taciis saxiT.
n't
naTeba naTeli ganaTleba
naTdeba naTlad ganaTlebuli
ganaTeba naTelsayofad gaunaTlebeli
ganaTeba naTelyofa ganaTldeba
Do

ganaTebuli naTelyofili saganmanaTleblo

gasanaTebeli pirnaTeli ganmanaTlebloba
gaunaTebeli pirnaTlad
aTinaTi sulganaTlebuli

24
 4 wi­na­da­de­bis wev­re­bi

mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi ?
1. gaix­se­neT mor­fo­lo­gii­dan met­yve­le­bis na­wi­le­bi: im­sje­leT for­mac­va­le­
bad da for­mauc­vlel, dam­xma­re da da­mou­ki­de­be­li mniS­vne­lo­bis mqo­ne sit­
yveb­ze.
2. wi­na­da­de­ba­Si er­Ti an ram­de­ni­me sit­yva Se­dis, iciT, ra hqvia am sit­yvebs
sin­taq­sSi?
3. Tqve­ni az­riT, iq­ne­ba Tu ara gan­sxva­ve­ba for­mauc­vlel da for­mac­va­le­
bad, dam­xma­re da da­mou­ki­de­be­li mniS­vne­lo­bis sit­yvebs So­ris sin­taq­su­ri
Tval­saz­ri­siT?

py
gan­xil­vam­de
dauk­vir­diT qve­moT mo­ce­mul cxrils, ga­da­xa­zeT rveul­Si, Seav­seT ni­mu­Se­
biT da daus­viT kiT­xve­bi.
Co met­yve­le­bis na­wi­le­bi

nimuSi kiTxva

arsebiTi
saxeli

zedsarTavi
sru­li icvleba
n't
saxeli
mniS­vne­lo­bis brunvebis
ricxviTi
mqo­ne mixedviT
saxeli
Do

nacvalsaxeli

zmna iuRleba

zmnizeda

damoukidebeli Tandebuli

mniSvnelobis
kavSiri formaucvlelia
armqone /
nawilaki
damxmare
Sorisdebuli

25
 gaix­se­neT met­yve­le­bis na­wi­le­bi. im­sje­leT cxri­lis mi­xed­viT Sem­deg sa­
kiT­xeb­ze:
1. ram­de­ni met­yve­le­bis na­wi­lia qar­Tul ena­Si?
2. ro­me­lia sru­li mniS­vne­lo­bis mqo­ne?
3. ax­se­niT, ras niS­navs sru­li mniS­vne­lo­bis mqo­ne met­yve­le­bis na­wi­li?
4. ro­me­li met­yve­le­bis na­wi­le­bia da­mou­ki­de­be­li mniS­vne­lo­bis ar­mqo­ne?
ra­tom?
5. ro­me­li met­yve­le­bis na­wi­le­bi ic­vle­ba brun­ve­bis mi­xed­viT?
6. ro­me­li ic­le­ba pi­ris mi­xed­viT?
7. ro­mel met­yve­le­bis na­wi­lebs daes­miT kiT­xve­bi?
8. ro­me­li met­yve­le­bis na­wi­le­bi as­ru­le­ben dam­xma­re rols wi­na­da­de­ba­Si?

py
9. sin­taq­sSi ar­se­bobs ter­mi­ni „wi­na­da­de­bis wev­ri“, ro­gor fiq­robT, ro­
me­li met­yve­le­bis na­wi­li iq­ne­ba wi­na­da­de­bis wev­ri da ro­me­li _ ara?
ra­tom?
10. ra rols Se­sa­ru­lebs wi­na­da­de­ba­Si dam­xma­re met­yve­le­bis na­wi­le­bi?

sakiTxis analizi
Co
winadadebaSi Semaval sityvebs winadadebis wevrebi ewodeba. winadadebis wev-
rebad iTvleba mxolod damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebi. damxmare
sityvebi winadadebis wevri ar aris, magram maT winadadebaSi didi mniSvneloba
aqvT, radgan isini sityvebs rogorc formiT, ise SinaarsiT akavSireben erTma-
neTTan.
winadadebis wevrebs daesmiT kiTxvebi. es kiTxvebi igivea, rac daesmiT damou-
kidebeli mniSvnelobis metyvelebis nawilebs.
n't

q Sejameba

winadadebis wevrebi jgufdeba or ZiriTad jgufad: mTavari da aramTavari

wevrebi. zmna da zmnasTan dakavSirebuli wevrebi winadadebis mTavar wevrebad
iTvleba, xolo danarCeni _ aramTavar wevrebad.
Do

winadadebis wevrebs Tavisi saxelebi aqvT.

winadadebis mTavari wevrebia: Semasmeneli, qvemdebare, pirdapiri damateba da
iribi damateba.
winadadebis aramTavari wevrebia: ubralo damateba, gansazRvreba da garemoeba
(adgilis, drois, viTarebis, mizezis da miznis garemoebebi).

26
 savarjiSoebi analizisaTvis:
1. moZebneT TqvenTvis sasurvel teqstSi winadadebebi da daasaxeleT, rome-
li sityvaa winadadebis wevri da romeli _ ara.
2. ra kiTxva daesmis winadadebis TiToeul wevrs?
3. imsjeleT, romeli metyvelebis nawili iTvleba winadadebis wevrad da ro-
meli _ ara; daasabuTeT, ratom.
4. gadaixazeT rveulSi cxrili da SeavseT igi TiToeuli winadadebis mixedviT:

winadadebis ara aris ra kiTxva daesmis romeli metyvelebis

wevri winadadebis wevri nawilia

py
praqtikuli savarjiSoebi
Co
qvemoT mocemulia nawyveti „amiranis Tqmulebidan“. gadaiwereT rveulSi.
swori xazi gausviT winadadebis wevrebs, xolo damxmare mniSvnelobis sityvebs
ki klaknili xazi. imsjeleT, ra rols asruleben damxmare metyvelebis nawilebi
winadadebaSi?

1. bavSvi saocari siswrafiT izrdeboda: erTi dRisa erTi kvirisas hgavda,

er­Ti kvirisa _ erTi Tvisas da erTi Tvisa _ erTi wlisas. darejans ise Seuy­
var­da patara amirani, rom Tavis Svilebs erCivna da amirans `darejanis Svils~
n't
eZax­dnen. radgan sulkalmaxi xanSi Sesuliyo da dRe-dReze sikvdils moeloda,
ga­dawyvita, amirani mdidari kacisaTvis moenaTvlinebina: roca movkvdebi, ami-
rans naTlia waiyvans da gazrdiso. marTlac naTliad mdidari kaci dapatiJes,
mag­ram naTlobis dRes sulkalmaxis saxlSi glaxad Cacmulma qriste-RmerTma
Ca­moiara da sTxova maspinZels, amirani me momanaTvlineTo. sulkalmaxma uari
Do

ve­Rar uTxra da moanaTvlina. qriste-RmerTma amirans daanaTla: daqanebuli

zva­vis simarde, TormetuReli xar-kameCis Rone da mglis muxli, balRobiT
si­sawyle da sibeCave, vaJkacobaSi _ omi da Wirsaxdeli.

2. maSin dawyevla RmerTma amirani, kavkasionis qedze uzarmazari rkinis palo

Ca­aso da zed didi jaWviT miaba. amiranTan miajaWva RmerTma yurSa ZaRlic,
ro­melsac RvTis sayvareliT bevri jixvi gaewyvita. es yurSa yornis naSobi
iyo da zurgze ori frTa esxa, amitomac ara nadiri ar gaecleboda, ver wauvi­
do­da. amirans dReSi erTi puri da erTi Wiqa Rvino aqvs gaCenili, romelsac
yoveldRe yorani uzidavs. wlis ganmavlobaSi amirani da yurSa sWimaven rki­
nis jaWvs da palos, zev-zeviT sweven. Iqamdis miiyvanen, rom es-es aris amoZv­
re­ba miwidano, magram am dros boloqanqara Citi mofrindeba da palos daaj­
de­ba. amiranma icis, vin aris es Citi, gulmosuli mouqnevs rkinis uros, Citi
af­renas moaswrebs, uro palos moxvdeba da isev Ziramdis CaarWobs.
27
 enis samyaroSi

Tvalsawieri

sinonimebi
1. gaix­se­neT, ra aris si­no­ni­me­bi.
2. daa­sa­xe­leT si­no­ni­mu­ri sit­yve­bi.
3. ro­gor fiq­robT, si­no­ni­me­bi msgav­si mniS­vne­lo­bis sit­yve­bia Tu ab­so­lu­
tu­rad er­Tnai­ri mniS­vne­lo­bi­sa? Sea­da­reT: la­ma­zi _ mSve­nie­ri, gu­la­di _
ma­ma­ci.
4. ar­se­bobs mo­saz­re­ba: `si­no­ni­me­bis siux­ve da mra­val­fe­rov­ne­ba enis sim­did­

py
ri­sa da gan­vi­Ta­re­bu­lo­bis ut­yua­ri maC­ve­ne­be­lia~. daa­sa­bu­TeT es mo­saz­re­
ba mo­Zie­bu­li ma­sa­liT.

gadaxazeT cxrili rveulSi da imuSaveT wyvilebSi: cxrilSi mocemulia si-

tyvebi teqstidan „mijaWvuli promeTe“. daiyaviT sityvebi, dawereT mocemuli
sityvebisaTvis msgavsi mniSvnelobis sinonimebi Sesabamis grafaSi. Semdeg ims-
Co
jeleT:
romeli sinonimi gamoxatavs msgavs mniSvnelobas:
romeli sinonimebia absoluturi sinonimebi, anu romeli sityvebi gamoxat-
avs zustad msgavs mniSvnelobas?
daukvirdiT, SeiZleba Tu ara sinonimuri erTeulebis daubrkoleblad
Canacvleba konteqstSi?

si­no­ni­me­bis mo­Zie­bi­sas Se­giZ­liaT, daix­ma­roT ori leq­si­ko­ni:

n't
al. nei­ma­ni, qar­Tul si­no­nim­Ta leq­si­ko­ni, Tb. 1978;
k. jor­ja­ne­li, qar­Tul si­no­nim­Ta vrce­li leq­si­ko­ni, Tb. 2003

pirquSi
Do

motitvlebuli

bumberazi

mrisxane

sibraluli

mkacri

kuSti

sazareli

kaeSani

urCi

28
sastiki

risxva

sZuls

cbieri

motyueba

dakvra

tanjva

dardi

py
dasrulda

amayi

grZneuli

brZeni

Sewyaleba

naRvliani
Co
qvelmoqmedeba

Zala
n't
brZeni

sneuli

umweo

amxiarulebs
Do

elda

ulmobeli

bediswera

1. Tqven uk­ve Seis­wav­leT sa­xe­le­bi da zmna. iciT, gra­ma­ti­kis ro­me­li dar­gi

Seis­wav­lis met­yve­le­bis na­wi­lebs?
2. dauk­vir­diT qve­moT mo­ce­mul cxrils da im­sje­leT gra­ma­ti­kis dar­ge­bis
Se­sa­xeb.
3. Tqven­Tvis sa­sur­ve­li ro­me­li­me na­war­moe­bi­dan amoi­we­reT ram­de­ni­me wi­na­
da­de­ba. im­sje­leT, ro­gor SeiZ­le­ba ga­ni­mar­tos wi­na­da­de­ba? ra SeiZ­le­ba
CaiT­va­los wi­na­da­de­bad?

29
 5 sintaqsuri damokidebulebis saxeebi

? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi
1. ro­gorc uk­ve iciT, sin­taq­si Seis­wav­lis wi­na­da­de­bas, ase­ve sit­yva­Ta da­
kav­Si­re­bis we­sebs wi­na­da­de­ba­Si. ro­gor fiq­robT, aris Tu ara uf­ro mci­re
er­Teu­li, ro­me­lic sin­taq­sis Ses­wav­lis sa­gans war­moad­gens?
2. ro­gor da ra sa­Sua­le­biT ukav­Sir­de­ba sit­yve­bi er­Tma­neTs?
3. avi­RoT wi­na­da­de­ba: „pro­me­Tem cxe­ni et­lSi Sea­ba.“ Se­giZ­liaT wi­na­da­de­ba­Si
ga­mo­yoT im sit­yva­Ta wyvi­le­bi, rom­le­bic er­Tma­neTs ukav­Sir­de­bian ro­
gorc for­mob­ri­va­d ise Si­naar­sob­ri­vad?

py
gan­xil­vam­de
wai­kiT­xeT wi­na­da­de­ba: did­ma pro­me­Tem mou­ta­na ada­mia­nebs cec­xli.
ram­den wyvils ga­mo­yof­diT am wi­na­da­de­ba­Si?
ro­gor ukav­Sir­de­ba Ti­Toeul wyvil­Si sit­yve­bi er­Tma­neTs?
ra ga­nas­xva­vebs am wyvi­leb­Si sit­yva­Ta da­kav­Si­re­bis xer­xebs?
Co
sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

sintaqsuri kavSiri
winadadebis wevrebs Soris arsebobs garkveuli azrobrivi da formobrivi mi­
mar­Teba, anu sityvebi erTmaneTs garkveuli wesebiT ukavSirdebian. am mimarTebas
sin­taqsuri kavSiri hqvia. sintaqsur kavSirSi Semaval sityvebs sintaqsuri wyvili
ewo­deba.
n't
daimaxsovreT:
winadadebaSi ramdeni wevricaa, imdenive wyvilia erTis gamoklebiT. magaliTad,
Tu winadadebaSi ori wevria, sintaqsuri wyvili iqneba erTi; Tu winadadebaSi
sami wevria, sintaqsuri wyvili iqneba _ ori, Tu xuTi wevria, maSin _ oTxi da ase
Semdeg.
Do

sanimuSod aviRoT winadadeba:

mirian mefe sanadirod wavida.
am winadadebaSi oTxi wevria, sintaqsuri wyvili ki iqneba sami:
mirian mefe
mefe wavida
sanadirod wavida

savarjiSoebi analizisaTvis:
amoiwereT rveulSi ramdenime winadadeba Tqven mier Seswavlili an Sesaswavli
teq­stidan, CamowereT sintaqsuri wyvilebi da gansazRvreT sintaqsuri damoki­
de­bulebis saxeebi.

30
 sintaqsuri damokidebulebis saxeebi
winadadebis wevrebs Soris sxvadasxva damokidebuleba SeiZleba arsebobdes:

SeTanxmeba marTva mirTva

ro­ca ori sit­yva er­Tma­
neTs Seew­yo­ba brun­va­sa
da ric­xvSi.
ma­ga­li­Tad:
ma­Ral­ma kac­ma _ Se­Tan­xme­
baa, rad­gan sit­yve­bi er­
Tma­neTs ew­yo­ba brun­va­Si;
ro­ca er­Ti sit­yva moiT­
xovs meo­ri­sa­gan gar­kve­
u­li brun­vis for­mas.
ma­ga­li­Tad:
aguris saxli, an daniT
daW­rili _ ori­ ve ma­
ga­
liT­Si er­Ti sit­yva mo­iT­
ro­ca sit­yve­bi mxo­lod
az­rob­ri­vad ew­yo­ba er­
Tma­neTs.
mir­Tva Zi­ri­Ta­dad for­ma­­
uc­vlel sit­yveb­Tan, anu
zmni­ze­das­Tan gvxvde­ba:
Za­lian kar­gi, gu­Sin wvim­

stu­den­teb­ma ga­daw­yvi­tes
_ ase­ve Se­Tan­xme­baa, rad­
gan sit­yve­bi er­Tma­neTs
ew­yo­ba ric­xvSi.
Tu stu­den­te­bi mxo­lo­
biT­Si iq­ne­ba, mxo­lo­biT­
Co
Si ga­da­va zmnac.
py
xovs meo­ris­gan gar­kve­ul
brun­vas, esaa na­Te­sao­bi­
Ti an moq­me­de­bi­Ti brun­
va, anu er­Ti sit­yva mar­
Tavs meo­res brun­va­Si.
da, xval mo­ val _ am
wyvil­Si pir­ve­li sit­yva
for­mauc­vle­lia, ami­tom
xde­ba mxo­lod az­rob­ri­
vi Sew­yo­ ba da ara for­
mob­ri­vi.

sa­var­ji­Soe­bi ana­li­zi­saT­vis:

daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul winadadebas:

levanma qaRaldis xelsaxocze telefonis nomeri dawera.
winadadebaSi eqvsi wevria, sintaqsuri wyvili ki xuTi unda iyos:
n't
1. levanma dawera 2. nomeri dawera 3. xelsaxocze dawera
4. qaRaldis xelsaxocze 5. telefonis nomeri.
erTad vimsjeloT:
SesaZlebelia Tu ara sintaqsur wyvils qmnides nebismieri erTeulebi? rogor
fiqrobT, ratom?
Do

daimaxsovreT: sintaqsuri wyvilis Semadgenel sityvebs Soris unda arsebobdes

rogorc for­mobrivi, ise Sinaarsobrivi kavSiri da bunebrivi unda iyos eni­sTvis.
sintaqsuri wyvili aris umartivesi sintaqsuri erTeuli, romelSic arsebobs
azrobrivi da formobrivi kavSiri. amitom nebismier sityvaTa SeerTeba sintaq­
sur wyvils ver Seqmnis.
sintaqsuri wyvili xSirad calkec gamoiyeneba saTaurebad, dasaxelebebSi, sa-
leqsikono formebad da is garkveul Sinaarss moicavs.
magaliTad, sintaqsuri wyvilebi, da amave dros dasaxelebebia: bavSvTa sam-
yaro, qalTa bedniereba, qvis saxli, puris saxli, silamazis saloni, sursaTis
maRazia, qalTa dRe, bavSvTa dRe, damoukideblobis dRe, axali weli...
saTaurebi: „oTaraanT qvrivi“, „mgzavris werilebi“, „namwyemsaris mogonebebi“,
„didostatis marjvena“...
frazeologizmebi: aqilevsis qusli, ariadnes Zafi, sizifes Sroma...

31
 6 Semasmeneli

? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi
1. gaix­se­neT zmna da zmnas­Tan Sew­yo­bi­li pi­re­bi? ra ewo­de­ba am pi­rebs?
2. ram­de­ni pi­ri SeiZ­le­ba iyos zmnas­Tan Sew­yo­bi­li?
3. ro­gor ai­sa­xe­ba es pi­re­bi zmnis for­ma­Si?

. gan­xil­vam­de
dauk­vir­diT qve­moT mo­ce­mul sqe­mas: im­sje­leT, wi­na­da­de­bis mTa­var wev­reb­
ze, zmnas­Tan Sew­yo­bil pi­reb­sa da maT fun­qcia­ze sin­taq­sSi.

py
winadadebis wevrebi

Co mTavari wevrebi

Semasmeneli qvemdebare pirdapiri iribi damateba

damateba
gamoxatulia subieqtis pirdapiri iribi obieqtis
zmniT Sesabamisi obieqtis Sesabamisi
saxeli Sesabamisi saxeli
n't
saxeli

sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

winadadebis mTavari wevrebi:

Do

Semasmeneli
Semasmeneli aris wi­na­da­de­bis wev­ri, ro­me­lic ga­mo­xa­tavs sag­nis moq­me­de­bas an
mdgo­ma­reo­bas. Se­mas­me­ne­li SeiZ­le­ba iyos mar­ti­vi an Sed­ge­ni­li..
mar­ti­vi Se­mas­me­ne­li gad­mo­ce­mu­lia zmnis for­miT. SeiZ­le­ba zmna meS­vel­zmnia­
ni iyos, mag­ram igi mainc mar­tiv Se­mas­men­lad iT­vle­ba.
ase­Te­bia: gav­zrdil­var, vuy­var­var, das­wre­bi­xar, Se­wu­xe­bul­xar...
Sed­ge­ni­li Se­mas­me­ne­li ori for­mi­sa­gan Sed­ge­ba: er­Tia sa­xe­lo­biT brun­va­Si
mdga­ri sit­yva (ar­se­bi­Ti, zed­sar­Ta­vi, ric­xvi­Ti, nac­val­sa­xe­li, sa­xel­zmna, saw­yi­si
an mim­Reo­ba), xo­lo meo­re _ meS­ve­li zmna.
meS­ve­li zmne­bia: var, viq­ne­bi, vi­ya­vi, maqvs, myavs da ram­de­ni­me sxva zmna: gax­la­
var, gax­da, ga­mod­ga, brZan­de­bi, dar­Ca, hgo­nia. aris for­ma SeiZ­le­ba Seik­ve­cos da
daer­Tos wi­na­da­de­bis sxva­das­xva wevrs.

32
magaliTad:

Saqari tkbilia. tkbilia Sed­ge­ni­li Se­mas­me­ne­lia: Sed­ge­ba sa­xe­lo­

biT brun­va­Si mdga­ri zed­sar­Ta­vi sa­xe­li­sa da aris
zmnis Sek­ve­ci­li for­mi­sa­gan.

Cemi megobari universi­ Sed­ge­ni­li Se­nas­me­ne­lia -a wa­su­li: -a meS­ve­li zmnis

tetSia wasuli. Sek­ve­ci­li for­maa, ro­me­lic uer­Tde­ba wi­na­da­de­
bis sxva wevrs, xo­lo wa­su­li sa­xe­lo­biT brun­va­Si
das­mu­li sa­xel­zmnaa.

Tqven metad pativsacemi Sed­ge­ni­li Se­mas­me­ne­lia ada­mia­ni brZan­de­biT. igi

adamiani brZandebiT. Sed­ge­ba sa­xe­lo­biT brun­va­Si das­mu­li sa­xe­la­di na­
wi­li­sa­gan _ ada­mia­ni _ da brZan­de­bi meS­ve­li zmni­

py
sa­gan.

Se­ja­me­ba q
ki­dev er­Txel daak­vir­diT sqe­mas, ro­mel­Sic asa­xu­lia mar­ti­vi da Sed­ge­ni­li
Se­mas­men­lis ni­mu­Se­bi da Tqven Ta­vad Sea­ja­meT sa­kiT­xi msje­lo­biT:
Co Se­mas­me­ne­li

mar­ti­vi Se­mas­me­ne­li Sed­ge­ni­li Se­mas­me­ne­li

moq­me­de­ba _ wers sa­xe­lo­bi­Ti brun­vis for­ma +
n't

mdgo­ma­reo­ba _ we­ria var,

mi­mar­Te­ba _ awe­ria aris (>-a),
iq­ne­ba,
kuT­vni­le­ba-­da­niS­nu­le­ba _
iyo,
mi­we­ria, mi­wers, vu­wer
Do

aqvs,
ra mos­dis sa­gans _ iwe­re­ba
hyavs,
moq­me­de­ba­Si sxva pi­ris gax­lavs,
Car­Tva _ awe­ri­nebs gax­da,
su­bieq­ti­sa da obieq­tis ga­mod­ga,
po­zi­cia _ vwer, mwers; brZan­de­bi,

zmnis meS­vel­zmnia­ni for­ma _ dar­Ca,

da­we­ri­li­yo; hgo­nia,
gav­zrdil­var, Cans,
das­wre­bi­xar, aR­moC­nda
gav­zrdi­li­ya­vi

33
 me mas­wav­le­be­li var.
is mwe­ra­lia.
ma­ria­mi ga­xa­re­bu­li iyo.
mes Cve­ni mos­wav­le gax­lavT.
bav­Svi Za­lian Se­Si­ne­bu­li
iyo.
es Cve­ni axa­li mas­wav­le­be­
li brZan­­de­ba.
es bi­Wi mar­Ta­li Cans.
as am­ba­vi tyui­li aR­moC­nda.

py
praq­ti­ku­li sa­var­ji­Soe­bi

wai­kiT­xeT qve­moT mo­ce­mu­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi da aR­niS­neT, ro­me­lia mar­ti­vi Se­mas­

me­ne­li da ro­me­li _ Sed­ge­ni­li Se­mas­me­ne­li.
1. pa­ta­ra bi­Wi Se­Si­ne­bu­li iyo da xmas ver reb­da.
Co
2. gu­ra­mi ax­la so­fel­Si iyo da Ta­vis ax­lob­lebs stum­rob­da.
3. eli­sa­be­di jer ki­dev bav­Svi iyo, ro­ca eqi­mo­ba­ze oc­ne­bob­da.
4. me ax­la daR­li­li var da ami­tom co­ta das­ve­ne­ba mWir­de­ba.
5. biWs sa­ye­lo hqon­da aweu­li da Ta­vi Zirs dae­xa­ra.
6. ime­dia, Tqven ax­la ise daR­li­li ar xarT, rom Se­kiT­xveb­ze ver mi­pa­su­xoT.
7. Tqven ra saq­me­ze brZan­de­biT mo­su­li?
8. es axal­gaz­rda qa­li Za­lian kar­gi mas­wav­le­be­li aR­moC­nda da mi­siT yve­la
n't
kma­yo­fi­lia.
9. me ax­la Tbi­lis­Si ar gax­la­varT da ami­tom Tqven­Tan mos­vlas ver mo­va­xer­
xeb.
10. qal­ba­to­ni ru­su­da­ni brwyin­va­le pe­da­go­gi gax­lavT da mas sko­lis sxva pe­
da­go­ge­bic da mas­wav­leb­le­bic Za­lian kar­gad axa­sia­Te­ben.


Do

gra­ma­ti­kul cod­nas va­mow­mebT teq­steb­ze

amoi­we­reT li­te­ra­tu­ris sa­xel­mZRva­ne­los ro­me­li­me teq­sti­dan xu­Ti mar­ti­vi

Se­mas­men­li­sa da xu­Ti Sed­ge­ni­li Se­mas­men­lis Sem­cve­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi da im­sje­leT
Ti­Toeu­li maT­ga­nis Se­sa­xeb.

 rogor vweroT ukeTesad

Se­mas­me­nel­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­lia mar­Tlwe­ris ram­de­ni­me sa­kiT­xi:

mar­tiv Se­mas­men­lad iT­vle­ba ro­gorc meS­vel­zmnia­ni for­me­bi, ise rTu­li zmne­
bi. ase­Ti for­me­bi er­Tad iwe­re­ba: cxad­yofs, xel­yofs, uz­run­vel­yofs, gul­Se­mat­
kiv­robs, qed­maR­lobs, Suam­dgom­lobs, Seu­rac­xyofs...
Tu rTu­li fu­Zis Se­mad­gen­lad meS­ve­li zmnaa, ma­Sin pi­ris ni­Sa­ni meSvel zmnas
da­er­Tvis. swo­ri for­me­bia: cxad­vyof, uar­vyof, na­Tel­vyof, uar­miy­via, uar­giy­via,
uk­vdav­vyof, Seu­rac­xvyof.
34
 rTu­li zmnis zmnur na­wil­Tan iwe­re­ba pi­ris ni­Sa­ni Sem­deg for­meb­Si: Ta­na­vug­
rZnob, Ta­na­mig­rZnobs, uku­vag­deb, uku­gag­debs, uku­mag­debs, xel­me­wi­fe­ba, xel­ge­wi­
fe­ba, xel­gve­wig­fe­ba...
im rTu­li zmneb­Si, rom­leb­sac meo­re na­wi­lad ar aqvT meS­ve­li zmna, pi­ris ni­
Sa­ni Tav­Si dai­we­re­ba: vTav­ka­cob, va­vad­myo­fob, vsul­dgmu­lob, vgul­Se­mat­kiv­rob,
vTa­nam­Srom­lob, vSuam­dgom­lob, vTval­Tmaq­cob, vTav­ka­cob, vwi­nam­ZRo­lob...
zo­gierT meS­vel­zmnian for­ma­Si pir­ve­li pi­ris ni­Sa­ni Tav­Sic aris dar­Tu­li
da Cans meS­vel zmna­Sic: vuy­var­var, vu­zi­var, vud­ga­var, gav­zrdil­var, av­Rel­ve­bul­
var...
Tu Sed­ge­ni­li Se­mas­men­lis sa­xe­la­di na­wi­li mrav­lo­biT ric­xvSia da su­lie­ri
sa­xe­li­Ta war­mod­ge­ni­li, ar SeiZ­le­ba mas­ze aris zmnis Sek­ve­ci­li for­mis dar­
Tva, rad­gan ik­ve­ce­ba mxo­lo­bi­Ti ric­xvis for­ma, xo­lo mrav­lo­biT ric­xvSi arian

py
sru­li for­miT un­da dai­we­ros: am­de­nad, swo­ria: isi­ni kar­gi ada­mia­ne­bi arian. ana
da ma­ria­mi mos­wav­lee­bi arian. mag­ram usu­lo sa­xel­Tan es Se­saZ­le­be­lia: ca­ze Sa­vi
Rrub­le­bia. es mSve­nie­ri leq­se­bia.

praq­ti­ku­li sa­var­ji­Soe­bi

gadaiwereT winadadebebi da gaasworeT Secdomebi. imsjeleT yoveli Secdomis

Sesaxeb:
Co
1. me yo­vel­Tvis vu­Ta­nag­rZnob im ada­mia­nebs, vi­sac es sWir­de­ba.
2. es sko­la, sam­wu­xa­rod, ver uz­run­vel yofs karg ga­naT­le­bas.
3. san­dro da Tor­ni­ke kon­ser­va­to­riis stu­den­te­bia.
4. me anas Za­lian uy­var­var da mec miy­vars.
5. sa­lo­me da ni­ni Ce­mi Ta­nak­la­se­le­bia.
n't
6. cu­di ram mox­da da me gi­Ta­nag­rZnob.
7. Cven am kom­pa­nias­Tan uk­ve sa­mi we­lia Ta­nam­Srom­lobT.
8. me gver­dSi ud­ga­var Cems me­gob­rebs da isi­nic ase arian Cem mi­marT.
9. me Suam­gom­lob gior­gis sko­lis ad­mi­nis­tra­cias­Tan.
10. Tqve­ni qce­va me Za­lian Seu­raw­myofs, gTxovT, ama­ze da­fiq­rdeT!
Do

11. vinc me mi­Ta­nag­rZnobs, mec imas vu­Ta­nag­rZnob.

12. me cud ga­re­mo­Si ar gaz­rdil­var da ami­tom bav­Svo­bi­dan bev­ri kar­gi mo­
go­ne­ba maqvs.
13. Tqve­ni sit­yve­bis ga­mo nam­dvi­lad ar aRel­ve­bul­var.
14. ver vuar­yof, Tqve­ni sit­yve­bi Za­lian mew­yi­na!
15. Cven yo­vel­Tvis gul­Se­mat­kiv­robT qar­Tul fex­burTs, Tum­ca yo­vel­Tvis
ver gva­xa­re­ben.
2. dauk­vir­diT swor for­mebs da Sead­gi­neT aTi wi­na­da­de­ba ma­Ti ga­mo­ye­ne­biT.

35
 7 qvem­de­ba­re

? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi
1. gaix­se­neT, ra aris su­bieq­ti?
2. ra axa­sia­Tebs su­bieq­tur pirs?
3. gaix­se­neT gar­da­ma­va­li da gar­dau­va­li zmna, ro­gor daa­xa­sia­TebT am zmneb­
Tan Sew­yo­bil su­bieqts?

. gan­xil­vam­de
dauk­vir­diT qve­moT mo­ce­mul cxrils da im­sje­leT:

py
we­ri­li iwe­re­ba. we­ri­li dai­we­ra. we­ri­li da­we­ri­la,

ma­ria­mi we­rils wers. ma­riam­ma we­ri­li da­we­ra. ma­riams we­ri­li dau­we­ria.

ma­ria­mi de­das we­rils ma­riam­ma de­das we­ri­li ma­riams we­ri­li miu­we­ria

swers. Co mis­we­ra. de­dis­Tvis.

sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

qvem­de­ba­re wi­na­da­de­bis mTa­va­ri wev­ria, zmnis su­bieq­tur pirs See­sa­ba­me­ba da

zmna-­Se­mas­men­liT ga­mo­xa­tul moq­me­de­bas as­ru­lebs. mi­si kiT­xve­bia: vin? ra?
qvem­de­ba­re Zi­ri­Ta­dad gad­moi­ce­ma sa­xe­liT, sa­xel­zmniT, iS­via­Tad sxva met­yve­
le­bis na­wi­li­Tac da zog­jer Se­sit­yve­bi­Tac:

ar­se­bi­Ti sa­xe­liT: bi­Wi burTs Ta­ma­Sobs.

n't

zed­sar­Ta­vi sa­xe­liT: ma­Ral­ma Cem­ken ga­moi­xe­da.

ric­xvi­Ti sa­xe­liT: er­Tma meo­res ra­Rac uT­xra.

nac­val­sa­xe­liT: Cven sko­lis ezo­Si vi­de­qiT.

Do

saw­yi­siT: xat­vam Za­lian dam­Ra­la.

mim­Reo­biT: mZi­na­re uceb ga­mof­xiz­lda.

na­wi­la­kiT: mis­ma aram gu­li dam­wyvi­ta.

kav­Si­riT: am­de­ni mag­ram uaz­ro­baa, ga­daw­yve­ti­le­ba mii­Re!

So­ris­de­bu­liT: bav­Svis vai­mem yve­la mis­ken mia­xe­da.

Se­sit­yve­biT: Sa­vi zRva da­sav­le­Ti­dan esaz­Rvre­ba sa­qar­Tve­los.

„ka­cia _ ada­mia­ni?!“ ilia Wav­Wa­va­Zis moT­xro­baa.
qvem­de­ba­ris brun­va da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia zmna-­Se­mas­me­nel­ze. qvem­de­ba­re SeiZ­le­ba
iyos sa­xe­lo­biT­Si, moT­xro­biT­Si an mi­ce­miT brun­veb­Si, Tu qvem­de­ba­re I da II nac­
val­sa­xe­li­Taa ga­mo­xa­tu­li, mi­si brun­vis dad­ge­na mxo­lod ar­se­bi­Ti sa­xe­lis Ca­nac­
vle­biT SeiZ­le­ba:
36
 me miv­di­var sko­la­Si. Sen mi­di­xar sax­lSi. _ bav­Svi
me mo­vi­ta­ne wig­ne­bi. Sen moi­ta­ne rveu­le­bi. _ bav­Svma
me ar mo­mi­ta­nia rveu­le­bi. Sen ar mo­gi­ta­nia wig­ne­bi. _ bavSvs
Cven varT sko­la­Si. Tqven xarT ezo­Si. _ bav­Sve­bi
Cven dav­we­reT Txzu­le­ba. Tqven da­we­reT tes­ti. _ bav­Sveb­ma
Cven ar dag­vi­we­ria tes­ti. Tqven ar da­gi­we­riaT Txzu­le­ba. _ bav­Svebs

brZa­ne­biT wi­na­da­de­ba­Si sa­xe­li SeiZ­le­ba war­mod­ge­ni­li iyos wo­de­bi­Ti brun­vis

for­miT. am­gvar wi­na­da­de­ba­Si qvem­de­ba­red igu­lis­xme­ba Se­sa­ba­mi­si pi­ris nac­val­
sa­xe­li da ara wo­de­biT brun­va­Si das­mu­li sa­xe­li, rad­gan qvem­de­ba­re mxo­lod sam
brun­va­Si SeiZ­le­ba iyos, wo­de­biT brun­va­Si das­mu­li sa­xe­li ki mi­mar­Tvis for­maa.

py
bav­Sve­bo, nu xmau­robT! _ bav­Sve­bo mi­mar­Tvaa, qvem­de­ba­rea Tqven.

Se­ja­me­ba q
qvem­de­ba­ris da­xa­sia­Te­bis (gaa­na­li­ze­bis) ni­mu­Se­bi

gogona skamze ijda.

arsebiTi saxeliT.
mosulma yvela uxmod
daaTvaliera.
Co
gogona aris qvemdebare, gamoxatulia

mosulma aris qvemdebare, gamoxatulia

saxelzmniT, kerZod, mimReobiT.

praqtikuli savarjiSo
ipo­veT wi­na­da­de­ba­Si Se­mas­me­ne­li da qvem­de­ba­re, da­a­xa­si­a­TeT isi­ni sin­taq­su­
n't
rad da mor­fo­lo­gi­u­rad:
1. sa­Ra­mos si­ci­vem Za­li­an Se­a­wu­xa qa­li.
2. axal­gazr­da po­e­tis leq­s­ma yve­la aRaf­r­To­va­na.
3. mom­Re­ra­li ro­me­li­Rac ucxo­ur sim­Re­ras mRe­ro­da.
4. Wri­Wi­ne­bi ga­u­Ta­veb­lad Wri­Wi­neb­d­nen.
Do

5. le­van­ma mo­xucs xe­li moh­ki­da da ga­reT ga­iy­va­na.

6. me­fis ama­la Cu­mad id­ga da brZa­ne­bas elo­da.
7. stu­den­teb­ma mTis fer­dob­ze ga­Sa­les kar­ve­bi.
8. go­go­ne­bi dro­dad­ro xma­maR­la ici­nod­nen.

rogor vweroT ukeTesad 

qvem­de­ba­res­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­lia mar­Tlwe­ris ram­de­ni­me sa­kiT­xi:
qvemdebare da Semasmeneli erTmaneTs eTanxmeba ricxvSi;
Tu qvemdebare mxolobiTi ricxvis formiTaa gadmocemuli, Semasmenelic mx-
olobiT ricxvSi SeuTanxmdeba mas: SaSvi galobs.
Tu qvemdebare sulieri arsebiTi saxeliTaa gadmocemuli da mravlobiT ricx-
vSia, maSin Semasmenelic mravlobiTi ricxvis formiT iqneba warmodgenili:
bavSvebi xmauroben.
37
 Tu qvemdebare usulo saxeliTaa gadmocemuli, Semasmeneli mas SeiZleba
SeuTanxmdes ricxvSi da SeiZleba — ara; Tu zmna moqmedebiTi gvarisaa, anu
zmna aqtiuria, maSin ZiriTadad xdeba SeTanxmeba, Tu vnebiTi gvarisaa — ara.
ricxvSi SeTanxmeba xdeba maSin, Tu sulieris Tvisebebi gadatanilia usuloze
(gapirovnebisas):
am sityvebma guli atkines barbares.
foTlebma CurCuli daiwyes.
caze Savi Rrublebi gamoCnda.
Tu qvemdebare narTanian mravlobiTSia, maSin Semasmeneli mas aucileblad
SeuTanxmdeba ricxvSi: „Tergi rbis, Tergi Rrialebs, kldeni bans eubnebian.“
Tu qvemdebare gadmocemulia krebiTi saxeliT, mas Semasmeneli mxolobiT
ricxvSi Seewyoba: xalxi amoZravda. axalgazrdoba modis.

py
Tu qvemdebare orcnebiani kompozitiTaa gadmocemuli, mas Semasmeneli mxo­
lo­biTi ricxvis formiT Seewyoba: col-qmari movida. da-Zma kargad mReris.

praq­ti­ku­li sa­var­ji­Soe­bi

gadaiwereT winadadebebi da CasviT zmna-Semasmeneli swori formiT:

Co
1. Cemi fanjris win Wadris xeebi ..................................... (dgas).
2. vin icis, raze ........................ Wadris xeebi mTvarian RameSi! (CurCulebs)
3. zRvis talRebi damcav jebirs ..................................... (exeTqeboda).
4. am gazafxulis mSvid saRamos TiTqos yvavilebic siyvarulze ................
..................... (mesaubreba).
5. es xeoba saxifaTo zonaa, kldeebi ..................................... da saSiSroebas
............. mosaxleobas (iSleba, uqmnis).
n't
6. Tvaluwvdeneli simaRlis kldeebi TiTqos cas xeliT ................ (exeba).
7. wels naadrevi Semodgomaa, xeebs foTlebi ukve ............. ...... (scviva).
8. qarian amindSi foTlebi TiTqos raRacas ....................... (dudunebs).
9. patara kordze lurjTvala iebi ..................................... (amosuliyo).
10. „isev ..................................... mdelo da kordi, davdivar, vwuxvar da
Do

menaneba...“ (amwvanda).
11. lurjTvala iebi dedoflebiviT ..................................... da .....................
................ (morTula, mokazmula).
12. am gazafxulze mdinareebi ....................................., rasac wyaldidoba
mohyva (adidda).
13. tyeSi mglebi ................................ (Rmuoda)
14. cas Savi, saavdro Rrublebi ................................ (gadaekra)
15. misma sityvebma Zalian ................................ (damafiqra)
16. yvelaferi miyuCda, TiTqos mTebmac ................................ (daiZina)
17. dReebi Zalian swrafad ................................ (gadis)
18. mdinaris napiras lamazi tirifebi ................................ (idga)
19. TiTqos lodebic ki TavisTan ................................ sasubrod (miwvevda)
20. cota xanSi sofelSi produqtiT datvirTuli manqanebi ..........(Semovida)
38
 8 pirdapiri da iribi damatebebi

mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi ?
1. gaixseneT zmnasTan Sewyobili obieqturi pirebi.
2. ra saxis aris obieqturi pirebi?
3. rogor ganirCeva isini erTmaneTisgan?

gan­xil­vam­de .
daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul cxrils da imsjeleT:

py
werili iwereba. werili daiwera. werili dawerila.

mariami werils wers. mariamma werili dawera. mariams werili dauweria.

mariami dedas werils mariamma dedas werili mariams werili miuweria

swers. miswera. dedisTvis.

sakiTxis analizi
Co
pirdapiri da iribi damatebebi Seesabameba zmnis pirdapir da irib subieqtur
pirebs. pirdapiri damateba SeiZleba iyos micemiTsa da saxelobiT brunvebSi,
iribi damateba ki yovelTvis micemiT brunvaSia.
damatebebi imave metyvelebis nawilebiT gamoixateba, romlebiTac gadmoicema
qvemdebare da igive kiTxvebi daesmis, rac qvemdebares: vin? ra? vis? ras?
imisaTvis, rom gavigoT damateba pirdapiria Tu iribi, imave wess viyenebT,
n't
romelsac obieqturi piris dadgenisas viyenebdiT: ra qna? kiTxvaze pirdapiri
damateba saxelobiT brunvaSi gadava, xolo iribi damateba isev micemiT brunvaSi
iqneba. mesame seriis formebTan irbi damateba dairTavs -Tvis Tandebuls, aRar
Seewyoba zmna-Semasmenels pirad da gadaiqceva ubralo damatebad.

Sejameba q
Do

damateba orgvaria: pirdapiri da iribi. pirdapiri damateba Seesabameba zmnis

pirdapir obieqtur pirs, iribi damateba _ irib obieqtur pirs.

arwivma frTebi gaSala. frTebi pirdapiri damatebaa, radgan igi Seesa-

bameba zmnis pirdapir obieqtur pirs (gaSala man
is). gamoxatulia arsebiTi saxeliT. pirdapiri
damateba micemiTSi (pirveli seriis zmnasTan) an
saxelobiTSia (meore seriis zmnasTan)

mTvare Rrubels moefara. Rrubels iribi damatebaa, radgan is mnis

irib obieqtur pirs Seesabameba (moefara is
mas). gamoxatulia arsebiTi saxeliT. iribi
damateba yovelTvis micemiT brunvaSia.

39
 guramma Zalian Tbili we­ guramma qvemdebarea.
rili miswera ded-mamas. werili pirdapiri damatebaa.
ded-mamas iribi damatebaa.

savarjiSoebi analizisaTvis:
teq­sti­dan amoi­we­reT ram­de­ni­me wi­na­da­de­ba, ga­mo­ya­viT wi­na­da­de­bis mTa­va­ri
wev­re­bi da gaar­CieT wi­na­da­de­ba mo­ce­mu­li ni­mu­Sis mi­xed­viT:

gu­ram­ma me­rabs ra­Rac hkiT­xa

hkiT­xa _ aris mar­ti­vi Se­mas­me­ne­li, ga­mo­xa­tu­lia zmnis pi­ria­ni for­miT,

sam­pi­ria­ni: hkiT­xa man mas is, man su­bieq­tia, mi­si ni­Sa­nia _ a; mas iri­bi obieq­

py
tia, mi­si ni­Sa­nia h- Tav­sar­Ti, is pir­da­pi­ri obieq­tia, mas ni­Sa­ni ara aqvs; zmna
gar­da­ma­va­lia, moq­me­de­bi­Ti gva­ris, qce­va saar­vi­so, dro war­su­li, as­peq­ti
sru­li, daes­mis kiT­xva: ra qna? aris meo­re se­riis, wyve­ti­lis mwkri­vis for­ma:
h-kiT­x-a.
gu­ram­ma _ aris qvem­de­ba­re, ga­mo­xa­tu­lia ar­se­bi­Ti sa­xe­liT, Si­naar­sis mi­
Co
xed­viT vin jgu­fis, sa­ku­Ta­ri, kon­kre­tu­li. fu­Zis mi­xed­viT Tan­xmo­van­fu­Zia­
ni, ukum­Sve­li. aris moT­xro­biT brun­va­Si: gu­ram­-ma.
me­rabs _ iri­bi da­ma­te­baa, ga­mo­xa­tu­lia ar­se­bi­Ti sa­xe­liT, Si­naar­sis mi­
xed­viT vin jgu­fis, sa­ku­Ta­ri, kon­kre­tu­li. fu­Zis mi­xed­viT Tan­xmo­van­fu­Zia­
ni, ukum­Sve­li. aris mi­ce­miT brun­va­Si: me­rab-s.
ra­Rac _ pir­da­pi­ri da­ma­te­baa, ga­mo­xa­tu­lia ga­nu­saz­Rvre­lo­bi­Ti nac­val­
n't
sa­xe­liT, Tan­xmo­van­fu­Zia­ni, sa­xe­lo­bi­Ti brun­va.

praqtikuli savarjiSoebi

da­a­xa­si­a­TeT wi­na­da­de­bis mTa­va­ri wev­re­bi:

1. ni­ka ga­o­ce­bu­li dah­yu­reb­da ax­laxan mo­sul we­rils.
Do

2. Tbi­li ni­a­vi sa­si­a­mov­nod ela­mu­ne­bo­da go­go­nas sa­xes da Tmebs uwe­wav­da.

3. bav­S­ve­bi usityvod da­e­mor­Cil­nen de­das.
4. go­go­ne­bi er­T­ma­neTs mi­e­sal­m­nen da dar­baz­Si Se­vid­nen.
5. le­van­ma anas Wi­qa Sam­pa­nu­riT Se­uv­so.
6. pa­ta­ra go­go­na mSvidi sa­xiT an­Teb­da san­T­lebs.
7. bi­Wi mTe­li Za­liT aw­ve­bo­da urems da Zlivs mi­a­go­reb­da.
8. na­Tia ati­re­bul bavSvs am­S­vi­deb­da.
9. mo­xu­ci da­fiq­re­bu­li gah­yu­reb­da gzas.
10. stum­re­bi la­ma­zad gawyo­bil suf­ras mi­us­x­d­nen.
11. varskvlavebma Tvalebi daxuWes.
12. gogonam ekrans Tvali veRar moaSora.

40
 rogor vweroT ukeTesad

da­ma­te­bi­sa da Se­mas­men­lis ric­xvSi Sew­yo­bis sa­kiT­xi:


Tu pir­da­pi­ri an iri­bi da­ma­te­ba gad­mo­ce­mu­lia I pi­ris nac­val­sa­xe­liT, igi
Se­i­Tan­xmebs zmna-­Se­mas­me­nels ric­xvSi:
mex­ma­re­ba is me _ gvex­ma­re­ba is Cven.
mwers is me mas _ gvwers is Cven mas.
II pi­ris nac­val­sa­xe­liT gad­mo­ce­mu­li da­ma­te­ba Se­mas­me­nels ric­xvSi iTan­xmebs
ma­Sin, ro­ca qvem­de­ba­re mxo­lo­biT­Sia. Tu qvem­de­ba­re mrav­lo­bi­Tis for­miT aris
war­mod­ge­ni­li, ma­Sin qvem­de­ba­re Sei­Tan­xmebs zmna-­Se­mas­me­nels ric­xvSi. sin­taq­su­
rad qvem­de­ba­re uf­ro Zlie­ria, vid­re da­ma­te­ba.

py
me­go­ba­ri we­rils gwers Sen. _ me­go­ba­ri we­rils gwerT Tqven.
me­gob­re­bi gwe­ren Sen. _ me­gob­re­bi gwe­ren Tqven.
III pi­ris for­mas­Tan pir­da­pi­ri da­ma­te­ba ver iTan­xmebs ric­xvSi Se­mas­me­nels, xo­
lo iri­bi da­ma­te­ba mxo­lod ma­Sin iTan­xmebs, Tu qvem­de­ba­re mxo­lo­biT ric­xvSia.Tu
qvem­de­ba­re mrav­lo­biT­Sia, ma­Sin is Sei­Tan­xmebs zmna-­Se­mas­me­nels, rad­gan sin­taq­
Co
su­rad qvem­de­ba­re uf­ro Zlie­ria, vid­re da­ma­te­ba.
bav­Svma gkiT­xaT Tqven. _ bav­Sveb­ma gkiT­xes Tqven.
ZaR­lebs mglis su­ni ecaT. _ ZaR­lebs mgle­bi ec­nen.
qa­lebs gver­diT ska­me­bi ed­gaT. _ qa­lebs gver­diT bav­Sve­bi ed­gnen.

gramatikul codnas vamowmebT teqstebze 

n't
amoiwereT literaturis saxelmZRvanelos romelime teqstidan aTi winadade-
ba, moZebneT maTSi Semasmeneli, qvemdebare da damatebebi.
gaaanalizeT isini zemoT mocemuli nimuSebis mixedviT.

praqtikuli savarjiSoebi

SeadgineT winadadebebi mocemul zmnur formebze, daukvirdiT qvemdeba­ri­sa da

Do

damatebis ricxvis formas da maT sworad gamoyenebas:

1. gvexmareba, gvexmarebian, gexmarebian, dagvexmarnen.
2. gvwers, gvweren, mogvweres, momweres, mogweres, gweren.
3. mkiTxes, gkiTxaT, gvkiTxes, gkiTxaT, gkiTxes.
4. mogvawoda, mogvawodes, mivawodeT.
5. agviSenes, avuSeneT, amiSenes, agviSenes.

41
 9 pirdapiri da iribi naTqvami

? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi
1. nawarmoebebSi xSirad xvdebiT personaJTa Soris dialogs. gaixseneT,
rogor iwereba dialogi? ra niSnebi gamoiyeneba dialogSi?
2. dialogs xSirad mohyveba avtoris ganmarteba. rogoria es formebi da
rogor iyofa, rogor imijneba personaJisa da avtoris sityvebi?
3. daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul winadadebebs. ra gansxvavebas xedavT maT
Soris?

aq modi! _ uTxra qalma patara gogos. qalma patara gogos uTxra, aq modio.

py
Cven xval wavalT parkSi, _ vuTxari parkSi xval wavalT-meTqi, ukve giT­
Cems patara Svils. xari.

nanas gadaeci, rom me male mival sax­ nanas gadaeci, saxlSi male moval-Tqo.
lSi, _ daabara anam gurams.

. gan­xil­vam­de
Co
1. Tqven gaecaniT nawyvetebs nugzar SataiZis moTxrobidan. avtori Txrobisas
xSi­rad iyenebs sxvaTa naTqvams. waikiTxeT teqstidan moyvanili nawyveti:
`parizSi mivdivar mivlinebiT, iqidan germaniaSi unda gamoviaro da manqana
vi­yido, CamodiT, diuseldorfis aeroportSi im manqaniT dagxvdebiT da naxevar
ev­ropas mogatarebTo.... me ki gavuZaliandi _ amxela mogzaurobisTvis arc fuli
n't
maqvs da aRarc guli-meTqi...~
ra ganarCevs sxvaTa naTqvams avtoris sityvebisagan?
2. waikiTxeT mocemuli dialogi, gadaakeTeT igi Cveulebriv Txrobad da da­
uk­virdiT, ra Seicvala?

manqanis sarkmelidan Tavi gadavyavi:

Do

_ vin ari, guja!

_ qarTvelia.
_ Tbiliseli?
_ ara, kaco, aqauri!
me da kote manqanidan CavediT da traileris
mZRols davelodeT. is sirbiliT movida da
gujas lirebi moutana.
_ qarTveli xar? _ vkiTxe me.
_ ho, gurji. Sena?
_ meca.
xeli gamogviwoda da jer me CamovarTvi, mere kotem.

42
 _ ra gvari xar.
_ ogani. ali mqvia.
_ qarTuli gvari ar gaxsovs?
_ ara... _ daircxvina, _ nenem icoda da mokvda.
_ sadauri xar.
_ bursa gagigia?
_ rogor ara!
_ ho da, iqauri var _ mTebSia Cveni sofeli.
_ Zalian gagvixarda Seni naxva.
_ mec gamixarda, Tqven danaxvaze ca gamexsna.

py
sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

pirdapiri da iribi naTqvami

mxatvrul nawarmoebSi xSi­rad gvxvde­ba dia­lo­ge­bi an sxva­Ta naT­qva­mis gad­mo­
ce­ma.
Co
Tu sxvi­si naT­qva­mi av­tors uc­vle­lad, sit­yva­sit­yviT aqvs moy­va­ni­li, amas pir­
da­pi­ri naT­qva­mi ewo­de­ba. ma­ga­li­Tad, ilia wers: `moZ­rao­ba da mxo­lod moZ­rao­ba
aris qvey­nis si­coc­xli­sa da Za­lis mim­ce­mi.~
Tu sxvi­si naT­qva­mi av­tors od­nav sa­xec­vli­li for­miT aqvs gad­mo­ce­mu­li, ma­Sin
es uk­ve iri­bi naT­qva­mia. ma­ga­li­Tad: ilia wers, rom moZ­rao­ba qvey­nis­Tvis si­coc­
xli­sa da Za­lis mim­ce­mia.
n't
iri­bi naT­qva­mis gad­mo­ce­mis sxa­das­xva sa­Sua­le­ba ar­se­bobs, ker­Zod:
1. SeiZ­le­ba mTe­li wi­na­da­de­ba ai­gos sxvag­va­rad da mas dae­ma­tos kav­Si­ri Tu
an rom: (kiT­xviT wi­na­da­de­ba­Si Tu, Txro­biT­Si rom). ma­ga­li­Tad, na­tam Tqva:
`sa­Ra­mos mo­val~. na­tam Tqva, rom sa­Ra­mos mo­va. ar­Cil­ma hkiT­xa: `mog­wons
Ce­mi ve­na­xe­bi?~ ar­Cil­ma hkiT­xa, mos­won­da Tu ara mi­si ve­na­xe­bi. mas­wav­le­
Do

bel­ma Tqva: `xval gak­ve­Ti­le­bi ar Ca­tar­de­ba~. mas­wav­le­bel­ma Tqva, rom

xval gakveTilebi ar Catardeba.
2. Tu pir­ve­li pi­ri (a­nu av­to­ri) imeo­rebs Ta­vis­sa­ve naT­qvams, ma­Sin ga­moi­
ye­ne­ba -meT­qi na­wi­la­ki, ro­me­lic Zi­ri­Ta­dad zmnas daer­Tvis da ga­moi­yo­fa
mis­gan de­fi­siT. ma­ga­li­Tad: ram­den­jer giT­xa­ri, ar mov­di­var- meT­qi.
3. ro­ca me­sa­me pi­ris mier naT­qvams an da­na­ba­rebs vi­meo­rebT, ma­Sin fra­za­Si
ga­moi­ye­ne­ba -Tqo na­wi­la­ki, ro­me­lic ase­ve de­fi­siT ukav­Sir­de­ba zmnas. ma­
ga­li­Tad: es we­ri­li ga­dae­ci na­nas da uT­xa­ri, ro­gorc da­ga­ri­ga, ise moi­qe­
ci-­Tqo.
4. sxva­Ta sit­yvis na­wi­la­kia ag­reT­ve -o, ro­me­lic sit­yvas­Tan er­Tad iwe­re­ba
da uf­ro gav­rce­le­bu­lia.­ma­ga­li­Tad: nu­cam Tqva, au­ci­leb­lad mo­va­lo. -o
na­wi­la­ki ga­moi­ye­ne­ba ma­Si­nac, ro­ca I pi­ri mrav­lo­biT ric­xvSia: giT­xa­riT,
nu wax­val­To da ar dai­je­reT.
43
 Se­ja­me­ba
q Tu sxvi­si sit­yve­bis gad­mo­ce­ma gvin­da iri­bi naT­qva­mis sa­xiT, ma­Sin kar­gad
un­da dav­fiq­rdeT, ro­me­li xer­xi See­sa­ba­me­ba Cvens saT­qmels.
xSi­rad ere­vaT er­Tma­neT­Si -meT­qi da -Tqo na­wi­la­ke­bi. kar­gad da­vi­max­sov­roT:
Tu Cven­sa­ve naT­qvams vi­mo­rebT, anu I pi­ri imeo­rebs Ta­vis­sa­ve naT­qvams, ga­
moi­ye­ne­ba -meT­qi na­wi­la­ki, ro­me­lic mi­Re­bu­lia am­gva­rad: -meT­qi < me vTqvi.
sa­li­te­ra­tu­ro ena­Si Sec­do­mad iT­vle­ba -Tqva for­mis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba, ro­me­
lic dia­leq­teb­Sia gav­rce­le­bu­li; swo­ria -Tqo: uT­xa­ri, Za­lian di­di saq­me
maqvs-Tqo, (ar­aswo­ria, dia­leq­tu­ria _ maqvs-Tqva).
-meT­qi da -Tqo na­wi­la­keb­Tan au­ci­le­be­lia dav­we­roT de­fi­si, xo­lo o na­
wi­la­ki sit­yvas­Tan er­Tad iwe­re­ba. ma­ga­li­Tad, xom giT­xa­ri, mo­val-­meT­qi;
uT­xa­ri, mo­val-Tqo. ase gviT­xra, mo­va­lo.

py
-meT­qi da -Tqo na­wi­la­ke­bi Zi­ri­Ta­dad zmnas­Tan iwe­re­ba, xo­lo o-s ad­gi­li
ga­nu­saz­Rvre­lia, igi SeiZ­le­ba wi­na­da­de­bis yve­la wevrs daer­Tos. am na­wi­
laks er­Tgva­ri mxat­vrul-emo­ciu­ri dat­vir­Tvac aqvs, mas xSi­rad iye­nebs k.
gam­sa­xur­dia Ta­vis pro­za­Si. ma­ga­li­Tad, `ax­la­ve mo­va­lo, de­dao efe­mia~, _
esa Tqva, pir­jva­ri ga­dai­we­ra da ga­daeS­va qa­ra­fi­dan So­re­na... (`di­dos­ta­tis
Co
mar­jve­na~).

praq­ti­ku­li sa­var­ji­Soe­bi

literaturis saxelmZRvaneloSi Tqven gaecaniT alber kamius moTxrobas „sko­

la“. qvemoT mocemulia nawyveti am moTxrobidan. waikiTxeT, SecvaleT di­alogebiT
gadmocemuli pirdapiri naTqvamis teqsti iribi naTqvamis saSu­ale­biT da dawereT
mcire TxrobiTi teqsti dialogSi mocemuli sakiTxis Se­sa­xeb.
_ aba, ras ityvi?
n't
_ bebiam miTxra, Raribebi varTo da momaval wels muSaobas unda Sevudge.
_ deda ras ambobs? momismine, unda gaugo, Zalian uWirT. Sen da Seni Zma fexze
da­gayenes. ra Tqma unda, dedaSens Zalauneburad eSinia. iqneb rame movaxerxoT,
avux­snaT. CanTa aiRe da wamomyevi.
_ saxlSi mivdivarT?
Do

_ diax, siamovnebiT movinaxuleb dedaSens. _ saxlisken mimavali maswavleblis

da­naxvaze bebiam varcxniloba Seicvala.
_ rogorc vxedav, bebia axlac mouclelia. _ bebia stumars sawol oTaxSi Se­
uZRva, iqidan sasadilo oTaxSi gaiyvana, skami SesTavaza da magidaze momcro Wi­
qe­bi da anwlis arayi dado.
_ nu wuxdebiT. TqvenTvis oriode sityva maqvs saTqmeli.. Sen ki quCaSi damelo­
de… unda Sevaqo da vSiSob, TavSi ar auvardes…
_ erTi saaTi miilia. maswavlebeli isev sasadilo oTaxSi ijda. irgvliv qale­
bi exvivnen: bebia, deda, mezoblebi… alberi maswavleblis gverdiT idga. didi
sxe­ulis siTbos grZnobda da odekolonis surnels ukanasknelad isunTqavda. be­
bia mezobeli qalebis win yelyelaobda:
_ gmadlobT, batono Jermen, didi madloba, _ batoni Jermeni ki amasobaSi
bavSvs Tavze efereboda, _ Sen me aRar gWirdebi. Cemze Wkviani maswavleblebi ge­
yo­leba. Tu rameSi dagWirdi, advilad mipovni, _ maswavlebeli wavida.

44
 10 winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi

mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi ?
1. gaixseneT winadadebis mTavari wevrebi.
2. romeli metyvelebis nawilebiT aris gadmocemuli mTavari wevrebi?
3. garda mTavari wevrebisa, arsebobs aramTavari wevrebi. rogor fiqrobT, ra
igulisxmeba terminSi: aramTavari wevrebi?
4. gaixseneT, ras aRniSnavs zedsarTavi saxeli? zmnizeda? daasaxeleT ni­mu­
Se­bi, imsjeleT maTi warmoebisa da Sinaarsobrivi jgufebis Sesaxeb.

gan­xil­vam­de .

py
daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul sqemas da imsjeleT winadadebis aramTavari
wev­rebis Sesaxeb.

winadadebis wevrebi
Co
aramTavari // meorexarisxovani wevrebi

ubralo damateba gansazRvreba garemoeba

n't
Do

adgilis drois viTarebis mizezis miznis

garemoeba garemoeba garemoeba garemoeba garemoeba

sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi ar aris dakavSirebuli zmnis pirTan, Si­na­ar­

sob­rivad ukavSirdebian saxeliT an zmniT gamoxatul wevrebs da ganmartaven maT.
winadadebis aramTavari wevrebia: ubralo damateba, gansazRvreba da garemoeba.
aramTavari wevrebi jgufdebian imis mixedviT, Tu romel wevrTan amyareben
isi­ni sintaqsur kavSirs:

45
 gansazRvreba daerTvis saxeliT gamoxatul wevrs _ qvemdebares an
damatebebs _ da axasiaTebs mas raime niSnis mixedviT.

ubralo damateba Sinaarsobrivad ukavSirdeba zmna-Semasmenels da axasi-

aTebs moqmedebas.

garemoeba Sinaarsobrivad ukavSirdeba zmna-Semasmenels da axasi-

aTebs moqmedebas drois, adgilis, viTarebis mixedviT,
gamokveTs moqmedebis mizezs an mizans.

 gramatikul codnas vamowmebT teqstebze

I. waikiTxeT qvemoT moyvanili teqsti. amoiwereT ramdenime winadadeba teqstidan

py
da mocemuli SekiTxvebis daxmarebiT imsjeleT winadadebis wevrebis Sesaxeb:
1. ramden sityvas Seicavs winadadeba? ramdeni sintaqsuri wyvili gamoiyofa?
2. risgan Sedgeba es sintaqsuri wyvilebi?
3. rogori Semasmenelia;
4. romeli saxelebi Seesabameba zmna-SemasmenelTan Sewyobil pirebs?
Co
5. riT aris gamoxatuli qvemdebare?
6. romeli damatebaa winadadebaSi? rogor mixvdiT?
7. kidev ra wevrebia winadadebaSi, ras gamoxatavs da romel mTavar wevrs
ukavSirdeba?
8. daukvirdiT, aris Tu ara qvemdebare yvela winadadebaSi? Tu aris, romeli
metyvelebis nawiliTaa gadmocemuli? Tu ar aris, rogor fiqrobT _ ra-
tom? igulisxmeba Tu ara?
n't
9. aris Tu ara winadadebaSi naTesaobiT brunvaSi mdgari saxeli da ras ukav-
Sirdeba is? Tqven azriT, ra funqcia aqvs naTesaobiTi brunviT gamoxatul
wevrs? ras gansazRvravs?
10. aris Tu ara zmnizeda Tqven mier amoweril winadadebaSi da ras gamo­xatavs?

msgavsad imsjeleT sxva winadadebebis Sesaxebac.

Do

II. imuSaveT jgufebSi: daiyaviT sam jgufad, gainawileT teqsti da imsjeleT

Tqvens nawilSi Semavali winadadebebis Sesaxeb zemoT mocemuli kiTxvebis gaTval­
iswinebiT.
gaanalizebuli winadadebebi warudgineT jgufebs.

1. wavedi mayvalze. iq ki ara, soflis gogo-biWoba da qalebi rom dadian.

Sors, mdinaris gaRma, lekia WalaSi. xom sul gvgonia, mdinaris gaRma, Cvenidan
Sors, naklebad xvdeba adamianis fexi! viare, viare, viare. mayvlis erT rigi­an
bardsac ki ver wavawydi. xelcariels ra damabrunebda, Sin bartyebiviT pir­
da­Rebuli pawawina SviliSvilebi melodnen, mayvals imaT uwuravdnen da wvens
as­mevdnen. sad ra WaobebSi vtope, sad ra buwknarSi gavZveri, sad ra flateze
av­bobRdi. bolos, rogorc iqna, orWiqiani minis qila gavavse, zogi wvriliT,
zo­gi Citis nakenkiT. amazedac madlobeli unda viyo-meTqi. movukari im qilas
46
Ta­vi, Cavide CanTaSi, aviRe joxi da Sinisken gamovabije, rom SaSvebi amifrind-
nen WaxWaxiT.

2. rasa vxedav: wyali CamoCxrialebs patara kldidan, im kldis Tavze beberi

wno­ri dgas, wnoris qveS ki molurjo bardia, grZlad wasuli bardi, ise bardi
sul mayvalia da asxia, asxia, Savad aris mibnelebuli. uceb damibrunda rwmena
_ Tu gairjebi, daujildoebeli ar darCebi. CanTaSi saweri qaRaldi mqonda,
ga­vakeTe erTi Zabruli parki, gavavse, Tan gulianad geaxlebiT mayvals, gava-
keTe meore parki, isic gavavse. mainc ar meTmoba iqauroba. gavakeTe kulmuxos
foT­ lis parkic, isic gavavse. mayvali wnorzedac iyo axoxebuli, ramdenime
kun­wula Tvalismimtacad gadmokidebuliyo maRlidan. avedi Zlivs vwvdebi.
av­Weri erTi kunwula, avWeri meore, mesames vwvdebi da _ „Waax“ _ daiZaxa wno-
ris totma. zrialiT wavedi Sig mayvlis bardSi, totic zed dameca.

py
3. iseTma SiSma gamiara fexebSi, wamodgomas veRar vaxerxebdi, bolos mainc
ave­di Cemda gasaocrad, arc raime mqonda natkeni, danac ki ar gamvardnoda
xe­lidan. avixede maRla, mayvlis kunwulebi isev lamazad iyo gadmokidebuli
wno­ridan, gameRima da xmamaRla vuTxari Cems Tavs: erTi patara qila mayvali
gin­doda, is qila gaavse, gaavse kidev ori qaRaldis parki, gaavse kulmuxos
Co
er­Ti parkic. askunwula, meore kunWula. ra gaumaZRrobaa _ Sen garda sxvasac
una­xavs mag kunwulebs wnori?
bar­didan gamovZveri, CanTa gadaviride da Cqari nabijiT wamovedi Sinisken. be­
ber wnors CamoxleCili adgili piriviT daeRo da TiTqos sadacaa momaZaxeb­
da: hei, es ra qeni?
(revaz inaniSvili `mayvalze~)
n't
Do

47
 1.11
11 ubralo damateba

? mTav
mTa­ va ri
a­r kiTx
i kiT­ xve bi
ve­b i
1. gaixseneT, ra aris damateba?
gaixseneT, damateba?
2. romel pirs romeli
zmnis romel romeli damateba
damateba Seesabameba?
Seesabameba?
3. Tqveni azriT,
Tqveni azriT, ra Sinaarsi
Sinaarsi devs terminSi
terminSi „ubralo
„ubralo damateba“?
damateba“?
4. rogor fiqrobT,
rogor fiqrobT, romel
romel wevrs ukavSirdeba
ukavSirdeba ubralo
ubralo damateba?
damateba?

. gan­
ganx il­v
xil am­d
vam dee
daukvirdiT qvemoT
daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul
mocemul cxrils
cxrils da
da imsjeleT
imsjeleT xazgasmuli
xazgasmuli formebis
formebis
Se sa xeb.

py
Sesaxeb.

deda
dedaSvils
Svilswerils
werils dedam
dedamSvils werili
Svils werili dedas SvilisTvis
dedas SvilisTvis
swers.
swers. miswera.
miswera. werili
werilimiuweria.
miuweria.

Citi
Citimarcvlebs
Co marcvlebs niskartiT kenkavs.
gogonas
gogonaskalaTiT
kalaTiTyvavilebi
yvavilebimiaqvs.
miaqvs.

sakiTxis
sa­ analizi
kiT­xis ana­ li­zi
ubralo damateba
ubralo damateba winadadebis
winadadebis aramTavari
aramTavari wevria.
wevria. ZiriTadad
ZiriTadad igiigi sintaqsur
sintaqsur
kavSSirs
kav­ amyarebs zmna-SemasmenelTan
irs amyarebs zmna-SemasmenelTan an an saxelzmnasTan,
saxelzmnasTan, amitom
amitom sintaqsur
sintaqsur wyvilSi
wyvilSi
mas ukav Sir de ba. ub ra lo da ma te ba Zi ri Ta dad war mod ge ni lia
mas ukavSirdeba. ubralo damateba ZiriTadad warmodgenilia Tandebuliani for­ Tan de bu lia ni for-
miT, SeiZleba
miT, SeiZleba iyos
iyos uTandebulo
uTandebulo formiTac.
formiTac. ubralo
ubralo damatebis
damatebis brunvebia:
brunvebia: mi­
mic
cee­mmi-
i­
n't
Ti, na Te sao bi Ti, moq me de bi Ti da
Ti, naTesaobiTi, moqmedebiTi da viTarebiTi:vi Ta re bi Ti:

moxucebi warsulze warsulze aris ubralo damateba. mas daesmis kiTxva

laparakobdnen. _ raze? sintaqsur wyvils qmnis zmna-SemasmenelTan:
warsulze laparakobdnen. gamoxatulia arsebiTi sa-
xelis micemiTi brunvis Tandebuliani formiT.
Do

goginas tirilisagan tirilisagan aris ubralo damateba. daesmis kiTxva

Tvalebi dauwiTlda. _ risgan? sintaqsur wyvils qmnis zmna- Semasmenel-
Tan: tirilisagan dauwiTlda. gamoxatulia arsebiTi
saxelis naTesaobiTi brunvis Tandebuliani formiT.
Citi niskartiT eZebda niskartiT aris ubralo damateba. daesmis kiTxva _
sakenks. riT? sintaqsur wyvils qmnis zmna- SemasmenelTan:
niskartiT eZebda. gamoxatulia moqmedebiT brunvaSi
dasmuli arsebiTi saxeliT.
qali bavSvebianad bavSvebianad aris ubralo damateba. daesmis kiTxva
gavida _ visTan erTad? sintaqsur wyvils qmnis zmna-Semas-
ezodan. menelTan: bavSvebianad gavida. gamoxatulia arsebiTi
saxelis viTarebiTi brunvis ormiT.

50
48
 Sejameba
ubralo damatebis nimuSebi:
q
-ze Tandebuliani: deda mudmivad fiqrobda Svilze.
„ar daiviwyo mSobeli miwa, sayvareli da tkbili
yvelaze.“ (lado asaTiani)

-Si Tandebuliani: is sabolood darwmunda Tavis did upiratesobaSi.

„rionis pirad ki quxs qalaqi, aTasa Wirsa da lxinSi
nagebi.“ (lado asaTiani)
-Tan Tandebuliani: igi swored am dros mivida maTTan.
„mercxlebTan erTad, mercxlebTan erTad Wreli fo-

py
Tlebic mirian qarSi.“ (murman lebaniZe)
-Tvis Tandebuliani es adgili beqasTvis iyo gamiznuli.
„ra moaqvs CemTvis, ra moaqvs SenTvis?“ (ana kalandaZe)
„magram aq visTvis agroveb iebs?’ (ana kalandaZe)

-gan Tandebuliani
Co
„gTxovT mokiTxva gadaeciT Cemgan.“ (revaz inaniSvili)
„senaki Cemi mitovebuli grZneul sxivTagan aivso
kvalad.“ (ana kalandaZe)
-Sesaxeb TandebuliT am dRes bevri ram gavige Cemi momavali profesiis
Sesaxeb.
erTxel laparaki Camovarda saqarTvelos cixes-
imagreebis da siZveleTa Sesaxeb.
n't
nacvlad me SemrCa xelT megobris nacvlad viTaca kaci.
aRfrTovanebis nacvlad uzomo wyena daetyo.
mimarT / mier sakuTari Secdomis
Tqven mimarT mimarT adamiani
did pativiscemas umTavresad brmaa.
vgrZnob.
zogierTi mokrive xalxis mier darqmeul zedmet
saxels atarebda.
Do

magivrad / magier is qali aq dedaTqvenis magivrad movida.

„sawylis sawyloba rom mesmis, imaT magivrad vwu-
wuneb.“ (vaJa-fSavela)
„erTis magier aTasi sxva sanTeli imasTan erTad
daiwyebs laplaps.“ (ilia WavWavaZe)
moqmedebiTi brunvis qalebi wyaroze doqebiT midiodnen.
forma „Tavs ar Segawyen ficiT da mtkiciT.“ (murman lebaniZe)

viTarebiTi brunvis mxatvris yoveli tilo damoukidebel samyarod

forma gacocxlda.
„brwyinavda igi uzado brwyinviT, mSvenierebis
didebul xatad.“ (ana kalandaZe)

49
51
 praqtikuli savarjiSoebi
gadaiwereT winadadebebi rveulSi, ipoveT maTSi ubralo damateba, gausviT
xa­zi da Semdeg imsjeleT TiToeuli formis Sesaxeb (gaiTvaliswineT daxasiaTe­
bis nimuSi):
1. giorgi skolis direqtorad muSaobda.
2. qalma daniT daWra mwnili da TefSiT magidaze dadga.
3. paata sofelSi col-SviliT Camovida.
4. nanas mezoblisagan gaugia es ambavi.
5. berdiasTan erTad lelac movida.
6. me Cemi azri maqvs am saqmis Sesaxeb.
7. naTia megobrebTan didxans laparakobda.

py
8. kaci tomriT miadga mezoblis saxls.
9. ca RrublebiT daifara.
10. patara gogona did siyvarulze ocnebibda.

 gramatikul codnas vamowmebT teqstebze

Co
amoiwereT literaturis saxelmZRvanelos romelime teqstidan aTi winadade-
ba, moZebneT maTSi ubralo damateba da gaaanalizeT isini zemoT mocemuli ni-
muSebis mixedviT.
n't
Do

50
 12 gansazRvreba

mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi ?
1. gaixseneT zedsarTavi saxeli, misi kiTxvebi da daniSnuleba.
2. gaixseneT msazRvrel-sazRvruli.
3. gaixseneT winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi, ras ukavSirdeba gansazRvreba
wi­nadadebaSi?

gan­xil­vam­de .
daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul formebs da imsjeleT maT Sesaxeb:

py
romeli metyvelebis nawilebi ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs?
rogor ukavSirdebian es formebi erTmaneTs?

TeTri yvavilebi lamazi qalebi

fiqri mravali
Co Teqvsmeti weli
Senma Tvalebma ociode weliwadi
kviani kacis Cemi megobari
alaznis niavi daRlili bavSvi
cisferi TvalebiT garujuli xel-piri

sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi
n't
gansazRvreba winadadebis aramTavari wevria. igi ZiriTadad gamoxatulia sa­
xeliT an mimReobiT da daesmis igive kiTxvebi, rac zedsarTav saxels. gan­ saz­
Rvreba daerTvis arsebiTi saxeliT gamoxatul wevrs da eTanxmeba mas bru­nvaSi.
gansazRvreba SeiZleba iyos SeTanxmebuli da marTuli. SeTanxmebuli gan­saz­Rvre­
ba eTanxmeba sazRvruls brunvaSi: maRali kaci, maRalma kacma... marTulia gan­saz­
Rvre­ba, romelic warmodgenialia naTesaobiTi brunvis formiT da gamoxatavs
Do

kuT­vnilebas an masalas: megobris manqana, xis kibe.

mziani dRe iyo. mziani aris gansazRvreba, SeTanxmebuli. ga-

moxatulia zedsarTavi saxeliT.

wvimis wveTebi xmauriT wvimis aris gansazRvreba, marTuli. gamoxatulia

ecemoda saxuravs. arsebiTi saxelis naTesaobiTi brunvis formiT.

51
q Sejameba

gansazRvrebis nimuSebi:
zedsarTavi „aRar wvims, lamazi mxrebi gaSales lamazma mTebma.“ (ana
saxeli kalandaZe)
gansazRvrebad „acvia TeTri, spetaki kaba, xelSi uWiravs TeTri yvavi-
li.“ (ana kalandaZe)
„wiTeli disko Sav muxnarebs dascqeris maRliT.“ (murman
lebaniZe)

ricxviTi saxeli saukuneTa manZilze aTas ubedurebas gavuZeliT, aTasi

gansazRvrebad gansacdeli gadavitaneT.
„samasi TasiT ra moaqvT CvenTan krwanisis mxedrebs?“ (ana

py
kalandaZe)
Teqvsmeti weli male gavida.

nacvalsaxeli „RudRudi gahqonda Cems Rumels.“ (murman lebaniZe)

gansazRvrebad „xalxis Sviloba zed eweros Sens yovel leqss da Sens
yovel striqons.“ (murman lebaniZe)
Co
ramdenime wuTis Semdeg es mSvenieri sanaxaoba Tvals
miefara.

mimReoba gaxarebuli salome Tvals ar aSorebda bavSvs.

gansazRvrebad erTxans xevSi Cagorebuli qvis xma ismoda.
daRlili nabijebiT CamovaTave marmarilos ganieri kibe.

SeTanxmebuli xis ZirSi idga dagubebuli talaxiani wyali.

n't
gansazRvreba: Savgvremanma wvermoSvebulma mZRolma Cvenken gamoixeda.
poetebi kargad icnoben xalxur Semoqmedebas.
Cumad Cailaparaka kuTxeSi mimjdarma giorgim.

marTuli man yoCaRad airbina aguris kibe.

Do

gansazRvreba „me Seni leqsi broweulis yvavils magonebs.“ (murman

lebaniSe)
„ar minda oqros samkauli Zvirfasi TvlebiT.“ (ana kalan-
daZe)
„bagiT yvavilis mtvers amozidavs susti futkari.“ (ana
kalandaZe)
„Tovlis udabno win gvedo TeTrad“ (murman lebaniZe)

gaiTvaliswineT:
gaiTvaliswineT:
marTuli
marTuli gansazRvreba
gansazRvreba yovelTvis
yovelTvis na naTesaobiT brunvaSi
TesaobiT brun dgas. na
vaSi dgas. naTesaobiT
TesaobiT
brunvaSi SeiZleba iyos uTandebulo ubralo damatebac. sintaqsuri funqciis ga­
brun­v aSi SeiZleba iyos uTandebulo ubralo damatebac. sintaqsuri funqciis ga-
sar­kve
sar kvevad daakvirdiT,
vad daak Tu ras
virdiT, Tu ras daer
daerTvis igi: Tu
Tvis igi: Tu sa
saxels daerTvis
xels daer gansazRvrebaa,
Tvis gan sazRvrebaa,
Tu sa
Tu saxelzmnas
xelzmnas _ _ ub
ubralo damatebaa.
ralo da matebaa.
52
54
 monadiris saxeli _ gansazRvreba
monadiris aSenebuli saxli (= monadiris mier aSenebuli) _ ubralo damateba.

praqtikuli savarjiSoebi
mocemul winadadebebSi ipoveT gansazRvreba da daaxasiaTeT:
beberi muxa aRerRili iyo. ukanaskneli foTlebi ra xania rcxilebsac dascviv­
daT, wiflebsac, Tamelebsac. TviT isic, dakorZili, aTas Wir-varamSi gamovlili
mu­xac, Savad iyo alanZuli, misi sqeli galaquliviT priala foTlebi Zirs iyvnen
da­fenilni da xandaxan Tu SeTrToldebodnen niavis wamobervaze, kbodeze gad­
mozneqili nekerCxlis erTi didi foToli ki mxolod odnav moRunuliyo da wiT­
lad RudRudebda tyis bind haerSi. muxamac, xevSi mimavalma momwvano wyalmac,
msuqanma maCvmac da didTava bumac icodnen, rom nekerCxlis foToli viRacas Tu

py
raRacas eloda. (revaz inaniSvili, `nekerCxlis wiTeli foToli~)

gramatikul codnas vamowmebT teqstebze 

amoiwereT literaturis saxelmZRvanelos romelime teqstidan aTi winadade-
ba, moZebneT maTSi gansazRvreba da gaaanalizeT isini zemoT mocemuli nimuSebis
mi­xedviT.
Co
n't
Do

53
 13 garemoeba
1. 13 garemoeba
? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi

? mTagaixseneT,
1. romeli
vari kiTxve bi metyvelebis nawili gamoxatavs dros? adgils?
2. kidev rogor SeiZleba droisa da adgilis gamoxatva? daasaxeleT nimuSebi.
1. gaixseneT, romeli metyvelebis nawili gamoxatavs dros? adgils?
3. gaixseneT winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi.

.
2. kidev rogor SeiZleba droisa da adgilis gamoxatva? daasaxeleT nimuSebi.
3. gaixseneT
gan­ xil­vam­de winadadebis aramTavaro wevrebi,
waikiTxeT
ganxilvamqvemoT
de mocemuli winadadebebi da isaubreT xazgasmul formebze:
waikiTxeT qvemoT mocemuli winadadebebi da isaubreT xazgasmul formebze:
maRla frinvels ar gadaifrens da dabla WianWvelas ar gaatarebs.

py
. giorgi
moedani
skolidanar
maRla frinvels gvian brundeboda.
gadaifrens
TandaTan gvian
giorgi skolidan dacarielda.
da dabla WianWvelas ar gaatarebs.
brundeboda.
enis Sesaswavlad
moedani TandaTanramdenime moswavle inglisSi wavida.
dacarielda.
gaugebrobis gamoramdenime
enis Sesaswavlad mezoblebs
Co erTmaneTSi
moswavle daZabuli
inglisSi urTierToba hqondaT.
wavida.
gaugebrobis gamo mezoblebs erTmaneTSi daZabuli urTierToba hqondaT.
sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi
sakiTxis analizi
garemoeba winadadebis meorexarisxovani wevria, romelic gamoxatavs Tu sad,
rodis, rogor,winadadebis
garemoeba ra mizeziTameorexarisxovani
da ra mizniT xdebawevria,
zmna-SemasmenliT gamoxatuli
romelic gamoxatavs Tu moq­
sad,
me­
deba. rogor,
rodis, garemoeba Ceveulebriv
ra mizeziTa da raaxlavs
mizniTzmnas
xdebaanzmna-SemasmenliT
saxelzmnas. garemoeba SeiZleba
gamoxatuli mo-
ga­ m oxatuli iyos saxeliT, saxelzmniT (mimReobiT) an zmnizediT.
qmedeba. garemoeba Ceveulebriv axlavs zmnas an saxelzmnas. garemoeba SeiZleba
gamoxatuli iyos saxeliT,
adgilis garemoeba saxelzmniT
gamoxatavs (mimReobiT)
moqmedebis an zmnizediT.
adgils an mimarTulebas. misi kiT­
n't
xve­badgilis garemoeba
ia: sad? saidan? gamoxatavs
saiTken? moqmedebis adgils an mimarTulebas. misi kiTx-
sadamde?
vebia: sad? saidan? saiTken? sadamde?
drois garemoeba gamoxatavs moqmedebis dros. ZiriTadi kiTxvebia: rodis?
ram­drois garemoeba
den xans? gamoxatavs
ra xnidan? rodemde? moqmedebis dros. ZiriTadi kiTxvebia: rodis?
ramden xans? ra xnidan? rodemde?
viTarebis garemoeba gamoxatavs, Tu rogor xdeba moqmedeba. misi kiTxvebia:
ro­gviTarebis garemoeba
or? ranairad? gamoxatavs,
ramdenjer? Tu rogor xdeba moqmedeba. misi kiTxvebia:
ramdenad?
Do

rogor? ranairad? ramdenjer? ramdenad?

mizezis garemoeba gamoxatavs moqmedebis gamomwvev mizezs. misi kiTxvebia: ra­
mizezis garemoeba gamoxatavs moqmedebis gamomwvev mizezs. misi kiTxvebia: ra-
tom? ris gamo? ra mizeziT?
tom? ris gamo? ra mizeziT?
miznis garemoeba gamoxatavs moqmedebis mizans. misi kiTxvebia: risTvis? ra
miznis garemoeba gamoxatavs moqmedebis mizans. misi kiTxvebia: risTvis? ra
miz­niT?
mizniT?
q Sejameba
Sejameba

gareT wvima xmaurobda. gareT aris adgilis garemoeba. gamoxatulia

adgilis zmnizediT.

quTaisamde sami saaTis gzaa. quTaisamde aris adgilis garemoeba. gamoxatu-

lia arsebiTi saxelis viTarebiTi brunvis Tan-
debuliani formiT.

54
56
bavSvma gvian daiZina. gvian aris drois garemoeba. gamoxatulia
drois zmnizediT.

deda orSabaTs Camovida. orSabaTs aris drois garemoeba. gamoxatulia

arsebiTi saxelis micemiTi brunvis formiT.

aleqsi gonivrulad moiqca. gonivrulad aris viTarebis garemoeba. ga-

moxatulia arsebiTi saxelis viTarebiTi brun-
vis formiT.

studentebi jguf-jgufad jguf-jgufad aris viTarebis garemoeba. ga-

isxdnen. moxatulia arsebiTi saxelis (kompozitis) vi-
TarebiTi brunvis formiT.

py
bavSvebs SiSisgan Tvalebi SiSisgan aris mizezis garemoeba. gamoxatulia
gaufarTovdaT. arsebiTi saxelis naTesaobiTi brunvis Tan-
debuliani formiT.

avadmoyofobis gamo aris avadmyofobis gamo skolaSi ver wavedi. ga-

mizezis garemoeba. Co moxatulia arsebiTi saxelis naTesaobiTi brun-
vis Tandebuliano formiT.

bavSvebi saTevzaod wavid- saTevzaod aris miznis garemoeba. gamoxatu-

nen. lia warmoqmnili arsebiTi saxelis viTarebiTi
brunvis formiT.

moxuci dasasveneblad dasasveneblad aris miznis garemoeba. gamoxatu-

wamowva. lia mimReobis viTarebiTi brunvis formiT.
n't
praqtikuli savarjiSoebi
praqtikuli savarjiSoebi
ipoveT winadadebebSi garemoebebi da imsjeleT Semdegi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb:
ipoveT winadadebebSi garemoebebi da imsjeleT Semdegi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb:
romeli garemoebaa?
romeli garemoebaa?
ra kiTxva daesmis?
ra kiTxva daesmis?
Do

ra metyvelebis nawiliT aris gamoxatuli?

ra metyvelebis nawiliT aris gamoxatuli?
gaaanalizeT forma _ Tandebuliania Tu uTandebulo.
gaaanalizeT forma _ Tandebuliania Tu uTandebulo.
1. mxolod aqa-iq moCans kldis veeberTela namtvrevebi.
1.
2. mxolod aqa-iq
guSin zRvis moCans
napir kldis
ze vna veeberTela
xe Tav namtvrevebi.
daxriT moma vali es gogona.
2.
3. guSin
kaci nezRvis napirze
la gamoe marTavnaxe TavdaxriT momavali es gogona.
Cemken.
3.
4. kaci
Zlivsnela
vipogamoemarTa
ve TavisufaCemken.
li adgili.
4.
5. Zlivs vipove
wyarodan Tavisufali
wylis motana adadgili.
vili saqme ar iyo.
5.
6. wyarodan wylis motana advili saqme
xval da zeg veravin gabedavs Cven arxeiyo.
Sewu bas.
6.
7. xval
axla da
misizeg veravin
nabi gabedavs
jebi To Cven
fis gasro laSewuxebas.
saviT ismoda.
7.
8. axla
Wreli qolgis qveS or bavSvs Seefarebinaismoda.
misi nabijebi Tofis gasrolasaviT Tavi.
8.
9. Wreli
bavSvma qolgis qveS
sulmouT qmeor
ladbavSvs Seefarebina
gamoca la Wiqa. Tavi.
9. bavSvma sulmouTqmelad gamocala Wiqa.
55
57
 10. SiSisagan patarebma Tvalebi daxuWes.
11. daRamebisas yvelafers mZime wyvdiadi gadaefara.
12. sadRac iqve wyali wveTavda.
13. yovelive Sexvedris Semdeg gadawyvites megobrebma.
14. irgvliv yvelafers bindi faravs, oTaxSic sibnele Camowoliliyo.
15. Zalian xmamaRla, mTeli jgufis gasagonad daiwyo laparaki.
16. biWi misCereboda wvimisagan Camongreul Wers.
17. dilisken TeTri nisli iSleba.
18. marcxniv vucqerdiT zRvas, marjvniv ki svaneTis maRali mTebi Canda.
19. kviraobiT icvleba xolme Soreuli zRvidan mosuli xomaldebi.
20. mas mosananieblad bevri dro hqonda.

py
21. is qarisagan acremlebul Tvalebs wamdauwum iwmendda.
22. uzarmazari mze brialebs piramidebTan.
23. dilidan saRamomde mecadineobs da mxolod gamocdebze fiqrobs.
24. qalaqSi aryofnis gamo Tqvens warmodgenas ver daveswari.


Co
25. caze Rrublebi aria da tyeSi qarisgan xeebi aSrialda.

gramatikul codnas vamowmebT teqstebze

1. qvemoT mocemulia nawyveti daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobidan „soloman morbe­la­

Ze“. gaaanalizeT mocemuli nawyvetis winadadebebi Semdegi kiTxvebis mixedviT:
rogoria winadadeba Sinaarsis moxedviT.
gamoyaviT winadadebis mTavari wevrebi. romeli metyvelebis nawiliTaa gad­
n't
mocemuli mTavari wevrebi?
gamoyaviT winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi. romeli metyvelebis nawiliTaa
gadmocemuli aramTavari wevrebi?

solomanis qebiT nasiamovnebi qaixosro meaTased mohyva, ranairad moswondaT

uf­ro­sebs seminariaSi misi Svili. solomanma didi moTminebiT moismina gauTa­ve­
Do

beli tra­baxi moxucebuli kacisa da mere, roca moxerxebuli dro iSova, Tavis
saqmes Se­udga: mouyva nikos saqmis garemoebas da ymawvils Zalze auZgera gu­li
Tavis na­ambobiT. Tavis laparakiT im zomamdis miiyvana ymawvili kaci, rom, pi­ri­
qiT, is ex­veweboda da emudareboda, Semweoba aRmomiCine, damexmare, saqme ar Cai­
Sa­loso. ni­ko Tanaxma iyo solomanis yoveli winadadebisa, yovelis misis rCevisa.
ga­marj­ve­buli maSvali axla mxiarulad miaCaqCaqebda saRamoze jors Tavis sax-
lisaken da erTxelac ar uTqvams wyromis sityva Tavis dauRalavi amxanagisaTvis.

2. amoiwereT literaturis saxelmZRvanelos romelime teqstidan aTi winadadeba,

moZebneT maTSi garemoebebi da gaaanalizeT isini zemoT mocemuli nimuSebis mi­
xedviT.

56
 Semajamebeli davalebebi

imuSaveT jgufebSi: daiyaviT sam jgufad, gainawileT teqsti da imsjeleT mTa­

vari da aramTavari wevrebis Sesaxeb.
gaanalizebuli winadadebebi warudgineT jgufebs.

1. ori ZaRlia, erTi _ wablisferi, meore _ Wreli. wablisferi msxvilia,

garusu­ li, yurebdaWrili, kudala. Wreli _ banjgvliani, cota tanmomcro,
Zalian fic­xi. oriveni meurneobis saRores hyaraulobdnen. saRoris didi ezo
rkinis bo­ZebiTa da mavTulis badiT aris SemoRobili, avivli Cems saqmeze,
gamomic­viv­debian is ZaRlebi, Camovivli-gamomicvivdebian. miyefen, zed ask-
debian mav­Tu­lis bades, kbilebiT RrRnian, mgonia cota da gaRrRnian, mecemi-
an, amitom, yo­veli SemTxvevisaTvis, xelketi miWiravs. Tu keti odnav avuqnie,

py
maSin mTlad cofdebian. mavTulebis RrRniT, RafRafiT, erTmaneTze xtomiT
momaci­le­ben Robis kuTxemde, iqac iyefebian da gamwarebulni iweven Cemken.

2. kargad rom gavcdebi, maSin Zlivs gaCumdebian, kmayofilebi wavlen saRo-

risaken, daw­ve­bian CrdilSi da arian iq.
erT­xelac ase, samuSaod vbrundebi, gora unda amoviaro da saRorisaken CaveS-
Co
va. amoviare gora, gamovedi ZeZvebidan da biWos _ Wreli ZaRli! saRoris
Wre­li ZaRli! TiTqmis SevefeTeT erTmaneTs. mec cota ukan gavxti da isic.
mec vuyureb, isic miyurebs. mec vicani, imanac micno. me xelketi avwie, imas
si­sawyle Caudga TvalebSi, mere Tavi CaRuna, piri raRacnairad gaamwlatuna,
_ aba, rad ginda. daiwyo kudis qneva, laquci. me isev erT adgilas videqi,
amom­xeda, _ wadi ra, kaco, me xom xmas ar gcemo. wamovedi, isev ar amouRia
xma. mivixede. _ egre ra, aq saSuRlo ra gvaqvso... miubrunda da gaxalisebuli
n't
gaiqca zeviT, albaT Tavis saqmeze.

3. vifiqre, davZmakacdiT. magram meore dRes, saRoresTan miaxloebuls wab-

la ZaRli rom gamomenTo, Wrela uaresad ga­dairia. gavCerdi joxi davibjine
da mivaCerdi, minda, erTi TvalebSi Cavxedo, davanamuso, eg aris Cveni daZmo-
bileba-meTqi. magram ara qna, ar Camaxeda Tva­leb­Si. RafRafebda da awydeboda
Do

mavTulebs. _ ara grcxvenia? hai, ratom ara grcxve­nia-meTqi? _ davuwye wyn-

ari laparaki. amaze ki cota CayuCda, iyefeboda ro­gorRac zereled, magram
miixeda ukan, dainaxa saRoris karebTan mdgari me­Ro­re da gaafTrebiT moawyda
bades. me sicili amityda da ise, sicil-siciliT wa­movedi. dResac Zvelebu-
rad miyefen wablac da Wrelac, magram me ukve ise Ca­ vuvli xolme, xmas ar
viReb, Tanac Rimilic ar momcildeba saxidan. me da Wre­lam iseTi raRacebi
viciT, is sxvebma ar unda icodnen.
(revaz inaniSvili `saidumlo~)

57
 winadadeba wevrTa Sedgenilobis mixedviT - 1
14 Serwymuli winadadeba

? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi
1. rogor fiqrobT, ras niSnavs paragrafis saTauri: „winadadeba wevrTa Sed­
ge­nilobis mixedviT“?
2. gaixseneT, ra aris winadadeba?
3. Tqveni azriT, SeiZleba erTma sityvam dasrulebuli azri gamoxatos?
4. SeiZleba, winadadebaSi wevri ar iyos da igulisxmebodes? CaiTvleba aseTi
wi­nadadeba Cveulebriv winadadebad?

. gan­xil­vam­de

py
daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul winadadebebs.
1. CaiTvleba Tu ara yvela winadadebad? ratom?
2. ra ganasxvavebs maT, erTi mxriv, Cveulebrivi winadadebebisgan, meore
mxriv, erTmaneTisgan?

rad uxdeboda.
Co
TaigulSi TeTri, wiTeli, yviTeli, cisferi yvavilebi erTmaneTs saoc­

gogona dedas werils swers.

movedi.
wvims.
saRamo. simSvide. varskvlavebi caze.
n't
mocimcime varskvlavebiT moWedil caze mTvare amayad da medidurad
moZ­raobda.
„cacxvze xmauri Sxapuna wvimis,
akaciebis surneli mZafri,
naZvi da tvia, suro da dafna
Do

da tirifebi mdinaris piras. „ (ana kalandaZe)

sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

winadadeba wevrTa Sedgenilobis mixedviT sxvadasxvagvari SeiZleba iyos.

daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul sqemas da Tqven Tavad imsjeleT maT Sesaxeb:

58
 Serwymuli winadadeba _ romelSic
ramdenime erTgvari wevria

gauvrcobeli winadadeba _ romelSic

mxolod mTavari wevrebia

gavrcobili winadadeba _ romelSic

Sedis meorexarisxovani wevrebic
martivi
winadadebebis

py
saxeebi
sruli winadadeba _ romelsac wevri
wevrTa ar aklia
Sedgenilobis
mixedviT
Co usruli winadadeba _ romelsac
aklia wevri, magram igulisxmeba

uqvemdebaro winadadeba _ romelSic ar

aris qvemdebare da arc igulisxmeba

saxeldebiTi winadadeba _ romelSic

n't
ar aris znma-Semasmeneli

axla ganvixiloT TiToeuli winadadeba:

Serwymuli winadadeba:
Do

Ser­wy­mu­lia wi­na­da­de­ba, ro­mel­Sic aris ram­de­ni­me er­T­g­va­ri wev­ri. sa­zo­ga­dod,

er­T­g­va­rad iT­v­le­ba is wev­re­bi, rom­le­bic erT sa­er­To wevrs ukav­Sir­de­b­a. amis
mi­xed­viT Ser­wy­mul wi­na­da­de­ba­Si Se­iZ­le­ba iyos ram­de­ni­me er­T­g­va­ri qvem­de­ba­re
an er­T­g­va­ri da­ma­te­be­bi, rom­le­bic erT Se­mas­me­nels ukav­Sir­de­bi­an, ram­de­ni­me er­
T­g­va­ri gan­sazR­v­re­ba, rom­le­bic erT sa­xels axa­si­a­Te­ben an ram­de­ni­me er­Ti sa­xis
ga­re­mo­e­ba.

59
 Serwymuli winadadeba
erTgvar wevrTa mixedviT
erTgvari Semasmeneli
erTgvari qvemdebare
erTgvari pirdapiri damateba
erTgvari iribi damateba
erTgvari ubralo damateba
erTgvari gansazRvreba
Co
erTgvari adgilis garemoeba
erTgvari drois garemoeba
n't
erTgvari drois garemoeba
erTgvari viTarebis garemoeba
Do
erTgvari mizezis garemoeba
erTgvari miznis garemoeba
sxvadasxva tipis erTgvari wevri
60
nimuSebi
fi­nia yefs, tria­lebs, dax­tis, wkmu­tu­nebs.
qa­le­bi, ka­ce­bi, mo­xu­ce­bi, axal­gaz­rde­bi, aqau­
re­bi da So­ri­dan mo­su­le­bi er­Tad mi­diod­nen
sof­lis cen­tri­sa­ken.
axa­li mas­wav­le­be­li Za­lian kar­gad as­wav­li­da
bav­Svebs cek­vas, sim­Re­ras, met­yve­le­bas, Zer­wvas,
xat­vas, qar­gvas da ker­vas.
bav­Svi gak­vir­ve­bu­li ug­deb­da yurs stum­re­bis
py
xmaurs, Se­Za­xi­lebs, sim­Re­ras, la­pa­raks, sad­
Reg­rZe­loebs da sau­bars.
stu­den­teb­ma Za­lian ga­moi­Ci­nes Ta­vi swav­liT,
ni­Wie­re­biT, Sro­mis­moy­va­reo­biT, saq­mi­sad­mi er­
Tgu­le­biT, pa­su­xis­mgeb­lo­biT da gam­Wria­xo­biT.
uzar­ma­zar Tai­gul­Si eria wi­Te­li, yvi­Te­li,
cis­fe­ri, TeT­ri, alis­fe­ri, iis­fe­ri, var­dis­
fe­ri min­dvris yva­vi­le­bi.
ba­ton aleq­san­dres pa­ta­ra sas­tum­roe­bi hqon­
da Tbi­lis­Si, qu­Tais­Si, mcxe­Ta­Si, yaz­beg­sa da
fa­sa­naur­Si.
or­Sa­baTs, sam­Sa­baTs da oT­xSa­baTs Tbi­lis­Si
viq­ne­bi Se­mow­me­ba­ze, xuT­Sa­baTs da pa­ras­kevs _
qu­Tais­Si, Sa­baTs da kvi­ras ki _ du­SeT­Si.
mTva­rian Ra­me­Si sa­me­bis ta­Za­ri ra­Rac saoc­
rad, di­de­bu­lad, idu­ma­lad da STam­beW­da­vad
ga­moi­yu­re­bo­da.
pa­t a­r e­b i Za­l ian dai­R al­n en sia­r u­l i­s a­g an,
uZi­lo­bi­sa­gan, xmau­ri­sa­gan da ami­tom ma­le Ca­
e­ZinaT.
zaf­xu­lo­biT bav­Sve­bi bi­Zas mih­yav­da sa­seir­nod,
sa­laS­qrod, sa­ba­naod, sa­Tev­zaod da sa­na­di­rod.
Sro­mis­moy­va­reo­ba da pa­su­xis­mgeb­lo­ba am­Sve­
nebs da amaR­lebs ada­mians.
so­fel­Si ax­lad­Ca­mo­su­li mas­wav­le­be­li ag­ro­
veb­da bi­Web­sa da go­goebs, as­wav­li­da maT Zvel
qar­Tul dam­wer­lo­bas, We­du­ro­bas, mo­zai­kas,
ri­to­ri­kas, yo­vel­dRe wvrTni­da, ari­geb­da, Sea­
go­neb­da, xvew­da, su­lie­rad amaR­leb­da.
 er­T­g­va­ri wev­re­bi Se­iZ­le­ba Se­er­Te­bu­li iyos ukavSirod (kav­Si­ris ga­re­Se), am
Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si iwe­re­ba mZi­me. aseve er­T­g­va­ri wev­re­bi Se­iZ­le­ba er­T­ma­neTs da­u­kav­
Sir­des ma­er­Te­be­li kav­Si­re­biT:
ga­vix­se­noT ma­er­Te­be­li kav­Si­re­bi:

maerTebeli kavSirebi
aerTebs or wevrs an or winadadebas

py
majgufebeli kavSirebi macalkevebeli mapirispirebeli
kavSirebi kavSirebi
da, Tu, kidec _ kidec, arc _ arc,
aRarc _ aRarc, verc _ verc, xan _ xan, an, magram, oRond,
veRarc _ veRarc, nurc _ nurc, an _ an, gind _ xolo, ki,
nuRarc _ nuRarc, rogorc _ ise, gind, Tund _ Tumca,
ara marto _ aramed, Co Tund... ar _ aramed, ki
araTu _ aramed kidec... ar _ aramed...

savarjiSoebi analizisaTvis:

wa­i­kiTxeT qve­moT mo­ce­mu­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi da aR­niS­neT, wi­na­da­de­ba ro­me­li wev­

ris mi­xed­viTaa Ser­wy­mu­li da ro­go­ria er­T­g­var wev­r­Ta Se­er­Te­bis sa­Su­a­le­be­bi:
1. sa­se­ir­nod da dro­is ga­sa­ta­reb­lad wa­su­li go­go­ne­bi uceb aR­moC­n­d­nen wve­
n't
u­le­ba­ze.
2. patara gogona xan cekvavda, xan mReroda, xanac mayurebels uRimoda da Tavs
uxrida madlobis niSnad.
3. ZaR­li nel-ne­la wa­mod­ga da Tav­Ca­Ru­nu­li da­ad­ga gzas.
4. gu­ra­mi dRe­da­Ram Sro­mob­da, swav­lob­da, axal pro­eq­tebs eZeb­da.
Do

5. ver vix­se­neb, ro­des­me Sen­gan mwye­no­des an gu­lis dam­wy­ve­to­des ra­i­me­ze.

6. xan Te­mos uyu­reb­da ga­o­ce­bu­li qa­li, xan ma­ri­ams.
7. ka­cis gul­g­ri­lo­bam, sim­S­vi­dem da upa­su­xis­m­geb­lo­bam ga­a­o­ca di­a­sax­li­si.
8. ka­fe­eb­Si, ya­va­xa­na­Si, res­tor­neb­sa da qu­Ceb­Si uam­ra­vi xal­xi ire­o­da.
9. axal­gaz­r­de­bi mo­su­leb­Tan Se­da­re­biT dab­ne­u­lad da ga­o­ce­bu­lad ga­mo­i­
yu­re­bod­nen.
10. go­go­nas sir­bi­li­sa­gan da si­ci­vi­sa­gan lo­ye­bi das­wiT­le­bo­da.

61
 15 Serwymuli winadadeba - marTlweris sakiTxebi

? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi
1. gaixseneT mZimis dasmis wesebi.
2. gaixseneT, rogor gamoiyofa erTgvari wevrebi erTmaneTisagan?
3. gaixseneT ra aris kavSiriani da ukavSiro SeerTeba?

 rogor vweroT ukeTesad

er­Tgvar wev­rebs So­ris, Tu maT ar aer­TebT da an Tu kav­Si­ri, iwe­re­ba mZi­

me. ma­ga­liT­-ad: go­go­nebs, bi­Webs, qa­leb­sa da ka­cebs sa­xe­ze di­di si­xa­ru­li

py
exa­te­bo­daT.
Tu Ser­wymul wi­na­da­de­ba­Si su­lie­ri sa­xe­liT gad­mo­ce­mu­li ram­de­ni­me qvem­
de­ba­rea, Se-­mas­me­ne­li maT mrav­lo­bi­Ti ric­xvis for­miT Seew­yo­ba. ma­ga­li­
Tad: ana da sa­lo­me bav­Svo­bi­dan er­Tad iz­rde­bod­nen.
Tu ram­de­ni­me qvem­de­ba­res ax­lavs sim­rav­lis ga­mom­xat­ve­li sit­yva, ma­Sin
Co
qvem­de­ba­rec da zmnac mxo­lo­bi­Ti ric­xvis for­miT iq­ne­ba war­mod­ge­ni­li.
ma­ga­li­Tad: fos­ti­sa­ken ram­de­ni­me go­gi da bi­Wi ga­mor­bo­da.
Tu qvem­de­ba­ree­bi usu­lo sa­xe­li­Taa gad­mo­ce­mu­li, Se­mas­me­ne­li maT xan
Seew­yo­ba ric­xvSi, xan _ ara. (gaix­se­neT qvem­de­ba­ri­sa da Se­mas­men­lis ric­
xvSi Se­Tan­xme­bis we­se­bi) ma­ga­li­Tad: xee­bi da ma­Ra­li ba­la­xe­bi sa­sia­mov­nod
Sria­leb­da niav­Si.
Ser­wymul wi­na­da­de­ba­Si SeiZ­le­ba Seg­vxvdes gan­ma­zo­ga­de­be­li sit­yve­bi: yve­
la, yve­la-­fe­ri, yo­ve­li­ve, yvel­gan. Tu gan­ma­zo­ga­de­be­li sit­yva er­Tgva­ri
n't
wev­re­bis wi­naa, ma­Sin gan­ma­zo­ga­de­bel sit­yvas­Tan or­wer­ti­li dai­we­re­ba. ma­
ga­li­Tad: mu­si­kis xma is­-mo­da yvel­gan: sax­lSi, ezo­Si, qu­Ca­Sic ki.
Tu gan­ma­zo­ga­de­be­li sit­yva mos­devs er­Tgvar wev­rebs, ma­Sin er­Tgva­ri wev­
re­bis Sem­deg ti­re iwe­re­ba. ma­ga­li­Tad: mu­xa, Te­la, ifa­ni, rcxi­la _ yve­la
erT tye­Si xa­rob­da.
Do

Tu gan­ma­zo­ga­de­bel sit­yvas ax­lavs sxva sit­yva _ sa­xel­dobr, ro­go­ri­caa,

ma­ga­liT­ad _ mis win mZi­me dai­we­re­ba, Sem­deg ki or­wer­ti­li. ma­ga­li­Tad: ma­
gi­da­ze ew­yo yve­la­nai­ri saW­me­li, ro­go­ri­caa: wvnia­ne­bi, mo­xar­Su­li da Sem­
wva­ri xor­ci, tkbi­leu­lo­ba, xa­Wa­pu­re­bi, lo­bia­ne­bi.
Tu gan­ma­zo­ga­de­be­li sit­yva er­Tgva­ri wev­re­bis wi­naa, ma­Sin mas­Tan iwe­re­ba
or­wer­ti­li, xo­lo er­Tgva­ri wev­re­bis Sem­deg ki _ ti­re. ma­ga­li­Tad: sas­
ko­lo niv­Te­bi: Can­Te­bi, wig­ne­bi, rveu­le­bi, sa­xa­ta­ve­bi, sa­xa­za­ve­bi _ sak­maod
ia­fad iyi­de­bo­da am ma­Ra­zia­Si.
Tu gan­saz­Rvre­be­bi er­Ti niS­nis mi­xed­viT axa­sia­Te­ben sa­gans, er­Tgva­ri gan­
saz­Rvre­be­bia da maT So­ris mZi­me dai­we­re­ba; mag­ram Tu gan­saz­Rvre­be­bi er­
Tgva­ri araa, anu er­Ti niS­nis mi­xed­viT ar axa­sia­Te­ben sa­gans, ma­Sin maT So­
ris mZi­me ar dai­we­re­ba. ma­ga­li­Tad: ia mSve­nie­ri pa­wa­wi­na su­nia­ni yva­vi­lia.

62
 metyvelebisas da werisas aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT, ra saxis
uaryofis gamoxatva gvinda _ martivi uaryofisa (arc... arc, aRarc... aRarc),
SesaZleblobis uaryofisa (verc... verc, veRarc... veRarc) Tu akrZalvisa
(nurc... nurc, nuRarc... nuRarc). gvaxsovdes, rom zmnis formac marTebu-
lad gamoviyenoT.
roca Tu kavSiri majgufebeli kavSiris funqciiTaa gamoyenebuli (anu
aerTebs or sityvas), maSin winadadebaSi mZime ar iwereba, magaliTad:
gazafxulia da sofelSi didi Tu patara samuSaod miemarTeba.
arc...arc, verc...verc, nurc...nurc, aRarc...aRarc, kidec...kidec da sxva ms-
gavsi kavSirebis gamoyenebisas unda gaviTavaliswinoT Semdegi: Tu wina-
dadebaSi da kavSiria gamoyenebuli, mZime aRar iwereba, xolo Tu da kav-
Siri araa gamoyenebuli, mZime daiwereba: verc xvewniT, verc mudariT ver

py
daajera. arc me waval, arc Sen waxvide. omidan dabrunebulma verc ojaxi
Seqmna, verc saxl-kari aRadgina. nurc sxvisas indomeb rames, nurc sxvis
qonebaze dagrCeba Tvali.
mZime iwereba araTu...aramed, ara marto...aramed, rogorc...ise, Tan... Tan kav-
Sirebian winadadebebSi: araTu waval, aramed pasuxsac movTxov. ara marto
Co
kargad moiqca, aramed sxvebsac magaliTi misca.
mZime iwereba macalkevebeli kavSirebis gamoyenebisas: dedis win morbenal
kvics an mgeli SeWams, an mglis Svili.
Tu winadadebaSi rogorc ... ise kavSiris gamoyenebisas qvemdebareebad su-
lieri sagnis aRmniSvneli sityvebia, zmna-Semasmeneli mravlobiTi ricxvis
formiT Seewyoba. magaliTad: rogorc maswavlebeli, ise moswavleebi sko­
laSi adre movidnen.
n't

praqtikuli savarjiSoebi

gadaiwereT winadadebebi da dasviT Sesabamisi sasveni niSnebi:

1. ginda es masala waiRe saxlis asaSeneblad ginda Tanxas mogcem da Sen Tavad
Do

iyide masala.
2. veRarc davbrundebi veRarc Cems saTqmels vetyvi xalxs.
3. xan dakvirvebiT uyurebda axalmosuls xanac dafiqrdeboda da Tvalebs
da­xuWavda TiTqos undoda kargad gaexsenebina sad enaxa es kaci.
4. araTu minaxavs es pirovneba aramed kargadac vicnob.
5. rogorc moswavleebi ise maswavleblebi unda gamocxaddnen skolaSi orSa-
baTs diliT.
6. Tan kiTxulobs Tan fanjridan Tvals adevnebs bavSvebis TamaSs.
7. an me TviTon movitan am wigns or dReSi an Cems megobars gamovatan.
8. xan kiTxulobs xan wers xanac televizors uyurebs.
9. Sen Tund darCi Tund wadi me xeli ar meSleba.
10. nuRarc mkiTxav da nuRarc dainteresdebi am ambiT me arafers aRar vityvi.

63
 qvemoT mocemulia teqsti, romelic dayofilia ramdenime nawilad. imuSaveT
jgu­febSi: dainawileT monakveTebi da gadaiwereT rveulSi. dasviT gamotovebuli
sasveni niSnebi. Semdeg jgufSi CamoayalibeT is principebi, romelTa gaTva­lis­
winebiT dawereT sasveni niSnebi. warmoadgineT Tqveni mosazrebebi jgufebis wi­naSe.
TiToeuli jgufis gamosvlis Semdeg erTad gaaanalizeT:
sworad iyo Tu ara dasmuli sasveni niSnebi;
sworad iyo Tu ara axsnili sasveni niSnis dasmis wesi.
1. `sad­Rac mge­li ay­muv­lda es ar iyo sa­na­di­rod ga­mo­su­li mglis ymui­li es
iyo Si­Sis za­ri tye ra­Rac Seuc­no­bel SiSs moec­va Sve­li wa­mod­ga mu­xas ek­vro­
da kan­ka­leb­da Tan Si­SiT Tan si­ci­viT mglis ymui­li uf­ro So­ri­dan mois­ma aman
co­ta daam­Svi­da mag­ram mu­xas mainc ar mos­ci­le­bia ase id­ga did­xans xan da­xu­
Wav­da xan gaa­xel­da Tva­lebs bo­los daR­li­li ga­Tan­gu­li isev daw­va dai­Zi­na

py
Zil­Si es­mo­da fif­qe­bis Ca­mi­Cu­mic ki Sua­Ra­mi­sas wif­lis di­di to­ti Ca­mot­yda
la­wa­niT Ca­moi­ta­na im tot­ma sxva to­te­bic Sve­li wa­mox­ta ic­di­da ki­dev ra mox­
de­bo­da eC­ve­ne­bo­da rom To­va ma­tu­lob­da ki­dev Ca­mot­yda sad­Rac sxva to­ti
Sve­li id­ga da kan­ka­leb­da bo­los mainc daw­va isev Tva­le­bi da­xu­Wa dai­Zi­na
Co
2. rom ga­riJ­raJ­da Sem­krTa­li wa­mod­ga Tov­li ga­la­va­ni­viT Se­mov­le­bo­da ir­
gvliv isev Ca­mo­diod­nen fif­qe­bi Svel­ma is­ku­pa Tov­lis ga­la­vans ga­daev­lo
mag­ram muc­lam­de Caif­lo ki­dev is­ku­pa nax­to­mi ar ga­mou­vi­da xte­bo­da Tovls
abu­qeb­da SeS­fo­Te­bu­li Se­Cer­da id­ga aqeT­-i­qiT ixe­de­bo­da sa­co­da­vad dai­xav­
la Tov­lSi iw­va maR­li­da­nac Tovls adeb­da mob­run­da Tov­lis bu­qe­biT isev
mu­xas­Tan mi­vi­da mu­xis Zir­Si sim­Sra­lec iyo siT­boc xme­li ba­la­xe­bic is ba­la­
xe­bi mo­wiw­kna me­re xav­sic Sea­xox­na mu­xas id­ga to­kav­da as­wev­da da daad­gam­da
xan erT fexs xan meo­res mib­run­de­bo­da elo­de­bo­da mzes mo­vi­do­da mze Tovls
n't
daad­nob­da dab­la das­wev­da Sve­li tyveo­bi­dan gan­Ta­vi­suf­lde­bo­da mag­ram ise
da­Ram­da is dRe arc mze ga­mo­Ce­ni­la arc To­va Sew­yve­ti­la Tov­lis ga­la­van­ma
im­de­nad ai­wia ayel­ye­la­ve­ba ux­de­bo­da rom dab­la ga­dae­xe­da ayel­ye­lav­de­bo­
da ga­dai­xe­dav­da dab­la ra un­da dae­na­xa TeT­rad mi­bun­do­va­ne­bu­li tye Tov­li
Tov­li dai­xev­da ukan miek­vre­bo­da mu­xas da id­ga an xavss axox­ni­da xan aq xan iq
tyde­bo­da to­te­bi
Do

3. Svel­ma ico­da ra xme­bic iyo es mainc krTo­da daw­ve­bo­da Cae­Zi­ne­bo­da ma­

le­ve gaiR­vi­Zeb­da si­ci­viT Se­wu­xe­bu­li wria­leb­da isev daw­ve­bo­da mxo­lod ga­
Te­ne­bi­sas Ca­yuC­da yve­la­fe­ri To­va Sew­yda xeebs So­ris var­skvla­ve­bi ga­moC­nda
yin­vam ima­ta mag­ram Svels mainc Tva­leb­Si ime­di Caud­ga ma­le mze amo­vi­do­da
mar­Tlac mTlad rom ga­Ten­da jer mzis sxi­ve­bi mo­vid­nen xee­bis ken­we­roeb­ze
me­re Tvi­Ton gu­liT mci­na­ri mzec mob­rZan­da Sve­li Seh­yu­reb­da Seh­fo­fi­neb­da
kuds si­xa­ru­liT aqi­ci­neb­da daiw­yo Tov­lma dno­ba Sve­li ga­fa­ci­ce­bu­li us­men­
da xee­bi­dan Tov­lis naf­le­Te­bis cve­nas sul eC­ve­ne­bo­da vi­Rac mo­dio­da rbil
Tov­lze na­Suad­Re­vis­Tvis mzem ise im­Zlav­ra sa­dac Sve­li id­ga iq wyal­ma ga­mo­
Jo­na Tov­lis ga­la­va­ni aS­ka­rad da­dab­lda mxia­ru­li kiv­ki­viT mof­rin­da mu­xa­ze
ori ko­da­la ate­xes ka­ku­ni uyu­reb­da Sve­li ko­da­lebs maT gar­jas Tvi­To­nac
gu­li eZ­leo­da xavss ve­Rar swvde­bo­da ga­dax­ta Tov­lis ga­la­vans iqiT
(re­vaz ina­niS­vi­li `Sve­li zam­Tar­Si~)

64
 16 winadadeba wevrTa Sedgenilobis mixedviT -2

mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi ?
1. gaixseneT winadadebis saxeebi wevrTa Sedgenilobis mixedviT.
2. SegiZliaT daasaxeloT martivi gauvrcobeli winadadebis magaliTi?
3. rogor fiqrobT, ufro metad teqstebSi ra saxis winadadebebi gxvdebaT?
ratom fiqrobT ase?

sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi .
winadadebis

py
saxe wevrTa ganmarteba ni­mu­Se­bi
Sedgenilobis
mixedviT

gauvrcobeli Sei­cavs mxo­lod mTa­var wev­ na­Tiam sa­lo­mes we­ri­li mis­we­ra.

winadadeba rebs _ Se­mas­me­nels, qvem­de­ba­
Co de­dam bav­Svebs nam­cxva­ri ga­
res, pir­d a­p ir da­m a­t e­b as da mouc­xo.
irib da­ma­te­bas. ma­ma bav­Svebs eTa­ma­Se­ba.
gavrcobili cavs ro­
Sei­ gorc mTa­
var, ise go­go­na kar­gad la­pa­ra­kobs in­
winadadeba aram­Ta­var wev­rebs. gli­su­rad.
ma­rias Za­lian mos­wons poe­zia.
bav­Sve­bi sko­la­Si di­di si­xa­ru­
liT mi­dian.
n't
sruli ar­cer­Ti wev­ri ar aris ga­mo­ tyis mcvel­ma ga­moq­va­bul­Tan
winadadeba to­ve­bu­li. ori Sve­li Seam­Cnia.
Te­m om ma­g i­d is na­T u­r is Cam­
rTvels xe­li daa­Wi­ra.
usruli Tu mas­Si ga­mo­to­ve­bu­lad igu­ yve­la­fe­ri or saaT­Si ga­va­ke­TeT.
Do

winadadeba lis­xme­ba er­Ti an me­ti wev­ri, di­l i­d an sa­R a­m om­d e ve­l o­d e
mag­ram mi­si aR­dge­na ad­vi­la­daa anas.
Se­s aZ­l e­b e­l i. us­r u­l i wi­n a­ Tva­le­bis ga­xe­la ver moas­wro,
da­de­be­bi Zi­ri­Ta­dad gvxvde­ba ise dau­Za­xes.
dia­lo­geb­Si. eniT au­we­rel­ma si­xa­rul­ma Se­
mip­yro.
uqvemdebaro wi­na­da­de­ba­Si ar aris qvem­de­ba­ wvims.
winadadeba re da arc igu­lis­xme­ba. am­gvar Tovs.
wi­na­da­de­bebs Zi­ri­Ta­dad qmnis cxe­la.
pir­nak­li, bu­ne­bis mov­le­ne­bis, max­ve­lebs.
jan­mrTe­lo­bis mdgo­ma­reo­bis bavSvs ace­mi­nebs.
ga­m om­x at­v e­l i zmna-­S e­m as­m en­ da­Ram­da.
le­bi.

65
 saxeldebiTi uSe­mas­men­lo wi­na­da­de­ba, Zi­ri­
winadadeba Ta­dad ga­moi­ye­ne­ba sa­xe­lo­biT
brun­v a­S i das­m u­l i sit­y ve­b i.
ase­Ti wi­na­da­de­be­bi gvxvde­ba
mxat­vrul li­te­ra­tu­ra­Si, poe­
zia­Si.
„mdi­na­ree­bi Cqa­re­bi,
cis­fe­ri, cis­fe­ri Wa­la­ke­bi,
qa­le­bi Cu­me­bi da wyna­re­bi,
ka­ce­bi, co­ta ama­ye­bi!
koS­ke­bi war­sul­ze gam­wyra­li,
zrdi­li da sal­mia­ni bav­Sve­bi,
kai mo­ti­ra­li qal­-rZa­li,
kai mo­qar­Tu­le max­vSe­bi.
mur­man le­ba­ni­Ze

Se­ma­ja­me­be­li da­va­le­be­bi

py
wai­kiT­xeT qve­moT mo­ce­mu­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi da im­sje­leT, ra sa­xis wi­na­da­de­baa,
pa­su­xi daa­sa­bu­TeT:
1. mTis mdi­na­re rec­xavs kldis na­pi­rebs sof­lis qve­moT.
2. mo­ma­val ja­ris­ka­cebs So­ris xu­Ti cxe­no­sa­nic Se­niS­nes.
3. cxe­la, Za­lian cxe­la.
Co
4. Ti­na sa­wer ma­gi­das gaw­men­dda, ga­zeTs ga­daa­fa­reb­da, zed daa­la­geb­da sa­
gul­da­gu­lod gaw­men­dil jam­-Wur­Wels.
5. „la­maz min­dor­ze TrTis, kan­ka­lebs Crdi­li vaS­lis xis.“ (a­na ka­lan­da­Ze)
6. ci­vi Ra­me Ca­mow­va.
7. ka­pi­tan­ma bur­Ti oTars gau­go­ra.
8. es myud­ro oTa­xi aRarc mi­zi­davs, aRarc maT­bobs.
9. gaw­vim­da.
10. „lur­ji ba­la­xi mxa­ram­di... TeT­nul­dze ­_ Tov­li ma­ra­di, ve­nax­ze _ mze da
n't
ba­dax­Si.“ (a­na ka­lan­da­Ze)
11. qa­li xan ti­ro­da, xan ici­no­da.
12. ja­ris­ka­ce­bi ax­la me­Tau­ri­sad­mi sxva­nair SiS­sa da rids ga­nic­did­nen.
13. qo­ri xo­xobs dae­dev­na.
14. „Wad­re­bi na­ti­fe­bi, gvi­ri­le­bi na­ze­bi, Wrel­ka­ba sa­Ti­be­bi, dag­re­xi­li va­ze­
Do

bi.“ (mur­man le­ba­ni­Ze)

15. va­Jam me wig­ni ma­Cu­qa.
16. kav­ka­sio­nis Tav­ze le­ga Rrub­le­bi seir­nob­dnen, xan gai­we­le­bod­nen, xan Sei­
kum­Se­bod­nen.
17. zo­gierTs cir­kis mas­xa­ra­sa­viT Wre­li, ga­nie­ri, far­Txu­na Sar­va­li ec­va.
18. er­Tba­Sad iel­va da iWe­qa.
19. „Ca­mo­Tov­li­li qe­de­bi, mde­lo ya­ya­Co­na­re­vi, ati­re­bu­li ede­mi, obo­li yva­
vil­na­re­bi.“ (a­na ka­lan­da­Ze)
20. var­skvla­veb­ma Tva­le­bi da­xu­Wes.
21. uk­ve bne­lo­da da cio­da.
22. Svi­li am­xa­na­gad ki ar wa­moiy­va­na, ara­med mow­med.
23. ga­reT uk­ve cio­da.
24. „nar­be­ni ka­cis gu­li­viT feT­qavs saa­Tic, qu­Cac, fo­To­lic, wve­Tic.“ (o­Tar
Wi­la­Ze)

66
 17 gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi

mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi ?
1. rogor fiqrobT, ras niSnavs gankerZoeba da gankerZoebuli sityvebi da
ga­moTqmebi?
2. Tqveni azriT, gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi winadadebis wevrebi
aris Tu ara? ratom fiqrobT ase?
3. rogor fiqrobT, raime sasveni niSani daiwereba amgvar gamoTqmebTan? ro­
me­li da ratom?

gan­xil­vam­de .

py
daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul winadadebebs: SegiZliaT axsnaT, ratom iwe­
re­ba mZime am winadadebebSi?

levan, Zalian minda SenTan dalaparakeba.

naTia dRes, samwuxarod, ver movida Sexvedraze.
Co
Tqven, cxadia, kargad iciT gansaxilveli sakiTxebis CamonaTvali.
Sexvedra gaimarTeba xval, oTxSabaTs, dilis 11 saaTze.
aba, megobrebo, yvelam erTxmad mivulocoT dabadebis dRes Cvens Tana­
kla­sels!

sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi
n't
winadadebaSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes iseTi sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, romlebic wi­na­
da­debis wevrebad ar iTvleba. amgvar sityvebsa da gamoTqmebs gankerZoeba hqvia.
na­da­
gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi yovelTvis mZimiT gamoiyofa wi­
de­baSi.
daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul cxrilebs da Tqven Tavad imsjeleT gankerZoe-
Do

bis Sesaxeb:
gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi

sazRvrulis Semdeg ganmarteba nimuSebi

dasmuli gansazRvreba

gankerZoebuli msaz­Rvre­lis Sem­deg nisli, dabla Camowoli-

gansazRvreba das­mu­li gan­saz­Rvre­ba. li, abnelebda midamos.

gankerZoebuli wi­na­da­de­ba­Si mo­ce­mu­li xval, orSabaTs,

garemoeba er­Ti ga­re­moe­bis skolaSi mivdivar.
da­ma­zus­te­be­li, nana iqiT, karadasTan,
da­ma­kon­kre­te­be­li. idga.

67
 danarTi wi­na­da­de­bis ro­me­li­me miriani, gvarad
wev­ris Se­sa­xeb da­ma­te­bi­ margiani, skolaSi
Ti in­f or­m a­c iis ga­m om­ muSaobda.
xat­ve­li: komSi, anu bia,
saxelad, gvarad, surnelovani xilia.
warmoSobiT,
warmomavlobiT,
magaliTad, vTqvaT,
saxeldobr,
gansakuTrebiT, anu,
ese igi (e. i.)...

py
CarTuli Car­Tu­li ga­mo­xa­tavs cxadia, es yvelaferi
mTqme­lis da­mo­ki­de­bule- male dasrulda.
bas ga­mo­naT­qva­mi­sad­mi. ra Tqma unda, mariams
Car­Tu­li sit­yve­bi­sa da yvelaferi vuTxari.
ga­moT­qme­bis cxri­li ixi-
Co leT cal­ke.

mimarTva wo­de­biT­Si das­mu­li guram, aq modi.

sa­xe­li. ras ambob, kaco!

migebiTi nawilaki da­das­tu­re­bi­sa da ho, male moval.

uar­yo­fis na­wi­la­ke­bi. ara, ar minda.

Sorisdebuli emo­ciis ga­mom­xat­ve­li yoCaR, Cemo kargo!

n't
for­me­bi.

CarTuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi mniSvnelobisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT

ramdenime jgufad erTiandeba:
Do

Car­Tu­lis jgu­fe­bi Si­naar­sis CarTuli sityvebi da

mi­xed­viT gamoTqmebi

mTqme­l i wi­n a­d a­d e­b iT ga­m o­
xa­tul azrs afa­sebs ro­gorc
ueW­v els, ut­y uars, nam­d vil
faqts:
ra­sak­vir­ve­lia, ra Tqma un­da, cxa­dia, Ta­vis­Ta­
vad cxa­dia, ueW­ve­lia, mar­Tlac, tyui­lia, me
rom mkiT­xoT, ram­de­na­dac max­sovs, arc me­ti
arc nak­le­bi, yo­vel Sem­Txve­va­Si, sul er­Tia,
sul di­di, bo­los­da­bo­los...

wi­na­da­de­biT ga­moT­qmu­li az­ri
Se­fa­se­bu­lia ro­gorc va­rau­di,
saeW­vo, sa­Tuo an sae­ge­bio:
mgo­ni, mgo­nia, vgo­neb, ro­gorc Cans, Cans, et­yo-­
ba, et­yo­bo­da, ro­gorc vat­yob, co­ta ar iyos,
Tu ar vcde­bi, ro­gorc vxe­dav(T), kac­ma rom
Tqvas, vin icis, iq­ne­ba, vfiq­rob, er­Ti Se­xed­viT,
er­Tic vna­xoT, vTqvaT, ase Tu ise...

68
Car­Tu­li ga­moT­qme­bi afa­sebs
faqts Cveu­leb­rio­bis, aRiare-
bu­li WeS­ma­ri­te­bis an gan-
zoga­de­bis Tval­saz­ri­siT:
Car­Tu­li ga­mo­xa­tavs mTqme­lis
grZno­bas, ro­me­lic emo­ciu-­
rad afa­sebs wi­na­da­de­biT ga-­
mo­xa­tul azrs:
Car­Tu­li miu­Ti­Tebs wi­na­da-­
deba­Si ga­moT­qmu­li az­ris
wya­ros, aR­niS­navs, vi­si kuT­-
vni­le­baa igi:
Car­Tu­li afa­sebs kon­kre­tu­li
wi­na­da­de­biT ga­moT­qmu­li az­-
ris for­mas: Co
Car­Tu­li gad­mo­ce­mu­lia meo­re
pi­ris for­miT da xazs us­vams
wi­na­da­de­biT ga­moT­qmul azrs
an emo­cias:
Car­Tu­li ga­mo­xa­tavs mTqme­lis
da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­bas win ga­moT­-
qmul az­reb­Tan:
n't
Do
Car­Tu­lia saa­ler­so sit­yve­bi,
fi­cis for­mu­le­bi:
gaxsovdeT:
gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi yovelTvis mZimiT gamoiyofa
winadadebis danarCeni wevrebisagan.
Cveu­leb­riv, ro­g orc we­si, we­sis Ta­nax­mad,
ro­gorc vi­ciT, ro­gorc cno­bi­lia, ro­gorc
yo­vel­Tvis, ro­gorc xSi­rad xde­ba xol­me, saer-­
Tod, sa­zo­ga­dod...
sam­wu­xa­rod, sa­bed­nie­rod, sau­be­du­rod, Cven-­
da sa­si­xa­ru­lod, be­dad, ra­Rac be­dad, ra­Rac
eS­ma­kad, RvTiT, RvTis Se­wev­niT, Cem­da iR­blad,
ra vqna, mtri­sas...
Ce­mi az­riT, Se­ni az­riT, ma­gis az­riT, rom it-­
yvian, xal­xis Tqmu­le­biT, am­bo­ben, ro­gorc
Zve­lad am­bob­dnen, ga­ze­Te­bis cno­biT, mi­si /
py
Ce­mi war­mod­ge­niT...
uf­ro swo­rad rom vTqvaT, ase vTqvaT, ukeT
rom vTqvaT, ukeT, vTqvaT, uf­ro swo­rad...
nu ga­gik­vir­de­baT, war­moid­gi­neT, mo­gex­se­ne-­
baT, Tu gne­bavT, ro­gorc get­yo­baT, ro­gorc
mo­gex­se­ne­baT, Tqven war­moid­gi­neT, iciT, ase
ifiq­reT, ase ga­sin­keT, Sen xar Ce­mi ba­to­ni...
jer er­Ti, ... meo­re(c), Ta­nac, er­Ti mxriv, ... me-
o­re mxriv, pir­ve­li, ...meo­re, er­Ti sit­yviT, am-­
gva­rad, ase da am­ri­gad, ma­Sa­sa­da­me, da­sas­rul,
ro­gorc vTqviT, ro­gorc aR­vniS­neT, ro­gorc
ze­viT vTqviT, ro­gorc ze­moT iyo naT­qva­mi,
ro­gorc mo­gax­se­neT, vi­meo­reb, ase rom, uf­ro
me­tic, miT ume­tes, mok­led, amas­Ta­na­ve, sxvaTa
So­ris, maT So­ris, sit­yva­ze, ma­ga­li­Tad, pi­ri-
qiT, sa­ma­gie­rod...
Se­ni Wi­ri­me, Sen ge­nac­va­le, Se­ni kvne­sa­me, Tavs
Semo­gev­le, ge­Tay­va­ne, ge­Tay­va, de­daS­vi­lo­bam,
Zmo­bam, Svi­li­sa, Rmer­Tma­ni, Cem­ma mzem, Sen­ma
mzem, ge­fi­ce­bi...
69
 savarjiSoebi analizisaTvis:

I. amoiwereT Seswavlili teqstidan winadadebebi, romlebSic aris gankerZoeba

da imsjeleT mis Sesaxeb: gankerZoebis romeli saxea, winadadebis romel naw­
ilSi gvxvdeba igi _ TavSi, SuaSi Tu winadadebis boloSi da rogor gamoiyofa
igi winadadebis wevrebisagan.

II. gadawere winadadeba, Casvi CarTuli sityva winadadebaSi da dasvi saTanado

sasveni niSnebi:
1. amis Sesaxeb araferi vicodi (samwuxarod)
2. me mecnieri ar gaxlavarT magram amis Sesaxeb bevri ram vici (rasakvir-
velia)
3. mamidaCemma es ambavi SarSan momiyva (sxvaTa Soris)

py
4. axalgazrdas amgvari mimarTva ar esiamovna (rogorc Cans)
5. am sofels es saxeli Tavisi adgilmdebareobis mixedviT daerqva (vfiq­
rob)
6. es ase ar moxdeba (rasakvirvelia)
7. zogierTma TamnamSromelma ukve icoda guSin momxdari incidentis Sesa­
Co
xeb (ra Tqma unda).
8. Tqven gambedavi adamiani yofilxarT (rogorc gatyobT).
9. TaTia amas ver xvdeboda (cxadia)
10. dakargulis gamoCenis ambavi swrafad moedo qalaqs (sabednierod)

III. dasviT mZimeebi:

1. es ambavi rasakvirvelia mTel qalaqSi gavrcelda.
n't
2. ra Tqma unda momxdarma yvela gaaoca.
3. TavisTavad cxadia amas aravin eloda.
4. ueWvelia momxdari Zalian kargi magaliTi iqneba yvelasaTvis.
5. marTlac didi moulodneloba iyo CemTvis Tqveni aq naxva.
6. maxsovs ezoSi SesvlisTanave davinaxe TavSeyrili xalxi.
Do

7. me rom mkiTxoT, ase didi problema sulac ar unda iyos.

8. arc meti arc naklebi mec erT-erTi monawile var am programisa.
9. yovel SemTxvevaSi me ase ar vfiqrob.
10. sulerTia amas xvalisTvis mainc ver movaswreb.

praqtikuli davaleba

I. gadaakeTeT Cveulebrivi gansazRvreba gankerZoebul gansazRvrebad:

1. qeifisagan gamxiarulebuli xalxi daSlas ar apirebda.
2. ganawyenebuli ninika xmas ar iRebda.
3. Tavdauzogavad momuSave otia ojaxs Zlivs arCenda.
4. lamazi bunebiT moxibluli maTe mouTmenlad eloda mzis amosvlas.
5. metad daRlili levani ramdenime xnis Semdeg movida.
70
 6. nanaxiT gaocebuli bavSvi xmas ver iRebda.
7. brwyinvale samosSi gamowyobili qalbatoni zRaprul ferias hgavda.
8. xmaurisagan daRlil merines male daeZina.
9. patronis CamosvliT gaxarebuli lekvi quds aqicinebda da gauCereb-
lad yefda.
10. TeTri TovliT dafarul myinvars mze dasdgomoda.

II. dasviT mZimeebi:

1. ase idga ori gogona Tavdaxrili da dabneuli.
2. alvis xe maRali da aSoltili am ezos mSvenebaa.
3. xis ZirSi RobesTan axlos ZaRli iwva.

py
4. saguramosTan axlos nafetvarSi lamazi orsarTuliani saxli gvaqvs.
5. botanikur baRs unikalursa da gansakuTrebuls wels samasi weli Seus-
ruldeba.
6. bevri studenti Tavdajerebuli da progresulad moazrovne Tamamad
usvamda axal reqtors kiTxvebs.
7. me zeg samSabaTs TbilisSi ar viqnebi.
Co
8. gmiri usamarTlobasTan mebrZoli zneobrivad mudam gamarjvebulia.
9. cicabo kldeze ase ociode metris simaRleze gaekeTebina mercxals
bude.
10. meore dRes orSabaTs diliT adre avdeqi da pirdapir gurams movadeqi
saxlSi.
11. bostani ezos boloSi hqonda kaklis xeebis iqeT.
12. imereTSi erT patara sofelSi gaatara bavSvoba akaki wereTelma.
n't
13. gzis gadaRma tyesTan kurdReli SevniSne.
14. patara qalbatoni Tvalebgabrwyinebuli ocnebaSi wasuliyo.
15. etlSi minago ijda odnav gaRimebuli da Sublze xelmidebuli

II. dawereT mZimeebi:

Do

1. momavalSi sadme rom SemxvdeT vin icis iqneb veRarc ki micnoT.

2. am saqmis xvalisTvis gadadeba vfiqrob araa gamarTlebuli.
3. erTi SexedviT cudi kaci ar unda iyos.
4. vTqvaT me Tqveni axlobeli var amiT ra Seicvleba?
5. am ambavSi ase Tu ise yvelas migviZRvis brali.
6. erTi SexedviT Tqven udanaSaulo brZandebiT magram vnaxoT gamoZieba
ras ityvis.
7. rogorc vatyob axla yvela Cemgan moelis bolo sityvas.
8. maSin ramdenadac maxsovs Tqven marto brZandebodiT CemTan mosuli.
9. es Setakeba samwuxarod msxverpliT dasrulda.
10. natom Cvenda sasixarulod konkursSi gaimarjva da axla sazRvargareT
miiwveven erTi wliT samuSaod.
11. Cveni qveyana RvTis SewevniT ukeTes momavals aaSenebs.
71
 12. kopala zepirgadmocemis mixedviT beri yofila.
13. sanadiro adgilebi am mxareSi mgoni arc unda iyos.
14. bolos da bolos es CaxlarTuli ambavic gaixsna da saidumloebac ga-
momJRavnda.
15. rogorc getyobaT Tqven jer ar gagigiaT momxdaris Sesaxeb.
16. rogorc mogexsenebaT uxerxulia sakuTar Tavze laparaki magram ram-
denime ram mainc minda giTxraT.
17. Tqven warmoidgineT amis Sesaxeb dRes pirvelad mesmis.
18. es mcenareebi rogorc aRvniSneT ZiriTadad alpur zonaSi izrdeba.
19. rogorc zemoT vTqviT adamianebs urTierTndoba da siyvaruli akav-
SirebT.

py
20. marTalia Tqven daigvianeT samagierod me siurprizi maqvs TqvenTvis.

rogor gamovxatoT saTqmeli

gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi xSirad gamogadgebaT werasa da zepir

gamosvlebSi, kerZod:Co
Tqveni poziciis, damokidebulebis gamoxatvisas;
varaudis gamoTqmisas;
aRiarebuli WeSmaritebis moxmobisas, ganzogadebis xazgasasmelad an logi-
kuri daskvnis gamotanis dros;
faqtis an movlenis emociuri Sefasebisas;
gamoyenebuli wyaros miTiTebisas;
azris dazustebisaTvis;
n't
azris mwyobrad CamoyalibebisaTvis;
axali azris wina mosazrebebTan mimarTebis gamosaxatavad;

yovelTvis gaxsovdeT:
werisas CarTuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi mZimiT unda gamoiyos, zepirmetyve­
Do

le­bi­sas _ mciredi pauziT.

xelaxla gadaxedeT CarTuli sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis cxrils da CamoTva­

leT is enobrivi saSualebebi, romlebic am miznebisaTvis iqneba gamosaye­
ne­beli.
SearCieT TqvenTvis sasurveli Tematika, imsjeleT, Semdeg ki dawereT
Tqve­ni mosazreba mocemuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. msjelobisas da azris we­
ri­lobiT gadmocemisas gamoiyeneT CarTuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi.
skola da moswavle;
CemTvis idealuri skola;
wignis roli pirovnebis CamoyalibebaSi;
enebis codnis mniSvneloba;
literatura da kargi mkiTxveli.
72
 18 rTuli winadadeba. rTuli winadadebis saxeebi

mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi ?
1. Tqveni azriT, ra gansaxvavebaa martiv da rTul winadadebebs Soris?
2. rogor fiqrobT, rTuli winadadebebi erTgvaria, Tu maT Sorisac gamoiyofa
garkveuli saxis winadadebebi?
3. ras geubnebaT sityvebi „Tanwyobili“ da `qvewyobili“?

gan­xil­vam­de .
daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul winadadebebs da imsjeleT, ra gansxvavebaa maT

py
Soris?

„sio msubuqad mimoarxevs vaSlis xeivans, TeTri yvavili lurj min­dor­

ze dajdeba rokviT.“ (ana kalandaZe)
yvelam Seityo, moxuci mwvrTneli Zalian Relavda.
yvela fiqrobs, rom mas ecodineba yvelaferi misi bavSvobis Sesaxeb.
Co
„Sen rom gamSordi, Txel nafexurebs didxans umzerdnen xidan Citebi.“
(niko samadaSvili)

sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi
wi­na­da­de­be­bi zo­ga­dad iyo­fa mar­tiv da rTul wi­na­da­de­be­bad. mar­ti­vi wi­na­da­
de­ba er­Ti zmnis­gan da mas­Tan Si­naar­sob­ri­vad da­kav­Si­re­bu­li wev­re­bis­gan Sed­ge­ba,
rTu­li wi­na­da­de­ba ki moi­cavs ori (an me­ti) zmni­sa­gan da mas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li
n't
wev­re­bis­gan Sem­dgar kon­struq­ciebs.

daak­vir­diT qve­moT mo­ce­mul sqe­mas da im­sje­leT mis Se­sa­xeb: msje­lo­bi­sas Se­

iZ­le­ba ga­moi­ye­noT an mih­yveT qve­moT mo­ce­mul Se­kiT­xvebs:
1. ra gan­asxva­vebs er­Tma­ne­Ti­sa­gan mar­tiv da rTul wi­na­da­de­bebs?
Do

2. ro­go­ria mar­ti­vi wi­na­da­de­bis sa­xee­bi?

3. ro­go­ri SeiZ­le­ba iyos rTu­li wi­na­da­de­ba?
4. ra ga­nas­xva­vebs er­Tma­ne­Tis­gan rTul Tan­wyo­bil da rTul qvew­yo­bil wi­na­
da­de­bebs?
5. ris­gan Sed­ge­ba rTu­li qvew­yo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­ba?
6. ram­de­ni sa­xi­saa rTu­li qvew­yo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­ba?
7. ras geub­ne­baT rTu­li qvew­yo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­be­bis sa­xee­bi da ma­Ti sa­xel­wo­
de­be­bi?
8. ro­gor fiq­robT, ra ro­li aqvs mTa­var wi­na­da­de­bas qvew­yo­bil wi­na­da­de­ba­Si?
9. ro­gor fiq­robT, ra ro­li aqvs da­mo­ki­de­bul wi­na­da­de­bas qvew­yo­bil wi­na­
da­de­ba­Si?
10. ro­gor ga­moi­yo­fa er­Tma­ne­Ti­sa­gan qvew­yo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­be­bis Se­mad­ge­ne­li
wi­na­da­de­be­bi?
73
 winadadebis tipebi
agebulebis mixedviT

martivi winadadeba rTuli winadadeba

py
martivi winadadebis rTuli Tanwyobili rTuli qvewyobilis
saxeebi winadadeba _ Sedgeba winadadeba _
wevrTa ori an meti Sedgeba mTavari
Sedgenilobis martivi da damokidebuli
mixedviT winadadebisagan winadadebebisagan
Co
Serwymuli winadadeba _ romelSic
ramdenime erTgvari wevria
qvemdebaruli damokidebuli
winadadeba _ vinc, rac, rom, Tu

gauvrcobeli winadadeba _ damatebiTi damokidebuli

romelSic mxolod mTavari wevrebia winadadeba _ vinc, rac, rom, Tu
n't

gavrcobili winadadeba _ romelSic gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli

Sedis meorexarisxovani wevrebic winadadeba _ romelic, rogoric,
ramdenic, iseTi _ rom...
Do

sruli winadadeba _ romelsac

wevri ar aklia garemoebiTi damokidebuli
winadadeba:

adgilis _ sad, saidanac,

usruli winadadeba _ romelsac
aklia wevri, magram igulisxmeba saiTkenac...
drois _ rodesac, roca, sanam,
rom, raki, maSinve...
uqvemdebaro winadadeba _ romelSic viTarebis _ rom, rogroc,
araa qvemdebare da arc igulisxmeba
TiTqos, ramdenadac...
mizezis _ radgan, imitom rom,
saxeldebiTi winadadeba _ romelSic vinaidan, raki...
araa zmna_Semasmeneli miznis _ raTa, rom...

74
 Sejameba
wi­na­da­de­ba age­bu­le­bis mi­xed­viT aris mar­ti­vi da rTu­li. q
mar­ti­vi wi­na­da­de­ba zmna-­Se­mas­men­li­sa da mas­Tan Si­naar­sob­ri­vad da­kav­Si­re­bu­
li wev­re­bi­sa­gan Sed­ge­ba. rTul wi­na­da­de­ba­Si ki SeiZ­le­ba ori an me­ti zmni­sa­gan
Sed­ge­ni­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi Se­dio­des.
rTu­li wi­na­da­de­ba Ta­vis­Ta­vad iyo­fa rTul Tan­wyo­bil wi­na­da­de­bad da rTul
qvew­yo­bil wi­na­da­de­bad.

rogor gamovxatoT saTqmeli

oficialur-saqmiani stili
1. literaturis wignSi Tqven gaecaniT Tavs „dokumentebiT moTxrobili am-
bavi“. daukvirdiT moTxrobaSi gansxvavebuli stiliT Seqmnil nawilebs da

py
Tqven Tavad aRmoaCineT is maxasiaTeblebi, rac oficialur-saqmians stils
aqvs.
2. daukvirdiT mocemul ganmartebas: stili aris enobrivi saSualebebis mi­
zanmimarTuli SerCeva. rogor fiqrobT, ra aris „enobrivi saSualebebi“ da
rogor gesmiT „mizanmimarTuli SerCeva“?
Co
oficialur-saqmiani stili gamoiyeneba moqalaqisa da saxelmwifo organoe-
bis samarTlebrivi urTierTobebisas. am stiliT iwereba kanonebi, dad-
genilebebi, brZanebebi, xelSekrulebebi, gancxadebebi, xelwerilebi...
oficialur-saqmian stils axasiaTebs:
konkretuloba, sizuste, obieqturoba, lakoniuroba,
gansazRvruli formati _ dokumentis daniSnuleba, xelmowera, TariRi,
aris standartuli, rac imas niSnavs, rom yovel dokuments aqvs garkveu-
n't
li standarti da misTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebi (anu enobrivi sa-
Sualebebi), romlebic meordeba yvela dokumentSi: aseTi formebia:
mogaxsenebT, rom... gacnobebT, rom... gTxovT, gaiTvaliswinoT... gTxovT,
damrToT neba...
umetesad axasiaTebs martivi konstruqciebi;
Do

SeasruleT davaleba:
1. daiyaviT jgufebad: SearCieT TqvenTvis sasurveli Sinaarsis gancxadeba,
dawereT da gaacaniT sxvebs.
2. SeafaseT, ramdenad aris daculi formati,
3. ramdenad mokled, lakoniurad aris gadmocemuli saTqmeli.
4. imsjeleT, ra tipis winadadebebi gamoiyeneT ufro metad: martivi Tu rTu-
li konstruqciisa?
gancxadeba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb;
axsna-ganmartebiTi gancxadeba gacdenili saaTebis Sesaxeb;
Txovnis Semcveli gancxadeba gacdenili saaTebis sapatiod CaTvlis Sesaxeb;
nebarTva biblioTekis saSvisTvis; gamofenis mowyobisTvis; eqskursiisTvis;
gancxadeba daxmarebs fondis SeqmnisTvis; klasgareSe wreSi CaricxvisTvis;
75
 19 rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba

? mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi
1. gaixseneT rTuli winadadeba da misi saxeebi?
2. gaixseneT rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis ganmarteba.
3. rogor SeiZleba daukavSirdes erTmaneTs winadadebis nawilebi?

. gan­xil­vam­de

daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul winadadebebs da imsjeleT, rogor ukav­

Sir­de­
bian erTmaneTs Semadgeneli winadadebebi?

py
„angelosebi zarebs rekaven, krTian maTi patara frTebi.“ (ana kalandaZe)
„gareT ki marTla movida Tovli da gafiTrebul kedlebis gaswvriv
Seciebuli yefen ZaRlebi.“ (oTar WilaZe)
„kldeze SerCenili euli xmeli xeebi dganan, irgvliv Semojaruli
Co
mTebi ki duman.“ (otia ioseliani)
„biWi gaacdens albaT leqcias, magram skolaSi wavlen bavSvebi.“ (murman
lebaniZe)
„xan wiTelfexeba kalia daaskupdeboda, xan SeSinebuli WianWvela
gadairbenda mis gluvsa da priala zedapirze.“ (oTar WilaZe)
„an ananuri wamoSlis banaks, an arSis cixe mTas gadmodgeba.“ (murman
lebaniZe)
n't

sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

rTul Tan­wyo­bil wi­na­da­de­ba­Si ori an me­ti Se­mad­ge­ne­li wi­na­da­de­ba Se­dis. Se­

mad­ge­ne­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi Se­iZ­le­ba iyos mar­ti­vi an Ser­wy­mu­li da isi­ni Se­iZ­le­ba
er­T­ma­neTs da­u­kav­Sir­d­nen kav­Si­riT an ukav­Si­rod.
Do

rTu­li Tan­wyo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­bis Se­mad­ge­nel wi­na­da­de­ba­Ta ma­kav­Si­re­be­li sa­Su­

a­le­be­bi igi­vea, rac Ser­wy­mul wi­na­da­de­beb­Si gvxvde­ba er­T­g­var wev­r­Ta da­sa­kav­Si­
reb­lad. ese­nia ma­er­Te­be­li kav­Si­re­bi.

SeerTebis saSualebebi nimuSebi

ukavSiro SeerTeba ca moiwminda, Rrublebi gadaiyara, mTidan

saamuri niavi wamovida.

majgufebeli kavSirebi: gareT isev Tovda da civi susxiani qari

da, arc...arc, verc...verc, uberavda.
nurc...nurc, aRarc...aRarc arc xmauri ismoda, arc Zexorcieli moCanda
sadme.

76
 macalkevebeli kavSirebi: tyeSi an tura ikivlebs, an mgli iymuvlebs.
an...an / an kidev xan...xan / saRamos parkSi xan bavSvebis Jriamuli ismis,
xan kidev xan axalgazrdebis sicils gaigoneb.

mapirispirebeli kavSirebi: dRe iyo wynari, magram mainc igrZnoboda

magram raRacis molodini.
xolo gogonebi oTaxSi Segrovebuliyvnen, xolo
biWebi ezoSi gamofeniliyvnen.
ki
gogona gaCumda, qali ki isev agrZelebda
laparaks.

py
rogor vweroT ukeTesad

Tu Semadgenel winadadebebs Soris ukavSiro SeerTebaa, maSin maT Soris

mZime iwereba. magaliTad: mze Cavida, sibnele Camowva.
magram, xolo kavSirebiT dawyebuli winadadeba Cveulebriv meore adgilas-
aa da mis win mZime iwereba. magaliTad: ar mindoda, magram aravin damijera.
Co
me wamovedi, xolo ana iq darCa.
Cveulebriv, mapirispirebeli kavSiri ki meore winadadebis SuaSia moqceu-
li, mZime iwereba Semadgenel winadadebaTa sazRvarze. magaliTad: ana mov­
ida, zurabi ki sofelSi darCa.

gramatikul codnas vamowmebT teqstebze 

amoiwereT literaturis saxelmZRvanelos romelime teqstidan aTi Tanwyobi-
n't
li winadadeba da imsjeleT:
1. gamoyaviT rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis Semadgeneli winadadebebi. ra
saxis martivi winadadebebi Sedis Tanwyobil winadadebaSi?
2. kavSiriani SeerTebaa Tu ukavSiro?
3. romeli kavSiria gamoyenebuli?
Do

4. axseniT, ra principiTaa winadadebaSi sasveni niSani gamoyenebuli, Tu araa

_ ratom?

77
 praqtikuli savarjiSo

qvemoT mocemulia teqsti, romelic dayofilia ramdenime nawilad: imuSaveT

jgufebSi: dainawileT monakveTebi da gadaiwereT rveulSi. dasviT gamotovebuli
sasveni niSnebi. Semdeg jgufSi CamoayalibeT is principebi, romelTa gaTvalis­
winebiT dawereT sasveni niSnebi. warmoadgineT Tqveni mosazrebebi jgufebis winaSe.
TiToeuli jgufis gamosvlis Semdeg erTad gaaanalizeT:
sworad iyo Tu ara dasmuli sasveni niSnebi;
sworad iyo Tu ara axsnili sasveni niSnis dasmis wesi.

var er­Txel Wa­la­Si mai­sia co­ta nia­vi qris xis Zi­ras ver vmu­Saob da dav­di-­
var mom­yud­roe­bul ad­gils da­ve­Zeb ve­Ze­be ve­Ze­be da vi­po­ve ga­moR­rma­ve­bu­li
kbo­dea Sig Tbi­li mzea Cam­dga­ri mi­ve­di miv­je­qi im ga­moR­rma­ve­bul­Si ga­vi­ke­Te

py
saT­va­le da­vi­de mux­lze Can­Ta da­va­de zed rveu­li da da­viw­ye we­ra xan Tav­
Ca­Ru­nu­li vwer xan Wa­la­sa da mTebs miv­Ce­re­bi­var vfiq­rob Wa­la sul mwva­ned
Rad­Ra­debs mTe­bi lur­je­bia im mTe­bis maR­la ki TeT­ri qu­la Rrub­le­bi dga­nan
av­wie er­Txe­lac Ta­vi da ra­sa vxe­dav iq­ve Ce­mi­dan oc­daa­Tio­de na­bij­ze buC­qe­bi­
dan ga­mo­su­la me­lia­ku­dig­rZe­lia da me mi­yu­rebs Tvi­Ton tan­wvri­lia gam­xda­ri
Co
yu­reb­wa­mow­ve­te­bu­li fum­fu­la ku­di ki­dev tan­ze di­di mos­Trevs

mo­dis ne­la gau­be­da­vad mow­ku­ravs Tva­lebs ver mim­xvda­ra ada­mia­ni var Tu ra

var Tu ada­mia­ni var or fex­ze ra­tom ara vdga­var an ra­nai­ri Tva­le­bi maqvs an
ra­nai­rad maqvs Se­kar­gu­li xe­le­bi ga­mo­yofs wi­Tel enas miis­vams mois­vams tu­
Ceb­ze haer­sac Cai­sun­Tqavs Ce­mi su­nis ga­ge­ba un­da mag­ram Cems suns ver gai­gebs
rad­gan nia­vi mi­si mxri­dan qris ga­be­davs ki­dev gad­moad­gams er­T-or na­bijs
ga­Cer­de­ba da mi-­yu­rebs me gaun­Zrev­lad vzi­var sun­Tqva­sac ki vi­ka­veb er­Ti pi­
n't
ro­ba gab­run­da al­-baT ifiq­ra sjo­bia mo­ve­ri­do vinc aris da rac ari­so mag­ram
cno­bis­moy­va­reo­bam sZlia da isev Cem­ken wa­mo­vi­da mo­maS­ter­da uka­na fe­xeb­ze
Ca­cuc­qda zis da mi-­yu­rebs me mainc ar vin­Zre­vi bo­los et­yo­ba mos­wyin­da ese
jdo­ma wa­moi­wia da mo­ma­Za­xa
_ baa
mec aRar Se­meZ­lo me­ti Tav­Se­ka­ve­ba ga­viq­nie xe­li da ga­vuS­vi To­fis tyvia­sa-­
Do

viT _ tuu

Sek­ra ma­la­yi da ra ma­la­yi TiT­qos Zirs arc ki daS­ve­bu­la haer­Si­ve gai­Wi­ma

sag­ve­la­sa­viT da Se­var­da Sei­kar­ga buC­qeb­Si me si­ci­li amit­yda vi­ci­no­di da
vi­Zax­di _ sul ega xar ma­ma­co ku­dig­rZe­lia sul ega xar bas­rki­We­bia­no me­re
sa­wer­sac mov­rCi wa­mov­de­qi uk­ve Sin miv­di­var da ki­dev ara vxe­dav im me­lu­kas
gad­mom­dga­ra ma­Ra­li kldis Tav­ze da mi­yu­rebs ga­das­wevs Tavs gver­dze da mi­si
Tva­le­bis ga­mo­met­yve­le­biT vxvde­bi rom aseT ra­mes am­bobs
_ Se­na yo­fil­xar rac yo­fil­xar dax­val mag xnis ka­ci da da­mai­mu­nob
me gav­braz­di isev ga­vu­zu­zu­ne tyvie­bi­viT _ tuu tuu mag­ram me­lia aRar gaq­
ceu­la mib­run­da ku­di maR­la aiS­vi­ra da fe­xebs So­ris ga­mom­xe­da id­ga ase ku­
dap­re­xi­li da fe­xeb­So­ris dam­ci­na­vad ga­mom­zi­ra­li me­re er­Ti Sex­ta Sei­Ta­ma­Sa
da tyes Sea­fa­ra Ta­vi
(re­vaz ina­niS­vi­li `me­lia da me~)
78
 20 rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba

mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi ?
1. gaixseneT rTuli winadadebis saxeebi.
2. gaixseneT rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis ganmarteba.
3. ra nawilebisagan Sedgeba rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba?
4. rogor SeiZleba daukavSirdes erTmaneTs rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis
Se­madgeneli winadadebebi?
5. rogor fiqrobT, gansazRvrulia Tu ara mTavari winadadebis adgili rTul
qvew­yobil winadadebaSi?

py
gan­xil­vam­de

daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul winadadebebs da imsjeleT, rogor ukavSir­de­bi­

an erTmaneTs Semadgeneli winadadebebi?

axla ukve aRar icoda, es gza saiT waiyvanda.

Co
quCaSi rom gamovidnen, SvebiT amoisunTqa.
me kargad vici, rom Sec cuds arasodes ar Caiden.
ori kvira gavida, rac gogim samsaxuri daiwyo.
„saRamosac, roca Tavisi kaklis qveS ijda, gonebaSi isev kldis Tavze
qandakebasaviT gaqvavebul xarjixvs xedavda.“ (guram fanjikiZe)
n't
sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba Sedgeba ori saxis winadadebisagan, romelTagan

erTi mTavari winadadebaa, xolo meore _ damokidebuli.
mTavar da damokidebul winadadebebs aerTebs sakavSirebeli sityva.
sakavSirebel sityvad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos:
Do

1. maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi: rom, Tu, sanam, radgan, Tumca...

2. mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi _ romeliv, rogoric, ramdenic, vinc, rac...
3. mimarTebiTi zmnizedebi _ sadac, saidanac, roca, rogorc...
garda sakavSirebeli sityvisa SeiZleba mTavar winadadebaSi iyos misaTiTebeli
sityva: iseTi wynari zRva iyo, rom odnavi xmauric ki ar ismoda.
mTavari winadadebisa da damokidebuli winadadebis adgili gansazRvruli
araa. damokidebuli winadadeba SeiZleba iyos mTavari winadadebi win, mis Semdeg
an mis SuaSic ki.

79
 magaliTad:

ZaRlma yefa daiwyo, roca damokidebuli winadadeba mTavari winadadebis

me daminaxa. Semdegaa.

roca me daminaxa, ZaRlma damokidebuli winadadeba mTavari winadadebis

yefa daiwyo. winaa.

ZaRlma, roca me daminaxa, damokidebuli winadadeba mTavari winadadebis

yefa daiwyo. SuaSia.

q Sejameba
damokidebuli winadadeba mTavari winadadebis erT-erTi wevris gafarToebuli

py
sa­xea, mis rols asrulebs mTavar winadadebaSi, amdenad, damokidebul winadadebebs
is kiTxvebi daesmiT, romlebic Cveulebriv winadadebis wevrebs. swored amis
mixedviT dgin­deba damokidebuli winadadebis saxe.

rTuli qvewyobili Co kiTxvas vusvamT mTavari winadadebis wevrs, mas

winadadebebi upasuxebs damokidebuli winadadeba:

gamovides is, visac es SeniS- vin gamovides? _ is, visac es SeniSvna exeba _ is
vna exeba. _ qvemdebare. aris qvemdebaruli damokidebuli
winadadeba.

gavige is, rac arasodes ar ra gavige? _ is (gavige me is), rac arasodes ar

gamigia. gamigia. is _ pirdapiri damateba. pirdapiri
damatebiT damokidebuli winadadeba.
n't

imas davujeroT, vinc Wkvi- vis davujeroT? _ imas (davujeroT Cven mas),
ania. vinc Wkviania. imas _ iribi damateba, iribi
damatebiT damokidebuli winadadeba.

me davrwmundi, rom Sen gul- raSi davrwmundi? _ imaSi, rom Sen gulwfe-
Do

wrfeli xar. li xar. imaSi _ ubralo damateba. ubralo

damatebiT damokidebuli winadadeba.

mivadeqi Robes, romelsac romel Robes? _ romelsac axali wasmuli hqon-

axali wasmuli hqonda saRe- da saRebavi. gansazRvrebiT damokidebuli wina-
bavi. dadeba.

iq wavedi, sadac Sen miTxari. sad wavedi? _ iq, sadac Sen miTxari. iq _ adg-
ilis garemoeba. adgilis garemoebiTi damok-
idebuli winadadeba.

maSinve mivedi, roca dami­ rodis mivedi? _ maSinve, roca damiZaxa. drois
Zaxa. garemoeba. drois garemoebiTi damokidebuli
winadadeba.

80
ise cxela, rom gareT ar rogor cxela? _ viTarebis garemoebiT damoki­
gaisvleba. de­buli winadadeba.

mezoblebi Segrovdnen, rad­ ratom Segrovdnen mezoblebi? _ mizezis gare­

gan yvelas undoda axa­li moebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.
ambis gageba.

stumarma wyali moiTxova, ra mizniT moiTxova wyali? _ miznis garemoebiT

raTa xelebi daebana. damokidebuli winadadeba.

mTavari da damokidebuli winadadebis sazRvarze mZime iwereba. mZimis saSu­

ale­biT gaimijneba erTmaneTisagan mTavari da damokidebuli winadadebebi.

py
rogor vweroT ukeTesad 
Tu damokidebuli winadadeba mTavari winadadebis SuaSia moqceuli, mTa-
vari winadadebis qvemdebare Seewyoba mTavri winadadebis zmna-Semasmenels
da ara damokidebulisas: kacma, es rom vuTxari, Cemken gamoixeda. (da ara:
Co
kacs, es rom vuTxari, Cemken gamoixeda.)
makavSirebeli sityva sworad unda ganisazRvros: sworia: movida is, visac
Zalian velodi (da ara: movida is, romelsac Zalian velodi); winadadeba
qvemdebaruli damokidebulia da unda gamoviyenoT vinc gavSiri.
amisaTvis daimaxsovreT:

is _ vinc iseTi _ rogoric

n't
is _ visac ise _ rogorc
is _ rac maSin _ rodesac
is _ rasac iq _ sadac
mas _ vinc is (gogona) _ romelic

romelic wevr-kavSiri icvleba brunvisa da ricxvis mixedviT, SeTanxmebi-

Do

sas es aucileblad kargad unda gaviTvaliswinoT. movidnen bavSvebi, rom-

lebic am skolaSi swavlobdnen.
Tu romelic wevr-kavSiri miemarTeba krebiT saxels, igi mxolobiT ricx-
vSi iqneba warmodgenili: sazeimo saRamoze movida is jgufi, romelmac
konkursze umaRlesi qula miiRo.
Tu wevrs axlavs raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli, Tavad is mxolobiTSi iqne-
ba, magam wevr-kavSiri ki mravlobiT ricxvSi Seewyoba: jildoebi gadaeca
im sam students, romlebmac umaRlesi qulebi miiRes.
winadadebis rigi imgvarad unda aewyos, rom erTmaneTTan axlos iyos ro-
melic wevr-kavSiri da misamarTi sityva. sworia: Tamarma warmoTqva sityva,
romelic man wina RamiT dawera. (da ara: sityva warmoTqva Tamarma, romel-
ic man wina RamiT dawera).
Tu mTavari winadadebaSi misamarT sityvad ori saxelia, maSin wevr-kavSiri
81
 mravlobiTis formiT ubnda warmovadginoT: gurami da gogi, romlebic ax­
aldabrunebulebi iyvnen samSobloSi, sazeimo saRamos siamovnebiT daes­
wrnen.
Tu romelic wevr-kavSiri miemarTeba kompozits, maSin wevr-kavSiri mrav­
lo­
biTis formiT gadmoicema: maspinZelma gadaxeda da_Zmas, romlebic
erT­maneTis gverdze idgnen.
xSirad xdeba aRreva raTa da radgan kavSirebisa:
gaiTvaliswineT:
radgan _ mizezi, raTa _ mizani:
yvela movida, radgan didi xnis dapatiJebulebi iyvnen. (mizezi)
yvela movida, raTa iubile mielocaT iubilarisaTvis. (mizani)

py
savarjiSoebi analizisaTvis:

gaasworeT Secdomebi da imsjeleT TiToeul sakiTxze:

1. wels kaxeTSi iseTi gvalva iyo, rogorc moxucebsac ki ar axsovT.
2. dafasTan gamovides is, romelsac guSin ganxilul sakiTxze Tavisi mosaz-
Co
reba aqvs.
3. 1937 wels nikoloz baraTaSvilma grigol orbelians miswera werili, sad-
ac biZas Tavisi gulistkivili gauziara.
4. bebiam Zveli skivri gauxsna Tavis patara SviliSvils, sadac Tavisi saqor-
wino kaba hqonda Senaxuli.
5. guSin ise wvimda, rogoric arasodes.
6. es ambavi im Tanakurselma miTxra, vinc sazRvargareT wasuli megona.
n't
7. gaaswore is winadadebebi, sadac Secdomebia daSvebuli.
8. saapelacio gancxadeba unda daweron im studentebma, vinc gamocdebze
aradamakmayofilebeli qula miiRes.
9. me mxedvelobidan gamomrCa is, romelic aucileblad unda gameTvaliswine-
bina.
Do

10. gasul kviras eqskursiaze viyaviT da im adgils rom mivuaxlovdiT,

romelSic adre gza dagvebna, axla dasasveneblad SevCerdiT

 gramatikul codnas vamowmebT teqstebze

amoiwereT literaturis saxelmZRvanelos romelime teqstidan aTi qvewyobili

winadadeba da imsjeleT:
1. gamoyaviT rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis Semadgeneli winadadebebi. rome-
lia mTavari da romeli damokidebuli winadadeba?
2. gansazRvreT damokidebuli winadadebis adgili _ mTavari winadadebis wi-
naa, Semdeg Tu SuaSi?
3. kavSiriani SeerTebaa Tu ukavSiro?
4. romeli kavSiria gamoyenebuli?
5. axseniT, ra principiTaa winadadebaSi sasveni niSani gamoyenebuli?
82
 21 rTuli winadadebis gadakeTeba martivad

mTa­va­ri kiT­xve­bi ?
1. ro­gor fiq­robT, Se­saZ­le­be­lia Tu ara er­Ti da ima­ve Si­naar­sis wi­na­da­de­bis
war­mod­ge­na rTu­li da mar­ti­vis wi­na­da­de­be­bis sa­xiT?
2. ra Seic­vle­ba am dros?
3. Tqve­ni az­riT, ra da­niS­nu­le­ba aqvs am­gvar Ca­nac­vle­bas?

gan­xil­vam­de .
daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul winadadebebs da axseniT:

py
aris Tu ara maT So­ris Si­naar­sob­ri­vi gan­sxva­ve­ba?
ra ga­nas­xva­vebs maT er­Tma­ne­Ti­sa­gan?
ro­gor fiq­robT, am gva­ri cvli­le­ba mxo­lod am wi­na­da­de­beb­Sia Se­saZ­le­be­
li, Tu es cvli­le­bis zo­ga­di prin­ci­pia?

erTad wavideT sayidlebze.

Co
me Zalian minda, rom Sen xval diliT

manqana, romelic guSin gafuWda,

Zalian minda xval sayidlebze erTad
wasvla.

guSin gafuWebuli manqana Cems saxl­

axla Cems saxlTan dgas. Tan dgas.

rogorc ki darekav, maSinve gamoval Seni darekvisTanave gamoval saxli­

saxlidan. dan.
n't
sa­kiT­xis ana­li­zi

Se­saZ­le­be­lia, rom rTu­li wi­na­da­de­ba mar­tiv wi­na­da­de­bad ga­da­va­ke­ToT. am

dros ram­de­ni­me we­sis gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­baa sa­Wi­ro:
ma­kav­Si­re­be­li sit­yva amo­var­de­ba;
Do

amo­var­de­ba mi­sa­Ti­Te­be­li sit­yva, Tu­ki ase­Ti ar­se­bobs mTa­var wi­na­da­de­ba­Si;

da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­bis zmna-­Se­mas­me­ne­li ga­da­keT­de­ba sa­xel­zmnad (mim­
Reo­bad an saw­yi­sad).
drois ga­re­moe­biT da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba xSi­rad ic­vle­ba saw­yi­sis na­
Te­sao­bi­Ti + Ta­na­ve for­miT, an Sem­deg, me­re sit­yvis dar­TviT: da­gi­re­kav,
ro­ca sax­lSi mi­val. > sax­lSi mis­vlis­Ta­na­ve da­gi­re­kav. // sax­lSi mis­vlis
Sem­deg da­gi­re­kav.
gvax­sov­des, yve­la rTu­li wi­na­da­de­ba ver ga­da­keT­de­ba mar­tiv wi­na­da­de­bad.
rTu­li da mar­ti­vi wi­na­da­de­be­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba sti­lis sa­kiT­xi da pi­rov­ne­bis
ar­Ce­va­nia.
ase­ve Se­saZ­le­be­lia mar­ti­vi wi­na­da­de­bis rTu­lad ga­da­ke­Te­ba: ba­Tu­mi­dan
Ca­mo­su­li me­go­ba­ri mes­tum­ra. > me­go­ba­ri, ro­me­lic ba­Tu­mi­dan Ca­mo­vi­da,
mes­tum­ra.
gvax­sov­des, verc yve­la mar­ti­vi wi­na­da­de­ba ver ga­da­keT­de­ba rTu­lad.
83
q Se­ja­me­ba

rTuli winadadeba Sesabamisi martivi winadadeba

vinc movida, imas gau­mar­jos! mo­suls gau­mar­jos!

mxo­lod mas ga­ dav­

cemT prizs, vinc kon­kur­sSi mo­na­wi­leo­bis mim­Rebs ga­
kon­kur­sSi miiRebs mo­na­wi­leo­bas. dav­cemT prizs.

Teat­ri, ro­me­lic ax­la­xan aSenda, ma­ ax­la­xan aSe­ne­bu­li Teat­

ri ma­
le sa­
le sa­zei­mod gaix­sne­ba. zei­mod gaix­sne­ba.

Cven ma­le mi­ve­diT im ad­gil­ze, sa­dac Cven ma­le mi­ve­diT man­qa­nis da­to­ve­bis
man­qa­na davtoveT. ad­gil­ze.

py
sax­lSi rom mivedi, te­le­fo­niT da­vu­ sax­lSi mis­vlis­Ta­na­ve te­le­fo­niT
re­ke me­go­bars. da­vu­re­ke me­go­bars.

war­mod­ge­na rom damTavrda, ka­fe­Si war­mod­ge­nis dam­Tav­re­bis Sem­deg ka­

wa­ve­diT. fe­Si wa­ve­diT.

To­be­li dis­ko.
Co
mTva­re ise Cans, ro­gorc di­di ma­na­

saq­me ve­Rar ga­va­ke­Te, rad­gan avad

mTva­re di­di ma­na­To­be­li dis­ko­sa­viT
Cans.

avad gax­do­mis ga­mo saq­me ve­Rar ga­va­

gav­xdi. ke­Te.

aq imi­tom wa­mo­ve­diT, rom co­ta gav­xa­ aq co­ta ga­sa­xa­li­seb­lad wa­mo­ve­diT.

li­se­bu­li­ya­viT.
n't
praqtikuli savarjiSoebi
1. gadaakeTeT rTuli winadadebebi martivad:
1. ana, romelic gulianad icinoda, dedamisis danaxvisTanave gaCumda.
2. vvaraudobdi, rom am saxlis mSeneblobas gazafxulamde davamTavrebdi.
3. rogorc ki Cemi klaseli davinaxe, maSinve vicani.
Do

4. uceb davinaxe, rom salome Cemken wamovida.

5. vgegmavdi, rom Semodgomaze samogzaurod wavidodi.
6. palto, romelic cnobil mkeravTan Sevikere, yvelas moewona.
7. Zlivs gavbede, rom misTvis simarTle meTqva.
8. anas is kaba ecva, guSin erTad rom viyideT.
9. bavSvebi, romlebic eqskursiaze wavidnen, davalebad STabeWdilebebs
daweren.
10. rogorc ki saxlSi mixval, maSinve damireke.
2. gadaakeTeT martivi winadadebebi rTul winadadebebad:
1. mTvariT ganaTebul ezoSi yvelaferi vercxlisfrad Canda.
2. Cems megobars axlaxan gamosuli wigni gavugzavne.
3. dedaCemis darekvisTanave gavedi saxlidan.
4. SarSan moWrili xeebi isev baRSi yria.
84
 5. studenti gamoucdeli bavSviviT daibna.
6. testis kargad damweri moswavleebi gamocdis Cabarebisgan gaTavisu-
fldebian.
7. momTmeni moigebs.
8. kargad navarjiSev sportsmenebs mogeba ar gauWirdebaT.
9. patara gogo namdvili balerinasaviT cekvavs.
10. salome gakveTilis dasrulebisTanave saxlSi wavida.

gramatikul codnas vamowmebT teqstebze 

amoiwereT literaturis saxelmZRvanelos romelime teqstidan:
10 rTuli winadadeba da ecadeT gadaakeToT martiv winadadebebad.
10 martivi winadadeba da ecadeT gadaakeToT rTul winadadebad.

py
naxeT, SesaZlebelia Tu ara es da Tqven Tavad gamoitaneT daskvnebi.

praqtikuli savarjiSoebi

qvemoT mocemulia nawyveti aleqsandre yazbegis nawarmoebidan „xevisberi go­Ca“.

daiyaviT jgufebad, gadawereT es nawyveti da warmoadgineT igi mxolod martivi
Co
winadadebebiT. Semdeg imsjeleT, ra cvlilebebi moxda teqstSi?

1. jvrisweram gaiara Cveulebrivis mxiarulebiT: mogrovili xalxi, mayrebi

da metadre dedakacebi ar isvenebdnen da yovelTvis saCurCulo masalas pou-
lobdnen da, erTxel momzadebulni samxiarulod, SemTxvevas ar gauSvebdnen,
rom ar gaexarxaraT, Tunda sasacilo ara momxdariyo-ra. marto patarZali
idga qvasaviT damunjebuli da goCa, romlis saxec pativsacemis sxiviT brwy-
inavda. imas aSkarad etyoboda, rom gulwrfeli rwmunebiT iyo gatacebuli da
n't
mTlad miscemoda Tavis grZnobas da uzenaess gulwrfelad evedreboda.

2. goCa iyo mSobeli mama Tavis xalxisa da, maSasadame, imisTana amaRlebuli
da SesamCnevi SemTxvevis dros, rogoric qorwineba aris, Tavis SvilebisTvis
rom ar eloca, ar iqneboda. amasTanave mas swamda, rom xalxisagan amorCeu-
li, RmerTisaganac amorCeuli unda yofiliyo, radganac, aRzrdils xalxis
Do

CveulebaTa Soris, andazad gardaqceuli rwmunebac, „xma RvTisa da xma erisa“,

sisxlsa da xorcSi gasjdomoda. goCa darwmunebuli iyo, rom miss gulwr-
fels vedrebas uzenaesi Seismenda da, rwmunebiT daimedebuli, im kacis saxe,
gulmxurvale locvis dros, raRac Zlevamosils, xalxis dammorCilebel su-
raTs warmoadgenda.

3. aseTi iyo moxucebuli goCas saxe, romlisTvisac ganuwyvetliv zrunvas,

fiqrs, gamocdilebas da gonebriv muSaobas ufro umetesis patiosnebis, Wkuis
da adamianobis beWedi daesva. es saxe xandisxan icvleboda imis kvalobaze.
Tu misi azrebi da gonebis mimdinareoba ra sagans Seexeboda da amgvaradve
ecvleboda feri pirisaxezed. xandisxan raRaca mWmunvareba Seuxrida warbebs,
Seukravda Subls, magram es iyo erTs wuTs mzeze gadafarebuli Rrubeli,
romelsac mxolod wuTiT SeeZlo moCrdileba, - mlocvelis Tvalebi, cisken
mipyrobilni, isev Zlevamosilis, gamarjvebulis SuqiT ainTebodnen.
85
 22 zerTuli winadadeba

? mTavari kiTxvebi
1. rogor fiqrobT, ras niSnavs termini „zerTuli winadadeba“?
2. xSirad SegxvedriaT winadadebebi, romlebSic ori an meti makavSirebeli
sityva gamoiyeneba?

. ganxilvamde

daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul nawyvets aleqsandre yazbegis nawarmoebidan „xe­

vis­beri goCa“. imsjeleT:

py
rogori winadadebebia mocemul nawyvetSi?
ramdeni damokidebuli winadadeba Sedis masSi?

iqneboda Ramis cxra saaTi, rodesac sofel yanobs ramdenime SeiaraRebuli

cxenosani da oriode marxili miuaxlovda.
mxedrebi sul ymawvilebi, narCevi da erTierTmaneTze lazaTianebi iyvnen.
Co
isini midiodnen mxiarulad, simReriT da Tofis sroliT. aSkarad etyobodaT,
rom eseni samtrod ar miemgzavrebodnen, radganac arc sifrTxile etyobodaT
da arc ise bevrni iyvnen, rom ase guladad da pirdapir Sesuliyvnen xevis
sofelSi, romelic TavisTavad mTel, Znelad asaReb simagres warmoadgenda.

sakiTxis analizi
n't
rTu­li wi­na­da­de­ba mTa­var­sa da da­mo­ki­de­bul wi­na­da­de­bas Se­i­cavs, mag­ram
zog­jer Se­iZ­le­ba erT mTa­vars ram­de­ni­me da­mo­ki­de­bu­li ax­l­des, an mTa­va­ri wi­na­
da­de­ba Ta­vad iyos Tan­wyo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­ba, an Se­iZ­le­ba da­mo­ki­de­bul wi­na­da­de­
bas ki­dev mos­dev­des mas­ze da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba. ase­Ti wi­na­da­de­be­bis ana­li­
zi dak­vir­ve­bas mo­iTxovs, Tum­ca mas gan­s­x­va­ve­bu­li prin­ci­pe­bi ar sWir­de­ba.
Do

zer­Tu­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi ux­vad axa­si­a­Tebs aleq­san­d­re yaz­be­gis enas. am mxriv is

mar­T­lac ga­mor­Ce­u­lia.
ma­ga­li­Tad:

nimuSi zerTuli winadadebis analizi

iq­ne­bo­da Ra­mis cxra sa­a­Ti, ro­de­sac
so­fels ya­nobs ram­de­ni­me Se­i­a­ra­Re­
bu­li cxe­no­sa­ni da ori­o­de mar­xi­li
mi­u­ax­lov­da. (al. yaz­be­gi `xe­vis­be­ri go­Ca~)
mTa­va­ri wi­na­da­de­ba aris mar­ti­vi gav­
r­co­bi­li _ iq­ne­bo­da Ra­mis cxra sa­
a­Ti, da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba aris
Ser­wy­mu­li _ ro­de­sac so­fels ya­
nobs ram­de­ni­me Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li cxe­no­
sa­ni da ori­o­de mar­xi­li mi­u­ax­lov­da.

86
 pa­ta­re­e­bi mis­c­viv­d­nen cxe­nebs, Ca­mo­
ar­Tv­ es da da­uwyes win da ukan ta­re­
ba, rad­ga­nac ga­of­li­a­ne­buls cxe­nebs
or­T­q­li ko­ri­an­tel­sa­viT as­di­o­daT
da si­a­rul­Si SeS­ro­ba eWir­ve­bo­daT,
rom civs ni­avs ar da­ek­ra da ar da­e­
xu­Ta. (al. yaz­be­gi `xe­vis­be­ri go­Ca~)
mTa­va­ri wi­na­da­de­ba aris Ser­wy­mu­li _
pa­ta­re­e­bi mis­c­viv­d­nen cxe­nebs, Ca­mo­
ar­T­ves da da­ uwyes win da ukan ta­
re­ba, mas mos­devs mi­ze­zis ga­re­mo­e­biT
da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba ro­me­lic
aris Tan­wyo­bi­li _
1. rad­ga­nac ga­of­li­a­ne­buls cxe­nebs
or­T­q­li ko­ri­an­tel­sa­viT as­di­o­daT
da 2. si­a­rul­Si SeS­ro­ba eWir­ve­bo­
daT, Tan­wyo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­bis me­o­re
wi­na­da­de­ba aris us­ru­li _ [cxe­nebs]
si­a­rul­Si [of­lis] SeS­ro­ba eWir­ve­

py
bo­daT, mas mos­devs miz­nis ga­re­mo­e­
biT da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba _ rom
civs ni­avs ar da­ek­ra da ar da­e­xu­Ta.

dab­ne­le­buls se­na­Si, ro­mel­sac od­ mTa­va­ri wi­na­da­de­ba aris Ser­wy­mu­li _

nav ana­Teb­da mbJu­ta­vi kva­ri, kas­
Co
reb­sa da qi­lebs Sua ij­da pa­tar­Za­li
Zi­Zia Ta­vis ram­de­ni­me amor­Ce­u­lis
me­gob­re­biT, ro­mel­nic mis gar­To­bas
cdi­lob­d­nen.
n't
dab­ne­le­buls se­na­Si kas­reb­sa da qi­
lebs Sua ij­da pa­tar­Za­li Zi­Zia Ta­vis
ram­de­ni­me amor­Ce­u­lis me­gob­re­biT;
mTa­va­ri wi­na­da­de­bis Su­a­Si aris moq­
ce­u­li gan­sazR­v­re­biT da­mo­ki­de­bu­li
wi­na­da­de­ba _ ro­mel­sac od­nav ana­
Teb­da mbJu­ta­vi kva­ri; mTa­var wi­na­
da­de­bas ase­ve mos­devs me­o­re gan­sazR­
v­re­biT da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba _
ro­mel­nic mis gar­To­bas cdi­lob­d­nen.

savarjiSoebi analizisaTvis

wa­i­kiTxeT mo­ce­mu­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi da ga­a­a­na­li­zeT isi­ni zemoT mo­ce­mu­li ni­

mu­Sis mi­xed­viT:
Do

1. wa­mo­vi­da nis­li da da­iwyo Jo­na; mec wa­mo­vis­xi yi­si­na, baS­lu­ya wa­mo­vig­de

Tav­zed da cxvars da­vu­deg win, ra­Ta wi­ne­bi Se­me­ye­ne­bi­na da ga­u­maZR­rad
sir­bi­lis ga­mo ma­di­ans Zov­nas ar moh­k­le­bod­nen. (al. yaz­be­gi `nam­wyem­sa­ris mo­go­
ne­ba­ni~)
2. ga­i­a­ra ram­de­ni­me xan­ma, ro­de­sac Se­vam­C­nie, rom ori vi­Ra­ca ka­ci wve­ri­a­ne­bi
da samoqalaqo ta­ni­sa­mos­Si mo­di­od­nen Cem­ken. (al. yaz­be­gi `nam­wyem­sa­ris mo­go­ne­
ba­ni~)
3. me gak­vir­ve­biT da­vuwye imaT cqe­ra, rad­ga­nac Tu mgzav­re­bi iy­v­nen, ma­Sin
ima­Ti gza gaR­ma­zed un­da yo­fi­li­yo da im mxa­res ver mox­v­de­bod­nen, sa­iT­ke­
nac me vi­ya­vi. (al. yaz­be­gi `nam­wyem­sa­ris mo­go­ne­ba­ni~)
4. me ga­mo­ve­sal­me, ga­davus­vi xe­li Cems er­T­guls ZaRls, ro­me­lic cxvars ise
Ses­C­ve­o­da, rom mo­So­re­ba ver mo­e­xer­xe­bi­na da gav­wie Si­ni­sa­ken. (al. yaz­be­gi
`nam­wyem­sa­ris mo­go­ne­ba­ni~)

87
 23 sintaqsuri Secdomebi da redaqtireba

teq­stis re­daq­ti­re­bi­sas au­ci­leb­lad ga­saT­va­lis­wi­ne­be­lia sin­taq­su­ri

Sec­do­me­bi da ma­Ti Ses­wo­re­ba;
sin­taq­su­ri Sec­do­me­bi moiT­xovs did dak­vir­ve­bas, rad­gan igi sit­yva­Ta
aras­wo­ri da­kav­Si­re­bis Se­de­gad SeiZ­le­ba war­moiq­mnas;
mor­fo­lo­giu­ri Sec­do­me­bi er­Ti for­mis (er­Ti sit­yvis) far­gleb­Si daS­ve­
bu­li Sec­do­maa da Tva­lis­Tvis uf­ro ad­vi­lad Se­sam­Cne­via, xo­lo sin­taq­
sur Sec­do­meb­Si xSi­rad Se­mad­ge­ne­li sit­yve­bi swo­ra­daa mo­ce­mu­li, mag­ram
Sec­do­ma ma­Ti da­kav­Si­re­bis Se­de­gad war­moiq­mne­ba. es Zne­lad Se­sam­Cne­vi xde­

py
ba da ki­dev er­Txel dak­vir­ve­biT da mi­zan­mi­mar­Tul wa­kiT­xvas moiT­xovs.
az­ris gad­mo­ce­mi­sas uf­ro me­tad Cve­ni mo­saz­re­bis sru­lad da uda­na­kar­
god Ca­we­ra­ze vfiq­robT da Se­saZ­loa sit­yva­Ta da­kav­Si­re­bis mxriv Sec­do­
me­bi gai­pa­ros. ami­tom au­ci­le­be­lia teq­stis ki­dev er­Txel kar­gad wa­kiT­xva
da imis gaa­na­li­ze­ba, rom yve­la­fe­ri swo­ra­daa sit­yva­Ta an Se­mad­ge­nel
wi­na­da­de­ba­Ta da­kav­Si­re­bis mxriv.
Co
imi­saT­vis, rom es sa­kiT­xe­bi uf­ro ad­vi­lad da­saZ­le­vi iyos, Se­ja­me­bu­lad,
er­Tad war­mo­vad­genT sin­taq­sur Sec­do­mebs:

marTlweris sakiTxebi _ sintaqsuri Secdomebi:

msaz­Rvrel­-saz­Rvrul­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT ga­saT­va­lis­wi­ne­be­lia ma­Ti bru­ne­bis

n't
Ta­vi­se­bu­re­ba: ma­Ra­li ka­ci, ma­Ral­ma kac­ma, ma­Ral kacs, ma­Ra­li ka­cis, ma­Ra­li
ka­ciT, ma­Ra­lo ka­co. sin­taq­sur Sec­do­mad iT­vle­ba am we­sis dar­Rve­va. swo­
ria: es yve­la­fe­ri Cem­ma me­go­bar­ma miT­xra (da ara: es yve­la­fe­ri Cem me­go­
bar­ma miT­xra)
qvem­de­ba­re da Se­mas­me­ne­li er­Tma­neTs eTanxmeba ricxvSi: stdentebi modian.
Do

Tu qvem­de­ba­re mxolobiTi ric­xvis for­mi­Taa gad­mo­ce­mu­li, Se­mas­me­ne­lic

mxolobiT ric­xvSi Seu­Tan­xmde­ba mag: SaSvi galobs.
Tu qvem­de­ba­re sulieri ar­se­bi­Ti sa­xe­li­Taa gad­mo­ce­mu­li da mravlobiT
ric­xvSia, ma­Sin mravlobiTi ric­xvis for­miT iq­ne­ba war­mod­ge­ni­li Se­mas­me­
ne­lic: bavSvebi xmauroben.
Tu qvem­de­ba­re usulo sa­xe­li­Taa gad­mo­ce­mu­li, Se­mas­me­ne­li mas SeiZ­le­ba
Seu­Tan­xmdes ric­xvSi da SeiZ­le­ba _ ara; Tu zmna moq­me­de­bi­Ti gva­ri­saa, anu
qme­de­ba aqtiuria, ma­Sin Zi­ri­Ta­dad xde­ba Se­Tan­xme­ba, Tu vne­bi­Ti gva­ri­saa
_ ara. ric­xvSi Se­Tan­xme­ba xde­ba ma­Sin Tu su­lie­ris Tvi­se­be­bia ga­da­ta­ni­li
usu­lo­ze (ga­pi­rov­ne­bi­sas): am sityvebma guli atkines barbares. foTlebma
CurCuli daiwyes. caze Savi Rrublebi gamoCnda.
Tu qvem­de­ba­re narTanian mrav­lo­biT­Sia, ma­Sin mas au­ci­leb­lad Seu­Tan­xmde­
ba ric­xSi Se­mas­me­ne­li: `Tergi rbis, Tergi Rrialebs, kldeni bans eubnebian.~

88
Tu qvem­de­ba­re gad­mo­ce­mu­lia krebiTi sa­xe­liT, mas Se­mas­me­ne­li mxolobiTi
ric­xviT Seew­yo­ba: xalxi amoZravda. axalgazrdoba modis.
Tu qvem­de­ba­re kompozitiTaa gad­mo­ce­mu­li, mas Se­mas­me­ne­li mxolobiTi
ric­xvis for­miT Seew­yo­ba: col-qmari movida. da-Zma kargad mReris.
qvem­de­ba­re ric­xvSi Se­Tan­xme­bi­sas uf­ro Zlie­ria; mrav­lo­biT ric­xvSi mdga­
ri da­ma­te­ba mxo­lod ma­Sin Seiw­yobs ric­xvSi Se­mas­me­nels, Tu qvem­de­ba­re
mxo­lo­biT­Sia: man gkiTxaT Tqven Tu qvem­de­ba­re mrav­lo­biT ric­xvSia, ma­Sin
Se­mas­me­ne­li mas Seew­yo­ba: maT gkiTxes Tqven.
Tu da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba mTa­va­ri wi­na­da­de­bis Sua­Sia moq­ceu­li, mTa­
vari winadadebis qvemdebare Seew­yo­ba mTavri winadadebis zmna-Semasmenels
da ara da­mo­ki­de­bu­li­sas: kacma, es rom vuT­xa­ri, Cemken gamoixeda. (da ara:
kacs, es rom vuT­xa­ri, Cem­ken ga­moi­xe­da.)

py
ma­kav­Si­re­be­li sit­yva swo­rad un­da ga­ni­saz­Rvros: swo­ria: movida is, visac
Zalian velodi (da ara: mo­vi­da is, ro­mel­sac Za­lian ve­lo­di); wi­na­da­de­ba
qvem­de­ba­ru­li da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia da un­da ga­mo­vi­ye­noT vinc gav­Si­ri. ami­saT­vis
dai­max­sov­reT:

is _ vinc iseTi _ rogoric

Co
is _ rac
is _ visac
ise _ rogorc
maSin _ rodesac
is _ rasac iq _ sadac
mas _ vinc is (gogona) _ romelic

romelic wevr-kavSiri icvleba brunvisa da ricxvis mixedviT, SeTanxmebi-

n't
sas es aucileblad kargad unda gaviTvaliswinoT. movidnen bavSvebi, rom-
lebic am skolaSi swavlobdnen.
Tu romelic wevr-kavSiri miemarTeba krebiT saxels, igi mxolobiT ricx-
vSi iqneba warmodgenili: sazeimo saRamoze movida is jgufi, romelmac
konkursze umaRlesi qula miiRo.
Do

Tu wevrs axlavs raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli, Tavad is mxolobiTSi iqne-

ba, magam wevr-kavSiri ki mravlobiT ricxvSi Seewyoba: jildoebi gadaeca im
sam students, romlebmac umaRlesi qulebi miiRes.
winadadebis rigi imgvarad unda aewyos, rom erTmaneTTan axlos iyos ro­
melic wevr-kavSiri da misamarTi sityva: sworia: Tamarma warmoTqva sityva,
romelic man wina RamiT dawera. (da ara: sityva warmoTqva Tamarma, romel­
ic man wina RamiT dawera)
Tu mTavari winadadebaSi misamarT sityvad ori saxelia, maSin wevr-kavSi-
ri mravlobiTis formiT unda warmovadginoT: gurami da gogi, romlebic
axal­dab­runebulebi iyvnen samSobloSi, sazeimo saRamos siamovnebiT da­
eswrnen.
Tu romelic wevr-kavSiri miemarTeba kompozits, maSin wevr-kavSiri mrav-
lobiTis formiT gadmoicema: maspinZelma gadaxeda da_Zmas, romlebic
erTmaneTis gverdze idgnen.
89
 xSirad xdeba aRreva raTa da radgan kavSirebisa: gaiTvaliswineT:
radgan _ mizezi, raTa _ mizani:
yvela movida, radgan didi xnis dapatiJebulebi iyvnen. (mizezi)
yvela movida, raTa iubile mielocaT iubilarisaTvis. (mizani)
aseve xSirad aRireva sadac da romelic kavSirebi. gaiTvaliswineT: sadac
miuTiTebs adgilze, xilo romelic kavSiriani damokidebuli winadadeba
gansazRvravs mTavari winadadebis wevrs. kavSirTa sworad SerCevisaTvis
dagexmarebaT kiTxvis dasmis wesi: sad? _ sadac..., romeli? _ romelic... im
saxlSi, sadac ilia daibada, axla saxlmuzeumia. romel saxlSi? amdenad,
es winadadeba ase gaimarTeba: im saxlSi, romelSic ilia daibada, axla sax-
lmuzeumia. yovelTvis unda iyo iq, sadac saWiro xar. sad? _ sadac. am wina­
dadebaSi sadac kavSiri sworadaa gamoyenebuli.

py
savarjiSoebi analizisaTvis

I. ipoveT sintaqsuri Secdoma da gaasworeT:

1. qalbaton mariams Tavis kolegam uTxra momxdari faqtis Sesaxeb.
2. sasauzmes win mdgarma maRal kacma Semxvedrs qudi mouxada da Tavmdab­
Co
lad miesalma.
3. norC mecnierebma Zalian saintereso proeqti warmoadgines gamofenaze.
4. Cemo lukav, Zalian mixaria Seni Camosvla Cven qalaqSi!
5. mxatvari avaliSvilis gamofeniT yvela aRfrTovanebuli iyo.
6. mTel qalaqma didi sixaruliT miiRo Rvawlmosili poeti.
7. gamgeobam didis zeimiT miiRi ucxoeli stumrebi.
8. Cemis azriT, es Zalian saintereso sakiTxi unda iyos.
n't
9. Cemis warmodgeniT, bevri araferi Sematebia Cven organizacias am bolo
wlebis ganmavlobaSi.
10. Cemis Rrma rwmeniT, jer sakiTxi gadawyvetilad ver CaTvleba.

II. ipoveT sintaqsuri Secdoma da gaasworeT:

Do

1. gamocdil specialistebis CarTva proeqtSi metad mniSvnelovani gad­

awyvetileba iyo.
2. baton zurabis gamosvla metad saintereso iyo
3. qalbatono eTero, aqeT mobrZandiT, am magidasTan!
4. Cems gverdiT erTi axalgazrda gogona idga, swored is gaxldaT Cemi
yofili moswavle.
5. Tu SeiZleba, Tqvens Semdeg me davdgebi rigSi.
6. mTel zafxulSi gausaZlisi sicxeebi iyo qalaqSi, amitom ojaxi qa­
laqgareT gavida.
7. maTma Zalian kargi saqme gaakeTes am organizaciisaTvis.
8. gogonebma erTad wavidnen sacurao auzze.
9. es axalgazrda Cems Semdeg movida da axla Cems win dgas.
10. Cvens gverdiT yovelTvis dgas Cveni ojaxis axloblebi.
90
 III. ipoveT sintaqsuri Secdoma da gaasworeT:
1. gamocdil specialistebis rCeva metad sasargeblo aRmoCnda Cveni saq­
mi­anobisTvis.
2. me Sens mimarT mxolod keTilganwyoba maqvs.
3. ar minda Cems gamo Secvalo Seni gegemebi.
4. sasauzmes gverdiT adre didi Senoba idga.
5. Tqvens Sesaxeb didi xania araferi gamogia.
6. giorgis babua Zalian lamaz nivTebs amzadebs xidan.
7. zogierTi daavadeba axalSobils dedidan gadaecema.
8. Cemi mamidaSvilidan didi xania arferi gamigia, arc ki vici, sadaa.
9. Tqvens marcxniv axali mSeneblobaa da iq iqneba Cemi bina.

py
10. me bevri ram vici Tqven Sesaxeb.

teqstis redaqtireba

sanam davalebebs SeasrulebdeT, daukvirdiT qvemoT mocemul cxrils da gaaana­

,
li­zeT TiToeuli tipis Secdoma:
Co SecdomaTa tipebi

punqtuaciuri morfologiuri sintaqsuri stilisturi

Secdomebi Secdomebi Secdomebi Secdomebi

sasveni niSnebis erTi formis far- ori formis ara­ ori an meti for­
gamouyenebloba glebSi (formis swo­rad dakavSi­ mis SeuTavseblo-
an arasworad arasworad agebis re­bis Sedegad biT gamowveuli
n't
gamoyeneba. gamo) daSvebuli war­moqmnili Sec­ Sec­doma.
Secdoma; doma;
makavSirebeli sa-
Sualebebis aras-
worad gamoyeneba.
Do

qvemoT mocemulia teqstebi redaqtirebisaTvis. teqstebSi daSvebulia yvela

tipis Secdoma.
imuSaveT jgufebSi: CamoayalibeT is principebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebiT ga­
as­wo­rebT Secdomebs. Semdeg warmoadgineT Tqveni teqsti da mosazrebebi jgufebis
wi­naSe. TiToeuli jgufis gamosvlis Semdeg erTad gaaanalizeT:
sworad iyo Tu ara amocnobili Secdoma;
sworad iyo Tu ara gansazRvruli Secdomis tipi;
sworad iyo Tu ara gasworebuli Secdoma;
sworad iyo Tu ara axsnili is principi, romlis gaTvaliswinebiT gasworda
Sec­doma.
mianiWeT qulebi jgufebs da gamoavlineT gamarjvebuli.

91
 I. dasviT sasveni niSnebi, gaasworeT orTagrafiul-morfologiuri da sintaq­
su­ri Secdomebi:

1. Ta­na­med­ro­ve sa­qar­Tve­los te­ri­to­ria ro­gorc amas ma­te­ria­lu­ri kul­

tu­ris Zeg­le­bi mow­mo­ben ada­mian­Ta mier aT­vi­se­bu­lia mra­va­li aTeu­li aTa­si
wle­bis wi­nad. qvey­nis sxva­das­xva na­wi­leb­Si aR­mo­Ce­ni­lia ada­mia­nis sad­go­mis
yve­la­ze uZ­ve­le­si ga­moq­va­bu­le­bi. qar­Tve­le­bi wi­na­-a­zii­sa da kav­ka­siis uZ­ve­
le­si kul­tu­ris xal­xeb­Ta jguf­Si Se­dian. jer ki­dev Zv. w. me­-II­-e aTas­wleul­Si
qar­Tvel­Ta wi­nap­reb­ma miaR­wies mi­waT­moq­me­de­bis mec­xo­ve­leo­bis oja­xu­ri mrew­
ve­lo­bis ker­Zod ke­ra­mi­kis oq­ros ver­cxlis brin­jaos na­ke­To­ba­Ta da mxat­vru­li
xe­los­no­bis im­droi­saT­vis ma­Ral do­nes. ma­ga­li­Tad Tria­leT­Si (wal­kis raio­ni)
gaT­xril erT did yor­Ra­nul sa­mar­xSi sa­dac ro­gorc fiq­ro­ben tom­Ta kav­Si­
ris be­la­di iyo dak­rZa­lu­li ar­qeo­lo­ge­bis­gan aR­mo­Ce­ni­li oq­ro­sa da ver­

py
cxlis sas­mi­se­bi uuZ­ve­le­si xe­lov­ne­bis Se­sa­niS­nav ni­mu­Sebs war­moad­ge­nen.

2. Zv. w. II­-e aTas­wleu­lis Sva xa­neb­Si ame­ri­kav­ka­siis sam­xreT da sam­xreT-da­

sav­le­TiT war­moq­mnil mi­Ta­ni­sa da xe­Te­bis sa­me­fo­Ta me­zob­laT Crdi­loe­TiT
mcxov­reb tom­Ta So­ris da TviT xe­Te­bis qve­ya­na­Sic mnuS­vne­lo­va­ni ad­gi­li eWi­
ra qar­Tvel­Ta wi­nap­rebs ro­mel­Tac ro­gorc Cans Zvel­Ta­gan­ve akav­Si­reb­daT
Co
enob­ri­vi er­Tia­no­ba. uk­ve am droi­saT­vis TviT­-myo­fa­do­bis mxriv gar­kveu­li
eT­ni­ku­ri sa­xis ma­ta­re­be­li qar­Tve­lu­ri to­me­bi ker­Zod meg­rel­Wa­ne­bi Sa­vi
zRvis sam­xreT­-aR­mo­sav­le­TiT mde­ba­re te­ri­to­ria­ze bi­nad­rob­den, qar­Te­bi ki
amaT aR­mo­sav­le­Ti­Ta da Crdi­loe­TaR­mo­sav­le­TiT esaz­Rvre­bo­den mxo­lod sva­
ne­bi _ Crdi­loeT­da­sav­le­TiT. amier­kav­ka­sia­Si da kav­ka­siis mTia­ne­Tis na­wil­Si
qar­Tvel­Ta me­zo­be­li da ax­lo­be­li sxva da sxva Se­da­re­biT mci­re­ric­xvo­va­ni
to­me­bi cxov­rob­den. qar­Tve­lu­ri to­me­bis sam­xre­TiT da sam­xreT­-da­sav­le­TiT
mde­ba­re mi­we­bi som­xur to­mebs eWi­raT. aR­mo­sav­le­TiT e. i. Ta­na­med­ro­ve a­zer­
n't
bai­ja­nis te­ri­to­ria­ze al­ba­ne­le­bis wi­nap­re­bi bi­nad­rob­den.

III. gaasworeT punqtuaciuri, morfologiur-orTografiuli, sintaqsuri da

stilisturi Secdomebi:
Do

1. XVII­-e sau­ku­ne­dan mo­yo­le­bu­li da­sav­leT sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si qao­su­ri mdgo­ma­reo­

ba iyo: ime­re­Tis ci­xeeb­Si Cam­dga­ri os­ma­lu­ri gar­ni­zo­ne­bi os­ma­lu­ri xar­ki me­
fi­sa da mTav­re­bis ur­Tier­T-brZo­la tyvee­biT vaW­ro­ba tax­tis ma­Zie­bel­Ta in­
tri­ge­bi, da­sus­te­bu­li ek­le­sia qve­ya­nas anar­qia­Si sZi­rav­da. 1752 wel­Si ime­re­Tis
sa­me­fo tax­tze avi­da 15 wlis so­lo­mon I. mis ga­me­fe­bas ewi­naaR­mde­ge­bo­den sa­ku­
Ta­ri de­da da bi­Ze­bi ra­Wis eris­Ta­vi gu­rie­li da aba­Si­Zee­bis Zlie­ri sag­va­reu­
lo. tax­ti­saT­vis meb­rZol pre­te­den­tTa cxa­re brZo­la­Si so­lo­mon­ma sa­bo­lood
moax­di­na ga­mar­jve­ba. ga­me­fe­bis­Ta­na­ve man brZo­la daiw­yo ur­Ci feo­da­le­bis wi­
naaR­mdeg. ami­saT­vis man odi­Sis da gu­riis mTav­re­bi mo­kav­Si­ree­bad gai­xa­da da
Se­de­gad da­nar­Ce­ni Se­da­re­biT nak­le­bi gav­le­nis Ta­vad­-az­nau­ro­bac dai­mor­Ci­la.

2. so­lo­mo­ni cen­tra­lu­ri xe­li­suf­le­bis gaZ­lie­re­bi­saT­vis da os­ma­loe­bis

qvey­ni­dan ga­Ze­ve­bi­saT­vis aq­tiu­rad moq­me­dob­da. es ki Ta­vis mxriv os­ma­lo fa­
Se­bis di­di uk­ma­yo­fi­lo­bas iw­vev­da. 1757 wel­Si os­mal­Ta ja­re­bi da­sav­leT sa­
qar­Tve­lo­Si Se­moiW­ren. so­lo­mon­ma vinc wi­nas­war em­za­de­bo­da am brZo­li­saT­vis
92
mter­Tan da­sax­ved­rad xre­si­lis (tyi­bu­lis raio­ni) mi­da­moe­bi air­Cia. brZo­la­
Si so­lo­mon I-ls Ta­va­de­bis ume­te­so­ba miem­xro. os­ma­le­bis mxa­res ki ros­tom
ra­Wis eris­Ta­vi da le­van aba­Si­Ze ga­da­vi­den, es uka­nas­kne­li Ta­vad Se­mouZ­Rva
axal­ci­xi­dan ga­mog­zav­nil os­mal­Ta jars ime­reT­Si. brZo­la gai­mar­Ta de­kem­
ber­Si _ so­lo­mon me­fe Ta­vi­sis ja­riT uec­raT Seu­tia os­mal­Ta ar­mias da sa­
bo­lood sas­ti­ki mar­cxi age­ma maT. brZo­la­Si sa­mi fa­Sa da mo­Ra­la­te aba­Si­Ze
mok­les. brZo­la­Si ga­dar­Ce­ni­li os­ma­le­bis na­wil­ma gaq­ce­viT uS­ve­les Tavs.
xre­si­lis brZo­la­Si gmi­ru­laT dai­Ru­pa me­fis da­sax­ma­reb­lad ime­reT­Si mi­si
raz­miT Ca­su­li af­xa­ze­Tis mTa­va­ri xu­tu­nia Ser­va­Si­Zec vinc brZo­lis dros 16
Tur­qi ga­moa­sal­ma si­coc­xles.

3. so­lo­mo­ni xvde­bo­da rom os­ma­leb­Tan brZo­la­Si miR­weu­li ga­mar­jve­ba droe­

bi­Ti iyo da isi­ni kvla­vac Se­moiW­re­bo­den qve­ya­na­Si. ami­to man 1758 wels gor­Si

py
Tei­mu­raz II-­Tan da erek­le II-­Tan me­gob­ro­bis da ur­Ter­Tdax­ma­re­bis xel­Sek­ru­
le­ba da­do. xre­si­lis brZo­la­Si mo­po­ve­bu­li ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg so­lo­mo­ni uf­
ro aq­tiu­rad Seud­ga re­for­me­bis ga­ta­re­bas. maT So­ris um­niS­vne­lo­va­ne­si iyo
tyve­Ta syid­vis ak­rZal­va ris­Tvi­sac me­femn mTe­li da­sav­leT sa­qar­Tve­los Ta­
vad­-az­nau­ro­ba Sek­ri­ba. kre­ba­ze da­ka­non­da ek­le­siis mier ma­Ti SeC­ve­ne­ba vinc
am saq­mes gaag­rZe­leb­da xo­lo sae­ro ka­non­-mdeb­lo­biT tyvee­biT mo­vaW­re­TaT­vis
Co
mox­da sik­vdi­liT das­jis dad­ge­na. ima­ve kre­ba­ze mi­Re­bul iq­na sxva ka­no­ne­bic,
rom­lis Za­li­tac aR­sdga qu­Tai­sis epar­qia ek­le­sias daub­run­da Ca­mor­Tmeu­li
mi­we­bi. gle­xe­bi ga­Ta­vi­suf­ldnen saek­le­sio ga­da­sa­xa­de­bi­dan da sxv.

4. so­lo­mon me­fem qvey­nis Tav­dac­vis­-u­na­ria­no­bis ga­saZ­lie­reb­laT ci­xe-­si­

mag­ree­bi me­fis mar­Tve­lo­ba­Si moaq­cia. zo­gi ci­xe man Ta­va­de­bi­dan Sei­Zi­na zo­gi
urC di­de­bu­lebs Ca­moar­Tva zo­gic ne­ba­yof­lo­biT ga­das­ces. tyve­Ta syid­vis
ak­rZal­vam os­ma­lo dam­pyrob­leb­Si di­di uk­ma­yo­fi­lo­ba ga­moiw­via. da­sav­leT
n't
sa­qar­Tve­los ci­xeeb­Si Cam­dga­ri Tur­qu­li gar­ni­zo­ne­bi tyve­Ta syid­viT did
Se­mo­sa­vals na­xu­lob­dnen. ami ga­mo XVIII 60-an wleeb­Si os­ma­leb­ma ram­den­jer­me
ilaS­qres da­sav­leT sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si, ase­ve qve­ya­nas le­ke­bis da­qi­ra­ve­bu­li ja­
re­bic Seu­sies. mar­Ta­lia am laS­qro­beb­ma ime­re­Ti Za­lian daa­sus­tes mag­ram
Tur­qeb­ma mainc ver moax­rxes da­sav­leT sa­qar­Tve­los da­mor­Ci­le­ba. so­lo­mo­nis
mier ga­ta­re­bu­li re­for­me­bis Se­de­gad mdgo­ma­reo­ba da­sav­leT sa­qar­Tve­lo­Si
Do

Se­da­re­biT gaum­jo­bes­da.

II. gaasworeT punqtuaciuri, morfologiur-orTografiuli, sintaqsuri da

stilisturi Secdomebi:

1. 1762 wel­Si me­fe Tei­mu­raz me­-II gar­daic­va­la da qar­Tl-ka­xe­Tis me­fe erek­

le me­-II­-e gax­da. pa­ta­ra erek­le ka­xeT­Si iz­de­bo­da. 1735 wels jer ki­dev 15 wli­
sam man pir­vel brZo­la­Si mii­Ro mo­na­wi­leo­ba ro­de­sac ka­xeT­Si Se­su­li le­ke­bi
Ta­vi­si mci­re raz­miT daa­mar­cxa da qvey­ni­dan gaaq­cia. mo­sax­leo­bas is ga­mor­
Ceu­lad uy­var­daT da mo­fe­re­biT pa­ta­ra kaxs eZax­da. qar­Tlka­xe­Tis gaer­Tia­
ne­bu­li sa­me­fos Ca­ba­re­bis Sem­deg erek­lem qvey­nis eko­no­mi­ku­ri sam­xed­ro da
so­cia­lu­ri prob­le­me­bis ga­da­saW­re­laT mra­va­li re­for­me­bis ga­ta­re­ba daiw­yo:
Sez­Ru­da Tav­ne­ba Ta­va­de­bi da moax­di­na zo­gier­Ti sa­Ta­va­doe­bis gauq­me­ba (a­rag­
vis, qsnis); daa­sax­la uc­xoe­li dam­pyrob­Ta Se­mo­se­ve­bis Se­de­gad moox­re­bu­li
93
 raio­ne­bi. iR­vwo­da uc­xoe­li moa­xal­Se­ne­Ta mo­zid­vi­sa da sa­me­fo sa­kuT­re­bis
gaz­di­saT­vis; ga­mo­ca ka­no­ni (1765 w.), rom­lis Za­li­Tac tyveo­bi­dan mi­si sax­sre­
bi­Ta da ini­cia­ti­viT dab­ru­ne­bu­li gle­xi­saT­vis Ta­vi­suf­le­bis mi­ni­We­ba xde­bo­
da; Seq­mna da gaam­rav­la Ta­vi­su­fal mi­waT­mflo­bel­-mo­laS­qre­Ta fe­na;

2. mefe ereklem Seq­mna mo­ri­geo­bis prin­cip­ze dam­ya­re­bu­li mud­mi­vi ja­ri ak­

rZa­la os­ma­lo­ba-­yi­zil­ba­So­bis dros ga­nax­le­bu­li yma­Ta uma­mu­lod ga­yid­va
da tyvee­biT vaW­ro­ba; da­raz­ma xal­xi tyve­Ta ga­ta­ce­bis wi­naaR­mdeg sab­rZol­
ve­lad (1772 w.). mniS­vne­lo­va­ni Ro­nis­Zie­be­bi gaa­ta­ra sa­xel­mwi­foeb­ri­vi wyo­bi­
le­bis ga­da­sa­xa­li­seb­laT; ru­se­Tis mi­baZ­viT Se­moi­Ro sam­xed­ro sis­te­ma; ca­da
mar­Tve­lo­ba cal­keu­li uw­ye­be­bis mi­xed­viT dae­na­wi­le­bia: `sa­ga­reo saq­me­Ta~,
`sa­xel­mwi­fo Se­mo­sav­li­sa~ da `sam­xed­ro saq­me­Ta~ dar­ge­bad. erek­le II­-e ener­
giul Ro­nis­Zie­bebs mi­mar­Tav­da mrew­ve­lo­bis da kul­tu­ris gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis,

py
ris Se­de­ga­dac gaC­da fab­ri­ke­bi da qar­xa­ne­bi (mi­nis, sar­kis, Sa­lis, san­Te­lis,
ia­ra­Ris, agu­ris, Ti­xis Wur­We­lis da­mam­za­de­be­li sa­war­moe­bi. zeT­sax­de­li, ma­
ril­sax­de­li, qar­xne­bi da sam­Reb­roe­bi). gan­vi­Tar­da sam­Ta­mad­no war­moe­ba (spi­
len­Zis, oq­ro-­ver­cxlis, Tu­jis, rki­nis), di­di Se­mo­sa­va­li Se­mo­dio­da ax­ta­lis
li­To­nis mad­ne­bis­gan (am ma­da­ni­dan pir­ve­laT mi­Re­bu­li oq­ro­dan erek­lem oq­
ros bar­Zi­mi daam­za­de­bin­na da mcxe­Tis sve­tic­xo­vels Ses­wi­ra);
Co
3. ga­nax­lda za­raf­xa­na, iW­re­bo­da ver­cxli­sa da spi­len­Zis fu­li; amu­Sav­da ia­
ra­Ris, den­Tis, zar­baz­nis da­mam­za­de­be­li qar­xne­bi. Tbi­lis­Si duq­ne­bis ric­xvi
xu­Ta­sam­de aR­wev­da. Tbi­lis­Si yo­vel­dRe sxva-­da-­sxva sa­xis sa­qon­liT dat­vir­
Tu­li qa­ra­va­ne­bi Se­mo­dio­da da aqe­da­nac ga­qon­daT tvir­Ti vaW­rebs. Sen­de­bo­da
axa­li Se­no­be­bi da ci­xee­bi. qve­ya­na­Si di­di yu­rad­Re­ba eT­mo­bo­da ga­naT­le­bas,
ix­sne­bo­da sa­su­lie­ro se­mi­na­rie­bi da sko­le­bi. aRad­gi­nes stam­ba, rac vax­tang
meeq­vsem Ca­moa­ta­ni­na vla­xe­Ti­dan (ru­mi­ne­Ti), di­di rao­de­no­biT ibeW­de­bo­da
n't
wig­ne­bi. me­fis ir­gvliv Seik­ri­ba ga­naT­le­bi­sa da kul­tu­ris moR­va­we­Ta da­si,
gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li yu­rad­Re­ba daeT­mo ek­le­siis gaZ­lie­re­bas. mSvi­di cxov­re­bis
mo­sa­po­veb­lad Tbi­li­sis­ken bev­ri erov­ne­bis qris­tian­ma Tu araq­ris­tian­ma iw­yo
wa­mos­vla da aq da­sax­le­ba. Tbi­li­si ame­ri­kav­ka­siis po­li­ti­kur, kul­tu­rul da
sa­vaW­ro cen­traT iq­ca. sa­qar­Tve­lo­Ti ev­ro­pis qvey­ne­bic dain­te­res­den.
Do

4. mra­va­li we­ri­le­bi ibeW­de­bo­da im­droin­del ru­sul da ev­ro­pis qve­ya­ne­bis

ga­ze­Teb­sa Tu Jur­na­leb­Si `princ erek­le­ze~, ro­mel­sac `qar­Tve­li lo­mis~ sa­xe­
li qon­da. erek­lem aq­tiu­ri sam­xed­ro moq­me­de­be­biT aR­mo­sav­leT amier­kav­ka­sia­
Si upi­ra­te­so­bis mo­po­ve­ba SeZ­lo. daiq­vem­de­ba­ra ere­va­nis, gan­jis da na­xi­We­va­nis
sa­xa­noe­bi. erek­les sam­xed­ro war­ma­te­ba­Si di­di mniS­vne­lo­ba qon­da mis mier Seq­
mnil ~mo­ri­ge jars”. mo­ri­ge jar­Si un­da em­sa­xu­ra yve­la wo­de­bis srul­-wlo­van
ma­ma­kacs we­li­wad­Si er­Ti Tve mi­si xar­ji­Ta da ia­ra­RiT. mo­laS­qre gle­xi sa­sur­
sa­To ga­da­sa­xa­di­dan Ta­vi­suf­lde­bo­da. xel­-mok­le gle­xi ba­tons sur­sa­Ti­Ta da
ia­ra­RiT un­da uz­run­vel­yo. Tav­da­pir­ve­laT mo­ri­ge jar­Si 5 aTa­si meo­ma­ri iyo.
mo­ri­ge ja­ri iyo­fo­da cal­ke er­Teu­le­baT, ris me­Taurs me­fe niS­nav­da. saer­
To xel­mZRva­ne­li iyo le­van ba­to­niS­vi­li (e­rek­le II­-es Ze). mo­ri­ge ja­ri me­fis
xe­li­suf­le­bis gan­mtki­ce­bi­sa da ga­re­Se mtre­bi­sa­gan qvey­nis Tav­da­sa­ca­vad iyo
Seq­mni­li. mo­ri­ge ja­ris Seq­mnis Se­de­gad lek­Ta Se­mo­se­ve­bi Sem­cir­da, mo­sax­leo­
ba sa­ma­la­vi­dan ga­mo­vid­nen da mSvi­do­bian Sro­mas Seud­gen, sof­le­bi mo­Sen­da.
94
 24 mZimis dasmis ZiriTadi principebi qarTulSi

mZi­me ar iwe­re­ba mar­tiv wi­na­da­de­ba­Si.

mSeneblebma auSenes mezobels saxli

(qvemdebare) (Semasmeneli) (iribi damateba) (pirdapiri damateba)

or kviraSi
lamazi aguriT (drois)
(gansazRvreba) (ubralo damateba)
agarakze

py
(adgilis)

swrafad
(viTarebis)

sacxovreblad
Co (miznis)

didi TxovniT
(mizezis)

or kvi­ra­Si di­di Txov­niT me­zo­bels mSe­neb­leb­ma aga­rak­ze agu­riT swra­fad

auSe­nes la­ma­zi sax­li.
es aris ma­r­ti­vi gav­r­co­bi­li wi­na­da­de­bis kon­s­t­ruq­cia.
n't
aq mZi­me ar iwe­re­ba.

or kviraSi, didi TxovniT, mezobels mSeneblebma, agarakze, aguriT, swrafad

auSenes lamazi saxli.
Do

mZime iwereba:
I. Serwymul winadadebaSi erTgvar wevrebs Soris;
II. gankerZoebul sityvebTan da gamoTqmebTan;
III. rTuli winadadebis Semadgenel winadadebaTa sazRvarze.

mZime mxolod am sam SemTxvevaSi iwereba.

Tu am sami SemTxvevidan arcerTi araa, maSin mZime ar daiwereba.

95
 I. mZime iwereba Serwymul winadadebaSi erTgvar wevrebs Soris;
* er­T­g­va­ri wev­re­bi aR­v­niS­noT ase:

I.1.

- - - - - - - , , , , da / Tu - - - - -
.
Ta­i­gul­Si iyo wi­Te­li, yvi­Te­li, TeT­ri da cis­fe­ri yva­vi­le­bi.

пнп­дт­зт:
mZi­me ar iwe­re­ba arc er­T­g­va­ri wev­re­bis win da arc Sem­deg;
Tu er­T­g­var wev­rebs aer­Tebs da an Tu kav­Si­ri, ma­Sin maT So­ris mZi­me ar

py
da­­­i­we­re­ba.

I.2.

, , , , _ yvela / yvelaferi - - - - - - - - - -.
- - - - - - - - - - yvela / yvelaferi:
Co , , , , .

xi­li, bos­t­ne­u­li, xor­ci _ yve­la­fe­ri ma­Ra­zi­a­Si vi­yi­de.

erT sa­aT­Si mo­vi­da yve­la: am­xa­na­gi, me­go­ba­ri, na­Te­sa­vi.
пнп­дт­зт:
Tu er­T­g­va­ri wev­re­bis Sem­deg gan­ma­zo­ga­de­be­li sity­va mo­dis (yve­la, yve­la­
fe­ri, yo­ve­li...), ma­Sin gan­ma­zo­ga­de­be­li sity­vis win ti­re (_) da­i­we­re­ba;
n't
Tu er­T­g­var wev­rebs win uZR­vis gan­ma­zo­ga­de­be­li sity­va, (yve­la, yve­la­fe­ri,
yo­ve­li...), ma­Sin gan­ma­zo­ga­de­be­li sity­vis Sem­deg or­wer­ti­li (:) da­i­we­re­ba;
Tu wev­re­bi er­T­g­va­ri araa, anu sa­gans er­Ti niS­nis mi­xed­viT ar axa­si­a­Tebs,
ma­Sin maT So­ris mZi­me ar da­i­we­re­ba:
Do

ko­da­lam xi­dan ga­mo­aT­ria er­Ti msu­qa­ni mo­TeT­ro Wia.

aq mZi­me ar da­i­we­re­ba, rad­gan sag­nis (Wi­is) da­xa­si­a­Te­ba sxva­das­x­va niS­nis mi­
xed­­viT xde­ba:
er­Ti _ ra­o­de­no­ba;
msu­qa­ni _ for­ma;
mo­TeT­ro _ fe­ri.

96
 II. mZi­me iwe­re­ba gan­ker­Zo­eb­ ul sity­veb­sa da ga­moT­q­meb­Tan:
gan­ker­Zo­e­bu­li sity­ve­bi da ga­moT­q­me­bi wi­na­da­de­ba­Si da­ma­te­biT in­for­ma­ci­as
gad­mog­v­ce­ms. da­ma­te­bi­Ti in­for­ma­cia wi­na­da­de­bis da­nar­Ce­ni wev­re­bi­sa­gan mZi­
me­­e­biT ga­mo­i­yo­fa.

II.1. gan­ker­Zo­e­buli gansazRvreba:

gansazRvreba _ rogori?

dabla Camowolili nisli abnelebda midamos.

gansazRvreba saxeli

py
1 2

гпн­кео­ыл­е­юу­дт гпн­мпзй­в­ое­юп

nisli, dabla Camowolili, abnelebda midamos.

saxeli
2
Co
gankerZoebuli gansazRvreba
1

ZaR­li­sa­gan Se­Si­ne­bu­li bav­S­vi gar­bo­da.

bav­S­vi, ZaR­li­sa­gan Se­Si­ne­bu­li, gar­bo­da.
n't
ana­li­zi:
gan­sazR­v­re­ba axa­si­a­Tebs sa­gans an mov­le­nas da igi Cve­u­leb­riv win uZR­vis im
sa­­xels, ro­mel­sac gan­sazR­v­ravs.
Tu am gan­sazR­v­re­bas ad­gils Se­vu­nac­v­lebT, igi gan­ker­Zo­e­bu­li gan­sazR­v­re­ba
gax­­de­ba da wi­na­da­de­bis da­nar­Ce­ni wev­re­bi­sa­gan mZi­me­e­biT un­da ga­mo­i­yos. mas wi­na­
Do

da­de­ba­Si uk­ve er­T­g­va­rad da­ma­te­bi­Ti in­for­ma­ci­is fun­q­cia eq­ne­ba.

97
 II. 2. gan­ker­Zo­e­bu­li ga­re­mo­e­ba:
ga­re­mo­e­ba _ sad? ro­dis? ro­gor? ra miz­niT? ra mi­ze­ziT?

xval CemTan moxval!

iqiT ZaRli wevs.

gan­ker­Zo­eb­ u­li ga­re­mo­eb­ a:

xval, orSabaTs, CemTan moxval!

xval, orSabaTs, or saaTze, CemTan moxval!

py
iqiT, xis qveS, ZaRli wevs.
iqiT, xis qveS, saxlis gverdiT, ZaRli wevs.

xval, orSabaTs, CemTan moxval!

rodis?
garemoeba
Co+
rodis?
garemoeba

gankerZoebuli drois garemoeba

iqiT, xis qveS, ZaRli wevs.

n't

sad? sad?

gankerZoebuli adgilis garemoeba

Do

mezoblebi oblebs Tbilad, dedaSvilurad, eqceodnen.

rogor? rogor?

gankerZoebuli viTarebis garemoeba

ana­li­zi:
Tu wi­na­da­de­ba­Si ori an me­ti er­T­g­va­ri ga­re­mo­e­baa, er­Ti azus­tebs me­o­res.
me­o­re ga­re­mo­e­ba wi­na­da­de­ba­Si da­ma­te­bi­Ti in­for­ma­ci­is rols as­ru­lebs,
azus­tebs pir­ve­li ga­re­mo­e­biT mo­wo­de­bul in­for­ma­ci­as, aris gan­ker­Zo­e­bu­
li ga­re­mo­e­ba da mZi­me­e­biT ga­mo­i­yo­fa wi­na­da­de­bis da­nar­Ce­ni wev­re­bi­sa­gan.

98
 II. 3. danarTi:

otia sofelSi cxovrobda.

otia, gvarad qamuSaZe, warmoSobiT aznauri, sofelSi cxovrobda..

danarTi — damatebiTi informacia

lomi, nadirT mefe, Zlieri cxovelia.

danarTi — dakonkreteba

py
ana­li­zi:
da­nar­Ti wi­na­da­de­bis wev­ris Se­sa­xeb da­ma­te­biT in­for­ma­ci­as iZ­le­va an akon­
k­re­tebs. igi Se­iZ­le­ba iyos sity­va an sity­va­Ta jgu­fi, ma­ga­li­Tad: sa­xe­lad,
gva­rad, war­mo­So­biT, erovnebiT, war­mo­mav­lo­biT, ma­ga­li­Tad, vTqvaT, sa­xel­
dobr, kerZod, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT, anu, ese igi (e. i.), garda amisa, miuxedavad amisa,
... Co
II. 4. CarTuli:

mTqmelis damokidebuleba _ CarTuli faqti

cxadia,
rasakvirvelia,
samwuxarod,
n't
Cemda sabednierod, dRes wvims.
ra Tqma unda,
jer erTi,
rogorc yovelTvis,

samwuxarod, dRes cudi amindia.

Do

CarTuli

CarTulis adgili winadadebaSi da sasveni niSani:

* CarTuli aR­v­niS­noT ase:

,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.
- - - - - - - - - -- - , , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.
- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - , .

ra Tqma un­da, es am­ba­vi yve­las ga­a­xa­rebs.

es am­ba­vi, ra Tqma un­da, yve­las ga­a­ge­bi­nes.
es am­ba­vi yve­las ga­a­xa­rebs, ra Tqma un­da.
99
 ana­li­zi:
Car­Tu­li sity­ve­bi da ga­moT­q­me­bi mniS­v­ne­lo­bi­sa da Si­na­ar­sis mi­xed­viT ram­
de­ni­me jgu­fad er­Ti­an­de­ba:
wi­na­da­de­biT ga­mo­xa­tul azrs mTqme­li afa­sebs ro­gorc ueW­vels, utyu­ars,
nam­d­vil faqts: ra­sak­vir­ve­lia, ra Tqma un­da, cxa­dia, Ta­vis­Ta­vad cxa­dia, ueW­
ve­lia, mar­T­lac, me rom mkiTxoT, ram­de­na­dac max­sovs, arc me­ti, arc nak­le­bi,
yo­vel Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si, suler­Tia, sul di­di, bo­los­ da ­bo­los...
wi­na­da­de­biT ga­moT­q­mu­li azri Se­fa­se­bu­lia ro­gorc va­ra­u­di, sa­eW­vo, sa­
Tuo an sa­e­ge­bio: mgo­ni, mgo­nia, vgo­neb, ro­gorc Cans, Cans, etyo­ba, et-yo­bo­
da, ro­gorc vatyob, co­ta ar iyos, Tu ar vcde­bi, ro­gorc vxe­dav(T), kac­ma rom
Tqvas, vin icis, iq­ne­ba, vfiq­rob, er­Ti Se­xed­viT, er­Tic vna­xoT, vTqvaT, ase Tu
ise...

py
Car­Tu­li ga­moT­q­me­bi afa­sebs faqts Cve­u­leb­ri­o­bis, aRi­a­re­bu­li WeS­ma­ri­te­
bis an gan­zo­ga­de­bis Tval­saz­ri­siT: Cve­u­leb­riv, ro­gorc we­si, we­sis Ta­nax­
mad, ro­gorc vi­ciT, ro­gorc cno­bi­lia, ro­gorc yo­vel­T­vis, ro­gorc xSi­rad
xde­ba xol­me, sa­er­Tod, sa­zo­ga­dod...
Car­Tu­li ga­mo­xa­tavs mTqme­lis grZno­bas, ro­me­lic emo­ci­u­rad afa­sebs wi­
Co
na­da­de­biT ga­mo­xa­tul azrs: sam­wu­xa­rod, sa­bed­ni­e­rod, sa­u­be­du­rod, Cven­da
sa­si­xa­ru­lod, be­dad, ra­Rac be­dad, ra­Rac eS­ma­kad, RvTiT, RvTis Se­wev­niT, Cem­
da iR­b­lad, ra vqna, mtri­sas...
Car­Tu­li mi­u­Ti­Tebs wi­na­da­de­ba­Si ga­moT­q­mu­li az­ris wya­ros, aR­niS­navs, Tu
vi­si kuT­v­ni­le­baa igi: Ce­mi az­riT, Se­ni az­riT, ma­gis az­riT, rom ity­vi­an, xal­
xis Tqmu­le­biT, am­bo­ben, ro­gorc Zve­lad am­bob­d­nen, ga­ze­Te­bis cno­biT, mi­si /
Ce­mi war­mod­ge­niT...
Car­Tu­li afa­sebs kon­k­re­tu­li wi­na­da­de­biT ga­moT­q­mu­li az­ris for­mas: uf­
n't
ro swo­rad rom vTqvaT, ase vTqvaT, ukeT rom vTqvaT, ukeT, vTqvaT, uf­ro swo­
rad...
Car­Tu­li gad­mo­ce­mu­lia me­o­re pi­ris for­miT da xazs us­vams wi­na­da­de­biT
ga­moT­q­mul azrs an emo­ci­as: nu ga­gik­vir­de­baT, war­mo­id­gi­neT, mo­gex­se­ne­baT,
Tu gne­bavT, ro­gorc getyo­baT, ro­gorc mogex­se­ne­baT, Tqven war­mo­id­gi­neT,
iciT, ase ifiq­reT, ase ga­sin­jeT, Sen xar Ce­mi ba­to­ni...
Do

Car­Tu­li ga­mo­xa­tavs mTqme­lis da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­bas win ga­moT­q­mul az­reb­Tan:

jer er­Ti, ... me­o­re(c), Ta­nac, er­Ti mxriv, ... me­o­re mxriv, pir­ve­li, ...me­o­re, er­Ti
sity­viT, am­g­va­rad, ase da am­ri­gad, ma­Sa­sa­da­me, da­sas­rul, ro­gorc vTqviT, ro­
gorc aR­v­niS­neT, ro­gorc ze­viT vTqviT, ro­gorc ze­moT iyo naT­q­va­mi, ro­gorc
mo­gax­se­neT, vi­me­o­reb, ase rom, uf­ro me­tic, miT ume­tes, mok­led, amas­Ta­na­ve,
sxva­Ta­ So­ris, maT So­ris, sity­va­ze, ma­ga­li­Tad, pi­ri­qiT, sa­ma­gi­e­rod...
Car­Tu­lia sa­a­ler­so sity­ve­bi, fi­cis for­mu­le­bi: Se­ni Wi­ri­me, Sen ge­nac­va­le,
Se­ni kvne­sa­me, Tavs Semo­gev­le, ge­Tay­va­ne, ge­Tay­va, de­daS­vi­lo­bam, Zmo­bam, Rmer­
T­ma­ni, Cem­ma mzem, Sen­ma mzem, ge­fi­ce­bi...

100
 II. 5. mimarTva:

— giorgi, modi aq!

mimarTva

mimarTvis adgili winadadebaSi da sasveni niSani:

*mimarTva aR­v­niS­noT ase:

,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - / ! / ? / ?!
- - - - - - - - - -- - , , - - - - - - - - - - - - - / ! / ? / ?!

py
- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , / ! / ? / ?!

le­van, da­xu­re ka­ri!

da­xu­re, le­van, ka­ri!
ka­ri da­xu­re, le­van!

ana­li­zi:
Co
mi­mar­T­va aris wo­de­biT brun­va­Si das­mu­li sa­xe­li, ro­me­lic wi­na­da­de­ba­Si
mZi­me­e­biT ga­mo­i­yo­fa. adamianis sa­ku­Ta­ri sa­xe­li wo­de­biT brun­va­Si fu­Zis
sa­xi­Taa war­mod­ge­ni­li, da­nar­Cen sa­xe­lebs ki er­T­vis brun­vis ni­Sa­ni -o an -v.
n't
II. 6. mi­ge­bi­Ti na­wi­la­ke­bi:

— ho, male moval!

migebiTi nawilaki
Do

ana­li­zi:
mi­ge­bi­Ti na­wi­la­ke­bi aris mok­le sa­pa­su­xo for­me­bi. mi­ge­bi­Ti na­wi­la­ke­bi or­g­
va­ria: da­das­tu­re­bi­Ti (ho, ki, di­ax; k­argi­­, k­e­Tili) da uar­yo­fi­Ti (ara, ve­ra).

101
 II. 7. Sorisdebuli:

yoCaR, ase unda moiqce!

Sorisdebuli

Sorisdebulis adgili winadadebaSi da sasveni niSani:

* Sorisdebuli aR­v­niS­noT ase:

,- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -!
- - - - - - - - - -- - , , - - - - - - - - - - - - - -!

py
- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , !

aba, me­gob­re­bo, wa­vi­deT!

me­gob­re­bo, aba, wa­vi­deT!
me­gob­re­bo, wa­vi­deT, aba!

ana­li­zi:
Co
So­ris­de­bu­li emo­ci­is, gan­wyo­bis ga­mom­xat­ve­li Se­Za­xi­lia. Cve­u­leb­riv, igi
wi­na­da­de­ba­Si mZi­miT ga­mo­i­yo­fa. ga­mo­i­yo­fa So­ris­de­bu­lis Sem­de­gi jgu­fe­bi:
si­xa­ru­lis: oh, viS, uh...
mwu­xa­re­bis: vai, va­i­me, ui, uime, oh, ox...
n't
mo­wo­ne­bis: va­Sa, yo­CaR...
da­na­ne­bis: eh, ah...
zizRis: fu, fuh, fui...
gak­vir­ve­bis: bi­Wos, eri­ha...
mo­wo­de­bis: aba, ha, hei, ei...
Do

natvris: ax, ah...

102
 Sejameba:
gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi winadadebaSi damatebiTi in­for­ma­ciis
rols asrulebs da yovelTvis gamoiyofa mZimiT.

gankerZoebis adgili winadadebaSi da sasveni niSani:

*gankerZoeba aR­v­niS­noT ase:

,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.
- - - - - - - - - -- , , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.
- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - , .

py
III. mZime iwereba rTul winadadebaSi Semadgenel wina­da­de­ba­Ta saz­Rvarze:
Co 2 zmna = 2 winadadeba
sazRvarze iwereba mZime

vicodi, rom moxvidodi.

vicodi, aucileblad moxvidodi.
me rom movedi, Sen wasuli damxvdi.
n't
mTavari da damokidebuli winadadebis gamoyofa:

gadavwyvite, // rom saxlSi wavsuliyavi.

ra gadavwyvite? rom saxlSi wavsuliyavi

Do

mTavari winadadeba damokidebuli winadadeba

// sazRvarze iwereba mZime

gadavwyvite, // saxlSi wavsuliyavi.

mTavari winadadeba damokidebuli winadadeba

es rom gadavwyvite, // saxlSi wavedi.

damokidebuli winadadeba mTavari winadadeba

103
 damokidebuli winadadebis adgili:

* mTavari winadadeba aR­v­niS­noT ase:

damokidebuli winadadeba ki _ ase: - - - - - - - - - - - -

,- - - - - - - - - - - -.
,- - - - - - - - - - - - , .
- - - - - - - - - - - - , .

gi­or­gim si­ci­li da­iwyo, es rom vuTxa­ri.

py
gi­or­gim, es rom vuTxa­ri, si­ci­li da­iwyo.
es rom vuTxa­ri, gi­or­gim si­ci­li da­iwyo.

gi­or­gis es rom vuTxa­ri, si­ci­li da­iwyo.

ana­li­zi:
Co
wi­na­da­de­ba rTu­lia, Tu igi Sedgeba ori an me­ti Se­mad­ge­ne­li wi­na­da­de­bi­sa­
gan da isi­ni er­Ti­an azrs ga­mo­xa­ta­ven.
mZi­me iwe­re­ba Se­mad­ge­nel wi­na­da­de­ba­Ta sazR­var­ze.
da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba Se­iZ­le­ba ar iwye­bo­des kav­Si­riT, mag­ram da­mo­ki­
de­bu­li da mTa­va­ri wi­na­da­de­be­bis sazR­var­ze mZi­me ma­inc da­i­we­re­ba.
Se­saZ­le­be­lia rTul wi­na­da­de­ba­Si kav­Si­ri ga­mo­to­ve­bu­li iyos, mag­ram wi­na­
da­de­ba­Ta sazR­var­ze mZi­me ma­inc da­i­we­re­ba.
n't
Tu da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba mTa­var wi­na­da­de­ba­Sia Car­Tu­li, da­mo­ki­de­bu­
li wi­na­da­de­ba ori­ve mxri­dan mZi­miT ga­mo­i­yo­fa.
Do

104
Do
n't
Co
py
testebi
 testi 1

1. er­T­ma da­raj­ma mo­sul stum­rebs WiS­ka­ri far­Tod ga­u­Ro. _ am wi­na­da­de­ba­Si

qvem­de­ba­rea:
a) er­T­ma; b) da­raj­ma; g) stum­rebs; d) WiS­ka­ri.

2. biWs sa­ye­lo hqon­da awe­u­li. _ am wi­na­da­de­ba­Si aris:

a) mar­ti­vi Se­mas­me­ne­li; b) Sed­ge­ni­li Se­mas­me­ne­li.

3. go­go­nam Se­ci­e­bul bavSvs di­di Sa­li mo­a­xu­ra. _ am wi­na­da­de­ba­Si pir­da­pi­ri

da­ma­te­baa:
a) go­go­nam; b) bavSvs; g) Sa­li.

py
4. bi­Wi Se­Si­ne­bul bavSvs awy­na­reb­da. _ `Se­Si­ne­bu­li~ aris:
a) gan­sazR­v­re­ba; b) ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­ba;
g) vi­Ta­re­bis ga­re­mo­e­ba.

5. mo­e­da­ni sa­oc­rad brwyi­nav­da, cim­ci­meb­da, aTas­f­rad el­va­reb­da. _ es wi­na­

Co
da­de­ba aris:
a) rTu­li Tan­wyo­bi­li; b) rTu­li qvewyo­bi­li;
g) mar­ti­vi gav­r­co­bi­li; d) Ser­wy­mu­li.

6. da­Ram­da, mze Ca­vi­da, ca Ca­mob­nel­da. _ es wi­na­da­de­ba aris:

a) rTu­li Tan­wyo­bi­li; b) rTu­li qvewyo­bi­li;
g) Ser­wy­mu­li; d) mar­ti­vi gav­r­co­bi­li.
n't
7. ro­mel wi­na­da­de­ba­Si ar aris swo­rad das­mu­li sas­ve­ni ni­Sa­ni:
a) aleq­san­d­re sam­wu­xa­rod, Sex­ved­ra­ze ar mo­vi­da;
b) sam­wu­xa­rod, aleq­san­d­re Sex­ved­ra­ze ar mo­vi­da;
g) aleq­san­d­re, sam­wu­xa­rod, Sex­ved­ra­ze ar mo­vi­da.

8. vfiq­rob, es am­ba­vi yve­las ga­a­xa­rebs. _ `vfiq­rob~ aris:

Do

a) Se­mas­me­ne­li; b) Sed­ge­ni­li Se­mas­me­ne­li;

g) Car­Tu­li; d) da­nar­Ti.

9. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:

a) sko­la­Si miv­di­var, rad­gan Sex­ved­ras da­ves­w­ro;
b) sko­la­Si miv­di­var, ra­Ta Sex­ved­ras da­ves­w­ro.

10. ro­mel wi­na­da­de­ba­Sia swo­rad das­mu­li sas­ve­ni niS­ne­bi:

a) is go­go­na, ro­mel­sac ve­lo­di Ce­mi kla­se­li aR­moC­n­da;
b) is go­go­na ro­mel­sac ve­lo­di, Ce­mi kla­se­li aR­moC­n­da;
g) is go­go­na, ro­mel­sac ve­lo­di, Ce­mi kla­se­li aR­moC­n­da.

106
testi 2

1. ro­me­li ni­Sa­ni un­da da­is­vas wi­na­da­de­bis bo­los: ra mSve­ni­e­ria di­la mTa­Si

a) wer­ti­li; b) kiTx­vis ni­Sa­ni;
g) Za­xi­lis ni­Sa­ni; d) kiTx­viT-Za­xi­lis ni­Sa­ni.

2. na­Tia ke­ke­li­Zis qu­Ca­ze cxov­robs. _ xaz­gas­mu­li sity­ve­bi aris:

a) Se­Tan­x­me­ba; b) mar­T­va; g) mir­T­va.

3. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:

a) xal­xi uk­ve er­Ti sa­a­Tia ma­gi­debs mi­us­x­d­nen;
b) col-qma­ri sa­mog­za­u­rod eg­vip­te­Si wa­vid­nen;

py
g) Rrub­le­bi cas ga­da­e­far­nen;
d) yva­vi­le­bi TiT­qos ra­Ra­cas me­Cur­Cu­le­bod­nen.

4. Si­na­ar­sis mi­xed­viT wi­na­da­de­ba Se­iZ­le­ba iyos:

a) ori sa­xis; Co b) sa­mi sa­xis;
g) oTxi sa­xis; d) xu­Ti sa­xis.

5. uk­ve di­di xa­nia, ana so­fel­Sia. _ wi­na­da­de­ba­Si aris:

a) mar­ti­vi Se­mas­me­ne­li; b) Sed­ge­ni­li Se­mas­me­ne­li.

6. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:

a) ni­ni da ma­ri­a­mi kar­gi me­gob­re­bia;
b) ni­ni da ma­ri­a­mi kar­gi me­gob­re­bi ari­an.
n't
7. moTx­ro­biT brun­va­Si Se­iZ­le­ba id­ges:
a) qvem­de­ba­re da iri­bi da­ma­te­ba; b) mxo­lod qvem­de­ba­re;
g) mxo­lod pir­da­pi­ri da­ma­te­ba; d) mxo­lod da­ma­te­be­bi.

8. ro­mel brun­va­Sia iri­bi da­ma­te­ba:

Do

a) sa­xe­lo­biT­sa da mi­ce­miT­Si; b) mxo­lod sa­xe­lo­biT­Si;

g) mxo­lod mi­ce­miT­Si;
d) sa­xe­lo­biT­Si, moTx­ro­biT­sa da mi­ce­miT­Si.

9. ro­mel wi­na­da­de­ba­Sia sas­ve­ni niS­ne­bi swo­rad dasmuli:

a) `mzeo amo­di amo­di, nu efa­re­bi go­ra­sa!~
b) `mzeo amo­di, amo­di, nu efa­re­bi go­ra­sa!~
g) `mzeo, amo­di amo­di, nu efa­re­bi go­ra­sa!~
d) `mzeo, amo­di, amo­di, nu efa­re­bi go­ra­sa!~

10. so­fel xev­Si cxov­rob­da er­Ti ka­ci, sa­xe­lad min­dia. _ xaz­gas­mu­li sity­ve­bi
aris:
a) Car­Tu­li; b) da­nar­Ti;
g) gan­ker­Zo­e­bu­li gan­sazR­v­re­ba; d) gan­ker­Zo­e­bu­li ga­re­mo­e­ba.
107
 testi 3

1. wi­na­da­de­bis ra wev­ria xaz­gas­mu­li sity­va: bav­S­ve­bi ga­u­Ta­veb­lad la­pa­ra­

kob­d­nen Ta­vi­anT STa­beW­di­le­beb­ze.
a) iri­bi da­ma­te­ba; b) pir­da­pi­ri da­ma­te­ba;
g) ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­ba; d) mi­ze­zis ga­re­mo­e­ba.

2. sin­taq­su­ri da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­bis ra sa­xea xaz­gas­mul sity­veb­Si: Cems me­go­bars

bav­S­vo­bi­dan vic­nob.
a) Se­Tan­x­me­ba; b) mar­T­va;
g) mir­T­va.

py
3. ezo Tan­da­Tan iv­se­bo­da stum­re­biT. _ xaz­gas­mu­li sity­va aris:
a) qvem­de­ba­re; b) pir­da­pi­ri da­ma­te­ba;
g) iri­bi da­ma­te­ba; d) ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­ba.

4. na­na sko­la­Si ad­re mi­vi­da. _ es wi­na­da­de­ba aris:

a) ga­uv­r­co­be­li; b) gav­r­co­bi­li;
g) sru­li;
Co d) us­ru­li.

5. rTul Tan­wyo­bil wi­na­da­de­bebs aer­Tebs:

a) ma­er­Te­be­li kav­Si­re­bi; b) maq­vem­de­ba­re­be­li kav­Si­re­bi.

6. xan _ xan aris:

a) maj­gu­fe­be­li kav­Si­ri; b) ma­cal­ke­ve­be­li kav­Si­ri;
g) ma­pi­ris­pi­re­be­li kav­Si­ri; d) ma­i­gi­ve­be­li kav­Si­ri.
n't

7. age­bu­le­bis mi­xed­viT wi­na­da­de­ba aris:

a) mar­ti­vi da rTu­li; b) Txro­bi­Ti da kiTxi­Ti;
g) sru­li da us­ru­li; d) gav­r­co­bi­li da ga­uv­r­co­be­li.

8. uq­vem­de­ba­ro wi­na­da­de­ba:
Do

a) wi­na­da­de­ba, ro­mel­Sic ar aris qvem­de­ba­re, mag­ram igu­lis­x­me­ba;

b) wi­na­da­de­ba, ro­mel­Sic ar aris qvem­de­ba­re da arc igu­lis­x­me­ba.

9. oTax­Si ise­Ti sicxe iyo, rom sun­T­q­va Wir­da. _ wi­na­da­de­ba aris:

a) rTu­li Tan­wyo­bi­li; b) rTu­li qvewyo­bi­li;
g) gav­r­co­bi­li.

10. Tor­ni­ke, vis elo­de­bo­di am­den xans qu­Ca­Si? _ wi­na­da­de­ba­Si xaz­gas­mu­li

sity­va aris:
a) qvem­de­ba­re; b) da­ma­te­ba;
g) mi­mar­T­va; d) da­nar­Ti.

108
testi 4

1. si­ntaq­su­ri da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­bis ra sa­xea wyvil­Si _ am­wiT ata­ni­li:

a) Se­Tan­x­me­ba; b) mar­T­va;
g) mir­T­va.
2. go­go­nam pi­ri swra­fad da­i­ba­na. _ swra­fad aris:
a) ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­ba; b) gan­sazR­v­re­ba;
g) vi­Ta­re­bis ga­re­mo­e­ba.
3. us­ru­li wi­na­da­de­ba aris:
a) wi­na­da­de­ba, ro­mel­sac wev­ri ak­lia, mag­ram igu­lis­x­me­ba;
b) wi­na­da­de­ba, ro­me­lis az­ri das­ru­le­bu­li araa;

py
g) wi­na­da­de­ba, ro­mel­sac ar ak­lia wev­ri;
d) wi­na­da­de­ba, ro­mel­sac wev­ri ar ak­lia da arc igu­lis­x­me­ba.
4. biW­ma Tva­le­bi ga­a­xi­la. _ Tva­le­bi aris:
a) qvem­de­ba­re; b) pir­da­pi­ri da­ma­te­ba;
g) iri­bi da­ma­te­ba.
Co
5. ise­Ti, ro­go­ric _ es kav­Si­ri ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ba:
a) qvem­de­ba­rul da­mo­ki­de­bul wi­na­da­de­ba­Si;
b) gan­sazR­v­re­biT da­mo­ki­de­bul wi­na­da­de­ba­Si;
g) vi­Ta­re­bis ga­re­mo­e­biT da­mo­ki­de­bul wi­na­da­de­ba­Si;
d) mi­ze­zis ga­re­mo­e­biT da­mo­ki­de­bul wi­na­da­de­ba­Si
6. ana verc eq­s­kur­si­a­ze wa­vi­da da verc Sex­ved­ra­ze. _ wi­na­da­de­ba aris:
a) mar­ti­vi gav­r­co­bi­li; b) Ser­wy­mu­li;
n't
g) rTu­li Tan­wyo­bi­li; d) rTu­li qvewyo­bi­li.
7. ro­mel wi­na­da­de­ba­Sia Se­Tan­x­me­bis prin­ci­pi dar­R­ve­u­li?
a) Cem­ma me­go­bar­ma yve­la­fe­ri ga­ma­ge­bi­na;
b) axal­ma mas­wav­le­bel­ma Za­li­an bev­ri sa­in­te­re­so ram mog­viTx­ro;
g) gi­gi Ta­vis saq­ci­el­ma did sir­cx­vil­Si Ca­ag­do.
Do

8. le­vans yve­la­fer­Si etyo­bo­da, rom mom­x­da­ri am­biT uk­ma­yo­fi­lo iyo. _ wi­

na­da­de­ba aris:
a) rTu­li qvewyo­bi­li; b) Ser­wy­mu­li;
g) rTu­li Tan­wyo­bi­li.
9. le­van­ma, me­tad ni­Wi­er­ma stu­den­t­ma, ma­Sin­ve mi­iq­cia leq­to­re­bis yu­radRe­
ba. _ xaz­gas­mu­li sity­ve­bi aris:
a) da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba; b) mTa­va­ri wi­na­da­de­ba;
g) Car­Tu­li; d) da­nar­Ti.
10. es, ro­gorc Cans, kar­gad icod­nen jgu­fis da­nar­Cen­ma wev­reb­ma. _ xaz­gas­mu­
li sity­ve­bi aris:
a) da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba; b) mTa­va­ri wi­na­da­de­ba;
g) Car­Tu­li; d) da­nar­Ti.
109
 testi 5

1. so­fels nam­d­vi­lad sWir­de­bo­da Wkvi­a­ni da ga­moc­di­li Tav­ka­ci, ra­Ta daw­ye­

bu­li saq­me­e­bi Rir­se­u­lad mi­ey­va­na bo­lom­de.
mo­ce­mu­li wi­na­da­de­ba aris:
a) rTu­li Tan­wyo­bi­li; b) rTu­li qvewyo­bi­li

2. mTa­va­ri wi­na­da­de­ba aris:

a) pir­ve­li wi­na­da­de­ba; b) me­o­re wi­na­da­de­ba

3. wi­na­da­de­ba aris:
a) kav­Si­ri­a­ni Tan­wyo­bi­li;

py
b) da­ma­te­bi­Ti da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba;
g) mi­ze­zis ga­re­mo­e­bi­Ti da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba;
d) miz­nis ga­re­mo­e­bi­Ti da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba.

4. pir­ve­li wi­na­da­de­ba aris:

g) Ser­wy­mu­li;

5. nam­d­vi­lad aris:
Co
a) mar­ti­vi ga­uv­r­co­be­li; b) rTu­li Tan­wyo­bi­li;
d) sa­xel­de­bi­Ti.

a) gan­sazR­v­re­ba; b) ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­ba;

g) vi­Ta­re­bis ga­re­mo­e­ba.

6. Wkvi­a­ni aris:
n't
a) gan­sazR­v­re­ba; b) vi­Ta­re­bis ga­re­mo­e­ba;
g) ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­ba.

7. ra­Ta aris:
a) ma­er­Te­be­li kav­Si­ri; b) maq­vem­de­ba­re­be­li kav­Si­ri.

8. me­o­re wi­na­da­de­ba aris:

Do

a) sru­li; b) us­ru­li;
g) sa­xel­de­bi­Ti; d) uq­vem­de­ba­ro.

9. dawye­bu­li aris:
a) gan­sazR­v­re­ba; b) vi­Ta­re­bis ga­re­mo­e­ba;
g) ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­ba.

10. Rir­se­u­lad aris:

a) gan­sazR­v­re­ba; b) vi­Ta­re­bis ga­re­mo­e­ba;
g) ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­ba.

110
testi 6

1. ro­me­lia uq­vem­de­ba­ro wi­na­da­de­ba:

a) sax­l­Si me­tad ci­o­da; b) bne­li Ra­me iyo.
g) mTva­re Rrub­lebs mo­e­fa­ra; d) zam­Ta­ri mo­ax­lov­da.

2. ro­me­lia sa­xel­de­bi­Ti wi­na­da­de­ba:

a) da­iwyo di­di wvi­me­bi; b) cxe­la. ni­av­ ic ar qris;
g) qu­Ca. xma­u­ri. Jri­a­mu­li; d) Zli­e­ri qa­ri qris.

3. oni­ses cxe­ni sa­ba­la­xod da­e­to­ve­bi­na. _ sa­ba­la­xod aris:

a) ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­ba; b) vi­Ta­re­bis ga­re­mo­e­ba;

py
g) mi­ze­zis ga­re­mo­e­ba; d) miz­nis ga­re­mo­e­ba.

4. ro­mel wi­na­da­de­ba­Sia swo­rad das­mu­li sa­s­ve­ni niS­ne­bi.

a) ezo­Si, Ro­bes­Tan Zro­xa ba­laxs mSvi­dad Zov­da;
b) ezo­Si Ro­bes­Tan, Zro­xa ba­laxs mSvi­dad Zov­da;
Co
g) ezo­Si, Ro­bes­Tan, Zro­xa ba­laxs mSvi­dad Zov­da.

5. sev­di­a­nad vfiq­rob­di ima­ze, rom xva­li­dan aq aRar vicxov­reb­di. _ es wi­na­

da­de­ba aris:
a) ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­bi­Ti da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba;
b) vi­Ta­re­bis ga­re­mo­e­bi­Ti da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba;
g) mi­ze­zis ga­re­mo­e­bi­Ti da­mo­ki­de­bu­li wi­na­da­de­ba.
n't
6. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­ba araa swo­ri ricx­v­Si Se­Tan­x­me­bis mi­xed­viT:
a) ana da ni­no, rom­le­bic sko­la­Si er­Tad swav­lo­ben, eq­s­kur­si­a­ze wa­vid­nen;
b) col-qma­ri, rom­le­bic sa­mog­za­u­rod iy­v­nen, ax­la­xan dab­run­d­nen sa­qar­T­
ve­lo­Si;
g) stu­den­te­bi, rom­le­bic leq­ci­ebs ar da­es­w­re­bi­an, ga­moc­da­ze ar da­iS­ve­
bi­an.
Do

7. moTx­ro­bi­Ti brun­va aris:

a) mxo­lod qvem­de­ba­ris brun­va;
b) mxo­lod pir­da­pi­ri da­ma­te­bis brun­va;
g) mxo­lod iri­bi da­ma­te­bis brun­va;
d) mxo­lod ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­bis brun­va.

8. ro­mel wi­na­da­de­ba­Si aris ub­ra­lo da­ma­te­ba:

a) mTis kal­Tebs sib­ne­le mo­e­Za­la;
b) dRem­de ver ga­vi­ge Ce­mi mas­pin­Z­lis xa­si­a­Ti;
g) de­da sa­di­lis mza­de­bas Se­ud­ga.

111
 9. To­fe­biT Se­i­a­raRe­bul­ma me­om­reb­ma ci­xes Se­u­ti­es. _ xaz­gas­mul sity­vebs
So­ris aris:
a) mar­T­va; b) mir­T­va;
g) Se­Tan­x­me­ba.

10. To­fe­biT Se­i­a­raRe­bul­ma me­om­reb­ma ci­xes Se­u­ti­es. _ xaz­gas­mul sity­vebs

So­ris aris:
a) mar­T­va; b) mir­T­va;
g) Se­Tan­x­me­ba.

py
testi 7
Co
1. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:
a) es iyo ga­moc­dil ada­mi­a­nis Rir­se­u­li na­bi­ji;
b) Cem me­go­bar­ma es am­ba­vi Sar­San mo­miTx­ro;
g) me bed­ni­e­ri var, rom vic­nob am di­de­bul ada­mi­ans.
n't
2. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:
a) san­d­rom Ta­vis mas­wav­leb­lis mi­sa­mar­Ti ar ico­da;
b) na­ta Ta­vis saq­miT Za­li­an kma­yo­fi­lia;
g) gu­ram­ma Ta­vis am­xa­nags si­mar­T­le uTx­ra.

3. ro­me­li winadadebaa swo­ri:

Do

a) iri­ne da sa­lo­me stu­den­te­bia;

b) Ce­mi sax­lis win di­di xe­e­bia;
g) san­d­ro da gu­ra­mi ar­qi­teq­to­re­bia.

4. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:

a) zo­gi­er­T­ma es arc ki icis;
b) uam­ra­vi ada­mi­a­ne­bi akiTxa­ven axal sa­me­di­ci­no centrs;
g) da-Zma kar­gad mRe­rod­nen.

5. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:

a) gu­Sin ma­ma-Svi­li Cem­Tan mo­vid­nen;
b) de­da-Svi­li mTe­li dRe zRvis sa­na­pi­ro­ze iy­v­nen;
g) col-qma­ri ax­la sax­l­Si araa.
112
6. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:
a) nu­cas sax­lis win di­di Wad­re­bi dga­nan;
b) xe­e­bi qa­ris­gan ir­xe­vi­an;
g) yva­vi­le­bi Tavs xri­an.

7. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:

a) nam­d­vi­li ada­mi­a­ni is aris, vinc sxveb­ze fiq­robs;
b) bed­ni­e­ria is, ro­me­lic mi­zans aR­wevs;
g) mox­da is, ro­mel­sac ar ve­lo­di.

8. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:

a) is go­go­na vna­xe, vinc Sar­San ga­vi­ca­ni.

py
b) sul co­ta xan­Si wa­vi­kiTxe is wig­ni, sa­dac mwer­lis cxovre­baa aR­we­ri­li.
g) es is ada­mi­a­nia, ro­mel­mac ga­da­mar­Ci­na.

9. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa swo­ri:

a) sa­mi go­go­na, ro­me­lic Cem­ken mo­di­o­da, Ce­mi kla­se­li aR­moC­n­da;
Co
b) raz­mi, ro­me­lic gor­Tan id­ga, wvrTnis­T­vis em­za­de­ba;
g) mra­va­li stu­den­ti, ro­me­lic am sas­wav­le­bel­Si swav­lob­da, ax­la war­ma­te­
bu­li ada­mi­a­nia.

10. ro­me­l wi­na­da­de­ba­Sia swo­rad SerCeuli kav­Si­ri:

a) ana ga­xa­re­bu­li iyo, ra­Ta yve­la­fe­ri kar­gad dam­Tav­r­da;
b) san­d­ro ad­re ad­ga, rad­gan yve­la­fe­ri mo­es­w­ro;
g) qe­Tim ad­re ve­Rar ga­iR­vi­Za, rad­gan wu­xel Za­li­an gvi­an da­i­Zi­na.
n't
Do

testi 8

1. ro­me­li na­wi­la­ki ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ba iri­bi naT­q­va­mis gad­mo­sa­ce­mad;

a) ki; b) -c;
g) -Ra; d) -o.

2. ra ti­pi­saa mo­ce­muli wi­na­da­de­ba: na­ta­li­am ar ico­da, ra­tom iyo axa­li me­

zo­be­li uk­ma­yo­fi­lo.
a) kiTx­vi­Ti wi­na­da­de­ba;
b) rTu­li Tan­wyo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­ba;
g) ukav­Si­ro qvewyo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­ba;
d) zer­Tu­li wi­na­da­de­ba;
113
 3. ro­me­lia swo­ri wi­na­da­de­ba:
a) xom giTxa­ri, ase ar mom­wons-meT­qi;
b) xom giTxa­ri, ase ar mom­wons-Tqo;
g) xom giTxa­ri, ase ar mom­won­so.

4. ro­me­lia aras­wo­ri da­we­ri­lo­ba:

a) yve­lam ga­vik­vir­veT, ase ro­gor mo­iq­ca-o;
b) yve­lam ga­vik­vir­veT, ase ro­gor mo­iq­cao.

5. ra ti­pis wi­na­da­de­baa: nam­d­vi­lad vi­ci, yve­las mo­e­wo­na.

a) Ser­wy­mu­li wi­na­da­de­ba;
b) ukav­Si­ro rTu­li Tan­wyo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­ba;

py
g) ukav­Si­ro rTu­li qvewyo­bi­li wi­na­da­de­ba.

6. ro­me­lia aras­wo­ri wi­na­da­de­ba:

a) iv­lis­Si ise­Ti sicxe­e­bi iyo, ro­go­ric ram­de­ni­me we­lia ar yo­fi­la;
b) iv­lis­Si ise­Ti sicxe­e­bi iyo, ro­gorc ram­de­ni­me we­lia ar yo­fi­la;
Co
7. ro­me­lia swo­ri wi­na­da­de­ba:
a) gan­me­o­re­biT ga­moc­da­ze un­da ga­mocxad­d­nen is stu­den­te­bi, vinc ara­da­
mak­ma­yo­fi­le­be­li Se­fa­se­ba mi­iR
­ o;
b) gan­me­o­re­biT ga­moc­da­ze un­da ga­mocxad­d­nen is stu­den­te­bi, ro­mel­mac
ara­da­mak­ma­yo­fi­le­be­li Se­fa­se­ba mi­i­Ro;
g) gan­me­o­re­biT ga­moc­da­ze un­da ga­mocxad­d­nen is stu­den­te­bi, rom­leb­mac
ara­da­mak­ma­yo­fi­le­be­li Se­fa­se­ba mi­i­Res.
n't
8. ro­me­lia swo­ri wi­na­da­de­ba:
a) ise ga­mi­xar­da ax­la Se­ni mos­v­la, ro­gorc aras­d­ros;
b) ise ga­mi­xar­da ax­la Se­ni mos­v­la, ro­go­ric aras­d­ros.

9. ro­me­li kav­Si­ri un­da ga­mo­vi­ye­noT mo­ce­mul wi­na­da­de­ba­Si: sul ax­la­xan mi­

vi­Re we­ri­li, ____________ ewe­ra sa­el­Co­Si ga­mocxa­de­bis dRe da sa­a­Ti.
Do

a) ro­me­lic; b) ro­mel­Sic;
g) sa­dac.

10. ro­me­li wi­na­da­de­baa aras­wo­ri:

a) yve­la ga­o­ce­bu­li iyo, rad­gan amas ara­vin elo­da;
b) yve­la mo­vi­da, rad­gan aseT dros mo­us­v­le­lo­ba ar Se­iZ­le­bo­da;
g) yve­la mo­vi­da, ra­Ta sa­ku­Ta­ri az­ri ga­mo­eT­q­va;
d) yve­la dab­ne­u­li iyo, ra­Ta mom­x­da­ri kar­gad verc ki ga­e­a­na­li­ze­bi­naT.

114
 danarTi

py
I. teqstis tipebi
Co II. enobrivi saSualebebi
n't
Do
 I teqstis tipebi

jer vgegmavT, Semdeg vwerT...

Tqven ramdenime saxis teqstis Seqmna giwevT; gaqvT raime principi, romliTac
qmniT teqsts, magaliTad eses?

I. teqstis Seqmnamde

1. rogor iwyebT weras? pirdapir Tu gegmas werT?

gaiTvaliswineT, Tu rogor unda weroT ukeTesad:

py
I. teqstis Seqmnas win unda uZRodes mosamzadebeli periodi da samuSao:

kargad gaiazreT sa­Tau­ri, rad­gan Tqve­ni Txzu­le­ba un­da upa­su­xeb­des

sa­Taurs; Tqve­ni naaz­re­vi lo­gi­ku­rad da or­ga­nu­lad un­da ukav­Sir­de­bo­
Co
des sa­Taurs; sa­Tau­ri, faq­tob­ri­vad, umok­le­si for­miT un­da ga­mo­xa­tav­
des teq­stSi gan­vi­Ta­re­bul mo­saz­re­bas.
Tu sa­Tau­ri ara gaqvT mo­ce­mu­li, mag­ram mo­geT­xo­ve­baT mi­Ti­Te­beb­ze pa­
su­xi, CaT­va­leT, rom Ti­Toeu­li mi­Ti­Te­ba aris Tqven mier Seq­mni­li teq­
stis sa­Tau­ri da eca­deT, ise ga­na­vi­Ta­roT msje­lo­ba, rom Ti­Toeu­li
mo­nak­ve­Ti lo­gi­ku­rad See­sa­ba­me­bo­des Ti­Toeul mi­Ti­Te­bas;
sa­Tau­ris an da­va­le­bis gaaz­re­bis Sem­deg da­fiq­rdiT im ma­sa­la­ze, ro­me­
n't
lic msje­lo­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis un­da ga­moi­ye­noT. pir­vel rig­Si, swo­
red ma­sa­las mou­ya­reT Ta­vi da daa­la­geT igi gar­kveu­li Tan­mim­dev­ro­
biT. gaiT­va­lis­wi­neT, rom Tan­mim­dev­ru­lad da­la­ge­bu­li ma­sa­la kar­gi
sa­Sua­le­ba gax­de­ba mo­saz­re­bis swo­rad da lo­gi­ku­rad gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis;
Sead­gi­neT mci­re geg­ma, ro­mel­sac mih­yve­biT msje­lo­bi­sas; geg­mis Sed­ge­
na sa­Sua­le­bas mog­cemT, ki­dev da­fiq­rdeT az­ris lo­gi­ku­rad gan­vi­Ta­re­
Do

bis pro­ces­ze da, amas­Ta­na­ve, drou­lad SeZ­lebT gar­kveu­li cvli­le­be­bi

Sei­ta­noT Tqvens msje­lo­ba­Si; nu moe­ri­de­biT geg­ma­Si cvli­le­be­bis Se­ta­
nas ma­nam, sa­nam Tqven­Tvis sa­sur­vel das­kvnem­de lo­gi­ku­rad ar mix­valT;
geg­mis kar­gad Sed­ge­nis Sem­deg SeiZ­le­ba daiw­yoT we­ra.

II. teqstis Seqmna

1. werT Tu ara Savad?

2. fiqrobT Tu ara imaze, ra TanmimdevrobiT unda ganaviTaroT azri Tqvens
nawerSi da ra forma unda mouZebnoT Tqvens naazrevs?
3. cdilobT Tu ara Tqven mier Sedgenili teqstis yoveli monakveTi logiku-
rad ukavSirdebodes erTmaneTs?

116
II. teqstis Seqmnisas ramdenime sakiTxze unda dafiqrdeT:

ra tipis teqsts qmniT;

ra saxis stils iyenebT;
ra aris Tqveni mizani;
aviTarebT Tu ara logikurad Tqvens mosazrebas;
Tqveni msjelobidan logikurad gamomdinareobs Tu ara daskvna;
yoveli tipis teqsti ZiriTadad sami nawilisagan Sedgeba:
1. Sesavali
2. ZiriTadi nawili
3. daskvna

py
yovel nawilSi azri logikurad unda iyos ganviTarebuli.

1. Sesaval nawilSi Tqven unda ecadoT Tavidanve gamokveToT Tqveni saT­

qme­li da amisTanave unda SearCioT Seasaferisi stili (mxatvruli, sa­
mec­niero, publicisturi)
Co
2. ZiriTad nawilSi unda ganaviTaroT msjeloba, daasabuToT Tqveni mo­
saz­reba da gaamyaroT igi konkretuli teqstidan moyvanili citatebiT
an sxva, Tqven mier moZiebuli argumentebiT;
3. daskvniT nawilSi unda SeajamoT Tqveni msjeloba da kidev erTxel ga­
mo­xatoT Tqveni mosazreba gansaxilvel sakiTxze.

III. teqstis damuSaveba da misTvis saboloo saxis micema

n't
1. gadaikiTxavT Tu ara xolme Tqvens nawers dasrulebis Semdeg?
2. SegaqvT Tu ara Casworebebi? ZiriTadad ra saxis Casworebebs akeTebT?
3. Sesworebebis Semdeg xelaxla gadawerT Tu ara teqsts? ucvlelad gadaitanT Tu
gadaweris procesSi kidev axdenT Sesworebas?
Do

III. teqstis saboloo variantis Seqmnisas gaiTvaliswineT:

kargad gadaikiTxeT Tqven mier Seq­mni­li teq­sti;

ki­dev er­Txel ga­da­xe­deT geg­mas, Sea­mow­meT, gaiT­va­lis­wi­neT Tu ara igi
sru­lad;
ki­dev er­Txel dauk­vir­diT, miaR­wieT Tu ara im mi­zans, rac Se­sa­val­Si
ga­mok­ve­TeT, anu msje­lo­bi­sas gaiT­va­lis­wi­neT Tu ara sa­Tau­ri an mi­Ti­
Te­be­bi?
dauk­vir­diT, Se­Ze­liT Tu ara mkiT­xve­lis­Tvis sru­lad, uda­na­kar­god mi­ge­
wo­de­bi­naT Tqve­ni mo­saz­re­ba; Tu ara, See­ca­deT dau­ma­toT rai­me teqsts;
Ta­ma­mad ga­moT­qviT Tqve­ni mo­saz­re­be­bi da Tqve­ni da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba; ami­
saT­vis Sear­CieT enob­ri­vi sa­Sua­le­be­bi (gaix­se­neT sa­ku­Ta­ri da­mo­ki­de­bu­
le­bis ga­mom­xat­ve­li for­me­bi _ Car­Tu­li);

117
 eca­deT, ar ga­daux­vioT saT­qmels da da­sa­bu­Te­bi­sas sxva mi­mar­Tu­le­biT
ar ga­na­vi­Ta­roT msje­lo­ba, es uar­yo­fi­Tad ai­sa­xe­ba Tqven mier Seq­mnil
teq­stze;
eca­deT, we­roT mar­ti­vad da naT­lad; rTu­li an zed­me­tad vrce­li wi­na­
da­de­be­bi sti­lur nak­lad iT­vle­ba;
dauk­vir­diT, lo­gi­ku­rad da Tan­mim­dev­ru­lad ga­na­vi­Ta­reT Tu ara msje­
lo­ba? Tu ara, See­ca­deT Sav va­rian­tSi Sei­ta­noT mniS­vne­lo­va­ni cvli­
le­be­bi;
teq­stis ga­da­kiT­xvis Sem­deg Se­giZ­liaT ga­da­Sa­loT ro­me­li­me wi­na­da­de­
ba an Ca­ma­te­bis aR­niS­vniT dau­ma­toT axa­li mo­saz­re­ba;

py
aqvea warmodgenili enobrivi saSualebebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoiyenoT te-
qstSi (Cven mxolod savaraudod gamosayenebel ramdenime frazas gTavazobT).
girCevT, msjeloba ise ganaviTaroT, rom Tqveni individualuri xedva Candes,
amisaTvis ar moeridoT Tundac SekiTxvis dasmas da pasuxs; sapirispiro mosazre­
bis Cvenebas da mis kritikul analizs, varaudis gamoTqmas da Semdeg dasabuTebas,
sxvaTa mosazrebis uaryofas Tqveni dasabuTebuli msjelobiT, cxovrebiseuli ga­
mocdilebis damowmebas...
Co SevecdebiT vimsjeloT... Cveni mizania...
Sesaval nawilSi
nawarmoebis mTavari ideaa... mocemuli monakveTis
mTavari Temaa...

ZiriTad nawilSi Cveni mosazrebis dasamtkiceblad SeiZleba ga-

n't
vixsenoT... mivyveT msjelobas... jer erTi... meo-
rec.... SeiZleba vifiqroT... problema me amgvarad
daskvniT nawilSi mesaxeba... rogor SeiZleba avxsnaT es?... yurad­
Rebamisaqcevia is garemoeba, rom... sainteresoa,
rom.... safiqrebelia, rom... me maxsendeba... parale-
lis gavleba SeiZleba... sakiTxi SeiZleba davukav-
Do

SiroT...

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT... daskvnis saxiT SeiZ­

leba iTqvas... sabolood SeiZleba iTqvas... dasas-
rul, SeiZleba iTqvas... aRniSnul sakiTxze Cveni
azri aseTia... Cven vfiqrobT, rom... amrigad... ase
rom, ...

aqve SemogTavazebT zogierTi saxis teqstis Seqmnis principebs.

118
 I. daxasiaTebiTi ese

da­xa­sia­Te­bis ti­pis teq­sti iq­mne­ba na­war­moe­bis per­so­na­Jis da­xa­sia­Te­bis miz­

niT. am­gvar ese­Si teq­stis Sem­qmne­lis, anu av­to­ris, mi­za­nia gan­saz­Rvros per­so­
na­Jis xa­sia­Ti, mi­si ro­li na­war­moeb­Si da sa­ku­Ta­ri da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba am per­so­na­Ji­
sad­mi. gTa­va­zobT sa­kiT­xe­bis Ca­mo­naT­vals, ro­me­lic da­gex­ma­re­baT am ti­pis eses
Seq­mna­Si (mo­ce­mu­li sa­kiT­xe­bi sur­vi­li­sa­mebr Se­giZ­liaT ga­moi­ye­noT, araa au­ci­
le­be­li yve­la pun­qtis Tan­mim­dev­ro­biT gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­ba).

personaJi
vi­nao­ba;
ga­reg­no­ba, da­ma­xa­sia­Te­be­li niS­ne­bi;

py
war­mo­mav­lo­ba;
xa­sia­Ti;
xa­sia­Tis ga­mov­li­ne­be­bi;
per­so­na­Jis ro­li epi­zod­Si an na­war­moeb­Si;
ur­Tier­To­ba sxva gmi­reb­Tan;
gmi­ris cno­bie­re­ba­Si mom­xda­ri cvli­le­ba da am cvli­le­bis ana­li­zi;
Co
av­to­ri­seu­li da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba per­so­na­Ji­sad­mi;
sa­ku­Ta­ri da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­bis ga­mo­xat­va per­so­na­Ji­sad­mi;
per­so­na­Jis Se­fa­se­ba;
pa­ra­le­li sa­ku­Ta­ri cxov­re­bi­seu­li ga­moc­di­le­bi­dan;
das­kvna-­Se­ja­me­ba.

II. analitikuri ese

n't
ese aris pi­ra­di da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­bis ga­mo­xat­va rai­me sa­kiT­xi­sad­mi. am­de­nad, ana­
li­ti­kur ese­Si di­di mniS­vne­lo­ba eni­We­ba av­to­ri­seu­li mo­saz­re­bis war­mod­ge­nas
da da­sa­bu­Te­bas. eses we­ri­sas eca­deT iyoT Tan­mim­dev­ru­li da Ta­ma­mad ga­moT­qviT
Tqve­ni mo­saz­re­be­bi.

gaiT­va­lis­wi­neT Sem­de­gi sa­kiT­xe­bi:

Do

1. ra­tom werT am Te­ma­ze? gaqvT Tqve­neu­li da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba / prob­le­mis ga­

daW­ris Tqve­neu­li xed­va?
2. xom ar gax­sen­de­baT rai­me ori­gi­na­lu­ri az­ri an ga­mo­naT­qva­mi gan­sa­xil­vel
sa­kiT­xeb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT, an Tqven xom ar gi­fiq­riaT am Te­ma­ze; mok­led,
mag­ram ori­gi­na­lu­rad ga­moT­qviT Tqve­ni mo­saz­re­ba.
3. Zi­ri­Tad na­wil­Si war­moad­gi­neT mo­po­ve­bu­li ma­sa­lis gan­xil­va­-a­na­li­zi an
Tqve­ni az­ri lo­gi­ku­ri Tan­mim­dev­ro­biT; ras fiqrobT gan­sa­xil­vel sa­kiT­xze
da ratom fiqrobT ase?
4. riT Se­giZ­liaT Tqve­ni mo­saz­re­bis da­sa­bu­Te­ba (Se­giZ­liaT moix­moT da gan­
sa­xil­vel sa­kiTxs dau­kav­Si­roT rai­me ci­ta­ta, gaix­se­noT fil­mi, ga­mo­Ce­ni­li
ada­mia­nis cxov­re­ba an Se­moq­me­de­ba, ase­ve Se­giZ­liaT ga­moT­qvaT mo­saz­re­ba
Tqve­ni cxov­re­bi­seu­li ga­moc­di­le­bis gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT da dau­kav­Si­roT igi
gan­sa­xil­vel sa­kiTxs).
119
 5. Sea­ja­meT Tqven mier gan­vi­Ta­re­bu­li msje­lo­ba da lo­gi­ku­rad ga­moiy­va­neT
das­kvna; das­kvnac, ise­ve ro­gorc Se­sa­va­li, un­da iyos mok­le, la­ko­niu­ri,
ori­gi­na­lu­ri da te­va­di, igi un­da iyos lo­gi­ku­ri Se­ja­me­ba msje­lo­bi­sa da
ase­ve naT­lad un­da av­len­des Tqvens da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­bas.

III. referati

re­fe­ra­ti aris sa­mec­nie­ro xa­sia­Tis naS­ro­mi, mi­si sti­li, Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, sa­mec­

nie­roa. re­fe­rat­Si ga­ni­xi­le­ba sxva mec­nier­Ta mo­saz­re­be­bi gan­sa­xil­vel sa­kiT­xze
da ga­moT­qmu­lia re­fe­ra­tis av­to­ris da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba ro­gorc aR­niS­nu­li sa­kiT­
xi­sad­mi, ase­ve sa­mec­nie­ro li­te­ra­tu­ra­Si ga­moT­qmu­li mo­saz­re­be­bi­sad­mi. re­fe­ra­
tic sa­mi na­wi­li­sa­gan Sed­ge­ba (Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili, daskvna).

py
referatis Seqmnisas SegiZliaT mihyveT gegmas

gan­sa­xil­ve­li sa­ki­xis [mec­nie­ru­li] mniS­vne­lo­ba

gan­sa­xil­vev sa­kiT­xze ar­se­bu­li [sa­mec­nie­ro] li­te­ra­tu­ris mok­le mi­mo­xil­va;
Tqven mier mo­po­ve­bu­li ma­sa­lis kla­si­fi­ka­ciis prin­ci­pe­bi (a­nu ro­gor da ra­
Co
tom war­moad­gi­neT ase ma­sa­la, ra prin­ci­piT xel­mZRa­ne­lob­diT);
ma­sa­lis ana­li­zi;
das­kvna­-a­na­li­zi;

IV. recenzia

re­cen­zia aris li­te­ra­tu­ru­li an sa­mec­nie­ro xa­sia­Tis naS­ro­mis, ki­no­fil­mis,

speq­tak­lis kri­ti­ku­li ana­li­zi, gar­Ce­va-­gan­xil­va. re­cen­zia SeiZ­le­ba iyos da­de­
n't
bi­Ti da uar­yo­fi­Ti. re­cen­ziis av­to­ri ga­mo­xa­tavs Ta­vis obieq­tur da­mo­ki­de­bu­
le­bas gan­sa­xil­ve­li naS­ro­mi­sad­mi. re­cen­zia Sem­de­gi geg­miT SeiZ­le­ba ai­gos:
gan­sa­xil­ve­li naS­ro­mi­sa da av­to­ris da­sa­xe­le­ba;
gan­sa­xil­ve­li naS­ro­mis aR­we­ra;
naS­ro­mis da­de­bi­Ti mxa­ree­bis ga­mok­ve­Ta;
Do

Se­niS­vne­bi naS­rom­ze;
ke­Til­gan­wyo­bi­li rCe­ve­bi da sur­vi­le­bi.
Se­mog­Ta­va­zebT ana­li­ti­ku­ri ese­sa da re­cen­ziis ni­mu­Sebs. ni­mu­Seb­ze dak­vir­ve­
bac da­gex­ma­re­baT ima­Si, rom Tqven Ta­vad Seq­mnaT am ti­pis teq­ste­bi:

erovnuli da dasavluri

ka­ma­Ti ideo­lo­giis Se­sa­xeb, ro­me­lic qar­Tul sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­Si mim­di­na­reobs,

cxad­yofs ra­Rac Za­lian mniS­vne­lo­va­nis arar­se­bo­bas Tu uk­ma­ri­so­bas Cvens cxov­
re­ba­Si (ra­sak­vir­ve­lia, igu­lis­xme­ba, rom es ar aris ma­te­ria­lu­ri ram).
vfiq­robT, rom es `ra­Rac~, ra­sac ka­ma­Tis mo­na­wi­le­Ta na­wi­li `e­rov­nul ideo­
lo­gias~ uwo­debs, si­nam­dvi­le­Si aris mka­fio na­cio­na­lu­ri Tvi­Ti­den­ti­fi­ka­cia,
TviT­ga­ge­ba _ eris mier sa­ku­Ta­ri ar­se­bis da yo­fie­re­bis saz­ri­sis po­zi­tiu­ri xed­
va, sam­ya­ro­Si Ta­vi­si da­niS­nu­le­bis, mo­wo­de­bis gan­saz­Rvra.
120
 es ki da­kar­gu­lia da iq­mne­ba va­kuu­mi, rom­lis ar­se­bo­bac gan­sa­kuT­re­biT xe­lis­
Sem­Sle­lia da sa­xi­fa­Toc aris ma­Sin, ro­ca axa­li sa­xel­mwi­fo fuZ­nde­ba.
qar­Tul­ma na­cio­na­lur­ma TviT­ga­ge­bam Cvens sau­ku­ne­Si ara­rea­lis­tu­ri xa­sia­
Ti Sei­Zi­na da si­nam­dvi­lis mier mow­yo­bil uSe­Ra­va­To Se­mow­me­bas ver gauZ­lo. es,
er­Ti mxriv, erov­nul ni­hi­lizms aCens, mag­ram, meo­re mxriv, imis Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas
iZ­le­va, rom Ca­mo­ya­lib­des axa­li erov­nu­li TviT­cno­bie­re­ba _ rea­lo­bis mkvidr
nia­dag­ze, sic­ruis da Ta­vis­mot­yue­bis ga­re­Se.
in­di­vid­ma SeiZ­le­ba mTe­li cxov­re­ba pe­si­mis­tu­rad Tu ni­hi­lis­tu­rad gan­wyo­
bil­ma ga­lios, mag­ram sa­zo­ga­doe­ba Ta­vi­si bu­ne­biT op­ti­mis­tu­ri msof­lmxed­ve­lo­
bis­ken mswraf­ve­lia. mas usa­Tuod esa­Wi­roe­ba po­zi­tiu­ri mrwam­si, fa­seu­lo­be­bi da
Tu ar­se­bo­bis gag­rZe­le­bis ne­ba da Za­la aqvs, ad­re Tu gvian moi­po­vebs ki­dec maT.
Cven zog­jer gvgo­nia, rom da­sav­lu­ri ci­vi­li­za­cia to­ta­lu­rad ur­wmu­no da
ni­hi­lis­tu­ria. Tum­ca am ci­vi­li­za­cias mar­Tlac aqvs Ta­vi­si se­rio­zu­li prob­le­

py
me­bi, mag­ram sa­fuZ­vlad da­de­bu­li WeS­ma­ri­te­be­bi da­sav­lu­ri sa­zo­ga­doe­bis di­di
um­rav­le­so­bis mier or­ga­nu­lad aris SeT­vi­se­bu­li. ker­Zod, is, rom sa­xel­mwi­fos
de­mok­ra­tiu­li, ka­no­nis uze­nae­so­ba­ze dam­ya­re­bu­li wyo­ba yve­la­ze sa­mar­Tlia­ni da
na­yo­fie­ria; rom az­rTa da po­zi­cia­Ta mra­val­fe­rov­ne­ba, plu­ra­liz­mi bu­neb­ri­vi
da au­ci­leb­lia; rom pi­rov­ne­bis Ta­vi­suf­le­ba, Rir­se­ba xel­Seu­xe­be­lia da mas un­
da hqon­des sa­Sua­le­ba Tvi­Ton gan­saz­Rvros Ta­vi­si msof­lmxed­ve­lo­ba, cxov­re­bis
Co
we­si, ga­moav­li­nos Ta­vi­si una­ri da Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bi... da­sav­lur sam­ya­ro­Si es WeS­
ma­ri­te­be­bi da fa­seu­lo­be­bi rom ar wam­deT, maT coc­xlad rom ar ga­nic­did­nen, am
sam­ya­ros di­di xa­nia kra­xi ar ac­de­bo­da.
Cven­Tvis es fa­seu­lo­be­bi uc­no­bi ar aris, mag­ram maT ver Sei­Zi­nes ise­Ti mim­
zid­ve­lo­ba, rom rwme­nis sag­nad iq­cnen, sa­si­coc­xlo Za­le­bis mom­ce­mi, qme­di­Ti
eT­no­si war­moS­van. cxa­dia, amas Ta­vi­si mi­ze­ze­bi aqvs. maT So­ris er­T-er­Ti mTa­va­
ri, al­baT, is aris, rom Zve­li, sab­Wo­Ta sis­te­mis daS­la gan­xor­ciel­da imis Se­de­
gad, ra­sac uwo­de­ben `re­vo­lu­cias ze­mo­dan~ da sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­Si axa­li fa­seu­lo­
n't
be­bi, ma­Ti dam­kvid­re­bis moT­xov­ni­le­ba Si­na­ga­nad, spon­ta­nu­rad ar aR­mo­ce­ne­bu­la
da mom­wi­fe­bu­la... ami­tom gveC­ve­ne­ba, rom Tavs gvax­ve­ven ra­Rac Cvens ar­se­bas­Tan
sru­liad Seu­Tav­se­bels da uc­xos.
si­nam­dvi­le­Si da­sav­lur fa­seu­lo­bebs da qar­Tu­li kul­tu­ris Rrma ten­den­
ciebs So­ris gar­kveu­li Tan­xmie­re­ba ar­se­bobs da amis aq­cen­ti­re­bac aris sa­Wi­ro,
ra­Ta axal­ma Ri­re­bu­leb­riv­ma orien­ti­reb­ma Cvens sa­zo­ga­doe­ba­Si si­coc­xli­su­na­
Do

ria­no­ba moi­po­von.
is, rac qar­Tu­li kul­tu­ris Sua­gul­Sia gan­fe­ni­li da ra­sac SeuZ­lia `So­reu­
li~ fa­seu­lo­be­bi Cven­Tvis ax­lo­be­li ga­xa­dos, aris hu­ma­niz­mi, msof­lga­ge­ba, ro­
mel­mac da­sav­lur sam­ya­ro­Si es fa­seu­lo­be­bi Ca­moa­ya­li­ba. qar­Tul msof­lxed­va­Si
ar­se­bi­Tia ada­mia­nis umaR­le­si fa­seu­lo­bis da Rir­se­bis in­ten­siu­ri gan­cda, ndo­ba
ada­mia­nis ke­Ti­li bu­ne­bis da Se­moq­me­de­bi­Ti Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bi­sad­mi, rwme­na, rom
sam­ya­ro ada­mia­nis bed­nie­re­bis­Tvis aris Seq­mni­li... qar­Tu­li kul­tu­ris hu­ma­niz­mi
Ta­vis yve­la­ze Tval­sa­Ci­no ga­mov­li­ne­beb­Si Ta­vi­se­bu­ri per­so­na­liz­mis sa­xes iZens
_ pi­rov­ne­bis srul­yo­fi­li TviT­gan­xor­cie­le­baa sam­ya­ros ar­se­bo­bis ga­mar­Tle­ba
da mi­za­ni; pi­rov­ne­baa is Za­la, ro­me­lic sam­ya­ros gar­daq­mnas, srul­qmnas es­wraf­
vis; pi­rov­ne­ba­Si iba­de­ba WeS­ma­ri­te­bis Su­qi, ro­me­lic si­nam­dvi­lis har­mo­nias Tu
dis­har­mo­nias na­Tels fens; pi­rov­ne­bis siR­rmi­seul mis­wra­fe­beb­Tan Se­sa­ba­mi­so­biT
an Seu­sa­ba­mo­biT ga­ni­zo­me­ba sa­xel­mwi­fos da sa­zo­ga­doe­bis nam­dvi­li fa­si; sam­ya­
ro­Si moq­med tlanq, qve­na Za­lebs SeiZ­le­ba dau­pi­ris­pir­des mxo­lod pi­rov­ne­ba­Ta
121
 so­li­da­ro­ba, TviT­myo­fad pi­rov­ne­ba­Ta po­li­fo­niu­ri an­sam­bli; am­qvey­nad um­Sve­
nie­re­sia gan­sxva­ve­bul pi­rov­ne­ba­Ta nam­dvi­li ko­mu­ni­ka­cia, dia­lo­gi da daax­loe­
ba, ma­Ti una­ri, daZ­lion siuc­xo­ve da gai­gon sxvi­si ga­nu­meo­re­be­li Ta­vi­se­bu­re­
ba, sxvi­si Tval­saz­ri­si da si­mar­Tle... ase ik­ve­Te­ba qris­tia­no­ba­ze day­rdno­bi­li
qar­Tu­li na­cio­na­lu­ri msof­lmxed­ve­lo­ba ori yve­la­ze mniS­vne­lo­va­ni qar­Tve­li
epi­ko­si mwer­lis, rus­Ta­ve­lis da va­Ja-­fSa­ve­las Se­moq­me­de­ba­Si da am msof­lmxed­ve­
lo­bis ana­beW­de­bi met­nak­le­bad Cve­ni kul­tu­ris sxva Ri­re­bul ni­mu­Seb­sac em­Cne­va.
Cve­ni az­riT, daax­loe­biT am­gva­ri ram SeiZ­le­ba war­mo­vid­gi­noT `e­rov­nu­li
ideo­lo­giis~ Si­naar­sad da ara gaq­va­ve­bul Se­xe­du­le­ba­Ta, dog­ma­Ta, yalb mi­To­lo­
ge­ma­Ta mZi­me blo­ki. da ki­dev, hu­ma­niz­mi moi­cavs pat­rio­tiz­msac, ro­me­lic Ta­vi­si
ar­siT swo­red hu­ma­nis­tu­ri, ada­mia­nu­ri Rir­se­bis grZno­bis gan­mam­tki­ce­be­li fe­
no­me­nia, pi­rov­ne­bis srul­yo­fi­li TviT­rea­li­ze­bis er­T-er­Ti zneob­ri­vi say­rde­nia
da da­mou­ki­de­be­li na­cio­na­lu­ri sa­xel­mwi­fos, ro­gorc Seuc­vle­li hu­ma­nis­tur­-

py
zneob­ri­vi fa­seu­lo­bis aRia­re­bas gu­lis­xmobs.
oRond ar ar­se­bobs ara­vi­Ta­ri sa­Wi­roe­ba, yo­ve­li­ve amas ideo­lo­giis, mi­Tu­me­tes
sa­xel­mwi­fo ideo­lo­giis Se­la­xu­li da usia­mov­no aso­cia­cie­bis aR­mZvre­li cne­ba
da­vu­kav­Si­roT. es cne­ba ar esa­da­ge­ba erov­nu­li TviT­Seg­ne­bis, Tvi­Ti­den­ti­fi­ka­ciis
aR­dge­na-­ga­nax­le­bas, imis gaaz­re­bas, rom hu­ma­niz­mi Cve­ni erov­nu­li msof­lga­ge­bis
bir­Tvia, rom Cve­ni idea­li hu­ma­nu­ri, pi­rov­ne­bis pri­ma­tis da­mam­kvid­re­be­li qar­Tu­
Co
li sa­zo­ga­doe­ba da sa­xel­mwi­foa. dRes am ideals tra­gi­ku­lad varT da­So­re­bu­li.
hu­ma­niz­mis xe­la­xa­li aR­mo­Ce­na da­sav­lu­ri fa­seu­lo­bis dam­kvid­re­ba­sac niS­navs,
rad­gan igi Cvens erov­nul msof­lmxed­ve­lo­ba­sac udevs sa­fuZ­vlad da da­sav­lur­
sac. Cven im­de­nad Se­vi­nar­Cu­nebT TviT­myo­fad na­cio­na­lur su­lier wyo­bas, ram­de­na­
dac Sev­ZlebT hu­ma­niz­mis aRor­Zi­ne­bas da Tu ase­Ti ram mar­Tla mox­de­ba, imav­drou­
lad es iq­ne­ba da­sav­leT­Tan nam­dvi­li, siR­rmi­seu­li da ara ze­da­pi­ru­li daax­loe­ba.
Tamaz vasaZe
n't
Cveni upirvelesi sazrunavi
(recenzia)
ga­mo­vi­da Su­qia af­ri­do­ni­Zis `Cve­ni ena qar­Tu­li~ _ sa­mec­nie­ro-­po­pu­la­ru­li
xa­sia­Tis naS­ro­mi, ro­me­lic qar­Tu­li sa­li­te­ra­tu­ro enis nor­ma­li­za­ciis sa­kiT­
xebs eZ­Rvne­ba. naS­roms sa­fuZ­vlad dae­do av­to­ris yo­vel­kvi­reu­li xuT­wu­Tia­ni
Do

sa­te­le­vi­zio saub­re­bi, rom­le­bic sa­qar­Tve­los te­le­vi­ziis pir­ve­li ar­xiT (rub­

ri­kiT `Cve­ni ena qar­Tu­li~) ga­dai­ca 1998-1999 wleb­Si.
sa­te­le­vi­zio saub­re­bi miz­nad isa­xav­da enob­ri­vi Sec­do­me­bis aR­mof­xvras da
amiT ze­pi­ri Tu we­ri­Ti met­yve­le­bis kul­tu­ris do­nis amaR­le­bas mo­sax­leo­bis
far­To fe­neb­Si.
saub­re­bis Te­mad Ser­Ceu­li iyo Cvens si­nam­dvi­le­Si far­Tod fex­mo­ki­de­bu­li
ti­pob­ri­vi enob­ri­vi Sec­do­ma­-u­zus­to­ba­ni. ax­sni­lia aras­wor for­ma­Ta war­mo­So­bis
mi­ze­ze­bi da rek­la­mis sa­xiT mo­wo­de­bu­lia swo­ri va­rian­te­bi.
wig­nSi Te­ma­tu­rad mra­val­fe­ro­va­ni ma­sa­laa war­mod­ge­ni­li. amis na­Tel ilus­
tra­ciad sar­Ce­vi­saT­vis Tva­lis ga­dav­le­bac ik­ma­rebs. msje­lo­bis sag­nad aris
qceu­li qar­Tu­li sa­li­te­ra­tu­ro enis fun­qcio­ni­re­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li sad­Rei­
sod yve­la­ze aq­tua­lu­ri sa­kiT­xe­bi mar­Tlwe­ris, gra­ma­ti­kis, leq­si­ka-­fra­zeo­lo­
gii­sa Tu sti­lis­ti­kis sfe­ro­dan.
sam­sjav­rod ga­mo­ta­ni­li yve­la sa­kiT­xi, ro­gorc er­Ti jaW­vis cal­keu­li rgo­
122
li, Ta­vi­si da­niS­nu­le­biT er­Tnai­rad Ri­re­bu­li da mniS­vne­lo­va­nia, mag­ram am­je­
rad gar­kveu­li mo­saz­re­biT mainc ga­mov­yof­diT uc­xo sit­yva­Ta qar­Tu­lad gad­mo­
ce­mis sa­kiTxs _ ma­rad Zvel­sa da ma­rad axal prob­le­mas, ro­me­lic axa­li enob­ri­vi
kon­taq­te­bis Se­de­gad uc­xo sit­yva­Ta mo­Za­le­bi­sa da tra­di­ciul Ri­re­bu­le­ba­Ta
ga­da­fa­se­bis kva­lo­ba­ze dro­dad­ro axa­li Tu So­reu­li saz­Rvar­ga­re­Tis qvey­neb­Tan
sa­qar­Tve­los far­To kul­tu­ru­li da eko­no­mi­ku­ri ur­Tier­To­be­bis ga­mo qar­Tve­
lebs swo­red es prob­le­ma gvid­gas _ sain­for­ma­cio sa­Sua­le­be­bi aW­re­le­bu­lia al­
ter­na­tiu­li for­me­biT: ti­nei­je­ri da Ti­nei­je­ri, ser­ti­fi­ka­ti da ser­Ti­fi­ka­ti,
klin­to­ni da qlin­To­ni, kvo­ta da qvo­ta, kvo­ru­mi da qvo­ru­mi... pa­ra­le­lu­ri xma­
re­ba Sei­niS­ne­ba geog­ra­fiul sa­xe­leb­Sic: TaT­re­Ti da Ta­Tar­sta­ni, mol­da­ve­Ti da
mol­do­va, yal­mu­xe­Ti da kal­mi­kia, be­lo­ru­sia da be­la­ru­si da misT. sa­mar­Tlia­no­
ba moiT­xovs iT­qvas, rom Tu ara Su­qia af­ri­do­ni­Zis far­To sae­naT­mec­nie­ro gan­
swav­lu­lo­ba da Rrma mec­nie­ru­li xed­va, ga­Wir­de­bo­da mo­dur ga­ta­ce­ba­Ta­gan Ta­vis

py
dac­va da tra­di­ciiT gan­mtki­ce­bu­li mwi­ri enob­ri­vi po­zi­cie­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba.
naS­ro­mis spe­ci­fi­ki­sa da Tav­da­pir­ve­li mi­zan­da­sa­xu­lo­bi­dan ga­mom­di­na­re, am
mci­re mo­cu­lo­bis ga­nak­ve­Teb­Si, rom­le­bic da­mou­ki­de­bel Te­ma-­sta­tiebs war­moad­
ge­nen, ar aris da arc SeiZ­le­bo­da yo­fi­li­yo sa­kiT­xTan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li far­To
mec­nie­ru­li msje­lo­ba sa­Ta­na­do ter­mi­no­lo­giiT. Tum­ca yo­ve­li ga­nak­ve­Ti mec­
nie­ru­li kvle­vis Se­de­gebs em­ya­re­ba. aq war­mod­ge­nil TiT­qmis yve­la sa­kiTxs zu-
Co
rgs umag­rebs ma­Ral mec­nie­rul do­ne­ze Ses­ru­le­bu­li da spe­cia­lur­nor­ma­tiu­li
da­niS­nu­le­bis sa­mec­nie­ro ga­mo­ce­meb­Si ga­moq­vey­ne­bu­li ga­mok­vle­ve­bi. sa­gan­ge­bod
Sev­niS­navT, rom ma­Ti mniS­vne­lo­va­ni na­wi­li enis nor­ma­li­za­ciis sfe­ro­Si uSua­
lod Su­qia af­ri­do­ni­Zis mra­val­wlia­ni na­yo­fie­ri mu­Sao­bis Se­de­gia.
yo­ve­li ga­nak­ve­Ti er­Ti prin­ci­pi­Taa age­bu­li _ erT stan­dar­tul Car­Co­saa mi­sa­
da­ge­bu­li. rac me­To­do­lo­giu­ri Tval­saz­ri­siT sa­re­cen­zio naS­ro­mis uda­vo Rir­
se­bad un­da CaiT­va­los.
stan­dar­tu­li sa­Tau­ri da qve­sa­Tau­ri er­Tma­neTs av­sebs da faq­tob­ri­vad sa­
n't
kiT­xTan da­kav­Si­re­bul mTel in­for­ma­cias moi­cavs: sa­Tau­riT vi­gebT, ra sa­kiT­xi
dais­mis: qve­sa­Tau­riT vi­gebT, enob­riv prob­le­ma­Ta ro­mel sfe­ros ga­ne­kuT­vne­ba
das­mu­li sa­kiT­xi. da ki­dev: sa­Tau­riT­ve vi­gebT, al­ter­na­tiul for­ma­Ta­gan (ro­me­
lic Tu an da kav­Si­re­biT arian daw­yvi­le­bu­li) ro­me­lia swo­ri, ker­Zod, am naS­rom­
Si ga­ta­re­bu­li we­sis Ta­nax­mad, Tu kav­Si­riT daw­yvi­le­bul for­ma­Ta­gan (mag.: li­
riu­li Tu li­ri­ku­li?) swo­ria mar­jve­na mxa­res Tu kav­Si­ris Sem­deg war­mod­ge­ni­li
Do

for­ma (li­ri­ku­li). xo­lo da kav­Si­riT daw­yvi­le­bu­li for­me­bi (mag.: moT­xov­na da

moT­xov­ni­le­ba) ori­ve swo­ria, oRond gan­sxva­ve­bu­lia ma­Ti mox­ma­re­bis sfe­roe­bi.
Sec­do­mis wya­ro xde­ba ma­Ti er­Tsa da ima­ve kon­teq­steb­Si mo­nac­vleo­ba.
ase rom, mkiT­xvel­Ta di­di na­wi­li `pir­ve­lad sas­wra­fo sae­naT­mec­nie­ro dax­ma­
re­bas~ da Ta­vis­Tvis au­ci­le­bel da sak­ma­ris in­for­ma­cias sru­liad um­tkiv­neu­lod
uk­ve sa­Tau­re­bi­Ta da qve­sa­Tau­re­biT mii­Rebs, rac ma­sob­riv mkiT­xvel­ze gaT­vli­li
sac­no­ba­ro xa­sia­Tis naS­ro­mis ki­dev erT Rir­se­bad gve­sa­xe­ba.
naS­ro­mi Sei­cavs er­Tgvar praq­ti­kul siax­le­sac: yo­vel ga­nak­veTs ax­lavs da­
mou­ki­de­be­li sa­var­ji­So _ 10-20 wi­na­da­de­bis Sem­cve­li tes­ti, da rac ase­ve sa­
sia­mov­no siax­lea, naS­roms bo­los tes­te­bis pa­su­xe­bic er­Tvis. es dain­te­re­se­bul
pirs Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas mis­cems sxvi­si _ kon­sul­tan­tis dax­ma­re­bis ga­re­Se Sea­mow­mos
Ta­vi­si cod­na.
ki­dev er­Ti sa­sia­mov­no siax­le _ Tval­sa­Ci­noe­bis Se­sa­niS­na­vi ni­mu­Si, ro­mel­
sac te­le­vi­zias­Tan Se­moq­me­de­biT kon­taq­tebs un­da vu­mad­lo­deT _ aris sa­kiT­xze
123
 msje­lo­bis da­sas­ruls `rek­la­mis we­siT~ _ msxvi­li Srif­tiT mo­wo­de­bu­li swo­ri
for­me­bi (sxva­Ta So­ris, ga­mom­cem­lebs am Tval­saz­ri­siT uf­ro me­ti Se­moq­me­de­bi­Ti
ini­cia­ti­va rom ga­moe­Ci­naT, efeq­ti ga­ci­le­biT uf­ro STam­beW­da­vi iq­ne­bo­da).
sa­gan­ge­bo aR­niS­vnis Rir­sia da­main­tri­ge­be­li kiT­xva-­pa­su­xe­bi da re­ko­men­da­cie­
bi, rom­le­bic mkiT­xvels msje­lo­bis mo­na­wi­led aq­cevs da mas naS­ro­mis av­tor­Tan
kon­taq­ti­sa da Ta­nam­Srom­lo­bis sa­sia­mov­no ilu­zias uq­mnis. `maS ro­gor­Ra ga­var­
CioT swo­ri for­me­bi aras­wo­ris­gan?~ _ dais­mis kiT­xva. `sul mar­ti­vad~ _ aris pa­
su­xi da pa­su­xad ki _ we­si. saoc­rad mar­ti­vi. ad­vi­lad da­sa­max­sov­re­be­li da ase­ve
ad­vi­lad mo­sax­ma­ri; an ki­dev: `i­mis Se­mow­me­ba, Tu sad ro­me­li da­bo­loe­ba un­da
vix­ma­roT, Zal­ze ad­vi­lia...~ _ da mo­wo­de­bu­lia re­ko­men­da­cia, ro­me­lic mar­Tla
Zal­ze ad­vi­lia: mi­Ti­Te­ba xde­ba tra­di­ciul, Zval­sa da rbil­Si gam­jdar iseT for­
ma­ze, rom­lis sxvag­va­rad xma­re­ba war­moud­ge­ne­lia. ar­cTu iS­via­Tad swo­ri for­me­
bis ga­mo­sac­no­bad `a­rat­ra­di­ciu­li~ me­To­de­bi _ mar­ti­vi `Si­nau­ru­li re­cep­te­bic~

py
aris Se­mo­Ta­va­ze­bu­li.
si­mar­ti­vis es gan­cda da sa­kiT­xTan ga­Si­nau­re­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba ki, Cve­ni Rrma
rwme­niT, mSob­liu­ri enis mi­marT bevr gul­gril mkiT­xvel­sac daain­te­re­sebs da
moi­zi­davs, rac Cvens si­nam­dvi­le­Si ara­nak­leb mniS­vne­lo­va­ni da da­sa­fa­se­be­lia.
ro­gorc iT­qva, Tav­da­pir­ve­li mi­zan­da­sa­xu­lo­biT jer sa­te­le­vi­zio saub­re­bi,
Sem­deg ki wig­ni, mo­sax­leo­bis far­To fe­neb­ze iyo orien­ti­re­bu­li. ami­tom sav­se­

iq­na ga­mo­ye­ne­bu­li.
Co
biT ga­sa­ge­bi mi­ze­ze­bis ga­mo spe­cia­lu­ri sa­mec­nie­ro ter­mi­no­lo­gia Sez­Ru­du­lad

`Cve­ni ena qar­Tu­li~ ke­Til mrCev­lad da san­do meg­zu­rad ga­moad­ge­ba mas­wav­

leb­leb­sa da mos­wav­leebs, pre­sis, ra­dio­sa da te­le­vi­ziis mu­Sa­kebs _ faq­tob­ri­
vad maT, vi­sac xelT up­yria sa­li­te­ra­tu­ro enis sa­da­vee­bi da vinc aminds qmnis
Cvens su­lier cxov­re­ba­Si. igi di­dad Seuw­yobs xels mSob­liu­ri enis wiaR­Si wvdo­
mas da met­yve­le­bis kul­tu­ris do­nis amaR­le­bas.
da­sas­rul, ar SeiZ­le­ba yu­rad­Re­bis miR­ma dar­Ces miZ­Rvni­Ti stri­qo­ni, ro­mel­
n't
sac sim­bo­lu­ri mniS­vne­lo­ba aqvs da ro­mel­Sic naS­ro­mis av­to­ris uke­Til­So­bi­le­
si mi­za­nia gac­xa­de­bu­li. sac­nau­ria, rom wig­ni eZ­Rvne­ba sa­qar­Tve­los mo­ma­vals _
`Cve­ni sko­lis go­go-­bi­Webs _ yve­la ano­sa da va­nos _ de­dae­nis mo­ma­val qo­ma­geb­sa
da gu­Sa­gebs~.
WeS­ma­ri­tad, Cven pa­ta­ra eris Svi­le­bi varT da, Tu ara yve­la ano­sa da yve­la
va­nos gam­Zaf­re­bu­li erov­nu­li TviT­Seg­ne­ba da gac­no­bie­re­bu­li, mi­zan­mi­mar­Tu­li
Do

saer­To Za­lis­xme­va, al­baT gag­vi­Wir­de­ba Cve­ni qvey­ni­sa da Cve­ni eni­saT­vis pa­ti­vi­sa

da Rir­se­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba.
viola kalandaZe
(`burji erovnebisa~ 2003 #1-2)

Cven Tavad vqmniT teqsts

I. da­we­reT ese:
ra aris li­te­ra­tu­ra.
II. da­we­reT re­cen­zia:
ax­la­xan na­nax fil­mze;
ax­la­xan wa­kiT­xul wig­nze;
ro­me­li­me te­le­ga­da­ce­mis Se­sa­xeb;
Tqve­ni Ta­nak­la­se­lis ese­ze;

124
 vwerT oficialuri stiliT

saqmiani qaRaldebi

oficialuri dokumentebis sworad Sedgena pirovnebis weriT kulturas

yvelaze TvalsaCinod avlens. ZiriTadad, aseTi dokumentebis sayovelTaod
miRebuli forma arsebobs da pirovnebac swored am formis mixedviT adgens
misTvis saWiro dokuments. amitom aucilebelia vicodeT sxvadasxva saxis
oficialuri dokumentis sworad Sedgena.

I. sainformacio gancxadeba

sainformacio gancxadeba sazogadoebas auwyebs raime informacias: sai-

py
ubileo saRamos, Sexvedris, prezentaciis da sxva amgvari RonisZiebebis Ses-
axeb. sainformacio gancxadeba unda iyos mokle, lakonuri da informaciuli.
masSi yvela informacia srulad unda iyos warmodgenili: sad, rodis, romel
saaTze, ra Sinaarsisa da ra formatis Sexvedra Sedgeba
furclis marjvena kuTxeSi miewereba ganmcxadeblis vinaoba.
Co
nimuSi:

gancxadeba

samSabaTs, saRamos 7 saaTze, Sedgeba XI klasis moswavleebis mier Seqmnili

dokumenturi filmis Cveneba.
Cveneba gaimarTeba skolis saaqto darbazSi.
n't
moswavleTa kavSiri

Cven Tavad vqmniT teqsts

SeadgineT sainformacio gancxadebebi qvemoT mocemul Temebze:

Do

1. saiubileo sxdomis gamarTva;

2. moswavleTa kavSiris sxdomis gamarTva;
3. samecniero konferenciis mowyoba;
4. samecniero konferenciis gamarTva;
5. saaxalwlo zeimis gamarTva;
6. moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi saRamos gamarTva;
7. mSobelTa krebis mowveva;
8. dokumenturi filmebis Cveneba;
9. eqskursiis mowyoba;
10. testireba.

125
 II. pirovnebis gancxadeba

pirovnebis gancxadeba aris speciluri formiT Sedgenili teqsti, rom-

liTac pirovneba iTxovs raRacas dawesebulebisagan. pirovnebis gancxadeba
SeiZleba iyos nebarTvis aRebis, gaTavisuflebis, vadis Secvlis, gacdenili
saaTebis sapatiod CaTvlis Sesaxeb, aseve igi SeiZleba Seicavdes Txovnas, sa-
Civars, Setyobinebas. yovelgvari gancxadeba iwereba erTi saerTo formis
mixedviT, romlisaTvisac damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi niSnebi:

1. furclis marjvena mxares iwereba, Tu vis miemarTeba gancxadeba.

2. momdevno xazze iwereba, Tu visganaa gancxadeba.
3. erTi xazis gamotovebiT gamokveTilad iwereba sityva `gancxadeba~.

py
4. kidev erTi xazis gamotovebiT abzaciT iwereba ZiriTadi teqsti, romel-
ic aucileblad unda Seicavdes gancxadebis daweris mizezs, dasabuTebas
da ganmcxadeblis survils. gancxadebis axsniTi nawili SeiZleba erT ab-
zacze meti iyos, am SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblis survili daiwereba abzac-
iT da daiwyeba sityviT `gTxovT~.
Co
5. ZiriTadi teqstis Semdeg erTi xazis gamotovebiT iwereba ori informa-
cia: furclis marcxe­na mxares _ TariRi, marjvena mxares _ ganmcxadeblis
xelis mowera.

gancxadebis forma

qalaq quTaisis me-6 sajaro skolis direqtors

n't
baton guram maisuraZes
amave skolis moswavlis giorgi gogolaZis

gancxadeba

gTxovT ojaxuri pirobebis gamo gamaTavisufloT gakveTilebidan ama

Do

wlis 15 oqtombers da gacdenili saaTebi CamiTvaloT sapatiod..

10. X. 2007 w.
g. gogolaZe

Cven Tavad vqmniT teqsts

SeadgineT sainformacio gancxadebebi qvemoT mocemul Temebze:

1. avadmyofobis gamo gacdenili saaTebis sapatiod CaTvla;
2. gamocdis gadatana;
3. sabuTebis gatana sxva skolaSi gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT;
4. klasis Secvla;
126
 5. skolis biblioTekiT sargeblobis nebarTva;
6. niSnebis furclis gacemis Txovna;
7. gamocdis eqsternad Cabarebis nebarTva;
8. akademiuri wlis aReba sazRvargareT gamgzavrebis gamo;
9. gacvliTi wlis programaSi monawileobis nebarTva;
10. sabazo skolis atestatis gacemis Txovna.

III. moxsenebiTi da axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi / gancxadeba

moxsenebiTi da axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi iwereba gancxadebis formatiT,

mis msgavsad, magram igi gacilebiT vrceli da informaciuli unda iyos. mox­

py
senebiTi baraTi, ZiriTadad, Sesrulebuli samuSaos Sesaxeb informaciis mi­
wodebas gulisxmobs, xolo axsna-ganmartebiT baraTSi Cans pirovnebis (an orga­
nizaciis) survili an moTxovna.

gancxadebis nimuSebi:
Co q. Tbilisis 28-e sajaro skolis direqtors
qalbaton elene gorgaZes
amave skolis qarTuli enisa da literaturis
maswavleblis mariam gogsaZis

moxsenebiTi baraTi
n't

gacnobebT, rom ama wlis 20-21 oqtombers XI klasis moswavleebma Cemi orga-
nizatorobiT moawyves eqskursia mesxeTSi. sameurveo sabWos gadawyvetilebiT
samgzavro Tanxa gaica skolis biujetidan. Tanxis odenoba Seadgenda 250
lars. eqskursia warmatebiT Catarda, gamoyofili Tanxa gadaericxa satrans-
porto gaerTianebas angariSis nomerze: # 654934271134679. garda satrans-
Do

porto Tanxisa, erTi Ramis gaTevis safasuri Tanxa, 180 lari, gadairicxa
sastumro `mesxeTis~ angariSze, # 756442647863902; RamisTevis Tanxa Tavad
moswavleebma gaiRes.
warmogidgenT gadaricxuli Tanxis Sesabamis qviTrebsa da sxva doku-
mentacias.
25. X. 2007 w.
e. gogsaZe

127
 q. quTaisis me-5 sajaro skolis direqtors
baton irakli axvledians
amave skolis buRaltris maia laRiZis

axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi

mogaxsenebT, rom saremonto samuSaoebisaTvis skolis biujetidan samSen-

eblo firmis angariSze gadairicxa Tanxa 3400 laris odenobiT, angariSis no-
meri: # 785098234616835. Catarda garkveuli samuSao, magram ramdenime oTax-
is garemonteba ver dasrulda da saremonto samuSao dausrulebeli darCa.
darCenili samuSaos gagrZelebisaTvis saWiroa 850 lari, rac unda gamoiyos
skolis biujetidan. gancxadebas Tan erTvis saremonto samuSaoebisaTvis saW-
iro masalis sia.

py
5. IX. 2007 w.
m. laRiZe

Cven Tavad vqmniT teqsts

SeadgineT moxsenebiTi da axsna-ganmartebiTi gancxadebebi qvemoT mocemul Te­

Co
mebze:
1. skolaSi Catarebuli samecniero konferenciis Sesaxeb;
2. saiubileo sxdomis Sesaxeb;
3. antinarkotikuli moZraobis Sesaxeb;
4. skolaSi Catarebuli konkursis Sesaxeb;
5. sportuli Sejibris Catarebis Sesaxeb.
n't
IV. xelwerili

xelwerili aris oficialuri dokumenti, romelSic warmodgenilia pi­rov­

ne­bis an organizaciis pasuxismgebloba garkveuli sakiTxisadmi. xelwerils
xels awers Tavad Semdgeni da igi SeiZleba damowmdes sxva piris an notari­
usis mier. xelwerili SeiZleba iyos materialuri, finansuri an moraluri
Do

pa­suxismgeblobis amsaxveli.

xelwerilis nimuSi:

xelwerili

qalaq Tbilisis 34-e skolis moswavlis aleqsandre abakelias mSobelma,

gu­ram abakeliam, a. w. 24 noembers skolis arqividan gavitane Cemi Svilis da­
ba­debis mowmoba saWiroebis adgilze warsadgenad.
dabadebis mowmoba skolis samdivnos unda Cavabaro gatanis dRidan ara­ug­
vi­anes or kviraSi.
24. X. 2007 w.
skolis mdivani: v. melaZe.
mSobeli: g. abakelia

128
 Cven Tavad vqmniT teqsts

SeadgineT xelwerilis teqsti qvemoT mocemul Temebze:

1. fuladi sesxi;
2. sakuTar qmedebaze moraluri pasuxismgebloba (pirobiT, rom Cadenili sa-
qcieli aRar ganmeordeba);
3. skolis biblioTekidan wignis erTaderTi egzemplaris gatana da daTqmul
vadaSi dabrunebis valdebuleba;
skolis saxelmZRvaneloebiT sargebloba maTi dauzianeblad dabrunebis val-
debulebiT;
4. proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis skolis kompiute-
ris gatana droebiTi sargeblobis mizniT dauzianeblad dabrunebis val-

py
debulebiT.

V. avtobiografia da e. w. CV

avtobiografia aris pirovnebis mier ganvlili cxovrebis da mis mier

Co
miRweuli Sedegebis aRwera garkveuli mizniT. avtobiografiaSi ZiriTadad
aRiwereba pirovnebis vinaoba, misi ojaxuri mdgomareoba, ganaTleba, dakave-
buli Tanamdebobebi an sxva saqmianoba. avtobiografiis Tanamedrove saxeo-
baa egreT wodebuli CV, rac momdinareobs laTinuri sityvidan: `Curriculum
vitae~ [kurikulum vite] `cxovrebis mimdinareoba~; visime cxovrebis aRwera,
mokle cnobebi visime cxovrebis Sesaxeb~ (ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni).
n't
avtobiografiis nimuSi:

avtobiografia

me, mariam maisuraZe, davibade 1972 wlis 4 seqtembers. 1979-1989 wleb-

Si vswavlobdi quTaisis pirvel saSualo skolaSi. 1994 wels Cavabare Tbi-
Do

lisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikis fakultetze. 1999 wels davam-

Tavre universiteti da amave wlidan daviwye muSaoba quTaisis gamgeobaSi
specialistis Tanamdebobaze. 2001 wlidan gadamiyvanes ufros specialistad.
2002 wlidan vmuSaob quTaisis sagadasaxado samsaxurSi ganyofilebis gamgis
moadgiled.
vflob qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebs. myavs meuRle da erTi Svili.
3. II. 2006 w.
m. maisuraZe

129
 CV

mariam maisuraZe

CV

misamarTi: q, quTaisi, aRmaSeneblis q. # 34

sakontaqto telefonebi: 6-74-21; 8 77 38-39-80.

e-mail: mariammaisuradze@yahoo.com

dabadebis TariRi: 1972 w. 4. IX

ganaTleba: 1994-1999 Tbilisis i. javaxisvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo uni-

versitetis ekonomikis fakulteti.

py
kvalifikacia: ekonomisti

samuSao gamocdileba: 1999 wlidan _ quTaisis gamgeobaSi specialistis

Tanamdebobaze. 2001 wlidan _ ufrosi specialisti. 2002 wlidan _ quTaisis
sagadasaxado samsaxurSi ganyofilebis gamgis moadgile.
Co
unar-Cvevebi:
rusuli _ Tavisuflad; inglisuri _ kargad.
kompiuteruli programebi: vflob kompiuters gamoyenebis doneze, Micro-
soft Windows da Microsoft Word.

interesebi: kiTxva da mogzauroba.

ojaxuri mdgomareoba: meuRle da erTi Svili.

n't
Do

Cven Tavad vqmniT teqs

t
s SeadgineT: 1. Tqve­ni
a
130 v­to­biog­ra­fia; 2. Tqve­niCV VI.daxasiaTeba,rekomendacia daxasiaTebaarispi­
rov­ne­bis ma­xa­sia­Te­be­li Tvi­se­be­bis we­ri­lo­biT Ca­mo­ya­li­be­ba. da­xa­sia­T-
e­bis for­ma Zi­ri­Ta­dad gav­rce­le­bu­lia sas­ko­lo cxov­re­ba­Si.. rekomendacia a
ris pi­rov­ne­bis mu­Sao­bis an saq­mia­no­bis Se­sa­xeb da­de­bi­Ti we­ri­lo­bi­Ti
kva­li­fi­ka­ciis asa­maR

l
­ e­be­li kur­se­bi. igi am kur­seb­ze da
euf­la uax­les me­To­deb­sa da stra­te­giebs, amiT s
rul­yo Ta­vi­si cod­na. ele­ne ge­laS­vi­l
i aris ni­now­min­dis `e­nis sax­lis~ Ta­nam­Sro­me­li. igi aris kar­gad or­ga­ni­ze­bu-
l
­ i da pa­su­xis­mgeb­lo­bis grZno­bis mqo­ne pi­rov­ne­ba. mi­si da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba-
msme­ne­leb­Tan da mo
s­wav­leeb­Tan ga­mor­Ceu­lia, igi aris mom­Txov­ni, mag­ram ama­ve
dros sa­mar­Tlia­no­bis una­riT da­jil­doe­bu­li pe­da­go­gi, ami­tom mas­Tan mo
s

py
­
w a v­l e e­b i
k
ar­gad grZno­ben Tavs. ki­dev un­da aRi­niS­nos mi­si er­T-er­Ti ga­mor­Ceu­li Tvi-
­se­ba, igi ga­wo­nas­wo­re­bu­li pi­rov­ne­ba da ama­ve dros gun­du­ri mu­Sao­bis un-
a­riT da­jil­doe­bu­li Co ada­mia­nia. mi­si es
Tvi­se­bac aad­vi­lebs mas­Tan mu­Sao­bas. aq­ve un­da aRi­n
i

S­nos ele­nes
p
i­rov­ne­bis ise­Ti Tvi­se­be­bi, rac mas san­do da Seuc­vlel me­g
sxva sa­mu­Sao­ze an or­ga­ni­za­cia­Si war­sad­ge­nad. daxasiaTebis nimuSi: daxasia­
ob­rad war­moa­Cens. igi aris sa­mar­Tl
Teba Tor­ni­ke ke­ke­lia aris da­de­bi­Ti pi­rov­ne­ba.
ia­ ni, ga­moir­Ce­va go­nie­re­biT, kar­gi qce­viT. Tor­ni­ke aq­tiu­rad mo­na­wi­leob Ta
n't
igi
n­sag­mos­
rZno­
wav­blise­Ta TviT­Se­moq­me­de­bis Ro­nis­Zie­beb­Si. gan­sa­kuT­re­bul mid­re­una­ ki­lre­i
Tbas am­JRav­ aR­snav­
ebs
se, teq­ni­kmas u­ri sag­nsia­ e­bi­msov­
ad­nmebs
i. aris yu­ rad­
ada­ mia­Rne­e­bbia­
is­nTi,vis
me­gob­ru­dax­ li,ma­ru-e
kon­
­ f liq­ t o pi­ r ov­ n e­ b a, ag­ r eT­ v e TviT­ k ri­ t i­ k u­ l i, kar­ g ad afa­ s ebs sa­ k u­ T ar Se­ s
aZ­
bis leb­lo­bebs. igi aq­tiu­ri ga­we­vpi­ a rov­ne­baa da xSi­rad dak
arg wa­gmo­
Ta­nad­ ow­ ye­bna­
ma. a­Tnaa ini­
kan­c dia­e­lta­o­kr
i i.
T 5.III. 2006 w. kla­sis dam­ri­ge­be­li m. Tva­la­
Do

va­Ze. rekomendaciis nimuSi: r e k o m e n d a c i a ele­ne ge­laS­vi­li aris ka

r­gi pe­da­go­gi.. igi ram­de­ni­me we­lia bi­ as­l i­sl
wav­ isissa­xel­ mwi­Tful
qar­ o uni­venaser­s
ara­qar­Tvel i­te­tismsme­ ne­l
pro­ febs.
e­so­rimi­sCven
i gak­ ve­Ti­lvqmniT
Tavad e­bi yo­vteqsts
el­Tvis SeadgineTga­moir­Ce­vteqsti
a ma­Ra­l qv­i
pro­fe­sio­na­liz­miT, me­To­du­ri ga­mar­Tu­lo­bi­Ta da axa­li stra­te­gie­bis kar­
gi cod­niT. ele­ne ge­laS­vi­li mzar­di pi­rov­ne­baa, mas mud­mi­vad surs srul­yos Ta­vi
s­ i cod­na da ai­ma
R­los pro­fe­siu­li do­ne. ram­de­ni­me xnis win gaia­ra

131
 s­tu­rebs sxdo­mis Tav­mjdo­ma­re. oqms Tan er­Tvis ori­ve xel­mo­we­ra. sa­Wi­roe-
­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si keT­de­ba oq­mis amo­na­we­ri. oqmis nimuSi: Tbilisis ivane javaxi
Svilis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitaruli fakultetis gafarToebul

i sabWos sxdomis oqmi # 5 25 mar­ti, 2007 w. eswrebodnen _ fa­kul­te­tis sab­Wos

wev­re­bi _ 148 wev­ri dRis wesrigi _ 1. fakultetis instituciuri mowyoba 2.o mc
l
ag
maeso
sabWos arCevnebi 3. humanitaruli fakultetis sa

mivlineboxarjebisgamanawilebelikomisiisarCeva. moismines:humanitaruli
fakultetis dekanis in­for­ma­c

ia in­sti­tu­ciu­ri mow­yo­bis Se­sa­xeb. in­sti­tut­Si er­Tian­de­bian er­Ti dar­gis s

pe­cia­lis­te­bi, in­sti­tut­Si gaer­Tian­de­ba ram­de­ni­me de­par­ta­men­

py
ti. de­par­ta­men­ti moi­cavs kvle­vis mi­mar­Tu­le­bebs. azrigamoTqves:un­da Seiq­mnas uk

­rai­nis­ti­kis in­sti­tu­ti, xo­lo qar­Tve­lo­lo­giu­ri sko­lis cen­tri sa­fa­kul­te­

to or­ga­no iq­ne­ba. ga­moiT­qva mo­saz­re­ba am uka­

nas­kne­lis sa­xel­wo­de­bis Se­sa­xeb. ga­moiT­qva mo­saz­re­be­bi, Tu ra daer­q-

vasmas:qar­Tve­lo­lo­giu­ricen­triTuqar­Tve­lo­lo­giu­risko­la. kamaTSimonawileoba
Co
n't
Do

i­te­tis pro­fe­so­ri Cven Tavad vqmniT teqsts SeadgineT teqsti qv­

emoT mocemul

Temebze: 1. ram­de­ni­me Tqve­ni kla­se­lis da­xa­sia­Te­ba; 2. Tqve­ni oj

a­xis wev­ris da­xa­sia­Te­ba; 3. Tqve­ni da­xa­sia­Te­ba, dai­na­xeT Tqve­ni Ta­vi di­r-
eq­to­ris, kla­sis dam­ri­geb­lis, er­T-er­Ti sag­nis mas­wav­leb­lis, fsi­qo­lo­gis, me­
gob­ris, am­xa­na­gis, k

la­se­lis po­zi­cii­dan. 4. re­ko­men­da­cia Tqve­ni me­gob­ris kon­kur­sze war­s-

ad­ge­nad; 5. war­mo­sax­vi­Ti re­ko­men­da­cia ro­me­li­me Tqve­ni mas­wav­leb­li­saT
­vis; VII. oqmi oq­mi aris rai­me ofi­cia­lu­ri Sek­re­bis aR­we­ra. oqms Zi­ri­Ta­dad a
d­gens spe­cia­lu­rad ga­mo­yo­fi­li pi­rov­ne­ba (mdi­va­ni) da ad
a
132
 Do
n't
Co
py

133
134
Do
n't
Co
py
 II enobrivi saSualebebi

msjelobis enobrivi saSualebebi _ 1

in­for­ma­ciis da­ma­te­ba: ag­reT­ve, amas­Ta­na­ve, gar­da ami­sa, ara mxo­lod _

ara­med, uf­ro me­tic, ise­ve ro­gorc, Se­sa­ba­mi­sad,
sa­Ta­na­dod, ma­ga­li­Tad, ase ma­ga­li­Tad, ma­ga­li­
Tad SeiZ­le­ba mo­viy­va­noT, amis da­ma­das­tu­re­be­
lia, aq­ve un­da ga­vix­se­noT / gan­vi­xi­loT / vim­sje­
loT...

py
ga­mom­wve­vi mi­ze­ze­bi, Se­de­ rad­gan, im­de­nad ram­de­na­dac, imi­tom rom, imis
ge­bi: ga­mo, ram­de­na­dac, am­de­nad, ami­tom, amis gaT­va­
lis­wi­ne­biT, vi­nai­dan, Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, Se­de­gad,

Se­da­re­ba ise­ve, ro­gorc, msgav­sad, mas­Tan Se­da­re­biT, ise­

Ti, ro­go­ric...

da­pi­ris­pi­re­ba:
Co mag­ram, ma­Sin, ro­ca..., amis­gan gan­sxva­ve­biT, er­Ti
mxriv, meo­re mxriv, upir­ve­les yov­li­sa, Tum­ca,
nac­vlad, xo­lo... mar­Ta­lia, ... mag­ram, mar­Ta­lia,
... Tum­ca,

az­ris lo­gi­ku­ri gan­vi­Ta­ jer er­Ti, meo­re, me­sa­me... er­Ti mxriv, meo­re mx­
n't
re­ba: riv... Ta­nac, pir­ve­li, meo­re, upir­ve­les yov­li­
sa, rac yve­la­ze mTa­va­ria...

aRia­re­bu­li WeS­ma­ri­te­bis mar­Tlac, nam­dvi­lad, ro­gorc cno­bi­lia, sa­yo­

mox­mo­ba: vel­Taod cno­bi­lia, rom..., faq­tob­ri­vad, Cveu­
leb­riv, sa­zo­ga­dod, ro­gorc we­si, we­sis Ta­nax­
Do

mad, saer­Tod, sxva­Ta So­ris, sta­tis­ti­ku­ri

mo­na­ce­me­bis mi­xed­viT, ro­gorc yo­vel­Tvis, ro­
gorc xSi­rad xde­ba xol­me, sa­zo­ga­doe­bis Tval­
Ta­xed­viT, gav­rce­le­bu­li mo­saz­re­bis Ta­nax­mad,
um­rav­le­so­bis az­riT...

az­ris lo­gi­ku­ri gan­vi­Ta­ jer er­Ti..., meo­re..., er­Ti mxriv, meo­re mxriv, Ta­
re­ba nac, pir­ve­li, meo­re, upir­ve­les yov­li­sa, rac
yve­la­ze mTa­va­ria...

pi­ro­bi­To­ba: Tu, Tu­ki, ma­Si­nac ki, ro­ca..., im Sem­Txve­va­Si, Tu...,

ma­Sin ro­de­sac, imis gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT, rom...,

135
 az­ris Se­ja­me­ba, das­kvna: am­ri­gad, am­gva­rad, ase da am­gva­rad, da­sas­rul,
bo­los, da bo­los, er­Ti sit­yviT, Se­ja­me­bis sa­xiT
SeiZ­le­ba iT­qvas, rom..., ma­Sa­sa­da­me, ze­moT­qmu­lis
gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT SeiZ­le­ba iT­qvas / ga­mo­vi­ta­noT
das­kvna, rom.., das­kvnis sa­xiT SeiZ­le­ba iT­qvas,
Se­saZ­loa am­gva­ri das­kvnis ga­mo­ta­na, sa­bo­lood
un­da aRi­niS­nos, rom..., yo­ve­li­ve ze­moT­qmu­lis
gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT SeiZ­le­ba da­vas­kvnaT, rom...,

pi­ra­di az­ris / va­rau­dis ga­ Ce­mi az­riT, mi­maC­nia, rom..., vTvli, rom..., sa­fiq­
mo­xat­va: re­be­lia, rom..., Cem­Tvis mi­sa­Re­bia / miu­Re­be­lia,
ar ve­Tan­xme­bi / ar vi­zia­reb im azrs, rom..., Ta­vis­

py
Ta­vad cxa­dia, rom..., mo­gex­se­ne­baT,...
sa­va­rau­dod, vva­rau­dob, ro­gorc Cans, mgo­ni, sa­
fiq­re­be­lia, Cans, al­baT, co­ta ar iyos, et­yo­ba,
Tu ar vcde­bi, ro­gorc vxe­davT, iq­neb, vfiq­rob,
Co
ar­gu­men­ti, ar­gu­men­tTa da­
ma­kav­Si­re­be­li fra­ze­bi
ara­nak­le­bi siZ­lie­ris ar­gu­men­tad mig­vaC­nia...,
ara­nak­leb mniS­vne­lo­va­nia..., vfiq­rob msje­lo­bas
ki­dev uf­ro da­ma­je­re­bels gax­dis..., ga­saT­va­lis­
wi­ne­be­lia isic, rom...

kon­trar­gu­men­tis ga­ba­Ti­ mar­Ta­lia, miC­neu­lia.... mag­ram, miu­xe­da­vad imi­sa,

le­ba rom sa­zo­ga­doe­bis er­Ti na­wi­li fiq­robs... un­da
aRi­niS­nos, rom, TiT­qos ar­se­bobs amis sa­pi­ris­
n't
pi­ro mo­saz­re­ba, mag­ram..., er­Ti mxriv, aRia­re­bu­
lia, rom... mag­ram, meo­re mxriv

msjelobis enobrivi saSualebebi _ 2

Do

damxmare abzacis enobrivi mar­Tlac, amis miu­xe­da­vad, ze­moT­qmu­lis gaT­va­

saSualebebi: lis­wi­ne­biT, er­Ti Tval­saz­ri­siT, aq­ve isic un­da
iT­qvas, mxed­ve­lo­bi­dan ar un­da ga­mog­vrCes, yu­
rad­Re­ba un­da Se­va­Ce­roT ima­ze, rom..., davakvir­
deT, ganvixiloT, Tu es asea, maSin...

mizez-Sedegobrivi mi­ze­zi:
eses agebis enobrivi saSu­ amis ga­mom­wve­vi mi­ze­ze­bia... es iw­vevs imas, rom...
alebebi: vi­nai­dan... rad­gan... ami­to­mac... mas Sem­deg, rac...
aman ga­moiw­via is, rom... es yve­la­fe­ri gax­da imis
mi­ze­zi, rom... SeiZ­le­ba Ca­mov­Tva­loT Sem­de­gi mi­
ze­ze­bi... ram­de­na­dac... im­de­nad ram­de­na­dac... ama­
ze gav­le­na iqo­nia...

136
 Se­de­gi:
Se­de­gad... aqe­dan ga­mom­di­na­re... Se­sa­ba­mi­sad... ase
rom... Se­de­gad mi­vi­ReT is, rom... amis Se­de­gia...
amas moh­yva... lo­gi­ku­rad ga­mom­di­na­reobs... am­de­
nad... ami­tom... swo­red ami­tom... Tun­dac ami­tom­...
rom..., da­vak­vir­deT, gan­vi­xi­loT, Tu es asea, ma­
Sin...

Sedareba-dapirispirebi­ Se­da­re­ba
Ti eses agebis enobrivi sa­ ro­gorc erT, ise meo­re Sem­Txve­va­Si... pa­ra­le­li
Sualebebi: SeiZ­le­ba ga­vav­loT... Tu Se­vu­da­rebT... ori­ve­gan
Cans, rom... ori­ve Sem­Txve­va­Si ik­ve­Te­ba... ori­ve

py
faq­ts/mov­le­nas aer­Tia­nebs is, rom... maT So­ris
Cans msgav­se­bac... aR­niS­nul mov­le­neb­s/faq­tebs
aqvs ga­dak­ve­Tis wer­ti­li... aS­ka­rad vlin­de­ba
msgav­se­ba...

Co da­pi­ris­pi­re­ba
er­Ti mxriv... meo­re mxriv... er­Ti Tval­saz­ri­siT...
meo­re mo­saz­re­biT... am po­zi­cii­dan ga­mom­di­na­re...
sa­ma­gie­rod... Tu... Tu es de­bu­le­ba mi­sa­Re­bia, ma­
Sin... amis sa­pi­ris­pi­rod... ami­sa­gan gan­sxva­ve­biT...
sru­liad sa­pi­ris­pi­roa... ra­di­ka­lu­rad gan­sxva­
ve­bu­lia... aS­ka­rad vlin­de­ba gan­sxva­ve­ba...

msjelobis kritika: vfiq­rob sa­mar­Tlia­nia / ara­sa­mar­Tlia­nia...

n't
mo­ce­mu­lo­bi­dan Cans / ar Cans...
msje­lo­bi­sas / ana­li­zi­sas ga­saT­va­lis­wi­ne­be­
lia ram­de­ni­me faq­to­ri / ga­re­moe­ba...
ara­sak­ma­ri­sia mo­na­ce­me­bi imis Se­sa­xeb, Tu...
mo­ce­mu­li prob­le­mis ga­da­saW­re­lad mniS­vne­
Do

lo­va­nia...
au­ci­le­be­lia dad­gin­des...
up­ria­nia, dad­gin­des / ga­moik­ve­Tos...
gan­sa­kuT­re­biT mniS­vne­lo­va­nia is, rom...
mo­ce­mul epi­zod­Si /mo­nak­veT­Si / msje­lo­ba­Si
yu­rad­Re­bas iq­cevs is ga­re­moe­ba, rom...
yu­rad­Re­ba mi­saq­ce­via Sem­de­gi ga­re­moe­ba...
aras­wo­ri das­kvna gan­pi­ro­be­bu­lia imiT, rom...
yo­ve­li­ve ze­moT­qmu­lis gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT...
amis gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT SeiZ­le­ba iT­qvas, rom...
amis mtki­ce­bis sa­Sua­le­bas gvaZ­levs is, rom...
mo­ce­mul msje­lo­ba­Si naT­lad Cans / ar Cans...
gar­da ami­sa, mniS­vne­lo­va­nia isic, rom...

137
 SeiZ­lebs vi­fiq­roT, vi­va­rau­doT...
faq­tob­ri­vad, ...
msje­lo­ba­Si wi­na plan­zea wa­mo­weu­li / araa
wa­mo­weu­li Sem­de­gi ga­re­moe­ba...
gan­sa­kuT­re­biT mniS­vne­lo­va­nia...
gan­sa­kuT­re­bul yu­rad­Re­bas im­sa­xu­rebs is
ga­re­moe­ba, rom...
prob­le­mis ga­saa­na­li­zeb­lad kar­gi qne­ba ga­
viT­va­lis­wi­noT Sem­de­gi ga­re­moe­ba...

argumentis moyvanis enobrivi saSualebebi:

py
citata ze­moT naT­qvams / va­rauds adas­tu­rebs Sem­de­
gi sit­yve­bi...; sai­lus­tra­ciod mo­viy­vanT frag­
ments na­war­moe­bi­dan...; av­to­ris da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­
Co ba mJRav­nde­ba Sem­deg sit­yveb­Si...;

sazogadod cnobili de­bu­ ro­gorc cno­bi­lia, ara­vin da­vobs imis Se­sa­xeb,

le­ba an aqsiomaturi WeSma­ rom...; sa­yo­vel­Taod aRia­re­bu­lia, rom...; sa­zo­
ri­teba ga­dod mi­Re­bu­li Tval­saz­ri­sis Ta­nax­mad...
ama­ze mig­vi­Ti­Tebs Sem­de­gi sit­yve­bi...; am va­rauds
adas­tu­rebs...

am sa­kiT­xis Se­sa­xeb mec­nie­re­bi am­tki­ce­ben, rom...;

sxvaTa mosazrebebi ro­gorc sa­mec­nie­ro li­te­ra­tu­ra­Sia cno­bi­li...;
n't
sa­mec­nie­ro li­te­ra­tu­ra­Si aR­we­ri­lia...

istoriuli faqtebi ro­gorc cno­bi­lia...; is­to­rii­dan vi­ciT, rom...;

is­to­riu­li wya­roe­bi gvauw­yebs...; is­to­riu­li
mo­na­ce­me­bis mi­xed­viT...; is­to­riu­li ga­moc­di­
Do

le­ba gvar­wmu­nebs...; sais­to­rio wya­roe­bis mi­xed­

viT...

piradi gamocdileba ga­vix­se­neb epi­zods Ce­mi cxov­re­bi­dan...; max­sen­

de­ba er­Ti Sem­Txve­va...; min­da ga­gi­zia­roT Ce­mi da­
mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba...; am­gva­ri ram Ta­vad gan­mic­dia...

statistika sta­tis­ti­ku­ri mo­na­ce­me­biT...; so­ci­¬o­lo­giu­ri

ga­mo­kiT­xvis Ta­nax­mad...; ro­gorc in­te­raq­tiul­
ma ga­mo­kiT­xveb­ma aC­ve­na...

Tqveneuli logika dar­ wmu­ne­

bu­li var, rom...; Tu es asea, ma­ Sin...;
...faq­ti gviC­ve­nebs, rom...; min­da aR­vniS­no, rom...;
am sa­kiT­xis Se­sa­xeb vfiq­rob, rom...);

138
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n't
Co
py
Do
n't
Co
py