CSogdDictionary2nd Edition

BEITRÄGE ZUR IRANISTIK
Gegründet von Georges Redard, herausgegeben von Nicholas Sims-Williams
Band 41
A Dictionary:
Christian Sogdian, Syriac and English
Nicholas Sims-Williams
REICHERT VERLAG WIESBADEN 2020

A Dictionary:
Christian Sogdian, Syriac and English
2nd edition, revised and completed
REICHERT VERLAG WIESBADEN 2020

This research project was made possible as a result of funding generously provided by
the Arts and Humanities Research Council of the United Kingdom.
The publication of this revised edition was supported by a subvention

from the Ancient India and Iran Trust, Cambridge
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Contents
Introduction 7
A note on the second edition 9
List of editions cited for the Syriac and other parallel versions 11
References and bibliographical abbreviations 13
Other abbreviations 18
Symbols and conventions 19
Part 1. Sogdian–Syriac–English 21
Part 2. Syriac–Sogdian–English 245
English index 377

Introduction
This dictionary is designed to be accessible both to Iranists, whether or not they know Syriac,
and to Syriacists, whether or not they know Sogdian.
Part 1 provides a complete listing of words attested in Christian Sogdian texts, including all
variants in spelling or pointing, full parsing of inflected forms, and details of their equivalents in
the most closely corresponding parallel text in Syriac (or occasionally in another language).
In Part 2 the same material is arranged by Syriac lemmata, verbal forms (including parti-
ciples) being listed under roots in order to bring related forms together as far as possible. From
this listing it is possible to see exactly what Sogdian translations are attested for any Syriac form,
lexeme or idiom. Part 2 is shorter than Part 1 since it omits many details of the Sogdian forms as
well as all words for which no Syriac equivalent is attested. It does however include references
to Syriac words (other than personal and geographical names) which are attested in the Sogdian
texts.
Parts 1 and 2 together make it possible to see what Syriac form or forms any attested Sogdian
word can represent and how any Syriac word is translated into Sogdian. The dictionary thus
fulfils a range of functions. Firstly, it will provide a reliable guide for anyone who wants to read
the published Christian Sogdian texts; secondly, it will assist future editors in identifying,
restoring and translating Christian Sogdian texts; and thirdly, it will contribute to the study of the
transmission of literature from Syriac into Sogdian and the techniques of the translators.
Coverage
The dictionary covers the vocabulary of all known Christian Sogdian texts. Heavily restored or
unidentifiable fragments of words are not necessarily listed.
The manuscripts in Syriac script are cited according to the editions listed in my catalogue
Iranian manuscripts in Syriac script in the Berlin Turfan collection (= Cat.), taking into account
any corrections mentioned there. Texts published since the appearance of Cat. (chiefly in BT
XXXII, XXXV, XLII and XLV) are of course cited according to those editions. A convenient
list arranged by E-numbers can be found in BT XLV, 5-6; see also ibid., 7-8, for concordances
of the texts edited or re-edited in BT XLV itself. For the inscription MIK III/365 (in Syriac script
apart from a Turkish name in Uygur script) see Sims-Williams 1992, 58.
The texts in Sogdian script are cited according to the editions referred to in BT XXXII, 139,
with the addition of ‘Cross’ (ed. Klein–Reck 2004), E21r (ed. Sims-Williams, BT XLV, 46-7,
58-9), ‘Frg18’ (ed. Sims-Williams 1977, 63-5), O2497 (ed. Yoshida 2017, 156-8) and the frag-
ments of a manuscript containing a ‘Dormition’ text, probably preceded by an anti-Manichaean
polemic ([So] 12600, 20222b, 20223, 20227, edited in BT XLV, 145-54). In certain cases only
selected words such as specifically Christian names and religious terms have been included. This
applies to two letters from Dunhuang (‘DTS F’ and ‘DTS G’, ed. Sims-Williams–Hamilton
1990, 51-76 = Sims-Williams–Hamilton 2015, 61-91), three incriptions on pots from Semirech’e
(‘Khum 1’ and ‘Khum 4’, ed. Livshits 2015, 271-2, 273; ‘Khum 7’, see Yoshida 2012, 204a),
and the unedited secular texts written by or mentioning Christians which are described and cited
in the catalogues of the Iranian Turfan texts in Sogdian script (primarily Reck 2018; also [Ch/So]
20230+ in Reck 2006, 245-6).
8 Introduction
Arrangement
Each entry in Part 1 generally begins with the Sogdian lemma in bold type with a grammatical
definition (part of speech, gender etc.) and English translation. In the case of verbs the present
and past stems are separated by a forward slash, e.g. ⇥d⇥s / ⇥d⇥t vb. ‘to marvel, be amazed’. The
order of the lemmata is based on the spellings in Syriac script; forms in Sogdian script (marked
S) are listed under the corresponding form in Syriac script. Words attested only in Sogdian script
are given under a reconstructed lemma in Syriac script, if this affects their alphabetical position,
but are also cross-referenced under their actual spelling.
The information which follows the English translation may be arranged in various ways
according to the complexity of the particular case, but usually includes whichever are relevant of
the following elements:
(i) Equivalents in Syriac (and sometimes other languages). If a Syriac equivalent is given
before the text-reference(s) it applies to all of these except those accompanied by ‘(–)’ (= ‘no
Syriac equivalent attested’) or some other indication of an alternative equivalence; if a Syriac or
other equivalent is placed in parentheses after a text-reference it applies to that passage alone.
This may be exemplified by the following two entries:
⇥rt⇥wy⇥, ⇥rtwy⇥ f. ‘righteousness’ ~ zdyqwt⌦ ‘id.’: ⌦rt⌦wy⌦ Lk1.75 E5/6v; E28/8v1*; E36/1v8 (–);
obl. ⌦rtw ⌦ E27/40v21.
̇
⇥ywzy m. ‘storm, tempest’: pl. ywz t E27/40r12 (~ m wl⌦ ‘id.’); ʾywz t E28/19v9.
The first entry indicates that ⌦rt⌦wy⌦ or ⌦rtwy⌦ translates zdyqwt⌦ in all the passages cited except
E36/1v8; the second indicates that ⌦ywzy translates m wl⌦ only in E27/40r12.
In the case of personal and geographical names, as well as Syriac titles and technical terms
used in the Sogdian texts, Syriac equivalents are not usually cited, since they generally cor-
respond to identical forms in the underlying Syriac texts (sometimes with minor variations in
spelling, especially in the case of names of Persian origin).
(ii) Text-references. References to biblical texts—E1-6, E32 and the S Psalms (including the
Hymn and Creed found in one Psalter manuscript)—are given first. In the case of well-attested
words, phrases or Sogd.-Syr. equivalences, only a selection of text-references is included. Most
references indicate a specific line or verse. Where the reference is more general, e.g. ‘E5’,
‘E27/1-27’ or ‘E26/12’, this implies that the item in question is attested several (in general: more
than three) times in the MS or passage indicated, while ‘E5+’ indicates that it is attested several
times in E5 and also elsewhere. The formula ‘NT’ indicates an item which is attested several
times in at least two of the MSS containing New Testament texts.
(iii) Inflected forms and variant spellings. In principle, all attested forms of each word are
listed, including those which differ only in their diacritic points. In more complex cases it has
seemed clearer to list the inflected or variant forms in a separate paragraph (beginning: ‘Forms’)
at the end of the entry.
Since the Syriac system of pointing will not be familiar to every Iranist, it may be useful to
provide a summary of the system in so far as it is applied to Sogdian. The vocalic points com-
monly found in Sogdian texts are the following: = [✓]; ⌫ = [ă]; or = [!]; ⌥ = ["]; ⌃ = [#]; ⌅ =
̇
[$]. Initial [✓-] can be indicated by -, by ⌦⌦- or in some MSS by ʾ-. The symbol symbol ¨ (sy⇥me),
placed above any letter in a word, can be used to indicate that a final aleph stands for [-!], e.g.
n⇤⌦ or nw⌘⌦ = [n⇧ ]. A consonantal [y] is sometimes indicated by ẏ, while the spelling n,
which in Syriac is used to distinguish [măn] ‘who?’ from its homographs [m✓n] ‘what?’ and
[men] ‘from’, is often used in Sogdian for the enclitic pronoun n [man] ‘us’.
Introduction 9
Syriac
In the choice of citation forms I have in general followed Sokoloff 2009 (= SyrLex). Roots with
final -⌦/-y are systematically cited with -y, e.g. ⌦ty ‘to come’, hwy ‘to be’ (the only root in aleph
being by⌦ ‘to console’) and mediae geminatae as gnn etc. rather than gn. Forms with less com-
mon prefixes and infixes (e.g. hymn, srhb, ↵bd, tlmd) as well as reduplicated or unanalysable
quadriliteral forms (e.g. b↵b↵, gwzl, r ↵) are listed under the four consonants of the apparent root
and defined as quad. or (if they have the prefix ⌦t-) quad.refl. Where the Syriac consonantal
spelling is ambiguous, e.g. between p al and pa el, I have generally followed the vocalization
indicated by the editor of the relevant text.
In Part 2, the attested verbal conjugations are listed under each root in the order p al pa el
ap el etp el etpa al ettap al, followed by a list of cross-references to nominal forms derived from
the root. At the same time, a reference to the root (if attested in this dictionary) is given in
parentheses after each nominal form which appears as a lemma. In addition, cross-references are
freely employed wherever a non-specialist might find it difficult to locate a particular Syriac
form. Thus it is hoped to combine the advantages of the two principles, alphabetical and radical,
which are commonly employed in dictionaries of Semitic languages.
In general, participles, whether used verbally or nominally, are treated as forms of the conju-
gation to which they belong. A participle is only given a separate subheading if it is necessary to
indicate that it is translated in a different way from other forms of that conjugation, as is often
the case with those used as nouns or adjectives or with pass. participles of active conjugations.
For example, the pass. pt. ⌦syr, ⌦syr⌦ ‘bound; prisoner’, is given a separate subheading under ⌦sr
p al ‘to bind’; but the p al pass. pt. ⌦ yd, when used in the active sense ‘holding’, is not distin-
guished from other instances of ⌦ d p al ‘to hold’.
Names of persons and places are not usually included in Part 2, since they are hardly ever
‘translated’ but merely taken over into Sogdian, often in their Syriac form. For the sake of com-
pleteness, a cross-reference to the Sogdian part of this dictionary (in the form ‘see Sogd. s.v.’) is
generally given in the case of Syriac words and phrases which are used in the Sogdian texts:
such a cross-reference does not necessarily imply that the same word is found in the underlying
Syriac text.
Throughout this dictionary, Syriac words are given in unvocalized form. However, in the case
of a few common words whose consonantal spellings are ambiguous, e.g. h⌃, hẏ, h✏wn ‘that,
those’ as opposed to h⌅, h⌥, h⇣wn ‘he, she, they’, diacritic points have been used to distinguish
the homophones.
Finally, it should be noted that the Sogdian forms cited in Part 2 are often generalized or
simplified by the omission of pointing etc. This is even more true of the English index. For full
details of the Sogdian forms attested one should always refer to Part 1.
A note on the second edition

The publication of the first edition of this dictionary in 2016 was quickly followed by a series of
important publications containing Christian texts in Sogdian, in particular Barbati 2016, BT
XLII (2017), Reck 2018 and BT XLV (2019). As a result, the whole extant Christian literature in
Sogdian, whether in Syriac or Sogdian script, has now been published (with insignificant excep-
tions, such as a series of tiny and hardly legible fragments of the so-called ‘manuscript in brown
ink’, for which see Reck 2018, 59-60; BT XLV, 145). Since no substantial Christian Sogdian
texts have been found since the end of the Third Turfan expedition in 1907, there seems to be no
10 Introduction
immediate prospect of a significant increase in the material available to us. Consequently, this
seems to be the appropriate moment for a new and complete edition of the dictionary.
The most substantial difference between the present edition and its predecessor is the inclu-
sion of additional material such as new words, forms, meanings and Sogdian-Syriac correspon-
dences from recently-published or recently-identified texts. Some material in the first edition
which no longer seems useful has been omitted: for example, some references to poorly-
preserved forms have been replaced by references to clearer forms in newly-published texts. In
addition, all errors which have been noticed have of course been corrected. With regard to names
of persons, gods etc., I have been happy to adopt some suggestions from Schmitt 2017, 231-2.
Acknowledgements
It is my pleasure to acknowledge help from many friends, which has contributed towards the
completion of this dictionary. My colleagues in Berlin, especially Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst
and Christiane Reck, have always made me welcome and facilitated the consultation of the
manuscripts held there. Yutaka Yoshida and Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst read a preliminary
version of the first edition of this dictionary and sent me important corrections. Grigory Kessel
kindly made available his unpublished work on the Arabic version of the ‘Selected sayings’ of
◆em↵on d-⇥aibuteh. I am also grateful to Carl-Martin Bunz and Andrew Glass, the creators of the
fonts used in this book, Times NR Miran and Gandhari Unicode respectively. I would like to
acknowledge once again the support of the Arts and Humanities Research Council, which funded
my work on the first edition of the dictionary as part of a project entitled ‘The transmission of
Christian texts at Turfan’, and of Erica C. D. Hunter, the Principal Investigator on that project.
Finally, my thanks are due to Ursula Reichert for her great kindness in accepting to publish this
second edition so soon after the first.
Cambridge, March 2016/August 2020
List of editions cited for the Syriac and other parallel versions
The Syriac texts, and occasionally parallel texts in other languages, are in general cited accord-
ing to the sources listed here (exceptions being indicated by specific references):
Parallels to the Sogdian manuscripts in Syriac script

E1-5 (Gospels): Pusey–Gwilliam 1901 (cited as TES). Occasionally variants from the Vetus
Syra (Sinaiticus and Curetonian) are cited from Kiraz 1996.
E6, E32 (Epistles): British and Foreign Bible Society 1919.
E18 (Gloria): Sims-Williams 1995.
E23 (St George): Brooks 1925. Where the Sogdian text seems to agree with a MS reading other
than that preferred by Brooks I have sometimes cited an individual MS (using Brooks’ sigla
C, D, M, V). I have collated C and D personally, while the readings of M and V are cited
according to Bedjan, AMS I, 277-300, with additions and corrections from Guidi 1892.
E24c1 (Invention of the Cross), c2 (Sergius), c3 (Barshabba): ST II, 556-64.
E25/1 (Serapion): Bedjan, AMS V, 289-91.
E26/5-6 (Omens): Syriac and Babylonian texts cited in Sims-Williams 1995b, 294-7, and in BT
XXXV, 50-55.
E26/7-23r (John of Dailam): the prose life H is cited by paragraph numbers from Brock 1982,
135-42), while the verse life C is cited from the MS by folio and line-numbers.
E26/23v-32 (Serapion): Bedjan, AMS V, 263-341.
E27/1-27 (Pethion): Bedjan, AMS II, 559-631; Corluy 1888. As in other cases, I have cited
eclectically whichever text appears closer to the Sogdian.
E27/31 (Isaac of Nineveh): Pirtea in BT XLV, 141-4.
E27/39-48r (D⌅di⌃o⇤ Qa⌥r⌅y⌅ on Abba Isaiah): Draguet 1972.
E27/54v-56r (Apostolic Canons): Cureton 1864, kd-lh; Vööbus 1979, 41-9.
E27/56v (Fates of the Apostles): Sims-Williams 1995a, 288.
E27/56v-57v (Commentary on the Liturgies): BT XII, 117-20.
E27/60-61 (Apophthegmata Patrum): BT XII, 133-5.
E27/64-69 (Persian martyrs): BT XII, 150-53.
E27/77 (Sleepers of Ephesus): BT XII, 156-7.
E27/83-91 (Eustathius): Bedjan, AMS III, 215-53.
E27/91v (Abba Isaiah): Draguet 1968, 21.
E27/94r (Macarius): Strothmann 1981, 114-16.
E27/94-120 (Evagrius): Frankenberg 1912, 472-526, taking into account the variants listed in BT
XII, 180-81.
E27/120v (Pethion): Bedjan, AMS II, 559.
E27/A = E27/126 (Isaac of Nineveh): Pirtea in BT XLV, 144.
E28/1 (⇧em⇤on d- aibuteh): Kessel–Sims-Williams 2011, 289-291. For a passage missing in the
Syriac text I have occasionally cited the Arabic version, kindly made available to me by
Grigory Kessel. For r1-2, which may be the final words of an excerpt from Abba Isaiah, cf.
Draguet 1968, 410.
E28/2a (Isaac of Nineveh): Bedjan 1909, 463-4, 564-5.
E28/3 (Isaac of Nineveh): Brock 1995, 63-4.
12 List of editions cited for the Syriac and other parallel versions
E28/3v-8r (D⌅di⌃o⇤ Qa⌥r⌅y⌅ on Abba Isaiah): Draguet 1972.

E28/8 (D⌅di⌃o⇤ Qa⌥r⌅y⌅ on the Paradise of the Fathers): Sims-Williams 1994, 46-8.
E28/9-10 (Eugenius): Bedjan, AMS III, 431-3, 442-5; BT XLII, *3-*9.
E28/12, 14 (Isaac of Nineveh): Oxford MS Bodl. syr. e. 7, ff. 10-12.
E28/27 (Tarbo): Bedjan, AMS II, 254-6; BT XLII, *9-*16.
E28/65v (Apellen): BT XLII, *16-*20.
E29/8 (Cyriacus and Julitta): Bedjan, AMS III, 255-6.
E30/3-7 (A⇥iqar): where possible a Syriac text is cited (from SA or Nau 1920); where necessary
non-Syriac versions are cited from SA.
E32: see under E6 above.
E46: Syriac text on v margin, see Cat., 191.
E47 (Numerals): Syriac text of the same MS as edited in BT XXXII, 136.
Parallels to the Christian Sogdian manuscripts in Sogdian script

Psalms: Walter 1980. In a few cases where the Sogdian text agrees with the Septuagint more
closely than with the Peshitta, the Greek is cited from Rahlfs 1935.
Psalm-headings: Bloemendaal 1960.
Hymn attributed to Babai of Nisibis: Bedjan 1886, 183.
Creed: Caspari 1866, 116-17.
References and bibliographical abbreviations
AoF = Altorientalische Forschungen.

AMS I-VII = Bedjan 1890-1897.
Barbati, C., 2015. ‘La documentation sogdienne chrétienne et le monastère de Bulayïq’, Le
christianisme syriaque en Asie centrale et en Chine (Études syriaques, 12, ed. P. G. Borbone
& P. Marsone), Paris, 89-120.
— 2016. The Christian Sogdian Gospel Lectionary E5 in Context, Vienna.
Bedjan, P., 1886. Breviarium iuxta ritum Syrorum Orientalium id est Chaldaeorum, I, Paris.
— 1890-1897. Acta martyrum et sanctorum, I-VII, Paris–Leipzig [= AMS].
— 1909. Mar Isaacus Ninivita: De Perfectione Religiosa, Paris–Leipzig.
Benveniste, É., 1947. ‘Fragments des Actes de saint Georges en version sogdienne’, JA, 234,
1943-45 [1947], 91-116. [Reprinted in Benveniste 1979, 190-215.]
— 1955. ‘Études sur quelques textes sogdiens chrétiens’, JA, 243, 297-337. [Reprinted in
Benveniste 1979, 228-66.]
— 1958. ‘Mots d’emprunt iraniens en arménien’, Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris,
53, 55-71.
— 1979. Études sogdiennes (Beiträge zur Iranistik, 9), Wiesbaden.
Bi Bo & Sims-Williams, N., 2018. Sogdian Documents from Khotan in the Museum of Renmin
University of China / Zhongguo renmin daxue bowuguan cang hetian chutu sute yu wenshu
, Beijing.
Bloemendaal, W., 1960. The Headings of the Psalms in the East Syrian church, Leiden.
British and Foreign Bible Society, 1919. The New Testament in Syriac, London.
Brock, S. P., 1982. ‘A Syriac life of John of Dailam’, Parole de l’Orient, 10, 1981-2, 123-89.
— 1995. Isaac of Nineveh (Isaac the Syrian). ‘The Second Part’, Chapters IV-XLI, edited
(CSCO, Scriptores Syri, 224), Louvain.
— & Sims-Williams, N., 2011. ‘An early fragment from the East Syriac baptismal service from
Turfan’, Orientalia Christiana Periodica, 77, 81-92.
Brooks, E. W., 1925. ‘Acts of S. George’, Le Muséon, 38, 67-115.
BSOAS = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies.
BST I = Hansen 1941.
BT XII = Sims-Williams 1985.
BT XXXII = Sims-Williams 2014.
BT XXXV = Sims-Williams 2015.
BT XLII = Sims-Williams 2017.
BT XLV = Sims-Williams 2019.
Caspari, C. P., 1866. Ungedruckte, unbeachtete und wenig beachtete Quellen zur Geschichte des
Taufsymbols und der Glaubensregel, I, Christiania.
Cat. = Sims-Williams 2012.
Ciancaglini, C. A., 2008. Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik, 28), Wiesbaden.
CII = Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum.
Conybeare, F. C., Rendel Harris, J., & Smith Lewis, A., 1913. The story of A i!ar, 2nd ed.,
Cambridge [= SA].
14 References and bibliographical abbreviations
Corluy, J., 1888. ‘Historia Sancti Mar Pethion Martyris syriace et latine’, Analecta Bollandiana,
7, 5-44.
CSCO = Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium.
Cureton, W., 1864. Ancient Syriac Documents relative to the earliest establishment of Christian-
ity in Edessa and the neighbouring countries, London.
Dickens, M., & Sims-Williams, N., 2012. ‘Christian calendrical fragments from Turfan’, Living
the Lunar Calendar (ed. J. Ben-Dov et al.), Oxford, 269-95.
DMT III/2 = Sims-Williams–Durkin-Meisterernst 2012.
Draguet, R., 1968. Les cinq recensions de l’Ascéticon syriaque d’Abba Isaïe, I, édité (CSCO,
Scriptores Syri, 120), Louvain.
— 1972. Commentaire du livre d’Abba Isaïe (logoi I-XV) par Dadi⇤o⇥ Qa⌅raya (VIIe s.), édité
(CSCO, Scriptores Syri, 144), Louvain.
DTS = Sims-Williams–Hamilton 1990.
Frankenberg, W., 1912. Euagrius Ponticus (Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der
Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Phil.-hist. Klasse, N.F., 13/2), Berlin.
Gershevitch, I., 1946. ‘On the Sogdian St. George Passion’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society,
1946, 179-84 and addenda slip. [Reprinted in Gershevitch 1985, 19-24.]
— 1954. A grammar of Manichean Sogdian, Oxford [= GMS].
— 1975. ‘Sogdians on a frogplain’, Mélanges linguistiques offerts à Émile Benveniste, Paris,
195-211.
— 1985. Philologia Iranica (Beiträge zur Iranistik, 12, ed. N. Sims-Williams), Wiesbaden.
GMS = Gershevitch 1954.
Guidi, I., 1892. ‘Bemerkungen zum ersten Bande der syrischen Acta Martyrum et Sanctorum’,
ZDMG, 1892, 744-58.
Hansen, O., 1941. Berliner soghdische Texte I. Bruchstücke einer soghdischen Version der
Georgspassion (C 1) (Abhandlungen der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-
hist. Kl., 1941, No. 10), Berlin [= BST I].
Henning, W. B., 1937. Ein manichäisches Bet- und Beichtbuch (Abhandlungen der Preußischen
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Kl., 1936, No. 10), Berlin. [Reprinted in Henning
1977, I, 417-557.]
— 1945. ‘Sogdian tales’, BSOAS, 11/3, 465-87. [Reprinted in Henning 1977, II, 169-91.]
— 1946. ‘The Sogdian texts of Paris’, BSOAS, 11/4, 713-40. [Reprinted in Henning 1977, II,
231-58.]
— 1977. Selected Papers, I-II (Acta Iranica 14-15), Tehran–Liège.
Hunter, E. C. D., & Dickens, M., 2014. Syriac texts from the Berlin Turfan collection (VOHD,
V/2: Syrische Handschriften, Teil 2), Stuttgart.
JA = Journal Asiatique.
Kessel, G., & Sims-Williams, N., 2011. ‘The Profitable Counsels of ⌥em⇧⇤n d-⇥aib⌅t h. The
Syriac original and its Sogdian version’, Le Muséon, 124/3-4, 279-302.
Kiraz, G. A., 1996. Comparative edition of the Syriac Gospels. Aligning the Sinaiticus, Cureton-
ianus, Peshî⌅tâ and "arklean versions, 4 vols., Leiden.
Klein, W., & Reck, C., 2004. ‘Ein Kreuz mit sogdischer Inschrift aus Ak-Be im/Kyrgyzstan’,
ZDMG, 154, 147-56.
Krumbacher, K., 1911. Der heilige Georg in der griechischen Überlieferung (Abhandlungen der
Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philos.-philol. und hist. Kl., XXV/3),
Munich.
Kudara, K., Sundermann, W., & Yoshida, Y., Iranian Fragments from the Ôtani Collection. Text
Volume, Kyoto, 1997.
Lewis, A. Smith, 1902. Apocrypha Syriaca (Studia Sinaitica, 9), London.
Livshits, V. A., 2015. Sogdian epigraphy of Central Asia and Semirech’e (CII, Part II, Vol.
III/4), London.
Lurje, P. B., 2011. Personal Names in Sogdian texts (Iranisches Personennamenbuch, II/8),
Vienna, 2010 [2011].
MacKenzie, D. N., 1970. ‘Christian Sogdian notes’, BSOAS, 33, 116-24.
Müller, F. W. K., 1913. Soghdische Texte I (Abhandlungen der Königlich Preußischen Akad-
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Other abbreviations
(Latin abbreviations in common use, such as e.g., cf., id., q.v., are not listed.)
1, 2, 3 = 1st, 2nd, 3rd person Mt = Matthew

abl. = ablative n. = neuter / note
abs. = absolute (state) neg. = negative
absol. = absolutive nom. = nominative
acc. = accusative NT = New Testament
act. = active num. = numeral
adj. = adjective numv. = numerative
adv. = adverb obl. = oblique
Cal = Calendrical(?) text edited by C. Reck in opt. = optative
Dickens–Sims-Williams 2012 p. = page
Chron = Chronicles pass. = passive
Col = Colossians pers. = person
conj. = conjunction pf. = perfect
constr. = construct (state) pl. = plural
Cor = Corinthians PN = personal name
Dan = Daniel postp. = postposition
dem. = demonstrative pot. = potential
Deut = Deuteronomy pp. = past participle / pages
dur. = durative prep. = preposition
ed. = edition/edited by pres. = present
Eph = Ephesians pret. = preterite
encl. = enclitic pron. = pronoun
Ex = Exodus Ps = Psalm(s)
f, ff = and the following pt. = participle
f. = feminine / folio quad. = quadriliteral
fut. = future quad.refl. = quadriliteral reflexive
Gal = Galatians r = recto
Gen = Genesis rel. = relative
gen. = genitive rest. = restored
GN = geographical name Rom = Romans
impf. = imperfect S = Sogdian script
impv. = imperative sg. = singular
inf. = infinitive Sogd. = Sogdian (‘see Sogd.’ = see Part 1 of this
inj. = injunctive dictionary)
interrog. = interrogative subj. = subjunctive
intro = introduction s.v(v). = under the word(s)
irr. = irrealis Syr. = Syriac (‘see Syr.’ = see Part 2 of this
itr. = intransitive dictionary)
Jn = John Thess = Thessalonians
lit. = literally Tim = Timothy
Lk = Luke Tit = Titus
loc. = locative tr. = transitive
m. = masculine v = verso
mid. = middle vb. = verb
MS(S) = manuscript(s) voc. = vocative
Symbols and conventions
* An asterisk preceding a word indicates a hypothetical (corrected, unattested or partially

reconstructed) form; an asterisk after a text-reference, sometimes reinforced by the warning
‘rest.!’ = ‘restored!’, indicates that a significant part of the form in question is restored or
illegible. (The asterisk is omitted in cases where the relevant word or passage is cited with
full apparatus of brackets and parentheses as in the edition.)
[d] = form deleted by the scribe or a later corrector.
[m] = marginal addition.
- A hyphen marks forms divided in the manuscript but to be treated as a single word. At the
end of a Sogdian form cited as a lemma, it indicates a light stem.
† An obelisk marks forms considered to be non-existent (wrongly read or restored).
~ = ‘translating’ or ‘corresponding to’.
≈ = approximate correspondence, e.g. where the construction of the sentence is substantially
different in Syriac and Sogdian.
(–) = the Sogdian form has no known Syriac equivalent.
(!) An exclamation mark draws attention to a correspondence or translation which appears
surprising or incorrect.
• A bullet stands for a letter which has not been read.
<> indicates words or letters secondarily inserted in the MS as a correction.
() indicates (i) letters whose reading is uncertain and (ii) letters which are sometimes present
and sometimes not, e.g. (q)wn- = qwn- varying with wn- (present stem of the verb ‘to do’).
[] indicates letters which are wholly restored.
√ = root.
→ = cf. the following etymologically related form(s).
Part 1. Sogdian–Syriac–English
Alphabetical order: ⌫ (S ⇡) b (= S ⌘) c d (= S ) f g/ğ h ⇠ k/q l m n p r s ( t/+ w x y z ,

Note that the letters t and ⇤ are treated as equivalent, as are k and q, g and ğ. Doubling of aleph
(but not doubling of other letters) is ignored.
interjection (i) ‘O’ (introducing a vocative or equivalent) E23.217 (~ ⌫w ‘id.’); E26/27v12*; (ii)
‘Oh! Fie!’ (exclamation of disgust) ~ ⌫wh ‘id.’ E23.249.
1
b (Syr. name of a month) ‘Āb’ E26/5v26.
2
⌫b: see ⌫p.
b (Syr. honorific title) ‘Abb#, Father’ E27/91v10; E28/3v10*, 22, 7v21.—For ⌫lh⌫ ⌫b⌫ *dr̈⇠m⌫ see
separate entry.
S ⌫⌘cmp, ⌫⌘c⌫npcyk: see fcmbd, fcmbdcyq.
bnt, 1 bynt, mbnt noun (i) ‘answer, response’: ⌫bynt E14/1v8 (≈ ⇡ny p al ‘to answer’), 2r12 (≈
id.); (ii) ‘(sexual) union’: ⌫bnt E27/14r20*; (iii) ‘converse, intimacy’: ⌫mbnt ~ ⇡nyn⌫ ‘id.’ E28/
14r11*, 21; (iv) ‘occupation, practice; concern, worry’: ⌫bnt E28/11v9 (see Sims-Williams
1988, 151 s.v. ⇡dn⌫); ⌫bynt E26/30r36* (≈ (b p al pass. pt. ‘to be considered (important)’),
also in the phrase bnt d r ‘to have a concern, be occupied’ Lk10.40 E5/91r (~ ⇡ny p al pass.
pt. ‘to be occupied’); E28/1v3 (~ ⇡ny etp el ‘id.’).—Cf. 2⌫bynt.
*1 br / brt vb. ‘to compose, compress’. Only pp. brty ‘composed’: acc. sg. m./n. ⌫brtw as adv.
‘briefly’ E27/57v14 (~ b-kr̈yt⌫ ‘in brief’); E28/12r8 (~ b-psÿqt⌫ ‘id.’); pl. ⌫brt✏t E27/31v21
(with b- ‘to be composed’ ~ qps p al ‘id.’).—Cf. ⌫brt.
2
br / t, S ⌦r / t vb. ‘to bring, fetch’ ~ ⌫ty ap el ‘to bring’ Lk19.27 E5/125v; Ps29.0, 1, 2;
E27/40r12, 111r4; ~ ⇡bd p al ‘to perform’ E28/9v30. Phrase ⌫y br (i) ‘to remember’ ~ ⇡hd
p al ‘id.’ Jn15.20 E5/73v, Jn16.21 E5/79r; E27/104r4*; ~ ⇡hd etp el ‘id.’ E28/7v18; (ii) ‘to
remind’ ~ ⌫ty ap el + ⇡whdn⌫ ‘to remind’, lit. ‘to bring remembrance’ E27/102r23; pres. pt.
(y(⌫)[ ⌫brny]t(?) ~ m⇡hdn̈⌫ ‘remembrancers, reminders’ E28/7r2.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. brt E27/102r23, 111r4; ⌫brt Jn16.21 E5/79r; E27/40r12; E28/52v30,
59A3; 3 pl. pres.(?) ⌫brnt E28/110A2; 3 sg. pres. dur. ⌫brtqn E30/3r7*; 3 sg. #z-impf. dur.
̇
⌫br⌫sq E28/7v18; ⌫br⌫sqn E28/9v30*; 3 sg. impf. ʾbr E26/8v5*; m⌫br E36/2r1, 3r5*; 3 pl. impf.
m⌫brnt E20r9; 3 pl. impf. dur. brntq E27/69v13; 1 pl. opt. ⌫br m E28/17v24; 2 sg. impv. ⌫br
E28; 2 pl. impv. ⌫brt⌫ Lk19.27 E5/125v, Jn15.20 E5/73v; E28/23r19; ⌫brtt E27/104r4*; 3 pl. tr.
pret. ⌫⌫ d⌫rnt E29/6v9; past inf. ⌫⌫ t E29/4v3; S 2 pl. impv. ⌫⌫⌘r⌫ Ps29.1, 2; 3 pl. tr. pret.
⌫⌫ t⌫rnt Ps29.0. Pres. pt. brny: pl. ⌫brnyt(?) E28/7r2*.
br mnty m. ‘bringing’. Only in phrase ⌫y br mnty ‘remembrance, recollection’ ~ ⇡whdn⌫ ‘id.’
E27/61v28f*; E28/12v.
—Forms: br⌫mnt✏ E27/61v18, 19; ⌫br⌫mnty E28; E31r9; acc. sg. (br⌫)[mntw] E27/61v28f;
abl. sg. ⌫br⌫mnt⌫ E27/31v1; E28/12v7, 14r18; pl. ⌫br⌫mnt✏t E28/13B9.
br z / br zt vb. (i) ‘to become angry’: 3 sg. impf. br⌫z E27/68v20 (~ ⇡zz etpa al ‘to be strongly
moved’), 69r17 (~ gwzl quad.refl. ‘to be incensed’); (ii) ‘to be lit up’, only in pp. * br zty ‘lit
up, shining’: f. ⌫br⌫zc E27/55r21 (with b- ‘to be lit up’ ~ zhy etpa al ‘to shine’).—Cf. *⌫bry,.
br ztr compar. adj. ‘more enraged’ E27/23r7.
br ty adj. ‘paralysed, crippled’ ~ yby(⌫ ‘withered, crippled’ E23.140; ~ m(ry⌫ ‘paralysed’
E26/27v21.
22 Part 1. Sogdian–Syriac–English
brhm m. PN ‘Abraham’: ⌫brhm Lk1.55 E5/5v*; Lk1.73 E5/6v; E26/31r4; E28/44r3*; E36/2r1;
obl. ⌫brhmy Gal3.29 E6/3r.
br⌫hr GN ‘Abarshahr’ E24c3.30*.
brt noun ‘summary’ E26/23r9*(?).—Cf. *1⌫br.
S ⌫⌫⌘rywn: see ⌫frywn.
* bry⇡ vb. ‘to light, set on fire’(?): 3 pl. opt. ⌫(br)[y,y]nt E27/23v10 (~ dlq ap el ‘id.’).—Cf.
⌫br⌫z.
brz, ⌘mbrz noun ‘visitation, ministration, agency’: E27/31r8 (b ⌫nyq ⌫brz ‘divine agency’ ~
mprnsnwt⌫ ‘providence’). Phrase brz/⌘mbrz br- ‘to visit, look after’ ~ s⇡r p al ‘id.’: Mt25.36
E5/126r, Lk1.68 E5/6r, Lk1.78 E5/6v; E27/126r29.
—Forms: ⌫brz Mt25.36 E5/126r; E27/31r8, Ar29; ⌧mbrz Lk1.68 E5/6r. Combined: ⌧ḅrzbr
Lk1.78 E5/6v.
brzbry or brzqry f. ‘agency, business’: obl. ⌫(br)zb(ry⌫-)[ or ⌫(br)zq(ry⌫-)[ E27/77r7 (≈ s⇡wr⌫
‘agent’).
⌫bt⌫, ⌫b+myq: see bt⌫, btmyq.
̈
bt t num. ‘seventy’ ~ (b⇡yn ‘id.’ E23.167.
S ⌫⌘tky(pw: see ⌫ftqy(pw.
bwn db⌫my (Syr.) ‘Our Father which art in heaven, Paternoster’ E9/1v10f; E27/57v1.
S ⌫⌘y-⌫tk⌫rc: see by⌫tq⌫rc.
1
⌫bynt: see ⌫bnt.
2
bynt / bst, byst, byst, mbyst vb. (i) ‘to attach, join’ (tr.) E28/5v19 (~ nqp ap el ‘id.’);
E26/25r22 (⌫⌫bystd⌫rnt ( )ryw ‘have attached themselves’ ~ kdn p al pass. pt. ‘to be yoked,
joined’); (ii) ‘to add’ ~ nqp ap el ‘id.’ E28/4r22; (iii) ‘to continue’ ~ nqp ap el ‘id.’ E28/
4v26*; (iv) ‘to attach oneself, be attached, associate (oneself), cleave’ E27/31v24 (~ nqyp ‘(to
be) attached’), 40v10 (~ (wtp quad.refl. ‘to be associated’), 21 (~ lwy etpa al ‘to accompany,
associate (oneself)’); E28/2ar18*(?) (~ nqp p al ‘to cleave, attach oneself’), 7r3* (~ nqp
etpa al ‘id.’), 14r18 (~ y d etpa al ‘to be united’), 16v1; E30/4r9* (~ lwy etpa al, SA Syr.
12). Pp. bsty, bysty, mbysty (i) ‘attached’ ~ nqyp⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31r3, 29, 40v22, 108r7; (ii)
‘occupied’ ~ ⇡ny p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E28/1v2; (iii) ‘constant’ ~ ⌫myn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31r26, 27, v4;
E28.—Cf. ⌫bnt.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫b✏nt E28/16v1; ⌫bynt E28/2ar18*(?), 16v2*, 6; ⌫byntt E28/5v19; 3 pl.
pres. ⌫byntnt E27/31v24, 40v10, 21; 3 sg. pres. dur. ⌫byntq E28/4v26*; 1 pl. pres. dur.
⌫byntymsqn E28/14r18; 3 sg. impf. mbynt E28/4r22; 2 sg. impv. ⌫bynt E28/7r3*; E30/4r9*; 3
pl. tr. pret. ⌫⌫bystd⌫rnt E26/25r22. Pp. bsty, bysty, mbysty: ⌫bsty E27/31r29, 108r7; ⌫bysty
E28; ⌫mbysty E28/14r8, 25*, 26*; nom. sg. n.(?) ⌫bst↵ E27/40v22; acc. sg. ⌫bstw E27/31r26,
v4; f. obl. ⌫bscy E27/31r27; ⌫byscy E28/52r22*; pl. ⌫bst✏t E27/31r3; ⌫byst t E28/108A2*;
⌫mbyst t E28/11v8.
byrm m. PN ‘Abiram’ E26/16r1, 10*.
⌫byst, ⌫⌫byst: see 2⌫bynt.
⌫b,⌫w: see b,⌫w.
̇
c, c, ⇣dc, S ↵cw n. ‘something, thing’: ⌫⌫c E26/3v16*; E29/5r4; ʾc E26/30r34; ⌫c E23.151;
E26/30r32 (~ mdm ‘id.’); dc E27/31v22 (~ id., used as adj. ‘some, some kind of’); S ⌫⌫cw
Ps19.10 (~ id.).—Cf. 1⌫yc.
1
d s / d t vb. ‘to marvel, be amazed’ ~ tmh p al ‘id.’: 3 pl. impf. md⌫snt E27/22v17; E28/10r15*.
Pp. d ty ‘amazed’: pl. ⌫d⌫t✏t E27/65v29.
2
d s noun ‘amazement, wonder’ E28/13A14.
d w / dwt vb. ‘to anoint’: 3 sg. impf. md⌫w E26/12v35. Pp. dwty ‘anointed’ E28/118A6 (~
m(y ⌫ ‘id.’, see BT XLII, 245).
S ⌫⌫⌫y: see ⌫dy.
⌫dc, S ⌫⌫cw: see ⌫c.
dm, dm m. PN ‘Adam’: ⌫⌫dm E26/27r9; ⌫dm E26/26r13; E27/51v12, 13; E36/1r3, 2r14; obl.
dmy 57v24; ⌫dmy E27/51v14. Combined: w⌫dm E27/52v13.
dmy m. ‘limb, organ’ ~ hdm⌫ ‘limb’ 1Cor12.14 E6/20r; E27; E28/5v10*; ~ rg(⌫ ‘sense, sense-
organ’ E27/31r7, v21.
—Forms: ⌫dmy 1Cor12.14 E6/20r; E27/27v19*; E28/11r3; pl. ⌫dm✏t E27; ⌫dmyt E27/22r8*,
10; E28/5v10*; obl. pl. ⌫dmyty E27/27r4.
dn (unknown word) E28/26B10.
⇣dpnty, dpnty m. ‘rainbow’: ⌫⌫dpnty E26/5v12; dpnty E26/5v13 (~ q(t⌫ ‘(rain)bow’).
drxwrmzt, dwrxwrmzt, drxwrmzd m. PN ‘Ādurhormazd’: ⌫drxwrmzd E27/6r14*; drxwrmzt
E27/7r23*, 7v20*; ⌫drxwrmzt E27/7r24*, 7v21*; ⌫dwrxwrmzt E27/26r8.
S ⌫⌫wr⌫ykcyk: see *⌫+wryqcyq.
dwrprzqrt, drprzqrt m. PN ‘Ādurfr#zgerd’: ⌫drprzqrt E27/12v6*; ⌫dwrprzqrt E27/12v5*, 7.
dwrsrw⌫ m. PN ‘Ādursr⌦(’ E27/13r26.
⌫dwty: see ⌫d⌫w.
dy, dy, S ↵ y m. ‘someone, anyone, one, person’ ~ ⌫n( ‘id.’ E5+; with neg. ‘no-one’ ~ ⌫n( + l⌫
‘id.’ Jn16.22 E5/79r; E23.76, A30; E27/13v18, 60v10; E28/4v27f.—Often indicates that a
preceding adj./dem./num. functions as a noun: wyspw ⌫dy ‘everyone’ ~ kln( ‘id.’ E5+; ~
klhwn ⌫n(⌫ ‘all people’ E29/8v10*; ~ kl ‘all’ Mt13.19 E5/109r; ~ ⌫n( ‘(each) person’ Jn16.32
E5/79v; rarely with inflected forms of wysp-: wyspn⌫ ⌫d-y ‘everyone’ E27/13r17 ~ kl; wyspy
⌫d-y E27/57v16; wyspy⌫dy E27/Hr2; yw yw ⌫d✏ ‘each person’ ~ ⌫n( ⌫n( ‘id.’ Mt16.27 E5/127r*;
xwny ⌫dy (...) qt/q /q✏t ‘that person who’ ~ mn d- ‘he/him who’ E5; ~ ⌫yn⌫ d- ‘id.’ Mt10.22
E5/75v*, Jn1.33 E5/19v*; E28/2ar11; ~ h↵ d- ‘id.’ Lk19.24 E5/125v*; E28/9r26; xyd ⌫d-y qy
‘that person who’ ~ h h↵ d- ‘he who’ E27/60v6; [xy](d) ⌫d✏ [qt] ‘of that person who’ ~ d-
h↵ d- ‘of that (person) who’ Jn9.18 E5/100v; x⌫nt ⌫d✏t qt ‘those people who’ ~ ⌫ylyn d- ‘those
who’ Lk24.33 E5/73r; dywnt ⌫dyty ... qy/qyt ‘of those people who’ ~ d-⌫ylyn (...) d- ‘of those
who’ E27/104r10; E28/3r25f; prywyd ⌫dw qy ‘for that person who’ ~ b-h↵ d- ‘for that (per-
son) who’ E27/31r10; rft/ rf ⌫dyt ‘many people’ ~ sgÿ⌫⌫ ‘many (people)’ Lk1.1 E4; E27/23r5,
104r14f; E28/2ar15, 3r10*; pnt ⌫d✏ ‘neighbour, friend’ ~ qryb⌫ ‘id.’, lit. ‘(one who is) near’
Lk10.36 E5/91r; nyw ⌫⌫dy/⌫dy ‘someone else’ E26/3r25, 12v6; E30/5r9, 21; pl. nyt dyt✏
‘other people’ ~ ⌫ r̈n⌫ ‘others’ E27/31r13; n tt ⌫dyty ~ sgÿ⌫⌫ ‘many’ E28/1v13f; xyp+ dyty
‘(his) own people’ ~ dylh ‘his own (people)’ E27/60r16; zprt ⌫dy ‘holy one, saint’ ~ qdy(⌫ ‘id.’
E27; E28; ~ *wbn⌫ ‘blessed (one)’ E27/27r14; b ⌫nyqt zprt ⌫dyty ‘holy ones of God’ ~ lbÿ(y
⌫lh⌫ ‘(those) clothed in God’ E28/12v16; fwx⌫r ⌫dy ‘blessed one, saint’ ~ *wbn⌫ E27/68v23,
69v16; E28/5r27*; nq-ynt ⌫d-yt ‘victorious ones, martyrs’ ~ n)ÿ ⌫ ‘id.’ E27/68v11.—The
position of ⌫dy in the phrase ⌫dy ywtr ‘some one, a certain person’ E26/30r19 (~ d ‘one’)
suggests that it here functions as an adj. ‘some’.
—Forms: ⌫⌫dy E26; E29; dy E27/23r11, 31r22, 94r4; d-y E27/13v18; ⌫dy, ⌫d✏ E5+; ⌫d-y E27;
acc. sg. dw E27/40r10, 60r16, 68v23; ⌫dw E27/39r9; abl. sg. ⌫d⌫ E28/2ar12, 14; obl. ⌫d✏ E5;
⌫dy✏ E28/9v31; ⌫dy-y E28/18v30; pl. ⌫d✏t Lk1.1 E4; Lk24.33 E5/73r; ⌫d-yt E27/68v11;
E28/90A28; ⌫d t E28/22A3; dyt E27/23r5, 25r6; ⌫dyt E27; E28; E31v4*, 18; obl. pl. dyt✏
E27/31r13; dyty E27/60r16, 104r10; ⌫d✏t E28/18r21; ⌫d-yty E27/48v3, 91v4; ⌫dyty E27; E28;
S pl. ⌫⌫⌫yt Ps5.6*, 7*. Combined: ⌫dys⌫ E19r1*; E34v13; wyspy⌫d-y E27/Hr2.
dyq noun ‘custom, habit, manner’ ~ ⇡yd⌫ ‘custom, habit’: ⌫dyq Rom6.3 E32/1r (–); E27/31v6 (≈
⇡wd ap el pass. pt. ‘habitual, customary’); E28/2av11, 3r19, 25, 5v21 (≈ kwn ap el pass. pt.
‘natural’), 7v22* ([⌫dy]q ~ zn⌫ ‘manner’?), 12v11 (–); pl. ⌫d(y)[q]t E27/31v30 (~ ⇡ÿd⌫ ‘habits’).
* dyqcyq adj. ‘habitual, customary’ E28/2ar1* (~ d-⇡yd⌫ ‘by habit’), 5v18* (~ ⇡wd ap el pass. pt.
‘habitual, customary’).
dyqmyc adj. ‘id.’ E27/61v22 (≈ ⇡yd⌫ ‘habit’).
⌫dys⌫ = ⌫dy + s⌫r.
dysn noun ‘example’: ⌫d✏sn E27/57r6 (~ *wps⌫ ‘id.’); ⌫dysn E27/31r14 (~ p m⌫ ‘comparison,
analogy’), 51v18.
frym m. PN ‘Ephraem’ E8r7.
* fryn / fryt vb. ‘to bless’. Only pp. fryty ‘blessed’: ⌫fryty E28/9r28, 10r27; f. ⌫fryc E28/27r28*;
voc. pl. [⌫](fr) t✏t✏ Mt25.34 E5/126r (~ brk p al pass. pt. ‘id.’).
frytystr compar. adj. ‘more blessed’ E27/51v14.
frywn, frywn, S ⌦rywn noun ‘blessing’. The verb *⌫fryn ‘to bless’ is not used, its meaning
being expressed by various phrases with ⌫frywn: frywn ptwyd ‘to offer blessing’ ~ brk pa el
‘to bless’ Lk1.64 E5/6r; E27/55v24; frywn + (q)wn-/qt- ‘to perform a blessing’ ~ brk pa el
Lk24.30 E5/72v; E26/31v1; ~ tny p al + symyd⌫ ‘to recite the laying on of hands’ E24c3.23; S
⌦rywn ⌦r- ‘to bestow blessing (upon)’ ~ brk pa el Ps5.13. Phrases with ⌫frywn are also used
to translate brk etpa al ‘to be blessed’: frywn pcx⌫- ‘to receive a blessing’ E26/28v11;
[ f](r)ywn pty p s ‘to partake of a blessing’ E26/28v16; similar cases are probably
E26/28v20f, 32r5f, 9, but in these only the noun ⌫⌫frywn(y) is preserved. The phrase pr
frywn, lit. ‘in blessing’, is used as a predic. adj. ‘blessed’: Lk1.68 E5/6r (~ brk pa el pass. pt.
‘id.’); E26/24r25* (≈ brk etpa al ‘to be blessed’); E27/51r15, 54r24 (x2), 28, 65r24* (~ brk
p al pass. pt. ‘blessed’).
—Forms: ⌫⌫frywn E10/1r4, v2; E26; ⌫frywn E22.2*; E24c3.23, 38; E26; E27; E28/23r24; obl.
⌫⌫frywny E26/28v20f; S ⌫⌫⌘rywn Ps5.13; ⌫⌫⌘ry-wn 20222bR4.
frywncyq adj. ‘blessed’ E26/31v5 (≈ bwrkt⌫ ‘blessing’).
f⌫n qc (or x⌫n qc?) noun ‘trepidation’ ~ rhybwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/1v9.—Cf. f(n-.
ftqy⌫pw, S ⌦tky⌫pw noun ‘(habitable) earth, world’: ⌫ftqy(pw E26/23v3* (≈ ⌫r̈⇡n⌫ ‘dwellers on
earth’?), 24r15* (⌫ftqy(pw n⌫f ‘the people of the world’ ~ tbyl ‘(habitable) earth’); S ⌫⌘tky(pw
Ps24.1* (~ tbyl).
⌫ ⌫c: see 2⌫ ty.
m, m, m(?) noun ‘holy day, festival, feast’ ~ ywm⌫ ‘day (of Epiphany, the Passion, etc.)’
E27/55r16*, 19 (x2); ~ dwkrn⌫ ‘memorial (of the coming down of the Holy Spirit)’
E27/55r26; ~ ⇡⌫d⌫ ‘festival’ E27/55r19 (3rd occurrence), 94v3. In 1Cor5.8 E6/7r the translation
⌫ ⌫mt ⌫ ⌫m ‘feast of feasts’ for ⇡d⇡d⌫ ‘festival’ seems to be an attempt to reproduce the
reduplicated ⇡d-⇡d-, cf. Sundermann 1981, 187 n. 193.
—Forms: ⌫ ⌫m 1Cor5.8 E6/7r; E29/5r5; E42B7*, 9*; ⌫⌫ m E26/46A1*(?); ⌫ m E27; obl. ⌫ ⌫my
E26/23r4, 5 (⌧ ⌫my); ⌫ my E27/55r19, 94v3; obl. pl. ⌫ ⌫mt 1Cor5.8 E6/7r.
*⇣ ry (or *⇣ rty) adj. ‘clear, bright, radiant’: f. ⌫rc E27/68r27 (~ p)y ⌫ ‘id.’, see BT XII, 149).
1
z, z, S ẓ m. ‘beginning’ ~ (wry⌫ ‘id.’ E27/40r21; E28/3v12[m]. Phrases: ⇣ z wn- ‘to
make a beginning’ ~ (ry pa el ‘to begin’ E27/31v20; cn zy, cn z mrts r, S cn ẓ
mrts r ‘from/since the beginning’ ~ mn br(yt ‘id.’ E26/26r12, 27r29*; ~ mn qdym ‘formerly’
E26/27v15; ~ mn ⇡lm ‘from eternity’ Ps24.9*; similarly cn fcmpd ⌫z pyr-s⌫ (recte

*pyrnms⌫) ‘from before the beginning of the world’ ~ mn tr̈myth d-⇡lm⌫ ‘from the foundation
of the world’ Jn17.24 E5/83r; [cn] fcmbd ⌫ ⌫z m(r)[ts⌫r] ‘since the beginning of the world’ ~
mn ⇡lm E26/26r21f. In a spatial rather than a temporal sense: S [cn] sm n ẓ ‘from the
beginning of heaven’ ~ mn sw⇤y (my⌫ ‘from the borders of heaven’ Ps19.7.
—Forms: ⌫z E27/31v20, 40r21; ⌫ ⌫z E26/26r22, 27r29*; E27/57v19; E28/3v12[m], 20r8*;
⌫⌫ ⌫z E29/1v2, 4r7; obl. ⌫z Jn17.24 E5/83r; ⌫ ⌫z E28/13B6; ⌫⌫ ⌫zy E26/26r12, 27v15; S ⌫⌫ ⌫ẓ
Ps19.7, 24.9.
2
z / ⌫t, ⌫t vb. ‘to begin’ (often + past inf.) ~ (ry pa el ‘id.’ E23.186; E24c1.31; E26; E27;
E28/5r25, 7v10.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫zt E27; ⌫ ⌫zt E28/7v10; 3 pl. pres. ⌫znt E27/31v21; 3 sg. fut. ⌫ ⌫ztq⌫n
E26/2v29*; E28/16v14; 3 sg. impf. ⌫z, ⌫ ⌫z E27; m⌫ ⌫z E28/6r3; 3 pl. impf. ⌫znt E27/
23r12*; ⌫ ⌫znt E26/12v17*; E27; m⌫ ⌫znt E26/16r11; 3 sg. impf. mid.(?) ⌫zt E27/94r19 (more
likely pres., see Sims-Williams 1996, 178-9 n. 17); 3 sg. subj. ⌫ ⌫żṭ E28/13A10; 1 sg. tr. pret.
⌫ (d⌫rm E28/5r25; 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌫⌫ (d⌫rt E26/25r15f*, 27v5; E29/6r19; ⌫ (d⌫rt E23.186; ⌫ (t⌫t
E24c1.31; 3 pl. tr. pret. ⌫⌫ (d⌫rnt E26/30r32, v16; ⌫ (d⌫rnt E23.31; ⌫ (+⌫rn+ E24c3.35; ⌫⌫ (td⌫rnt
E26/30r29.
⇣ zcyq adj. ‘initial’ ~ (rwy⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31r28.
⌫ c: see 2⌫ ty.
dy m. ‘wish’ E29/6r12.
⌫ m, ⌫⌫ m: see ⌫ ⌫m.
r m vb. ‘to slander, accuse’: 3 pl. impf. ṃ̇ r⌫mnt E28/9v31 (≈ q*rg quad.refl. ‘to be accused’);
m r⌫mnt E27/68v13 (≈ ⌫kl etp el + qr̈)⌫ ‘id.’).
rbn f. ‘pincers, fork’ ~ klbt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/60v3, 7.
rtqy f. ‘splendour’ ~ zhywt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/77v5*.
⌫ (t, ⌫⌫ (t: see 2⌫ ⌫z.
⌫ t, ⌫ +, ⌫⌫ t, S ⌫⌫ t: see 2⌫br, ⌫ys.
1
ty as predic. adj. (i) ‘equal, capable, able’: ⌧ ty E18r3* (~ m)y p al pass. pt. ‘able’); E26/3r18;
⌫ t E27/13v18 (~ id.); E28/74r2(?), 65v13 (~ (k ap el pt. ‘id.’); (ii) ‘equable’: E30/4r17
(⌫ ty pcprty ‘equable (and) settled’ ~ ‘gentle and tranquil’, SA Arm. B 8).—See BT XII, 57.
2
ty, γ̈t , S ty adj. ‘whole’ ~ kl ‘all, whole’ E23.236, A14; E26/26v18; E27/17r2, 120r3*;
E28/7r17; E29/1r8 (cf. Lk10.27), 9 (cf. id.). Phrase S ty ⌦cmp↵ ‘the whole world’ Ps19.1*
~ kl ‘all, every(thing)’.
—Forms: ⌫γ̈t⌫ E26/23r5*, 28r10; ⌫ ty E23.236, A14; E26/15v11, 26v18; E28/7r17; E29; acc.
sg. m. ⌫ tw E27/120r3*; f. ⌫ ⌫c E27/17r2; ⌫ c E26/8r9; E29/4v6, 19; S ⌫ ty Ps19.1.
wnt vb. ‘to cover, overshadow’: 3 sg. impf. m⌫ wnt Mt17.5 E5/127v (~ ṭll ap el ‘id.’).
y⇠ noun ‘partner’ E30/4v14.
y⇠y f. ‘partnership’ E27/Hv2.
⌫ y,: see ⌫xy,.
⌫ z, ⌫ z⌫mnty: see ⌫xz, ⌫xz⌫mnty.
hrwn m. PN ‘Aaron’: ⌫hrwn E28/23r2; obl. ⌫hrwn-y E28/23r4.
̇
⇣hyḣ ʾṧr hyḣ (Hebrew) ‘I am who I am’ E26/31r1.
⌫⇠ry: see knwn ⌫⇠ry.
q c, q c noun ‘sky, atmosphere’: ⌫q⌫c E29/2v2; obl. ⌫⌫q⌫cy E26/27r33 (~ ⌫⌫r ‘air’).
S ⌫krt-: see b-.
S ⌫krt⌫y Ps6.1, *⌫krt⌫ny: see qt⌫ny.

⇣qs⇢y m. ‘overseer’ ~ dwq⌫ ‘id.’ E27/55r13[m].
qt conj. ‘if’, introducing an unreal condition ~ ⌫lw ‘id.’ (cf. Nöldeke 1898, §375): Jn9.33
E5/101v, Jn14.28 E2/1r*, 1Cor12.17 E6/20r (x2), 1Cor12.19 E6/20v.
⇣qwc vb. ‘to suspend’ ~ tly p al ‘id.’: 3 pl. impf. qwcnt E27/27r25.
lh (Syr.) ‘God’ E29/1r8. There is no obvious reason why the Syriac word (usually translated as
b -) is left untranslated here.
lh b *dr̈ m (MS r̈r̈⇠m⌫!) (Syr.) ‘God, Father of mercy’ E21v4.
lksndr f. PN ‘Alexandra’ E23.317.
S lp m. PN ‘Alp’ MIK III/365.2.
ly m. PN ‘Elijah’: ⌫ly⌫ Mt17.3 E5/127v, Jn1.21 E5/19r; E27; obl. ⌫ly⌫y Mt17.4 E5/127v*.
lyqym m. PN ‘Eliakim’ Mt1.13 E1/1v.
ly⌫ m. PN ‘Elisha’ E28/23r15.
m ty, m✓ty adj. ‘ready, prepared’. Only as predic. adj. with x-, swq- or b- ‘to be ready’ ~ *yb
pa el pass. pt. ‘to be ready’ Mt25.41 E5/126v; E27/39v13*; E28/12v2; ~ *yb etpa al ‘id.’
E23.210f; ~ n*r p al pass. pt. ‘to be kept, be reserved’ E28/7v4; perhaps ~ nqy p al pass. pt.
‘to be eager, be ready’ E27/12r12 (see BT XII, 55).
—Forms: m⌫ty E27/39v13, 51v27, 28; ⌫m⌫ty E23.210; E27/Cv1*; E28; ⌫mt✏ Mt25.41 E5/
126v; f. m⌫c E27/12r12, 51v6; pl. ⌫m⌫t✏t E28/12v2.
S ⌫⌫m⌫y-k: see ⌫myq.
mb r noun ‘fill, satiation’ E29/5v17*.
⌫mbnt: see ⌫bnt.
⌫mbrt-xw⌫r: see ⌫mprt-xw⌫r.
⌧mbrz: see ⌫brz.
mbrwd vb.(?) ‘to be healed’(?): 3 sg. pres.(?) ⌫mbrwdt E28/13B15.
⌫mbst: see ⌫mbst-ry,y, ⌫mpt.
mbst-ry⇡y adj. ‘disappointed, unsuccessful’: voc. sg. m. ⌫mbst-ry,⌫ E26/16r15*.
⌫mbt: see ⌫mpt.
⌫mbyst: see 2⌫bynt.
̇
mng, mng adj. ‘true’, adv. ‘truly’: ʾmng E26/1r20; ⌫mng E26/30v25 (~ (ryr⌫ ‘true’); ⌫⌫mng
E26/25r9 (~ (ryr⌫yt ‘truly’), v17* (~ d-(rr⌫ ‘of truth’), 20, 31v13 (~ (ryr⌫yt?); E29/4r19, 23.
S mnkcyk adj. ‘true’ ~ (ryr⌫ ‘true’ Creed 4; ~ d-(rr⌫ ‘of truth’ Creed 11.
⌫mpd: see ⌫mpt.
mprt adv. ‘fully’. Only in the phrase mprt xwr- ‘to eat one’s fill’ ~ sb⇡ p al ‘to become full, be
satiated’ E27/94v6*, 12; E28/57v2 (–).
mprt-xw r, mbrt-xw r adj. ‘eating one’s fill, well-fed, satiated’: ⌫mbrt-xw⌫r E26/5v24 (≈ sb⇡⌫
‘plenty’); ⌫mprt-xw⌫r E27/94v8 (with b- ‘to become full, be satiated’~ sb⇡ p al ‘id.’).
mprt-xw ry f. ‘eating one’s fill, satiety’ ~ sb⇡⌫ ‘plenty’ E27/94v23.
mpstqy f. ‘fall, falling’ E26/29v5.
1
mpt, mbt, mpd / mpst, mbst, mst vb. ‘to fall, fall down; to occur; to dive’ ~ npl p al ‘to fall,
occur’ E5; E23.124, 150; E26/6A5 (?—see Or. 2084, f. 27v, cited in Sims-Williams 1995b,
297 n. 42); E27; E28/8r17*, 14r15; ~ (bq etp el ‘to be left’(!) E28/1r21.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫mpt E28/19r3; ⌫mptt E27/104r3; E28/1r21, 85r30; 3 pl. pres. ⌫mptnt E27/
31v16; E28/24A16; 3 sg. pres. dur. ⌫mpdtqn E28/14r15; 3 pl. pres. dur. ⌫mptntq E28/8r17*(?);
2 sg. fut. ⌫mptysq⌫n(!) E26/1r17; 3 sg. fut. ⌫mbtq⌫n E26/6A5*; ⌫mptq⌫ E27/31r28; ⌫mptq⌫n E26/
14r3*; E28/16r12; 3 sg. opt. mid. *⌫mptyty E28/93A4 (MS ⌫mpyty); 3 sg. subj. ⌫mpdt Mt5.30
E5/28r*, Mt10.29 E5/76r*; ⌫mptt E26/14r1*; 2 sg. impv. ⌫mpt E27/13r21; 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫mbst
E26/24v29; ⌫mpst Lk10.36 E5/91r, Lk13.4 E5/34r, Jn9.38 E5/101v; E29/6r20; ⌫mst E23.150;
E24c3.67; 3 sg. f. itr. pret. ⌫mpst⌫ E23.124.
2
mpt noun ‘fall, falling’: pl. ⌫mptt ~ m̈plt⌫ ‘fallings’ E28/12r7.
mpwzn noun ‘wile, snare’ E26/29v9* (~ km⌫n⌫ ‘ambush, wile’ or possibly ~ p ⌫ ‘snare’);
E28/96A3.
⌫mpyty E28/93A4: mistake for ⌫mptyty, see 1⌫mpt.
mr⇠, mr⇠ noun ‘companion, fellow’ ~ br⌫ ‘id.’ E23.78; E27/40r6, 104v13*; ~ knt⌫ ‘id.’ Col1.7
E32/2r.
—Forms: ⌫⌫mr+ Col1.7 E32/2r; E26/2v17; mr+ E27/104v13*; ⌫mr+ E30/3r12; obl. ⌫mr+y E28/
18r23, 25B11; pl. ⌫mr+t E23.78; obl. pl. mr+ty E27/40r6, 51r7.
* mrwd (?) f. ‘medicine’: pl.(?) ⌫mrwd⌫t E30/4v17* (MS ⌫mr(w)⌫t or ⌫mr(d)⌫t?) (~ ⌫sywt⌫ ‘healing,
medicine’?—see Nau 1920, 4, line 20).
ms , ms f. ‘attention’. Only in the phrase ms / ms qwn-/wn- ‘to pay attention, observe,
consider, take note’ ~ bqy etpa al ‘to observe’ E28/5v27*, 7v16*.1
̇
—Forms: ⌫⌫ms⌫ E26/1v8, 3v24; E29/5v14, 6v14; ʾms⌫ E26/7v4*; ⌫ms⌫ E27/51v26; E28.
⌫mst: see ⌫mpt.
⌫mty: see ⌫m⌫ty.
mwn m. PN ‘Amon’ E27/94v25.
̇
myq, S m y-k noun ‘taint, infection, impurity’: ʾmyq E28/36r13; ⌫myq E27/51v4; S obl. pl.
⌫⌫m⌫y-kty 12600IIr10.—Cf. pw-⌫⌫myq.
myn, S myn, myn (Syr.) ‘amen’: ⌫myn E22.3*; E24c1.11; E26/30r14*; E27; E28; E29/6v3; S
⌫⌫myn Hymn 9 (~ ⌫myn w-⌫myn ‘amen and amen’); U6109r3 (Reck 2018, 54); ⌫myn ⌫myn
Khum 1.
myn w myn, S myn w myn (Syr.) ‘amen and amen’: ⌫myn w⌫myn E26/23r13; MIK III/365.4; S
⌫⌫myn w⌫myn 12720r[m] (Reck 2018, 21).
S n⌦ x⌫[ noun ‘distribution’(?) 20227v17*.
nc n noun ‘cessation’. Only obl. nc ny as predic. adj. ‘ceasing, idle’ ~ b*yl ‘id.’: ⌫nc⌫n E28/
11r16 (–); ⌫nc⌫ny E27/68v16; E28/2av12, 15.—Cf. pw-⌫nc⌫n.
̈ ̈
nc nw dy, nc nwʾd m. ‘resting-place’: ⌫nc⌫nwʾd⌫ E26/24r11; ⌫nc⌫nw⌫dy E26/24r10 (~ byt nw ⌫
‘place of rest’).
nc y, 1 ncy / nc t vb. (i) ‘to cease, stop’ ~ (ly p al ‘to cease’ Col1.9 E32/2; E27/27v18; ~ ⇡nd p al
‘to depart, fail’ E27/65r29; ~ pw( p al ‘to cease, desist (from)’ E27/31r27; (ii) ‘to stay, reside’
~ (ry p al ‘to dwell’ E23.174; E26/31r29; E27/12v1*, 87r7; cf. also E26/28r23 (⌫nc⌫yt (ZY
m)[yn](⌫)[t] ‘may stop and dwell’ ~ id.); ~ pw( p al ‘to stay, remain’ Lk24.29 E5/72v.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫nc⌫yt E27/27v18 (not impf. mid., see Sims-Williams 1996, 178-9 n. 17);
⌫n-cyt E27/31r27; 1 pl. pres. dur. ⌫ncymsq Col1.9 E32/2; 3 sg. fut. ⌫nc⌫ytq⌫n E26/2v13*, 14*; 3
sg. impf. mnc⌫y E27/65r29; 3 sg. opt. ⌫nc⌫y⌫- E27/87r7; 3 pl. opt. dur. ⌫nc⌫yntq E26/9r5; 3 sg.
subj. ⌫nc⌫yt E26/28r23; 2 sg. impv. ⌫nc⌫ẏ Lk24.29 E5/72v; 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫nc⌫t E26/31r29. Pp.
nc ty ‘dwelling, residing’ E23.174; E27/12v1*.
1
Here the verb wn- is omitted by mistake.
ncmn, S ncmn noun (i) ‘community, congregation’ ~ qw*n⌫ ‘common people, laity’ E28/14v12;
(ii) ‘church, the Church’ ~ ⇡dt⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E28/9r22*, 14v18*; Creed 12. Obl. ⌫ncmny ‘of the
Church’ ~ ⇡dtny⌫ ‘ecclesiastical’ E27/57r24.
—Forms: ⌫ncmn E26/23r12; E27/54r24, 55r29; E28/9r22*, 14v12; obl. ⌫ncmny E27; E28/
14v18*; obl. pl. ⌫ncmnty E27/54r23; S ⌫ncmn Creed 12.
2
* ncy noun ‘cessation’: ⌫nc(y)[ ~ b*ln⌫ ‘cessation from labour, idleness’ E28/2ar7.
ncyr, yncyr noun ‘fig’: ⌫ncyr E26/10v6 (⌫ncyr wn- ‘fig tree’ ~ t⌫t⌫ ‘id.’, MS C, f. 117a, line 10),
12v35*; ⌫yncyr E36/2r15 (⌫yncyr wn- ‘id.’ ~ t⌫n̈⌫ ‘fig trees’, Gen3.7), 3v10f* (⌫yncyr wn- ~ tt⌫
pkyht⌫ ‘sycamore’, lit. ‘insipid fig tree’, Lk19.4).
ndr̈ ws m. PN ‘Andrew’ Lk6.14 E5/91v.
⌫ndwxs: see 2⌫ntwxs.
ndy⌫ vb. ‘to show’: 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌫nd✏(d⌫rt Mt13.24 E5/109v (~ mtl ap el ‘to tell (a parable)’);
dur. pt. ⌫nd✏(✏q Lk24.28 E5/72v (~ sbr ap el ‘to make as if, make to appear’).
ngm n, * ngm ny, S nkm n adv. ‘openly’ (i) as postp. ‘before, in the presence of’: ⌫ngm⌫n ~ l-
⇡yn ‘in the sight of, before’ E23.236; [mn⌫ ⌫ngm⌫]ny(?) ‘before my eyes’ ~ mn qdm ⇡ÿny ‘id.’
E27/126r25 (see BT XLV, 137); (ii) in phrase ryt ngm n ‘openly’(?) E25/3A3*(?); (iii) in
phrase S nkm n kwn- ‘to expose publicly’ ~ kss ap el ‘to show (someone) to be wrong, to
confute’ Ps6.2.
ngm ny✓ f. ‘openness’. Only in the phrase r⌥t ngm ny✓ ‘openly’ ~ ⇡yn b-gl⌫ ‘id.’ Jn16.25 E5/79v.
* ngwpyn, S nkwpyn noun ‘honey’ ~ db(⌫ ‘id.’ Ps19.11*.
ngwdcyw m. PN ‘Angud-,⌃w#’ E22.6*.
S ⌫nkm⌫n: see ⌫ngm⌫n.
S ⌫n(t⌫y: see ⌫(t⌫y.
*⌫n(ybt, S *⌫n(y⌘t: see ⌫(yp.
nt c noun ‘host, company, group’: ⌫nt⌫c E26/23v20, 24 (~ gwd⌫ ‘id.’); E28/8r12* (~ id.);
E29/2v1; pl. ⌫nt⌫ct E29/1v6*; ⌫nt⌫(t E26/31r14 (qrtrt ⌫nt⌫(t ‘orders (and) hosts’ ~ tgm̈⌫ ‘orders
(of angels)’, see BT XLII, 35).
ntqy f. ‘modesty, chastity’: ntqy⌫ E27/12r10 (pr ntqy⌫ ‘with modesty’ ~ nkp⌫yt ‘modestly’),
102r17 (~ nkpwt⌫ ‘modesty’); obl. ⌫ntqy⌫y E28/87B1.
* ntwn m. PN ‘Anthony’: [⌫](nt)wn E27/39r10.
ntwnys m. PN ‘id.’ E27/40r5; E28/130r1.
ntwxc, S ntwxcw noun ‘grief, sadness, sorrow, distress’: ⌫ntwxc Jn16.20 E5/79r (~ krywt⌫
‘id.’); E26/31r21(?) (MS ⌫ntwxs, see 1⌫ntwxs), v33 (~ (⌫ ‘pain’); E27/31v1 (~ (⌫ )rwp⌫ d-
krywt⌫ ‘astringent pain of distress’), 83r1 (~ ⇡qt⌫ ‘grief, distress’), 111r4* (~ krywt⌫);
E28/16r15; E30/5v21; obl. ⌫ntwxcy (~ krywt⌫) E27/108v4*, 5*, 6*. Phrases: ntwxc ny ‘to
distress’ ~ ⇡wq ap el ‘id.’ E27/104v7*, 8; E28/11v16 (–); ntwxc xwr- ‘to be distressed’, lit.
‘to eat distress’ E28/22A12; ntwxc xwyr, S ntwxcw xwyr ‘to distress’, lit. ‘to cause to eat
distress’ E26/1v22*; Ps20.1 (≈ ⌫l) etp el ‘to be distressed’). Cf. also ⌫ntwxc bwt wy⌫ ‘she has
distress, is distressed’ Jn16.21 E5/79r (~ kry⌫ lḣ), ⌫ntwxc st (m⌫xy ‘you have distress, are
distressed’ Jn16.22 E5/79r (~ kry⌫ lkwn); in both cases kry⌫ was probably read kăry#, i.e. kry
p al pass. pt. f. ‘to be distressing to ...’ in an impersonal construction with l- indicating the
experiencer (see Bar Hebraeus cited in TES, 574).
ntwxcn q adj. ‘grieved, sad, unhappy’ ~ (y(⌫ ‘id.’ E27/12r15. Phrases: ntwxcn q b-/qt- or *x-
/m t ‘to be distressed’ ~ ⇡wq ap el pass. pt. ‘id.’ E27/55v19; ~ ⇡wq ettap al ‘id.’ E28/9v10; ~
kry p al ‘to be distressing to ...’ in an impersonal construction with l- indicating the experi-
encer (cf. above on ⌫ntwxc) Jn16.20 E5/79r (tkr⌫ 3 sg. f. impf.); E26/30v17 (kryt 3 sg. f. pf.);
E27/22v10 (kry⌫ pass. pt. f.); ntwxcn q wn- ‘to make distressed’ ~ ⇡wq ap el ‘to distress’
E27/60r22.
—Forms: ⌫ntwxcn⌫q Jn16.20 E5/79r; E26/30v17; E27/12r15, 60r22; E28; E30/5v5; pl.
⌫ntwxcn⌫qt E26/5v1f; E27/22v10, 55v19; E28/11v2.
1
ntwxs noun ‘striving, effort’ E26/31r21 (mistake for ⌫ntwxc?—see BT XXXV, 157).
2
ntwxs, ndwxs vb. ‘to strive’: 1 sg. opt. ⌫ntwxsym E29/5r16*; 2 sg. impv. ⌫ntwxs E26/1v18; 1
sg. tr. pret. ⌫ntwxsd⌫rm E26/2v26*; 3 pl. tr. pret. ⌫ndwxs-d⌫rnd E25/1v17*.
1
ntxs noun ‘refuge’ E26/29v6.
2
ntxs vb. ‘to take refuge’: 3 sg. pres. ⌫ntxst E28/16r25, 26.
̇ ̇
ʾnty xws m. PN ‘Antiochus’: obl. ʾnty⌫-xws E28/9r2.
̈
⌫nw⌫zy, ⌫nwʾz⌫: see ⌫w⌫zy.
⌫nwt: see 2 wt.
ny, ny / nyt, nyt, S ny vb. ‘to lead, fetch, bring, offer’ ~ ⌫ty ap el ‘to cause to come, bring,
fetch’ NT+; Ps29.1*; ~ dbr p al ‘to lead, bring’ E26/30v3*; ~ gwp p al ‘to draw, attract’
E26/31r22. Phrases: pnt ny ‘to bring near’ ~ qrb pa el ‘to cause to approach, bring’ E23.145,
288; ntwxc ny ‘to distress’ ~ ⇡wq ap el ‘id.’ E27/104v7*, 8; E28/11v16 (–); yp q ny ‘to
anger’ E28/11r10(?).
—Forms: 3 sg. impf. ny E27/22r16*; 3 pl. impf. ⌫nynt E27/1v13*(?); 3 sg. opt. ⌫⌫ny
E26/31r22; n✏ E28/11r10(?); 1 pl. opt. nym E27/104v7; 3 sg. opt. dur.(?) ⌫⌫nyysq E26/12v32
(differently ed. and Yoshida 2017, 168); 3 sg. subj. ⌫⌫nỵ̇t E26/26v16; 3 pl. inj. or opt. nynt
E27/1v12*; ⌫n✏nt E27/68v21*; ⌫nynt E23.175; 2 sg. impv. ⌫⌫ny E26/25v26*; 2 pl. impv. nytt
E27/104v8*; 2 sg. tr. pret. nyd⌫ry E27/69r14*; 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌫⌫nyd⌫rt Col1.13 E32/2v*(?);
̇
ʾnyd⌫rt E26/7r1*(?); ⌫n d⌫rt Lk10.34 E5/91r; ⌫nyd⌫rt E23.145; 2 pl. tr. pret. ⌫⌫nytd⌫r+⌫ E26/
30v3*; 3 pl. tr. pret. ⌫nyd⌫rnt Jn9.13 E5/100r*(?); E23.288; E28/11v16; past inf. n✏t E27/
22r15; nyt E27/7v20; ⌫nyt E27/22r12*(?); S 2 pl. impv. ⌫⌫ny⌫ Ps29.1*.
⌫ny-, ⌫nyw: see ny-.
⌫ny⌫m: see pw-⌫ny⌫m.
⌫nz⌫n: see ⌫z⌫n.
nz ynt vb. ‘to cause to cross over’: 3 sg. impf. mnz ynt E36/1v2.—Cf. ⌫z d.
⌫nzn: see ⌫z⌫n.
p, p, b f. ‘water’ ~ mÿ⌫ ‘id.’ E5+.
̇
—Forms: ⌫b E24c3.26; ⌫⌫p E23.68, Ev1; E26; p E27; ʾp E26/27v1*; ⌫p E5; E28/16v16, 25A8;
E36/1v1*, 5*, 10; E38B10*; obl. ⌫⌫py E26; py E27/22v9; p-y E27/68v17; ⌫p Tit3.5 E6/5r*;
⌫p-y E27/94v23; ⌫py Jn9.11 E5/100r*.
p y, ⇣p⇢y vb. ‘to perceive, understand’: 3 sg. pres. p yt E28/85r28; 1 pl. opt. p-yym E27/54v27
(here p-yym ⌫t rb✏m ‘we may understand and know’ translates nd⇡ w-ntbyn ‘we may know
and understand’; it seems likely that the Sogdian reverses the order of the two verbs, py
translating byn etpa al ‘to notice, consider, understand’ rather than yd⇡ p al ‘to know’).
p m. PN ‘Abï ’ E22.7.
pl n m. PN ‘Apellen’ E28/65v5.
⇣prsny f. ‘permission’ ~ (ly* ‘lawful, permitted’ E27/55v18, 104r14*.
prt (unknown word) E28/33A15*.
S ⌫prtmẓy⌫n: see *ftmzy⌫n.
psqwp , pysqwp , ps̈qwp , psqpy, pswqpy, S * pskwpy (Syr.) ‘bishop’: ⌫ps̈qwp⌫ E29/2r6;
⌫psqwp⌫ E24c3.46, 11A2*; E26/13v8*; E30/1r10; ⌫pysqwp⌫ E28/9; psqp-y E27; psqpy E27/
77v6*; pswqpy E27/1r13; obl. ⌫pysqwp⌫y E28/9v12; pl. ⌫psqwp⌫yt E30/1v3 (see BT XXXII,
131); S ⌫pskwpy 20227r15*(?).
psqwpy f. ‘bishopric, office of bishop’ E24/11A3*.
S ⌫ptr-: see ptr-.
p-y: see ⌫p⌫y.
⌫pysqwp⌫: see ⌫psqwp⌫.
S ⌫PZY: see 1⌫t.
⌫r: see rty.
⌫r⌫+: see r⌫+.
⌫rcn = ⌫r (see rty) + cn.
⌫rdq: see yw-⌫rdq.
⇣rdyw vb. ‘to entice, seduce’ ~ (dl pa el ‘id.’: 3 sg. pres. rdywt E27/102r19.
rgn GN ‘Argen, Arraj#n’: ⌫rg-n E26/12r5, 13r5*; obl. ⌫rg-ny E26/12r6, 16v11; ⌫rgny E26/14r22*.
rq, S rk f. ‘work, action, deed, business’ ~ ⇡bd⌫ ‘id.’ Jn5.36 E5/41v (x2); E23.159; E27;
E29/1r11 (cf. Deut5.14); ~ sw⇡rn⌫ ‘act, affair’ Lk1.1 E4; E27/31v18; ~ )bwt⌫ ‘business, affair’
E27/55v19, 57r3; E28/14v18. Phrases: b⇡yq rq ‘evil deed’ ~ (kyrwt⌫ ‘crime, depravity’
E27/57v18; S t(w)[ ]cw rk sty ‘what business do you have?’ ~ m⌫ lk ‘id.’, lit. ‘what (is it) to
you?’ Ps50.16.
—Forms: ⌫rq E23.159; E27/57r3, 60v26; E28; E29/1r11; E40r3*, 9*; obl. ⌫rqy E27/68v16;
E30/4r19; pl. ⌫rqt Jn5.36 E5/41v (x2); E27; E28/14v18, 16r26*, 22B9*; obl. pl. ⌫rqt Lk1.1
E4; ⌫rqty E27/57v18; S ⌫rk Ps50.16; 20222br5*.
* rqdys m. PN ‘Arcadius’: (⌫rqd)[ys] E27/1r14*.
[⌫rq-(wqy⌫ E28/18r20: probably to be read as two words, ⌫rq and (wqy⌫, see below, 184 n. 40.]
⇣rqwny f. ‘madness, raving’ ~ (nywt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/111v1*.—Cf. ⌫ry.
⌫rm-: see rm-.
rm yq noun ‘Aramaean’ ~ ⌫rmy⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. ⌫rm⌫yqty E28/9v15.
S ⌫rmy: see *rmy.
⇣rnq (unknown word) E27/52v17.
rpsty, rps̈t adj. ‘mighty’: ⌫rps̈t⌫ E26/2r20; ⌫rpsty E24c2.8, c3.41; E29/4r13 (t⌫wnty ⌫rpsty ‘strong
(and) mighty’ ~ syn⌫ ‘strong’, cf. Dan2.40).—Cf. mnt-⌫r̈psty.
rsq noun ‘zeal’ ~ *nn⌫ ‘id.’: obl. ⌫rsqy E26/24r31*.
rsqn m. ‘zealous, zealot’, by-name of the apostle Simon ~ *nn⌫ ‘id.’: Lk6.15 E5/91v.
rsx noun ‘haemorrhoids, piles’ E27/51v2.
⌫r(ty⌫q: see r(ty⌫q.
r⌫ty qy f. ‘rectitude’ ~ k⌫nwt⌫ ‘id.’ Rom5.21 E32/1r*.—Cf. r(ty⌫q.
⌫rt: see rty.
r⇠, r⇠ noun ‘place’: obl. ⌫r+y E28/86A4; pl. ⌫⌫r+t E26/24r17* (sq⌫ ⌫⌫r+t ‘high places’ ~ r̈mt⌫
‘heights’).
rt w, rtw, S rt w adj. ‘righteous, virtuous’ ~ zdyq⌫ ‘righteous’ Mt25.37 E5/126r*, Mt25.46 E5/
127r; Ps34.16; E27/39v6; ~ *b⌫ ‘good’ E28/1r11. Phrases: rt w ⌫ty ‘to show to be righteous’
~ zdq pa el ‘to declare righteous’ Lk16.15 E5/48v; rt w [b-?] ‘to be(?) righteous’ ~ zdq
etpa al ‘to be declared righteous, be justified’ Tit3.7 E6/5v.
—Forms: ⌫rt⌫w Lk16.15 E5/48v; Tit3.7 E6/5v; E36/2v3; ⌫rtw E27/54r19; pl. ⌫rt⌫wt Mt25.37
E5/126r*, Mt25.46 E5/127r; E28/1r11; obl. pl. ⌫rt⌫wt✏ E28/36v15*; ⌫rt⌫wty E27/39v6; S pl.
⌫rt⌫wt Ps34.16.
rt wy , rtwy f. ‘righteousness’ ~ zdyqwt⌫ ‘id.’: ⌫rt⌫wy⌫ Lk1.75 E5/6v; E28/8v1*; E36/1v8 (–);
obl. ⌫rtw✏⌫ E27/40v21.
rt wy mync adj. ‘(consisting) of righteousness’ ~ d-zdyqwt⌫ ‘of righteousness’ Tit3.5 E6/5r*.
1
rt m. ‘flour’ ~ qm ⌫ ‘id.’ E27/94v21.
2
⌫rty: see rty.
⌫rty(y = 2⌫rty (see rty) + 1(y.
⌫rw⌫n, S ⌫rw⌫n, ⌫rw⌫n-mync: see rw⌫n, rw⌫n-mync.
⇣rw tqy f. ‘rage, frenzy’ ~ (nywt⌫ ‘madness, raving’ E27/66v15.
rwx⌫ noun ‘gag’ ~ ⇡rqt⌫ ‘strap, band’ E24c2.5.—See Henning apud GMS §347 and Schwartz
1970, 391.
* rwx⌫n rdmn noun ‘Light Paradise’ ~ nwhr⌫ ‘the Light’, here referring to the dwelling-place
of the saints: [⌫rwx(n⌫]- r(d)mn Col1.12 E32/2v.—Cf. rwx(n-.
⇣ry, ry adj. ‘mad, wild’: r✏ E27/66v15* (with swq- ‘to be raving’ ~ pqr etp el or etpa al ‘to be
mad’); ⌫⌫ry E26/5v27 (~ pqr⌫ ‘rabid, mad’); f. ⌫⌫rc E26/28v18 (~ (ny p al act. pt. ‘mad’).—Cf.
rqwny.
rync noun ‘cubit’ E23.114 (~ ⌫m⌫ ‘id.’), 122, 171 (~ id.).
⌫ryncq: see ryncq.
⌘rzy m. ‘builder’ E26/12.
rzyc noun ‘building’(?): obl. ⌫rzycy E26/21A4.
s, s / yt, S s / yt vb. ‘to take, hold, receive’ ~ nsb p al ‘to take’ NT+; ~ (ql p al ‘to take, take
away’ Mt5.32 E5/28r*, Lk16.3 E5/48r; Ps50.16*; E26/27v17. Passive ⌫yty b- ~ nsb etp el ‘to
be taken’ Lk10.42 E5/91v; E27/57v9; ~ (ql etp el ‘to be taken away’ Mt21.43 E5/38v*.
Phrases: frywn pty p s ‘to partake of a blessing’ ~ brk etpa al ‘to be blessed’ E26/28v16*;
s dstb r ‘to seize, lay one’s hands upon’ E26/2r4.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫⌫st E26/2r4; ⌫st E12/2r13; 2 pl. pres.(?) ⌫st⌫ Jn16.24 E5/79r; 1 sg. pres.
dur. ⌫smsqn Jn5.34 E5/41v*; 3 pl. pres. dur. sntq⌫ E27/57v12; 2 sg. fut. syq⌫ E27/60v6; ⌫s✏q⌫n
E28/9v2*; 3 sg. fut. ⌫stq⌫ Lk16.3 E5/48r, Jn16.22 E5/79r; [⌫stq⌫n E23.161: mistake for ⌫ystq⌫n];
3 sg. impf. mid. st E27/60v8; 3 pl. opt. synt E27/60v14*; 1 sg. opt. mid. ⌫⌫sytw E26/28v16; 3
sg. subj. or pres. ⌫st Mt5.32 E5/28r*; 2 sg. impv. ⌫⌫s E26/32v2; s E27/51r11, 12, v18, 69v15;
⌫s Lk16.6 E5/48r; 2 pl. impv. ⌫⌫s+⌫ E26/31v9; s+⌫ E26/31v12; ⌫st⌫ Lk19.24 E5/125v*; pres. inf.
pr ⌫s Mt19.10 E2/2; 3 pl. opt. tr. pot. ⌫✏tw wn✏nnt(!) E27/13v29; 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌫ d⌫rt E28/25B1
(for pl.?); ⌫yd⌫rt Lk24.30 E5/72v; E26/27v17; ⌫ytd⌫rt E26/2v16*; S 3 pl. impf. mid. ⌫⌫stnt
20223v4*; ⌫⌫stnt 20227v11*; 2 sg. tr. pret. ⌫yt⌫ry Ps50.16*. Pp. yty: ⌫yt✏ Mt21.43 E5/38v*;
⌫ ty Lk10.42 E5/91v; voc. sg. m. ⌫yt⌫ (as m. noun ‘possessor’) E27/51r30; f. ⌫✏c E27/57v9.
s⌫: see zr-y(- sy.
s d / s dt vb. ‘to shield, protect’. Only pp. s dty ‘shielded, protected’: ⌫s⌫dty E28/1v16 (~ Arabic
‘separated’); acc. sg. m. ⌫s⌫dtw E27/111r5 (⌫s⌫dtw d⌫r ‘to keep protected’ ~ str pa el ‘to shelter,
protect’).
s q noun ‘what is suitable’: ⌫s⌫q E9/1r2; obl. ⌫s⌫qy as predic. adj. ‘suitable’ ~ (lm p al act. pt.
‘agreeable, conforming’ E27/54v23.
s mnty m. ‘taking, reception’ ~ msb⌫ or nsybwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57v6*.
s m. PN ‘Asï ’ E22.4*.
⌫sq⌫s⌫r, ⌫sqys⌫r: see sqys⌫r.

S ⌫skw-: see swq-.
sp noun ‘snare’ ~ p ⌫ ‘id.’: pl. ⌫spt E27/108r4.
srt adv. or postpos. ‘amongst, together (with)’(?). Only in [...] (⌫s)rt✏ ⌫t qw w✏[(n](t s⌫), appar-
ently calqued on the idiom bynwhy w-lhwn, lit. ‘between him and to them’, i.e. ‘he and they
privately together’, Mt20.17 E5/34v.
S ⌫stk-: see stq-.
stnyq adj. ‘permanent’ E26/2r16.
stpnws m. PN ‘Stephen’ E26/15v30, 16r14*; E27/12v21*.
S ⌫sty: see x-.
* swr noun ‘fang, tusk’ ~ nyb⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. *⌫swrty E27/12r4 (MS stwrty!).
sxs vb. ‘to be suitable, to adapt oneself, conform’: 2 sg. pres. ⌫sxsy E28/11r5; 3 sg. pres. ⌫sxst
E28/12r12 (~ ⇡dr pa el ‘to help’), 38v3*; 2 sg. pres. dur. ⌫sxs sqn E28/17r3*.
sy m. ‘taking’ E26/24r31.
symqwny f. ‘confusion, turmoil’ ~ dwwd⌫ ‘trouble, confusion’ E28/3r28.
symy adj. ‘troubled, shocked, confused, confounded’ ~ twyr⌫ ‘shocked’ E27/12v2. With wn- ‘to
make confused’ ~ dwd pa el ‘to confuse’ E28/14v9; with b- ‘to be troubled’ ~ dwd etpa al
‘id.’ E27/31r17; ~ dwd pa el pass. pt. ‘id.’ E28/3v4.
—Forms: ⌫symy E26/23r16*; E27/12v2; E28/3v4; f. ⌫symc E28/73v3*; pl. s-ym✏t E27/31r17;
sym✏t E27/54r17; ⌫s✏m t E28/14v9; ⌫sym✏t E28/31B5*.
-⌫(: see -(.
⌫ m[ noun ‘extinction’(?) E26/29r3* (≈ d⇡k p al ‘to be extinguished’?).
⌫ y m. PN ‘Isaiah’ Jn1.23 E5/19r; E27/40v13, 91v10; E28/3v10, 20, 7v21.
⌫(qr✏nt E28/23r23: mistake for ⌫(qrn✏t, see *w⌫x(-⌫(qrny.
⌫qwxy f. ‘stumbling’ ~ twqlt⌫ ‘id.’ E26/29v13*.
⌫pn vb. (i) ‘to rest, be at rest’ ~ nw ettap al ‘id.’ E27/60r15, 87r7; E28/1v1, 65v12; (ii)
euphemistically ‘to die’ E26/23r7.
—Forms: 3 sg. impf. ṃ̇(pn E26/23r7; m(pn E27/60r15; 3 sg. opt. ⌫(pny E27/87r7; E28/1v23*;
3 sg. fut. opt. ⌫(pn✏q⌫n E28/1v1; 2 pl. impv. ⌫(pnt⌫ E28/65v12.
̇ ̇
ʾṧr⌫hyḣ: see hyḣ ʾṧr⌫hyḣ.
⌫t y, ⌫ty / ⌫t t, ⌫⇠ t, S n⌫t y vb. ‘to show, display, reveal, demonstrate, indicate’ ~ wy pa el
‘id.’ Lk24.40 E5/83v*, Jn20.20 E5/76v, Jn21.1 E5/80r*; Ps19.2, 3; E24c1.81, 87; E26; E27;
E28; ~ bdq pa el ‘to show’ E27/57r15; ~ yd⇡ ap el ‘to make known’ E24c3.24; E27/57r2, 8
(or ~ bdq pa el), 11, 60r11; E28/3v22, 4v16*; ~ (wd⇡ quad. = yd⇡ ⇥ap el ‘to indicate, signify’
E27/57r5, 28. Phrases: rt w ⌫ty ‘to show to be righteous’ ~ zdq pa el ‘to declare righteous’
Lk16.15 E5/48v; b⇡yq ⌫t y ‘to show evil’, i.e. ‘to inflict pain’ (see Benveniste 1947, 105 n. 4)
E23.252f; z ry ⇧ ⌫t y ‘to show misery’, i.e. ‘to torture’ ~ (nq pa el ‘id.’ E27/60v8; zpry q
⌫t y ‘to show honour’ ~ yqr pa el ‘to honour’ E27/68r13.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫(t⌫yt E28/12r20, 74r10*(?); ⌫(tyt E27/77v3*; 3 pl. pres. ⌫(t✏nt E27/57r28;
3 sg. pres. dur. ⌫(t⌫ytq E28/3v22, 4v16*; ⌫(t⌫ytqn E28/5v23*; ⌫(t✏tq E27/57r2, v19; ⌫(t✏tqn E27;
⌫(tytqn E28/86B6; 1 pl. pres. dur. ⌫(t⌫ymsq E31v4*; 2 pl. pres. dur. ⌫(tẏt⌫sqn Lk16.15 E5/48v; 3
pl. pres. dur. ⌫(t⌫yn+sq E24c1.87; 3 sg. fut. ⌫(tytq⌫ E27/23v7; 3 sg. impf. m(t⌫y E27; 3 sg. opt.
⌫(t⌫✏ E28/7r7; ⌫(t⌫y E23.253; E28/19r15(?); ⌫(t⌫ÿ⌫ E26/24r12, 31r3, 6; ⌫(t⌫y⌫- E27/60r11; 1 pl. opt.
⌫(t⌫ym E28/22A5; 3 sg. subj. ⌫(t⌫ẏṭ E28/14v3*; 2 sg. impv. ⌫(t⌫y E24c1.81; E26/32r2*; 2 sg. tr.
pret. ⌫(t⌫d⌫ry E27/68r13; ⌫(t⌫td⌫ry E27/23v28; 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌫(t⌫d⌫rt Lk24.40 E5/83v*, Jn20.20
E5/76v, Jn21.1 E5/80r*; E26/32v34*; E27/52r18; E28/17v1; ⌫(+⌫d⌫t E24c3.24; ⌫(t⌫t-d⌫rt E25/
1r12; 3 pl. tr. pret. ⌫(t⌫d⌫rnt E27/51r13, 52r15*; [pres. pt. ⌫(t⌫yny: see r⌫+-⌫(t⌫yny]; pp. ⌫(t⌫ty E26/
26r19; S 3 sg. pres. ⌫n(t⌫yt Ps19.3; 3 sg. subj.(?) ⌫n(t⌫yt Ps19.2.
⌫t y mnty, ⌫ty mnty m. ‘showing forth, indication’: ⌫(t⌫y⌫mnty E27/57r30 (~ bwdq⌫ ‘indication’);
⌫(ty⌫mnt✏ Lk1.80 E5/6v (~ t wyt⌫ ‘manifestation’).
⌫(tc: see (ts.
⌫twystqy ⌫twystqy adv. ‘twenty-eight by twenty-eight’ E41.3*.
⌫(tyq, S ⌫(tyk: see (tyq.
̇ ̇
⇣⌫y, ʾ⌫y m. ‘ashes’ ~ q*m⌫ ‘id.’: (✏ E27/69r27; (y E27/91r9; ʾ(y E28/7r19; abl. (⌫ E27/77v18*.
⇣⌫yn ty adj. ‘pleasant, beautiful’ ~ p⌫⌫ ‘id.’ E27/87r8.
⌫yp, ⌫yp / ⌫ybt, * ⌫ybt, ⌫ybd, * n⌫ybt, S * n⌫y⌦t vb. ‘to bury’ ~ ⇡py pa el ‘to enshroud’
E27/60r9; ~ *mr p al ‘to hide, bury’ E26/25r15* (rest.!); ≈ qbr etp el ‘to be buried’ E26/25v6.
Passive ⌫(ybty b-/qt- (and other spellings) and itr. pf. ⌫(ybdy x- ~ qbr etp el ‘to be buried’
Rom6.4 E32/1r*; Creed 8; E27/68v8; ~ *(y pa el pass. pt. ‘to be hidden’ E24c1.80; ≈ qbr p al
‘to bury’ E27/94v5.
—Forms: 2 sg. pres. dur. ⌫(-ypysq E27/51r21; 3 pl. impf. m(✏pnt E26/10r4; m(-ypnt E27/60r9;
3 pl. opt. ⌫⌫(ypynt E26/25v6; 2 sg. impv. ⌫(yp E30/6v1*, 10; 3 sg. tr. pret. [⌫⌫(ybd⌫](r)t
E26/25r15*. Pp. ⌫ybty, ⌫ybdy, * n⌫ybty, S * n⌫y⌦ty: ⌫(ybdy E24c1.80; ⌫(ybty E27/94v5; S
⌫[n(y⌘ty] Creed 8; pl. ⌫(n)[(ybtyt] Rom6.4 E32/1r*; ⌫(✏bt✏t E27/68v8.
1
t, ty, S t, PZY, 1ZY conj. ‘and’ ~ w- ‘id.’ E5+; ~ dyn ‘but’ E24c1.92, c2.7; E26/31v15; E27;
E28/2av15, 5v12*, 14v23; ~ ⌫l⌫ ‘but’ E27/87v9; ~ ⌫w ‘or’ E27/40v5, 104v15; ~ ⇡m ‘with’ E27/
1v9*; ~ kd ‘while’ E27/60v19*, 31; E28/9v13, 10r18; ~ d- ‘which’ E27/94r24 (but the Arm.
version has ew ‘and’, see BT XII, 167). Sometimes ⌫t (S ⌫t, 1ZY) has no corresponding word in
the underlying Syriac, but this is rare in the bible translations: Rom6.4 E32/1r; Ps5.7 (2nd ⌫t),
32.6 (unclear passage), 33.3 (line-filler?), 34.8 (1st ZY). For ⌫t in Lk1.66 E5/6r (2nd ⌫t) see 2⌫t
s.v. rty. In Col1.12, 15 E32/2v the translator seems to have altered the syntax of the original
(see BT XXXII, 72, 73). In Lk19.23 E5/125v ⌫t (2nd occurrence) corresponds to w- in several
MSS and editions (see apparatus in TES); in Ps33.10 ZY corresponds to καί ‘and’ in the
Septuagint.—Cf. rty, 1yty, ZY.
—Forms: ⌫t passim; ⌫ty E10/1r4*, v1, 2A3; E20v5, 10*; S ⌫PZY Ps5.7*, 5.8*; ⌫t, ZY passim.
Combined: ⌫tcn E26; E28; E36/3v7; ⌫tdn E28/77r25, 118B5; ⌫tf E28/48r29, 66v27, 114A6*;
⌫tfn E26/29r3; ⌫tqt E28; ⌫tqw E28; ⌫tm E27/87v15; ⌫t n E28/8r18, 69A10; ⌫tms E26/16r3*,
24r9*; E28; ⌫tmy E28/104B7; ⌫tn E28/4v21; ⌫tny E28/16r3*; E36/4r4* (thus Cat.); ⌫tpr E8;
E21v1*; E26; E28; ⌫t( E24c3.1, 11; ⌫t(n E24c1.59, c2.20; E26/15r5; E28/17v3, 19v23*, 23r17,
98B4; ⌫t(w E26/24r14, 27v11; E35A7; ⌫t(✏ E28/8r9; ⌫t(y Col1.15 E32/2v; E23.89, 94;
E26/7r9, 12r32*, 43v1; E28/7v19, 12v5*; ⌫tzw-stwmqy⌫ E28/13B11; S ⌫tcn Ps5.11*; ⌫tmy
Ps6.2, 5*; ⌫t(y Ps24.2.
2
⌫t: see rty.
S (t)[ ]m (Turkish expression used as a respectful form of address for a cleric) ‘my father’ DTS
G5.
⌫tcn, S ⌫tcn = 1,2⌫t (see rty) + cn.
⌫tdn = 1⌫t + dn.
⌫tf = 1⌫t + -f.
⌫tfn = 1⌫t + 1fn.
⌫tqt = 1,2⌫t (see rty) + 1,2qt.
⌫tqw = 1⌫t + 1,2qw.

⌫tm = 1⌫t + -m.
⌫t n = 1⌫t + mn.
⌫tms = 1⌫t + ms.
⌫tmy, S ⌫tmy = 1⌫t + my.
⌫tny = 1⌫t + ny.
tpn noun ‘furnace’: [⌫]t(p)n ~ kwr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/102r18; obl. ⌫tpn E28/67A6.
⌫tpr = 1⌫t + pr.
tr, tr, S tr f. ‘fire’ ~ nwr⌫ ‘id.’ Mt25.41 E5/126v; Ps11.6*, 29.7; E24c1.62; E26/24r32, 27v3;
E27; E28/10v25. Phrases: try db n ‘flame of fire’ ~ nwr⌫ E27/91r5; ~ (lhbyt⌫ ‘flame’ E27/
23r27, 24r11*; swcnty tr ‘burning fire’ ~ ⇡wmq⌫ d-yqdn⌫ ‘abyss of fire’ (i.e. hell) E23.64.
̇
—Forms: ⌫⌫tr E26/8r7*, 24r32; E29/6v4; ʾtr E26/8r7, 9, 21B4; tr E27; ⌫tr Mt25.41 E5/126v;
E23.64, [266: see ⌫tryny]; E26/8r8*, 27v3; E28/10v25, 15r2*, 64A4* (⌫trs⌫); obl. tr-y E27/
68v17; try E27/23v7, 102v19; ⌫try E24c1.62; E27/23r27, 24r11*, 91r1*; S ⌫⌫tr Ps11.6*, 29.7*,
7 (dittography?).
⌫trny: see ⌫tryny.
⌫trs⌫ = ⌫tr + s⌫r.
*⇣tr-swcy m. ‘conflagration, fire’ ~ nwr⌫ ‘fire’(?): t[r-](s)[w]c[y] E27/23v12 (uncertain emend-
ation for Hansen’s t•[ ]w•c[ in a lost fragment).
tr-swq noun ‘fire-brand’ E28/23v3.
tryny, tryny, trny, trny, tr̈yn adj. ‘fiery, of fire’ ~ d-nwr⌫ ‘of fire’ E23.266; E26/27r12;
E27/60v3, 29; ~ nwrn⌫ ‘fiery, consisting of fire’ E26/23v17*.
—Forms: ⌫trny E23.266 (ed. ⌫tr ny, read ⌫trny with Henning apud Gershevitch 1946, 183, with
addenda slip); ⌫⌫tr̈yn⌫ E26/27r12; ⌫⌫tryny E26/31r18; f. trync E27/60v3; pl. tr✏n✏t E27/60v29;
⌫⌫trnyt E26/23v17*.
tr•[ ] noun ‘fire-temple’(?) E26/8v8.
⌫t( = 1⌫t + -(.
⌫t(n = 1⌫t + (n.
⌫t(w = 1⌫t + 1,2(w.
⌫t(y, S ⌫t(y = 1⌫t + 1(y.
* ⇠wryqcyq, S ↵wr ykcyk adj. as noun ‘Assyrian’ ~ ⌫twry⌫ ‘id.’ Ps29.0.
⌫ty: see rty.
⌫⌫ty E29/2r8: mistake for ⌫⌫zty.
⌫tzw-stwmqy⌫ = 1⌫t + zw-stwmqy⌫.
1
⌅ 3rd pers. pron., acc. sg. m. ‘him’ E27/87r10 (~ lh ‘him’), 94r14 (~ -h ‘id.’).
2
w, w-, article, acc. sg. and pl. ‘the’, often ~ l- marking a definite direct object (cf. Nöldeke
1898, §288), e.g. E27 passim; E28/5r20; in some cases (E27/5v30, 7v20, 22r9, v9*, 23v11,
61r24, 68v23, 104r14) w- corresponds to the combination of an object pron. + l-.—Note that
wsr⌫pyt E26/31r14 contains Syr. w- ‘and’, not the article.
—Forms: ⌫ E26/42A4, 9*; ⌫w E27/1-27 (see BT XII, 233b); E29/3r18; w- E27/31v13
(wm⌫n), 52v13 (w⌫dm), 61r24 (wfcmbd), 68v23 (wfwx⌫r), 69v19 (wb w), 94v14 (wb w),
102r18 (wzyn), 104r14 (wd✏wt), 18* (wpd⌫t-qr✏t), v14* (wbr⌫t), 16* (wxyp+), 105r2* (w[), 6
(wm⌫t); E28/5r20 (wb w).
3
w interjection ‘O’ (introducing a vocative) E28/9r20, 17r2.
S w O2497.2.—The context is insufficient to determine to which of 1-3⌫w this corresponds.
⌫w-, ⌫⌫w-: see *⌫w-⌫wt⌫qcyq, *⌫⌫w-q(n̈⌫, ⌫⌫w-nyzny, ⌫wr⌫+y, ⌫⌫w-zb⌫qy.

⌫⌫w⌫t: see 1⌫wt.
* w- wt qcyq m. ‘compatriot’ ~ br ⌫tr⌫ ‘id.’ (SyrLex, 179a, meaning 3): pl. [⌫w-⌫wt⌫](q)cyqt E27/
87r13.
w zqty m. ‘synagogue’ ~ knw(t⌫ ‘congregation, synagogue’ Jn9.22 E5/100v.—The Sogdian
compound, lit. ‘assembly-house’, may have originated as a calque on Syr. byt knw(t⌫ ‘id.’, i.e.
‘synagogue’, as argued by Barbati (2015, 103-11), but I see no reason to suppose that this
term stood in the text on which the translation is based.
̈
w zy, w z̈ , nw zy, nwʾz m. ‘assembly, multitude, crowd, community, congregation’ ~ kn(⌫
‘multitude, crowd, community’ Lk6.17 E5/91v (x2), Jn9.39 intro E5/48v; E27; ~ knw(t⌫
‘assembly, congregation’ Mt10.17 E5/75r; ~ knw(y⌫ ‘assembly’ E27/12v5; ~ ⇡dt⌫ ‘congreg-
ation, church’ E26/24r16, 31r29; ~ ⌫klws ‘crowd’ E24c2.5; ~ ⇡m⌫ ‘people’ E26/26v2*.
̈
—Forms: ⌫nwʾz⌫ E26/23v29*, 26v2*; ⌫w⌫z̈⌫ E26/31r29; ⌫w⌫z✏ Lk6.17 E5/91v (x2); ⌫w⌫z-y E27/
5v30; ⌫w⌫zy E19r2; E24c1.4*, c2.5, 8; E26; E27/12v5, 8; E29; pl. ⌫nw⌫zyt E26/24r16; ⌫w⌫z✏t
Mt10.17 E5/75r, Jn9.39 intro E5/48v; ⌫w⌫z-yt E27/77r16; ⌫w⌫zyt E27/48r19*; obl. pl. ⌫w⌫z✏ty
E27/31r19.
⌫wbt: see ⌫wfs.
⌫wc⌫: see ⌫wts⌫r.
⌫wc⌫q: see wc⌫q.
wc t wy m. ‘safety, well-being’ E20r6.—Cf. ⌫yc⌫t.
⌫wcn-: see wycn-.
⌫wcny: see wycny.
⌫wd⌫my: see zprt-⌫wd⌫my.
wdy⇡ vb. ‘to strangle, suffocate’ ~ nq p al or pa el ‘id.’: ⌫wdy, nt 3 pl. opt. E28/65v4.
⌫wfc: see ⌫wfs.
wfs / wbt, S * wps vb. ‘to fall asleep, sleep’, also as a euphemism for ‘to die’ ~ dmk p al ‘id.’
E26/24v17; ~ (kb p al ‘id.’ (here = ‘to die’) E27/60r8.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫wfst E28/16v8; 3 sg. impf. w⌫fs E27/60r8; 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫wbt E26/
24v17; 3 pl. itr. pret. [⌫wbtn]t(?) Mt13.25 E5/109v*; S 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫wps⌫t 12600IIv2*(?). Pp.
wbty ‘asleep’: f. ⌫wfc E27/48v9*; pl. ⌫wbt-yt E27/51r28*.
wgrs, wgrys m. PN ‘Evagrius’: ⌫wgrs E27/94r28; ʾ.↵gr✏s E28/13B18; ⌫wgr✏s E28/5v17.
wgyn m. PN ‘Awgen, Eugenius’: ⌫wgyn E28/9-10; obl. ⌫wgyny E28/9v6, 10r13.
w m noun ‘opportunity’ ~ ⌫tr⌫ ‘place, space, opportunity’ E28/12v7.
⌫w y,: see ⌫wxy,.
⌫w z: see ⌫wxz.
wḣ (Syr.) ‘Oh!’ E28/72A5.
wqnty adj. ‘belonging to the same family, cognate’: pl. ⌫⌫wqntyt E26/3r21.
* w-q⌫n̈ adj. ‘having the same form, homomorphic’: [⌫⌫](w-q(n̈)⌫ E26/3r2.
wm n adj. ‘agreeing, consenting’ E23.222.—See Gershevitch 1946, 183, and Benveniste 1947,
96.
wm ncn adj. ‘doubtful’ E27/51v17, 21.
wm ncny f. ‘doubt’ E26/15v28*.
wmr z nc f. ‘(female) helper’: pl. ⌫wmr⌫z⌫(t E27/57v11.—Cf. mr⌫z.
S wmystkyn m. PN ‘Umïs-tegin’: obl. ⌫wmystkyny E21r1.
wn fc m. ‘compatriot’ ~ br ⌫tr⌫ ‘id.’ (SyrLex, 179a, meaning 3) E27/7r21*.
wnglywn (Syr.) ‘Evangelion, Gospel’ E27/55r23, 28; E28/9v; E29/5v10 (MS ⌫wnlgywn!).
wnw dem. adj. and pron. ‘that’: (i) acc. sg. m. E27/12v18 (~ hn⌫ ‘this’?), 39r7; (ii) nom. sg. n.
E27/57v4(?), especially in the phrase wnw n x ‘that is, namely’ ~ hnw ‘id.’ E26/3v2* (–);
E27/40r21, 61r20; E28/3v25, 72A2* (–).
—Forms: ⌫wn↵ E27/61r20; ⌫wnw E26/3v2*; E27; E28/3v25, 72A2*.
w-nyzny, S * wnẓ-ny adj. ‘consubstantial, sharing the nature (of)’: obl. pl. ⌫⌫w-nyzn✏ty
E26/3v13; S [⌫⌫wn]ẓ-ny ~ br kyn⌫ (+ d-) ‘id.’, lit. ‘son of the nature (of)’ Creed 4.
⌫wprs: see wprs.
wpt, wp t vb. ‘to fall, fall down’ ~ npl p al ‘id.’ E27/1v9*, 60r10, 77v6.
—Forms: 3 sg. impf. w⌫p⌫t E26/15v10*; w⌫pt E26/7v6*, 14r15; E27/1v9*, 57v30*, 60r10; 3
pl. impf. w⌫ptnt E26/8r6; E27/77v6.
wptsynty adj. ‘(being) in agreement’ ~ (lm p al act. pt. ‘agreeing’: pl. ⌫⌫wptsyntyt E26/27r20.
wpty p m. ‘sharer, partaker, partner’: ⌫wpty⌫p E27/40v24 (≈ (wtpwt⌫ ‘participation, commun-
ion’); pl. ⌫wpty⌫pt E27/40v8* (≈ (wtp quad.refl. ‘to be a partner’), 69r15 (~ id.), 104r1* (~
(wtp⌫ ‘partaker’).
wpty pqy f. ‘fellowship’ ~ (wtpwt⌫ ‘id.’ E28/5v20.
wpty py f. ‘(sexual) intercourse’ ~ (wtpwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/87r4.
wr m m. ‘peace, quietude’ ~ (yn⌫ ‘peace’ E27/1r10; E28/1r9; ~ (ly⌫ ‘calm, quietude’ E27/31r26,
28, v4; E28; ≈ nw p al ‘to be calm’ E27/31r1. Phrases wr my swq m ‘dwelling in quietude’
~ (ly⌫ E28/2ar5; swq- pr wr m ‘to dwell in quietude’ ~ (ly p al ‘to be still’ E28/4r19.
—Forms: ⌫wr⌫m E27; E28; obl. ⌫wr⌫my E27/31r28; E28.
wr ⇠y m. ‘fellow-traveller, companion’ ~ lwy⌫ ‘id.’ E27/4r5*; with x- or b- ‘to be a companion’
~ lwy p al ‘to accompany’ E27/40r14; ~ lwy etpa al ‘to accompany, associate (oneself)’(?)
E30/4r6* (cf. SA Syr. 12).
—Forms: ⌫↵-r⌫+✏ E27/40r14; ⌫wr⌫+-y E27/51r5; ⌫wr⌫+y E27/4r5*; E28/36r4*; E30/4r6*.
wrc noun ‘circle, company’(?). Only in the phrase xyp⇠ wrc ‘(in) their own circle’(?) ~ bynt-
hwn ksy⌫yt ‘amongst themselves secretly’ E24c1.56f.
wrms / wrmt, S wrmt vb. ‘to become still, become calm, be quiet’: 3 sg. pres. dur.
⌫wrmstsqwn E26/30v21* (~ (ly p al ‘to become calm’); 3 pl. impf. w⌫rmsnt E27/12v28 (~ pw(
p al ‘to desist (from anger)’?); 3 sg. subj. ⌫wrmst E26/30v23 (~ nw p al ‘to become calm, be
stayed’). Pp. wrmty, S wrmty ‘still, calm, quiet, tranquil’: ⌫wrmty E28/3v5* (⌫[wrmt](y) b-
‘to be tranquil’ ~ (yn pa el pass. pt. ‘id.’), 27v27 (~ (tyq ‘quiet, silent’), 85v29, 111v29*; f.
⌫wrmc E27/22v9 (~ (ly p al pass. pt. ‘still, calm’); S ⌫wrmty Hymn 8 (~ id.).
wrmtqy f. ‘quiet, silence, tranquillity’ E28/1v18 (~ Arabic ‘silence’), 3v3 ([pr ⌫wr]mtqy⌫ ‘in
tranquillity’ ~ m(yn⌫yt ‘tranquilly’), 11v1*, 26A9*, 68r10*.
wrst past stem ‘to draw towards evening’ ~ rkn p al ‘id.’, lit. ‘to bend downwards, decline’: 3
sg. tr. pret. ⌫wrsd⌫rt (altered from itr. pret. ⌫wrst) Lk24.29 E5/72v.—Cf. Manichaean Sogd.
⌫wr*ky⌫ ‘resignation’, Henning apud GMS §37.
wrst q, wrstq noun ‘baby’ ~ ⇡wl⌫ ‘id.’: [⌫wr](s)t⌫q Lk2.16 E3v; ⌫(wrs)tq Lk2.12 E3r*.
wr⌫lm GN ‘Jerusalem’: ⌫wr(lm E5; E24c1.16; E27/56v6; E28/16r12; obl. ⌫wr(lmy E28/9r5*.
wry m. PN ‘Urï’ E22.7.
⌫ws⌫, ⌫ws⌫r: see ⌫wts⌫r.
ws tqy f. ‘agreement’ E31r23.—Cf. ws ty.
⌫wst, S ⌫wst: see ⌫wsty.
wst mnty m. ‘putting’ E28/118A7.
*⌘wstqy noun ‘confidence’(?): ⌧w(s)[tqy⌫] E28/66r28.

wst⇠ys m. PN ‘Eustathius’ E27/87r5, 9, 14.
wsty, wst, ws⇠ / wstyt, wstt, wst(?), S wst, *wst vb. ‘to place, put, set, lay, lay up, lay down,
deposit, establish’ ~ sym p al ‘id.’ NT+;2 Ps24.2, 50.18; ~ rmy ap el ‘to cast, lay’ E24c2.5.
Passive ⌫wstty/⌫wstyty b- ~ npl p al ‘to fall’ E27/56v24*; ~ sym etp el ‘to be placed’ E27/
57r20; cf. also ⌫w(sc) [...] ‘laid-down [treasure]’ E27/11v26f, an etymological translation of
symt⌫ ‘treasure’ from the same root. Where the construction is altered a Sogd. active form
may correspond to sym etp el (E27/68v10), a Sogd. passive form to sym p al (E26/23v18),
rmy ap el (E27/22r5) or *⇡n p al ‘to support’ (E27/57v8). Phrases: n m wsty ‘to put a name’ ~
(my pa el ‘to name’ Lk6.13, 14 E5/91v; t p wst n ‘setting the seal’ ~ m tmn⌫ ‘sealer,
consummator’ E27/55r23; m ny wsty ‘to put (it) into (one’s) mind, to decide’ E26/14v13
(perhaps also to be restored in E27/1v25 ~ sym p al + b-r⇡yn⌫, lit. ‘to put into the mind’); p dy
wsty ‘to put on the feet’ ~ qwm ap el ‘to (cause to) stand’ E27/22r17; wrs ( w)[sty] ‘to
place around’ ~ krk ap el ‘to surround’ E27/111r6.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. ⌫wstym 1 sg. pres. E23.107* (ed. ]stym, restore ⌫w]stym with Gershe-
vitch 1946, 180, and Benveniste 1947, 94); 3 sg. pres. ⌫wst✏t E28/4v28; 2 sg. fut. ⌫wstyq⌫n
E23.193; 3 sg. fut. ⌫wstytq⌫n E26/1v3; 3 sg. impf. w⌫st E26/14v13; E27/1v25*; E29/4v5;
E31v6*; w⌫sty E26/23v24*; E27/22r17, 27r1; 3 pl. impf. w⌫stnt E27/54v-56r passim, 68v10; 2
sg. opt. ⌫wsty E29/5v4; 1 pl. opt. ⌫wstym E27/104v12; 1 sg. subj. ⌫wstn E28/33A13; 2 sg.
impv. ⌫↵st E27/51r4; ⌫wst E24c3.16; E27/111r6*; E41.4*, 8; ⌫wsty E26/29r11; 2 pl. impv.
⌫wsty+⌫ E26/2r9*, 11*, 31v3; 1 sg. tr. pret. ⌫wsd⌫rm E26/2v24*; ⌫wstyd⌫rm Lk19.22 E5/125r; 2
sg. tr. pret. ⌫wstyd⌫r̈⌫ E26/27r30*; ⌫wstyd⌫ry Lk19.21, 23 E5/125r; E26/28v34*; E27/69r18;
E28/18r28; 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌫ws+⌫t E24c3.22; ⌫↵std⌫rt E27/51r16; ⌫wstyd⌫rt Jn9.15 E5/100r;
1Cor12.18 E6/20v*; E28/7v25; E31v23; 3 pl. tr. pret. ⌫ws+⌫rn+ E24c2.5; pres. pt. ⌫wst✏n✏
E27/55r23; S 3 sg. impf. w⌫st 12600Iv4; 3 pl. impf. w⌫st⌫nt 20223v5; 2 sg. tr. pret. ws⌫ry
Ps50.18; 3 sg. tr. pret. ws⌫rt Ps24.2. Pp. wstyty, wstty, wsty(?) ‘placed, laid down, lying’:
⌫wst-ty E27/57v8; ⌫wstt✏ E27/57r20; ⌫wsty E28/19v11(?); [⌫ws]t[y]-ty E27/56v24*; ⌫wstyty
Lk19.20 E5/125r; E26/2r14, 23r8, v18; E28/9v22, 35A4*; E30/1r8*; f. ⌫wsc E27/11v26; pl.
⌫wsttyt E27/91r9; ⌫wstyt✏t E27/22r5; *⌫wstytyt E26/21A3 (MS ⌫wsytyt!).
wsw t adj. ‘pure’ ~ (py⌫ ‘id.’: pl. ⌫wsw t✏t E28/3r24.
⌫wsytyt E26/21A3: mistake for ⌫wstytyt, see ⌫wsty.
w⌫c noun ‘wavering’(?), only in phrase w⌫c pr p tqwny ‘wavering(?) in vigilance’ ~ kmyrwt⌫
(gy(t⌫ ‘agitated sorrow’(!) E27/31r10.
w⌫ n (Syr.) ‘Hosanna’ E33B.
w⌫q r-cmqy f. ‘openness, confidence’ E24c3.36, 8r1* (~ prhsy⌫ ‘id.’). See MacKenzie 1970,
116-17, and Sims-Williams 1981, 236.—Cf. *w(qyr.
⌫w(qyrd: see wy(qyrd.
w⌫nty, S w⌫ nty adj. ‘hungry’ ~ kpn⌫ ‘id.’ Mt25.37 E5/126r*, Mt25.44 E5/126v. With *x-/m⌫t
‘to be hungry’ ~ kpn p al ‘to hunger’ Mt25.35 E5/126r, Mt25.42 E5/126v*.—Cf. 1w(nt.
—Forms: ⌫w(nt✏ Mt25.35 E5/126r, Mt25.42, 44 E5/126v; ⌫w(nty Mt25.37 E5/126r*; S w(⌫nty
Frg18.3.
2
In Lk19.23 most Syriac MSS have yhb p al ‘to give’, but the Sogdian probably follows a text with sym p al as in
the previous verses. See Sims-Williams 2016, 71.
1
w⌫t, w⌫ty / w⌫tyt, w⌫tt, w⌫t, S w⌫t vb. ‘to stand’ (in E26/5r4 perhaps also ‘to walk’) ~ qwm
p al ‘to stand’ E5+; Ps 24.3*; ~ k(y p al pass. pt. ‘to be heaped up’ E27/17v4. Phrases: p dy/
̈
p d w⌫t ‘to stand (on one’s feet)’ E23.180, 240 (~ qwm p al), 255; E26/27r25* (~ id.); E30/
2r9; ⌫wq w⌫t ‘to stand still, be silent’ E23.162 (~ (tq p al ‘to be silent’); E27/12r8 (~ qwm
p al); E36/3r11f*; m r wt w⌫t ‘to stand mourning’ E26/31r23f (~ q*r p al + ⌫bl⌫ ‘to put on
mourning’); E28/7v17 (~ ⌫bl etp el ‘to mourn’).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫w(t✏t E28/7v17; ⌫w(tyt E28/53A30*(?); 3 sg. fut. ⌫w(tytq⌫ E27/51v25; 3
sg. impf. w⌫(t Lk6.17 E5/91v, Jn20.19 E5/76v; E23.109 (see BT XLV, 64), 162, 180, 255;
E26/27r25*; E27/68r17; E28/52r[m]; E30/2r9*; E36/3r12*, v8; 3 pl. impf. w⌫(tnt E26/31r24;
E27/12r8; E36/3r15; w⌫(tynt E27/22v18*, 27v10*; 3 sg. opt. ⌫w(ty E23.209; ⌫w(ty⌫- E27/
68r21*; 2 sg. impv. ⌫w(t E30/4r5*, 6v15; 2 pl. impv. ⌫w(t t⌫ Mt5.39 E5/28v; pres. inf. pr ⌫w(t
E28/4r21*; ⌫w(t E28/11r12; ⌫w(ty E26/5r4 (or 3 sg. opt.?); S 3 sg. fut. ⌫w(ttk⌫n Ps 24.3*. Pp.
w⌫tyty, w⌫tty, w⌫ty ‘standing’: ⌫w(t-ty E27/68v15; ⌫w(tty E28/34A2*; ⌫↵(t✏ Jn1.35 E5/19v;
⌫w(t✏ Jn1.26 E5/19r; ⌫w(ty E28/17r5*; ⌫w(t t✏ Mt16.28 E5/127r; ⌫w(tyty E23.240; E28/
77v26; pl. ⌫w(tt✏t E27/31r7, 48v2*; ⌫w(ttyt E28/14r14f*; ⌫w(tyt✏t E27/17v4, 22v17*.
2
⌫w(t, ⌫w(+: see ⌫wz.
w⌫t pr z, w⌫d pr z noun ‘Communion mystery’: ⌫w(t⌫pr⌫z E8v8; w(d⌫pr⌫z E44/37v4.—Cf. r⌫z.
⌫w(tm⌫x: see w(tm⌫x.
⌫w(ty: see 1⌫w(t.
w⌫ty mnt m. ‘standing’ in phrase p dy w⌫ty mnt ‘id.’ ~ qwm⌫ ‘id.’ E27/61v19.
w⌫wx adj. ‘pure, holy’ E27/66r18. Here zprt ⌫w(wx translates nkpt⌫ w-qdy(t⌫, while in 1Cor5.8
E6/7r (see next entry) [zprtcy](qy) ⌫t ⌫w(w(x) translates d-dkywt⌫ w-d-qdy(wt⌫. Since qdy(⌫
‘pure, holy’ normally = zprt, one could assume that both translators have reversed the word-
order, so that ⌫w(wx = nkp⌫ ‘modest, chaste, holy’ and ⌫w(wxy⌫ = dkywt⌫ ‘purity, holiness’.
Alternatively, the choice of these rare words may simply have been due to the need to find a
near-synonym to zprt.—On the meaning of ⌫w(wx see Sundermann 1981, n. 197 on pp. 187-
8; Yoshida 2019, 108. The translation ‘modest’ given in BT XII, 205b, and DMT III/2, 36b, is
incorrect.
w⌫wxy f. ‘purity, holiness’: obl. ⌫w(wx 1Cor5.8 E6/7r ~ qdy(wt⌫ ‘holiness’ or dkywt⌫ ‘purity’
(see the preceding entry and Sundermann 1981, 187-8 n. 197).
1
wt, w t, wwt, S nwt, nwth f. ‘hope, trust’ ~ sbr⌫ ‘id.’ Lk2.14 E3r*; Tit3.7 E6/5v; E27.
Phrases: S nwt ↵ r ‘to place (one’s) trust (in)’ ~ sbr pa el ‘to trust (in)’ Ps5.12; wt br-, S
nwth ⌦r- ‘to place (one’s) trust’ Jn5.39 E5/41v* (~ sbr pa el);3 Ps34.9 (~ tkl p al pass. pt. ‘to
trust (in), rely (on)’).—Cf. pyt-⌫⌫wt. On the gender of 1⌫wt see BT XXXII, 36.
—Forms: ⌫⌫w⌫t E26/14r2*; ⌫ẉ̇t E27/31v11, 120v3; ⌫wt Jn5.39 E5/41v*; Tit3.7 E6/5v; E19v5;
E28; ⌫wwt Lk2.14 E3r*; E26/2r26*; obl. ⌫ẉ̇ty E27/65v30, 68v6; S ⌫nwt Ps5.12; ⌫nwth Ps34.9.
2
⇣wt, nwt vb. ‘to hope for, trust (in)’: 2 pl. pres. dur. ⌫nwt⌫sqwn E29/6v22*; 2 sg. impv. wt E27/
48v26*.
wt q, w⇠ q, S wt k noun ‘place, region, country, land, province’ ~ ⌫tr⌫ ‘place, land, country’
E27/1r6*(?), 7r27, 54v21; E28/4r25; ~ ⌫r⇡⌫ ‘land, country’ E26/28v3; ~ qryt⌫, pl. qwr̈y⌫
‘village, district’ E27/56r12*.
3
The text of TES here points msbryn as ap el (‘to think, suppose, expect’) but the critical apparatus indicates that
the pa el reading implied by the Sogdian is also well-established. See Sims-Williams 2016, 72.
—Forms: ⌫wt⌫q E26/5r25*; E27; E28/4r25, 19v26*(?); E29/7v2; ⌫w+⌫q E24c3.30; obl. ⌫wt⌫qy
E26; E27/56r12*; E28/6r4; E29/4v10; pl. ⌫wt⌫qt E26/2r17, 12r3; E30/1v8; ⌫w+⌫qt E24c3.29,
45 (x2); ⌫w+⌫q+ E24c3.42; obl. pl. ⌫wt⌫qty E30/2r18; S ⌫wt⌫k Ps24.0*.
wt qcyq m. ‘native’ ~ br ⌫tr⌫ ‘id.’ (SyrLex, 179a, meaning 1) E27/60r4, 9*; ~ mnh d-⌫tr⌫ ‘from
that country’ E27/60r3*.
̈
wt s qc f. ‘groaning’ ~ tnḥt⌫ ‘groans, sighs’ E28/7r15.—Cf. ⌫wts.
w⇠p r, *w⇠p r(?) adv. and adj. ‘(situated) yonder, beyond’: ⌫w+p⌫r E26/2v12, 5r5; E28/15r2;
[w](+)p⌫r[(?) E28/22B6.
wtr vb. ‘to shave’ ~ spr pa el ‘id.’: ⌫wtrd⌫rt 3 sg. tr. pret. E26/25r16.
wts vb. ‘to sigh, groan’ ~ ⌫n ettap al ‘id.’: 3 sg. pres. ⌫wtst E28/2ar13; 3 sg. impf. w⌫ts E27/
60r16.—Cf. ⌫wt⌫s⌫qc.
wts r, ws r, ws , wc , ws (i) adv. ‘thither’: ⌫wc⌫ E24c3.70; ⌫ws⌫ Lk24.28 E5/72v (~ lḣ ‘to it’);
E26/15v11; E28/19r14; ⌫ws⌫r E28/14v5 (⌫ws⌫r qwt ‘whither’ ~ l-⌫yk⌫ d- ‘id.’), 25B4; ⌫wts⌫r E26/
3v11, 12v8*, 42B4*(?); ws⌫ E27/25v9 (~ l-qdmwhy ‘into his presence’), 48v15; (ii) as postp.
with prep. cn ‘after, from’: ⌫↵c⌫ E24c3.29; ⌫ws⌫r E28/65r5*, v8*; E42B6.
⌫wt(n̈⌫: see wycny.
⌫wwt: see 1⌫wt.
wx q noun ‘footstep’ ~ ⇡qbt⌫ ‘id.’: pl. ⌫wx⌫qt E28/12r6.
wx ny m. ‘cohabitor, one who shares a dwelling’ E28/18r28.
wx y, 1 wxy / wxst, xwst vb. ‘to break, smash’ (tr.) ~ q)y p al ‘to break’ Lk24.30 E5/72v,
Lk24.35 E5/73r*; E26/31v8; ~ tbr pa el ‘to break up, smash’ E26/28r10, perhaps also 12r17,
v11 (see BT XXXV, 94 ad r17); ~ ⇡qr p al ‘to break down, destroy’ E28/10v20, 21*, 23.
Passive ⌫wxsty b- ~ q)y etp el ‘to be broken’ 1Cor11.24 E6/7v* (rest.!); E26/31v10f.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres.(?) ⌫wx t E28/93A11[d]*; 3 pl. pres. ⌫wx⌫ynt E26/12v11; 3 pl. impf.
mwx⌫ynt E28/10v21*, 23; 3 pl. opt. dur. ⌫wx⌫yntq E26/12r17; 2 sg. impv. ⌫wx⌫y E26/3r5; 2 pl.
impv. ⌫wx✏t⌫ E28/10v20; 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌫wxsd⌫rt Lk24.30 E5/72v, Lk24.35 E5/73r*; E26/31v8;
⌫xwsd⌫rt E26/28r10; pp. [⌫wxst]✏ 1Cor11.24 E6/7v; ⌫wxsty E26/31v10; E28/58B2*.
⌫wxd⌫wny, ⌫wxd⌫wny⌫: see ⌫xwd⌫wny, ⌫xwd⌫wny⌫.
wxn vb. ‘to call out, wail’: 3 sg. pres. dur. [⌫w](x)ntq E28/8r15 (~ q⇡y p al ‘to call out, shout’); 3
sg. #z-impf. ⌫wxn⌫z E27/87v10 (~ yll ap el ‘to wail, lament’).
⌫wxnc: see ⌫xwnc.
wxr / wxrt, wxr t vb. ‘to abandon, forsake, renounce’ ~ (bq p al ‘to leave, abandon, forsake’
E27/5r30, 83v11*(?), 105v2*(?). Passive ⌫wxr⌫ty b- ~ (bq etp el ‘to be abandoned’ E27/
111v6* (restore (⌫)[w](xr)⌫tyt[ bnt])?
—Forms: 3 sg. fut. ⌫wxrmq⌫ E27/av3*; 2 sg. impf. w⌫xr✏ E27/5r30; 3 sg. impf. w⌧xr(!) E28/
65r12; 2 sg. impv. ⌫wxr E27/83v11*(?); E28/93B4; 3 pl. tr. pret. ⌫wxr⌫d⌫rnt E27/105v2*(?);
past inf. ⌫wxrt E26/16r18*. Pp. wxr ty ‘abandoned’: ⌫wxr⌫ty E28/38r1; pl. (⌫)[w](xr)⌫tyt
E27/111v6.
wxr mnt m. ‘abandonment, desertion’ ~ m(tbqnwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31r4.
⌫wxst: see ⌫wx⌫y.
wx⌫, w ⌫ noun ‘deliverance, salvation’: ⌫wx( E26/5v7 (≈ (lm⌫ w-(yn⌫ ‘peace and tranquillity’,
Sims-Williams 1995b, 295 n. 33); w ( E27/12v19.—Cf. wx(.
⌫wx(⌫mndy: see wx(⌫mnty.
1,2
⌫wx(t: see ⌫wxz, wx(.
⌫wxwnc: see ⌫xwnc.
1
⌫wxy: see ⌫wx⌫y.
2
wxy vb. ‘to be broken, break (away), separate’ (itr.): ⌫wxyt 3 sg. pres. E29/4r17; ⌫wxytq⌫m 3 sg.
fut. E29/4r16; mwxynt 3 pl. impf. E26/8r6.
wxy⇡, * w y⇡ vb. ‘to bring down, cause to sink’: 3 sg. pres. ⌫wx ,t E28/16v21*; 3 pl. pres.
⌫wxy,nt E28/16v3*; 3 sg. impf. tr. pot. *⌫w y,t wn⌫ E26/5r12 (hypothetical emendation for
Hansen’s ⌫my,t wn⌫ in a lost fragment).
wxz, w z / wx⌫t, S wx⌫t vb. ‘to go down, descend’ ~ n t p al ‘id.’: 3 pl. pres. ⌫wxznt E28/
5v26; 1 sg. pres. dur. ⌫wxzmsq E28/5v22; 3 sg. fut. ⌫wxztq⌫ E27/51v3* (–); ⌫wxztq⌫n E28/
16v18 (–); 3 sg. impf. w⌫xz E26/3v13* (–); 3 pl. impf. w⌫xznt E27/60v23; 3 sg. opt.(?) ⌫wxzy
E28/96B4* (–); 1 pl. opt. ⌫wxzym E27/77r14; 3 sg. subj. ⌫w ẓ̇t Jn1.33 E5/19v; 2 sg. impv.
⌫w z E23.270, 274; pres. inf. pr ⌫wxz E28/8r14; 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫↵x(t Jn1.32 E5/19v; ⌫wx(t
Lk6.17 E5/91v; E26/30r17; E29/1v8 (cf. Ex34.29); S 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫wx(t Creed 5.
wxz mnt m. ‘descent, coming down’ E27/55r26.
* wysn / ẉ̇ysn t vb. ‘to collect (the mind)’ ~ kn( pa el ‘id.’: 3 sg. dur. pres. pot. ⌫ẉ̇ysn⌫t wntq
E27/31v13.
⌫wyzt⌫t E24c1.24: mistake for ⌫wy,t⌫t, see 3⌫wy,.
1
⇣wy⇡ vb. ‘to become agitated, be angry’: 3 sg. pres.(?) ⌫w✏,t E28/109r27; 3 sg. impf. wy, E27/
68v21 (~ dl etpa al ‘to be shaken, be violently agitated’); 2 sg. impv. w✏, E28/36v10.
2
* wy⇡, S wy vb. ‘to agitate, confuse’ ~ blbl quad. ‘to confuse’: 3 pl. tr. pret. ⌫⌫wy⇣-⌫r⌫nt Hymn
6*.
3
wy⇡, ⌘wy⇡ vb. ‘to bring together, gather, assemble, collect, amass’ ~ kn( pa el ‘to bring
together, assemble, collect’ E24c1.24, 2br1 (see Nestle 1889, 26, line 29); E27/11r20, 87r10,
94v28; E28/14v26.
—Forms: 3 sg. impf. m⌫wy, E26/16r6; m y, E27/11r20; 3 sg. opt. ⌫wy,-y E27/87r10; 2 sg.
impv. ⌫⌧wy,(!) E26/12v10; ⌫w✏, E28/103r8*(?); 2 pl. impv. ⌫wy,t⌫ E24/2br1; pres. inf. pr ⌧wy,
E26/16r8; pr ⌫w-y, E27/51v24; 1 sg. tr. pret. ⌫wy,d⌫rm E27/94v28; 3 sg. tr. pret. *⌫wy,t⌫t
E24c1.24 (MS ⌫wyzt⌫t!); pp. pl. ⌫wy,t✏t E28/14v26.
* w⌥⇡tqy f. ‘collection’(?): ](⌫)w( ),tqy⌫[ E28/77r24.
wz / w⌫t, w⌫⇠ vb. ‘to come together, assemble, gather, be collected’ ~ kn( etpa al ‘to come
together, gather’ Mt25.32 E5/125v; E24c1.20, 23; E27/31v21; ~ kn( p al pass. pt. ‘to be
gathered’ Lk24.33 E5/73r*, Lk24.36 intro E5/83r* (rest.!); ≈ kn(⌫ ‘assembly’ E27/17v5; ~ w⇡d
etpa al ‘to come together, assemble’ E28/5v17*; ~ gny p al ‘to recline’(!) E26/31v7.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. ⌫(w)[zn]t 3 pl. pres. E28/5v17; 3 pl. fut. ⌫wẓ̇ntq⌫ Mt25.32 E5/125v; 3 sg.
impf. wz E26/15v11; 3 pl. impf. mwznt E26/16v5*; E28/10v9*; 3 pl. opt. dur. ⌫wzyntq E26/
12r8; 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫w(t E26/31v7; 3 pl. itr. pret. ⌫w(+n+ E24c1.20; past inf. ⌧ẉ̇(t E27/31v21.
̇
Pp. w⌫ty ‘collected, assembled’: pl. ʾw(tyt E26/12r9*; ⌫w(tyt Lk24.33 E5/73r*, Lk24.36 intro
E5/83r*; E24c1.23; E27/17v5.
wz m / wzmt, S wẓ- m vb. (i) ‘to repay, requite’, only E27/57v24 (perhaps ~ pr⇡ p al ‘id.’, see
BT XII, 122-3); (ii) ‘to condemn, overcome’ ~ wb pa el ‘to condemn’ Mt20.18 E5/34v;
Ps5.11; E26/31r16f*; E27/56r4*; E28/7r12; ~ zky p al ‘to overcome, conquer’ E27/61v28;
E28/12r18.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫wz⌫mt E28/12r18; 3 pl. pres. ⌫↵z⌫mnt E27/56r4*; 3 pl. fut. ⌫wz⌫mntq⌫
Mt20.18 E5/34v; 3 sg. fut. middle [⌫wz]⌫mtyq⌫n E30/3r8f; 3 sg. impf. w⌫z⌫m E27/57v24; 3 sg.
opt. ⌫wz⌫my E28/19r20; 1 pl. opt. ⌫wz⌫mym E27/61v28; 3 sg. subj. ⌫wz⌫ṃ̇t E28/18v26; 2 sg.
impv. ⌫wz⌫m E26/1v14, 17; E28/38r10(?); 1 sg. tr. pret. ⌫wzmd⌫rm E28/7r12; 3 pl. tr. pret.
⌫wz⌫md⌫rnt E26/31r16f*; pp. ⌫wzmty E20v2*; E26/14v10; S 2 sg. impv. ⌫wẓ-⌫m Ps5.11.
w-zb qy adj. ‘sharing the same language’: pl. ⌫⌫w-zb⌫qyt E26/16r7.
wzm noun ‘condemnation’ ~ wyb⌫ ‘id.’: obl. ⌫wzm E28/12r6.
wzms vb. ‘to be repaid (a debt) (by), to avenge (a wrong) (on)’ (+ cn): 3 sg. impf. w⌫zms E27/
57v24 (perhaps ~ pr⇡ etp el ‘id.’ + mn, see BT XII, 122-3).
⇣wzry noun ‘face’(?) E26/8r6.
wzy m. ‘lake, pond’(?): pl. ⌫wzyt E34r10*.
w⇡ n-mync adj. ‘slaughtered’ E29/5r2, 9.
⌫w,b-: see wy,p-.
⌫x⌫s: see 1⌫xs.
S x skry m. ‘warrior’ ~ qrbtn⌫ ‘id.’ Ps24.8*.
xd vb. ‘to prick, goad’: 3 pl. pres. dur. ⌫xdntq E28/13B11.
S ⌫xh: see 2x⌫.
⌫xr: see ryw-⌫xr.
1
xs, x s noun ‘war, battle, conflict, struggle’: ~ qrb⌫ ‘war’ E24c1.85; E27/31; E28/12r4; ~ rb⌫
‘id.’ E26/5v11 (Sims-Williams 1995b, 295 n. 34). Phrase ⇣xsy pts q ‘order of battle’ ~ sdr⌫
‘order’ E27/31r6f.—See also S ⌫⌫x⌫skry, xs- rby.
—Forms: ⌫x⌫s E24c1.85; E26/5r25, 30, v11; xs E27/31r2, 4; ⌫xs E28/16r19, 77r20*, 112B3*;
obl. ⌫x⌫sy E28/112B5; xsy E27/31r6; ⌫xsy E28/99B29*(?); pl. ⌫x⌫st E28/13A8; xst E27/31r5,
8; obl. pl. ⌫x⌫sty E28/13B7; xst✏ E27/31r22; xsty E27/31r14, 16; ⌫xsty E28/12r4.
2
xs vb. ‘to struggle’: 3 sg. opt. ⌫xsy E28/11r4.
⇣xs- rby adj. ‘acquainted with wars’: pl. xs- rb-yt E27/31r12 (~ d-yd⇡t⌫ d-qr̈b⌫ ⌫yt lhwn ‘who
have knowledge of wars’).
⌫x(n⌫qc: see ⌫f(n⌫qc.
⌫x(t, ⌫⌫x(t: see 1⌫xz.
S ⌫x(ywny: see x(ywny.
S ⌫xw: see 1,2xw.
xwb vb. ‘to gush out, surge forward’ ~ gw p al ‘id.’: 3 pl. impf. opt. mxwb-ynt E27/12v9.
xwd wny, xwd wn, wxd wny adj. ‘diligent, assiduous, striving’: ⌫wxd⌫wny E28/1v14 (~ Arabic
‘eager’), 63A2*(?), 66v29, 74v11*; ⌫xwd⌫wn E28/12r28 (⌫xwd⌫wn ⌫t ftnty ‘assiduous and
enthusiastic’ ~ p* p al pass. pt. ‘assiduous’); ⌫xwd⌫wny E27/48v27.
xwd wny , wxd wny f. ‘diligence, zeal, striving’ ~ py*wt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/104r10*; E28/5r30; ~
b*ylwt⌫ ‘care, diligence’ E27/31r7; E28/7r6. Phrases: xwd wny / wxd wny wn- ‘to be dili-
gent, strive’ E27/4r3*(?) (⌫xwd(⌫wny)⌫[ wn-] ~ p* etpa al ‘id.’); E28/11v6f, 16v26; p(r)[
wxd]( )wny ‘with diligence’ ~ b*yl⌫yt ‘carefully, diligently’ E28/5v27.—Cf. n⌫-⌫xwd⌫wny⌫.
—Forms: ⌫wxd⌫wny⌫ E27/31r7; E28; ⌫xwd⌫wny⌫ E27/4r3*, 104r10*.
xwnc, wxnc, wxwnc f. ‘struggle, strife, conflict, war, battle’: ⌫wxnc E26/14v13; ⌫wxwnc
E29/4r15; E30/6v14* (~ m)wt⌫ ‘strife’, SA Syr. 55); ⌫xwnc E27/53r9, 57r23 (~ *qrb⌫ ‘battle’,
corrupt for qwrbn⌫ ‘offering’?—see BT XII, 116), 68r2 (~ ⌫gwn⌫ ‘contest, struggle’), 102v24
(≈ kt( etpa al ‘to contend’); E28/16r18, 19; obl. ⌫xwncy E27/31v22 (~ ⌫gwn⌫); E28/14v20 (~
dr̈(⌫ ‘disputes’).
⌫xwst: see ⌫wx⌫y.
xwsyd vb. ‘to encourage, incite’: 2 sg. pres. dur. ⌫xws✏dysq E27/69v18 (~ grg pa el ‘id.’); 3 sg.
pres. dur. ⌫xwsydtq E27/104v7* (~ gry pa el ‘id.’); 3 sg. fut. inj.(?) ⌫xwsydq⌫m E27/25v2* (≈
gwrg⌫ ‘incitement’).
xwsyd mnty m. ‘encouragement, incitement’ ~ gwrg⌫ ‘id.’: ⌫xws-yd⌫mnt✏ E27/31v2; pl.
(⌫)[xwsyd⌫mntyt] E28/5r12*.
⇣xw⌫ / xw⌫t vb. ‘to trouble’(?): xw(t(t)[ 2 pl. impv.(?) E27/48v6 (see BT XLII, 42). Pp. xw⌫ty
in passive ⌫xw(ty ... b- ‘to be troubled’ ~ dwd etpa al ‘id.’ E28/3v8.
⌫⌫xw(yc: see pw-⌫⌫xw(yc.
xwyr noun ‘manger’ ~ ⌫wry⌫ ‘id.’: obl. ⌫xw✏ry Lk2.12 E3r*; ⌫xwyry Lk2.16 E3v*.
xyqr m. PN ‘A iqar’ E30/7v3.
xyr, xyr vb. (i) ‘to walk, behave’ ~ hlk pa el ‘id.’ Rom6.4 E32/1v, Col1.10 E32/2r; E23.155,
160, 219; E24c2.22; ~ ⌫ty p al ‘to come’ E23.176; (ii) ‘to transgress’, only E27/51v12*,
57v21, 68v25* (~ ⇡br p al ‘id.’).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫⌫xyrt E26/1r6, 8; 3 pl. pres. ⌫xyrn+ E24c2.22; 3 sg. impf. x✏r E27/
57v21; xyr E27/51v12*; 1 pl. opt. ⌫⌫xyrym Rom6.4 E32/1v; 2 pl. inj. ⌫⌫xyrt⌫ Col1.10 E32/2r; 2
pl. tr. pret. ⌫(x)[yrd⌫rtt] E27/68v25; dur. pt. ⌫xyrsq E23.176; pres. pt. ⌫xyrny ‘able to walk’
E23.155, 160, 219.
xyr mnty m. ‘transgression’: ⌫x✏r⌫[mnty] E28/129A4*; acc. sg. ⌫x✏r⌫mnt↵ E27/31v31 (~ 1⇡br⌫
‘id.’); abl. sg. (⌫)[xyr⌫mnt⌫] E28/9v17*.
xy⇡, y⇡ vb. ‘to raise, raise up, set up’ ~ qwm ap el ‘id.’ Lk1.69 E5/6r, Lk12.42 E5/130v;
E23.82*(?), 84; E27/69v16; perhaps ~ ⇡yr ap el ‘to waken, arouse’ E27/94v2* (rest.!).
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. (⌫)[xy,nt] E27/94v2*; 3 sg. pres. dur. ⌫ y,tsq E23.82* (ed. ⌫[br]tsq, read
⌫( y,)tsq?); 1 sg. fut. ⌫x✏,nq⌫ E27/69v16; 3 sg. impf. m⌫[xy,] E26/12r2 (ed. m⌫[t], but see s.v.
p⌫tx(⌫wn); 3 sg. subj. ⌫x✏,⌫t Lk12.42 E5/130v; 1 sg. tr. pret. ⌫ y,d⌫rm E23.84; 3 sg. tr. pret.
[⌫ y,]d⌫rt E25/1v3f*(?); ⌫xy,d⌫rt Lk1.69 E5/6r.
1
xz, z / x⌫t, x⌫t, S nx⌫t vb. ‘to rise, arise, get up, stand up’ ~ qwm p al ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 8.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫xzt E28/17r13 (x2); 3 pl. pres. ⌫xznt E31r4*; 3 pl. fut. ⌫ zntq⌫ Mt10.21
E5/75; 3 sg. impf. [m](⌫)xz E26/21B4*; mxz E26/16r18; E27/54v30*, 56v28; 3 pl. impf.
mxznt E27/77r12; 3 sg. subj. ⌫xẓ̇t E28/36v9; ⌫xzt Lk24.46 E5/83v*; E28/3r15, 17; 2 sg. impv.
⌫ z E23.230; E29/6r17; ⌫xz E27/51v11; 3 sg. pres. itr. pot. ⌫x(t (b)[w]t E28/3v3; 3 sg. itr. pret.
⌫⌫x(t E26/24r32, v29, 28v5; ⌫x(t Mt27.64 E5/65v*, Lk24.34 E5/73r; Rom6.4 E32/1r, Rom6.9
E32/1v; E23.232; E27/57r10; E29/1v7, 6r12, 19; 3 pl. itr. pret. ⌫x(tnt Lk24.33 E5/73r; E20v9;
S 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫nx(t Creed 8.
2
xz noun ‘rising’ ~ qwm⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. ⌫xzty E28/12r7.
xz mnty, z mnty m. ‘rising, getting up; resurrection’ ~ qymt⌫ ‘id.’ Jn5.29 E5/41r (x2); E27;
E28/14r14; ~ qwm⌫ ‘rising, getting up’ E28/3r12.
—Forms: ⌫ z⌫mnt✏ Jn5.29 E5/41r*; ⌫ z⌫mnty Jn5.29 E5/41r; E28/14r14; ⌫xz⌫mnt✏ E27/56v27,
57r33, 61v18; ⌫xz⌫mnty Rom6.5 E32/1v*; E27/40r23, 55r19, 57v11; E28/3r12; acc. sg.
⌫xz⌫mntw E27/40r16.
1
⇣y f. ‘period’ ~ ⌫qm⌫ ‘point (of time), stage’ E27/31.
2
y, ⇣y interjection ‘O’ (introducing a vocative or equivalent): ⌫✏ Lk19.17 E5/125r (~ ⌫w ‘O’),4
Lk24.25 E5/72r (~ id.); E27; ⌫ y E26/2v21; ⌫y E26/16r15.
1
y m, 1 ym, y✓m, ym noun ‘end’ ~ rt⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.22 E5/75v*; E27/12r20*(?); ~ (wlm⌫ ‘id.’
E27/31r10; E28/3v28. Phrases: y m s r, qw y✓m s (and other spellings) ‘finally, at last’ ~ b-
rt⌫ ‘in the end’ Mt21.29, 32 E5/38r; ~ ⌫ ryt ‘finally’ Mt21.37 E5/38v; E29/5v12 = 5v23
(citing Mt4.2, see BT XXXII, 104); ~ mtwm⌫yt ‘everlastingly’ E26/28r2*(?); y m pn, qw
y m prm (and other spellings) ‘up to the end’ E25/1v22* (~ l-⇡lmyn ‘for ever’); E27/86v2 (~
⇡dm⌫ l-(wlm⌫ ‘till the end’); E28/24A28, 49v28; E29/5v18. In a spatial rather than temporal
sense: (z) y ( )[y]( )[m] ‘the end of the earth’ E29/2v10 (~ ⇡br̈yḣ d-⌫r⇡⌫ ‘the limits of the earth’,
Ps2.8, see BT XXXII, 98).—Cf. pw-⌫y⌫m.
—Forms: ⌫y⌫m E10/1r3; E27; E28; E29; ⌫ym Mt21.32 E5/38r; ⌫⌫ym E25/1v22*; ⌫ym Mt10.22
E5/75v*; obl. ⌫y⌫my E27/51r11*; E28/118A3*. Combined: ⌫y⌫ms⌫r E26/28r2*(?); E28/
69A2*(?); ⌧yms⌫ Mt21.29 E5/38r; ⌫ẏms⌫ Mt21.37 E5/38v.
2
y m, 2 ym vb. (i) ‘to finish, conclude’ (tr.) E12/2v4; E26/12v3; E28/5r17 (~ swk pa el ‘id.’);
(ii) ‘to finish off, put an end to, destroy’ ~ gmr pa el ‘id.’ E27/23r27, 87r13 (in both cases
gmr is translated by 2⌫y⌫m together with another verb, either ny(q⌫w ‘to cast out’ or frqrnt ‘to
destroy’).
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. ⌫y⌫mnt E12/2v4; 1 sg. fut. ⌫ymmq⌫ E27/23r27; 3 pl. impf. my⌫mnt E27/
87r13; 3 sg. opt. ⌫y⌫my E26/12v3; 1 pl. opt. ⌫y⌫mym E28/5r17.
y mcyq adj. ‘final, last’ E26/23r23* (as adv. ‘finally’?), 31r6 (≈ rt⌫ ‘end’); E27/27v28* (~ ⌫ ry⌫
‘last’), 48r25, 28 (~ id.).
⌫y⌫ms⌫r = 1⌫y⌫m + s⌫r.
⌫ybt: see *⌫yfs.
1
yc, ydc, S yc n. ‘something, anything, thing’ (~ mdm ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 4; ~ ṣbwt⌫ ‘thing’ E27;
E28/12v19; pl. ⌫y(t ~ ⌫d"⌫ ‘sorts, kinds’ E28/12r13), with neg. ‘nothing’ (~ mdm + l⌫ ‘id.’
E5+).—Often indicates that a preceding adj./dem./interrog./num. functions as a noun: nt⌫qt
⌫✏(t/⌫yct ‘evil things’ ~ bÿ(t⌫ ‘evil (things)’ Jn5.29 E5/41r*; E28/3v26; (yryt ⌫✏(t/⌫✏ct ‘good
̈
things’ ~ *bt⌫ ‘good (things)’ Jn5.29 E5/41r; E27/61v28; ~ (pyr̈t⌫ ‘id.’ E28/1r6; r[f](t✏()t, rft
⌫✏ct ‘many things’ ~ sgÿ⌫t⌫ ‘many (things)’ Lk10.41 E5/91v; E28/1v2; wyspw ⌫ycy ‘every-
thing’ ~ klhyn ‘all’ E28/9v19; nyt ... ⌫✏(t ‘other things’ ~ ⌫ r̈nyt⌫ ‘other (things)’ E27/31v24;
ft⌫rm✏t ⌫ycty ‘superfluous things’ ~ ytyr̈t⌫ ‘superfluous (things)’ E28/12v19; z⌫ycyqt ⌫ycty
‘earthly things’ ~ ⌫r̈⇡nyt⌫ ‘earthly (things)’ E28/12v21; w⌫tmn✏t ⌫✏(t ‘spiritual things’ ~ r̈w nyt⌫
‘spiritual (things)’ E27/57r25; yw r✏str ⌫✏c ‘one least bit’ ~ d⌫ z⇡wrt⌫ ‘one little (bit)’
E27/68v30; x✏d ⌫✏c ‘that thing’ ~ h↵ ‘that’ Lk19.26 E5/125v*; y⌫nt ⌫✏(t ‘these things’ ~ hlyn
‘these (things)’ NT; ✏d/m-yd/m⌫nt ⌫y(t ‘these things’ ~ id. E27; xyd ⌫y(t/⌫✏ct ‘those things’ ~
id. E27/31v16; E28/7r2; prymnt ⌫✏(t, prymyd ⌫yct ‘by these things’ ~ b-hlyn ‘by these
(things)’ E27/69v21; E28/7v5; x⌫nt/w⌫n✏t/dywnt ⌫y(t/⌫ycty (...) qt/qy/q✏t ‘those things which’
~ ⌫ylyn d- ‘those which’ Lk2.18 E3v*; E27/104r14; E28/12v27, 14v8 (also without the dem.:
⌫✏ct qt ‘the things which’ ~ ⌫ylyn d- E28/14r2); cw ⌫yc ‘what thing?’ ~ mn⌫ ‘what?’ E26/25v9;
yw ⌫yc ‘one thing’ ~ d⌫ ‘one (thing)’ Lk10.42 E5/91v; E27/14r22, 40r5f; and similarly with
dw⌫ ⌫yc, (y ⌫yc ‘two/three things’, E27/40r5, 57r22*; E28/5r27*, 7v22.—The addition of ⌫yc
4
This is the reading of the Vetus Syra (Sinaiticus). Since the Greek text has εὖ γε ‘bravo!’, ⌫w may have been
intended here as a transcription of Greek εὖ (spelt ⌫yw in most Peshitta MSS), but it would have been natural in the
context for the translator to take it for Greek ὦ ‘O’. See Sims-Williams 2016, 70.
can provide a noun as antecedent to a relative: ⌫yc qt ‘the thing which’ ~ m⌫ d- ‘that which’
Mt10.19 E5/75r; ~ d- ‘(that) which’ Lk16.12 E5/48v; s⌫t ⌫ycy ... qy ‘everything which’ ~ kl-m⌫
d- ‘all which’ E28/4r21; s⌫t ⌫(✏()t qy, S s⌫t ⌫ycty ky ‘all things which’ ~ klhyn ⌫ylyn d- ‘all
those (things) which’ E27/77v10; Creed 1.—Used as an adj. or adv. ‘some, any, some kind
of’ (~ mdm ‘id.’ E27/77r3*), usually with neg. ‘not any, no; in no way, not at all’ E23.102;
E26; E27/65v24 (~ kl + l⌫ ‘not any’), 87r4 (~ l-gmr + l⌫ ‘not at all’), 91r10, 102v20 (~ mdm +
l⌫ ‘id.’); E28; E29; E40r9*(?).—Cf. ⌫c.
̇
—Forms: ⌫✏c E5; E27; E28/18r19; ⌫-yc Lk1.2 E4; E29/5r20; ⌫ c E28/19v12; ʾyc(!) E26/8v2; ⌫yc
E5; E23.102; E26; E27/31v27; E28; E29; E33A6; E40r9*; ⌫ydc E26/26v15; obl. ⌫ycy E26/3r8,
9; E28/4r21, 9v19; pl. ⌫yct, ⌫✏ct E28; ⌫yc-t E28; ⌫✏(t E5; E27; ⌫-y(t E27/68v18*, 83r5, 86v1; ⌫y(t
Mt6.32 E1/2v*; Lk2.18 E3v; E27/48v27; E28/12r13, 66v23; -✏(t Lk10.41 E5/91v*
( r[f](t✏()t); obl. pl. ⌫✏ct E28/14v8; ⌫✏cty E28/16v24, 118B1; ⌫ cty E28/16v23*; ⌫yct✏ E28/
24B27; ⌫ycty E28; E31r7; ⌫✏(ty E27; ⌫-y(ty E27/51v2, 52v12, 53v3; ⌫y(t Jn21.1 E5/80r; S ⌫yc
Creed 4; obl. pl. ⌫ycty Creed 1.
2
⌫yc: see ⌫s.
yc t, wyc t, wycy t adj. ‘firm, sure, safe’ E27/48v27, 51r12. Usually in phrases yc t/wyc t d r
‘to hold firm, keep safe, keep, guard’ ~ n*r p al ‘to guard, keep, observe (the Sabbath)’
Lk2.19 E3v*; Jn9.16 E5/100r*; E28/3v20f*; E19r1 (–); yc t/wyc t/wycy t d r mnty ‘keeping’
~ n*wrwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/61r28*; E28/7r7, 14r3.—Cf. ⌫wc⌫t⌫wy.
—Forms: ⌫ c⌫t Jn9.16 E5/100r*; ⌫yc⌫t Lk2.19 E3v*; E28/3v20, 14r3, 90A27, 128B29; wyc⌫t
E19r1; E28/7r7; wycy⌫t E27/48v27, 51r12, 61r28.
†⌫yc⌫t⌫wy E20r6: read ⌫wc⌫t⌫wy.
⌥d, yd dem. pron. and adj., nom. ‘this, these’ ~ hd⌫ ‘this’ E27/1v7, 104v2*; E28/8r23; ✏d ⌫✏(t
‘these things’ ~ hlyn ‘these (things)’ E27/69v20. In E27/104r7 ](✏)d y⌫nt ‘these’ ~ h wn hlyn
‘these’ (cf. Nöldeke 1898, §227) imitates the Syriac double demonstrative.
—Forms: ⌫ d E28/8r23; ✏d E27; yd E27/31r5.
⌫ d⌫rt: see ⌫s.
* yfs / ybt vb. ‘to err, go astray’: 2 sg. itr. pret. ⌫ybty( E28/15r6*; 3 sg. itr. pret. ybt 1Tim2.14
E6/18v (~ *⇡y p al ‘id.’); pp. ybt✏ E27/83v6 ([y⌫](b)msq ybt✏ ‘I wander astray’ ~ phy p al ‘to
wander’).
yqwn, S ykwn adv. ‘ever’ ~ ⇡lm ‘age, eternity’, pl. ⇡lmyn ‘ages’. Only in the phrases cn yqwn
ms ‘since eternity’ ~ mn ⇡lm ‘from eternity’ Lk1.70 E5/6r, Jn9.32 E5/101v; (±qw) yqwn
prm/pn, S kw ykwn prm ‘for ever’ Ps (~ l-⇡lm ‘id.’); E22.3*; E24c1.10f; E26/16r16, 24r23
(~ l-⇡lmyn ‘id.’); E27/27v14 (~ l-⇡lm ⇡lmyn ‘in saecula saeculorum, for ever and ever’), 68v4
(~ l-⇡lm); E28/2av8 (~ l-⇡lm ⇡lmyn); E29/6v3*; qw yqwn yqwn prm, S kw ykwn kw
ykwn prm ‘for ever and ever’ Hymn 9 (~ l-⇡lm ⇡lmyn); E26/23r12f*.
yqwncyq, yqwn-cyq, S * ykwncyk adj. ‘everlasting, eternal’ ~ d-l-⇡lm ‘id.’, lit. ‘which (is) for
ever’: ⌫yqwn-cyq, ⌫yqwn-c q E5; Tit3.7 E6/5v*; E28/33A11 (–); ⌫yqwncyq E26/3r21 (–);
E27/68v3*; E28 (–); ⌫⌫yqwn-cyq E29/8v5 (–); S r⌘ (⌫⌫)[ykwncyk myt] ‘many eternal days’ ~
nwgr⌫ d-ywm̈t⌫ ‘a long period of days’ Ps23.6.
S yl klwk m. PN ‘El Külüg’ 20133v[m] (Reck 2018, 42).
̇
ʾylṧd (Hebrew) ‘God Almighty’ E26/31r1.
ylwl (Syr. name of a month) ‘Elul’ E26/5v8, 6B3.
ylwn GN ‘Ilium, Troy’ E24c1.85 (MS d⌫ylwn, with Syr. d- ‘of’!).
⌫ym: see 1,2⌫y⌫m, x-.
⌫⌫ym: see 1⌫y⌫m.

⌫ym⌫: see x-.
⌫ym⌫x = ⌫ym (see x-) + 1m⌫x.
ymp vb. ‘to lead astray, seduce, pervert’: 3 sg. fut. ym(p)t[q⌫] E27/52r2*; 3 pl. opt. ⌫ympyn-t
E28/11v20. Pres. pt. ympny ‘seducer’: pl. ⌫ympn✏t E28/23r22.
̇
ympn noun ‘deception, seduction, enticement’: ʾympn E28/13A9; ⌫ympn E27/13r28 (~ *⇡ywt⌫
‘seduction, deception’).
yms, ymps vb. ‘to come to an end, be finished’ ~ gmr p al ‘id.’ Lk16.9 E5/48r; E27/22v14*,
94v21; ~ (lm p al ‘id.’ E27/91v8; ≈ (lm pa el ‘to finish’ Mt10.23 E5/75v.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. or subj. ⌫ỵ̇mst Lk16.9 E5/48r; 3 sg. fut. ⌫ympstq⌫ E27/94v21; 3 pl. fut.
⌫ymsntq⌫ Mt10.23 E5/75v; 3 sg. impf. myms E27/22v14*, 48r29*, 91v8.
⌫yms⌫ = ⌫ym (see 1⌫y⌫m) + s⌫r.
⌫ÿn⌫: see ⌫yny.
yn qwc adj. ‘abusive’ E29/4v20.
ync f. ‘woman’ ~ ⌫ntt⌫, pl. n"⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; ~ nqbt⌫ ‘female’ Gal3.28 E6/3r.
—Forms: ⌫ nc Gal3.28 E6/3r; ⌫ync Lk10.38 E5/91r, Jn16.21 E5/79r; Gal4.4 E6/3v, 1Tim2.14
E6/18v*; E23; E26/28v4, 18; E27/68r8*, v7, 87v3*; obl. ⌫yncy E30/3r4; pl. ⌫ n(t Lk24.22, 24
E5/72r; ⌫y(t E26/28v27; obl. pl. ⌫ (ty E27/51v14*; E30/2v21; ⌫y(ty E27/12v12.
⌫yncyr: see ⌫ncyr.
yny, ÿn , S yny dem. adj. and pron. (i) sg. ‘this’ ~ hn⌫/hd⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps24; (ii) rarely pl. ‘these’
~ hlyn ‘id.’ Ps50.21*; E9/1r5 (–); E26/24v22, 23. The pl. hlyn ‘these (things)’ is sometimes
translated by ⌫yny ‘this (thing)’ (e.g. E24c1.56, 84; E28/9v20), by ⌫yny w⌫x( ‘this word/thing’
(e.g. E24c1.90 (x2); E26/25r11*, 31v23) or by ⌫yny ‘this’ + some other sg. noun (e.g. E26/
31r30; E28/9r27).
—Forms: ⌫ÿn⌫ E26; ⌫✏n✏ Lk2.15 E3r; E35A4*; ⌫✏ny E36/3v15; ⌫ n✏ E5; ⌫yn✏ E27/19r2*,
24r16*, 68v18*; ⌫yny Mt19.11 E2/2r*; Lk2.12 E3r; Mt10.23 E5/75v, Jn9.16 E5/100r;
1Cor11.25 E6/7v; E8r10; E9/1r5; E12/2r2; E23; E24; E26; E27; E28; E29/4r5, v15; E30/
4v13; MIK III/365.1; obl. ⌫ n✏ Jn9.29 E5/101r; S ⌫yny Ps; E21r1; SyrHT49v (Reck 2018,
49); 20222bv2, 20227v9*.
yr (Syr. name of a month) ‘Iyy#r’ E26/5v2.
ys / t, t, ⇠, S ys / t vb. ‘to come’ ~ ⌫ty p al ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 10; ~ ⇡ll p al ‘to enter’
E27/12v5; ~ hwy p al ‘to be’ E26/32r3 (wxr ⌫⌫ t ‘a voice came’ ~ ql⌫ hw⌫ ‘there was a voice’).
Phrases: pnt/pntq ys/ t ‘to come near’ ~ qrb p al ‘to approach’ E24c3.68 (–); E27/17v2,
27v16; E29/5r8 (–); qmpy ys ‘to become less, diminish’ E27/94v19 (≈ wsrn⌫ ‘diminution’).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫✏st Jn3.21 E5/23r*; E28/123A30*; ⌫ st E28/13B16, 17r7*, 52r26; ⌫yst
E26/1r17*; E27/51v3*, 94v19*; E28/11r7, 13A10*, 17r8*; 3 sg. pres. dur. ⌫ystsq E29/5r14; 2
sg. fut. ⌫ys✏q⌫n E28/17r10; ⌫ysyq⌫n E26/12r36; 3 sg. fut. ⌫✏stq⌫ E5; E27/52r16, v15; ⌫ystq⌫
Jn16.25 E5/79r; ⌫ystq⌫n E23.161 (MS ⌫stq⌫n!); E26/5v4; E28/13A15, 16v19; 3 pl. fut. ⌫✏sntq⌫
E27/11r17*, 48v20; ⌫ysntq⌫n E28/3r15; 3 sg. impf. ⌫✏s E27; ⌫ys E26; 3 pl. impf. ⌫✏snt E27; 3
sg. opt. ⌫✏s✏ E27/55v16; 3 sg. opt. mid. ⌫ysyt E28/74r6; ⌫ysyty E26/3r23; 3 pl. opt. mid.
⌫ysytynt E26/9r4; 1 sg. subj. ⌫✏sn E27/94v27; ⌫ysn E26/8v9; 3 sg. subj. ⌫ys⌫t E29/5r17; ⌫✏ṩt E5;
E27/52r6; ⌫ỵ̇st E27/77v13; ⌫✏st E27/3r9, 91v9; ⌫yst E23.185; 3 pl. inj. ⌫✏snt E27/94v29; E28/
1v23 (or pres.?); 1 sg. irr. ⌫✏swt✏ Lk19.23 E5/125v; 2 sg. impv. ⌫✏s E27/94r18; ⌫ys E23.231; 2
pl. impv. ⌫✏st⌫ Mt25.34 E5/126r; ⌫ st⌫ E28/17r24; ⌫yst⌫ E28/17r17, v15*; ⌫ystt E27/77r4*; 1 sg.
̇
itr. pret. ⌫ t m Jn16.28 E5/79v; ⌫ tym E23.286; 2 sg. itr. pret. ⌫⌫ ty( E26/30v32*; ʾ ty( E26/
1v20, 13v12*; 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫⌫ t E26/12r11*, 16r4*, 32r3; E29/5v13*, 6v17; t Gal3.25
̇
E6/3r; E27/52v14; ʾ t E26/25r15; ⌫ t E5; E23.233; E24c1.24; E26/3r22*; E28; E30/2r22; 3 sg.
f.(!) itr. pret. ⌫ t⌫ E23.118; 1 pl. itr. pret. ⌫ t m Mt25.39 E5/126r; ⌫ tym E28/8r24; 3 pl. itr.
pret. ⌫⌫ tnd E25/1r13; ⌫ tnt Lk2.16 E3r; Lk24.23 E5/72r; E26/28v10; E28/65v3, 10; E30/2r17;
⌫ +n+ E24c1.57, c3.68; past inf. t E27/17v2; fut. pt. ⌫ysycyq E29/5r8; pp. ⌫ t✏ Jn5.25 E5/41r,
Jn16.32 E5/79v; ⌫⌫ ty E26/29r9; S 3 pl. impf. ⌫ys⌫nt 20227v12*; pres. inf. pr ⌫ys Creed 10; pp.
⌫⌫ t⌫kh(!) Frg18.8.
ys mnty, * ys mn⇠y m. ‘coming, advent’ ~ m⌫tyt⌫ ‘id.’: ⌫✏s⌫mnty E27/52r19* (cf. 2Thess2.8),
54v27; ⌫ys⌫mnty E26/23v12; E27/57r11*; ⌫(y)[s⌫mn+y] E24/2bv1 (see Nestle 1889, 26, line
36); acc. sg. ⌫✏s⌫mnt↵ E27/51v1* (–); ⌫✏s⌫mntw E27/12v7*.
ys q m. PN ‘Isaac’: obl. ⌫ys⇠qy E28/44r5*; E36/2r3*.
⌫y(: see x-.
⌫qty m. ‘harem’: acc. sg. ⌫✏(qtw E27/13r24.
1
y⌫t noun ‘blight, mildew’(?) E26/5v17* (perhaps ~ yrqn⌫ ‘id.’, see BT XXXV, 53).
2,3
⌫y(t: see ⌫yc, ⌫ync.
⌫y(t⌫, ⌫y(+⌫: see x-.
⌫y(t w = ⌫y( (see x-) + t w.
⌫y(w : see ⌫[...]-⌫y(w .
S ⌫y(w : see y(w m(y⇠⌫.
⌫yt, S ⌫yt: see ⌫s.
S ⌫yw: see yw, ywt⌫c.
* ywm nqy f. ‘single-mindedness’(?): ⌫ywm[⌫nqy⌫] E28/114A1.
̇
ywzy m. ‘storm, tempest’: pl. ywz✏t E27/40r12 (~ m (wl⌫ ‘id.’); ʾywz✏t E28/19v9.
yzt noun ‘street, square’ ~ (wq⌫ ‘id.’: ⌫yzt E24c3.54 (–); obl. ⌫yzty E27/60v10; obl. pl. ⌫yztty
E27/31r19.
⌫yzt⌫: see zt⌫.
y⇡n, S y - n adj. ‘worthy’ ~ (wy p al act. pt. ‘id.’ E28/7r9, 14, v6. With b-/qt- ‘to be (found)
worthy’ ~ (wy etp el ‘id.’ E27; E28; ~ *py etpa al ‘to be sheltered’ E27/68r7; with wn-/qt-, S
kwn- ‘to make worthy’ ~ (wy ap el ‘id.’ Col1.12 E32/1v* (rest.!); Hymn 8; E27/57v6, 68r6;
E28/8v11; ~ ⇡ly pa el ‘to raise’ E28/14r1.—Cf. ⌫y,nty.
—Forms: ⌫y,n E25/1v9*; E27; E28; E31v21; pl. ⌫y,nt E27; E28; S pl. ⌫y⇣-⌫nt Hymn 8.
y⇡nty, y⇡ndy adj. ‘worthy’ ~ (wy p al act. pt. ‘id.’ Jn1.27 E5/19r. With b- ‘to be (found)
worthy’ ~ (wy etp el ‘id.’ E28/2av3, 9v7*; with wn-/qwn- ‘to make worthy’ ~ (wy ap el ‘id.’
E24c2.23; E28/8r18; ~ pny ap el ‘to cause to turn’(!) E24c2.19.—Cf. ⌫y,n.
—Forms: ⌫y,ndy E24c1.6, c2.19, 23; ⌫✏,nt✏ Jn1.27 E5/19r; ⌫y,nty E28/8r18, 9v7*, 21v3.
* y⇡nty f. ‘worthiness, honour’ E28/14r17* (z⌫yc[y]q ⌫y,[nty⌫] ‘earthly honour’ ~ ⌫r̈⇡nyt⌫ ‘earthly
(things)’).
z n, nz n, nzn, S ẓ- n, nz- n vb. ‘to confess, acknowledge, give thanks’ ~ ydy ap el ‘id.’ E5;
E18r6f; E27/27v12*, 120r1*; Ps33.2, 51.1-2. Pres. pt. *⌫z⌫nny as noun ‘confessor’ ~ mwdyn⌫
‘id.’ E27/48r21.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. ⌫nz⌫nnt E26/3v19; 1 pl. pres. dur. ⌫nz|nymsq E18r6f (mistake for
⌫nz⌫nymsq?); 1 sg. fut. ⌧z⌫ng⌫ Mt10.32 E5/76r; ⌫z⌫nnq⌫ E27/120r1*; 3 sg. fut. ⌫z⌫ntq⌫ E27/
27v12*; 2 sg. impf. mnz⌫ny E26/3r1; 3 sg. impf. mz⌫n E27/51v20; 3 sg. subj. ⌧z⌫nt Mt10.32
E5/76r; ⌫z⌫nt Jn9.22 E5/100v; 3 pl. inj. ⌫z⌫nnt E29/6r10; 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌫z⌫nd⌫rt Jn1.20 E5/19r
(x2); S 2 pl. impv. ⌫nz-⌫nt⌫ Ps33.2 (ed. ⌫⌫z-⌫nt⌫); 3 pl. tr. pret. ⌫ẓ-⌫n⌫rnt Ps51.1-2. Pres. pt.
* z nny ‘confessor’: pl. *⌫z⌫nn✏t (MS ⌫zn⌫n✏t!) E27/48r21.
z n-prsqy , z nprsqy f. ‘confession, acknowledgement, thanksgiving’: ⌫z⌫n-prsqy⌫ E27/27v13f*,
31r11 (~ twdyt⌫ ‘id.’), 51r16, 57v5 (~ ‘id.’), Dv6f* (restore ⌫z⌫n|[prsqy⌫]?); ⌫z⌫nprsqy⌫ E28/
19v8f* ([⌫z⌫npr]|sqy⌫), 26B3*, 77v21*.
S ⌫⌫ẓ⌫wn: see ⌫,wn.
†⌫zbdn+ E24c1.21: read ⌫z( )dn+.
⌫zc: see ⌫zty.
⌫zd⌫: see zt⌫.
zd qry f. ‘proclamation, message’ E24c3.42.—Cf. ⌫zt⌫qry, zt⌫qrqy⌫.
z d vb. (i) ‘to jump, leap up’ ~ (wr p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. impf. mz d E27/60v23; (ii) ‘to cross’ ~ ⇡br
p al ‘id.’: 3 pl. inj. ⌫z dn+ E24c1.21* (ed. ⌫z(b)dn+, read ⌫z( )dn+, cf. BT XII, 132, and Sun-
dermann 1988, 180).—Cf. *⌫nz ynt.
⌫zn⌫n✏t E27/48r21: mistake for *⌫z⌫nn✏t (see ⌫z⌫n).
znt, znt, zynt noun ‘story, account’ ~ t(⇡yt⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.1 E4*; E28/12r1, 14v19; ~ (rb⌫ ‘id.’
E27/39v14; E28/14v8, 17. In E26/23r14f the phrase (zn)[ty] pwsty ‘book of the story’ may
correspond to ktb⌫ d-t(⇡yt (rbh ‘book of the history of his story’ (MS C, f. 118b, line 16, see
BT XXXV, 58), while (zn)[t pwst](y) in E24c1.14 (thus restored by Sundermann 1984, 237
n. 66) would translate t(⇡yt⌫ alone.
—Forms: ⌫⌫znt E26/7v2, 23r20*, 24*; znt E27/48v24; E28/14v8; ⌫znt E24c1.14* (ed. ⌫(zy)[,
read ⌫(zn)[t with Sundermann 1984, 237 n. 66?); E26/23r22*; ⌫żỵ nt E28/106v5; ⌫zynt
̇
E31r11(?); obl. ⌫⌫znty E26/23r14*, 17*; znty E27/39v14; pl. zntt Lk1.1 E4*; ʾzntt E28/
14v19; ⌫zntt E28/12r1, 14v17.
S ⌫ẓ-prt, ⌫zp⌫rt: see zprt.
zt qry m. ‘herald’ ~ krwz⌫ ‘id.’ E23.215.—Cf. ⌫zd⌫qry⌫, zt⌫qrqy⌫.
ztq m adj. ‘exercising free will, free’ ~ ⌫r⌫ ‘free’ E26/28r9.
ztq my f. ‘freedom’ ~ ⌫rwt⌫ ‘id.’ E26/25r10*.
ztq r m. ‘soldier’ ~ ⌫s*r*yw*⌫ ‘id.’: pl. ⌫ztq⌫rt E27/77r11.
* ztpw q adj. ‘speaking out freely, free’(?): [⌫⌫z]tp(w)⌫q ~ br ⌫r̈⌫ ‘free’ E26/28r9*.
ztwny, ztwn f. ‘freedom, nobility’: ⌫ztwn E28/18r24, 26; ztwny E27/51r19; ⌫ztwny E27/57r6*
(~ ⌫rwt⌫ ‘freedom’).
zty, zty adj. ‘free, noble’ ~ br ⌫r̈⌫ ‘free’ Gal3.28 E6/3r, 1Cor12.13 E6/20r; ~ ⌫r⌫ ‘id.’
E26/25r21; ~ rr pa el pt. ‘id.’ E26/24v10* (rest.!). With b-/*qt- ‘to become free’ ~ rr
etpa al ‘to be freed’ Rom6.7 E32/1v* (rest.!); E28/4v21, 5r21, 26.
—Forms: ⌫⌫zty Rom6.7 E32/1v*; E26/24v10*, 34; E29/2r4, 8 (MS ⌫⌫ty!); zty Gal3.28 E6/3r;
̇
⌫zty E28/1v22, 4v21, 5r26, 18r24; f. zc E27/54r13; pl. ⌫⌫ztyt E26/25r21; ʾzt✏t 1Cor12.13 E6/
20r; ⌫zt✏t E28/5r21.
̈ ̈
zty-pwsty, * zty-pwstʾ m. ‘bill of manumission’ ~ (⌫)(*r rwr̈⌫ ‘id.’: [⌫](⌫z)ty-(p)[wst](ʾ) E26/
28r2; ⌫⌫zty-pwst[y] E26/24v13.
⌫zw, S ⌫zw, ⌫ẓ-w: see zw.
⌫zynt: see ⌫znt.
⇡ w, ⇡⇧, S - w vb. ‘to cause to live, give life to, vivify’ ~ yy ap el ‘id.’ Mt16.25 E5/127r*;
Tit3.5 E6/5r; E27/60r18, 32; ~ qwm ap el ‘to raise’ E28/2ar14. Pres. pt. ⇡ wny, S - wny as
adj. and m. noun ‘life-giving, life-giver’ ~ m yn⌫ ‘reviver, life-giver’ Tit3.4 E6/5r, Tit3.6 E6/
5v; Creed 11; ~ d- ÿ⌫ ‘of life’ E27/12v18.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. [⌫,⌫w⌫](m) Rom11.14 E6/5v(?); 3 sg. pres. ⌫,⌫wt E28/2ar14; ⌫,↵t E27/
60r18; 3 sg. impf. m,⌫w E27/60r32; E28/17v3*; 3 sg. subj. [⌫,⌫]ẉ̇t E28/24A28; ⌫,⌫wt Mt16.25
E5/127r*; 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌫,⌫wd⌫rt Tit3.5 E6/5r; E27/54r29; pres. pt. ⌫,⌫wn✏ E27/12v18; ⌫,⌫wn
Tit3.6 E6/5v; ⌫,⌫wny Tit3.4 E6/5r; E24c3.41; E29/6r17; S pres. pt. ⌫⇣-⌫wny Creed 11.
⇡ wrd vb. ‘to sharpen, gnash (the teeth)’ ~ rq pa el ‘id.’: ⌫, wrdntq 3 pl. pres. dur. E28/7r17.
⌫,t, ⌫⌫,t: see ⌫,y.
⌫,w: see ⌫,⌫w.
⌫,w-: see ,w-.
⇡wn, ⇡wn, S ẓ wn m. ‘son, child’ E29/6r1 (mrtxmy ⌫⌫,wn ‘Son of Man’), E26/2v23*
(collective). Otherwise always pl. ‘children, sons’ ~ bn̈y⌫ ‘sons’ Mt10.21 E5/75v, Lk16.8 E5/
48r (x2), Gal3.26 E6/3r; E26/27r11, v5, 28r17; E27/87r10, 102v24; E28/20r13 (cf. 1Jn3.15);
̈
E30/4v7 (SA Syr. 13); ~ yld⌫ ‘offspring, children’ 1Tim2.15 E6/18v.
—Forms: ⌫⌫,wn E26/2v23*; E29/6r1; pl. ⌫⌫,wnt E26; ,wnt E27/dv3*, 87r10; ⌫,wnt Mt10.21
E5/75v, Lk16.8 E5/48r (x2); Gal3.26 E6/3r; E27/52r15; E28/20r13; obl. pl. ⌫⌫,wnty E26/2v19,
27v5; ,wnt 1Tim2.15 E6/18v; ⌫,wnty E27/102v24; E30/4v7; E33B2*; voc. pl. ⌫⌫,wnty E26/
28r17; S ⌫⌫ẓ⌫wn[ O2497.4.
* ⇡wn-brc noun ‘womb’: [⌫,]wn-brc[ E38B3.
⇣⇡wn-w dqy✓ f. ‘status of sons, adoption’ ~ symt bn̈y⌫ ‘id.’ Gal4.5 E6/3v.
⇡wyrny pres. pt. ‘ill-wisher, spiteful enemy’ ~ sqwr⌫ ‘id.’: pl. ⌫,wyrn✏t E27/23v29.
⇡y, ⇡y / ⇡t, ⇡t, S - yt, -yt, -t vb. ‘to be born, come into being’ ~ yld etp el ‘to be born’
Mt2.1 E3v; Jn9.20 E5/100v, Jn9.32, 34 E5/101v, Jn16.21 E5/79r; Creed 3, 6; E28/5r24*,
12v25, 14r21; ~ b*n etp el ‘to be conceived’ Ps51.7*; ~ hwy p al ‘to come into being’ Gal4.4
E6/3v. In E1/1v (Mt1.5*, 10*, 12*, 13) the tr. form yld ap el ‘to beget’ is consistently para-
phrased using the itr. pret (cn ... ⌫,t ‘from ... was born’), perhaps as a euphemism.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ⌫,yt E28/52v28; 3 pl. pres. [⌫,✏nt E28/3r26, corrected to ⌫y,nt ‘worthy’];
⌫,ynt E28/12v25, 58B6*; 3 sg. pres. dur. ⌫, tqn E28/14r21; 3 pl. pres. dur. ⌫⌫,yntq E26/27r17;
1 sg. itr. pret. ⌫,tym E28/5r24*; 2 sg. itr. pret. ⌫,t[y(] Jn9.34 E5/101v*; 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫,t E1;
Mt2.1 E3v; Jn9.20 E5/100v*, Jn16.21 E5/79r; ,t Gal4.4 E6/3v; ⌫⌫,t E29/2v3; pp. ⌫,t✏ Jn9.32
E5/101v; S 1 sg. itr. pret. ⌫⌫⇣-tym Ps51.7*; 3 sg. itr. pret. ⌫⌫⇣-⌫yt Creed 3; ⌫⌫⇣-yt Creed 6.
⇡y mnty, ⇡y mnty m. ‘birth’: ,y⌫ṃ̇nty Tit3.5 E6/5r (~ mwld⌫ ‘id.’); ⌫⌫,y⌫mnty E29/2v4;
⌫,y⌫mnty E26/6B4.
[...]- y⌫w m. PN ‘...-i(o⇡’ E22.5.
S [ vb. ‘to embitter, sadden’ ~ mrmr quad. ‘id.’ Ps5.11.
S ⇡M: see dn.
b-, bw-, wb- / qt-, q⇠-, S ⌦-, ⌦w- / kt-, krt- vb. ‘to become, come into being, come to pass,
happen, occur; to be’ ~ hwy p al ‘id.’ NT+; Ps19.15, 33.9; Hymn 9; Creed 5;5 rarely ~ ⌫yt (+
personal suffix) ‘to be’ E24c1.81; E26/24r10, 27r5; E27/31v26, 57r28; E28/3v19, 8v26; even
more rarely ~ h , ⌫nwn (3rd person pron. used as copula) E24c1.85; E28/3v18, 4v30; ~ ⇡bd
p al pass. pt. ‘to be made; to become’ E26/24r13; ≈ qny p al ‘to acquire’ E27/31r18. Itr. pot.
qt⌫ b- ‘to be possible; can be’ ~ (k ap el pt. ‘id.’ Mt24.24 E5/51r; E27/31r18; E28/10r16*; ~
m)y p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E27/61r30*; E28/1r23* (rest.!).—The verb b-/qt- is sometimes added
where a Syriac sentence has no verb, e.g. ⌫yny b⌫t qw (()[m⌫x s⌫ x(nyrq] ~ hd⌫ lkwn ⌫t⌫ ‘this
5
In Lk16.12 E5/48v qt (t⌫ appears to translate (k etp el ‘to be found’, but the text has probably been influenced by
the parallel passage in the preceding verse, which has hwy p al. See Sims-Williams 2016, 70.
(will be) a sign for you’ Lk2.12 E3r; cw bwt mn⌫ ~ m⌫ ly ‘what (is it) to me?’ Jn2.4 E5/21r. It
is also used as a copula with adjectives etc. and as the auxiliary of the itr. pot. and the passive;
the relevant forms of b-/qt- are included in the list below, but in general the Syr. equivalents
of such expressions should be sought under the principal word. As auxiliary of the itr. pot. b-
can translate m)y p al pass. pt. ‘to be possible’ (+ subordinate clause), e.g. E27/22r8.—Cf.
2
wn-/qt-.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. (as subj.) b⌫m Jn17.26 E5/83r*; Rom11.19 E6/6r; E26/23r23; 3 sg. pres.
bwt E5; 1Cor11.24 E6/7v*; Col1.15 E32/2; E23.346; E26; E27; E28; E29/4v13, 5v19; E30/
5v22; E38B4; E42B7*, 9; 1 pl. pres. bym Rom.6.5 E32/1; E26/27r5; E27/94r6; 3 pl. pres. bnt
Mt10.29 E5/76r*; E26; E27; E28; E31r21; 1 sg. pres. dur. b⌫msq E28/7v2; 2 sg. pres. dur.
bysqwn E26/1r10; 3 sg. pres. dur. bwtq E27; E28/7v1, 8r13, 14r23; E30/3r11*; bwtqn E26/
31v14; E28/1r14, 20r1*(?); bwtsq E26/9v3*, 24r10 (for pl.?); 1 pl. pres. dur. bymsq E28/8r8;
b msqn E28/14r22; bymsqn E28/14r6, 8, 13*, 16; 3 pl. pres. dur. bntq E28; bntqn E28/
13A2*(?); bnts[q] E27/22r8; 1 sg. fut. bnq⌫ E27/48r3; E28/7r14; 2 sg. fut. b✏q⌫ Lk1.76 E5/6v;
byq⌫ Rom11.22 E6/6v*; byq⌫m E29/5v1; b✏q⌫n E28/11v26*; byq⌫n E28/9r31; E30/5r17;
wbyq⌫n E26/1v5; 3 sg. fut. bwtq⌫ Mt6.23 E1/2r*; Lk2.10 E3r; E5; E27; E28; E31v19; bwtq⌫m
E23.160; E29; bwtq⌫n Rom6.9 E32/1; E23.161; E26; E28; E30/6v19*; bw+q⌫n E24c1.79; 1 pl.
fut. bymq⌫n Rom6.2 E32/1; 2 pl. fut. bwt⌫q⌫ E5; bwtq⌫ Jn16.32 E5/79v; bwt.q⌫ E27/68r6; 3 pl.
fut. bntq⌫ Mt21.31 E5/38r, Jn20.23 E5/76v; E27/23v24, 48r11, 69v20; E28/11v5; bntq⌫n E26;
E28/16r13; 3 sg. #z-impf. b⌫z E27/22v16, 48r16, 69v20; E28/3r1*; 3 pl. #z-impf. b⌫znt E27/
60r29; 3 pl. opt. #z-impf. b⌫z✏nt E28/23r21; 3 sg. impf. b⌫ E5; Rom11.15 E6/5v; E25/1r12;
E26; E27; E28; E34r11*(?); E36/2r3* (ed. [m⌫t], more likely (b)[⌫] with Cat.); wb⌫ E26; 3 pl.
impf. bnt E27; bntt(!) E27/22r15; 3 sg. impf. dur. b⌫sq Lk1.80 E5/6v; E26/9r2; E28/2ar4*; 2
sg. opt. b✏ Lk16.2 E5/48r(?); E28/18r24; b-y E27/31v26; b E28/18r26, 36v7, 112B3(?); by
̈
E28; E30/4r11*, 6r5; 3 sg. opt. b⌫ Rom6.6 E32/1; b✏ Mt10.24, 25 E5/75v, Lk24.47 E5/83v;
E27; E28/1r19, v5; b-y E27; b E28/1v22, 21B5, 36r6, 59B4*(?); by E24c2.13; E27/25r2*;
̈
E28; E31v22; wb⌫ E26; wby E26/25v21, 29v4*; 1 pl. opt. b✏m E28/20v12; bym Lk1.74
E5/6v; Tit3.7 E6/5v*; E28; wbym E26/27r4; 3 pl. opt. b-nt E27/68v5; b✏nt E27/55v29, 66v9,
68v8; E28/4v30, 7r16, 16v26, 29B3*; b-ynt E27; bynt E27/7v23*, 108r4; E28/14r6*, 30B3*;
E31r23, v1; b✏ntt(!) E27/7v19; 3 pl. opt. dur. b-nt-sqwn E27/25r1; b✏ntq E28/8r11; byntq
E28/8r11; b✏ntqn E28/23v2 (see also qt⌫byntqn); 3 sg. fut. opt. wbyq⌫n E26/2r22; 3 sg. opt.
mid. *byty E23.267 (MS bnty!—cf. Gershevitch 1946, 183); wbyty E26/3r15*, 5r17; 3 pl.
opt. mid. byt✏nt E28/2ar10; wbytynt E26/12v1, 14v8; 3 sg. fut. opt. mid. bytyq⌫ E27/54r16; 1
sg. subj. b⌫n E26/1v4; E27/13r23, 68r8; E28; E45r12*(?); wb⌫n E26/24v32; 3 sg. subj. b⌫t
Mt6.22 E1/2r*; Lk2.12, 14* E3r; Jn1.31 E5/19v*, Jn16.24 E5/79r, Jn17.26 E5/83r; 1Tim2.9
E6/18r; E8r10; E12/2r15; E23.157, A29; E24c1.8, c3.17; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/3r5*;
E38A8; wb⌫t E40r7*(?); MIK III/365.4; 1 sg. inj. b↵ E27/102v24; 2 pl. inj. (b)[w](t)[t] E27/
104r2; 3 pl. inj. bnt Lk12.35 E5/130r, Jn3.20 E5/23r*, Jn5.26 E5/41r; E26/23v27, 27v4*,
28r15; E28/11r3(?); E29/4v16; bn+ E24c1.63; 1 sg. fut. inj. b↵q⌫ E27/69v21; 3 sg. irr. b↵ty
E27/13v24; bwt✏ Jn9.32, 33 E5/101v; bwt-[y] E27/91r6; bwt 1Cor12.17 E6/20v (x2); bwty
E28/66v30; 2 pl. irr. bwt✏(t⌫ Jn15.19 E5/73v; 2 sg. impv. b⌫ Lk19.17, 19 E5/125r; E23.178,
179, 231, 20A2 (or 3 sg. impf.?); E24c3.15; E26/1r15, v11, 15r12; E27; E28; E30; 2 pl. impv.
bwt⌫ Mt10.16 E5/75r; Col1.11 E32/2; E29/1r5; bwt⌫ Lk12.36 E5/130r (altered from bwtq⌫);
bwtt E27/104r6*; pres. inf. pr (...) bw Jn9.27 E5/101r; E28/12v4, 8; pr ... b✏ Lk24.29 E5/72v;
3 sg. pres. itr. pot. qt⌫ bwt E27/14r22, 31r18; E28/1v18; qt⌫[bw]t E27/61r30; 3 pl. pres.(?) itr.
pot. qt⌫ bnt E31r21; 3 sg. fut. itr. pot. qt⌫ bwtq⌫n E26/14r3; 3 sg. impf. itr. pot. qt⌫ b⌫ E26/3v6; 3
pl. opt. dur. itr. pot. [q](t⌫b)yntqn E28/10r16; 3 sg. subj. itr. pot. qt⌫ b⌫t Mt24.24 E5/51r*; E26/
30v23; 1 sg. itr. pret. qt✏m E26/28r11; qt m Jn9.15 E5/100r*; qtym E23.300; E24c2.2; E26/
24v34, 28r1*, 6; 2 sg. itr. pret. qt ( Lk19.17 E5/125r, Jn9.15 E5/100r (qt (t w); qty( E20r1*;
[E23.222, mistake for qt(]; E26/16v7, 27v37*; E27; E28/18r28, 23v23; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. qt
Lk2.17 E3v*; E5; Tit3.4 E6/5r*; qty Lk2.20 E3v; Mt17.5 E5/127v*, Jn9.18 E5/100v; 1Cor5.7
E6/7r; Rom6.6 E32/1; E20v2*, 4*, 7; E23; [E23A7 mistake for 2qt]; E24; E26; E27; E28;
E29; E33A7 (2nd qty), B3; E34v9; E36; E43B4; 3 sg. f. itr. pret. qt⌫ E27/57v27; 1 pl. itr. pret.
qtym⌫ Rom6.4 E32/1; qtym⌫n E26/27r2; 2 pl. itr. pret. qt (t⌫ Mt21.32 E5/38r, Lk16.11, 12 E5/
48v; qty(t⌫ Col1.6 E32/2; 3 pl. itr. pret. qtnd E25/1v16, 18; qtnt Lk2.13 E3r*; E5; Rom11.19
E6/6r*; E26; E27; E28; E29/1v6, 3v7*, 4v20; E30/1r15*; E34v8*; q+n+ E24c1.81, c3.42, 51;
2 sg. irr. itr. pret.(?) qty(y E27/126r27 (thus BT XII, but probably merely a mistake for 2 sg.
itr. pret. qty(, see Pirtea in BT XLV, 138); past inf. qty E27/22v13; dur. pt. b✏q Lk1.65 E5/6r;
pp. qt✏ E27/12v2; S 3 pl. pres. ⌘nt Creed 1 (x2); 3 sg. fut. ⌘wtk⌫n Ps19.14*; 1 pl. opt. ⌘ym
Hymn 9; 3 sg. subj. ⌘⌫t Ps20.2; 12600Iv[m], IIv[m], 12720r[m] (Reck 2018, 21); 3 pl. inj. ⌘nt
Ps5.12 (x2), 19.15; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. ⌫krty 20223r5; kty Creed; 3 pl. itr. pret. ⌫krt⌫ntw Ps33.9
(x2); (k)[tnt] Ps5.6.
b d adv. ‘at times, sometimes’. Always (except in broken passages) repeated: b d b d ‘from time
to time’ ~ b-zbn zbn ‘id.’ E27/31v12; E28; b d ... b d ... ‘at one time ... at another time ...’
E26/5r13f; E27/39v1f* (~ b-zbn ... b-zbn ... ‘id.’), 111r3f* (~ id.); E28/11v[11-]12*, 14v7 (~
id.), 125B3*.
b noun ‘garden, vineyard’ ~ krm⌫ ‘vineyard’: b⌫ Mt21.33 E5/38r, Mt21.39, 41 E5/38v;
E24c3.28 (ed. b⌫ y, read b⌫ with Cat.) (–); obl. b⌫ Mt21.40 E5/38v.
b d ry m. ‘gardener’ ~ pl ⌫ ‘labourer, farm worker’: pl. b⌫ d⌫r✏t E5; b⌫ d⌫ryt Mt21.38, 40 E5/
38v.
b m m. ‘dawn’ ~ )pr⌫ ‘id.’: b⌫m E27/17r2; b⌫msy⌫ E27/22r10.
b mcny noun ‘dawn’ E9/2r14.
b mcyq adj. ‘of the dawn’ E11.4.
b mqyny f. ‘splendour’: obl. (error for dir.) b⌫mqyny⌫- E27/54r25 (~ hdr⌫ ‘id.’, 2Chron20.21?—
see BT XII, 88 n. 10).
b⌫mn: see db⌫mn.
b msn noun ‘dawn’: obl. b⌫msny E28/11r8.
b msnyq adj. ‘of the dawn’ E24c3.58.
b⌫msy⌫ = b⌫m + sy⌫ (see sy-).
b r ny, b r̈ n adj. ‘transient, transitory’: b⌫r̈ n⌫ E26/2v10; b⌫r ny E26/2v6*, 20*, 24v9 (~ ⇡bwr⌫
‘id.’); voc. sg. m. b⌫r n⌫ E28/17r2*.
b⌫rqy⌫ E28/3r24: see y⌫n+b⌫rqy⌫.
b⌫rx(: see brx(-.
b ry m. ‘rider’ ~ rkb⌫ ‘id.’: pl. b⌫r✏t E27/60v28.
*b rycyq m. ‘riding-animal’ ~ rkwb⌫ ‘id.’: pl. b(⌫r)[ycyqt] E27/77r5.
b⌫t: see b-, yw-b⌫t.
b w, S *⌦ w vb. (i) ‘to suffice’ ~ spq p al ‘id.’ E23.157; E27/94v28; (ii) ‘to approach, draw near
to, reach, touch’ ~ qrb etpa al ‘id.’ Ps32.6*; ~ m*y p al ‘to reach’ E27/39r1, 60r6; ~ m*y
etpa al ‘id.’ E27/91r5; E28/7r22; ~ smk p al ‘to reach (land)’ E25/1v13f* (rest.!); also in the
phrase pnt b w ‘to draw near’ ~ qrb p al ‘to approach’ Lk24.28 E5/72v; ~ qrb etpa al ‘to be
brought near, approach’ E27/87r4.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. dur. b⌫wntq E28/7r22, 25B4; 2 sg. fut. b⌫w✏q⌫ E28/11v22; 3 pl. fut.
b⌫wntq⌫ E27/94v28; 3 sg. #z-impf. b⌫w⌫z E27/39r1; 3 sg. impf. b⌫w E27/60r6, 87r4, 91r5; 3 pl.
impf. [b⌫wn](t) E28/10v11; 3 sg. opt. mid. b⌫wyty E26/14r8; 2 sg. impv. b⌫w E30/6v9; pres.
inf.(?) b⌫w E28/8r8; 3 sg. tr. pret. b⌫wd⌫rt E36/3v13*; 3 pl. tr. pret. [b⌫wd](⌫)r[nd] E25/1v13f;
b⌫wd⌫rnt Lk24.28 E5/72v; fut. pt. b⌫wcyq E23.157; S [⌘⌫](w)t 3 sg. pres. Ps32.6.
b wnyq adj. ‘sufficient, able’ Mt10.25 E5/75v (~ spq p al act. pt. ‘id.’); E28/2ar4 (b⌫wnyq b- ‘to
be sufficient’ ~ spq p al ‘to suffice’).
b wwny, bwẉ̇ny, b ww⇢y adj. ‘sufficient, able’ ~ spq p al act. pt. ‘id.’: b⌫↵wny E27/31v29;
b⌫ww-y(!) E26/14v19 (–); bwẉ̇ny E27/40r8*, 11; [b⌫w]wn E28/3r13.
b x⌫y noun ‘distribution, assignment’ E26/3v17.—Cf. bx(-.
S ⌦ y s nkwn m. PN ‘Bay Sa!un’: obl. ⌘⌫y s⌫nkwny 12600IIv[m].
b⌫y⌫m: see by⌫m.
1
b z noun ‘fathom’ E26/8r3*.
2
b⌫z: see b-.
b z f. ‘arm’: b⌫z⌫ E28/9v28; pl. b⌫zyt E26/31r20 (~ dr⇡⌫ ‘id.’).
b⌫, d: see b, d-.
bbl, S p pyl GN ‘Babylon’: obl. bbly Mt1.11 E1/1v; S p⌫pyl Ps 24.0.
bbtsmyq E27/55v17: mistake for *bttsmyq.
bby m. PN ‘B#bay’ E27/48r25.
bd n noun ‘bridle, restraint’ E28/66v24.
bg-, bğ⌫nyq, bg⌫nyq: see b -, b ⌫nyq.
bg nyqry⇡-mync adj. ‘pertaining to the will of God’ ~ d-)bynh d-⌫lh⌫ ‘of the will of God’
Col1.9 E32/2r*.
b -, bg-, S ⌦ - m. ‘god, God’ ~ ⌫lh⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; Creed; ~ mry⌫ ‘the Lord’ Ps; E26/23v26*,
31r5; E27/27v11, 102r21; ~ ⇡bwdn ‘Our Creator’ Ε27/126v27; ~ mrn ‘Our Lord’ E28/9v30; ~
y(w⇡ m(y ⌫ ‘Jesus Christ’ E23.285; ~ ⌫plw ‘Apollo’ E23.293. In E28/1v3-4 yw b - ‘the one
God’ and b - ‘God’ successively translate d ‘the One’. E26/28v17 seems to be the only
instance in a Christian text where the voc. sg. b ⌫ ‘sir’ (~ mry ‘my lord’) is used to address a
man. Phrases: b - ptr- ‘God the Father’ ~ ⌫b⌫ ‘the Father’ E5; E26/27r7, 31r13; E27/91v6;
nw⌫y b - ‘eternal God’ ~ ⌫lh⌫ ‘God’ E26; E27/23r5; sm ncyq b - ‘heavenly God’ ~ ⇡ly⌫ ‘the
Exalted One’ Lk1.76 E5/6v; ~ rwm pa el pass. pt. ‘id.’ E18r9; xwt w/xwtw b -, S xwt w ⌦ -
‘the Lord God’ ~ mry⌫ ‘the Lord’ Lk2.15 E3r; Mt21.42 E5/38v, Lk1.66 E5/6r, Lk1.76 E5/6v;
Ps33.4, 10, 34.8, 9; Creed 2; E27 (chiefly in Old Testament quotations); E28/5r25, v11*; ~ τῷ
κυρίῳ ‘id.’ Ps33.2; ~ ⌫lh⌫ ‘God’ E27/14v12; E28/65v13; voc. xwtw b ⌫ ~ mry ‘my Lord’ E27/
12r1, v16, 27v27.
—Forms: nom. sg. b E5; Rom11.23 E6/6v, Gal4.4 E6/3v; E28/1r1, 42A5*(?), 65v13; b ✏
E27/23r28, 77v15; E28/23r11; b y Lk2.15 E3r; Jn9.29, 31 E5/101r, Jn20.21 E5/76v; E18v3;
E21v2; E23; E24; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/3r6*; nom. sg. (as acc.) bgy Col.1.10*, 12 E32/2;
b Lk2.20 E3v; Lk1.64 E5/6r, Jn16.23 E5/79r, Jn16.28 E5/79v; b y Lk2.13 E3r*; E23.142;
E26; E28/5r29, 9r16, 69B10*, 118A6*; E29/4v12, 22, 6r21; nom. sg. (as voc.) b y E26/
23v26*; nom. sg. (as abl.) b y E26/24v35; acc. sg. b w E18v11; E25/1v15; E26/1v21, 15r8,
31v28; E27; E28; E29/8v5*; wb w E27/69v19, 94v14; E28/5r20; gen. sg. [bg](y)[ Col.1.15
E32/2; bγ̈⌫ E18r9; b ✏ Lk1.66 E5/6r, Lk1.76 (x2), 78 E5/6v, Lk24.19 E5/72r; E26/2r22, 23;
E27/56r9*, 60r4, 102r21; b- y E27/51v10; b E5; Tit3.4 E6/5r; E28/17v2, 22B5, 74r9*,
v13(?); b y Mt10.29 E5/76r; E21v2; E23; E24c1.17, c3.5; E26; E27; E28; E29/2r1, 6r14;
E30/2r5; E31v5; E36/2v15; E45r12; nb ✏ E27/126v27; nb y E28/4v21; abl. sg. b ⌫ E5; E26;
E27; E28; E30/3r16*; voc. sg. b ⌫ Mt21.42 E5/38v, Jn17.25 E5/83r; E19v2, 3*; E20r1, 2, 8;
E23.179; E26; E27; E28/77v21(?), 93B4; E29/4v21, 6r8; obl. b Lk16.13 E5/48v; pl. b ✏(t
E27/6r15; b y(t E23; E26; E27/69r14; E29/8r2, 10*, v4; obl. pl. b y(ty E26/3r8, 30v20, 22*
(mistake for gen. sg.); S nom. sg. ⌘ y Ps; Creed 4*; E44/24r1; Frg18.5, 7; acc. sg. ⌘ w Ps;
Creed 1, 2; gen. sg. ⌘ y Ps33.4, 34.8, 16; Creed 2; abl. sg. ⌘ ⌫ Ps24.5, 51.1-2*; Creed 4; voc.
sg. ⌘ ⌫ Ps; encl. voc. sg.(?) ⌘ 12600Iv[m].
b ⌫np(qty: see b ⌫ny(pqty.
b nyq, bğ nyq, bg nyq, S ⌦ nyk, ⌦ nykw adj. ‘divine, of God’ ~ d-⌫lh⌫ ‘of God’ NT+;
Ps19.2; ~ d-b-⌫lh⌫ ‘in God’ E28/14r25; ~ lwt ⌫lh⌫ ‘towards God’ E28/12v12; ~ d-mn ⌫lh⌫ ‘by
God’ E27/31r3; ≈ ⌫lh⌫ ‘God’ E28/12v16; ~ d-mry⌫ ‘of the Lord’ Ps; ~ ⌫lhy⌫ ‘divine’ E26/
24r15* (rest.!); E27/31r23; E28/7v10, 8v10* (rest.!), 12r27; ~ d-rw ‘of the spirit’ E27/
61v24. Phrases: b nyq brz ‘divine agency’ ~ mprnsnwt⌫ ‘providence’ E27/31r8; b nyqt
zprt dyty ‘holy ones of God’ ~ lbÿ(y ⌫lh⌫ ‘(those) clothed in God’ E28/12v16. Note also that
Syr. *ybwt⌫ ‘goodness, favour, grace’, even when it is not accompanied by d-⌫lh⌫ ‘of God’, is
often translated b nyq ⌫yr qty ‘divine Grace’, e.g. E27/57r3, 61r22f, 83r2; E28/1r21,
3r22f*.—Cf. nw(y-b ⌫nyq.
—Forms: bg⌫nyq Col1.10 E32/2r*; bğ⌫nyq E25/1r2, v16; b ⌫n q Gal3.26 E6/3r; E28/65r13;
b ⌫nyq Mt21.31 E5/38r*, Lk6.12 E5/91v; 1Cor1.24* (x2), 25 E6/12r*; E8v2f*, 5; E23.67,
264*, 272; E24; E25/1r11; E26; E27; E28; E29/5v7, 17, 6r16; E30; E31r7, v4*, 7; pl. b ⌫nyqt
E26/24r15*; E27/61r28*; E28/12v16, 16v24; S ⌘ ⌫nyk Ps; ⌘ ⌫nykw Ps19.2.
b nyp⌫, S *⌦ ny⌫p m. ‘bridegroom’: b ⌫nyp( Jn2.9 E5/21v* (~ tn⌫ ‘id.’); E27/48v20;
E35B1*, 2*; S [⌘ ⌫]ny(p Ps19.6 (~ id.).
b ny⌫pqty, *b nyp⌫qty, b np⌫qty m. ‘wedding, marriage (feast)’: b ⌫np(qt✏ Lk12.36
E5/130r (~ byt m(twt⌫ ‘wedding’), Jn2.1 E5/21r* (~ m(twt⌫ ‘(wedding) feast’); b ⌫(n)[yp(qty]
E30/5v17* (~ ‘wedding’ SA Arm. 25); b ⌫ny(p)[(qty] E35B4*; b ⌫ny(pqt✏ E27/48v21 (~
m(twt⌫ Mt22.3, see BT XII, 95?); b ⌫ny(pqty E26/27r14* (~ lwl⌫ ‘(wedding) feast’).
S *⌦ ↵ ny m. ‘temple’(?): [⌘] ⌫ny U6109r2 (Reck 2018, 54).
b q nc (Sogdian name of a month) E24c1.19 (~ knwn ⌫ ry ‘Latter K#non’).
b lzḅ⇧b (name of the devil) ‘Beelzebub’ Mt10.25 E5/75v.
b mptw m. ‘(heathen) priest’ ~ kwmr⌫ ‘id.’ E26/27v7, 12, 29*.
b n- n. ‘altar; temple’: nom. sg. b nw E36/3v12 (~ hykl⌫ ‘temple’, Jn2.20?—see Sundermann
1988, 179 n. 54), 14; acc. sg. b nw E27/25v1; abl. sg. b [n⌫] E27/25r23.
b ny adj. ‘naked’ ~ ⇡r*ly⌫ ‘id.’: b n✏ Mt25.43, 44 E5/126v; ḅ̇ [ny] E28/26A12 (–); b ny E36/
2r14 (cf. Gen3.10, see Sundermann 1988, 177 n. 46).
b t-: see bx(-.
b y qy f. ‘divinity, godhead’: b y⌫qy⌫ E24c3.16 (≈ ⌫lhy⌫ ‘divine’); E25/1v10* (~ ⌫lhwt⌫
‘divinity’); obl. b y⌫qy⌫- E27/12v17 (~ mrwt⌫ ‘lordship’); b y⌫qy⌫y E28/4v22 (~ ⌫lhwt⌫).
b yst n, b ys⇠ n, S *⌦ yst n noun ‘sanctuary, temple, church, convent’ ~ ⇡dt⌫ ‘church’ E26/
23v22, 29*; E28/9r7; ~ dyr⌫ ‘convent’ E26/28v2*, 7, 15*; ~ hykl⌫ ‘temple’ E26/31r27.
—Forms: b ✏st⌫n E35A4; b yst⌫n E26/14v2*, 28v2*, 7; b ys+⌫n E24c3.32; obl. b yst⌫ny E26;
E28/9r7; S obl. ](⌘ )yst⌫ny 20110B2 (Reck 2018, 36).
b yst ncyq, b yst ncyg adj. ‘pertaining to the church’: b yst⌫ncyg E28/9r3 (~ d-⇡dt⌫ ‘of the
church’); b yst⌫ncyq E28/9r4.
bhl GN ‘Balkh’ E24c3.31.
b-qp⌫r: see byqp⌫r.
bkws, S pk ws m. PN ‘Bacchus’: bkws E8r1; S pk⌫ws 20230+v1 (Reck 2006, 245-6).
blt⌫cr m. PN ‘Belteshazzar’ E29/4v6.—Apparently reinterpreted as a GN, see BT XXXII, 101.
bn adj. ‘long’ (of time) E27/12r9 (~ sgy⌫⌫ ‘much’), 31v27 (~ ngyr⌫ ‘long’).
bn w vb. ‘to shake’ (itr.): bn⌫w✏nt 3 pl. opt. E28/19v10.—Cf. bnwqc.
bnd⌫m: see bnt⌫m.
bnq⌫, 1bnt, 1bn+: see b-.
2
bnt, 2bn⇠ noun (i) ‘bond, fetter’ ~ pkr⌫ ‘bond’ E26/24r36; ~ ⌫swr⌫ ‘bond, fetter’ E27/22r7, 9*;
(ii) ‘interdict, curse, anathema’ E8r10, v2 (in both passages perhaps ~ 2⌫sr⌫ ‘bond, fetter; inter-
dict, curse, anathema’, see BT XLV, 12); E28/9v26* (pr b[nt ](q+⌫rt) ‘put under a interdict’ ~
lw* p al ‘to curse’); (iii) also used as the name of a small coin ~ 1⌫sr⌫ ‘ἀσσάριον’ (probably by
confusion with 2⌫sr⌫, cf. Sundermann 1974, 253 n. 150) Mt10.29 E5/76r.
—Forms: bnt Mt10.29 E5/76r*; E26/24r36; E28/9v26*; bn+ E8r10, v2; pl. bntt E27/22r7, 9*;
E28/15v5.
bnt m, bnd m, bn⇠ m noun ‘penalty, punishment’ E29/3r6. Phrases: mrc bn⇠ m *b-/qt- ‘to be
sentenced to death’ E24c2.2 (≈ dyn⌫ d-mwt⌫ ‘sentence of death’), variant [m]r[cy ](bnt) m
(q)[t-] E29/3v7*; mrcy bnt m pwsty (and variants) ‘death sentence document’ ~ ⌫ppsys
‘sentence’ E23A12; E24c2.3; ~ msm-b-r(⌫ d-mwt⌫ ‘penalty of death’ E24c2.1f.
—Forms: bnt⌫m E23A12; E29/3r6, v7*; bn+⌫m E24c2.2; obl. bnd⌫my E24c2.1; bn+⌫my
E24c2.3.
bntqty m. (i) ‘prison’ ~ byt ⌫syr̈⌫ ‘id.’: bntqt✏ Mt25.43 E5/126v*; E27/25v5*, 69r22; bntqty E27/
14v22f*, 68r17; (ii) ‘house of bondage’(?) ~ byt ⇡bdwt⌫ ‘id.’: abl. sg. (b)[n](t)[-qt⌫] E27/94v9.
bntqwny f. ‘bondage, servitude, service’ E28/18r26; ~ (w⇡bd⌫ ‘subjection’ E26/25r23; ~ ⇡bdwt⌫
‘bondage, servitude’ E26/28r6, 8, 13; E28/5r25.
̈
bnty, bnt , S *⌦nty m. ‘servant, slave’ ~ ⇡bd⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps19.12*; ≈ ⇡bdwt⌫ ‘slavery’ E26/28r7.
̈
—Forms: bnt⌫ E26/28r7; bnt✏ E5; E27/51r19; bnty Gal3.28 E6/3r; E23; [E23.267 mistake for
byty]; E26; E27/27r6, 66v3*; E28/23r8, 66v21; voc. bnt⌫ Lk19.17, 22 E5/125r; E27/22r7*; pl.
bnt✏t Gal4.1 E6/3v; E28/5r28*; bntyt 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*; E24c3.28; E26/27r5; E29/6v2; obl.
pl. bnt✏t Mt21.36 E5/38v, Lk12.37 E5/130r; [bnty]t Lk19.15 E5/125r*; bntyty Mt21.34
E5/38r*; E26/5r3, 25r9, 21; E27/23v28*; S [⌘](n)ty Ps19.12.
bnty-pwsty m. ‘bill of servitude’ ~ ⌫(*r ⇡bdwt⌫ ‘id.’ E26/25r13. Phrase qt nymync bnty-pwsty
‘bill of servitude of sin’ ~ ⌫(*r ẅbt⌫ ‘bill of debts’ E26/24v27*; pl. qt⌫nymync bnty-pwstyt ~
id. E26/24v23.
bntypy m. ‘jailer’ E27/22r11 ([xw](()tr bntypy ‘chief jailer’ ~ rb byt ⌫syr̈⌫ ‘prison governor’).
bnwqc noun ‘trembling, terror’ ~ zw⇡t⌫ ‘id.’ E27/69r20*.—Cf. bn⌫w.
br: see ḅ̇r+ lṃ̇y, y(w br nwn.
br- / brt, S ⌦r- / ⌦rt vb. ‘to bear, carry, take, perform, endure’ ~ ybl ap el ‘to bring, take’ E27/
40r12; ~ sbl p al ‘to bear, endure’ E27/104r8; ~ sybr quad. ‘to endure’ E23A9f. Phrases: brz/
⌘mbrz br- ‘to visit, look after’ ~ s⇡r p al ‘id.’ Mt25.36 E5/126r, Lk1.68 E5/6r, Lk1.78 E5/6v;
E27/126r29; E28/10v15*; S ⌦rywn ⌦r- ‘to bestow blessing (upon)’ ~ brk pa el ‘to bless’
Ps5.13; wt br-, S nwth ⌦r- ‘to place (one’s) trust’ ~ sbr pa el ‘to hope, trust’ Jn5.39 E5/
41v*; ~ tkl p al pass. pt. ‘to trust (in), rely (on)’ Ps34.9; mpn br- ‘to take pains’ ~ ⇡ml p al
‘to labour’ E28/8v19*; n d br- ‘to make entreaty’ ~ )ly pa el ‘to pray’ Col1.9 E32/2r;
E24c2.15; E26/30v14, 31v28; ~ b⇡y p al ‘to beseech’ E26/31v27; E27/68r4, 9; ~ qrb pa el +
b⇡wt⌫ ‘to offer supplication’ E26/32r8; ~ pys ap el ‘to request’ E27/12r14, 60v13f*; E28/
10r20*; nm c br-/brt, S nm c ⌦r- ‘to pay homage’ ~ sgd p al ‘to worship’ Mt2.2 E3v*;
Jn9.38 E5/101v; Ps29.2; E23.233f; E26/23v20*, 21; E27/68r22*, 69v12; ~ db p al ‘to sacri-
fice’ E23.206; ~ )ly pa el ‘to pray’ Lk6.12 E5/91v; E27/54v25, 60r19, 77r12; pcbnt/pcbn⇠
br- ‘to bear answer’ ~ ⇡ny p al ‘to answer’ E24c1.28; E26/25r8, v21*, 27r19; ~ pny pa el +
ptgm⌫ ‘to return answer’ E23.163f; pdyb rcy br- ‘to hold an enquiry’ ~ ⇡qb pa el ‘to inves-
tigate’ E24c1.51; E26/30r29; ~ ytb p al + b-dyn⌫ ‘to sit in judgement’ E28/27r27*; pnt br- ‘to
bring near, offer’ ~ qrb pa el ‘to bring’ Mt10.18 E5/75r; E28/2ar1; xwysm br- ‘to take
trouble, take care’ ~ y)p p al ‘to care, care for’ Mt6.31 E1/2v*; Lk10.35 E5/91r, Lk10.41
E5/91v; E28/5r18*, 20, 8v6.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. (as subj.) br⌫m E23.206; 3 sg. pres. brt E26/5r3; brty E27/40r12; 3 pl.
pres. brnt E28/8v19; E29/2r1; 1 sg. pres. dur. br⌫msq E23.197; 2 sg. pres. dur. brysq E27/
52v19; 3 sg. pres. dur. brtysqn E26/5r5 (mistake for 2 sg.?); br+ysq E24c1.51; 1 pl. pres. dur.
brymsqwn E26/31v27; 2 pl. pres. dur. brt⌫sq Jn5.39 E5/41v*; 3 pl. pres. dur. brntq E26/
23v20*, 21; E27/48v15; 2 sg. fut. bryq⌫m E29/5v3; 3 pl. fut. brntq⌫ Mt10.18 E5/75r; brntq⌫n
E26/21A6; 3 sg. #z-impf. br⌫z E27; 3 pl. #z-impf. br⌫znt E27/60v14; 3 sg. impf. br⌫ E26/
25v21* (doubtful restoration, see Yoshida 2017, 168); E27/57v29; E30/2r11*; 3 pl. impf. brnt
E26/14r4, 27r19; E27/68v9*, 77r12, v7*; 2 sg. opt. br-y E27/69v12; bry E28/25A5(?); 3 sg.
opt. br Lk1.78 E5/6v (⌧ḅrzbr ); bry E24c2.15; E28/8v6, 25A5 (mistake for byry?); 1 pl. opt.
br✏m E28/5r18; brym E28/5r20*; 3 pl. opt. br✏nt E27/54v25; E28/27r27*; br nt E28/10r20*;
brynt E26/12v5, 7; E27/Cr2*; E28/35B7; 3 pl. opt. dur. br✏ntqn E28/23v6; 3 sg. subj. br⌫t
13A7, 44v4; 2 pl. inj. brt⌫ E27/68r9; 3 pl. inj. brn+ E24c3.56; 3 pl. irr. brwt✏nt E28/2ar1; 2 sg.
impv. br⌫ Lk10.35 E5/91r; E26/31v28; E27/126r29; E28/118A4; 2 pl. impv. brt⌫ Mt6.31
E1/2v; E26/2r26; E27/68r4, 22; E30/1v21; br+⌫ E26/30v14; pres. inf. br̈⌫ Col.1.9 E32/2; E26/
30r29; br✏ E27/104r8*; bry E23.164; pr ... brw E28/11v3; pr ... br✏ Lk6.12 E5/91v; pr ... bry
Mt2.2 E3v*; 1 sg. fut. tr. pot. brt qwn⌫m-q⌫n E23A9f* (ed. ]t q⌫n, read [qwn⌫](m)-q⌫n); 1 sg. tr.
pret. brd⌫rm E26/2v22*, 32r8; 2 sg. tr. pret. [brd⌫](r)y E26/32r5; 3 sg. tr. pret. brd⌫rt Lk1.68
E5/6r, Jn9.38 E5/101v; E23.234; E26; E28/10v15*; E29/6r7, 21; E30/2v2; brd⌫t E24c1.28,
c3.2; 1 pl. tr. pret. brd⌫rym E26/31v31; 2 pl. tr. pret. brd[⌫ry(t⌫] Mt25.36 E5/126r; 3 pl. tr. pret.
brd⌫rnt E26/29r4f*; E28/10r26; E29/6r23; dur. pt. brysq E23.281; pp.(?) brty E26/5r8; S 2 sg.
pres. ⌘ry Ps5.13; 3 sg. subj. ⌘r⌫⌫t Ps34.9; 2 pl. impv. ⌘r⌫ Ps29.2; 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌘rt⌫rt Ps6.1;
unclear form ⌘rt[ 12600IIr5*. Pres. pt. bryny: bryny E20r5; E26/45B2; f. br✏nc Lk10.41
E5/91v. (See also n ⌫d⌫-bryny, nm⌫c-bryny, xwysm-bryny.)
br⌫d: see br⌫t.
br⌫qcny: see fr⌫q-c(ny.
br t, br d, S ⌦r t m. ‘brother’ (often used to refer to a monk) ~ ⌫ ⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; Ps50.20; ~ byb⌫
‘dear friend’ Col1.7 E32/2r; ~ qryb⌫ ‘neighbour’ E28/1r7; ~ gbr⌫ ‘man’ E27/12r28; pl.
‘brothers’ ~ ⌫ wt⌫ ‘brotherhood’ E28/9v6*. Phrase swgb r br t ‘brother monk’ E26/24r33;
̈
E30/1r17f*; pl. swgb⌫rt/swqb⌫rt br⌫trt E28/9r10* (~ ⌫ wt⌫), v9* (~ ⌫ḥ⌫ ‘brothers’); E30/1v5f*.
—Forms: br⌫t Mt10.21 E5/75v, Mt17.1 E5/127v, Lk6.14 E5/91v; Col1.7 E32/2r; E26/24r33;
E27; E28; E30/1r18*; wbr⌫t E27/104v14; obl. br⌫ty E26/12r5*; E28/1r7, 20r11; nbr⌫ty E27/
104v8*; pl. br⌫trt Mt21.31 E5/38r*, Mt25.40 E5/126v; E26; E27; E28/9r10; E30/1r14, v6;
obl. pl. br⌫drt-y E22.8; br⌫trty E26; E27/120r9; E28/1r27, 9v6*, 20v18*, 71B6*; E29/5v14;
E30/2v9*; nbr⌫trty E27/94v28; voc. pl. br⌫trt⌫ E25/1r17; br⌫trty E26/28r29*, 30v19, 31r10;
E27/12r28, 48r27; E28; S ⌘r⌫t Ps50.20.
S ⌦r yt (unclear word) 20222br1*.
brb ⌫myn m. PN ‘Barba⇡(min’: ḅ̇rḅ̇ (myn E27/68v12; brb (myn E27/68-69.
brbr yq m. ‘barbarian’ ~ brbry⌫ ‘id.’: brbr⌫yq E27/87r1*; pl. brbr⌫yqt E27/87r13.
brc: see *⌫,wn-brc, z⌫ty-brc.
brdpd: see brtpd.
brqy⌫: see bznbrqy⌫, mw,tybrqy⌫, nm⌫c-brqy⌫.
S ⌘rm⌫n, ⌘rm⌫t: see frm⌫n, frm⌫y.
brp⌫ adj. ‘pregnant’ E26/7r3.
S ⌦rp⌫wny f. ‘pregnancy, conception’: kw ⌘rp(wny s⌫r *prys/pr⌫ t ‘to come to conception’ ~ b*n
etp el ‘to be conceived’ Creed 6.
br⌫b m. PN ‘Barshabb#’ E24c3.22, 38, 46.
brtpd, brdpd, brtp⇠, prtpd adj. ‘informed, knowing, expert’ ~ pys ap el pass. pt. ‘id.’
E24c1.44, 55, 67, 89; ~ rg( p al pass. pt. ‘understanding, aware’ E26/27r3. With wn-/qt- ‘to
make known’ ~ yd⇡ ap el ‘id.’ Lk2.15 E3r; Jn17.26*, 26 E5/83r; E26/31r7; E27/22r11, 14;
E28/14v19*; with *b-/qt- ‘to come to know’ ~ (wd⇡ quad.refl. = yd⇡ e⇥tap al ‘id.’ Col1.6
E32/2r.
—Forms: brdpd E24c1.44, 55; brtpd Col1.6 E32/2r; E24c1.67, 89; E26/27r2*, 3, 31r7; E27/
3v7*, 22r11, 14; E28/14v19; brtp+ Jn17.26*, 26 E5/83r; prtpd Lk2.15 E3r.
brtpdy , S ⌦rtp↵y- f. ‘information, report’: brtpdy⌫ E27/12v6*(?), 87r14 (with wn- ‘to make a
report’ ~ yd⇡ ap el ‘to make known’); E30/1v13*; S ⌘rtpy-⌫ 20222bv6.
S ⌘rtr: see frtr.
ḅ̇r⇠⌅lṃ̇y, *br ⇠wlmy m. ‘Bartholomew’: ḅ̇r+ lṃ̇y Lk6.14 E5/91v; br [+wlmy] E27/56v8*.
brtwx adj. ‘sure, assured, confident, trusting’: brtwx E26/1r15, 2r26, 15v7; E30/7r5*; pl. brtwxt
E27/68r11 (~ tkl p al pass. pt. ‘trusting’).
brw n.(?), bry m.(?) ‘fruit’ ~ p⌫r⌫ ‘id.’ Mt21.34 E5/38r, Mt21.41 E5/38v; Col1.10 E32/2v*;
E27/87r3, 102r24; ~ *rp⌫ ‘leaf’(!) E23.113.—Cf. pw-bry.
—Forms: bry E26/1r10; brw E23.113, 121; E27/48v23, 54r27, 87r3, 102r24; pl. b(ry)[t]
Col1.10 E32/2v; obl. pl. br✏t Mt21.34 E5/38r; bryt(y) Mt21.41 E5/38v (thus Pittard/Barbati;
Müller bryt).
brwz n m. ‘bird’ ~ ⇡wp⌫ d-(my⌫ ‘birds of the sky’ E27/17v2.—Cf. fr⌫wz⌫n̈⌫.
brx⌫- vb. ‘to loose, release, shoot’, only in the phrase pdnw brx⌫- ‘to let out a kick’(?) ~ b⇡* p al
‘to kick’: 3 sg. impf. b⌫rx( E27/94v14.
brx⌫ mnty m. ‘shooting’ ~ (dy⌫ ‘throwing, shooting’: acc. sg. brx(⌫mntw E27/31r20.
brx(qy⌫: see p⌫+-brx(qy⌫.
bry: see br-, brw, *bry⌫, * mpn-br-y, pt ⌫mbry.
*bry f. ‘air’ ~ ⌫⌫r ‘id.’: E27/31v22; E28/8r14*.
—Forms: [br]y⌫ E28/8r14; (br)[y⌫] E28/16v1; obl. (or error?) br-y E27/31v22 (see Pirtea in BT
XLV, 135-6).
S ⌘ry⌫wy: see fry⌫wy.
bry(ty: see fry(ty.
brywr num. ‘ten thousand, myriad’: brywr E26/23v7; E28/93B6; pl. brywrt E27/12v20* (~ rbw,
pl. r̈bwt⌫ ‘id.’).
brzy adj. (i) ‘long’ (in time or space): brz✏ E28/3r24 (+ wn- ‘to make long’ ~ ngr ap el ‘to pro-
long’); brz-y E27/31v6 (~ ngyr⌫ ‘long-lasting’); brzy E26/8r3*; E31r6; (ii) ‘loud’: b[rzy ...](?)
E14/2R1 (~ rwm ap el ‘to raise (the voice)’; brzy E23.216 (~ rm⌫ ‘high, loud’), 283* (~ id.),
A14.—Cf. *w⌫brzt.
brzycq adj. ‘loud’ ~ rm⌫ ‘high, loud’ E27/60v19.
brzy (unknown word, reading uncertain) E28/77r24*.
bs⌫: see byq-s⌫r.
bst-: see 1bynt.
bstry: see fstry.
S ⌘(kr-: see f(qr-.
bt , bt num. ‘seven’ ~ (b⇡ ‘id.’ E23.196, A22; E47A7. As a noun ‘week’ (cf. bt⌫-m✏+): E16A9*;
E28/98B3; E29/5r8.
—Forms: ⌫bt⌫ E10/1r2; E23.196, A22; E29/5r8; bt⌫ E16A9*; E26/1v12*, 12r3; E27/Fr3*; E28/
98A2, B3; E47A7.
bt -m ⇠ noun ‘week’ ~ (bt ywm̈yn ‘id.’: pl. bt⌫-m✏+t E28/3v9 (mistake for sg.).
bt r noun ‘hyena’ E28/19r7*.
bt s num. ‘seventeen’ ~ (b⇡sr ‘id.’ E47A19*.
*bt st-pnc s-nwmyq ordinal ‘759th’ ~ (b⇡m⌫⌫ w- m(yn w-t(⇡ ‘759’: [bt⌫st-pn]c[⌫s-nw]myq E27/
1r8.
btm : see 1ftm-.
btmyq, b⇠myq ordinal ‘seventh’: ⌫b+myq ~ (by⇡y⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.18; btmyq ~ d-(b⇡⌫ ‘id.’ E27/
39v6, 55r17.
*bttsmyq ordinal ‘seventeenth’ ~ d-(b⇡t⇡sr ‘id.’ E27/55v17 (MS bbtsmyq!).
bw-, S ⌘w-: see b-.
S ⌦w n (unclear word) 12600IIv5*.
bwc, S ⌦wc vb. ‘to save’: 2 sg. impv. ⌘wc Ps6.5* (~ prq p al ‘id.’); 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌘wc⌫rt Ps30.1
(≈ pwrqn⌫ ‘salvation’). Pres. pt. bwcny as m. noun ‘Saviour’: bwcny E27/27v2 (~ prwq⌫ ‘id.’);
voc. sg. m. bwcn⌫ E19r1.
bwd noun ‘smell, odour, scent, incense’: b↵d E27/54v18; bwd E24c3.66; E26/7r7; E27/48v22,
57r7 (~ bsm⌫ ‘incense’), 83v3 (~ ry ⌫ ‘smell, odour, scent’).
*bwdbrn noun ‘censer’: bwd(b)[rn] E26/13r1*(?).
bwd-xwrt adj. ‘delicious’ E27/48v8.
bw noun ‘salvation’ E28/11r2, 126A27*.
S ⌦w yc (Sogdian name of a month) Cal6v1*.—Cf. S *my(⌘w yc.
bwn noun, bwn f. ‘hole, pit, cave, cell’ ~ kwr ⌫ ‘hut, cell’ E27/11r27; ~ m⇡rt⌫, pl. m⇡r̈⌫ ‘cave,
cell’ E27/77r10, 16*; E28/2av4, 65v12; ~ pr⌫ ‘pit, grave’ E27/68v10.
—Forms: bwn E27/11r27; bwn⌫ E27/77r10, 16*; E28/65v7, 8, 12[m]; obl. bwn✏ E27/68v10;
bwny E28/65v1*, 2*, 5*; obl. pl. bwn✏ty E28/2av4.
bwstn noun ‘garden; Paradise’ ~ prdys⌫ ‘id.’ E27.
—Forms: bwstn E26/10v5, 12v34*; E27/51v11; E28/19r16; obl. bwstny E27/39v12, 51v14*,
17; ybwstny E27/48r11, 19, 51v6*; pl. bwstnt E27/87r8.
bwwny: see b⌫wwny.
bwxs- vb. ‘to be saved’: 3 sg. pres. bwxsty E26/5r4.
bw,⌫xq: see b,⌫xwq.
bw⇡br m. ‘tax-gatherer’ ~ mks⌫ ‘id.’: bw,br E27/94r1; pl. bw,brt Mt21.31*, 32 E5/38r; E28/
22A4 (–); obl. pl. bw,brty E28/17v6 (–).
bx⌫- / b t- vb. ‘to distribute’: bx(ty 3 sg. pres. E26/5r7; b ty past inf. E26/1r9.—Cf. b⌫x(y.
bxt: see n⌫bxt.
S ⌘xw⌫r: see fwx⌫r.
1
by: see b-.
2
by, byw, wbyw, S ⌦yw adv. ‘both, also’: (i) before a phrase parallel to that which precedes
‘(and) also’: E23.160; E26/23r12; (ii) repeated before each of two parallel phrases (w)by(w)
... (±⌫t/yty/ZY) (w)by(w) ... ‘both ... and ...’: Mt10.28 E5/76r, Lk16.13 E5/48v; E23.154f;
E26/3v17f, 23v15*, 24r17f*; E27/11v20, 31v19 (~ ⌫n ... ⌫n ... ‘whether ... or ...’); E28/1v17f;
E29/4r21f; (iii) by ... ⌫t ... ‘both ... and ...’ E28/14v12; E31v6*; (iv) in broken passages, in
most or all of which another (w)by(w) is probably to be restored: E10/2A2; E26/9v2*, 27v23,
28v27*; E28/9v6, 10v9; S ⌘yw 12600Ir10.
—Forms: b Lk16.13 E5/48v (x2); E27; E28/14v12; by Mt10.28 E5/76r (x2); E10/2A2;
E23.154, 155, 160; E28/1v17, 18; E31v6*; byw E26; E28/9v6, 10v9*; wbyw E26/23v15,
27v23, 28v27*; E29/4r21, 22; S ⌘yw 12600Ir10.
by m vb. ‘to rear’ ~ rby pa el ‘id.’: 3 pl. impf. b⌫y⌫mnt E27/87v15.
1
by p noun ‘attaining’ E26/3r9.
2
by p vb. (i) ‘to attain’: pr by⌫p pres. inf. E26/3r18; (ii) ‘to understand’: by⌫pd⌫rm 1 sg. tr. pret.
E24c3.12 (Syr. illegible, but not ⌫g(wp with MacKenzie 1970, 116).
by rcyq adj. ‘of the evening’ E26/16r11*.
by ry, by r̈ m. ‘evening’ ~ rm(⌫ ‘id.’: by⌫r̈⌫ E26/30r20 (–), 23; by⌫ry E9/1r3 (by⌫rys⌫) (–); acc. sg.
by⌫rw E27/94r21*, 22.
by⌫rys⌫ = by⌫ry + s⌫r.
by tq rc, S ⌦y- tk rc, ⌦y tk rc, *⌦y tk rc noun ‘message’: by⌫tq⌫rc E28/69A15*; E30/1r11, 13,
20f*; E36/1r5, 9; S ⌫⌘y-⌫tk⌫rcw 20222bv2; ⌘y⌫tk⌫rc 20227v12*; pl. ⌘y⌫tk⌫⌫r(t 20227v16*.
1
b q adv. or postp. ‘apart from, except’ ~ lbr mn ‘id.’ E27/3r2.—Construction unclear: the
preceding and following words (perhaps including cn ~ mn ‘from’?) are missing.
2
byq: see fyq.
b k ny m. ‘sacristan’(?) E26/14v15*, 15v10 (~ qwmky⌫ ‘id.’?—see BT XXXII, 97-8).
byqp r, b⇢qp r adv. ‘outside’ ~ lbr ‘id.’ E23.240, 245; E27/v30; E28/2av13. Phrase byqp r cn as
prep. ‘outside’ ~ lbr mn ‘id.’ Mt21.39 E5/38v; E27/60r26.
—Forms: b-qp⌫r E27/60v30; b✏qp⌫r Mt21.39 E5/38v; E27/60r26; byqp⌫r E23.240, 245; E26/
16v2*; E27/Cr1; E28/2av13.
byqp r-qr n, (±cn) byqp r-qyr n adv. ‘outwardly’: byqp⌫r-qr⌫n E27/94r6 (≈ brywt⌫ ‘exterior,
outward appearance’); (±cn) byqp⌫r-qyr⌫n E28/13B10, 22B10.
b qp rcyq adj. ‘outward, external’ E27/61v25 (≈ mn lbr ‘outwardly’).
byq-s r, bys r, bys , b⇢s adv. ‘out, outwards, away’ ~ lbr ‘out’ E27/60r24, 66v18*; also as postp.
with prep. cn ‘out of, away from’ ~ lbr mn ‘out of’ E27/68r20*; ~ mn ‘from’ E27/87v13.
Phrases: bys w c ‘to subtract’ E41.7; cywyd b⇢ys ‘apart from that’ ~ mn hrk⌫ ‘hence, hence-
forward’(?) E27/31v6; f⌫qr- + bys ‘to chase out’ ~ npq ap el ‘to expel’ (± lbr ‘out’) Jn9.22
E5/100v, Jn9.34, 35 E5/101v.
—Forms: b-s⌫ E27/60r24; byq-s⌫r E26/31v33; b✏s⌫ Jn9.22 E5/100v, Jn9.34, 35 E5/101v;
E27/66v18*, 68r20*; b-ys⌫ E27/31v6; bys⌫ E27/87v13; E41.7; b s⌫r E28/13B16; bys⌫r
E25/3B4*; E26/15v9.
byqstr, b str adv. ‘apart, away, off’: [...] byqstr ‘away [from]’ ~ dr̈y ‘around’ E27/17v3f; b✏str
E28/22B12. Phrase b str px⌫n ‘to take oneself off, go away’, 2 pl. impv. b✏str px(nt⌫
‘begone!’ ~ ⌫zl p al ‘to go’ Mt25.41 E5/126v.
byl (name of an idol) ‘Bel’ E29/4v11.
1
bynt / bst-, byst- vb. ‘to bind’ ~ ⌫sr p al ‘id.’ E27. Pp. bsty, bysty ‘bound’ ~ ⌫sr p al pass. pt.
‘id.’ Lk12.35 E5/130r; E26/30v28; E27/25v16*, 69r30; ~ kdn p al pass. pt. ‘yoked, subjug-
ated’ E27/13v23; also ‘closed’ (of a gate) E27/51v14.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. dur. byntntq E28/25B1*; 3 pl. impf. b✏ntnt E27/17r1; 3 sg. opt. [byn]ty
E27/25v9; 3 sg. opt. mid. (for subj.?) byntyt E27/22r10; past inf. b-sty E27/22r13; bsty
E27/22v3. Pp. bsty, bysty: b-sty E27/13v23; bst✏ E27/51v14; bsty E27/22v3*, 25v16*; bysty
E26/30v28; acc. sg. m. bstw E27/69r30; pl. bst✏t E27/25r2; b✏st✏t Lk12.35 E5/130r.
2
bynt, byntt: see b-.
byr, S ⌦yr / byrt vb. ‘to find, discover, receive, obtain’ ~ (k ap el ‘to find’ NT+; ~ qbl pa el
‘to receive’ E27/12r27; E28/9v27*; ~ (ql p al ‘to partake, receive’ E27/94r11. Passive byrty
*b-/qt- and itr. pot. byrt b- ~ (k etp el ‘to be found’ Lk19.17 E5/125r; E24c1.15, 79; E28/
3r1, 12v18, 14r13. Phrases: byr + pc dty /pc ty ‘to find rest’ E24c2.23f (~ nw ettap al ‘to be
at rest’); E28/85v29f; py m byr/byrt ‘to receive healing’ ~ ⌫s⌫ etpa al ‘to be healed’ Jn9.36
E5/101v; E23.141.—Cf. sn⌫m-byrty.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. (as subj.) byrm E24c2.24; 2 sg. pres.(?) byr✏ E28/25A1, 3; 3 sg. pres.
b rt E28/1r9; byrt E28/16v16; 1 pl. pres. byrym E28/14r2*; 3 pl. pres. byrnt E26/27r13; 2 sg.
fut. b✏ryq⌫ E27/51r10; byr✏q⌫n E28/24B30; byryq⌫n E26/30r34; 3 sg. fut. byrtq⌫ E27/48v25;
byrtq⌫n E26/5v7; E28; 1 pl. fut. byrymq⌫n E28/23v13, 19; 2 pl. fut. (b)[yrt⌫q⌫] Lk2.12 E3r;
byrt⌫q⌫n E28/85v29f; 1 sg. impf. b✏rw E27/1v6*; 3 sg. impf. b-yr E27/91r9*; byr E27/105r2;
E36/1v8; 3 pl. impf. b✏rnt E27/1v12; (b)[yrnt] E27/77v4; 3 sg. opt. b ry E28/112B2(?); byr
E28/1v10; byry E23A26; E24c1.77; E26/3v7*, 8v4; 1 sg. subj. byrn E28/65r4*, 14; 3 sg.
subj. byr⌫t E26/2v21*, 14r11*; E30/4r23; byṛ̇t Lk12.43 E5/130v; b rt Lk12.37 E5/130r*; byrt
Lk12.38 E5/130r*; E23.141; E26/1v11 (mistake for a 2 sg. form?); 2 pl. inj. byr+⌫ E26/3r6;
byrtt E27/12r27; 3 sg. pres. itr. pot. b rt bwt E28/111r28*; 3 sg. fut. itr. pot. byrt bw+q⌫n
E24c1.79; 3 sg. impf. itr. pot. byrt b⌫ E27/1v8*; 1 sg. tr. pret. byrd⌫rm E23.132; E26/24v34*;
2 sg. tr. pret. byrd⌫ry E27/7v28*; E29/4r8; 3 sg. tr. pret. b rd⌫rt Jn9.36 E5/101v; byrd⌫rt Jn9.35
E5/101v; E26/3v12; E27/51r27*; E28/9v27*; 1 pl. tr. pret. b✏rd⌫rym E27/94r11; 3 pl. tr. pret.
b rd⌫rnt Lk24.24 E5/72r*, Lk24.33 E5/73r*; byrd⌫rnt Lk2.16 E3r*; Lk24.23 E5/72r; E26/
32v10*; E28/7r4*; E29/8v10*; E30/2r19; S 3 pl. pres.(?) ⌘yr⌫nt 20227r13*. Pp. byrty: b rt✏
Lk19.17 E5/125r; byrty E24c1.15; E28/3r1, 12v18; pl. byrt✏t E28/14r13.
byr mnty m. (i) ‘finding, discovery’: (b)[y](r)[⌫mnty] ~ (k t⌫ ‘id.’ E27/1v15; (ii) ‘success’:
byr⌫mnty E29/5r20, 23; (iii) ‘receiving, reception’: abl. sg. byr⌫mnt⌫ ~ msb⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57v13.
b⌥r-ptz ny adj. ‘intellectual’ ~ ydw⇡tn⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12r20.
byrw m. PN ‘Biro’ E26/12r1.
bys⌫, bys⌫r: see byq-s⌫r.
byst-: see 1bynt.
bystr: see byqstr.
by⇠ ny GN ‘Bethany’ Jn1.28 E5/19v.
by⇠l m GN ‘Bethlehem’ Lk2.15 E3r.
byw, S ⌘yw: see 2by.
bywn, S ⌦ywn vb. ‘to prophesy’: 3 sg. tr. pret. bywnd⌫rt E29/2v4; S 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌘ywn⌫rt
Ps33.0* (~ nby etpa al ‘id.’), 51.1-2 (~ id.).
bywnqy f. ‘prophecy’, only with *wn-/qt- ‘to make a prophecy’ ~ nby etpa al ‘to prophesy’
Lk1.67 E5/6r.
bywny m. ‘prophet’ ~ nby⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; also in the phrase bywnyty pwstyt ‘the books of the
prophets’ ~ nbÿ⌫ ‘the prophets’ Lk24.27 E5/72v, Lk24.44 E5/83v; E27/55r28.
—Forms: b ↵n✏ E5; b [wny] Jn1.25 E5/19r; b✏wn✏ Jn9.17 E5/100v; bywn✏ Lk24.19
E5/72r; bywny Jn9.28 E5/101r; E24c1.66; E28; E29; E36/1v1*(?); obl. bywnyy E28/23r3; pl.
bywn✏t E27/52r15; bywn t E28/110A4; bywnyt E24c3.24; E27/48r20*; E28/23v1; obl. pl.
by↵n✏t Lk24.27 E5/72v; b✏wn✏t Lk1.70 E5/6r; b✏wnyt Lk24.44 E5/83v; bywn-yty E27/
55r28; bywnyty E24c1.30*.
by,-, by,yq: see b,-, b,yq.
by⇡br n adj. ‘wretched, miserable’: pl. by,br⌫nt E26/2r12*.
bz- noun ‘goat’ ~ gdy⌫ ‘kid’: pl. bz (t Mt25.32 E5/125v, Mt25.33 E5/126r.
bznb rqy f. ‘thanks, thanksgiving’ E26/7r4*.
bzn-brqy f. ‘id.’ ~ *ybwt⌫ or qwbl *ybwt⌫ ‘thanksgiving’ E27/57v13.
bzncyq adj. ‘(worthy) of gratitude’: pl. bzncyqt E28/52v27.
b⇡-, by⇡- adj. and f. noun ‘evil’: b,y nom. (as acc.?) sg. m. E26/5r12; by,y⌫ abl. sg. f. E29/4r21.
b⇡ w, b⇡ w vb. ‘to increase, add’: 3 sg. pres. [b],⌫wt E43B2; 2 sg. opt. ⌫b,⌫wy E26/1v19; 2 sg.
impv. b,⌫w E27/66r16 (~ ysp ap el ‘to increase’, here in the sense ‘to continue to ...’ + inf.,
see BT XII, 147).
b⇡ xwq, bw⇡ xq, S ⌦ - x wkw adj. ‘miserable, unhappy, distressed, vexed; distressing, painful’:
bw,⌫xq E24c1.46; b,⌫xwq E26/14r10, v4*; E27/27r18*, 31v5 (b,⌫xwq x- ‘to be unhappy’ ≈
(( ap el ‘to pain, sadden’), 40r11 (b,⌫xwq wn- ‘to make unhappy’ ~ ( q p al ‘to vex’),
48v22; E28/7v17* (b,⌫xwq b- ‘to be unhappy’ ~ (( p al ‘to suffer’), 25A9; pl. b,⌫xwqt E28/
29B3; S ⌘⇣-⌫x⌫wkw Ps6.1 (~ b-⇡qt⌫ or b-⇡⌅t⌫ ‘in distress’).
b⇡ xwty , S ⌦ - xwty f. ‘suffering, pain, distress, misery; the Passion (of Christ)’ ~ (⌫ ‘pain’
Hymn 7; E26/24v11, 30r14[m]; E27/60v18, 104r1, 7; E28/5v29*, 7v20; ~ ⌫wl)n⌫ ‘suffering’
E27/31r2; ~ lzyzwt⌫ ‘annoyance’ E27/31r5; ~ ( q⌫ ‘vexation, adversity’ E27/31r9, 10; ~ *wrp⌫
‘vexation, misery’ E26/31v30; ~ bzt⌫ ‘robbery’(!) Ps12.6*. Phrases: b⇡ xwty pc z, S ⌦ -
xwty *pc ẓ/pc ⌫t- ‘to receive pain’ ~ (( p al ‘to suffer’ Lk24.46 E5/83v; Creed 7; E28/
9v13* (rest.!); b⇡ xwty⇢ pc [ z mnt]( ) lit. ‘reception of pain’ ~ (⌫ ‘the Passion’ E27/55r19.
—Forms: b,⌫xwty⌫ Lk24.46 E5/83v*; E20v3, 8*; E26; E27/31r2, 5, 51r7*; E28; obl. b,⌫xwty⌫-
E27; b,⌫xwty⌫y E28/24B18; pl. b,⌫xwt✏t E27/31r9, 104r7; E28/13B8, 24B28*, 36v14;
b,⌫xwtyt E28/24A22*; S ⌘⇣-⌫xwty⌫ Ps12.6*; Hymn 7; Creed 7*.
b⇡ d- vb. ‘to mount’ ~ qwm p al ‘id.’ (lit. ‘to stand’)(?): 3 pl. impf. b⌫, dnt E27/77r5.
b⇡ng ry, b⇡nq ry adj. ‘evil-doing, wicked’, m. ‘evil-doer’: b,ng⌫ry E26/1r11; E29/6v5; b,nq⌫r✏
E27/69r17 (~ r(y⇡⌫ ‘wicked’).
*b⇡nq rqy f. ‘wickedness’ ~ rw(⇡⌫ ‘id.’: [b,nq⌫]rqy⌫ E27/11v21.
b⇡nq ry f. ‘id.’ ~ rw(⇡⌫ ‘id.’ E27/40v6.
b⇡xry adj. ‘unfortunate, wretched’: b,xry E26/23r21; E28/3r13 (~ dwy p al act. pt. ‘id.’); E30/
4v20; f. b,xrc E26/28v18 (~ mskn⌫ ‘poor, wretched’).
b⇡yq, by⇡yq (i) adj. ‘bad, evil, wrong’: ~ *np⌫ ‘foul’ E23.270; ~ by(⌫ ‘evil’ E27/26r6(?), 66r5; ~
(kr pa el pt. ‘vile’ E27/39r1*; (ii) noun ‘evil, wickedness; harm, pain’ ~ by(t⌫ ‘evil’ E27/
104r8*. Phrases: b⇡yq rq ‘evil deed’ ~ (kyrwt⌫ ‘crime, depravity’ E27/57v18; b⇡yq ⌫t y ‘to
show evil’, i.e. ‘to inflict pain’ E23.252f (cf. Benveniste 1947, 105 n. 4); b⇡⌥q p tfr s ‘evil
punishment’ ~ bÿ(t⌫ ‘evils’ E28/7v4.
—Forms: by,yq E26/2r24; b, q E28/7v4; b,yq E23.252, 270; E26/1r6, 14v10*; E27; pl.
b,yqt E27/57v18; E28/1v21*, 7r13.
c⌫: elative prefix, see c⌫-mzyx.
c dr postp. ‘under’ E26/23v10, 29v7 (~ t yt ‘id.’); E38A8; also as adv. in phrase p dy c dr ‘at
the feet of’ E26/24v30, 27v35 (~ ⇡l rglẅhy ‘at his feet’).
c dr wy m. ‘lowest part, depth’: c⌫dr⌫w✏ E28/7r12 (~ t tyt⌫ ‘id.’); c⌫dr⌫wy E28/16v3, 18.
c drcyq adj. ‘lower, nethermost, inferior’ E26/3r12, v9*.
c dr-s r, c s r, c s adv. ‘down, downwards’ ~ l-t t ‘id.’ E27/94r8. Phrases: c s r w [c] ‘to let
down’ ~ sym p al ‘to put (on the ground)’ E23.227, 228; cn ... c dr-s r ‘down from’ E29/1v8f
(cn ry c⌫dr-s⌫r ~ mn *wr⌫ ‘from the mountain’ Ex34.29, see BT XXXII, 96); p dy c s r ‘at the
feet of’ ~ ⇡l rglẅhy ‘at his feet’ E26/31v25.
—Forms: c⌫dr-s⌫r E29/1v9; c⌫s⌫ E23.275* (ed. c⌫[f]⌫, read c⌫(s)⌫, cf. Gershevitch 1946, 179);
E27/94r8; E28/16v20*; c⌫s⌫r E23.227, 228; E26/31v25.
1
c f interrog. and rel. adj. and adv. ‘how much, how many, how great, a certain amount’ ~ km⌫
‘id.’ Lk16.5 E5/48r; Gal4.1 E6/3r; E27/25r12; E28/1r19. Phrases: c f fy tr ‘how much more’
~ km⌫ ytyr⌫yt ‘id.’ E27/48r18; c f ⇡mnw ‘for some time’ ~ km⌫ zbnÿn ‘id.’ E28/12r12; yw c f
‘id.’ ~ d km⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.25 E5/75v (calque). As a conj. ‘in as much as’ we find both c f qt (~
km⌫ d- ‘id.’ Mt25.40 E5/126v, Mt25.45 E5/127r*) and c⌫f alone (E26/2v18, 23r7); cf. also ms
c f ‘even if, although’ ~ ⌫pn ‘id.’ E27/31r13, 48r5, 66r4; E28/16v18f (–).
2
c f adv., only in the phrase wrs c f c f or c f c f wrs ‘around’ E27/60v23 (≈ krk etp el ‘to
surround’); E28/65v7* (≈ glylt⌫ ‘a round, circumambulation’, see Sims-Williams 1994, 43).
c f prep. + 2nd pers. sg. pron. ‘from you, than you’ etc. [E23.275, ed. c⌫[f]⌫, read c⌫(s)⌫]; E26/
1r17, 24v32*; E27/23r26 (~ mnk ‘from you (m.)’), 51r2, v10, 29, 94v11 (~ mnk, here in the
sense ‘than you (can bear)’), 102v22* (~ mnky ‘from you (f.)’); E28/16v13, 33A14, 66v30.
Also cn c f ‘from you’ ~ mnk E23.249; E26/31v27.
c fyd conj. ‘in as much as’: c⌫f-yd E27/51r27; c⌫f✏d E27/61v30 (~ km⌫ d- ‘id.’).
c wny interrog. adv. ‘of what kind? how?’: c⌫ wn E28/36v8; c⌫ wny E23.85 (~ ⌫ykn⌫ ‘id.’);
E28/20r18, 25A4.
c m prep. + 1st pers. sg. pron. ‘from me’ E28/85v29; E29/2v9* (~ mny ‘id.’, Ps2.8). Also cn
c m ‘id.’ ~ mny E23.180; E24c3.17; c m pyd r ‘for my sake’ E27/68r4 (~ ⇡ly ‘id.’), 9; E28/
5v14* (~ lpy ‘id.’).
c -mzyx elative adj. ‘how great’ E28/18r20.
c n interrog. adv. ‘how?’ ~ ⌫ykn⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.83, 85, c3.10.
c nw, S c nw, c n kw (i) interrog. adv. ‘how?’ ~ ⌫ykn⌫/⌫ykn ‘id.’ Lk24.35 E5/73r (altered to or
from c⌫n ?—see Cat.); 1Cor12.17 E6/20v*; E26/30r34; E27/61r21, v29; E28/5r21, 7r6, v2,
8r25, 26; ~ b-mwn ‘by what?’ E27/61v27; ~ mn ⌫yk⌫ ‘whence?’ E28/9r24; (ii) rel. adv. and
conj., mostly ‘when’, also ‘as, while, since, that, because, although’, in all these senses
usually ~ kd ‘id.’ E5+; Ps6.1; less often ~ m⌫ (...) d- ‘when’ E5 (in this MS regularly c⌫nw qt,
imitating the Syr. construction); E27; E28/7v8, 8v28; ~ ⌫mty d- ‘when’ E27/40r21, v13; ~ mn
d- ‘after, since’ E28/4r18, 9v16; ~ ⌫yk m⌫ d- ‘as’ E27/23r10, 26r20; ~ gyr ‘for’ E27/87r3; ~ ⌫n
‘if’ E26/5v13; E28/10v19; E30/6v7 (see SA Syr. 54); ~ d- ‘that’ E26/32v34; E27/6v12,
77r10, 91r9; E28/7r14, 16; ~ b-d- ‘in that’ E27/31v14 (2nd c⌫nw); in less exact translations ≈
d- ‘which’ E26/24v31; E27/69v29; ≈ w- ‘and’ E23.149, 172, 248. Rarely in the sense ‘than’
E30/6v5 (~ *b mn ‘rather than’, Nau 1920, 7, line 10). Phrases: myd c nw (±yty) ‘as’ ~ ⌫yk d-
‘id.’ (see separate entry mydc⌫nw); w fyd c nw ‘as, like’ ~ ⌫yk ‘id.’ E27/14v21; ~ lpwt ‘accor-
ding to’ E28/3r13; ~ b-dmwt ‘in the likeness of’ E27/23v15*; ~ ⌫yk or b-dmwt E27/22v13;
ywny c nw ‘immediately when’ ~ ⇡mh d- ‘as soon as’ E27/31v20.—Cf. mydc⌫nw, w⌫nc⌫nw.
—Forms: c⌫nw passim; S c⌫n⌫kw 12600IIr4, 20223r2*; c⌫nw Ps6.1, 19.6.
c nwt conj. ‘since, because’ ~ kd ‘id.’ E27/48r1.
1
c ny interrog. adj. and adv. ‘of what kind? how?’ ~ ⌫ykn⌫ ‘how?’ E5; ~ kd ‘as, that’ (mistake for
c⌫nw?) E28/2av14.
—Forms: c⌫n✏ E5; c⌫n Lk24.35 E5/73r (altered from c⌫nw or vice versa?—see Cat.); E28/
2av14; c⌫ny Jn9.19, 21 E5/100v*; E28/25A5; pl. c⌫nyt E28/100A2*.
2
c⌫ny: see frwm-c⌫ny.
c p r, c pr (i) adv. ‘below’ E26/3v5; (ii) postp. ‘under’ (often in combination with prep. cn) ~
t yt ‘id.’ E6; E27/13v23; E28; ~ t wt- ‘id.’ E27/77v18*; ~ mn t yt ‘from under’ E27/66v6; ~
b- ‘in’ E28/1r17.
—Forms: c⌫p⌫r E6; E26/3v5; E27/77v18*; cn ... c⌫p⌫r E27/13v23, 66v6; E28/1r17, 3v18f,
18r26f; cn ... c⌫pr E28/3v23f (MS dn for cn!), 25f, 4v28.
c p rcyq adj. ‘situated below’ ≈ l-t t ‘below’ E27/22v14.
c⌫s⌫, c⌫s⌫r: see c⌫dr-s⌫r.
*c wnty interrog. adj. ‘what kind of?’, only f. c⌫wnc in phrase pr c wnc fr n ‘in what manner?’
~ ⌫ykn⌫ ‘how?’ E27/12r16*, v3*, 23r2*.
c znt[ (unknown word) E28/55A3.
cf- vb. ‘to steal’: 3 sg. tr. pret. (cf)[d](⌫r)t E36/2v4 (so to be read with Cat.); cf[ ? E28/93A7.
c ty adv. ‘altogether’, only with neg. ‘not at all’ E26/30r31; E28/5r15 (~ l-gmr l⌫ ‘id.’).
cq t noun ‘forehead’ E30/2r15.
cqn prep. + interrog. pron. ‘from which? whence?’ ~ mn ⌫yk⌫ ‘whence?’ E27/102v18*; mostly in
phrase cqn pyd r as adv. ‘why?’: E27/87v8f* (~ m*l mn ‘because of what?’); E29/5v22*,
6v19f.
clw⇠ (Syr.) ‘prayer’ E11.5.
clyb , S cl yp (Syr.) ‘cross’: clyb⌫ E12/2r15, v6; E26/8r4, 5, 8, 29v7, 31r21 (~ zqyp⌫ ‘id.’!);
E27/77r13; E28/19r5, 77v27; E29/2r7; E30/2r14, 21; E34v1; S cl⌫yp⌫ Cross r.
cm-: see c(m-.
cmqy⌫: see ⌫w(q⌫r-cmqy⌫.
cn, S cn, MN prep. + abl., generally ‘from’, also ‘out of, since, of, by, with, at, on, concerning,
because of, than’ etc. ~ mn ‘id.’ E5+; Ps; Hymn 6; Creed; ~ mn lwt ‘from the presence of,
from’ Lk2.15 E3r; Jn16.28 E5/79v; ~ mn qdm ‘id.’ E24c2.4, 6; ~ d- ‘(out) of’ Col1.15 E32/
2v; E27/68v12; ~ b-yd ‘by means of’ E24c1.25; ⇡l ⌫pÿ ‘on account of’ E26/24v24; ~ mn ⇡lt
‘because of’ E27/31v1; ~ b- ‘in, on, among, by, with’ E27/13r18, 14v20, 31v31, 55r16,
60r23, 66r3, 68v11, 102v22; E36/1v12 (?—cf. Lk7.38); Ps5.11*; ~ ⇡m ‘with’ E27/57r17.
[E23.89: see w⌫nc⌫nw; E26/3r2: mistake for dn]. Phrases: cn ... ⇧c / ws r ‘after, from’
E24c3.29; E28/65v8*; E42B5f; cn ... byq-s r/bys ‘out of’ E26/31v32f; ~ mn lbr ‘id.’ E27/
68r20*; ~ mn ‘from’ E27/87v13; cn ... c dr-s r ‘down from’ E29/1v8f (cn ry c⌫dr-s⌫r ~ mn
*wr⌫ ‘from the mountain’ Ex34.29, see BT XXXII, 96); cn ... c p r/c pr ‘under’ ~ t yt ‘id.’
E27/13v23; E28/3v18f, 23f (MS dn!), 25f, 4v28; ~ mn t yt ‘from under’ E27/66v6; ~ b- ‘in,
through’ E28/1r17; cn ... ms /ms r, S cn ... mrts r ‘from, since, during’ ~ mn lwt Mt21.42
E5/38v, Jn16.27 E5/79v; ~ mn E5; Ps24.9*; E27/54v19; E28/5r23; cn ... pc rt ‘on account of,
for the sake of’ E26/1r5; cn ... prcy ‘after’ E29/4v7; cn ... p⌫ys ‘after’ ~ btr ‘id.’ E27; ~ mn
btr ‘id.’ E27/55r25f; ~ b-(wlm⌫ d- ‘at the conclusion of’ E27/55r22f; ~ ⌫ ry⌫ d- ‘the last of’
E28/7v24f; cn ... pyd r, S cn ... py↵ r ‘because of, on account of, for the sake of; concerning’6
~ m*l ‘id.’ E5; E26/31r31, v32; E27; E28; Ps5.9; Creed 5 (x2); ~ ⇡l ‘id.’ E5; Col1.9 E32/2r;
E26/31v28; E27/108v4f, 111r7*; E28; ~ ⇡l ⌫pÿ ‘for the sake of’ 1Cor11.24 E6/7v; Ps6.1; E26/
31v11; E27/12v19; ~ l- ‘for’ E28/12r5 (x2); ~ lp ‘on account of’ E26/25r19, v9*, 31v14f;
E28/2ar20*(?), 9v14; ~ mn E27/61v22f, 23 (x2), 24; E28/2av9*(?); ~ b- ‘in’ E27/68r15;
Ps5.8; cn ... pyrnms r/pynms , S cn ... pyrnms r ‘before (in time or place), in the presence
of’ ~ qdm ‘id.’ E23A14f; Creed 3; ~ mn qdm ‘id.’ E27/61r17; cn ... pyrnmstr ‘before (in
time)’ E23.198f (cn p⌫tfr⌫sy pyrnmstr ‘before the punishment’ ~ mn qdym ‘formerly’); E27/
11r28* (~ mn qdm ‘before’); E28/2v4f; cn ... s r ‘from’ E26/1v13, 32r5 (~ mn ‘id.’); cn ...
sqyp r ‘above’ ~ l⇡l mn ‘id.’ E23.113f, 171; E36/3v7 (–); cn cywy⇠ py⌫trw qt ‘after’ (conj.) ~
mn btr d- ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; cn ftm ‘beforehand’ ≈ qdm pa el ‘to do (something)
beforehand’ E27/57r31 (cn ftm⌫ wyd⌫rt ‘foresaw’ ~ qdm z⌫ ‘id.’); pnms cn ‘before’ ~ qdm
‘id.’ E27/77r17; pyrnm cn ‘id.’ ~ qdm Jn1.30 E5/19v*; pw cn ‘without’ ~ bl⇡d mn ‘id.’
Mt10.29 E5/76r*; ~ bl⇡d ‘id.’ E27/55v18; ~ d-l⌫ mn ‘id.’ E27/31v21; ~ d-l⌫ ‘id.’ E26/23v8;
sqyp r cn ‘above, over’ ~ l⇡l mn ‘above’ E23.113f, 171; E27/31v26, 57r19; E28/14v10; ~ ⇡l
‘over’ E27/13r30.
—Forms: cn passim [E23.89: see w⌫nc⌫nw]; S cn passim; MN passim. Combined: ⌫rcn E28/
65r2; ⌫tcn E26; E28; E36/3v7; [qd](⌫)cn E28/5r12; qtcn E26/28v10; E28/7r5, 8r17; qycn E28;
S ⌫tcn Ps5.11*.
cn⌫, cn⌫wq: see c(n⌫, c(nwq.
cntn adj. ‘how great’ E27/52r12, 57v20.
S cntrs⌫r: see cys⌫r.
cnty[ (name of a medicinal ingredient?) E38A4.
cnw E23.116: mistake for c⌫nw.
cnwq[ E23.321: restore z⌫r]|cnwq[y⌫?
cpd adv. ‘altogether, absolutely’ E29/5v21.
cr , cr g noun ‘lamp’, usually ~ (rg⌫ ‘id.’: cr⌫g Mt6.22 E1/2r; cr⌫ E27/57r8 (~ nhyr⌫ ‘light,
lamp’); E28/4v28; pl. cr⌫ t Lk12.35 E5/130r.—Cf. cr -d⌫ry.
cr q, S cr k noun ‘pasture’: obl. cr⌫qy E29/2r4*, 9; also in phrase pr cr q d r, S pr cr k ↵ r ‘to
keep in pasture, to pasture’ ~ r⇡y p al ‘to pasture, tend, feed’ E27/87v14; Hymn 7.
c✓r -d ry m. ‘lamp-stand, candlestick’ ~ mnrt⌫ ‘id.’ E28/4v29.—Cf. cr⌫ .
crm noun ‘skin’ E30/7r2*(?).
crmny adj. ‘made of skin, leathern’: pl. crmn✏t E27/57v23 (~ d-m(k⌫ ‘of skin’, Gen3.21).
crp noun ‘fat’ E26/6A5.
crxw⌫t noun ‘wine-press’ ~ m⇡)rt⌫ ‘id.’ Mt21.33 E5/38r.
S c(⌫ntk: see *c(nty.
c⌫m-, cm-, cym-, S c⌫m- m. ‘eye’ ~ ⇡yn⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps19.9, 34.16. Phrase m ncyq c⌫m-/cm-
‘mind’s eye’ ~ lb⌫ ‘heart’ E26/23v5; ~ ⇡ÿn⌫ d-m̈d⇡⌫ ‘eyes of the minds’ E24c2.20f.
—Forms: nom. sg. c(my Mt6.22, 23 E1/2r* (rest.!); E23.332(?); E26/2v18; nom. as acc. sg.
cmy E24c1.26, c2.16; E28/2av1, 10r16; c(my E26/23v5; acc. sg. c(mw E26/23r19*; E27/
6
Where cn ... pyd⌫r governs two conjoined noun phrases (e.g. E28/7v23f), cn is repeated before each but pyd⌫r is
only placed after the last in the series.
12v13 (x2); cymw E27/111r9; E28/12r29*; gen. sg. [c(m]✏ Mt5.38 E5/28v*; nom. pl. cmt⌫
E23.151 (as abl. pl.); E28/14r12; c(mt⌫ Lk24.31 E5/72v, Jn9.10 E5/100r; 1Cor12.17 E6/20r;
E18v9; cymt⌫ E27/12v2*; acc. pl. cmt⌫ E24c2.21; E30/5r18; c(mt⌫ E5; E26/2v18*, 31r11;
cymt⌫ E27/60r14, 94r2*, 8; abl. pl. cymty⌫ E27/61r17; S nom. sg. c(my Ps19.9 (as acc.); nom.
pl. c(mth Ps34.16.
c⌫my-nmzy f. ‘blinking of an eye’ E27/13v29 (≈ qlyl ‘a little (while)’).
c⌫n , cn f. ‘thirst’ ~ )hy⌫ ‘id.’: cn⌫ E27/69r25; c(n⌫ E27/102v21; E29/5v19 (–).—On the gender
and form of the stem see BT XXXII, 104.
c⌫nt noun ‘drink’ E27/14v24* (c[(nt] ~ (qy⌫ ‘id.’); E28/16v25; E29/5r3, 10. Phrase c⌫nt xw r
‘to enable to drink’ ~ (qy ap el ‘id.’ Mt25.37 E5/126r*.—Cf. *pw-c(nt.
*c⌫nt q noun ‘drink’: c(n|[t⌫q](?) ~ m(ty⌫ ‘id.’ E27/102v27f.
*c⌫nty, S c⌫ ntk adj. ‘thirsty’ Frg18.4.
c⌫nwq, cn wq adj. ‘id.’ ~ )hy p al pass. pt. ‘id.’: cn⌫wq Mt25.37 E5/126r*; obl. c(nwqy E27/
102v27. Phrase cn wq *x-/m t ‘to be thirsty’ ~ )hy p al ‘id.’ Mt25.35 E5/126r*.
c⌫nwqy f. ‘thirst’ E28/16v15.
c⌫nxw r noun ‘drinker’: [c]((nxw)⌫(r) E28/33B11; c(nxw⌫r(t)[y] obl. pl. E28/19v15.
c⌫t- f. ‘koumiss’: acc. sg. c(t⌫ E29/5r1.
ctf r, ⌫tf r, S ct⌦ r num. ‘four’: ctf⌫r E26/2v24, 12r3; E47A4 (~ d ‘4’); (tf⌫r E27/17r1; S ct⌘⌫r
Cal11v2*.
ctf rmyq, ⌫tf rmyq ordinal ‘fourth, fourthly’: ctf⌫rmyq ~ d-⌫rb⇡⌫ ‘id.’ E26/30r23*; E29/1r4 (–);
(tf⌫rmyq ~ rby⇡y⌫ ‘id.’ E27/27v6*; ~ d-⌫rb⇡⌫ E27/39v1*, 108v4*.
1
ctf rs num. ‘fourteen’ ~ ⌫rb⇡sr ‘id.’ E47A16*.
ctf r-⌫md noun ‘Wednesday’: obl. ctf⌫r-(mdy E16A8.—Cf. (mbd.
ctf r-wystmyq, *⌫tf rwystmyq, S 24-mykw ordinal ‘twenty-fourth’ ~ d-⇡sryn w-⌫rb⇡⌫ ‘id.’: ctf⌫r-
wystmyq E28/4r30; [(tf]⌫rwystmyq E27/56r11; S 24-mykw Ps24.0*.
ctfrs, 2ctf rs, ⌫tfrs num. ‘forty’: ctf⌫rs E29/5v11 (~ ⌫r̈b⇡yn ‘id.’, cf. Mt4.2), 12* (id.), 22; ctfrs
E26/27v22 ([dw⌫ ]qmpy ctfrs ‘forty less [two]’ ~ tltyn w-tmny⌫ ‘thirty-eight’), 30r27 (~ ⌫rb⇡⌫
‘four’!); E28/73r5*; E42B6*; (tfrs ~ ⌫r̈b⇡yn E27/55r18, 20; (tfrs (tfrs ‘forty each’ ~ ⌫r̈b⇡yn
⌫r̈b⇡yn ‘id.’ E27/55r21.
cw, S cw (i) interrog. pron. and adj. ‘what?’ ~ mn⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; ~ mn ‘id.’ E27/94r1; ~ m⌫ ‘id.’
Jn2.4 E5/21r*; Ps50.16; E24c1.39; E26/24v22, 25v9; ~ ⌫ylyn ‘which?’ (pl.) E27/7v28 (x2); as
adv. ‘how?’ E26/3v7, 8v4, 28r6; E27/57v26; E29/5r6; ~ d- ‘that’ E27/12v30; ‘why?’ ~ mn⌫
‘id.’ Jn1.25 E5/19r; Lk24.38 E5/83r (x2); E26/30r26; ~ l-mn⌫ ‘for what (reason)?’ E26/25v13;
as a particle introducing a question: E23.292 (–); E27/68r24 (~ ky ‘id.’); also in the phrases
cw pyd r ‘why?’ ~ l-mn⌫ ‘for what (reason)?’ E23.198, 262; E25/1r17; ~ m*l mn⌫ ‘because of
what?’ E24c1.45; pr cw fr n ‘in what way?’ ~ ⌫ykn⌫ ‘how?’ E24c1.14; ~ b-mn⌫ ‘by what?’
E26/27r5.—(ii) rel. pron. and adj. ‘which’ ~ d- ‘id.’ Col1.9 E32/2r*; Ps24.7, 51.1-2*;
E23.110; E24; E26/24v1, 27r24, 31r30; E28/16v27 (–); E29/4v6 (cf. Dan10.1).
cwq: see pwrn-cwq.
cwq- m. ‘tear’ ~ dm⇡t⌫, pl. dm̈⇡⌫ ‘id.’ E28.
—Forms: cwqy nom.(?) sg. E28/14r12; cwqt⌫ nom.-acc.pl. E26/15r1; E28/7r15, v8; cwqty⌫
gen. pl. E28/3r23, 73r2.
cwpr, S cwpr postp. ‘over, upon, on top of, against, for, concerning’, usually with prep. pr ~ b-
‘on, upon, against’ Ps; E23.247f (‘in’?); E26/27r35, 31r12f; ~ ⇡l ‘upon, concerning’ E24c1.49,
70; E26/27r34, 31r21; ≈ l- marking direct object Ps5.13. In E26/23r21 (–), pr ... cwpr seems
to mean ‘by means of, through’.
cwpr-s r, cwpr-s (i) adv. ‘above, thereupon’: cwpr-s⌫r E26/42A5; (ii) postp. with prep. pr
‘upon’ ~ ⇡l ‘id.’: cwpr-s⌫ E28/4v29.
cwr m. PN ‘Čor’ E22.6.—Cf. qwlcwr.
cwt particle introducing a question, usually without any corresponding word in the Syriac: E5;
E26/25r8*; E28; ~ d-⌫n ‘whether’ E27/39v6, 9. Written as one word with a following neg.:
cwtn✏ Mt10.29 E5/76r, Lk24.32 E5/72v.
cwty interrog. pron. ‘what?’, only in phrase pr cwty ‘why?’ ~ l-mn⌫ ‘id.’ Lk19.23 E5/125r; E27/
5v29*, 69v17; ~ m*l mn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/40r14, 68v25, 69r14*; ~ ⌫ykn⌫ ‘how?’ E27/60r11.
—Forms: cwt✏ Lk19.23 E5/125r, E27/60r11, 69r14*, v17; cwty E27/5v29*, 40r14, 68v25;
E28/17r3, 4*.
cwxcm n-y, *cwẋ̣m ny adv. ‘whole-heartedly’: cwxcm⌫n-y E26/25r17; cwẋ̣m⌫ny E26/27r7*
([cw]ẋ̣m⌫(ny) prm ~ mn klh lbkwn ‘with all your heart’).
cx- / cx t vb. ‘to do battle, fight, contend, argue’ ~ qrb ap el ‘to fight’ E27/39v2, 40v17, 18; ~ kt(
p al ‘to strive, contend’ E27/104r10.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. cxty E27/39v2; 3 pl. pres. cxnt E27/40v18, 94r29; 3 sg. impf. cx⌫ E27/
Bv30; 3 pl. impf. cxnt E26/16v10; 3 pl. tr. pret. cx⌫d⌫rnt E27/40v17. Pp. cx ty ‘contending’:
pl. cx⌫tyt E27/104r10.
cxr- m. ‘wheel’: cxry nom. sg. E26/5r15.
S cx⌫ p↵yk adj. ‘relating to the (Manichaean) commandments’ 12600IIr6.
cxwd, S cxw↵ noun ‘Jew’ ~ yhwdy⌫ ‘id.’ NT; E26/31r27.
—Forms: cxwd Gal3.28 E6/3r; pl. cxwdt Jn1.19 E5/19r, Jn9.18, 22 E5/100v; 1Cor12.13 E6/
20r; E26/30v31; E34v3, 9*; obl. pl. cxwdtty E26/31r27; cxwdt Jn9.22 E5/100v, Jn20.19 E5/
76v; cxwdty E28/23r5; S obl. pl. cxwty 20223r5*.
̈
cxwd ny adj. ‘Jewish’: cxwd⌫n✏ Jn9.39 intro E5/48v (~ d-yhwdy⌫ ‘of the Jews’); cxwd⌫ny E28/
23r1.
cxwdy f. ‘Judaism’ E28/17v20.
cy⌫q: see mw,ty-cy⌫q.
cyq: suffix forming adjectives, often written as a separate word.
cym: see c(m-.
cymnt, cymnd, cymn⇠, cymnty prep. + dem. pron. and adj. ‘from this, of this; from these, of
these, than these’ (in E27 used as pl. of cymyd), sometimes preceded by a redundant cn: ~ mn
(...) hlyn ‘of/than these’ E27/48r19; E28/3r26, 7v25, 26; ~ mnhwn ‘from them’ E27/94v13*;
~ mnh ‘of it’ E26/31v9. Phrases: cymnt pyd r ‘therefore’ ~ m*l hd⌫/hn⌫ ‘because of this’ E27/
60v18, 61r18; cymnd xw n ‘of such a kind’ E28/23v8, pl. cymnt xw nt ‘of such kinds’ ~ ⌫yk
hlyn ‘like these’ E28/14v22.
—Forms: cymnd E28/23v8, 24A19; [c](y)ṃ̇nt E28/93B10(?); cymnt E27/60v18, 61r18; E28;
cymnty E26/31v9; E27/48r19, 94v13*; cymn+ E24c1.73; E28/23v10.
cymyd, cymydy, cymy⇠, cymy⇠y, cymyt prep. + dem. pron. and adj. ‘from this, of this’ (always
sg.), sometimes preceded by a redundant cn: ~ mn (...) hd⌫/hn⌫ ‘from/of this’ E26/26r14; E27/
40v13*, 55v20, 65r25; E28/14r16*; ~ mnh ‘of it’ E26/31v13; ~ mn ‘from’ E26/30v15; E27/
̈
94r18; E28/12v4; cf. also [cn] cymyt ,w⌫ ‘from this life’ ~ mn hlyn ḥy⌫ ‘id.’ E23A8. Phrases:
cymy⇠y pyd r ‘therefore’ ~ m*l hn⌫ E5; 1Cor5.8 E6/7r; cymyd/cymy⇠y ... pyd r ‘concerning
this ..., for the sake of this ...’ ~ m*l ... hd⌫ ‘id.’ E27/60v20; ~ ⇡l (...) hn⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12r3, 14v7; ~
m*l ‘because of ...’ E27/68v27f*; ~ ⌫yk d-l- ‘in order for ...’ E28/27r25; cymyd w x⌫y pyd r
‘concerning this matter’ ~ ⇡l hn⌫ ‘concerning this’ E28/14v7; cymydy pyd r w nqt ‘because’ ~
m*l d- ‘id.’ E28/1v5; cymydy p⌫ys r ‘after this’ E28/24B21; cymydy py⌫trw ‘id.’ E28/
17v10*; cymyd/cymy⇠ xw n ‘in this manner, of this kind, thus’ E26/16r5; E28/3v9 (~ hd⌫
‘this’), 18 (~ ⌫yk hkn⌫ ‘thus’), 23r24, 25A9.
—Forms: cymyd E27; E28; cymydy E28/1v5, 17v10, 18v25, 24B21; cymyt (sic) E23A8;
cymy+ E26/16r5, 7, 26r14, 30v15, 31v13; E28/3v9, 18, 23r24; E30/2r13*; c m + Jn1.31
E5/19v*; c my+ Mt21.43 E5/38v; c [my+y] Jn9.23 E5/100v*; cymy+y Jn15.19 E5/73v*;
1Cor5.8 E6/7r; E26/8v7 (‘from here’); E28/12r3*, 26B7.
cyn wt adj. ‘desirous, longing’ E26/23r17*; E28/10r17 (~ y⌫b etpa al pt. ‘longing for’).
cyn wty f. ‘eagerness’ E28/9v13 ([pr] cyn⌫wty⌫ ‘with eagerness, eagerly’ ~ lbyb⌫yt ‘courage-
ously’).
cyns⌫: see cys⌫r.
cyntp⌫r: see cyntrp⌫r.
cyntp r-qyr n adv. in the phrase cn cyntp⌫r-qyr⌫n ‘inwardly’ E28/13B10.
cyntr, cyndr, S cyntr (i) adv. ‘inside’ E28/71B4*(?), 109v27; also in the phrase cn cyntr qyr⌫n
‘inwardly’ E29/5r19; (ii) postp. ‘in, inside, into’, also with prep. pr: ~ b- ‘in’ Lk2.12 E3r,
Lk2.19 E3v*; Mt10.28 E5/76r*, Lk19.20 E5/125r, Jn5.28 E5/41r*; Ps5.8*; E23.105, 111 (see
BT XLV, 64); E26; ~ b-gw ‘inside, within’ Lk24.32 E5/72v; ~ l- ‘into’ E23.237, 279. Note
[bntq]t✏ c ntr ‘in prison’ Mt25.43, 44 E5/126v* ~ byt ⌫syr̈⌫ ‘(in) prison’ (without prep., see
SyrDict, 43b).
—Forms: cyndr E25/1r9; E28/109v27; c ntr E5; cyntr Lk2.12 E3r, Lk2.19 E3v*; E23; E26;
E28/71B4*; E29/5r19, v11; S cyntr Ps5.8*.
cyntrcyq adj. or adv. ‘internal(ly)’ E29/5r22.
cyntrp r, cyntp r, S cyntr-p r postp. ‘in, inside’: cyntp⌫r E28/1v16, 18r25; cyntrp⌫r E26/16v14,
26v21* (~ b- ‘id.’); S cyntr-p⌫r 20223v6.—Cf. cyntp⌫r-qyr⌫n.
cys r, *cys , cyns , S cntrs r postp. ‘into, in’: S cntrs⌫r Ps50.16 (~ b- ‘in’); cyns⌫ E24c3.9 (~ id.);
[cy]s⌫ E23.243 (~ l- ‘into’); cys⌫r E23.127 (mn⌫ x⌫ny cys⌫r ‘into my house’ ~ lwty ‘to me’), 271
(~ l-).
̈
cyty m. ‘(evil) spirit’, only pl. cytyt in phrase dyw(t) cytyt ‘spirits (and) devils’ ~ (⌫d⌫ ‘devils’
E26/25r25, 32v2.—Cf. *r⌫mcyty.
cyw, S cyw prep. + 3rd pers. sg. pron. ‘from him’ (E27/105r7*), ‘by it’ (~ mnḣ ‘id.’ E27/40v12).
Phrase cyw pyd r, S cyw py↵ r ‘concerning him/it, on account of him/it, for it’ ~ m*lth/m*ltḣ
‘for his/its sake’ Hymn 7; E27/60r30, 66r6, 68r5; E28/3r12; ~ ⇡lwhy ‘concerning him’ E27/
60r27; ~ ⇡l hd⌫ ‘concerning this’ E27/60r6.
cywnt, cywnty, cywn⇠ prep. + dem. pron. and adj. ‘from that, than that, from those, of those’,
sometimes preceded by a redundant cn: E23.71; E24c3.66; E26/18A2; E27/Hv1*; E28/2ar3
(~ mn ⌫ylyn ‘of those (things which ...)’), 5r19* (~ mnhwn ‘from them’), 14r4 (~ id.), 5 (~ mn
‘from’); E29/1v5. Phrases: *cywn⇠ (...) mc r/mc ‘since that’ ~ mn ‘from’ Col1.9 E32/2r (MS
qywn+!); ~ mkyl ‘since that time’ E24c1.82; cywnt ... pyd r ‘on account of those’ E28/
24A22*; (±cn) cywnty prcy ‘after that’ E29/2v2, 4v7.
—Forms: cywnt E23.71; E26/18A2; E27/Hv1*; E28; E29/1v5; cywn+ Col1.9 E32/2r (MS
qywn+!); E24c1.82, c3.66; cywnty E28/5r19*, 11v18, 14r4; E29/2v2, 4v7.
cywy⇠, cywy⇠y, cywyd, cywydy, S cywy↵, cyw y↵ prep. + dem. pron. and adj. ‘from that, with
that, than that’ etc. (always sg.), sometimes preceded by a redundant cn: Ps5.11 (~ mn
‘from’); E26/28r14* (~ mnḣ ‘from it’); E27/1v7 (~ mn ... h↵ ‘from that’), 11v28 (~ mn),
14v20 (b- ... h↵ ‘by that’), 22v1 (~ mn), 23r5 (~ m*l ‘on account of’), 11 (cn cywyd rwt ‘from
that river’ ~ mn tmn ‘thence’), 24r7 (~ mn), 94r4* (~ mn h↵ ‘than that (person)’); E28/1v10
(cywydy q ‘from that one who’ ~ mn ⌫yn⌫ d- ‘from him who’), 2ar12 (cn cywyd ⌫d⌫ q✏t ‘than
that person who’ ~ id.), 14 (id. ~ id.), 8v14* (~ mnh ‘than it’); E30/1v21*, 6v19*. Phrases: c°
yrtr ‘thereafter’ ~ mn hẏ (⇡t⌫ ‘from that hour’ E23.77; c° ... ms ‘from that’ ~ mn ‘from’ E27/
23r12*; c° ms qt ‘since’ ~ mn d- ‘id.’ Lk24.21 E5/72r; c° pc rt qt ‘because’ E26/42A3; c°
pyd r ‘because of that, therefore, concerning that’ ~ m*l-hn⌫ ‘because of this’ Col1.9 E32/2r*;
E23.103; ~ m*ltḣ ‘because of it’ E27/102r20; ~ ⇡l h↵ ‘concerning that’ E28/14v7; c° w x⌫y
pyd r ‘because of that saying’ ~ m*l hẏ ‘because of that’ E27/55v23f, 56r8; c° pyd r qt/m t, S
cyw( )y↵ py↵ r m t(w) ‘because’ ~ m*l d- ‘id.’ NT; Ps; E23.99, 164; E24c3.11, 20; E26; E28/
9v8; ~ d- ‘(in) that’ E26/24r21; ~ gyr ‘for’ E26/30v1*; ≈ lp ‘because of’ Ps29.0; c° pyd r
p (t) ‘because’ E28/27v17; E30/6r9f* (~ m*l d-, SA Syr. 52); c° prcy ‘after that’ E28/17v11;
c° py⌫trw ‘afterwards’ ~ mn btrkn ‘id.’ E27/60r8, 94r5f*; (±cn) c° py⌫trw qt/c nw, S cywy↵
[py⌫trw m t] ‘after’ ~ (±mn) btr d- ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; Ps29.0; E27/22r2*; c° xw n ‘in this
manner’ E28/7v4; E30/1r10.
—Forms: cyw (error?) E28/38r1; cywyd Col1.9 E32/2r; E24c1.1, c3.11, 20; E26/32v3; E27;
E28; cywydy E28; c w + Lk16.14 E5/48v, Jn1.30 E5/19v, Jn5.38 E5/41v*; cywy+ Lk1.1 E4;
Lk24.21 E5/72r, Lk24.29 E5/72v, Jn9.22 E5/100v; Rom11.20 E6/6r*, 1Cor1.25 E6/12r,
1Cor11.25 E6/7v; E20r6; E23.99, 103; E25/1r12, v13; E26; E29; E30/1r10, v21*; cywy+y
E23.77, 164; E26/9r5, 42A3*; E28/9v8, 11r2, 25B6; E30/6r9*, 15*, v19*; S cyw⌫y Ps33.4*,
9*; 20227v10*; cywy Ps.
d⌫cyqy⌫: see d⌫tcyqy⌫.
d dÿn m. PN ‘Dadianus’ E23.78*, 167, 182.—The pointing implying final -⇧ agrees with the
Uygur form t⌫dyny (Zieme 2015, 96 n. 374).
d f prep. + 2nd pers. sg. pron. ‘with you’, always with postp. prw: E27/51r5, 8*, 69v25 (~ ⇡mk
‘id.’); E28/11r24*, 16v19, 22.
d m noun ‘creatures, creation, world’: d⌫m E26/23v5 ([z⌫ycyqt] d⌫m ‘earthly creatures’ ~ ⇡mm̈⌫
‘the peoples’?), 24r13 ([z⌫ycy](q)t d⌫m ~ bnÿn(⌫ ‘men’?), 25v18* ([z⌫ycyqt d](⌫)m ~ ⌫n(⌫
‘mankind’?); obl. d⌫my E25/1r9*.—Cf. mwrty-d⌫m.
1
d m prep. + 1st pers. sg. pron. ‘with me’, always with postp. prw ~ ⇡my ‘id.’: E26/12r36 (–);
E27/69r18 (–), v12, 26, 120r3.
2
d m f. ‘net’: obl. pl. d m ty E28/19r13 (MS d mnty), 18, 94A2*.
d p t adv. ‘yes, truly’ ~ ⌫yn ‘id.’ Mt21.30 E5/38r (see Sims-Williams 2016, 68); E23.266 (~ ⌫yn
in MSS MV).
1
d r noun ‘blade’ in phrase x ry d r ‘blade of the sword’ ~ syp⌫ ‘sword’ E27/68v5; ~ pwm⌫ d-
rb⌫ ‘edge (lit. mouth) of the sword’ E27/68v6.
2
d r / ⇡ t-, S ↵ r vb. ‘to have, hold, possess, keep, guard; treat (as), consider (as)’, occasionally
‘to wear’ (e.g. E26/27v11; E27/55r20f, 56r26; E28/19r8; E29/2r1): ~ n*r p al ‘to guard, keep’
E27/69r19, 104r18*; ~ ⌫ d p al ‘to hold’ Creed 1; E27/60v29, 69v23; E28/7v5; ~ y(* ap el ‘to
hold out’ E26/31v15; ~ dbr pa el ‘to govern’ E27/1r10*; ~ wr p al ‘to regard, consider’
E27/55v17; ~ lb( p al ‘to wear’ E27/55r20f, 56r26; ~ ⇡*p ap el ‘to clothe, wrap’ or pa el ‘to
wear’ Ps5.13 (see BT XXXII, 37). The verb d⌫r is also used as the auxiliary of the tr. pf.; the
relevant forms of the auxiliary are included in the list below, but the Syr. equivalents of such
expressions should in general be sought under the principal word.—Phrases: bnt d r ‘to have
a concern, be occupied’ ~ ⇡n⌫ p al pass. pt. ‘to be occupied’ Lk10.40 E5/91r ; ~ ⇡n⌫ etp el ‘id.’
E28/1v3; S nwt ↵ r ‘to place (one’s) trust (in)’ (+ pr) ~ sbr pa el (+ b-) ‘to trust (in)’ Ps5.12;
yc t/wyc t d r ‘to hold firm, keep safe, keep, guard’ ~ n*r p al ‘to guard, keep, observe (the
Sabbath)’ Lk2.19 E3v*; Jn9.16 E5/100r*; E19r1 (–); fry- d r, S pry- ↵ r ‘to hold dear’ ~ r m
p al ‘to love’ Lk16.14 E5/48v, Jn15.19 E5/73v; Ps11.7; E27/68v27; ~ bb ap el ‘id.’ E28/
109v26* (cf. 1 Jn2.10); S pry wy ↵ r ‘to have love’ ~ r m p al ‘to love’ Ps5.12; frystr d r ‘to
hold most dear’ ~ r m p al ‘to love’ Jn21.7 E5/80v*; E30/1r4f* (both passages referring to
John as the disciple whom Jesus ‘held most dear’, see BT XXXII, 130); S p ⌫t ny ↵ r ‘to keep
straight’ ~ tr) p al ‘to direct, make straight’ Ps5.9; p ty d r, S p ty ↵ r ‘to keep protected, to
protect’ Ps5.9 (~ dbr pa el ‘to lead, guide’); E26/1r19; pr cr q d r, S pr cr k ↵ r ‘to keep in
pasture, to pasture’ ~ r⇡y p al ‘to pasture, tend, feed’ E27/87v14; Hymn 7; pr sxnt ⇡ ty *b-/
qt- ‘to be subjected to mockery’ ≈ )dy etp el ‘to mock’ E23.299f; pty⇠(y) d r ‘to hold in
contempt’ ~ (w* p al ‘to despise’ E27/68r30*, v26; rwx⌫ny q d r ‘to bear light’ ~ nhr ap el ‘to
provide light, enlighten’ E27/94r24; sp s d r ‘to perform service’ E26/12v13; E28/27v20* (~
pl p al ‘to serve’); swxsty d r ‘to hold raised up’ ~ (ql p al pass. pt. ‘to support’ Rom11.18*,
18 E6/6r; ⌫y d r ‘to keep in memory’ ~ dkr etp el ‘to remember’ E24c1.86*; [w](r)cy d r ‘to
make comfortable’ ~ nw ap el ‘to give rest, to please’ E26/25r5; wry⇠ d r ‘to devote oneself
to (pr)’ ~ ( etpa al ‘to make use of (b-)’ E28/12r19, 14r27* (see BT XLII, 34-5); xns/xs
d r, S xns ↵ r ‘to keep safe’ ~ n*r p al ‘to guard, keep, observe (the Sabbath)’ Ps12.8*, 19.12,
32.7; E23.157f; E29/1r10; ⇡y⌫ty d r ‘to consider (as) hateful’ ~ sny p al ‘to hate’ Lk16.13
E5/48v; Tit3.3 E6/5r*; E28/1r23, 109v28 (cf. 1 Jn2.11). (Note: in the idioms with fry- and
,y(t-, at least in E5, ny⌫t seems to function as a past stem of 2d⌫r.)
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. [d⌫]rm E38/89B5(?); 3 sg. pres. d⌫rt Lk16.13 E5/48v; E27/61v20,
104r18*; E28; E29/2r1; E31v16; 1 pl. pres. d⌫rym E27/94r8; E28/20v7(?), 22A1, 2*, 13(?); 3
pl. pres. d⌫rnt E24c1.86*; E26/12v13*; E28; E29/2r7 (x2); 1 sg. pres. dur. d⌫rmsq E27/69v23;
d⌫rmsqn E28/7v5; 2 sg. pres. dur. d⌫r sq Rom11.18 E6/6r; E28/69B13; d⌫r✏sq E28/35A7;
d⌫rysq E23.263; 3 sg. pres. dur. d⌫rtq Jn9.16 E5/100r*; Rom11.18 E6/6r; E26/25r5; E27/
68v26; d⌫r+sq E24c1.46; 1 pl. pres. dur. d[⌫rymsq] E27/68v30*; 2 pl. pres. dur. d⌫rt⌫sq E26/
31v15; 3 pl. pres. dur. d⌫rntq E27/Dv7; 1 sg. fut. d⌫rnq⌫ E27/69r19; 3 sg. fut. d⌫rtq⌫n E28/
16r23; 3 pl. fut. d⌫rntq⌫ E27/56r26; 1 sg. #z-impf. d⌫r⌫zw E27/68v27; 3 sg. #z-impf. d⌫r⌫z
E27/1r10*, 94r16; E28/125A3; 3 pl. #z-impf. d⌫r⌫znt E27; 3 sg. #z-impf. dur. d⌫r⌫sq E26/15r30;
E29/4v9; 3 pl. impf. (mistake for 3 sg.) d⌫rnt E29/2r2; 1 sg. impf. dur. d⌫rwsq E26/8r8; 2 sg.
opt. d⌫ry E27/51r30*; 3 sg. opt. d⌫ry E28/1r23; 1 pl. opt. d⌫rym E28/20r13*, v4*, 22A8*; 3 pl.
opt. d⌫r✏nt E27/55v17; E28/25A10; 3 sg. opt. dur. d⌫rysqn E30/1r5*; 1 sg. subj. d⌫rn E28/
108B3, 6; 3 sg. subj. d⌫rt E24c1.4 (xsd⌫rt); E28/1v3; 2 sg. impv. d⌫r E19r1; E23.158; E26/
1r19; E27/111r5; E28; E30/5r4, 6r1; 2 pl. impv. d⌫rt⌫ E28/20r19; E29/1r10, 12*; pres. inf. (±pr
...) d⌫r E28/20v11*, 23v11; 3 sg. tr. pret. , twd⌫rt E26/27v11; 3 pl. tr. pret. , d⌫rnt E26/31r19;
E31v17; , tw-d⌫rnd E25/1v17; dur. pt. d⌫r✏q Lk16.14 E5/48v, Jn15.19 E5/73v; Tit3.3 E6/5r*;
d⌫ryq Lk2.19 E3v*; Lk10.40 E5/91r (d ryq), Jn21.7 E5/80v*; pres. pt. d⌫rny E27/56r32;
E28/1v18, 66v25; E29/5v1; pp. , ty E23.300; S 2 sg. pres. ⌫(r)[y] Ps12.8; 3 sg. pres. ⌫r[t]
Ps11.7; [⌫rtw Ps33.9: see w⌫b]; 3 pl. pres. ⌫r⌫nt Ps5.12 (x2), 11.5*; 3 sg. subj. ⌫(r)[⌫t]
Ps19.12; 2 sg. impv. ⌫r Ps5.9 (x2), 13, 32.7; Hymn 7; pres. pt. ⌫rny Creed 1.
3
d⌫r: see frm⌫n-d⌫r, x(⌫wnd⌫r.
d r mnty m. ‘holding, keeping’ in the following phrases: yc t/wyc t/wycy t d r mnty ‘keeping’
~ n*wrwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/61r28*; E28/7r7, 14r3; ryw(y) pty⇠ d r mnty ‘self-disdain’ ~ (y*wt yt⌫
‘id.’ E28/1v9, 33B9* (–), 118B8* (–); sp sy d r mnty ‘performance of service’ ~ t(m(t⌫ ‘ser-
vice’ E27/55v23.
—Forms: d⌫r⌫mnty E27/61r28*; E28; acc. sg. d⌫r⌫mntw E27/55v23.
d⌫rqy⌫: see ryw-d⌫rqy⌫.
d⌫rwg: see pt(ng-d⌫rwq.
d rwq noun ‘wood’ ~ qys⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.49, 53.—Cf. pt(ng-d⌫rwq.
d rwqyny adj. ‘wooden’: f. d⌫rwqync E26/8r4.
d tbr, S ↵ t⌦r m. ‘judge’ ~ dyn⌫ ‘id.’ E24c2.4, 7; E27/24r13*, 77v11; ~ ⌫ntwp*ws ‘proconsul’
E27/77r5*, 16; ~ hgmwn⌫ ‘prefect, governor’ Mt10.18 E5/75r*; ~ byt dyn̈⌫ ‘tribunal’ Mt10.17
E5/75r.
—Forms: d⌫tbr E24c2.4 (x2), 7; E27/77r5*, 16; E49.5*; obl. d⌫tbry E28/11r10; pl. d⌫tbrt
Mt10.17 E5/75r (MS dtbrt!), Mt10.18 E5/75r*; E27/24r13*, 77v11; S pl. ⌫t⌘rt 20223r3.
d tbry f. ‘judgeship’ E26/1v15.
d tcyq adj. ‘just, lawful’ ~ k⌫n⌫ ‘id.’: d⌫tc q Jn5.30 E5/41r; d⌫tcyq Jn17.25 E5/83r; E28/22B3
(–).—Cf. *n⌫-d⌫tcyq.
d tcyqy , d cyqy f. ‘justice, what is right’ ~ k⌫nwt⌫ ‘id.’: d⌫cyqy⌫ E27/56r20*, 108v2*; d⌫tc qy ⌫
Lk1.75 E5/6v; d⌫tcyqy⌫ E28/9r15 (–); obl. d⌫tc q✏ Mt21.32 E5/38r; d⌫tcyqy⌫y E28/3v25,
13A17 (–).
d t⌥ adj. or adv. ‘right’, only in phrase d t⌥ syd ‘to seem right; to seem’ ~ zy etp el ‘id.’ Lk1.3
E4*; Lk10.36 E5/91r.
d w vb. ‘to smear’ ~ *w( p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. tr. pret. d⌫wd⌫rt Jn9.11 E5/100r.
d⌫wsy: see dwsy.
d y f. ‘handmaid, maidservant’: d⌫y E23.134 (d⌫y ⌫ync ‘servant woman’ ~ ⌫mt⌫ ‘maidservant’);
E26/24r21* (~ ⌫mt⌫); E28/19v11*; pl. d⌫yt E24c3.29.
d⌫ylwn: see ⌫ylwn.
db m nqy f. ‘hesitation, doubt’ ~ pwlg⌫ ‘id.’ E24c3.21.
db mn, b mn, S ↵⌦ mn f. ‘wife; lady’ ~ ⌫ntt⌫ ‘wife’: b⌫mn E24c3.10; db⌫mn Mt19.10 E2/2r;
Mt5.32 E5/28r; S ⌘⌫mn E17v19 (–).
db n, S *↵⌦ n f.(?) ‘flame’ ~ (lhbyt⌫ ‘id.’ Ps29.7*; E27/23v7, 24r6*; also in phrase try db n
‘flame of fire’ ~ (lhbyt⌫ ‘flame’ E27/23r27, 24r11*; ~ nwr⌫ ‘fire’ E27/91r5.
—Forms: db⌫n E27/23r27, v7, 15; obl. db⌫ny E27/24r6*, 11*, 91r5; S ⌘(⌫)[n] Ps29.7.
1,2
db⌫ny, S ⌘⌫ny: see db⌫n, (⌫(t db⌫n✏.
S ⌘⌫r: see +b⌫r.
db t adv. ‘perhaps, perchance’ ~ kbr ‘id.’ Mt21.37 E5/38v; Rom11.19 E6/6r; E27/40v18, 77r8*,
104r14*; ~ *k ‘id.’ E27/69r15; ~ dlm⌫ ‘id.’ E27/19v1, 31v10; ~ dm ‘id.’ E27/12v30; also in
phrase qt db t ‘id.’ ~ dlm⌫ Rom11.14 E6/5v*; E24c1.52, 53*.—Cf. qdb⌫t.
db z adj. ‘huge’ E26/2r20.
dbqyr n adj. ‘two-sided, twofold’ E26/3v17.
*dbn- f. ‘fear, suspicion’ ~ qn*⌫ ‘id.’: abl. sg. d(b)[ny⌫] E27/48r15.—Cf. pw-dbn.
dbr-, S 1↵⌦r- m. ‘door, gate, court’ ~ tr⇡⌫ ‘id.’ Mt24.33 E5/51v*, Jn20.19 E5/76r*; Ps24.7, 9
(x2); E26/28v7, 31r28, 32v17; E27/60v27, 30, 68r18; E28/8v15*, 10v5*(?). Phrases: pyn +
dbr- ‘to open the door’ ~ pt p al ‘to open up, open (the door)’ Lk12.36 E5/130r; E26/28v8*;
E27/60r8; sqsy dbr-, S (sk)s(y )↵[⌦r]- ‘door of a tomb’ ~ tr⇡⌫ d-qbr⌫ ‘id.’ E26/32v17; ~ qbr̈⌫
ptÿ ⌫ ‘open graves’ Ps5.10*.
—Forms: nom. sg. dbry E26/31r28; E28/10v5*, 69B9(?); nom. as acc. sg. dbr Lk12.36
E5/130r; dbry Mt24.33 E5/51v*; E24c3.71; E26/2v24, 28v7, 8*, 32v17; acc. sg. dbrw E26/
15r14*; E27/51v14*(?), 57r20, 60r8, v30; E28/8v15*; gen. sg. dbry E24c3.60; loc. sg. dbry⌫
E26/14v15*; E27/60v27, 68r18; E28/17r5*; ydbry⌫ E27/48v2*; nom. pl. dbrt⌫ Jn20.19 E5/
76r*; S gen. sg. m. [⌘r]y Ps5.10; voc. pl. ⌘rt⌫ Ps24.7, 9 (x2).
2
S ⌘r-: see +br-.
S ↵⌦r yn ky f. ‘(act of) giving’ 12600IIr8*.
S ⌘rty: see *+frty.
db(my⌫: see ⌫bwn db(my⌫.
dbtqy E28/20r18: mistake for dbtyqy.
dbty- ordinal ‘second, other’: acc. dbtyw as adv. ‘again’ E28/13B20; abl. in phrase [... db]t[y]⌫
̈
prw ‘[one] with another’ ~ ⇡m dd⌫ ‘with one another’ E27/25r16.
dbtyq, S ↵⌦tyk (i) ordinal ‘second, next, other’ ~ ⌫ rn⌫ ‘other, next’ E5+; ~ d-tryn/d-tr̈tyn
‘second’ Lk12.38 E5/130r; Lk19.18 E5/125r; E27; ~ d-btrh ‘following it’(?) Jn1.29 E5/19v;7
~ tryn⌫ ‘second’ E23.193; (ii) as adv. ‘secondly, again’ ~ twb ‘again’ Rom6.9 E32/1v; Creed
10; E27/102r20; ~ mn d-ry( ‘id.’ E27/22r9, 13, 26v2; ~ d-trtyn ‘secondly’ E27/57r24.—
Where Syriac repeats d ... d ... ‘one ... one ...’ Sogdian prefers yw ... dbtyq ... ‘one ... the
other ...’ E27/60r2; E28/3v14*. Similarly in expressions for ‘one another’: yw cn dbtyq(y)
̈
‘one from another’ ~ d mn d ‘id.’ Mt25.32 E5/125v*; ~ ⇡m dd⌫ ‘with one another’ E27/
57r17; yw dndbtyqy ‘one with another’ ~ d l- d ‘one to another’ E28/109v25 (cf. Jn13.34);
̈
yw ndbtyqy/dbtyqy ‘one to another’ ~ d l- d Tit3.3 E6/5r; E27/77r13; ~ l-ḥdd⌫ ‘to one
̈
another’ E27/57r16; yw qw dbtyq s⌫ ‘one to another’ ~ d l- d Lk24.32 E5/72v*; ~ l-ḥdd⌫
E27/87r10; [yw d](bt)yqy prw ‘[one] with another’ ~ d ⇡m d ‘id.’ Lk2.15 E3r*; [yw dn
̈
dbty](q)y [prw] ‘id.’ ~ ⇡m ḥdd⌫ ‘with one another’ Jn16.19 E5/78v.—Other phrases: qt dbtyq
prwrt[w/y] ‘a second time’ ~ d-tr̈tyn zbnÿn ‘id.’ Jn9.24 E5/101r*; cn dbtyq prwrtw ‘id.’ ~
mn d-ry( ‘again’ Tit3.5 E6/5r; dbtyq (p)[r]tw ‘a second time’ ~ twb ‘again’ E27/55v16;
yd(bt)[yq my⇠y] ‘on the next [day]’ ~ l-btrh d-ywm⌫ ‘id.’ E27/26r2.—Cf. yw-dbtq .
—Forms: dbt q E5; dbtyq Mt5.39 E5/28v*; Tit3.5 E6/5r; Rom6.9 E32/1v; E9/1r11; E11.5;
E23.193; E26; E27; E28; E29/1r3, 6, 2v6; ydbtyq E27/26r2*, 27r15; obl. dbtq in yw-dbtq
(see separate entry); dbt q Lk16.13 E5/48v (x2); dbtyqy Lk2.15 E3r*; Jn16.19 E5/78v*(?);
E26/14r16, 16v12; E28/20v16; dndbtqy E28/109v25; ndbt q Tit3.3 E6/5r; ndbtyqy E27/
57r16; S ⌘tyk Creed 10; 12600IIr2*.
dbtyqy: see dbtyq, xwdbtyq.
dbz- m. (once also dbz or dbz- f., E28/16v15, perhaps by assimilation to the antonym c(n⌫)
‘hunger’ ~ kpn⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E30/4v20 (see Nau 1920, 4, line 20).
—Forms: nom. sg. dbzy E27/31v28, 29; acc. sg. dbz⌫ E28/16v15; dbzw E27/102r27, v24; abl.
sg. dbz⌫ E27/31v31, 69r25, 102v21, 22*; E30/4v20; pl. dbz✏t E28/85v25.
dbzb⌫qy⌫: see dybzb⌫qy⌫.
ddy⌫w m. PN ‘D#di(o⇡’ E28/8r27*.
dql ̤⇠ GN ‘Tigris’ E26/12r3.
dqyws m. PN ‘Decius’ E27/77r1*, v10*.
dm- vb. ‘to swell’: 3 sg. pres. dur. dmtysq E28/7r21* (~ *r*⇡ quad.refl. ‘to surge’ + b⇡b⇡ quad.refl.
‘to swell, bubble’).
7
Alternatively, dbtyq may here translate ⌫ rn⌫, the reading of both Vetus Syra MSS (see Sims-Williams 2016, 72).
dmtyr noun ‘torch, candle’: pl. dmtyrt E27/60r30 (~ qrywn⌫ ‘candle’), 94r24 (~ lmp⌫d⌫ ‘torch’),
102v19* (~ id.); E28/86B6.
dn, S ✏M prep. + abl. ‘with’, mostly with postp. prw/pr⌫w8 ~ ⇡m ‘id.’ NT+; Ps5.5*, 50.18; ~ b-
‘id.’ E27/77v12. [E26/16v14; E28/3v23: mistake for cn]. Phrases: dwrt swq t dn tw prw
‘peace be with you’ ~ (lm lk ‘peace unto you’ E28/9r12, 20*; S t(w)[ ]cw rk sty (✏)[M] ...
prw ‘what business do you have with ...?’ ~ m⌫ lk w-l- ‘id.’, lit. ‘what (is it) to you and to ...?’
Ps50.16.
—Forms: dn passim; S ⇡M Ps5.5*, 50.16*, 18; 20223r5, 20227v11*. Combined: ⌫tdn E28/
77r25, 118B5; dndbtqy E28/109v25.
dndbtqy = dn + dbtqy (see dbtyq).
dn (Syr.) ‘Epiphany’ E27/55r16.
dnt f. ‘tooth’ ~ (n⌫ ‘id.’: dnt⌫ Mt5.38 E5/28v; obl. dnt⌫ Mt5.38 E5/28v; pl. d(nt)[yt] E27/14v19;
obl. pl. dntyty E28/7r17.
dnt -⌫q f f. ‘gnashing of teeth’ E27/51v5, 68v4 (~ wrq (n⌫ ‘id.’).
dny yl m. PN ‘Daniel’ E29.
dpyr m. ‘scribe’ E43B4 (MS dpyd!); E45r12; pl. dp✏rt Mt20.18 E5/34v (~ spr⌫ ‘id.’).
dpyry f. ‘writing’ E27/31r14 (~ nwpq⌫ d-spr⌫ ‘book instruction’); E29/1v1, 3.
*dr̈⇠m⌫: see ⌫lh⌫ ⌫b⌫ *dr̈⇠m⌫.
S r w(k-: see ,wx(q-.
drs noun ‘skin’ E21v1 (~ m(k⌫ ‘id.’, Gen3.21?).
drtyc noun ‘ordure, filth’ E27/48v13.
ds num. ‘ten’ ~ ⇡sr⌫ ‘id.’ E5; E27/40v18, 19; ~ y ‘10’ E47A10.
ds -zng n adj. ‘tenfold’: obl. ds⌫-zng⌫ny E29/1r1*.
̈ ̈
dsb⌫: see mmll⌫ dsb⌫.
dsmyq ordinal ‘tenth’ E27/55r27 (~ d-⇡sr⌫ ‘id.’); E42B8*.
dsprtr , sprtr m. ‘handkerchief’: dsprtr✏ Lk19.20 E5/125r (~ sdwn⌫ ‘cloth, towel’); sprtr✏
E36/1v6*, 11.
dst-, S ↵st- m. ‘hand’ ~ ⌫yd⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; Ps24.4; Creed 4 (in Sogdian often sg. even where the
Syriac has a pl. form); ~ s*r⌫ ‘side’ E28/9v27. Phrase: pr ... dstw/dsty ‘by means of’ ~ b-yd/b-
⌫yd-/b-⌫ÿd- ‘id.’, lit. ‘by the hand(s) of’ 1Tim2.15 E6/18v*, Tit3.6 E6/5v*; Rom5.21 E32/1r*;
E25/1v11; E26/27r2, v34*, 28r1*; E27; E28/9v31, 14r6, 16; ~ b- ‘by, through’ Col1.14
E32/2v*; E28/14r7; ~ mn ‘by’ E26/24r35. (For the phrase pr dstw wn-/qt- ‘to hand over’ see
prdstw.)
—Forms: nom. sg. dst Lk1.66 E5/6r; dsty E26/26r17, 37r2; E28/9v27; nom. as acc. sg. dsty
Rom5.21 E32/1r*, Col1.14 E32/2v; E23.147; E24c3.16, 22; E26/7v3, 16v2*, 24r35;
E28/9v23; acc. sg. dstw Jn20.25 E5/76v*; 1Tim2.15 E6/18v, Tit3.6 E6/5v*; E25/1v11; E26;
E27; E28; E51A4; loc. sg. dsty⌫ E29/1v7, 8, 2r2; loc. sg. or pl. dsty⌫ E26/8r2, 8, 15r10; E27;
E29/2r7; abl. sg. dst⌫ E27/65v26, 83r11; E28/8r3*(?); acc. pl. dst⌫ Lk24.39 E5/83r*, Lk24.40
E5/83v*, Jn20.20, 25 E5/76v; E26/30v25, 31r16; E27/68r18; gen. pl. dsty⌫ E27/51r7, 60v26;
gen. as acc. pl. dsty⌫ Lk10.36 E5/91r; E20r7*; abl. pl. dsty⌫ Lk1.71 E5/6r, Lk1.74 E5/6v;
E28/7r24, 9v1*, 16v17; S nom. as acc. sg. sty Ps24.4; acc. pl. st⌫ Creed 4; gen. pl. sty⌫
20222br5. Unclear: dsty⌫ E48B3*.
8
Where dn ... pr(⌫)w governs two conjoined noun phrases, dn is repeated before each but pr(⌫)w is only placed after
the last in the series.
S *↵st r k adj. ‘ten-stringed’ ~ d-⇡sr̈ m̈nyn ‘of ten strings’: f. *st⌫rch Ps33.2 (MS (twch!).
dstb r adv. in phrase s dstb r ‘to seize, lay one’s hands upon’ E26/2r4.
̈
dstb ry, dstb rʾ, dstf ry m. ‘staff, rod’ ~ w*r⌫ ‘id.’ E26/8r4* (Brock 1982, §21); E27/60v29;
E29/2r2* (cf. Ex10.13—see BT XXXII, 96).
̈
—Forms: dstb⌫rʾ E26/8r4*; dstb⌫ry E26; dstf⌫ry E29/2r2*, 3; pl. dstb⌫r✏t E27/60v29.
dstwb ry, dstwb r̈ , S ↵stw⌦ ry m. ‘handiwork’: dstwb⌫r̈⌫ E26/30v27 (~ ⇡bd⌫ d-⌫ÿd⌫ ‘work of the
hands’); dstwb⌫ry E27/5r29* (~ ⇡bd p al pass. pt. ‘(something) made’), 57v20; E28/69A8*; S
*stw⌘⌫ry Ps19.2 (ZKny *° [MS sw⌘ry!] kty⌫wy ‘His handiwork (and) creation’ ~ ⇡bd
⌫ÿdwhy ‘the work of His hands’); stw⌘⌫ry 12600Iv7.
S ↵stw⌦ry m. ‘handwriting’ ~ kyrt ⌫ÿd⌫ ‘handwriting, autograph’ (Lewis 1902, k*, col. 2, line 3)
20227r15*.
dst -sn m m. ‘washing of hands’ ~ (ygt⌫ ‘washing’ E27/57r13.
S sw⌘ry: see dstwb⌫ry.
d(t-: see dys.
d⌫tw n, S ↵⌫tw n adj. ‘poor’ ~ mskn⌫ ‘id.’ E25/1v11; E26/31v6; E27/105v6; E30/4v19 (Nau
1920, 4, line 20, misprinted msk(n⌫!).
—Forms: d(tw⌫n E25/1v11; E26/31v16; E27/51v6, 54r18; E28/16v12, 106v2*; E30/4v19; pl.
d(tw⌫nt E26/2r12*, 5r7, 31v6; E27/51r3, 105v6*; E28/25A9; S (tw⌫n O2497.4.
d⌫twc, S ↵⌫twch noun ‘poverty’: d(twc E27/51v9; [S (twch Ps33.2, mistake for *st⌫rch, see
*st⌫r⌫k].
d⌫tyc noun ‘building, edifice’: d(tyc E26/12v3*, 5, 33; E28/16r12* (less likely dy(tyc), 19r16;
d(tyc⌫( E28/9r4 (~ bnyn⌫ ‘id.’).
d(tyc⌫( = d(tyc + -⌫( (see -().
*dt- n. ‘(wild) animal, creature’ ~ r (⌫ ‘vermin’: acc. sg. [d]tw E25/1r14*.
dtbrt Mt10.17 E5/75r: mistake for d⌫tbrt, see d⌫tbr.
d✓⇠n m. PN ‘Dathan’ E26/16r10.
dt⌫y rwc (name of the 8th, 15th and 23rd days of the month): obl. dt(y rwcy E40r8*.
dw num. ‘two’ ~ tr̈yn/tr̈tyn ‘id.’ E5+; ~ b ‘2’ E47A2. Phrases: dw dw ‘two by two, two each’
E27/68v7 ~ tr̈yn tr̈yn ‘id.’; dw yxw q ‘two parts’ ~ plg p al pass. pt. ‘divided’ (Dan2.41—see
BT XXXII, 100) E29/4r12.
—Forms: dw⌫ E5; E9/1r5; E24c1.73; E26; E27; E28; E29/4r12, 15; E30/2r20* (or dw⌫ts?);
E36/3r11*; E47A2; acc. f. dwy E27/6v13; gen. dybnw E27/11r26*.
dw -p⌫ynty adj. ‘divided into two parts, bisected’ E27/22v12* (≈ plg etp el ‘to be divided,
halved’), 66v10*.
dw ts, dwts num. ‘twelve’: dw⌫ts ~ tr̈⇡sr ‘id.’ Lk6.13 E5/91v; E41.6 (–); d(w)ts (sic) ~ tr(tyn) ⇡sr
(sic) ‘id.’ E47A14; obl. dw⌫tsnw ~ tr⇡sr̈t⌫ ‘the Twelve (Apostles)’ Jn20.24 E5/76v.
dw ts-myq, S 12-myk ordinal ‘twelfth’: dw⌫ts-myq E28/7r8* (~ ⌫ rn⌫ ‘another’!); S 12-myk
O2497.5.
dw -wry⇠y adj. ‘consisting of a mixture of two (things)’: dw⌫-wry+y E26/3v15; pl. dw⌫-wry+yt
E26/3v16.
*dw wystmyq ordinal ‘twenty-second’: [dw⌫wys](tmyq)[ ~ d-⇡sryn w-tryn ‘id.’ E27/56r2.
°dw y noun ‘pair (of medicinal ingredients)’(?) E38A3.
dw ywx -qy f. ‘dissension, difference of opinion’ ~ plgwt⌫ ‘id.’ Jn9.16 E5/100r*.
dw -zng n adj. ‘double, twofold’ ~ ⇡pyp⌫ ‘id.’: obl. dw⌫-zng⌫ny E28/1r18.
dwbr (Syr.) ‘(ascetic) way of life’: dwbr⌫ E28/8r27; pl. dwbr✏t E28/118A5; dwḃr✏t E28/127A3.
*dw t- f. ‘daughter’ ~ brt⌫ ‘id.’: nom. sg. d[w t⌫] E27/26r8.

dwnbys GN ‘Danube’ E24c1.20.
dwr adj. ‘far, distant’ ~ r yq⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.28 E5/72v; E26/31v18; E27/23r30; E28/2av17*; ~ glz
p al pass. pt. ‘deprived’ E27/31r10. Phrase dwr wy q ‘a distant place’ ~ rw q⌫ ‘distance’ E27/
68v9. As adv. in phrase cn dw(r)[y] ‘from afar’ ~ mn rw q⌫ ‘from a distance’ E26/31v15.
With b-/qt- ‘to become far, be far’ ~ r q etpa al ‘id.’ E24c3.17; E27/104r11; ~ hpk etpa al
‘to turn, turn away’ E28/7v1; with swq- ‘to be far’ ~ r q etpa al E28/4v23; ~ r q ap el ‘to go
far (from), abandon’ E23.178, 179; with wn- ‘to make far, remove’ ~ d⇡k pa el or ap el ‘to
extinguish’ E27/57r17.
—Forms: dwr Lk24.28 E5/72v; E23.178, 179; E24c3.17; E26; E27; E28; E30/2r18, 3v5*,
5v12; obl. dwry E26/31v15, 15*; E31v11*.
dwr wy m. ‘distance, being far’: dwr⌫w-y E27/57v2 (~ m(t⌫lnwt⌫ ‘eschewal’); dwr⌫w✏ E27/
61v16*.
dwrt-, S ↵wrt- f. ‘peace, health, greeting’ ~ (lm⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; Ps29.11*, 34.15. Phrase dwrt ⇠br-
‘to give a greeting’ ~ (lm pa el ‘to salute, greet’ E28/9r10.
—Forms: nom.-acc. sg. dwrt⌫ E5; E26; E27; E28 [E28/12r13: mistake for rwrt⌫]; E30/1v12*;
E51A2*; gen. sg. dwrty⌫ Lk1.79 E5/6v; S acc. sg. wr[t⌫] Ps29.11*; wrth Ps 34.15.
*dwrtr compar. adj. ‘further’ ~ r yq⌫ ‘far’: dw(r)[tr] E27/94v11.
dwsy, d wsy m. ‘neighbour’ ~ (bb⌫ m./(bbt⌫ f. ‘id.’: nom. numv. dws⌫ E27/60r2; pl. d⌫wsyt
E23.106; dws✏t Lk1.65 E5/6r.
dwts: see dw⌫ts.
dwy: see dw⌫.
dwyd, S t wy↵, t w y↵(?) m. PN ‘David; (Psalm of) David’: dwyd Lk1.69 E5/6r; E27/60v21;
E28/23r6, 8, 10, 104A5; E29/2v3, 6 (MS dwyr!); obl. dwydy E27/52v15, 55v23; E28/23r12;
S t⌫wy Ps6.1, 29.0; DTS F20; t⌫w⌫y 20223r[m]*(?).
dwynt E23.254: mistake for dywnt.
dwyst num. ‘two hundred’ E24c1.82 (~ m⌫tyn ‘id.’); E43B2.
*dwysty⌫ywystmyq ordinal ‘two hundred and twenty-third’ ~ m⌫tyn w-⇡sryn w-tlt ‘two hundred
and twenty-three’: dwysty[(]y[wystmyq] E27/1r9.
dx⌫cyq noun or adj. of unclear meaning, perhaps ‘buried’ or ‘belonging to the wilderness’:
dx(cyq E28/19v16; obl. pl. dx(cyqty E36/2v12.
dx⌫t-, S ↵x⌫t- f. ‘desert, wilderness’ ~ mdbr⌫ ‘id.’ Jn1.23 E5/19r; Ps29.8 (x2); E24c1.78;
E26/31v1; E27/60r2; E28/65v14; ~ wrb⌫ ‘id.’ Mt24.26 E5/51r, Lk1.80 E5/6v; E28/4r26.
—Forms: acc. sg. dx(t⌫ E24c1.78; gen. sg. dx(ty⌫ E26/24r29, 31v1; loc. sg. dx(ty⌫ Mt24.26
E5/51r, Lk1.80 E5/6v, Jn1.23 E5/19r; E28/4r26, 65v14; E29/5v11; ydx(ty⌫ E27/60r2; S acc.
sg. x(t⌫ Ps29.8; loc. sg. x(ty⌫ Ps29.8.
dx⌫t cyq adj. ‘belonging to the desert’: pl. dx(t⌫cyqt E26/24r25 (≈ mdbr⌫ ‘desert’).
dx⌫tyq adj. ‘belonging to the desert’ ~ d-dbr⌫ ‘of the field, wild’ E27/83v2.
dybnw: see dw⌫.
dybzb qy adj. ‘double-tongued, duplicitous’ E26/1r4.
dybzb qy , dbzb qy f. ‘duplicity’: dbzb⌫qy⌫ E26/1r6; dybzb⌫qy⌫ E26/1r8.
dydm f. ‘diadem, crown’ E23.194 (~ klyl⌫ ‘crown’); E26/27r14; E28/16r17; E29/4v5.
*dylwm yq adj. ‘belonging to (the land) Dailam’: [dylw]m⌫(y)q E26/16r4*.
dylwmy (Syr.) ‘id.’, as title of John of Dailam E26/23r10 (dylwmy⌫), 14*, 15*.
d m, S ↵ym noun ‘face, eyes’ E27/12v12; S obl. ymy Ps5.6 (~ ⇡yn̈⌫ ‘eyes’).
dymnt, dymn⇠ prep. + dem., used as an obl. form of the dem. adj. ‘this, these’: dymnt E23.237
(~ hn⌫ ‘this’); dymn+ E24c3.45; E28/3r14* (~ hlyn ‘these’), 16r16, 24B27.
dymy⇠, dymyd prep. + dem., used as an obl. form of the dem. adj. and pron. ‘this’ ~ hn⌫/hd⌫
‘this’: Jn9.30 E5/101r*; E27; E26/27r16; E28/3v28; ~ -ḣ ‘it’ E26/30r14[m]; dymy+
[fcmpd](c)yq ‘of this world’ ~ d-tnn ‘of here’ E28/14v15f.
—Forms: dymyd E27; E28/3v28, 8r27, 14v1; d m✏+ Jn9.30 E5/101r*; dymy+ E23.225; E26;
E28/14v15, 22B6; ndymyd E27/31r10.
dyn f. ‘religion’ ~ d lt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/24r17*, 68v16, 69r13; ~ ywlpn⌫ ‘doctrine’ E27/1r24.—Cf.
dyny rwc.
—Forms: dyn E27; E29/6v21*; obl. dyny E27/68v16.
dynd r, S ↵yn↵ r m. ‘priest’ ~ khn⌫ ‘id.’ Mt20.18 E5/34v, Lk24.20 E5/72r, Jn1.19 E5/19r; Hymn
8; E24c3.1; E27; E36/2r7* (cf. Lk.1.5), 3r5* (cf. Mt.26.57); also ‘(Manichaean) Electus’
E26/3r5.—On the distinction between dynd⌫r and msydr see Brock–Sims-Williams 2011, 91.
—Forms: dynd⌫r E12/2v7; E24c3.1, 5; E27/55v30*, 57r1, 22; E28/19v19, 23r2; E36/2r7*;
obl. dynd⌫ry E26/3r5; E36/3r5*; pl. d✏nd⌫rt Mt20.18 E5/34v, Jn1.19 E5/19r; d-ynd⌫rt E27/
54r24; dynd⌫rt Lk24.20 E5/72r; E19r1*(?); E24c3.43, 58; E27/55r14, [68v22: restore
[msyd]rt]; dynd⌫t E29/5v15; obl. pl. dynd⌫rty E27/57r13, 104v10*; E29/2r6*; S pl. yn⌫rt
Hymn 8.
dynd ry f. ‘priesthood’ ~ khnwt⌫ ‘id.’ E24c3.7.
dyny rwc (name of the 24th day of the month): dyny rwcy obl. E43B6*.
dys / d⌫t-, dy⌫t-, dy⌫⇠- vb. ‘to build’: 3 pl. impf.(?) [dy]snt E26/12v20; 3 pl. opt. dysynt
E26/12v8; 3 pl. inj. dysnt E26/12v15; 3 sg. tr. pret. (d)✏[s]d⌫rt Mt21.33 E5/38r (~ bny p al
‘id.’); dy(t⌫t E24c3.32; dy(+⌫t E24c3.26; past inf. dyst E26/12v17*. Pres. pt. dysny ‘builder,
fashioner’: dysny E26/26r20 (~ gbwl⌫ ‘fashioner’); pl. d✏sn✏t Mt21.42 E5/38v (~ bny⌫
‘builder’). Pp. d⌫ty ‘built’ in passive d(ty qt- ‘to be built’ ~ bny etp el ‘id.’: d(ty E26/30v30;
d(t✏ E36/3v13 (cf. Jn.2.20?). —For an alternative pp. *d✏st see the compound n⌫-d✏st.
S ↵ys noun ‘place’(?), only in phrase myn pr ↵ys ‘to remain in place’ ~ ⇡mr p al ‘to dwell’
Ps5.12.
†dy(tyc E28/16r12: probably to be read d(tyc.
1
dyw m. ‘demon, devil’ ~ dyw⌫ ‘id.’ E23; E27; ~ (⌫d⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E28/5r12*, 12v1; ~ 2⇡lt⌫ ‘altar’
̈
E26/28r10; also in the phrase dyw(t) cytyt ‘spirits (and) devils’ ~ (⌫d⌫ ‘devils’ E26/25r25,
32v2.
—Forms: d-yw E27/39v2, 102r17; d✏w E27/40v10; d w E28/114B7*; dyw E23; E26/32v2;
E27/3v1, 40v18; E28/94A3*, 114A2; obl. d-ywy E27/94r28; dywy E27/102v22, 108v5; voc.
sg. dyw⌫ E23.270; pl. d-ywt E27/11v19, 40v10, 17; d✏wt E27/40v16; E28/52r[m]; d wt E28/
16v1; dywt E26/25r25; E28/11v2*, 18v19; E29/8r5*; wd✏wt E27/104r14; obl. pl. d✏wty E27/
40r6, 7, 8; E28/18v21; d-ywty E27/40r9, v7; dywty E26/28r10, 30v16; E27/102v28, 104r9*,
111r7; E28.
2
dyw prep. + 3rd pers. sg. pron., always with postp. prw, ‘with him, with it’ ~ ⇡mh, ⇡mḣ ‘id.’ E27.
dyw ⌫tync adj. ‘devilish’ E26/3r13.
*dyw-m nwq adj. ‘demon-like’: [dyw-m]⌫nwq E23.81 (so restored by Henning apud Gershe-
vitch 1946, 180) (≈ dm̈wt⌫ d-"⌫d⌫ ‘likenesses of demons’).
dywnt, dywn⇠ prep. + dem., used as an obl. form of the dem. adj. and pron. ‘that, those’ ~ ḣnwn
‘those’ Lk6.12 E5/91v; E26/30r14; E27/57r26; ~ h↵ ‘that’ E23.247; dywnt ⌫dyty ... qy/qyt ‘of
those people who’ ~ d-⌫ylyn (...) d- ‘of those who’ E27/104r10; E28/3r25f; dywnt ⌫ycty qt
‘those things which’ ~ ⌫ylyn ... d- ‘those (things) which’ E28/12v27.
—Forms: d wnt Lk6.12 E5/91v; dywnt E23.247, 254 (MS dwynt!); E26/1v5, 30r14;
E27/104r10; E28/3r25, v11, 12v27; E29/4v10; dywn+ E8v7; E24c1.96; ndywnt E27/51r25*,
57r26.
dywy⇠, dywyd, dywydy prep. + dem. adj. (i) ‘with that’ ~ ⇡m ... hẏ ‘id.’ E27/87r18*; ~ ⇡m ‘with’
E27/40v22; (ii) also used as an obl. form of the dem. adj. and pron. ‘that, those’ ~ h↵/hẏ
‘that’ Lk10.36 E5/91r; E26/24r23; E27; E28/7r23; ~ hlyn ‘these’ E27/27r12; dywy+ ... qwc⌫
‘that ... for which’ ~ ⌫yn⌫ d- ‘that ... (for) which’ E23.158.
—Forms: dywyd E25/1v10; E27; dywy+ E23.158; E26; E28; ndywyd E27/48v24, 57r20, v9;
nd w d Lk10.36 E5/91r; ydywyd E27.
dyx w, dyxw noun ‘village, town; field’ ~ qryt⌫ ‘id.’ Mt13.24 E5/109v*, Lk10.38 E5/91r*,
Lk24.28 E5/72v; E27.
—Forms: d x⌫w Lk24.28 E5/72v; dyx⌫w Lk10.38 E5/91r*; E24c3.54; E28/16r11; dyxw E27;
obl. d( )[x⌫wy] Mt13.24 E5/109v; dyxwy E27/87r18, 94v25.
dyz- f. ‘fortress’: acc. sg. dyz⌫ E24c3.27, 55; obl. dyz⌫ E26/15v8.
-f 2nd pers. pron., acc. sg. encl. ‘you’ ~ -k ‘id.’ (m.) E27/94v9; -f ... t⌫f⌫ ~ -ky ‘id.’ (f.) E27/
13r30.—Cf. fy.
—Forms: ⌫tf E28/48r29, 66v27, 114A6*; qtf E23A13; q✏tf E27/94v9; rtf E27/13r19, 27, 30.
f⌫cmrz: see fcmrz.
f⌫ny(: see *fny(-.
f⌫r⌫mnc: see fr⌫mnc.
f⌫(⌫m: see f(⌫m.
f⌫(qr: see f(qr-.
*f ⌫t ny, S p ⌫t ny adj. ‘straight’(?), only in phrase p ⌫(t ny )↵ r ‘to keep straight’ ~ tr) p al ‘to
direct, make straight’ Ps5.9.
f⌫tr: see ftyr-.
f⌫tyr: see ftyr, ftyr-.
f⌫x(ty: see *fx(ty-.
fcmbd, fcmpd, fcmd, S ⌦cmp↵ f. ‘world; the earth’ ~ ⇡lm⌫ ‘world’ NT+; ~ ⌫r⇡⌫ ‘the earth’
Ps24.1*; E26; E28/27v21; ~ tbyl ‘(habitable) world’ E28/2ar13*; ~ bryt⌫ ‘creation’ E26/5v7
(Sims-Williams 1995b, 295 n. 33), 29v4; ~ ⇡wmr⌫ ⌫n(y⌫ ‘human abode’ E27/61r25; in pl.
‘worlds’, but also (S ⌫⌘cmpt) ‘ages, aeons’ ~ ⇡lm̈⌫ ‘id.’ Hymn 5*; Creed 3*. Phrases: S ty
⌦cmp↵ ‘the whole world’ ~ kl ‘all, every(thing)’ Ps19.1; m wn fcmbd ‘the whole world’
E18v9 (~ kl ⌫n( ‘everyone’); E26/31r9 (~ dr̈y ⇡lm̈⌫ ‘all ages’, lit. ‘ages of aeons’); E27/31r1 (~
klh gw⌫ ‘all people’); E28/86B5*; cn fcmbd z mrts r ‘since the beginning of the world’ ~
mn ⇡lm ‘from eternity’ E26/26r21f*, v11f*.
—Forms: fcmbd Jn3.19 E5/23r, Jn16.21 E5/79r; 1Cor1.28 E6/12v*; E26; E27/48r14;
E29/1v1, 2, 3; fcmbpd(!) E26/25v21; fcmd E20v1*; fcmpd E5; E26; E28; E36/3v15; wfcmbd
E27/61r24; obl. fcmbd Lk16.8 E5/48r, Jn1.29 E5/19v; Gal4.3 E6/3v; fcmbdy E18r9, 11*,
v9; E26; E27; E31v9*; fcmpd Jn16.28 E5/79v, Jn16.33 E5/80r; fcmpdy E28; yfcmbdy
E27/40v5, 104r7*, 105v4; pl. fcmbdt E27/6v13; S ⌫⌘cmp Ps24.1*, 2, 19.1; pl. ⌫⌘cmpt Creed
4*; obl. pl. ⌫⌘cmpty Hymn 5*; Creed 3.
fcmbdcyq, fcmpdcyq, fcmdcyq, S ⌦c np↵cyk adj. ‘worldly, earthly; belonging to the world/
earth’ ~ d-⇡lm⌫ ‘of the world’ 1Cor1.27 E6/12v* (x2); E26/24v9*, 28r19, 31r31; E27/40r13; ~
d-tbyl ‘of the (habitable) world’ Ps33.8; ~ d-hn⌫ ⇡lm⌫ ‘of this world’ E26/24r20*; ~ ⇡lmy⌫
‘worldly (person)’ E28/8v17* (rest.!); ~ br ⇡lm⌫ ‘son of the world’ E27/104r12. Phrase s t
fcmbdcyqt mrtxmyt ‘all men on earth’ ~ ⌫r⇡⌫ ‘the earth’ E26/31r21f.
—Forms: fcmbdcyq 1Cor1.27 E6/12v*; E26; E27/54v18; [fc]mdcyq 1Cor1.27 E6/12v; pl.
fcmbdcyqt E26/31r22; E27/40r13; fcmpdcyq E28/14v1, 16*; obl. pl. (f)c(mb)[d]c(yq)[t](y)
E27/104r12; fcmpdcyqty E28/8v17*, 21B3*; S pl. ⌫⌘c⌫npc(yk)[t] Ps33.8.
fcmbdyq adj. ‘worldly, belonging to the world’ E26/28v29* (d-⇡lm⌫ ‘of the world’); E29/2r5.
fcmrz / fcm⌫t- vb. ‘to snatch, seize’ ~ *p p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. pres. *fcmrzt E25/1r20 (emendation
for Hansen’s frmrzt in a lost fragment); 3 sg. pres. dur. fc(m)[rztq] Mt13.19 E5/109r; 3 sg.
impf. f⌫cmrz E27/87v13; 3 pl. inj. fcmrznt E27/12r3*; pp. fcm(ty E28/3r4.
1
fn 2nd pers. pron., obl. pl. encl. ‘you, your’ ~ -kwn/-kyn ‘id.’ E26/28r18, 29r3 (⌫tfn), v6, 9 (–).
2
fn: see frn.
fn s noun ‘deception, error, illusion’: fn⌫s E24c2.22 (~ *w⇡yy ‘deception, error’); E26/2r16, 23v5
(~ *⇡ywt⌫ ‘id.’); E27/31v10 (~ *w⇡yy), 52r14*; E29/6r11; obl. fn⌫sy E27/52r15 (~ *w⇡yy?—see
BT XII, 99); E28/74v3.
fn⌫y(-: see fny(-.
fny⌫ / 1fny⌫t- vb. ‘to deceive, lead astray, seduce, entice’ ~ (dl pa el ‘to beguile, entice’
E27/69v17; ~ pys ap el ‘to persuade’ E23.187; ~ *⇡y ap el ‘to lead astray, seduce’ E23.263,
A7*. Passive fny(t✏ b- ~ (dl etpa al ‘to be enticed’ E27/69v21.
—Forms: 2 sg. pres. dur. fn✏(ysq E27/69v17; 3 sg. subj. fnyṧt E28/15r3; pres. inf. fny(y
E23.187; 2 sg. tr. pret. (f)[ny](()d⌫ry E23A7 (see BT XLV, 65). Pp. fny(t✏ E27/69v21; fny(ty
E23.263; pl. fny(tyt E29/4v16.
*fny⌫-, fn y⌫- / 2fny⌫t- vb. ‘to be deceived, err’: 3 pl. impf. f⌫[ny](()nt E27/24v6 (~ *⇡y p al ‘id.’);
2 sg. impv. fn⌫y(⌫ E27/7r28; fṇyš⌫ E28/16r21; 2 pl. itr. pret. fny(t(s)t⌫ E29/6v20.
*fr wdy adj. ‘uncovered’(?): pl. [f]r⌫ wd✏t E28/13B15.
fr q-c⌫ny, fr qcny, br qcny noun ‘morning’ ~ )pr⌫ ‘morning, dawn’: br⌫qcny E26/25v5; fr⌫qcny
E26/30r20; fr⌫q-c(n Lk10.35 E5/91r.
fr⌫qrnt: see frqrnt.
fr q⌫ m noun ‘morning’(?) E28/19v16.
*fr⌫qyr (MS fr⌫qyd!): see *frqyr.
fr⌫m⌫y, fr⌫my: see frm⌫y.
fr mnc, fr mc / fr mw t vb. ‘to doff, take off, divest oneself of’ ~ (l p al ‘id.’: 3 pl. pres.(?)
f(r)⌫mcn[t] E28/74v2 (–); 3 sg. impf. f⌫r⌫mnc E27/57v22 (cf. BT XII, 122); 3 pl. tr. pret.
fr⌫mw t-d⌫rnd E25/1v19; pp. [fr]⌫(mw )t(y) E28/99A29 (–).
*fr mty adj. ‘ripe’: [f]r⌫(m)ty E20v6; fr⌫m[ty] E26/5r31 (ed. fr⌫m[t]).
fr n noun ‘breath’ E28/25B2.
fr s noun ‘punishment’ E26/5r12.
fr wcqy, *fr wycq, frwycq, fr wcy, *fr wycy, frwycy noun ‘forgetfulness, oblivion’, only with
(q)wn-/qt- ‘to forget’ ~ *⇡y p al ‘id.’ E26/28r17, 94v14; E28/12v13.
—Forms: fr⌫wcqy E26/28r17; fr⌫wcy E26/16r16; [f]r⌫wycq E28/84B4; [f]r⌫wycy E28/52r30;
frwycq E28/12v13; frwycy E27/48v20f, 94v14.
fr⌫wz: see frwz-.
fr wz n̈ adj. ‘flying’ or m. noun ‘bird’ ~ pr t⌫ ‘flying creature, bird’ E26/29v4(?).—Cf. brwz⌫n✏.
fr n-, frğn- f. ‘manner, type’: pl. fr nt⌫ ~ zn̈y⌫ ‘types’ E28/3r26, 12r7, 93A5 (–). Otherwise only
in the phrases pr c wny fr n ‘in what manner?’ E28/20r18; pr c wnc fr n ‘id.’ ~ ⌫ykn⌫
‘how?’ E27/12v3*; pr cw fr n ‘in what manner?’ ~ ⌫ykn⌫ E24c1.14; ~ b-mn⌫ ‘by what?’ E26/
27r5; prymy⇠/d fr n /frğn ‘in this manner’ ~ hkn⌫ ‘thus’ NT+; ~ hkn ‘id.’ E28/8r5; ~ ⌫yk
hkn⌫ ‘id.’, lit. ‘like so’ E28/3v23; ~ hkwt ‘likewise’ Mt21.36 E5/38v; prywy⇠ fr n ‘in that
manner’ E26/31v12 (~ hkn⌫); E28/11v1, 37B29, 93A5.
—Forms: acc. sg. frğn⌫ E25/1r17; fr n⌫ E5; 1Cor11.24 E6/7v (x2), Gal4.3 E6/3v; E24c1.14;
E26; E27; E28; nom.-acc. pl. fr nt⌫ E28/3r26 (as abl.), 12r7 (as abl.), 93A5.
frqrnt vb. ‘to destroy’: 3 pl. impf. fr⌫qrntnt E27/87r13 (here the two verbs 2⌫y⌫m ‘to finish off’
and frqrnt together translate gmr pa el ‘to put an end to, destroy’).
*frqrnt qc f. ‘derision’(?): (f)[rq](r)nt⌫qc ~ Arabic istihzā⌫ ‘mockery’ E28/1v21.
frqynn adj. ‘negligent’ E27/60r3 (≈ mhmynwt⌫ ‘negligence’), 7 (~ hmy ap el act. pt. ‘neg-
ligent’).
frqyny f. ‘negligence’ E27/48v10.
frqyr vb. ‘to neglect, be indifferent to’: 3 sg. impf. fr⌫qyr (MS fr⌫qyd!) E26/2v15; 1 pl. opt.
frqyrym E28/17r17*.
frqyrn noun ‘negligence’ E28/22A3*, 72A4.
frm n, S ⌦rm n f. ‘order, command, commandment’ ~ pwqdn⌫ ‘id.’ 1Tim2.14 E6/18v* (rest.!);
Ps50.16*; E26/23v8, 11, 30v28; E27; E28/7r7*, 20r16 (cf. Jn13.34), 17 (cf. Jn15.12), 109v24
(cf. Jn13.34); ~ nmws⌫ ‘law’ E27/31v31; ~ gzr dyn⌫ ‘judgement, sentence’ E27/68v5; ~ mlt⌫,
pl. m̈l⌫ ‘word’ Ps50.17; E27/69v19.
—Forms: frm⌫n 1Tim2.14 E6/18v*; E25/1v13; E26; E27; E28; E29/3v3, 5r7; obl. frm⌫n✏ E28/
129A4; frm⌫ny E27/31v31; pl. frm⌫nt E28/13B5, 17r15*; obl. pl. frm⌫nty E27/7v27*, 61r28*;
E28/7r7*; S ⌘rm⌫n Ps50.17; obl. [⌘r]m⌫ny Ps50.16. Combined: frm⌫ns⌫ E28/62r4*.
frm n-d r noun ‘steward, guardian’ ~ ⌫p*rwp⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. frm⌫n-d⌫rt Gal4.2 E6/3v.
frm n-pt w⌫qy f. ‘servitude, subservience, slavery’ E27/108v8* (~ (w⇡bd⌫ ‘id.’); E28/23r13.
frm n-pt w⌫y, *frm n-pd w adj. ‘subordinate, serving, enslaved’, m. ‘servant’ ~ (⇡bd quad. =
⇡bd ⇥ap el pass. pt. ‘subject, dependent’ Gal4.3 E6/3v; E27/57r28. With *wn-/qt- ‘to make
enslaved’ ~ (⇡bd quad. = ⇡bd ⇥ap el ‘to enslave’ E27/13v19.
—Forms: frm⌫n-pd w(⌫ (for °"⌫?) E44/37v3; frm⌫n-pt w( Gal4.3 E6/3v; frm⌫n-pt w(-y E27/
13v19; frm⌫n-pt w(✏ E27/51r20*; f. frm⌫n-pt w(c E27/51r18; pl. frm⌫n-pt w(✏t E27/57r28.
frm⌫ns⌫ = frm⌫n + s⌫r.
frm y, frmy / frm t, S ⌦rm t vb. (i) ‘to order, command’ ~ pqd p al ‘id.’ Ps 33.9; E23;
E24c1.62; E26/27r24, 31v2; E27; E28/65v8; ~ pys ap el ‘to request’ E26/24v31; ~ (dr pa el
‘to send’ E23.174; (ii) ‘to say (authoritatively)’ ~ ⌫mr p al ‘to say, tell’ NT+. Passive frm⌫tw
*b-/qt- ~ pqd etp el ‘to be commanded’ E27/60v17. The impv. is used idiomatically in the
sense ‘please’ (introducing a polite request): E27/13v15*; E29/3v2.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. frm⌫yt E29/5v9, 6v7; 1 sg. pres. dur. frm⌫ỵ̇msq Mt21.31 E5/38r;
frm⌫ẏmsq E5; frm⌫ymsq E5; E23A28; frm⌫ẏmsqn Mt5.32 E5/28r*, Mt5.39 E5/28v*, Lk16.9
E5/48r; frm⌫ymsqn Jn16.7 E2/1v*; *frmymsqn E28/20v2 (MS frymsqn); 3 sg. pres. dur.
frm⌫ytsqn E26/31v20; frm✏tq E27/48r30*, 94v20, 29; 3 sg. fut. frm⌫ẏtq⌫ Mt25.34 E5/126r,
Mt25.41, 45 E5/126v; 3 sg. impf. fr⌫m⌫ẏ E5 [written frm⌫ẏ Mt10.16 intro E5/75r]; fr⌫m⌫
E36/3r14*; fr⌫m⌫y E5; E26/12v3; E27; fr⌫my E23; E28; 2 sg. opt. (or pres.?) frm⌫ÿ⌫ E26/13v4;
1 sg. subj. frm⌫yn E27/25v6; 2 sg. inj. frm-y E27/60v20 (see Sims-Williams 1996, 182 with n.
23); 2 sg. impv. frm⌫ẏ Lk10.40 E5/91v; frm⌫y E27/13v15*; E29/3v2, 4v15; 1 sg. tr. pret.
[frm⌫d⌫r]✏m Jn16.4 E2/1v* (x2); 2 sg. tr. pret. frm⌫d⌫r̈⌫ E26/24v31; 3 sg. tr. pret. frm⌫d⌫rt
Jn20.20 E5/76v; 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; E23; E26; E28/10r24, 20r16; E29; frm⌫d⌫t E24c1.29*, 33,
62; S 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌘rm⌫t⌫rtw Ps 33.9. Pres. pt. f. frm ync as noun ‘mistress (of a household)’
~ pqwdt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/13r30. Pp. frm ty ‘said, commanded’: frm⌫ty E26/1v23, 2r9*, 23v11;
E27/14v10; nom. sg. n. frm⌫t↵ E27/48v25; frm⌫tw E27/60v17; pl. frm⌫t✏t E27/51v22, 53v8;
E28/20v10*.
frn, fn noun ‘fortune, glory, majesty’: frn E23.189; fn E27/23r25 (~ gd⌫ ‘id.’).
frn-byrty adj. ‘having obtained glory, glorious’: f. frn-byrc E29/7r4.
frnxwnty adj. ‘fortunate’ E40r7.
fr(t-: see fry,.
frtr, S p̣rtr, *⌦rtr compar. adj. ‘better, more’ ~ ytyr ‘id.’ Mt10.24 E5/75v; E24c1.82 (MS
ftrtr!);9 E27/48r18; ~ ytr pa el pt. ‘id.’ Mt10.31 E5/76r*; E28/12r24, 14r3; ~ rgg p al pass. pt.
‘(more) desirable’ Ps19.11; ~ *b ‘better’ E27/120v2; E28/2ar13; E30/6v3 (see Nau 1920, 7,
line 9). Phrase frtr bwt ⌫t wny,tỵ ‘becomes better and improves’ ~ ytyr + tr) etpa al ‘to im-
prove still more’ E28/12r13.—On S (⌘rt)[r kwn-] ‘[to make] better’ as a translation of ⇡*y p al
‘to wipe out, cancel’ in Ps51.3 see BT XXXII, 50.
—Forms: frtr Mt10.24 E5/75v, Mt10.31 E5/76r*; E27/120v2; E28; E30/6v3; pl. frtrt E27/
48r18; S (⌘rt)[r] Ps51.3; p̣rtr Ps19.11.
frtr⇧ny f. ‘improvement’ E27/31v23 (≈ ytr pa el pt. ‘better, excellent’(?)).
frtry f. ‘improvement, benefit’ E26/24v10; E28/23v22.
fr⇠yp vb. ‘to shine, flash, lighten’: 3 sg. pres. fr+ypt Jn5.35 E5/41v (~ dlq p al ‘to shine’); E27/
54v25 (~ brq p al ‘to flash, lighten’).—Cf. ftyp?
frwm GN ‘Rome’: frwm E25/1r13 (~ rhwmy ‘id.’); E26/30r16 (~ id.); E30/1r2; obl. frwmy E30/
1v9.
frwm-c ny adj. ‘Roman’ E28/9r31.
frwmcyq adj. and noun ‘Roman’ (referring to persons): pl. frwm-cyqt E29/6v19; frwmcyq+
E24c1.57 (~ rhwmy⌫ ‘id.’).
frwmyq m. ‘Roman’ (referring to persons) ~ rhwmy⌫ ‘id.’: pl. frwmyqt E27/86r3; obl. pl.
frwmyqty E27/87r17*.
frwrt noun ‘corpse’: frwrt E24c1.87 (~ qbr⌫ ‘grave, tomb’!—see Sims-Williams apud Gershe-
vitch 1975, 211 n. 22); obl. frwrty E27/68v7 (~ (ld⌫ ‘corpse’).
frwrtqty, frwrt⇥t m. ‘tomb’ ~ byt qbwr⌫ ‘burial place’ Lk24.22, 24 E5/72r; ~ qbr⌫ ‘grave, tomb’
Jn5.28 E5/41r; E26/32v16* (rest.!); E27/57r17, 20; ~ byt m̈yt⌫ ‘the place of the dead’ E27/
57r10.
—Forms: frwrt⌅t⌫ E26/23r8*; frwrtqt✏ Lk24.22, 24 E5/72r; E27/57r17, 20; frwrtqty E24;
E26/32v16*; abl. sg. frwrtqt⌫ E27/57r5*, 10; E28/17r13; obl. frwrtqt✏ Jn5.28 E5/41r; obl. pl.
frwrtqt✏t[y] E27/53r8.
frwy noun ‘illusion’ E26/2r16.
frwycq, frwycy: see fr⌫wcqy.
frwz- vb. ‘to fly’ ~ pr p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. pres. frwzty E28/16v1 (–); 3 pl. #z-impf. frwz⌫znt E27/
39r4; 3 pl. impf. fr⌫wznt E28/19r12 (–); 2 pl. inj. frwz+⌫ E26/32v8.—Cf. brwz⌫n✏, fr⌫wz⌫n̈⌫.
frxwst[yt] E28/14r5: mistake for prxwst[yt], see prxw⌫y.
fry-, fryw, S pry- adj. ‘dear, beloved’ ~ byb⌫ ‘id.’ Col1.13 E32/2v; E27/3r2; ~ r m p al act. pt.
‘friend’ E26/24r33; E27/64v22*. E27 sometimes adds fry- before a word for a family member
9
The MS has ftrtr qty corresponding to Syr. ytyr syr ‘more (or) less’. The text is evidently corrupt, but the
emendation to *ftrty qty (Henning apud GMS §437 n. 6) removes any connection with the Syriac.
where the Syriac has no corresponding word, e.g. mn⌫ fry z⌫ty ‘my dear son’ ~ bry ‘my son’
̈
13r26; f(ry)t[ br⌫trty] ‘dear [brothers]’ ~ ⌫ḥy ‘my brothers’ 54v12. Phrases: fry- d r, S pry- ↵ r
‘to hold dear’ ~ r m p al ‘to love’ Lk16.13,10 14 E5/48v, Jn15.19 E5/73v; Ps11.7; E27/
68v27*; ~ bb ap el ‘id.’ E28/109v26 (cf. 1 Jn2.10); fry- ny t ‘to hold dear’ ~ r m p al ‘to
love’ Jn16.27 E5/79v (x2); ~ bb ap el ‘id.’ Jn17.24, 26 E5/83r; E27/104v12*(?); E28/
20r18*(?—cf. Jn15.12); fry- *pcx⌫-/pc t- ‘to hold dear’ ~ r m p al E27/68r5; fry- qwn- ‘to
love’ ~ r m p al E29/1r7 (cf. Lk10.27).
—Forms: fryw Col1.13 E32/2v; E27/68r5, v27*, 104v12; E28; E29/1r7; nom. sg. m. fry E26/
1r21; E27/13r26, 64v22*; nom. sg. m. as acc. sg./pl. fr E5; fry Jn16.27 E5/79v; E26/24r33;
E28/1v18, 66v25*, 68v8; nom. sg. f. fry⌫ E26/2r6; E27/3r2; acc. sg. f. fry⌫ E28/16r28, v7*,
11*, 69B13; abl. sg. m. fry⌫ 118B5; abl. sg. f. fry⌫ E26/2v19*; voc. sg. m. fry⌫ E27/7r24; pl.
fr✏t E28/11v12; fryt E27/12r28, 48r27, 54v12*; E28; frytt E28/17r24, v15, 24, 20r19*; S acc.
sg. m. as acc. pl. pryw Ps11.7.
*fry b wnqyn adj. ‘beautiful, comely’: [fry⌫b] wnqyn E29/3r4 (~ (pyr ‘id.’, Dan1.15).
fry m vb. ‘to finish, break (a fast)’: 2 sg. impv. fry⌫m E29/5r4.
*fry n-frytm superlative adj. ‘dearest of the dear, very dear’: [fry⌫](n)-(fr)ytm E26/2r6*.
fry wy, S pry wy, ⌦ry wy m. ‘love’ ~ r mt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57v2, 61v24; E28/1v11; ~ r̈ m⌫ ‘mercy’
Ps23.6. Phrase: S pry wy ↵ r ‘to have love’ ~ r m p al ‘to love’ Ps5.12.
—Forms: fry⌫w-y E27/57v2; fry⌫w E28/1v11; fry⌫wy E27/57v30*; E28; abl. sg. fry⌫w⌫ E27/
61v24; S ⌘ry⌫wy Ps23.6; pry⌫wy Ps5.12.
fry- r mqy f. ‘love of money’ ~ r mt ksp⌫ ‘id.’ E27.
—Forms: fry- r⌫mqy⌫ E27; E28/112B1*; obl. fry- r⌫mqy⌫- E27/104v3*, 10.
fry-mrtxmy, fryw-mrtxmy adj. ‘loving men’: fryw-mrtxmy E26/24v36 (~ r m bnÿn(⌫ ‘id.’);
voc. sg. m. fry-mrtxm⌫ E19v1.
frymsqn E28/20v2: mistake for frmymsqn, see frm⌫y.
frystr compar. adj. ‘most dear’, only in phrase frystr d r ‘to hold most dear’ ~ r m p al ‘to love’
Jn21.7 E5/80v*; E30/1r4f* (both passages referring to John as the disciple whom Jesus ‘held
most dear’, see BT XXXII, 130).
*fry⌫ / fry⌫t vb. ‘to send’. Only pp. fry⌫ty ‘sent’: [as m. noun ‘angel’, see next entry]; f.
(f)[ry](()tc E27/7v25 (≈ (dr etpa al ‘to be sent’).
fry⌫ty, bry⌫ty, S ⌦ry⌫ty m. ‘angel’ ~ ml⌫k⌫ ‘id.’ Lk2.13 E3r*; Mt16.27 E5/127r*, Mt25.31 E5/
125v, Lk24.23 E5/72r*; Ps34.8; E23.116, 166; E24c3.4; E26/27r16, 31r14, 32v2*; E27; E28;
~ kr̈wb⌫ ‘cherubim’ E26/23v20*; ~ sr̈p⌫ ‘seraphim’ E26/23v24, 24r2*.
—Forms: fry(t✏ E27/40r14; fr (ty E28/9r2*; fry(ty Lk2.13 E3r*; E23.116, 166; E24c3.4;
E26/12r15; E27/23v6, 40r18, 23; E28/8r13*, 9r1, 3; acc. sg. [fry(]tw E27/40v8; abl. sg. fry(t⌫
E27/40v22; nom. numv. fry(t⌫ E27/94r23; pl. ḅry(tyt E26/23v24; bry(tyt E26/24r1*(?), 2*,
v20, 27r16; fr✏(t✏t Mt25.31 E5/125v, Lk24.23 E5/72r*; fry(t✏t E27; E28/5v15, 17; fry(tyt
E24/11B3*; E26/3r19, 31r14, 32v2*; E27/40r17; E28; E34v11; obl. pl. bry(tyty E26/23v20*;
[fr]y(t✏t Mt16.27 E5/127r; fry(t✏ty E27/57r26, 60v24, 104r16; fry(tyty E8v5; E26/3r16;
E28; E33A3*; S pl. ⌘ry(tyt Ps34.8.
fryt t noun ‘love’ ~ wb⌫ ‘id.’ 1Tim2.15 E6/18v; Col1.8 E32/2r; E26; E27; E28.
—Forms: fryt⌫t 1Tim2.15 E6/18v; Col1.8 E32/2r; E24c1.1; E26; E27; E28; E30/1v13; obl.
fryt⌫-ty E27/61r18, v26; fryt⌫t✏ E27/61r30; fryt⌫t E28/36v5; fryt⌫ty E28.
10
Here the verb d⌫rt is not expressed but understood from the preceding phrase , (t d⌫rt.
frytm: see *fry⌫n-frytm.

frytr compar. adj. ‘preferable’ E27/48v14.
frywbt- past stem ‘to cast down’. Only pp. frywbty in passive f° b- ‘to be cast down’ ~ s p
etp el or etpa al ‘id.’: pl. frywbt✏t E28/8r16.
fryw-mrtxmy: see fry-mrtxmy.
fry-wrny adj. ‘loving faith’ E26/1r22.
fry⇡ / fr⌫t-, fr✓⌫t- vb. ‘to make straight or flat; to level; to extend’: 3 sg. subj. fr✏ẓ̌̇t Lk1.79 E5/6v
(~ tr) p al ‘to set straight’); 2 sg. impv. *fry, E30/4v4 (MS pry,!) (~ ‘level’, SA Ethiopic 6).
Pp. fr⌫ty, fr✓⌫ty ‘straight, upright; straightforward; extended, long’(?): fr (ty E26/15r28;
[fr](()ty E28/14v5 (~ (py⌫ ‘plain, simple, pure’); acc. sg. m. fr(tw E27/61r22 (~ id.); pl.
[fr(ty]t E27/52v10*.
fs c / fs t- vb. ‘to teach, train, accustom’: 3 sg. opt. fs⌫c✏ E28/1r7 (~ ⇡wd pa el ‘to accustom’); 2
sg. impv. fs⌫c E24c3.19 (~ rty ap el ‘to instruct’); pp. fs ty ‘trained, cultured’ E28/12r20 (~
rdy p al pass. pt. ‘id.’).
fs q m. ‘training, instruction, teaching; habit’: fs⌫q E27/31r2 (~ dwr(⌫ ‘training, instruction’), 14
(~ id.), 15 (~ mrdwt⌫ ‘instruction’); E28/1r16; pl. fs⌫qt E28/1r16 (~ dylyt⌫ ‘natural property’);
obl. pl. fs⌫qty E28/1r20 (~ ⇡yd⌫ ‘habit’).—Cf. also ]•fs⌫qy (compound?) E28/129B7.
fs t-: see fs⌫c.
fs tqy f. ‘training, instruction’ ~ dwr(⌫ ‘id.’ E28/14v16.
fstry, bstry m. ‘(spread) table, meal’ ~ ptwr⌫ ‘table’: bstry E26/31v6; fstry E23.123.
fstxwmp vb. ‘to ward off, repel’: 3 sg. pres. fstxwmpt E27/31r12 (~ d q p al ‘to chase out’); 3
sg. fut. fstxwmptq⌫ E27/23v6* (~ r q pa el ‘to put far away’).
*fswc / fsw t- vb. ‘to sacrifice’. Only pp. fsw ty in passive fsw ty b-/qt- ‘to be sacrificed’ ~ nks
etp el ‘id.’: fsw t 1Cor5.7 E6/7r; *fsw ty [MS psw ty] E28/9r31 (–); pl. fsw t✏t E27/68r5.
fsx noun ‘parasang’: f.ṩx Mt5.41 E5/28v (~ myl⌫ ‘mile’); fsx E26/8v7, 16v12.
fsxs- vb. ‘to become accustomed’: 3 sg. pres. (fsx)st E28/13A8.
fsym vb. ‘to be ashamed’: fsymd⌫rnt 3 pl. tr. pret. E29/3v19*.
f⌫ m / f⌫mt- vb. ‘to send; to send away, dismiss’ ~ (dr pa el ‘id.’ NT+; ~ (l p al ‘to send’
Jn5.36 E5/41v*; ~ (ry p al ‘to dismiss’ E24c1.70. Passive f(mty b-/qt- ‘to be sent’ ~ (dr
etpa al ‘id.’ Jn1.24 E5/19r; E27; E28/8r11; ~ (l etp el ‘id.’ E27/77v12.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. dur. f(⌫mmsqn Mt10.16 E5/75r, Jn20.21 E5/76v; 3 pl. pres. dur.
](f()[⌫mn](tq) E27/105v1; 1 sg. fut. f(⌫mnq⌫ E27/60v21; 3 sg. fut. f(⌫mtq⌫ E27/23v6; 1 sg. impf.
f⌫(⌫m[w] E27/26r17; 3 sg. impf. f⌫(⌫m E26/12r5, 15; E27/23v4, 55r27, 66r11; E28/23r18;
E30/1r9; 3 pl. opt. f[(⌫m]✏nt Mt21.34 E5/38r; 3 sg. subj. f(⌫mt E30/5r21; 2 sg. impv. f(⌫m
E28/93B5; 2 sg. tr. pret. f(⌫md⌫ry E23.252; f(md⌫r Jn17.25 E5/83r; f(md⌫ry E30/2r6*; 3 sg. tr.
pret. f(⌫md⌫rt E29/8v7; f(md⌫rt E5; Gal4.4 E6/3v; E27/52v16*; f(md⌫t E24c1.70; 3 pl. tr. pret.
f(md⌫rnt Jn1.19 E5/19r; 2 sg. opt. itr. pret. f(mt[⌫y] E30/5r19f(?). Pp. f⌫mty ‘sent’: f(mt✏
E27/1r13*; f(mty E27/68r20, 77v12; pl. f(mt✏t Jn1.24 E5/19r; E27/94r24; E28/8r11; f(mtyt
E27/77r11, 102v18*.
f⌫qr- / f⌫qrt, S ⌦⌫kr- vb. ‘to expel, chase out’ ~ d q p al ‘to chase out’ Ps5.11*. Passive f(qrty
b- ‘to be chased out’ ≈ rdp p al ‘to chase out’ E26/28r14. Phrase: f⌫qr- + bys ‘to chase out’ ~
npq ap el ‘to expel’ ± lbr ‘out’ Jn9.22 E5/100v, Jn9.34, 35 E5/101v.
—Forms: 3 pl. impf. f⌫(qrnt E27/Ev[m]; impf. f⌫(qr[ E26/43r1*; 3 pl. opt. f(qr✏nt Jn9.22 E5/
100v; 3 pl. tr. pret. f(qrd⌫rnt Jn9.34, 35 E5/101v*; pp. f(qrty E26/28r14; S 2 sg. impv. ⌘([kr⌫]
Ps5.11.
1
f⌫qwx noun ‘stumbling; stumbling-block’ E27/104r12 (qw f(qwx s⌫ pr⌫ny ‘to lead to a stum-
bling-block’ ~ k(l ap el ‘to cause to stumble’); E28/1v22.
2
f⌫qwx vb. ‘to stumble’: f(qwxy 2 (or 3) sg. opt. E30/6v5 (~ tql etp el ‘id.’, Nau 1920, 7, line 9).
f⌫my-⌫⇧ noun ‘coals, lampblack, soot’ ~ (w r̈⌫ ‘id.’ E27/69r27.
f⌫n- vb. ‘to tremble, cower’: 3 sg. fut. f(ntyq⌫ E27/69r21 (~ srd etpa al ‘to be terrorstruck’); 2
sg. impv. f(n⌫ E27/51v30*.—Cf. ⌫f(n⌫qc?
f⌫t- vb. ‘to thrust away’: 2 sg. impv. f(t⌫ E27/51v10*.
*f⌫y- / f⌫y t vb. ‘to suffer, endure’ ~ sbl p al ‘to bear, endure’: 3 pl. tr. pret. f(y⌫|d⌫rnt E28/12r7f.
f⌫yws, *f⌫y ws noun ‘owner, master, lord’: [f](()y⌫(ws) Mt21.33 E5/38r* (~ mr⌫ ‘id.’); pl. f(ywst
E26/1v5*.
ft r adv. ‘over, in excess’. Only in the phrases ft r pryc ‘to leave over’ ~ ytr ap el ‘to have more
than enough’ E27/94v29, 30; ft r *prxs-/pr t- ‘to be left over’ ≈ id. E26/31v5.
ft rmy adj. ‘superfluous’: pl. ft⌫rm✏t E27/51r29; E28/12v19 (~ ytyr⌫ ‘id.’); ft⌫rm-yt E27/51v2*;
ft⌫rm t E28/12v29.
f+ t-: see *f+ync.
1
ftm-, btm- adj. ‘former, first’. Only adv. ftmw (E28/13A3, 7, 8, 17v22*, 18v30 (ftmw()), btm
(E13v7*) or ftmy (E29/1r2, 7) ‘firstly, first, at first’ and abl. sg. m. ftm⌫ in the phrase cn ftm
as adv. ‘previously, beforehand’ ~ mn qdym ‘id.’ Lk1.2 E4 (ftm⌫); Jn9.13 E5/100r; Tit3.3 E6/
5r*; ≈ qdm pa el ‘to do (something) beforehand’ E27/57r31 (cn ftm⌫ wyd⌫rt ‘foresaw’ ~ qdm
z⌫ ‘id.’).
2
* ftm- / ftm t, f⇠m t vb. ‘to blow, breathe’ ~ np p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. tr. pret. ftm⌫d⌫rt Jn20.22 E5/76v;
ft(m)d⌫rt E23.149 (MS lost, reading not quite certain according to ed.). Pp. f+m⌫t✏ in passive
f° b- ‘to be insufflated’ ~ np etp el ‘id.’ E27/40r21.
ftmcyq, ftmycq ordinal ‘first’ ~ qdmy⌫ ‘id.’ E26/23v10*; E27.
—Forms: ftmcyq E16A7*; E26/23v10*; E27; E29/4r8; ftmycq E36/2r11.
ftmw( = ftmw (see 1ftm-) + -(.
*ftmzy n, S * prtmẓy n noun ‘first-born (child)’ ~ bwkr⌫ ‘id.’: S [⌫prt](m)ẓy⌫n Creed 2.
*ftntqy f. ‘fervour’: ftnt(q)[y⌫] E28/36v5.
ftnty adj. ‘fervent, ardent, enthusiastic’ in phrases ⌫xwd⌫wn ⌫t ftnty ‘assiduous and enthusiastic’ ~
p* p al pass. pt. ‘assiduous’ E28/12r28; ftnty wn- ‘to make fervent’ ~ rt ap el ‘to make ferv-
ent, inflame’ E28/8v10.
ftpy⇡ vb. ‘to force, compel’: 2 sg. pres. or opt. ftp✏,✏ E28/16v15; 3 sg. pres. dur. ftp✏,tq E27/
94v16 (~ ⌫l) p al ‘id.’).
ftr-, ftr⌫mnty: see ftyr-, ftyr⌫mnty.
ftry qy f. ‘excellence, excellency’, also used as an honorific title: E30/1v15*, 20.
ftrtr E24c1.82: mistake for frtr.
*f⇠ync / f⇠ t- vb. ‘to spread’: pp. f(+) t[y] E28/10r4 (~ (dy p al pass. pt. ‘cast, lying’ or prs p al
pass. pt. ‘spread’).
ftyp vb. ‘to shine’: 3 sg. tr. pret. ftypd⌫t E24c3.72.—Cf. fr+yp?11
ftyr vb. ‘to cause to pass over or away, take over, remove, set aside’ ~ ⇡br ap el ‘to cause to pass
away’ E27.
11
Although the two verbs are semantically close, it is in fact difficult to combine ftyp (from *fra-DAIP?) etymo-
logically with fr+yp (from *fra-DRAP?—see BT XXXV, 52).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ft✏rt E27/57r16; 3 sg. impf. f⌫tyr E27/87v12; 1 pl. opt. ftyrym E28/
20v13; 2 sg. irr. ftyrt⌫ E27/69r16; 2 sg. impv. ft✏r E21v6*; E27/51v29; ftyr E27/54r22.
ftyr-, ftr- / ftrt vb. ‘to pass over, pass away, pass by, cross, depart; to transgress (+ pr)’ ~ ⇡br p al
‘to pass away, pass by, cross’ E26/28v11*(?); E27/69v19, 105r4*(?); E28/7v8; ~ id. (+ ⇡l) ‘to
transgress’ 1Tim2.14 E6/18v*; E26/23v11*; ~ (ny pa el ‘to depart’ E27/94r18; ~ (kb p al ‘to
fall asleep, die’ E27/94r19.—Cf. *n⌫-ftyryny, *n⌫-ftyrcyq.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. dur. ftyrtysq E27/94r18; 3 sg. fut. ftrtyq⌫n E26/1r18; E28/24A21,
118B9*(?); ftyr|tyq⌫n E28/16r13f*; 3 pl. fut. ftrntq⌫n E28/11r7; 3 sg. impf. [f⌫](tr) E26/28v22;
f⌫tyr E27/68r16, 105r4*; 3 pl. impf. f⌫trnt E28/94A4; 3 sg. opt. ftry E28/7v8; 3 sg. subj. ftyr⌫t
E27/94r19; 3 sg. fut. inj.(?) ftyrq⌫ E27/69v19; 3 sg. itr. pret. ftrt 1Tim2.14 E6/18v*; 3 pl. itr.
pret. ftrtnt E26/28v11*. Pres. pt. ftryny ‘transitory’: ftryn✏ E28/33A10*; voc. sg. m. ftryn⌫
E28/17r2. Pp. ftrty E26/23v11*(?).
ftyr mnty, ftr mnty m. ‘passing’, always used euphemistically for ‘death’ ~ ⇡wndn⌫ ‘departure’
E27/39v3, 40r23; ~ mpqn⌫ ‘departure’ E27/60v11; E30/1v17* (see BT XXXII, 130 ad r1-8).
—Forms: ftr⌫mnty E30/1v17*; ftyr⌫mnt✏ E27/40r23, 60v11; acc. sg. ftyr⌫mntw E27/60r29;
abl. sg. ftyr⌫mnt⌫ E27/39v3.
ftyrcyq: see n⌫-ftyrcyq.
f⇠ys m. ‘vision, apparition’ E26/2r16; E27/64r22* (~ zw⌫ ‘id.’); E28/14r11.
̈
f⇠ s-w⇢ynn m. ‘seer of visions’ E27/60r5 (≈ zy p al + ḥzw⌫ ‘to see visions’).
fwx r, S ⌦xw r adj. ‘blessed, fortunate’ ~ *wbn⌫ ‘blessed’ E27/48r21, 65r30; ~ *wbtn⌫ ‘id.’
E27/57v5*; ~ µακάριος ‘id.’ Ps34.9; ~ qdy(⌫ ‘holy’ E28/9v3; ~ ⌫gwns*⌫ yltn⌫ ‘mighty cham-
pion’ E27/87r9. In blessings, fwx⌫r translates Syr. *ẅb⌫ ‘blessings (upon ...)’ and is construed
as if it were a noun ‘blessing’: Lk12.43 E5/130v; E28/9r29*. Phrase: fwx r dy/my⇠y ‘blessed
person’ ~ *wbn⌫ as noun ‘blessed (one), saint’ E26/30r15*; E27/68v23, 69v16; E28/5r27*,
7r4; ~ sb⌫ ‘old man’ E28/9r11*.
—Forms: fwx⌫r Lk12.43 E5/130v; E26 [also miswritten xwf⌫r, 25v3]; E27; E28 [also
miswritten fwx⌫, 119B2]; E30/4v17; wfwx⌫r E27/68v23; pl. fwx⌫rt E27/48r21; S ⌘xw⌫r Ps34.9.
fwx r wy m. ‘blessedness, blessing’: obl. pl. fwx⌫r⌫wyt✏ E28/13B17.
*fx⌫ty- vb. ‘to step forward’(?): f⌫x(tyw 1 sg. impf. E26/8r7.
fy 2nd pers. pron., acc. sg. encl. ‘you’ E26/42B7; fy ... t⌫f⌫ ~ lk ‘id.’ E23.267.—Cf. -f.
fy tr compar. adj. and adv. ‘more, further, greater; any more, again’ ~ ytyr ‘more’ Lk10.35
E5/91r; E24c1.67; E28/3r19; ~ ytyr⌫yt ‘all the more’ E27/39r13*, 94r26; ~ twb ‘again’ E27/
66r16; E28/9v27*. Phrases: c f fy tr ‘how much more’ ~ km⌫ ytyr⌫yt ‘id.’ E27/48r18; tym (...)
fy tr ‘yet more’ ~ mlwn ‘all the more, especially’ E27/40r9, 19f, v23; ~ ytyr E27/69v11.
fyq, byq m. ‘shoulder’ ~ ktp⌫ ‘id.’ E26/27v10*; E27/57r27, 29.
—Forms: byq E26/27v10*; fyq E26/12r19; E27/57r27; pl. f✏qt E27/57r29.
fyr / f rt vb. ‘to extend (a hand)’: 3 sg. #z-impf. fyr⌫z E27/39r3 (~ rmy p al ‘to lay (the hands
on)’); pp. f✏rty in passive f° b- ~ p(* etp el or etpa al ‘to be extended’ E27/57v8.
gbr yl, gbry yl (name of an angel) ‘Gabriel’: gbr⌫yl E27/60v15; gbry⌫yl E27/60v12.
*ghn (Syr.) ‘Gehenna’: [ghn]⌫ tm- ‘the hell [Gehenn]a’ ~ ghn⌫ E26/25r27.
glyl yq adj. ‘Galilean’ ~ glyly⌫ ‘id.’ E23.86.
gw (Syr.) ‘community’ E26/23r6.
gwkrn n GN ‘Gokarn#n’ E24c3.25.
gwrgn GN ‘Gurg#n’ E24c3.30.
gywrgys, S yw rks, yw r-k s m. PN ‘George’: gywrgys E8r1*; E23; obl. gywrgysy E26/12r20; S
yw⌫r-k⌫s DTS G5; yw⌫rks DTS G23.
⌫dwq: see ⌫+wq.
m noun ‘might’ E26/2r15, 19*; E27/60v19 (~ q*yr⌫ ‘force, compulsion’); E28/16v20 (x2).
mqyn adj. ‘rich’, noun ‘rich man’ ~ ⇡tyr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/60v27; E28/12r21; E30/4v15 (see Nau
1920, 4, line 19); ⌫mqyn b-/qt- ‘to become rich’ ~ ⇡tr p al ‘id.’ E27/61r18, 108r4; E28/12v8.
—Forms: ⌫mq-yn E27/51r28, 54r18; ⌫mq✏n E27/51v31*; E28/16v11, 30B2*; ⌫mqyn E26/
1v16; E28/12r21, v8; E30/4v15 (MS mqyn!); obl. ⌫mqyn✏ E27/51v30, 60v27; pl. ⌫mq-ynt
E27/61r18; ⌫mqynt E27/108r4.
mqyn- wn adv. ‘richly’ ~ ⇡tyr⌫yt ‘id.’ Tit3.6 E6/5v*.
⌫rn: see r⌫n.
ry m. ‘guardian, guard’ ~ n*wr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57r32*, 60v3.
—Forms: ⌫r-y E27/60v3; ⌫ry E26/29v6; obl. pl. ⌫ryty E26/12r18*; E27/57r32*.
S ⌫t⌫: see *ry( dt⌫.
⇠wq, dwq noun ‘throne’ ~ trnws/trwnws ‘id.’ Mt25.31 E5/125v; E26/23v19.
—Forms: ⌫dwq Mt25.31 E5/125v; ⌫+wq E26/12r7*, 22B1*, 23v19.
w, w, S w m./f. ‘bull, ox; cow’: w E27/91r8 (~ twr⌫ ‘bull, ox’); obl. ⌫wy E26/1r9; pl. wt
E27/105r3; S ⌫w Frg18.2, 5.
wrw n noun ‘butter’ E29/5r1.
b⇢d m. PN ‘Abd (al-Malik)’(?) E26/12r34*.
bt-: see fs-.
d- f. ‘wound, scourge, beating’ ~ m wt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/1v18, 69r24; E28/1v12, 13.
—Forms: nom.-acc. sg. d⌫ E26/5r3; E28/1v12, 13, 10r12*, 69B6; abl. sg. dy⌫ E27/1v18;
E28/69B3*; acc. pl. dt⌫ E27/69r24; gen.(?) pl. dty⌫ E27/53v5.
dbyc f. ‘bitch’(?) E26/6A5*.
d⇢n GN ‘Eden’: d-n E27/40v1; obl. d-ny E27/51v17.
* dn (Syr.) ‘(canonical) hour’: obl. pl. dn✏t E28/11v9; dnyty E28/98A2.
fs- / bt-, ft- vb. ‘to exert oneself, toil, labour’ ~ ⇡ml p al ‘id.’ E27/31v27, 48r27.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. dur. fstysq E27/48v23; 2 sg. impv. fs⌫ E27/31v27; 2 pl. impv. fst⌫
E27/48r27. Pp. bty, fty, also as m. noun ‘(one) who has laboured, ascetic’: bty E26/5r6;
E28/24B[m](?); ft✏ E27/54r20; obl. pl. btyty E28/25B9.
mbn: see mpn.
mqyn E30/4v15: mistake for ⌫mqyn.
mp vb. ‘to trouble, exercise’: 3 sg. pres. dur. mptq E27/51r1.
mpn, mbn, mpwn, S npn noun ‘exertion, effort, labour, trouble’, often referring to ascetic
labours ~ ⇡ml⌫ ‘id.’ E26/29r8*, 31v30; E27; E28/1r17, 5r18, 19. Phrase mpn + xwr- ‘to
perform labour’ E30/4r20f.
—Forms: mbn E26; mpn E26/2v26*, 45B2*; E27; E28; E30/4r21; obl. mpn E28/18v20;
mpny E27/31v18, 104v7*; E28/1r17; pl. mpnt E28/13B4*, 19v10*(?), 33A6*(?); mpwnt
E27/31v7; obl. pl. mpnt✏ E27/31v20; mpnty E27/31v29; E28/13B14*, 81r7; S npn
12600IIr5.
mpn-bry m. ‘one who has performed strenuous labours, ascetic’: [ mpn]-br-y E27/60r14 ([⌫yny
mpn]-br-y ‘this ascetic’ ~ hn⌫ d-⇡m̈lwhy ‘this (one) with labours’); mpn-bry E28/71B5.
mpnqyn adj. ‘strenuous, laborious’ ~ ⇡ml p al pass. pt. ‘laborious’: mpnq-yn E27/31v5;
mpnq✏n E28/8v25.
mpnq nstr compar. adj. ‘more laborious’ ~ ⇡ml p al pass. pt. ‘laborious’ E28/8v14.
mpwn: see mpn.
mwr GN ‘Gomorrah’ Mt10.15 E5/75r.
my- adj. ‘humble, humbled, disgraced, contemptible’: my nom. sg. m. E28/7v17 ( my- b- ‘to
be humbled’ ~ mkk etpa al ‘id.’); my nom. as acc. sg. m. E24c3.14 (Syriac unclear, see
Henning 1945, 481 n. 1); nom. sg. f. m(y)[⌫] E26/28v4 (~ (w* ettap al pt. ‘despised’); acc.
sg. f. my⌫ E27/94r27 ( my- wn- ‘to humble’ ~ mkk ap el ‘id.’).
my q f. ‘disgrace, abuse’ E26/24v32 (~ )⇡r⌫ ‘disgrace’); E28/23r7, 85v27.
my wy m. ‘humiliation’ ~ mwkk⌫ ‘id.’ E27/126r26.
n w vb. ‘to slumber’: 3 sg. pres. n⌫wt E28/16v8.
nd⌫q, nd⌫qry: see nt⌫q, nt⌫qry.
nqyn adj. and noun ‘victorious, champion’ ~ n)y ⌫ ‘illustrious, victorious’ E24c1.17; E27/
48r21, 68v11; ~ ⌫tly*⌫ ‘champion’ E24c2.13.
—Forms: nqyn E24c1.17, c2.13; E27/66v12*; pl. nq-ynt E27/48r21, 68v11.
nq ny f. ‘victoriousness, triumph’ E28/75r[m]*.
S npn: see mpn.
nt noun ‘stench, foulness’ ~ srywt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/126v29.
nt q, nd q, n✓tq, S nt k (i) adj. ‘bad, evil’ ~ by(⌫ ‘id.’ Jn3.19 E5/23r*; E25/1r14; E27/54r22,
68v24; E28/4v25; (ii) m./f. noun ‘evil’ ~ by(wt⌫ ‘id.’ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r, Tit3.3 E6/5r; E27/40r8; ~
by(t⌫ ‘id.’ Ps34.14, 15, 50.19*; E27/40r10, v10, 57v2; ~ by(wt⌫ or by(t⌫ E28/4v24. Phrases:
nt qt ⌫t/ yct ‘evil things’ ~ bÿ(t⌫ ‘evil (things)’ Jn5.29 E5/41r*; E28/3v26; nt q qty ‘evil-
doing’ ~ by(wt⌫ ‘evil’ E28/4v25; S nt k kwn- ‘to do evil’ ~ b⌫( ap el ‘id.’ Ps12.1; nt q
⌫m r ‘evil thought’ ~ mrnyt⌫ ‘care, thought’ E27/57r14.
—Forms: nd⌫q E25/1r14; nt⌫q E26; E27; E28; E29/5v6; E30/5r9*; E31r22; E48B4; nt(q)[
Tit3.3 E6/5r; obl. nt⌫q 1Cor5.8 E6/7r; nt⌫q✏ E28/18v22; nt⌫qy E27/40r10; E28/23r20; pl.
nt⌫qt Jn3.19 E5/23r*, Jn5.29 E5/41r*; E27/51r24*; E28; obl. pl. nt⌫qty E27/57r14; S nt⌫k
Ps12.1, 50.19*; obl. nt⌫ky Ps34.14, 15.
nt qry, nd qry, nt q-qry, S nt kry adj. and m. noun ‘evil-doing, wicked, sinful; evil-doer,
sinner’ ~ by(⌫ ‘bad’ Lk19.22 E5/125r; ~ r(y⇡⌫ ‘wicked’ Ps11.6*, 12.9; ~ r(y⇡⌫ by(⌫ ‘wicked
(and) evil’ E27/68r28; ~ *y⌫ ‘sinful’ E27/12r12*. The phrase nt qry ⌫mnw (and other spell-
ings) ‘the wicked Satan’ is a common term for the Devil, translating various Syriac terms:
⌫klqr)⌫ ‘the Accuser’ Mt25.41 E5/126v* (rest.!); by(⌫ ‘the Evil One’ Mt13.19 E5/109r*;
b⇡ldbb⌫ ‘the Enemy’ E23.260; E24c3.17f; cf. also nt qry s n ‘the wicked Enemy’ ~ b⇡ldbb⌫
E28/4r22.
—Forms: nd⌫qry E24c3.17; nt⌫q-qr✏ E27/54r26; nt⌫q-qry Mt25.41 E5/126v; nt⌫qr✏
Mt13.19 E5/109r*; E27/25v4; nt⌫qry E23.260; E26/3r4, v18*; E27; E28; voc. sg. m. nt⌫q-
qr⌫ Lk19.22 E5/125r; f. nt⌫qrc E27/12r12*; pl. nt⌫qr-yt E27/12r2*; nt⌫qr✏t E28/23r17, 20,
v5; nt⌫qr t E28/27r17; nt⌫qryt E27/69r25*; E28/23v11; voc. pl. nt⌫q-qr-yt✏ E27/68r28; S pl.
nt⌫kryt Ps11.6*, 12.9.
nt qy f. ‘evil’ ~ by(t⌫ ‘id.’ E28/14r5.
̈
ntm noun ‘wheat’: .ntm Lk16.7 E5/48r (~ ḥ*⌫ ‘id.’); ntm E26/5v5; obl. ntmy E27/52r10.
ny⌫: see by+ ny⌫.
r-, S r- m. ‘mountain’ ~ *wr⌫ ‘id.’ Mt17.1 E5/127v*, Lk1.65 E5/6r, Lk6.12 E5/91v; Ps24.3
(x2); E26/24r17; E29/1v9 (cf. Ex34.29).
—Forms: nom. sg. ry E26/2r19; nom. as acc. sg. r Mt17.1 E5/127v*, Lk1.65 E5/6r,
Lk6.12 E5/91v; ry E26/14r6*; E28/24A17 ( rys⌫r); E29/6v16; E30/1r12; nom. as abl. sg. ry
E29/1v9; acc. sg. rw E26/12v7*, 15; nom. pl. * rt⌫ E20v4 (MS rt⌫t); gen. pl. rty⌫ E29/
5v16; abl. pl. rty⌫ E26/24r17; S nom. as acc. sg. ry Ps24.3 (x2); 20227v13, 15; abl. sg. r⌫
20227r8*.
r m f. ‘possessions, wealth’ ~ qnyn⌫ ‘id.’: r⌫m⌫ Lk12.44 E5/130v; E26/25v12, 14; obl. r⌫my
E23.192; E28/4r26.—Cf. r⌫my. Ambiguous forms are listed under r⌫m⌫ f. ‘possessions’ or
r⌫my m. ‘money’ in accordance with the semantic distinction between the two lemmata
suggested by the less ambiguous forms.
—Forms: r⌫m⌫ Lk12.44 E5/130v; E26/25v12, 14; obl. r⌫m E28/24A18; r⌫my E23.192;
E28/4r26, 16r10*, 10, 24A20.
r⌫mqy⌫: see fry- r⌫mqy⌫.
r my m. ‘money, wealth’ ~ mmwn⌫ ‘mammon, money’ Lk16.9 E5/48r, Lk16.11, 13 E5/48v;
E27/55v28; ~ ⇡wtr⌫ ‘wealth’ E27/105v5; E28/12v9.—Cf. r⌫m⌫.
—Forms: r⌫m✏ Lk16.9 E5/48r (MS d⌫m✏!), Lk16.11, 13 E5/48v; E27/51v29; r⌫m-y E27/
51v30*; r⌫my E26/2r11*, 27*, 5r6*; E27/51r30, v23*; E28/12v9; n r⌫m✏ E27/51r9; acc. sg.
r⌫mw E27/51r3, v16; abl. sg. r⌫m⌫ E27/48v4, 55v28, 105v5.
r n, rn adj. ‘heavy, great, immense; honoured, honourable’ ~ yqyr⌫ ‘heavy; honourable’: r⌫n
Lk24.32 E5/72v*; E25/1r5; E26/28v9; E29/4v9 (–), 5r12 (–); pl. ⌫rnt (error?) E27/69r22.
r n wy m. ‘heaviness, weight’ ~ nwt⇡⌫ ‘weighing down of the scale’ E28/4v18. (For this mean-
ing of nwt⇡⌫, missing in SyrLex, see SyrDict, 334b.)
r ty f. ‘exaltation, glory’ E27/91v7 (~ rwmrm⌫ ‘id.’); E31v20* (MS r⌫(wty)⌫).
r⌫(wty)⌫ E31v20*: mistake for r⌫ty⌫.
r y vb. ‘to exalt’: 3 sg. pres. dur. r⌫ytq E28/93A8*; 2 pl. impv. r⌫yt⌫ E34v12.
S r⌘: see rf.
rb- / rb t, S r⌦- vb. ‘to know, be acquainted with, perceive’ ~ yd⇡ p al ‘id.’ NT+; ~ yd⇡ etp el
‘to be known’(!) E26/27r5; ~ km p al ‘to know’ E27/102v18, 111v5*; in E27/54v27 appar-
ently ~ byn etpa al ‘to perceive, understand’, but see s.v. py. Itr. pot. rb⌫t bwt ‘can be
known’ ~ yd⇡ etp el ‘to be known’ E27/61r26.—Cf. n⌫ rb⌫t.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. rb⌫m E24c3.12 (ed. rbm, read rb⌫m with Cat.); 2 sg. pres. rby
E28/25A7, 78A7*, 8*; 3 sg. pres. rbty E26/1v16, 2v4; E27/23v22, 102v18; E28/34A3*,
66r29; 2 pl. pres. rbt⌫ Rom6.3 E32/1r; 3 pl. pres. rbnt E28/11v4; rbn+ E24c1.92; 1 sg.
pres. dur. rb⌫msq Jn9.12 E5/100r*, Jn9.25 E5/101r*; E23.84; E24c1.48; E26/16v22*; E27;
E28/7r1; rb⌫msqn Jn9.25 E5/101r*; E27/87v2*; 2 sg. pres. dur. rb✏sq Jn16.30 E5/79v; E27/
87v15; rbysq E24c1.54; 3 sg. pres. dur. rbt sq Lk16.15 E5/48v; 1 pl. pres. dur. rbymsq
E24c1.90; Rom6.9 E32/1v*; rb msqn Jn16.30 E5/79v; rbymsqn Jn9.20, 21 E5/100v*,
Jn9.29 E5/101r (x2); 2 pl. pres. dur. rbt⌫sq E27/104v9*(?); rbt⌫sqn Mt24.32 E5/51v*, Jn1.26
E5/19r*, Jn9.30 E5/101v*; 3 pl. pres. dur. rbntq E27/66v1; 1 pl. fut. rbym-q⌫n E26/27r5; 2
pl. fut. rbt⌫q⌫ Lk24.39 E5/83r; 3 sg. impf. rb⌫ E26/3v9; 1 sg. impf. dur. rbwsqn E28/17r10;
2 sg. opt. rb✏ E27/57v28; rby E41.1*; 3 sg. opt. rb-y E27/55r30; 1 pl. opt. rb✏m E27/
54v27; rbym E24c1.84; E28/12v29*; 3 pl. opt. dur. rbyntq E26/16r9*, 10*; 3 sg. opt. mid.
rbyty E26/3v26; 3 sg. subj. rb⌫t E27/111v5*; E29/3r5; 3 pl. inj. rbnt E26/26v14; 2 sg.
impv. rb⌫ E23.202f (MS rb⌫q, read * rb⌫ *qt with Henning apud Gershevitch 1947, 182);
E28; 2 pl. impv. rbt⌫ Mt24.33 E5/51v*, Lk12.39 E5/130r; E23A15; E27/104r6; rb+⌫ E26/
30v24; pres. inf. pr rbw E27/31r25; 3 sg. pres. itr. pot. rb⌫t bwt E27/61r26; 1 sg. tr. pret.
rb⌫d⌫rm E27/87v16*(?); rbd⌫rm Lk16.4 E5/48r, Jn17.25 E5/83r; E28/10v27; 2 sg. tr. pret.
rbd⌫ry E28/9r24; 3 sg. tr. pret. rbd⌫rt Lk19.15 E5/125r, Jn17.25 E5/83r*; 1 pl. tr. pret.
[ rb⌫t]d⌫rym E25/1v9f*(?); rbd⌫rymn E26/31v26; 3 pl. tr. pret. rbd⌫rnt Jn17.25 E5/83r*;
E26/28v9*, 31r19; dur. pt. rb✏q Lk19.22 E5/125r, Jn1.31, 33 E5/19v; S 3 pl. pres. dur.
r⌘⌫ntskwn 20227v9*.
rb q adj. ‘wise, knowledgeable’ ~ kym⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.16 E5/75r, Lk12.42 E5/130v; 1Cor1.27
E6/12v; E27/31r11, v4, 102r25; E30/4r10* (see SA Syr. 12), 5r2* (see SA Syr. 29), 6 (see SA
Syr. 30). Phrase rb qt t ptbst t ‘the wise and sensible’ ~ qn̈yy md⇡⌫ w- kmt⌫ ‘(those) who
have acquired understanding and knowledge’ E27/31r17.—Cf. mnt rb⌫q.
—Forms: rb⌫q Lk12.42 E5/130v; [E23.202f, mistake for rb⌫ qt]; E26; E27/31r11, v4, 48v7;
E28/109r25; E30/4r8*, 5r2*, 6; obl. rb⌫qy E26/3v8*; E30/4r10*; pl. rb⌫qt Mt10.16 E5/75r;
E26/1v7; E27/31r17; E29/6v19; obl. pl. rb⌫qt 1Cor1.27 E6/12v; rb⌫qty E27/102r25; E28/
14v21; [S † r⌘⌫kty Ps34.9: read (yr⌫kty, see (yrqty].
rb q-str compar. adj. ‘wiser, wisest’ ~ kym⌫ ‘wise(r)’ Lk16.8 E5/48r; 1Cor1.25 E6/12r*;
E26/1v6 (–).
rb q- wn adv. ‘wisely’ ~ kym⌫yt ‘id.’ Lk16.8 E5/48r.
rb qy f. ‘wisdom, knowledge’ ~ kmt⌫ ‘id.’ 1Cor1.24 E6/12r; Col1.9 E32/2r*; E27/31r24,
61r21; E28/12v1, 14v16.—Cf. qbnq- rb⌫qy⌫, mnt rb⌫qy⌫.
—Forms: rb⌫qy⌫ 1Cor1.24 E6/12r; Col1.9 E32/2r*; E26; E27/31r24, 61r21; E28/11v19*(?),
12v1; obl. rb⌫qy⌫y E28/12r21, 14v16.
rb mnty m. ‘knowing’: abl. sg. rb⌫mnt⌫ E28/68v7.
* rb yq adj. ‘Arabian’: obl. [ ](r)b⌫yqy E28/13B5(?).
rb-yt: see xs- rby.
S r↵ f. ‘throat’ ~ ggrt⌫ ‘id.’ Ps5.10*.
rdmn: see *⌫rwx(n⌫ rdmn.
rf, S r⌦ adj. ‘much, many, abundant, great’ ~ sgy⌫⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps32.6; ~ swg⌫⌫ d- ‘abundance
of’ Lk6.17 E5/91v, Jn21.6 E5/80v; Ps5.8, 11, 51.3; E27/12v8; ~ sgy⌫wt ‘id.’ E28/12v20; ~
sbyswt ‘multitude of’ E28/12v23; ~ kl ‘all’ E27/40r4; E28/27r30; ~ km⌫ ‘some’ E27/31r16;
rft/ rf ⌫dyt ‘many people’ ~ sgÿ⌫⌫ ‘many (people)’ Lk1.1 E4; E27/23r5*, 104r14f*; E28/
2ar15, 3r10*; rft ⌫✏ct (and variants) ‘many things’ ~ sgÿ⌫t⌫ ‘many (things)’ Jn14.30 E2/1r*;
Lk10.41 E5/91v; E28/1v2; S r⌘ (⌫⌫)[ykwncyk myt] ‘many eternal days’ ~ nwgr⌫ d-ywm̈t⌫ ‘a
long period of days’ Ps23.6. Exceptionally, used as an adv. ‘very much, abundantly’ Ps51.4
(~ sgy ap el ‘id.’, intensifying a following verb).
—Forms: rf E5; E19r4*; E23.68, 192; E24; E26; E27; E28; E29/5v8, 6v17; E30/1v12, 2r16;
n[ ](rf) E27/104r14*; obl. rfy E27/7v26; pl. rft Jn14.30 E2/1r*; Lk1.1 E4; Mt21.36 E5/
38v, Lk10.41 E5/91v* ( r[f](t✏()t, cf. 1⌫yc); E26/16r12, v10, 28r35*; E28; S r⌘ Ps.
rf wy m. ‘abundance’ ~ sgy⌫wt⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12v23.
rf-znq n, rf-zng n, rf-zng ny adj. ‘manifold, of many kinds’: rf-zng⌫n E28/13B8; rf-
zng⌫ny E25/1v18; E26/6A6*, 45A2f; E28/17v17*; pl. rf-znq⌫nt E27/31v7 (~ sbys⌫ ‘continu-
ous, frequent’), 60r29.
rf-⇡ yny adj. ‘talkative, garrulous’ E28/66v22.
rf-⇡mnw-cyq adj. ‘long-lasting, protracted’ E26/31v29f (~ d-zbn⌫ hn⌫ ‘of the present time’!).
rm w⇢y m. ‘heat’ ~ mymwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31v28.—See Pirtea in BT XLV, 136-7.
ryq noun ‘mud, clay’ ~ *yn⌫ ‘id.’: r✏q Jn9.11*, 14 E5/100r; ryq Jn9.15 E5/100r.
ryqstn noun ‘quarry’ E26/12r17.
ryn vb. ‘to roar’ ~ nhm p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. pres. dur. ryntq E27/104r5.
rys⌫r = ry (see r-) + s⌫r.
ryw f. (i) ‘body’ E27/57r24 (~ gw(m⌫ ‘id.’), v7; E28/7r18 (~ gw(m⌫/pgr⌫ ‘id.’); E36/2v1, 3v14*;
(ii) ‘self, person, soul’ ~ np(⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; ~ qnwm⌫ ‘person, self’ E28/5r14; ~ yt⌫ ‘being, self’
E28/1v9; ~ pr)wp⌫ ‘face, person’ E24c2.10; ~ ÿ⌫ ‘life’ E27/7r30*(?), 13r28; ~ kyn⌫ ‘nature’
E27/61r19. Sogd. xyp⇠ ryw ‘yourself, ourselves, etc.’ can translate a Syr. personal suffix, if
this refers to the subject of the sentence: E23.251 (~ -k); E24c1.71 (~ -ḣ); E27/104v12 (~ -n);
E28/1r20 (~ -h); ryw is also used alone (without xyp+) as a reflexive pron., e.g. E26/28r7 (~
np(y ‘myself’), 30r17 (~ np(h ‘himself’); E27/13v15*, 87r15 (~ -hwn ‘them(selves)’); E29/
1v10, 3v4, 5r9. Note also the self-deprecatory expression [mn ]nyz wr ryw ‘[my] weak
self’ E27/27r29 (~ l(wty ‘id.’, lit. ‘my weakness’).
—Forms: r w E5; E28/7r12, 18; ryw E5; E23.251,19A2*; E24c1.71, c2.10; E25/1v15*;
E26; E27; E28; E29/1v10, 3v4, 5r15; E30; E33B3*; E36/3v14*; voc. sg. rywy E26/2v21*;
E28/5r26; obl. r w Lk24.27 E5/72v, Jn5.30 E5/41r; ryw Mt16.26 E5/127r, Jn9.21 E5/
100v; rywy Jn3.27 E5/23v*; E26/3r14, 16v13*; E27; E28; E29/5r9; E31v14; E36/2v1.
ryw-d rqy f. ‘self-control’ ~ n*wrt⌫ ‘guard, protection’: obl. ryw-d⌫rqy⌫y E28/1r17.
r wqy⌫: see pty+- r wqy⌫.
* sn- adj. ‘stinking’: [ ](s)n nom. sg.(?) E28/55B2(?).
(-: see 2 w(-.
⌫yp, y⌫yp noun ‘harm, injury, loss’ ~ swr n⌫ ‘fault, harm’ E27/94v7; ~ Arabic ‘losses’ E28/
1v20. Phrase (y)⌫yp (...) wn- ‘to make a loss; to cause harm’ ~ sr p al ‘to suffer loss, lose’
Mt16.26 E5/127r* (rest.!); E27/102v20; ~ sgp pa el ‘to injure, harm’ E28/12v23.—Cf.
* y(ypqyn.
—Forms: (✏p Mt16.26 E5/127r; (yp E27; ✏(✏p E28/1v20; y(yp E28/12v23, 114A8*.
⌫ypq ry adj. ‘harmful, injurious’ E26/2r31*.
w: see ⌫w.
w- vb. ‘to be necessary, be desirable’ ~ b⇡y etp el ‘to be required, be necessary’ E27/22r9,
94v20. The vb. w- can govern an immediately preceding pp. (E26/30r27, 31v26) or pres. inf.
(E27/104r8).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. wt E19v2*, 4*; E26/30r27; E28/11r12, 16v24, 65r15; E30/6r20; 3 sg.
pres. dur. wtqn E26/31v26; wtsq E27/22r9; 3 pl. pres. dur. wntq E27/66v10, 94v20; 3 sg.
fut. wtq⌫ E27/104r8*.
w⌫mn⌫fc, w⌫mn⌫fcy⌫, w⌫my: see w ⌫mn⌫fc, *w ⌫mn⌫fcy⌫, w ⌫my.
̈
w n, w✓n noun ‘fault, sin’ ~ ḥ*h⌫ ‘sins’ (pl., but often translated by a Sogdian form without pl.
ending) E5; E18v8*; E27/31v5, 29, 57v3; E28/5r21, 7r9, 17v4 (cf. Jn20.23); ~ *yt⌫ ‘sin,
sinning, sinfulness’ E27/48r14, 102r20; E28; ~ sklwt⌫ ‘offence’ E23.201; E24c2.18; ~ ẅb⌫
pl. ‘debts, sins’ E27/68r10. Phrase w n wn- ‘to commit sin’ ~ *y p al ‘to sin’ E28/1r5.—Cf.
1
pw- w⌫n.
—Forms: w⌫n Jn9.34 E5/101v; E23.201; E24c2.18; E26/1r8, v15, 42A6; E27/102r20; E28;
E29/5r12; obl. w⌫n E28/4r28; w⌫ny E18v8*; E27/48r14, 54r19; E28; pl. w⌫nt Jn20.23
E5/76v (x2, both corrected from wn-); E19r4, v2, 5, 6*; E27/68r10; E28; obl. pl. w⌫nty
Lk24.47 E5/83v*; E27; E28; wnt Lk1.77 E5/6v.
w ncyq adj. ‘necessary’, only with copula x-/m⌫t ‘to be necessary’ ~ b⇡y etp el ‘to be required,
be necessary’ E23.159; E26/25v13; ~ ( p al ‘id.’ E26/27r24*; E28/12r16.—Cf. n⌫- w⌫ncyq.
—Forms: w⌫ncyq E23.159; E26/25v13, 27r24*; E28; pl. w⌫ncyqt E26/13r3.
w ncyqy f. ‘what is necessary, necessity’ ~ ( t⌫ ‘id.’: w⌫ncyqy⌫ E28/12v28; obl. w⌫ncyqy-⌫

E27/57v3; [ ](w)⌫ncyqy⌫y E28/14v14.
w nqry, S w nkry adj. and m. noun ‘sinful, sinner’ ~ *y⌫ ‘id.’ E27/27r7, v26; with copula x-
‘to be a sinner’ Ps51.6 ~ *y p al ‘to sin’.
—Forms: w⌫nqry E26/5r1*, 14r5*, 23r16, 23; E27/27r7; E28/17v18, 99B28*; E30/1v22
(MS xwn-qry!); pl. w⌫n-qr✏t E27/54r20; w⌫nqryt E26/5r2; obl. pl. w⌫nqryty E27/27v26; S
w⌫nkry Ps51.6.
w n-w cy f. ‘remission of sins’ E29/7r1*.
wb / wbt-, wbd-, wḅ̇t, S w⌦ vb. ‘to praise, glorify’ ~ (b pa el ‘id.’ Lk16.8 E5/48r;
Rom11.13 E6/5v*; E27/94r14; E30/5r7 (see Nau 1920, 25, no. 63); ≈ t(bw t⌫ ‘glory’ E26/
31r17. Passive wbty b- ~ (b etpa al ‘to be glorified’ E27/94r26. Pp. wbty ‘glorious’ ~ (b
pa el pt. ‘id.’ E26/31r8; E27/48r12; ~ (b p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E26/23v24*; E27/48r19; E28/
10r22.—Cf. *w⌫- wbty.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. wbt E30/5r7; 1 sg. fut. [ w]bng⌫ Rom11.13 E6/5v; 3 sg. impf. wb
E27/94r14; 2 sg. impv. wb E26/3v14; 2 pl. impv. wbt⌫ E34v11; 3 sg. tr. pret. wbd⌫rt
Lk16.8 E5/48r; past inf. wbd⌫ E25/1v8* (for * ẅbd⌫?); wbty E26/42A4; S 3 sg. tr. pret.
w⌘⌫rt Ps30.1*. Fut. pt. wbcyq E26/31r17. Pp. wbty ‘praised, glorified, glorious’: wbt✏
E27/48v20, 94r26; wbty E24c3.44; E26/23v24*, 31r8; E28; E30/2v19; acc. sg. m. wbtw
E27/51r17; f. wbc E27/48r12; pl. w(ḅ̇)t(y)t E27/48r19.
wbtr compar. adj. ‘more glorious’ ~ (b p al pass. pt. ‘(more) glorious’: pl. wḅ̇trt E27/48r18;
wbtrt E28/14r2*, 7.
wbty , wbdy , S w⌦ty , w⌦ty kh, w⌦tyh f. ‘praise, glory’ ~ t(bw t⌫ ‘id.’ Lk2.14 E3r;
Mt16.27 E5/127r, Lk24.26 E5/72v; Rom6.4 E32/1r; Ps33.1*, 3; E26/23v28, 24r16*, 23; E27;
E28/1v11; ~ (wb ⌫ ‘id.’ Mt25.31 E5/125v (x2); Ps19.2*; E18v11; E26/28r20, v25*; E27; ~
(bÿ t⌫ ‘glories’ E28/4r18*, 12v8; ~ twdyt⌫ ‘thanksgiving’ Ps30.1; ~ ptgm⌫ ‘word, biblical text’
E27/23v25. Phrases: S w⌦ty ↵⌦r- ‘to give praise’ ~ (b pa el ‘to praise’ Ps5.12*; wbty +
ptwyd/ptwyst- ‘to offer praise’ ~ zmr pa el ‘to sing praises’ E23.176f; ~ slq ap el + t(bw t⌫
‘to raise (a hymn of) praise’ E26/24r21; ~ (b pa el E27/77v8*; E28/7v15, 10v13; ≈ t(bw t⌫
E26/24r23; E27/27v6.
—Forms: wbdy⌫ Rom6.4 E32/1r; E24c1.8; wbty⌫ Lk2.14 E3r, Lk2.20 E3v*; Mt16.27 E5/
127r, Mt25.31 E5/125v, Lk24.26 E5/72v; E8v6; E18v11; E20v10*; E23.176; E26; E27; E28;
E29/2v1, 6r22; E30/2r2*; E33; obl. wbt✏ Mt25.31 E5/125v; wbty-⌫ E27; wbty⌫ E28/11v4;
wbty⌫y E28/1v11, 16r16; E33A11; pl. wbt✏t E27/23v25, 55v23, 25; E28/4r18*, 18v20; obl.
pl. wbtyty E28/12v8; S w⌘ty⌫ Ps5.12*, 19.2*, 30.1; w⌘ty⌫kh Ps33.1*; w⌘tyh Ps33.3.
wcm⌫nqy⌫: see xwcm⌫nqy⌫.
wd f. ‘jug, pitcher’ ~ kdn⌫ ‘id.’ E26/32v33*, 34.—Cf. wdy.
wd⌫r, wd⌫t: see w⌫b.
wdy m. ‘jar’: wd✏ ~ mtr̈yn ‘(liquid) measures’ Lk16.6 E5/48r (x2); wdy ~ qwlt⌫ ‘jar’ E27/
94v21.—Cf. wd⌫. See also S wyck ‘jar, khum’ (Yoshida 2019a, 427 n. 21).
wmr- (Syr.) ‘habitation; (usually) monastery’ (see BT XLII, 240): wmr⌫ nom.-acc. sg. E26;
wmr⌫ nom.-acc. as gen. sg. E26/12v2, 33*, 16v1; wmry⌫ gen.-loc.-abl. sg. E26; E27/60r26*
(~ dyr⌫ ‘id.’); E28/65v11; wmrt⌫ nom.-acc. pl. E26/21B3*; wmrty⌫ abl. pl. E26/9r4*. (In
E28/98A3 read probably (x)wmr(⌫)[ rather than ( )wmr(⌫)[ as in Cat., see s.v. xwmr-.)
wn vb. ‘to increase’ (itr.): 3 sg. opt. wny E26/10r6. Pres. pt. wnny ‘increasing’: f. wnnc
E27/54r25.
wn: see w⌫n.

* wnc noun ‘colour’: ( )[wnc] ~ gwn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/83v3.
wncq noun ‘cup’ ~ ks⌫ ‘id.’ E27/69v13.
wnty adj. ‘necessary’, only with copula x- ‘to be necessary’ ~ b⇡y etp el ‘to be required, be
necessary’: wnt Lk10.42 E5/91v; wnty 1Cor12.21 E6/20v.
wny: see rb⌫q- wny, pcxwd- wny, wyd⌫s wny.
wr⌫ty: see w r⌫s.
* wrdq noun ‘pill’: [ ]wrdq E38A6.
wrdtq- f. ‘kidneys’ ~ ⇥wlyt⌫ ‘id.’: gen. sg. wrdtqy⌫ E27/102v30.
wrs adv. ‘around’, only in the phrases wrs c f c f or c f c f wrs ‘around’ E27/60v23 (≈ krk
etp el ‘to surround’); E28/65v7* (≈ glylt⌫ ‘a round, circumambulation’, see Sims-Williams
1994, 43); wrs ( w)[sty] ‘to place around’ ~ krk ap el ‘to surround’ E27/111r6(?); wrs
*prwy-/prwyt ‘to wrap around’ ~ dr ap el ‘to encompass’ Mt21.33 E5/38r.
wry adj. ‘triumphant, exultant, ecstatic’, only with b- ‘to be exultant etc.’ E27/60v24 (~ dw)
pa el ‘to jump for joy, exult’); E28/7v15 (~ rwz p al ‘to exult’), 14r12 (~ id.).
wry q f. ‘triumph, exultation’ ~ dy)⌫ ‘exultation’ E27/31v9.
w⌫, S w⌫ noun ‘ear’ ~ ⌫dn⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.27 E5/76r*, Lk1.44 E5/5r*; 1Cor12.16 E6/20r; Ps34.16.
Phrase w⌫y pt w⌫ ‘the hearing of the ear’ ~ m(m⇡t⌫ ‘(faculty of) hearing’ 1Cor12.17, 17*
E6/20v.
—Forms: w( 1Cor12.16 E6/20r; obl. w( 1Cor12.17 E6/20v; [ w(](y) ibid.; pl. w(t
Mt10.27 E5/76r*, Lk1.44 E5/5r*; E27/66r17*; S pl. w(t Ps34.16.
1,2
w(-: see 1,2w (-.
3
w⌫- / xw⌫ t vb. ‘to grow, grow up’ ~ rby p al ‘id.’ Lk1.80 E5/6v. Phrase xw⌫ t *b-/qt- ‘to
become grown up, become full-grown’ E27/54r27, 87v16 (~ rby etpa al ‘to grow up, become
strong’).—Cf. xw(⌫mnty.
—Forms: dur. pt. w(✏q Lk1.80 E5/6v; pp. xw(⌫t✏ E27/54r27, 87v16.
w⌫q⇢yn adj. ‘joyful’: pl. w(q-ynt E28/19v2.
w⌫ntyc noun ‘joy’ E29/5r13.
w⌫y adj. ‘joyful’: pl. w(yt E30/1r14*.
wt-: see w⌫b.
wty: see xwty.
S wẓ-n- noun ‘deer’ ~ ⌫ylt⌫ ‘hind’: S acc. pl. wẓ-nt⌫ acc. pl. Ps29.9.
w,: see 2xw,.
† y passim: read ZY.
yrtr compar. adv. ‘later’ in the phrases cywnt yrtr ‘thereafter’ E23.71; cywy⇠y yrtr ‘id.’ ~
mn hẏ (⇡t⌫ ‘from that hour’ E23.77; qbnw yrtr ‘a little later’ ~ btr qlyl ‘after a little (while)’
E28/7r14.
yrtrcyq compar. adj. or adv. ‘later’ E26/3r10.
y(yp: see (yp.
* ⌥⌫ypqyn adj. ‘harmful’, with x- ‘to be harmful’ ~ sgp pa el ‘to injure, harm’: pl.
((y)p|[qyn]t E28/14v8f.
S yz-⌫ykh: see *xy,yq.
zn- m. ‘treasure’: zny nom. sg. E26/2r11 (as acc.), 15.
zny f. ‘treasury’ E27/51r4 (~ symt⌫ ‘treasure’, Mt6.20?).
z⇠⌅q noun ‘spittle’ ~ rwq⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.25*.
⇡w- m. ‘hair’ ~ m̈n⌫ ‘(individual) hairs’: nom. sg.(?) ,wy Mt10.30 E5/76r*.12
hbyl m. PN ‘Abel’: hbyl E27/57v30; obl. hbyly E28/11v25.
hllwy (Syr.) ‘Hallelujah’ E33B9*.
hln f. PN ‘Helen’ E24c1.16.
h⇢rwds, *hrwdys m. PN ‘Herod’: h-rwds Mt2.1 E3v; [hrwdy]s E27/56v6.
hryw GN ‘Herat’ E24c3.31.
h⇤ly⇠ GN (unidentified) E26/12r4.
hykl (Syr.) ‘nave, church, sanctuary’ E26/16v1*, 11*, 14; E27/57r11.
cyc m. PN ‘%ajj#j’ E26/12r2.
kwrh m. PN (unidentified) E26/14r13.
lpy m. PN ‘Alphaeus’: obl. ⇠.lpy Lk6.15 E5/91v; [⇠lp](y)y E27/56v11(?).
s (Syr.) ‘God forbid!’ Rom6.2 E32/1r (accompanied by the Sogd. gloss n⌫bxt, q.v.).
†⇠ÿ⌫ E8v2: read qwpr|yn⌫ instead of †spr ⇠ÿ⌫.
* yl (Syr.) ‘host, army’: (⇠)y(l)[⌫] E28/9v2.
* zqy , S xẓ- ky m. PN ‘Hezekiah’ 29.0*, 33.0*.
zyrn (Syr. name of a month) ‘%zir#n’ E26/5v3, 19.
q⌫: future suffix, see under the preceding word.
⌅⌫: see 1qy.
S k⌫y(: see *qd(.
1
q m, q✓m, S k m vb. ‘to want, wish, desire’ ~ )by p al ‘id.’ NT+; ~ b⇡y p al ‘to seek, desire’
Jn5.30 E5/41r; E26/25r3, 31r6; E27; E28; ~ (b etpa al ‘to intend’ E27/87v7; ~ nw ap el
pass. pt. ‘to be pleased’ E27/39r9; ~ rhb ap el ‘to make haste’ E27/68v2*; ~ )wm p al ‘to
fast’(!) E27/61v21 (see BT XII, 133); + pr ‘to delight in’ E27/57v29 (~ )by p al + b- ‘id.’?—
see BT XII, 123; cf. also q⌫mnty below). In a few passages where q⌫m has no equivalent in the
Syr. text, one may suspect that it means ‘to be about to’ (without implying volition on the part
of the subject), e.g. Jn16.21 E5/79r; E26/25v5; E27/83r1*; E28/8r14.
—Forms: 2 sg. pres. q⌫m✏ E28/18v29; q⌫my E26/25r3; 3 sg. pres. q⌫mt E26/24v10; E27/1v22*
(see Sims-Williams 1996, 178-9 n. 17), 57v29, 94v6, 22*, 102r27; E28/3v20, 4v18; 3 pl. pres.
q⌫mnt E27/61v21; E28/26A2(?); 1 sg. pres. dur. q⌫mmsq Jn5.30 E5/41r; E26/7v8; E28/62v7;
q⌫mmsqn E30/5v3*; 2 sg. pres. dur. q⌫mysq E27/13r16*, 51v29, 57v28; E28/7r2*; E29/8r9*;
3 sg. pres. dur. q⌫mtq E27/104r5, Tr4*; q⌫mtqn E28/20r23*; 2 pl. pres. dur. q⌫mt⌫sqn Jn9.27
E5/101r* (x2); E28/10v19; *q⌫mt⌫sq E27/12r11 (MS q⌫t⌫sq!); q⌫mtsq E27/12r11, 68v2*; 3 pl.
fut. q⌫mntq⌫ E27/40v15; 3 sg. #z-impf. q⌫m⌫z E27/39r9, 94r23; 3 pl. #z-impf. q⌫m⌫znt E27/
60v14, 87v7; 3 sg. impf. q⌫m E27/60r21, 83r1*, 94r26; 3 pl. impf. q⌫mnt E28/23r3; 2 sg. opt.
q⌫m✏ Mt17.4 E5/127v* (or pres.?); q⌫my E41.1*; 3 sg. opt. q⌫m✏ Jn16.21 E5/79r; 3 pl. opt.
q⌫m✏nt E28/23r15; 3 sg. opt. mid. dur. q⌫m✏tq E28/8r14 (mistake for 3 pl. opt. dur. q⌫m✏ntq?);
3 sg. subj. q⌫ṃ̇t Mt5.40 E5/28v*, Mt16.24 E5/127r*; E28/3r17; q⌫ṁt E28/13A9*, 13; 1 sg. tr.
pret. q⌫md⌫rm E27/104r9; 3 sg. tr. pret. q⌫md⌫rt 1Cor12.18 E6/20v; E26/25v1, 31r6; E28/9r21;
2 pl. tr. pret. q⌫md⌫r (t⌫ Jn5.35 E5/41v; 3 pl. tr. pret. q⌫m[d⌫rnt] Lk1.1 E4; q⌫md⌫rnt E26/25v5;
q⌫md⌫rn+ E24c1.21; qmd⌫rnt Lk19.27 E5/125v; S 3 sg. impf. k⌫m Frg18.4.
2
q m noun ‘wish, desire’ [E8v3: read 1ry, with Cat.]; E26/7v7*(?).—Cf. *n⌫-q⌫m.
q mnty adj. ‘delighting in, rejoicing in’ (+ pr) ~ dy p al act. pt. (+ b-) ‘id.’ E26/25v16.
q⌫n: future suffix, see under the preceding word.
12
On this passage and the underlying Syriac see Sims-Williams 2016, 67-8.
k⇢ ny m. PN ‘Kenay’ E26/14v11, 14, 15r7, 10*.

q ny f. ‘prattling’(?) E27/126v26 (ed. q⌫•[, read q⌫(n)[y⌫] ~ lwglg⌫ ‘id.’?); E28/16v7.—Cf. Mani-
chaean Sogd. q⌫ny⌫ ‘stupidity’, Henning 1937, 84 (overlooked in BT XLII, 227).
q rp⇠ noun ‘way, path, track’ ~ (byl⌫ ‘id.’: q⌫rp+ E27/11v25*; E28/14v3; pl. q⌫rp+t E27/11r21,
52v10 (cf. Isaiah 40.3); obl. pl. q⌫rp+ty E28/14r5.
q⌫ry, S k⌫ry: see qt⌫nyq⌫ry, *xwycq-q⌫r✏.
S k⌫s: see gywrgys.
k⌫syt: see ks⌫.
q t adj. and m. noun ‘dumb, deaf-mute’ E23.139; E27/51r23.
q⌫t⌫sq E27/12r11: mistake for q⌫mt⌫sq, see 1q⌫m.
q xw⌫ ty m. ‘vomit’ ~ tywb⌫ ‘id.’: acc. sg. q⌫xw(⌫tw E27/102r21.
q yn m. PN ‘Cain’: q⌫✏n E28/20v19*; q⌫yn E27/57v17, 29; obl. q⌫✏ny E36/3v5.
q z t E26/14v15. Unidentified word, perhaps a Sogd. pl. to Persian k# az ‘paper’?
*qb r GN (a city in Parthia): [qb]⌫r⌫ E27/56v10.
qbn- adj. ‘little, short, few’: nom. sg. m. qbny E26/5r19*, v14, 15r28*; E29/5v9 (as acc.?); acc.
sg. m. qbnw E26/1r6; E28/65v12 (case?); nom. pl. qbnt⌫ E28/1r2, 8v16* (~ dlyl⌫ ‘rare, few’),
16v13, 14, 17. Adverb qbnw ‘a little’ ~ qlyl ‘id.’ E27/48r27*; E28/118A4 (–); also in the
phrases qbnw qbnw ‘little by little’ E27/31v11f (~ qlyl qlyl ‘id.’); qbnw yrtr ‘a little later’
~ btr qlyl ‘after a little (while)’ E28/7r14.
qbnq (i) adj. ‘little, few’ E28/16v16, 24B18 (–); ~ z⇡wr⌫ ‘id.’ E26/31v2; ~ qlyl ‘few’ E27/87v6*;
(ii) as noun ‘a little (thing)’ E28/3v10* (–); ~ qlyl ‘id.’ Lk16.10 E5/48v (x2), Lk19.17 E5/
125r; (iii) as adv. ‘somewhat, a little (bit), for a little while’ E28/11r22 (–); ~ qlyl ‘id.’
Jn16.19 E5/78v, Jn16.19 E5/79r; E24c2.15; E27/60r3; ~ d-(⇡t⌫ ‘for a while’ Jn5.35 E5/41v.
qbnq- rb qy f. ‘unwisdom’ ~ (*ywt⌫ ‘folly, madness’ 1Cor1.25 E6/12r.
qc⌫: see 2wn-.
qd-: see qn+.
1
qd , 1qt , S k↵ interrog. and rel. adv. and conj. (i) ‘when? when’ ~ ⌫mty ‘id.’ Mt25.38 E5/126r*,
Mt25.44 E5/126v, Lk12.36 E5/130r; Ps6.4; E27/48v20 (–); (ii) ‘if, whether’: E26/1v3, 3v21,
24v11 (qd⌫ db⌫t ‘if perchance’ ~ ⌫n ‘if’), 25v8 (~ ⌫lw ‘if’), 12 (~ ⌫n ‘if’); E27/12r11 (~ id.),
13r22 (~ id.), 25 (~ id.), v24 (~ ⌫lw).—Cf. qdb⌫t, 1qt.
—Forms: qd⌫ E5; E26; E27; qt⌫ E27/13v24; S k⌫ Ps6.4.
2
qd , 2qt conj. (i) ‘or’ ~ ⌫w ‘id.’ NT+; ~ w- ‘and’ E27/11r18, 13v28 (2nd qt⌫), 17v1; repeated qd⌫
... qd⌫ ... ‘either ... or ...’ ~ ⌫w ... ⌫w ... ‘id.’ Lk16.13 E5/48v; E28/3r18; cf. also E28/5r11f*,
where one may restore *qd⌫ ... qd⌫ ... ‘whether ... or ...’ ~ ⌫n ... ⌫n ... ‘id.’; (ii) ‘than’ ~ ⌫w ‘id.’
Mt10.15 E5/75r (calque on Syr. ⌫w, itself probably a calque on Gk. ἤ ‘or; than’).
—Forms: qd⌫ Mt6.31 E1/2v (x3); E5; 1Tim2.9 E6/18r; E23.46 (see Cat.); E24c1.75, 82; E26/
3v20, 6B2, 32r1; E28; E38A7 (x2); qt⌫ E27. Combined: [qd](⌫)cn E28/5r12.
qd c adv. ‘ever’ E26/28r6 (~ mn mtwm ‘id.’); E28/115B1, 109r30*(?), 119A2*. Usually with
neg. ‘never’ Mt21.42 E5/38v (~ mmtwm + l⌫ ‘id.’), Jn5.37 E5/41v* (~ id.); E26/2r22*, 3r24,
27r17 (~ id.); E28/18v27; E29/5r2.
qd⌫cn = 2qd⌫ + cn.
qd m, qd my interrog. and rel. adj. and pron. ‘which? which’ ~ ⌫yn⌫/⌫yd⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.73; E27/
13r17; E28/7r2, 12r24; ~ mn⌫ ‘what?’ E27/13v22; ~ mwn ‘id.’ E27/61r28.
—Forms: qd⌫m E24c1.73; E36/2r11, 3r4*; qd⌫m✏ E27/13r17, v22; qd⌫my E28/7r2, 12r24,
20r17; pl. qd⌫m✏t E27/61r28.
qd m-z yy adv. ‘in which position? where?’ E41.2.

qdb t conj. ‘if perchance’ E26/5r21* (emendation for Hansen’s qd (•r)t in a lost fragment), 23,
26, v1, 3, 4 (~ ⌫n ‘if’), 6, 9 (Hansen qd b⌫d), 11 (~ id.), 6A2; E29/4v23, 5r18*, 21, v5, 8v3 (~
id.).—Cf. 1qt, 1qd⌫, db⌫t.
qdn-qry: see qt⌫nyq⌫ry.
S kry: see q(y.
*qd⌫, S k ↵y⌫ GN ‘Kadesh’: obl. k⌫y(y Ps29.8.
qdw: see 2qt-.
qdym: see knwn qdym, +(ry qdym.
qdy⌫ (Syr.) ‘Qaddi(, Holy!’ E27/57r29.
qf- vb. ‘to split’ (itr.): qfnt 3 pl. impf. E26/31r26 (qfnt ptyry(tnt ‘split (and) broke’ ~ )ry etpa al
‘to be torn asunder’), 28 (mistake for 3 sg.) (~ sdq etp el ‘to be torn’).
qf⌫- n. ‘shoe, footwear’ ~ s⌫wn⌫ ‘id.’: nom. sg. qf( E27/94r9.
S klwk: see ⌫yl klwk.
qly⇠ (Syr.) ‘cell’: ql y+⌫ E26/14v3*; qly+⌫ E28/24B17, 65v12, 66r24*; obl. qly+⌫- E27/60r23;
⌅ly+⌫ E27/Br30; qly+⌫ E28/129B5; qly+⌫y E28/1v1 (~ (ly⌫ ‘quiet, tranquillity’), 16, 19, 4r19,
8v27 (~ id.), 16r27, 18r30 (MS qyl+⌫y), 69B8, 85v26.
qm: see 1q⌫m.
qm f. ‘neck, throat’ ~ )wr⌫ ‘id.’: obl. qm⌫[y] E28/10r12.
*qmly⇧n GN (a city in India): [q](m)ly↵n E27/56v9 (~ qlymwn).
qmp f. ‘stratagem, ruse, means, way’: qmp E26/8v4; E27/23r8; E28/11v9; obl. qmpy E28/18r23;
pl. qmpt E27/31r25 (~ pwr̈s⌫ w-)n̈⇡t⌫ ‘stratagems and contrivances’); E28/11v5, 112B5, 7*.
qmpwny, qmpwn f. ‘deficiency, lessening’: qmpwn E28/12v21 (~ b)yrwt⌫ ‘id.’); qmpwny E26/
3r26.
qmpy adj. and adv. ‘less’ E26/23r3, v27, 25v2*; E27/94v19* (≈ wsrn⌫ ‘lack’); E28/73r5, v1; in
a numeral expression [dw⌫ ]qmpy ctfrs ‘forty less [two]’ ~ tltyn w-tmny⌫ ‘thirty-eight’ E26/
27v22.
qmy f.(?) (unknown word): obl.(?) qmy⌫y E28/103r3.
qn- vb. ‘to dig, dig out, uproot’: 3 sg. pres. qnty E28/8v9 (~ ⇡qr p al ‘to uproot’); 3 sg. opt. qny
E28/8v7 (~ 1str p al ‘to destroy’); 2 sg. impv. qn⌫ E27/54r26; 2 pl. impv.(?) qnt⌫ E28/91B2; 3
sg. tr. pret. qnd⌫rt Mt21.33 E5/38r (~ pr p al ‘to dig’).
*qn mnty m. ‘digging out, rejection’ ~ stwry⌫ ‘destruction’ E28/8v20f*.
qncq noun ‘child’ ~ *ly⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. qncqty E27/126v26.
qncy m. ‘young man, youth’ ~ ⇡lym⌫ ‘id.’: obl. qncyy E28/10r25.
qncystr compar. adj. ‘younger’ ~ *l⌫, *ly⌫ ‘young, younger’ E27/87v1*.
*qndyl (Syr.) ‘candle’: pl. qndyl✏t E27/60r30.
kn n yq noun ‘Canaanite’: pl. kn n⌫yqt E28/17v9*.
⇥nn or ⇥tn GN ‘Cana’ E27/56v12* (see Sims-Williams 1995a, 294, correcting the interpret-
ation [z](y) ⌅(nt)⌫ ‘graves’ in BT XII, 108).
qnt noun ‘kin, family’ E30/4v3.
qn⇠, q⇠, kn⇠, k⇠, q⇠-, qd- f. ‘town, city’ ~ mdynt⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.15 E5/75r, Mt10.23 E5/75v (x2);
E24c1.22; E26; E27; E28/9v15; E29/8v7; ~ krk⌫ ‘fortified town’ Lk19.17, 19 E5/125r; E27/
69r29, 77v11; ~ qryt⌫, pl. qwr̈y⌫ ‘village, town’ E27/1v10, 11r23*; E28/10r21, 25; ~ ⌫tr⌫ ‘place,
region’ E28/9v31.
—Forms: kn+ Mt10.23 E5/75v; E26; qn+ E29/5r15, 6v17; k+ Mt10.15 E5/75r, Mt10.23
E5/75v; E28/9v15, 10r21, 25 (k+s⌫), 27, 16r11; E30/1r3*, v1; E36/1r6, 10; E53A2*; q+
E24c1.16; E27; E28/24B22, 36r9; q+ q[+] E29/8v7; obl. kn+y E26; k+y E28/10v4; E30/1v19;
q+y E27; E28/9v31; pl. k+t Mt10.23 E5/75v, Lk19.17, 19 E5/125r; q+t E26/2r17; acc. pl. qdt⌫
E24c1.22; q+t⌫ E27/1v10, 11r23*.
qn⇠cyq, kn⇠cyq, k⇠cyq adj. ‘belonging to the city’: kn+cyq E26/26v18 (~ d-mdynt⌫ ‘of the
city’); k+cyq E30/1v2; pl. qn+cyqt E29/4v19.
qnty: see qn-, z⌫y-qnty.
qnw: see qnwn⌫.
qnw⌫ncy⌫: see qrnw⌫ncy⌫.
qnwn (Syr.) (i) ‘canon, rule’ E27/54-55; (ii) a liturgical technical term for the end of a prayer
when the voice is raised: E12/2r11 (abbreviated qnw).
knwn ry (Syr. name of a month) ‘Latter K#non’ E27/55r17, 69r23.
knwn qdym (Syr. name of a month) ‘Former K#non’ E26/5r22, v33; E42B3*.
qnz GN ‘Ganz#gh’ E27/25v8.
qp- m. ‘fish’: nom. as acc. sg. qpy E29/5r1; nom. as abl. sg. qpy Jn21.6 E5/80v (~ nwn⌫ ‘id.’).
qpc- f. ‘bushel’ ~ s⌫t⌫ ‘id.’: abl. sg. qpcy⌫ E28/4v28.
qpwtyc, qpwtync, qwpwtyc, qwpwdyc noun ‘dove’ ~ ywn⌫ ‘id.’: qpwtync E36/1r8 (cf.
Gen8.11); qwpwtyc Jn1.32 E5/19v; obl. qpwtycy E27/53r5 (cf. Lk3.22); pl. qwpwdyct
Mt10.16 E5/75r.
qr⌫: see nt⌫qry.
qr⌫n: see byqp⌫r-qr⌫n.
qrd wy m. (unknown word) E28/77r23.
qrqy⌫: see nm⌫nyqrqy⌫.
qrm noun ‘karma, evil deeds’ E26/3r14.
qrm-: see qyrm-.
qrn adj. ‘deaf’ ~ r(⌫ ‘deaf, dumb’ E23.139.
*qrn f. ‘corner, angle’ ~ zwyt⌫ ‘id.’: obl. qr(n) Mt21.42 E5/38v.
qrnw ncy , qnw ncy f. ‘skill’ ~ ⌫wmnwt⌫ ‘id.’: qnw⌫ncy⌫ E27/31r23, 24; qrnw⌫ncy⌫ E36/2r11*
(–).
qrnwy adj. ‘skilled, skilful, adept’: qrnwy E28/25A3; pl. qrnw✏t E28/25A2; obl. pl. qrnw✏t
E28/25A10.
qr(n, S kr(n, qr(n⌫w: see q(n, q(n⌫w.
qr⌫ng[ noun ‘crab-...’(?) (as a medicinal ingredient?) E39.1*.
qrtr noun ‘rank, order, host’: obl. (q)rt(r)y E28/14v13 (~ tgm⌫ ‘rank, order’); pl. qrtrt E26/31r14
(qrtrt ⌫nt⌫(t ‘orders (and) hosts’ ~ tgm̈⌫ ‘orders (of angels)’); obl. pl. qrtrty E33A4* (~ ÿlwt⌫
‘hosts’, cf. Lk2.13).—See BT XLV, 85, and rf-krtr ‘of many kinds, numerous’, DMT III/2,
88b. The interpretation of qrtr as an adj. ‘mighty’ (thus BT XXXII, 97; XXXV, 157) is no
longer tenable.
*krwb (Syr.) ‘cherub’: pl. krwbyt E26/31r14.
qrwn: see 2wn-.
qrwn mnty m. ‘making, performance, action, practice’: qrwn⌫mnt✏ E27/94r28 (p⌫c ny q° ‘mak-
ing answer’ ~ pwny ptgm⌫ ‘returning answer’); acc. sg. qrwn⌫mnt↵ E27/51v23f*, 61r27 (~
(wmly⌫ ‘accomplishment’); abl. sg. qrwn⌫mnt⌫ E27/31r18 (~ pwl n⌫ ‘practice’).
qrw⌫ vb. ‘to draw, describe’: 3 sg. pres. qrw(t E27/57r25 (~ )wr p al ‘id.’); 1 sg. subj. qrw(n
E27/104r9 (~ r(m p al ‘id.’); 2 sg. impv. qrw( E28/118B3; pres. inf.(?) qrw( E35A9; pres. pt.
qrw(n-y as m. noun ‘artist, illustrator’ E27/57r24 (~ )wr p al act. pt. ‘id.’).
qrx noun ‘paralysis, madness’ ~ (nywt⌫ ‘madness’ E26/28v30*.
qrxny tqy f. ‘madness’ ~ kwrhn⌫ ‘illness’: obl. qrxny⌫tqy⌫- E27/13r15.—See BT XXXV, 153.
qry: see nt⌫qry, w⌫nqry, qry⌫, qt⌫nyq⌫ry, nm⌫n✏-qr-y, pd⌫tqry, ptxwng-qry, (yr⌫qty⌫-qry.
qry f. ‘succession, order, rank’: qry⌫ E26/15r11*, 27v5; E28/4v26 (~ sdr⌫ ‘id.’); obl. qry E10/
2A2.—Cf. my+qry.
qryn , *qry n (Syr.) ‘(scripture) reading, lesson, lection, text’ ~ qryn⌫ ‘id.’: qryn⌫ E26/1r18* (–);
E27/31v17; E28/14v6, 11*; obl. qry⌫|ny E28/12r19f (in phrase qry⌫|ny 2ptfs- ‘reading of a text’
~ qryn⌫).
qryny: see pc⌫w⌫-qr✏ny, prm⌫nty⌫-qryny, w⌫wry-qryny, wrcwny-qr✏ny.
qr⇡wrz, q⇡wrz, q⇡ wrz, q⇡ t wrz, qr⇡ ZY wrz, *q⇡ ZY wrz noun ‘miracle (and) wonder’: qr,
ZY wrz E20v9; q, ⌫t wrz E24c3.70; q, w[rz] E23Br1 (see Cat.); *q, wrz E25/1v18 (emend-
ation for Hansen’s qz wrz in a lost fragment) (~ tdmwrt⌫ ‘marvel’); q,wrz E28/49r27*, 62v2*,
77v19*; [q, ZY] wrz E29/4r1f; pl. qr,wrzt Jn9.16 E5/100r (~ ⌫t⌫ ‘sign’).
ks , *k s (Syr.) ‘cup, chalice’: ks⌫ E27/57r19 (~ ks⌫ ‘id.’); pl. k⌫syt E26/13r2.
qsqnty: see qtsqnty.
q⌫- / q⌫t- vb. ‘to sow’ ~ zr⇡ p al ‘id.’ Lk19.21, 22 E5/125r; E27/52r9 (cf. Mt13.25). Passive q(ty
b- ~ zr⇡ etp el ‘to be sown’ E28/4r21f.
—Forms: 2 sg. opt. q(-y E27/52r9; 2 sg. impv. q(⌫ E26/1v12; 1 sg. tr. pret. q(d⌫rm Lk19.22
E5/125r; 2 sg. tr. pret. q(d⌫ry Lk19.21 E5/125r; pp. q(ty E28/4r21.
q⌫n, qr⌫n, S kr⌫n noun ‘shape, form, likeness; (beautiful) appearance’ ~ (wpr⌫ ‘beauty’
E24c2.10; E28/27v29. Following another noun, q(r)(n(y) may be translated ‘like, as it were’;
in all known cases (E25/1v19; E26/24r14, 25r24, 27r9, v3*, 30v30) it seems to be an addition
by the translator, with no equivalent in the Syriac. Cf. also the phrase w nc nw ... q(r)⌫ny, S
w nc nw ... kr⌫ny ‘like’ (lit. ‘as in the likeness of’) ~ ⌫yk ‘as, like’ Ps5.10*, 13; E23.165f;
E26/24r32, 28v7f*.
—Forms: qr(n E26/2r22, 25r24, 27r9; q(n E24c2.10; E26/24r14; E28/16r13, 27v29; obl.
qr(ny E26/24r32; E29/4r11; q(ny E23.166; E25/1v19; E26/27v3*, 28v8, 30v30; S obl. kr(ny
Ps5.10*, 13.
q⌫n w, qr⌫n w adj. ‘beautiful’: q(n⌫w E27/87v4* (~ (pyr⌫ ‘id.’); pl. qr(n⌫wt Mt6.30 E1/2v.
q⌫n wstr, q⌫nwstr compar. adj. ‘more beautiful’: q(n⌫wstr E28/27r30 (~ (by + ytyr ‘id.’);
q(nwstr E27/12v11 (≈ (wpr⌫ ‘beauty’).
q⌫tr- compar. adj. ‘younger; lesser, least’ ~ z⇡wr⌫ ‘id.’ Mt25.40 E5/126v, Mt25.45 E5/127r*;
E27/87v11*; E30/1r6 (see BT XXXII, 129); ~ *l⌫, *ly⌫ ‘young, younger’ E27/87v18*.
—Forms: nom. (as acc.?) sg. m. q(try E30/1r6*; acc. sg. m. q(trw E27/87v11*, 18*; nom.-
acc. as abl. pl. q(trt⌫ Mt25.40 E5/126v, Mt25.45 E5/127r*.
q⌫y, q⇠ry, q⇠r̈ , q⇠y, ⇥⇠ , S k↵ry adv. ‘now’ ~ h(⌫ ‘id.’ E5; E23; E26/25v25, 27v36; E27;
E28/10v27; ~ hkyl ‘now, then’ Rom6.8 E32/1v; ~ mkyl ‘now, henceforth’ Ps12.6; E26/27r3*,
22, 32v8; ~ d-(⇡t⌫ ‘at (this) moment, now’ E27/69v15; ~ ywmn⌫ ‘today’ E23.212; ~ ⌫l⌫ ‘but’(!)
E27/12r1. Often combined with the near-synonyms 1n⌫y ‘behold; now’, ny( ‘id.’, nwqr ‘now,
then’: n⌫y q+ry ny( ~ h⌫ ‘behold; now’ E26/23v28, 24r13; ny( q+ry/q+r̈⌫ ~ h⌫ E26/25r22,
30r26f; nwqr q(-y ~ mkyl E27/60v16; n⌫y q(y nwqr E28/9r22*; ny( q(y E26/24v30.
—Forms: q(-y E27; q(✏ E27/69v9*; q(y E5; E23.201, 251; E26/3v11*, 24v30; E28; E29; ⌅+⌫
E26/31v27; q+r̈⌫ Rom6.8 E32/1v; E26/27r3*, 22, 30r27; q+ry E26; E27; E28/10v1, 27, 30;
E29/2r6; E35B4*; q+y E23; S kry Ps12.6.
q⌫y f. ‘sowing’ E27/52v18.
1
qt conj.13 ‘if, whether’ ~ ⌫n ‘id.’ NT+; ~ d-⌫n ‘that if, whether’ Jn9.22 E5/100v; E27/22v4, 39v5,
68r9, 94r19;14 ~ ⌫lw ‘if’ E28/10r16; ~ kd ‘when’ E27/69v21; ~ dlm⌫ (introducing a question)
E26/25r3; with neg. ‘if ... not’ ~ ⌫l⌫ ‘id.’ Lk13.3 E5/34r, Jn14.11 E5/78r*. Phrase yw r qt ‘but’
~ ⌫l⌫ ⌫n ‘id.’ E27/31r19 (literalism).—Cf. 1qd⌫, qdb⌫t.
—Forms: qt Mt6.23 E1/2r; E5; E6; Rom6.8 E32/1v; E23.140; E24c1.52; E26; E27; E28;
E29/8r9; E30/4v1*, 15, 18. Combined: ⌫tqt E28/2av10*, 3r16, v1, 13A6; qtpr E28/10r16; qtty
E26/1v4.
2
qt, S kt conj. ‘that, so that, in that, for, because’, often introducing direct or indirect speech ~ d-
‘id.’ NT+; Ps; Hymn 5, 6, 8;15 ~ w- ‘and’ E27/40v15, 56r19*, 87r11; E28/9r9. Sometimes qt +
finite verb translates Syr. l- + inf., e.g. E24c1.78, 84; E26/30r24; E27/108r4*.—Cf. 2qy, 2qyt,
w⌫nqt.
—Forms: qt passim; S kt passim. Combined: ⌫tqt E28; qtcn E26/28v10; E28/7r5, 8v17; qtf
E23.A13; qt n E28/11v7; qtms E26/23v27; qtmy E26/16v9; qtpr E28/1r8, 5r30, 11v4; qt(
E23.222 (MS qty(!), 347; qt( E28/13A2*; qt(n E24c1.31; E26/3r20, 31r18; qt(y E24c2.7;
qtxw E26/24v18; S kt(w Frg18.4.
3
qt rel. pron. ‘who, which’ ~ d- ‘id.’ Jn16.5 E2/1v*; E3; Lk1.1 E4 (2nd qt), Lk1.2 E4 (x2); E5;
E6; E28; E33A7 (–); ~ Ø E24c1.8(?); E33A7.—Cf. 1qy, 1qyt.
q+, k+: see qn+.
1
qt-, q+-, S kt-: see b-, 2wn-.
2
qt- m., qdw n.(?) ‘roof’ ~ ⌫gr⌫ ‘id.’: qty nom. as acc. sg. E26/2v24* (–); E36/3v10 (–); obl. qdwy
E23.113, 122 (–), 171; acc. pl. [qt](t⌫) Mt10.27 E5/76r.
1,2
qt⌫: see 1,2qd⌫.
3
qt⌫: see b-, 2wn-.
⌅+⌫: see q(y.
qt⌫bwt, qt⌫byntqn: see b-.
q⇠ m m. ‘wall, city-wall’: q+⌫m E26/30v30 (~ (wr⌫ ‘id.’); E27/22v13 (~ (wr⌫ ⇡(yn⌫ ‘mighty wall’),
23r4 (~ id.); E28/4v24 (~ (wr⌫); pl. q+⌫mt E28/36r10.
qt ny, q⇠ ny, S kt ny, kt n(?), * krt ny noun ‘sin’ ~ *yt⌫ ‘sin, sinning, sinfulness’ Jn1.29
E5/19v; Rom6.6 E32/1v*; Ps6.1; ~ *ḧ⌫ ‘sins’ (pl., but always translated by a Sogdian form
without pl. ending) Col1.14 E32/2v; Ps32.5, 51.5; E26; ≈ *ÿ⌫ ‘sinners’ E26/31v11. Phrase S
k(t)[ ny *kwn-/kt-] ‘to commit sin’ ~ *y p al ‘to sin’ Ps51.1-2.
—Forms: qt⌫n Jn1.29 E5/19v; qt⌫ny E26; E28/79B4; q+⌫ny Rom6.6 E32/1v*, Col1.14 E32/
2v; S *⌫krt⌫ny (MS ⌫krt⌫y!) Ps6.1; kt⌫n (or kt⌫ny?) Ps32.5; kt⌫ny Ps51.1-2*, 5.
qt nyq ry, qt nq ry, qt nyqry, qdn-qry, S kt ny-k ry adj. and m. noun ‘sinful, sinner’ ~ *y⌫ ‘id.’
E5; Ps50.16*; E27; E28; ~ d- *yt⌫ ‘of sin’ E23.287; ~ ⇡wl⌫ ‘iniquitous’ E23.319; ~ d-⇡wl⌫ ‘of
iniquity’ E23.87; ~ by(⌫ ‘wicked’ E28/1r8, 11.
13
Ambiguous syntax or poor preservation of the texts means that it is not always possible to distinguish reliably
between 1,2,3qt. The same problem applies to 1,2qy and 1,2qyt.
14
qt here does double duty as the regular translation both of d- ‘that’ (2qt) and of ⌫n ‘if’ (1qt).
15
In Mt10.15, 18 E5/75r, Syr. d- in the sense ‘of’ seems to be translated as qt ‘that; who’, whether by mistake (note
that qt is deleted in Mt10.18) or as an extreme literalism. See Sims-Williams 2016, 65.
—Forms: qdn-qry E30/1v22* (clumsy spelling); qt⌫nyq⌫r E28/17v26 (abbreviation or mis-

take); (qt⌫nyq)[⌫](r✏) Jn9.16 E5/100r; qt⌫n -q⌫ry Jn9.24, 25 E5/101r*; qt⌫n✏-q⌫r-y E27/60r20;
qt⌫ny-q⌫ry E27/91v11*; E28/22A9*, 79v4*; qt⌫nyqry E23.319; nqt⌫n✏-q⌫r✏ E27/94r3; acc. sg.
m. qt⌫nyq⌫rw E27/40v10; f. qt⌫nyq⌫rc E27/68r9; pl. qt⌫nyq⌫r✏t pl. E28/1r8, 11, 17v3, 22A7*;
qt⌫nyq⌫ryt E31v3*; qt⌫ny-qryt E23.87, 287; obl. pl. qt⌫nq⌫ryty E28/7v14; qt⌫n -[q⌫ryty] Jn9.31
E5/101v; qt⌫nyq⌫ryt✏ E27/39v3; qt⌫n✏-(q⌫)[ryty] E28/5v28*; qt⌫nyq⌫ryty E28/7v16*, 8r10*; S
kt⌫ny-k[⌫ry] Ps50.16.
qt nymync, *q⇠ ny-mync adj. ‘sinful, of sin’ ~ d- *yt⌫ ‘of sin’ Rom6.6 E32/1v*; E26/24r36,
28r8, 12f*; ~ d- *ḧ⌫ ‘of sins’ E26/27r10, v27*; ~ d-mn *ḧ⌫ ‘from sins’ E26/24v13. Phrase
qt nymync bnty-pwsty ‘bill of servitude of sin’ ~ ⌫(*r ẅbt⌫ ‘bill of debts’ E26/24v23, 27*.
—Forms: qt⌫nymync E26; q+⌫ny-m[ync] Rom6.6 E32/1v.
q+⌫r: see 2wn-.
†k+⌫rt E23.290: read q+⌫rt, see 2wn-.
q⇠ ry m. ‘belly, stomach’ E27/94v7* (~ krs⌫ ‘id.’); E28/12r14 (xwrtdny ⌫t q+⌫ry ‘stomach and
belly’ ~ ⌫s*wmk⌫ ‘stomach’).
qt⌫wn: see 2wn-.
qtcn = 2qt + cn.
k+cyq: see qn+cyq.
qtf = 2qt + -f.
qt n = 2qt + mn.
qtms = 2qt + ms.
qtmy = 2qt + my.
qtpr = 1,2qt + pr.
S ktr: see prnwr⌫-ktr.
q+r̈⌫, q+ry: see q(y.
k+s⌫ = qn+ + s⌫r.
qtsqnty, qsqnty adj. ‘ruined, waste’ and m. noun ‘wasteland, ruin’: qtsqnty E26/8v8; E27/83v8*
(~ rbt⌫ ‘wasteland’). Phrase qsqnty qwn-/wn- ‘to lay waste’ ~ rb p al or ap el ‘to devastate’
E24c1.21; ~ ⇡bd p al + rbt⌫ ‘to make a wasteland’ E28/4v24.
qt( = 2qt + -(.
qt(n = 2qt + (n.
S kt(w = 2qt + 1(w.
qt(y = 2qt + 1(y.
qtty = 1qt + 2ty.
q⇠wlyq (Syr.) ‘Catholicos’: q+wlyq⌫ E27/56r31*; E28/9v16, 18; obl. q+wlyq⌫y E28/27r15; pl.
q+wlyqyt E30/1v2*.
qtwr: see qwtr.
qtxw = see 2qt + 1xw.
qty: see b-, bntqty, frwrtqty, n⌫qty, (f⌫rqty, 2wn-.
q+y: see qn+, q(y.
qty f. ‘deed, work, act, action, operation’ ~ ⇡bd⌫ ‘id.’ Mt16.27 E5/127r, Lk24.19 E5/72r; Tit3.5
E6/5r; E27; E28/3v21; ~ sw⇡rn⌫ ‘id.’ E28/5r22. Phrase nt q qty ‘evil-doing’ ~ by(wt⌫ ‘evil,
wickedness’ E28/4v25.
—Forms: qty⌫ E26; E27/23v7, 60r18; E28; obl. qty⌫- E27/61r27, 29; pl. qt✏t Mt16.27 E5/127r,
Lk24.19 E5/72r; Tit3.5 E6/5r; E27/39r5; qtyt E27/61r28; E28/22B5, 129A6; obl. pl. qt✏ty
E27/54r17; qtyty E28/15v5.
qty q f. ‘household’: obl. qty⌫qy E27/57v17 (~ byt⌫ ‘house’?—see BT XII, 122), 24.
qty mync adj. ‘of deeds’ E28/38v7.
qty wy, S kty wy m. ‘doing, creation’: qty⌫w✏ E27/5r29 (~ br̈yt⌫ ‘creatures’); E35A10*; acc. sg.
qty⌫↵ E27/87r11* (≈ prns quad. ‘to appoint, arrange’); S kty⌫wy Ps19.2 (ZKny *stw⌘⌫ry
kty⌫wy ‘His handiwork (and) creation’ ~ ⇡bd ⌫ÿdwhy ‘the work of His hands’).
qty(t w = qty( (see b-) + t w.
qtyw m. ‘cock, rooster’: qt(yw) ~ trngl⌫ ‘id.’ E36/3r7 (cf. Mt26.75).
1
qw, S 1kw interrog. and rel. adv. ‘where? where’ ~ ⌫yk⌫ ‘id.’ Mt2.2 E3v; Jn9.12 E5/100r;
1Cor12.17, 19 E6/20v*; E23.205; E24c1.79, 80; E27/39v4; 20227v9 (see Lewis 1902, p. l,
col. 1, line 20); ~ mn ⌫yk⌫ ‘whence?’ E26/30r34. Phrases: cn qw ms ‘whence?’ ~ mn ⌫ymk⌫
‘id.’ Jn9.29 E5/101r, Jn9.30 E5/101v; qw s (r) ‘whither?’ E26/12v2; E27/87v7 (~ l-⌫yk⌫ ‘id.’);
E28/85v22, 118A7; qw s r qy ‘wherever’ ~ kl kr d-/b-kl ⌫tr d- ‘id.’ E28/9v29*; qw prm/pn
‘how long?’ E26/15v3; E27/23r23; as conj. ‘so long as, while’ Gal4.1 E6/3r (c⌫f ,mnw qw
prm ~ km⌫ zbn⌫ d- ‘so long as’); E27/31v26 (qwpn ... nwqr ‘so long as ... now’ ~ km⌫ kyt d-
⇡dkyl ‘so long indeed as still’)—cf. S kwprm; with neg., lit. ‘so long as ... not’ ~ ⇡dm⌫ d-
‘until’ E27/25v16*, 65r28f*, 94v18; E28/7v27; written qwpn ny E27/31v26 (~ ⌫l⌫ ⌫n ‘unless’);
wdy qw ‘there where’ E26/12r17*, 24v19*, 26r1*; E27/31r20 (~ ⌫yk⌫ d- ‘where’), 48r19 (~
id.); wdy wy q qw ‘in that place where’ ~ ⌫yk⌫ (±d-) ‘where’ E23.169f, 173 (–); E24c1.55;
wysprd wy qy qw ‘in every place where’ ~ kl ⌫yk⌫ d- ‘everywhere that’ E28/7r10; qw b
‘what has become of ...?’ E26/3r3, 5r10.—Cf. qwt.
—Forms: q↵ E26/12r17*; E27/39v4; qw Mt2.2 E3v; Jn9.12 E5/100r, Jn9.29 E5/101r, Jn9.30
E5/101v; 1Cor12.17, 19 E6/20v*, Gal4.1 E6/3r; E23.170, 173, 205; E24c1.55, 79, 80; E26;
E27; E28; S kw 20227v9 (BT XLII, 7; Reck 2018, 46). Combined: ⌫tqw E28/7r11.
2
qw, S 2kw prep. (i) (rarely) without postp., governing a GN or other word referring to a specific
place ‘in, at, into, to’: Mt2.1 E3v* (~ l- ‘to’); E27/56v6 (~ b- ‘in’), 68v14 (~ d- ‘of’), Br20 (+
obl.); E28/4r26 (+ loc.?) (~ l- ‘to, into’); E30/1v18 (+ obl.); (ii) with postp. s⌫(r), S s⌫r + acc.
‘to, into, towards, for’ ~ l- ‘id.’ passim; ~ lwt ‘to, towards’ E5; Tit3.2 E6/5r*; E23;
E25/1v20*; E26; E27; E28; ~ )yd/)⌫d ‘id.’ E26/25r28; E27/57v16, 94v29; ~ qdm ‘before’
E27/27r4f, 77r9; E28/9v31; ~ l-⌫⇤y ‘to, towards’ E27/77r16; ~ ⇡dm⌫ l- ‘up to, as far as’
E28/7r22*;—in special cases, in particular to mark the complement of certain verbs whose
construction differs in the two languages, qw ... s⌫(r) is used to translate a Syr. prep. whose
literal sense seems far removed (~ b- ‘on, at, unto’ Mt21.32 E5/38r; E27/12r10; E28/1r11, v2,
14r18*; ~ d- ‘of’ E24c3.18; ~ mn ‘from’ E26/31v6) or where the Syriac has no prep. at all
(e.g. Col1.8 E32/2r*; E23.69,148; E26/31r7; E27/6v14, 7r24f; E28/9r28, v22); (iii) with
postp. prm/pn, S prm + acc. ‘up to, as far as, until, during’ ~ ⇡dm⌫ l- ‘until’ E23.275f*(?);
E24c1.22; E27; ~ l- ‘to’ E27/23v10, 60r6;—phrases: wytwr qw ... prm/pn ‘until’ ~ ⇡dm⌫ l-
‘id.’ Lk2.15 E3r; E5; Gal4.2 E6/3v; E26/27v6; E27/40r22f; E28/7r18 (wtwr!), 9r2f*; qw
yqwn prm/pn, S kw ykwn prm ‘for ever’ Ps (~ l-⇡lm ‘id.’); E24c1.10f; E26/16r16*;
E27/27v14 (~ l-⇡lm ⇡lmyn ‘in saecula saeculorum, for ever and ever’); E29/6v3; qw yqwn
yqwn prm, S kw ykwn kw ykwn prm ‘for ever and ever’ Hymn 9 (~ l-⇡lm ⇡lmyn);
E26/23r12; (iv) probable erroneous uses: E23.193; E26/30v19; E36/2v9; Frg18.5.16
—Forms: qw passim; S kw passim. Combined: ⌫tqw E28/12v25, 25B11, 33B8*, 65r13.
qw- m. ‘hero, champion’ ~ gnbr⌫ ‘id.’ Ps19.6, 24.8 (x2); E27/13v19; ~ ⌫tly*⌫ ‘id.’ E28/1r13.—Cf.
qwy⌫q.
—Forms: nom. sg. qẉ̇y E27/13v19; *qwy E28/1r13 (MS zwy!); S nom. sg. kwy Ps19.6, 24.8
(x2).
1
qwc , S kwc , kwc kh f. ‘mouth’ ~ pwm⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.64, 70 E5/6r, Lk19.22 E5/125r; Ps50.19;
E27; E28/2ar2; E30/6r17 (see SA Syr. 53); ~ s̈pwt⌫ ‘lips’ Ps34.14.
—Forms: qwc⌫ Lk1.64, 70 E5/6r; E26/1r13, 23r25*; E27/51r17; E28/2ar2, 18v28; E30/6r17;
obl. qwc⌫y E30/3r10; qwc Lk19.22 E5/125r; qwc✏ E27/60r23; qwcy E27/55v25, 65r29,
102v19; S kwc⌫ Ps50.19; kwc⌫kh Ps34.14; obl.(?) kwc⌫ykh Frg18.6.
2
qwc⌫: see qwts⌫r.
S kw↵prm conj. ‘so long as’ Ps23.6.—Cf. qw prm, qw pn, qwpn s.v. 1qw.
̇
qwd⌫ (Syr.) ‘consecration’: qwd(⌫ E26/13r4; qwd(⌫ E26/13r11*; qwd(⌫ E27/57v10, 12.
̈
*qwd⌫ lqdy⌫ (Syr.) ‘What is holy to those who are holy’ E27/57v5 (MS lqwd(⌫!).
qwdy noun ‘cowl’ (worn by an abbot as a badge of office) E26/14r14.17
qwf noun ‘wave’ ~ gll⌫ ‘id.’: pl. qwftt E28/7r23.
qwhl⇠ (Syr.) ‘Ecclesiastes’ E27/102r23.
qwlcwr m. PN ‘Kül-✓or’ E22.4.—Cf. cwr.
qwn-, S kwn-: see 2wn-.
†qwnt⌫(c E36/1v9: read qwnt⌫ ((✏) .⌫., see 2wn-, 2(y.
qwpn = 1qw + prm.
qwpryn m. PN ‘Cyprian’ E8v1f*.
qwpwtyc, qwpwdyc: see qpwtyc.
qwr adj. ‘blind’ ~ ⇡wyr⌫ ‘id.’ E23.139; ~ smy⌫ ‘id.’ E23.218; E24c1.26; hendiadys znt yty qwr
‘id.’ ~ smy⌫ E27/23r30.
—Forms: qwr E23.139; E26/16r20; E27/23r30; E28/11r15, 17v18*; obl. qwry E24c1.26; pl.
qwrt E23.218; E28/17v19*; q(wry)t(?) E28/17v20.
qwrbn (Syr.) ‘Eucharist’ E27/54v30.
qwrcw dy, S *kwrcw ↵y m. ‘refuge’: acc. sg. qwrcw⌫dw E27/39v10f* ([qwrc]-w⌫dw pcx(- ‘to
take refuge’ ~ gws etpa al ‘id.’), 48v6, 51r6; S kwr(c)[w⌫y] 20113v3 (Reck 2018, 37).
kwr (Syr.) ‘cell’: kwr⇠⌫ E28/2ar8; obl. kwr⇠⌫- E27/94r23*.
kwr⌫yd n, kwr⌫ydn (name of a demon) ‘Khurshed#n’: kwr(-yd⌫n E26/18B2*; kwr(✏d⌫n E26/
15v13*; kwr(-ydn E26/15v5; kwr(ydn E26/17B4*; kwr(-ydn E26/14v13*; kwr(ydn E26/
17A1*; voc. sg. kwr(yd⌫n⌫ E26/15v3*.
qwr⇠ rel. adv. ‘where’ E27/12v1 (qywyd wy⌫q s⌫ qwr+ yty ‘to that place where’ ~ l-kr d- ‘to
where’), 26r7* (qw[r+] ~ d-bḣ ‘in which’); E28/11r13.
qwr⇠y m. ‘tunic, shirt’ ~ kwtyn⌫, pl. kwtyn̈yt⌫ ‘id.’ Mt5.40 E5/28v; E27/57v23 (cf. Gen3.21).
16
Included under (ii-iii) are cases in which s⌫/s⌫r or prm/pn is likely to be missing in a lacuna, as well as instances
where qw is repeated before two or more conjoined noun phrases but s⌫/s⌫r or prm/pn is only placed after the last in
the series (e.g. Mt20.18 E5/34v, Mt25.41 E5/126v; E27/77v11f; E28/3v17f; conversely, with s⌫ after each noun
phrase: E27/23v29, 91v5f*).
17
Cf. perhaps kwdy⌫ twnwm ‘mein gudya Kleid’ in the Christian Uygur text U 321, line 3, for which see Zieme
2015, 87. See further BT XLII, 86 n. 2.
—Forms: qwr+✏ Mt5.40 E5/28v; qwr+y E29/4v4; pl. qwr+✏t E27/57v23.

qwrwn: see 2wn-.
qwryqws m. PN ‘Cyriacus’ E8r2.
qws noun ‘side, direction’: qws E26/15v8; E28/56B2; (q)[w]s qws[ E27/25r20f (~ l-kl gbÿn ‘to
all sides’); obl. qwsy E26/9r7.—Cf. ywqws.
qwstntynpwlys GN ‘Contantinople’ E30/1r2f*, v1, 18.
qwstntynws m. PN ‘Constantine’ E24c1.17, 19, 23.
S kwsy m. ‘cup’ ~ ks⌫ ‘id.’ Ps23.5.
qw⌫y- m. ‘side, flank’: nom. as acc. sg. qw( Jn20.20 E5/76v (~ s*r⌫ ‘id.’); gen. sg. qw(✏ E27/
51v15 (~ dpn⌫ ‘id.’?—cf. Jn19.34); loc. sg. [q](w)(y⌫ E28/118A7; abl. sg. qw(y⌫ Jn21.6 E5/
80v* (~ gb⌫ ‘id.’); E23.228 (so Cat., ed. qw(y) (~ dr̈⇡⌫ ‘arms’ or ktp⌫ ‘shoulder’).
qwt rel. adv. ‘where’: q t E28/18v19; qwt E28/14v5 (⌫ws⌫r qwt ‘whither’ ~ l-⌫yk⌫ d- ‘id.’).—Cf.
1
qw.
qwt- m. ‘dog’ ~ klb⌫ ‘id.’: nom. sg. qwty E27/102r21*; nom. pl. qwtyy E27/51r28 (see BT XII,
97); pl. *qwt[y](t E26/5v27 (emendation for Hansen’s bwt••(t in a lost fragment).
qwtr, qtwr, S kwtr noun ‘family, lineage, generation, race’ ~ (rbt⌫ ‘id.’ Lk16.8 E5/48r; ~ dr⌫
‘generation, age’ Ps24.6; ~ gns⌫ ‘family, race’ E23.86; E28/4r25; ~ byt⌫ ‘house, race (of
Adam)’ E26/26r13, 27r9. Phrase mrtxmyty qwtr ‘race of men’ ~ bnÿn(⌫ ‘men’, lit. ‘sons of
men’ E26/23v21.—Cf. nw-qwtr.
—Forms: qtwr E24c1.66; qwtr Lk16.8 E5/48r; E26/23v21, 26r13, 31r23; E28/4r25, 95A4;
qwtrs⌫r E26/27r10*; obl. qwtry E23.86; E30/4v4*; S kwtr Ps24.6.
qwtrs⌫r = qwtr + s⌫r.
qwts r, qwc interrog. and rel. adv. ‘whither? for which’: qwc⌫ E23.159 (~ d- ‘(for) which’);
qwts⌫r E26/3v9*.
qwy q f. ‘heroism, valour’ in phrase pr qwy q ‘with valour’ ~ gnbr⌫yt ‘valiantly’: pr q̇w ̣ y⌫q E27/
66v16; pr qẉ̇y⌫q E27/68v6.—Cf. qw-.
qwynt E24c1.25: mistake for qywnt.
1
qy, ⇥ , S ky18 (i) interrog. pron. and adj. ‘who? which?’ (always referring to an animate being) ~
mn ‘who?’ E5; Ps; E24c1.77; E26/30r30, 32r2; E27/13v17; E36; (ii) rel. pron. ‘who, which’
(not necessarily referring to an animate being) ~ d- ‘id.’ Col1.15 E32/2v*; Ps; Hymn 7;
Creed; E23.217, 246, 250; E24; E25/1v9, 21; E26; E27; E28.—Cf. 3qt, 1qyt.
—Forms: ⌅⌫ Col1.15 E32/2v*; E25; E26; q✏ E5; E28/41r[m]; E36; q E28; qy Mt21.31
E5/38r, Jn1.19 E5/19r, Jn9.21 E5/100v*; E12/2r14; E23; E24; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30; E31;
E34v14*; E35B1*, 7; E36; obl. qy⌫ E24c1.49; E26/1r21, 31r23; S ky passim. Combinations:
qycn E28; qyms E28/3v19; m⌫tqy/m⌫tq✏ E36.
2
qy conj. ‘that’ etc. ~ d- ‘id.’ E26/27r23 (w⌫nc⌫nw qy ‘as’ ~ ⌫yk d- ‘id.’), 28r7 (see BT XXXV,
151); E27/40r4, 57r1, 94r13; E28/4r23, 24, 25, 8r17* (~ d- ‘(would) that ...!’); similarly, in
passages without Syr. equivalent, E26/30v24; E28/23r8(?) (‘in that, for’), 65v9. With neg.
‘that ... not, lest’ (~ ‘lest’, SA Arm. B 8) E30/4r14, 16.—Cf. 2qt, 2qyt.
—Forms: q E28/65v9; qy E26/27r23, 28r7, 30v24; E27/40r4, 57r1, 94r13; E28; E30/4r16.
Combined: qyt E30/4r14.
qy⌫: see dw⌫ywx⌫-qy⌫, 1qy.
qycn = 1qy + cn.
18
See n. 13 on p. 94.
qyl+⌫y E28/18r30: mistake for qly+⌫y.

qymnt ... s prep. + dem. adj. + postp. ‘to these’ (probably altered to qywnt ‘to those’, see BT
XII, 82 fn. c) E27/48r14f (~ l-ḣnwn ‘to those’).
qyms = 1qy + ms.
qym⇠ (Syr.) ‘Resurrection, Easter’: qym+⌫ E20v8; E27/55r25, 57v10; obl. q(ym)+(⌫)[y] E42B5.
qymyd (...) s prep. + dem. pron. and adj. + postp. ‘to this’ E27/31v24 (~ l-... hn⌫ ‘id.’), 32 (~
id.); E28/4r22 (~ lhyn ‘to them’).
qyn noun ‘hatred, revenge’: q✏n E28/23r[m], 4; q n E28/23v11.
qyr- vb. ‘to be done, be performed’: 3 sg. pres. dur. qyrtysqn E26/24v19; 3 sg. impf. qyr⌫ E26/
3r11.
qyr n, S kyr n m. ‘side, direction, cardinal point, region’ ~ gb⌫ ‘side’ E27/7r22*, 23r20, 39r2*.
Phrases: cn cyntr qyr n ‘on the inside, inwardly’ E29/5r19; cn sqy (q)[yr n] ‘from the upper
direction’ ~ mn l⇡l ‘from above’ E27/22v12; ctf r qyr n ‘the four directions’ E26/2v24, 12r3;
nym⇢y⇠-w dy qyr n ‘in the southern direction’ ~ l-grbyy⌫ ‘to the north’(!) E27/23r17; S pr
wyspw kyr n ‘in every direction’ 20222bv3; s pt qyr n ‘left side’ ~ sml⌫ ‘id.’ Mt25.41
E5/126v; E27/60v13; xw rnt qyr n ‘right side’ ~ ymyn⌫ ‘id.’ Mt25.33*, 34 E5/126r; E27/
60v13.—Cf. byqp⌫r-qr⌫n, cyntp⌫r-qyr⌫n, ny(qr⌫n, xwrsnqyr⌫n, xwrtxyzqyr⌫n.
qyrbd⌫rt: see *qyrp.
qyrm-, qrm- m. ‘snake, serpent’ ~ wy⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.16 E5/75r; E27/51v12 (cf. Gen3.15); E28/
9r21*; E30/4v15 (see Nau 1920, 4, line 19).
—Forms: nom. sg. qyrmy E26/16v3; nom. as acc. sg. qrmy E30/4v15; qyrmy E28/9r21*; gen.
sg. qyrm-y E27/51v12; qyr(m)[y] E27/57v32; pl. qrm (t Mt10.16 E5/75r.
qyrmyr adj. ‘red’ ~ swmq⌫ ‘id.’ E27/87v4.
*qyrp / qyrbt vb. ‘to obscure’(?): 3 sg. tr. pret. qyrbd⌫rt E20v5, 6.
qyrp qc f. ‘overshadowing’(?) E33A5*.
qysr m. PN and title ‘Caesar’: qysr E29/6r2, 20, v3, 6.
qysrq n, qysrg n noun ‘denarius’: qysrg⌫n E26/7r10; q✏srq⌫n Lk10.35 E5/91r (~ dynr⌫ ‘id.’);
qysrq⌫n E27/69v14* (~ synq⌫ d-dhb⌫ ‘hemidrachm of gold’).
1
qyt, S kyty19 (i) interrog. pron. ‘who?’, only E36/2v13, 3v1*; (ii) rel. pron. ‘who, which’ (not
necessarily referring to an animate being) ~ d- ‘id.’ E27; E28.—Cf. 3qt, 1qy.
—Forms: q✏t E27; E28; E36/2v13; q t E28; qyt E20r4, 9; E26/2r17; E28; E34v2, 6; E36/
3v1*; q✏tf E27/94v9; S kyty Frg18.7.
2
qyt conj. ‘that’ ~ d- ‘id.’ E28/3r3, 5v21, 7r1, 7v18.—Cf. 2qt, 2qy.
—Forms: q✏t E28/7r1, 23r20, 66v21; q t E28/3r3, 5v21, 7v18; qyt E28/19v2.
3
qyt = 2qy + -t.
qytf = 1qyt + -f.
qyw s⌫, qyw s⌫r, S kyws⌫r prep. + 3rd pers. sg. pron. + postp. ‘to him, to it’ ~ lh ‘id.’ Ps33.2, 3;
E27; ~ lwth ‘id.’ E27/60r13, 23, 87v19*; ~ qdmwhy ‘into his presence’ E27/68v21; ~ )⌫dyḣ
‘at it’ E27/31r17.
—Forms: qyw sʾ E27; qyw sʾr E28/65v10; S kyws⌫r Ps33.2, 3.
qywnt ... prm prep. + dem. adj. + postp. ‘until that’ E29/1v2.
qywnt (...) s , *qywnt s r, qywn⇠ ... s r prep. + dem. adj. and pron. + postp. ‘to that, to those’:
[qywn+ Col1.9 E32/2: mistake for cywn+]; qywnt s⌫ E27/48v17; (qywnt s)[⌫ ...] ~ lwt ⌫ylyn d-
19
See n. 13 on p. 94 above.
‘to those who’ E28/5v18; qywnt ... s⌫ ~ l-ḣnwn ‘to those’ E27/48r14f (see BT XII, 82 fn. c);
*qywnt s⌫r ~ l-h↵ ‘to that (person)’ E24c1.25 (MS qwynt!); qw qywn+ ... s⌫r ~ l-... hẏ ‘to that’
E24c2.12.
qywy⇠ ... s r, qywy⇠ ... [s ], qywyd (...) s prep. + dem. adj. and pron. + postp. ‘to that, into that,
for that’, also as pl. ‘for those’ (only E27/54v30*), sometimes preceded by a redundant qw: ~
l-(...) h↵/hẏ ‘to that’ E25/1r15; E27; E28/14r24; ~ lh ‘to it’ E27/31v15; ~ l- ‘to’ E27.20
—Forms: qywyd s⌫ E27/31v15, 54v30*; qywyd ... s⌫ E27; qywy+ ... s⌫ E28/18r30f*; E34v13;
qywy+ ... s⌫r E25/1r15; E26/2r3, 8v3, 27r18.
qzyt- m. ‘judiciary, court’(?): qzytw acc. sg. E26/12v4, 9.
q,, q,wrz: see qr,wrz.
S L⌫: see ny.
̈
lqwd(⌫ lqdy(⌫ E27/57v5: mistake for *qwd(⌫ l⌅dy(⌫.
*lwq m. PN ‘Luke’: l(w)[q⌫] Lk1.1 title E4.
l dn GN ‘Led#n’ E27/69r29.
*l w yq m. ‘Levite’ ~ lwy⌫ ‘id.’: pl. l(✏)w(⌫)[yqt] Jn1.19 E5/19r.
-m 1st pers. pron., acc. sg. encl. ‘me’ ~ -ny ‘id.’: ⌫tm E27/87v15; p⌫tm E27/120r4.—Cf. my.
†m⌫ xyp+⌫wnty E36/3r9: read m⌫xyp+⌫wnty (= 1m⌫x + xyp+⌫wnty).
m⌫br: see 2⌫br.
m cq, S m ck f. ‘substance, matter, material, basis, capital’(?): obl. m⌫cqy E31v3; S obl. m⌫cky
E21r1*(?).
m dn noun ‘leaven, yeast’ ~ myr⌫ ‘id.’ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r (x3).
m⌫ ⌫z: see 2⌫ ⌫z.
m⌫ wnt: see ⌫ wnt.
S m⌫lp⌫ny: see *mlpn⌫.
m m GN ‘M#m’: obl. m⌫m E26/12v7*, 15*.
m mr (Syr.) ‘Memr#, discourse’: m⌫mr⌫ E27/48r24; E28/98A2*; obl. [m⌫mr](⌫y) E28/3v12[m].
m n m. ‘mind, intellect’ ~ r⇡yn⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.45 E5/83v; E27; E28; E29/1r9; ~ tr⇡yt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/25r5*,
66r18; ~ md⇡⌫ ‘understanding’ E27/31r26; E28/12r25; ~ w(bẅhy d-hwn⌫ ‘thoughts of the
mind’ E26/32r1*; ~ lb⌫ ‘heart’ E23.105; E29/1r8; E30/6r18* (SA Syr. 53); ~ np(⌫ ‘soul’ E26/
27v23*; E27/60r15, 94r19; E28/4v25, 14r13; ~ lb⌫ or np(⌫ E27/64v23.—In E29/1r8f (para-
phrase of Lk10.27) m⌫n translates both r⇡yn⌫ and lb⌫, see BT XXXII, 95.—Cf. m⌫ny-prm⌫ty,
*pw-m⌫n, (qwr+-m⌫ny.
—Forms: m⌫n Lk24.45 E5/83v; E24c1.2(?); E26/7v6; E27; E28; E29/1r8, 9; E51B2; wm⌫n
E27/31v13; obl. m⌫n E28/5r19*, 18r25, 77r23; m⌫ny E23.105; E26; E27; E28/5r15, 11r6, 18,
33A7*; E29/5r13*; E30; ym⌫ny E27/31v11.
m n dem. adj., acc. sg. f. ‘this’ ~ hn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31v7, 55r21, 68r14; E28/12r29* (–), 111v26 (–).
m ncyq adj. ‘mental’ E26/24r24; E28/8v13 (~ d-r⇡yn⌫ ‘of the mind’), 28A3*, 85r23, v24*. Phrase
m ncyq c⌫m-/cm- ‘mind’s eye’ ~ lb⌫ ‘heart’ E26/23v5; ~ ⇡ÿn⌫ d-m̈d⇡⌫ ‘eyes of the minds’
E24c2.20f.
m nt dem. adj., acc. pl. ‘these’ E26/16r6*; E27/14r24*, 23v2* (~ hlyn ‘id.’), 54v16 (~ id.),
68v18 (~ id.); E28/17v13(?) (MS m⌫t!), 23r18, v18 (MS m⌫t!), 85v23.
20
Note that the dem. adj. does not necessarily qualify the noun governed by the prep., e.g. qywyd mrty ,y⌫wr s[⌫]
‘into that man’s heart’ ~ l-lbh d-h↵ ‘to the heart of that (person)’ E27/60v7 (see BT XII, 116).
m nwq adj. ‘like, similar’ ~ dmwt⌫ ‘likeness’ Col1.15 E32/2v; ~ b-dmwt ‘in the likeness of’
E26/28v23. With x- or b- ‘to be like, resemble’ (+ qw) ~ dmy p al ‘id.’ Mt13.24 E5/109v*,
Lk12.36 E5/130r; E27/64v24*; ~ dmy etpa al ‘id.’ E28/1r12; ~ dmy pa el inf. + pf. ‘to be
just like’ E24c1.94.21—Cf. *dyw-m⌫nwq, swmtry-m⌫nwq.
m nwqy f. ‘likeness’ ~ dmwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/48r11*, 53r5* (?—cf. Lk3.22), 57r26; E28/20r15* (cf.
1Jn3.2); ~ dwmy⌫ ‘similitude’ E27/57r21, 32*. In Jn9.9 E5/100r, pr m⌫nwqy⌫ ‘in likeness’
seems to imitate the inf. absolute (cf. Nöldeke 1898, §295) of dmy p al ‘to resemble’ preced-
ing the pres. pt. of the same verb, the translation of which is lost in a lacuna.
—Forms: m⌫nwqy⌫ Jn9.9 E5/100r; E12/2r15; E27; E28/18r28, 20r15*; E36/3r11; obl.
m⌫nwqy⌫ E28/20r12.
m⌫ny: see m⌫n, m⌫ny-prm⌫ty, mnt-m⌫ny, (qwr+-m⌫ny.
m ny-prm ty m. ‘conscience’ ~ t⌫rt⌫ ‘id.’: m⌫n -pr|[m⌫]ty E28/1r19f; m⌫ny-prm⌫ty E28/1r4, 12r19.
m r wt, m✓r wt adj. ‘mourning, grieving’ ~ ⌫byl⌫ ‘mourning’ E27/60r31. With b- ‘to mourn’
Jn16.20 E5/79r (~ ⌫ly p al ‘id.’); E28/7v2 (~ ⌫bl etp el ‘id.’). Phrase m r wt w⌫t ‘to stand
mourning’ E26/31r23f (~ q*r p al + ⌫bl⌫ ‘to put on mourning’); E28/7v17 (~ ⌫bl etp el).
—Forms: m⌫r ẉ̇t E28/7v17; m⌫r⌫wt E26/31r23; E27/60r31; E28/7v2; mr⌫wt Jn16.20 E5/79r.
m r wty f. ‘mourning, grief’ ~ ⌫bl⌫ ‘id.’: m⌫r⌫wty⌫ E27/102r25; E28/2ar18*, 5v29, 7v19; obl.
m⌫r⌫wty⌫- E27/68r25; m⌫r⌫wty⌫y E28/98A3 (–).
m rdny, S *m r↵ny m. ‘record, book, writing, scripture’: m⌫rdny E24c1.93 (~ hwpm̈nm*⌫ ‘rec-
ords’); abl. sg. m⌫rdn⌫ E27/94v19 (~ spr⌫ ‘book (of the bible)’), 104v10* (~ id.); pl. m⌫rdn✏t
E27/51v21*, 52v7*; m⌫rdnyt E27/51r13*; S m⌫rny 20227v5*, 6*.
S m⌫rt: see mr+y.
S m⌫ry⌫my: see mrym.
m sy m. ‘old man’ ~ sb⌫ ‘id.’: m⌫s-y E27/60r5; m⌫s✏ E27/60r19; voc. sg. m⌫s⌫ E26/16r15 (–); pl.
m⌫s-yt E27/68r11; obl. pl. m⌫syty E27/60v25.
S m⌫syr: see msydr.
*m sy-sqwny m. ‘old age’ ~ sybwt⌫ ‘id.’: [m⌫sy-s]qwny E27/39r14.
1
m t, S m t, m tw conj. ‘that, so that, in that, for, because’ ~ d- ‘id.’ E32; Ps; E23; E24c3.11, 20;
E26; E27; E28/3v20, 9v8; E29/8r7*; E30/6v4 (see Nau 1920, 7, line 9); ~ kd ‘when’ E27/
7v24*; ~ ⌫ykn⌫ d- ‘so that’ E27/11r17*; ~ w- ‘and’ E27/12r3.
—Forms: m⌫t E32; E23; E24c1.1*, c3.11, 20; E26; E27/1-27; E28; E29; E30; S m⌫t Ps; m⌫tw
Ps33.4.
2
m t f. ‘mother’ ~ ⌫m⌫ ‘id.’: m⌫t E23.154; E24c1.18; E26/27r9; E27/51v19 (–), 87v8, 105v2; wm⌫t
E27/105r6*; obl. m⌫ty E26/42A7 (–); E27/104v5.
3
m⌫t, m⌫+: see x-.
4
m⌫t E28/17v13(?), 23v18: mistake for m⌫nt.
m⌫tqy = m⌫t (see x-) + 1qy.
̈
m t-ptry m. sg. or pl. ‘mother and father, parents’ ~ ⌫bḥ⌫ ‘parents’: m⌫t-ptr✏ E27/1v12* (–),
104v4*; m⌫t-ptry E27/1v7*; acc. sg. m⌫t-ptrw E27/1v11; pl. m⌫tptr✏t Jn9.22*, 23 E5/100v;
[m](⌫t)-pt(r)[yt] Mt10.21 E5/75v.—Cf. 2m⌫t, ptr-.
m⌫tym⌫x = m⌫tym (see x-) + 1m⌫x.
m⌫wy,: see 3⌫wy,.
21
A mistranslation according to ST II, 520 n. 3, see Syr. s.v. dmy pa el.
1
m x, S m x, m xw 1st pers. pron., pl. ‘we, us, to us, for us, our’ ~ ⌫n nn, nn, -nn ‘we’ NT+; ~ -n
‘us, our’, ln ‘us, to us, for us’ NT+; Hymn 5 (x2), 6; Creed 5; ~ -y ‘my’(!) E27/66r6; ~ -h
‘his’(!) E28/9v14; ~ -kwn ‘you’(!) E26/30v15.—In the lectionaries E5 and E6, m⌫x often
follows 1st pers. pl. verbal forms, even where there is no corresponding subject pron. in the
Syriac.
—Forms: m⌫x Mt2.1 E3v*; Lk1.1, 2* E4; E5; E6; E32; E8v9; E18; E19; E20r4, 5; E21v6;
E23; E24; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/1r5*, 2r2; E31r9, v21; E33B6*; E34v15; E36/2v9; obl.
m⌫x E5; m⌫xy Rom6.5 E32/1v; E26/16v13, 30r19; E44/37v5; E46v8; S m⌫x Hymn 5 (x2), 6;
m⌫xw Creed 5; E44/24r1; 20223r7, 20227v[m]. Combined: ⌫ m⌫x Gal3.25 E6/3r; m⌫tym⌫x E6;
m⌫xs⌫ E26/27v37; E28/23v14; m⌫xs⌫r E28/8r26; [m⌫xyp+⌫wnt: see separate entry]; ym⌫x E27/
22r7.
2
m x m. ‘moon; month’ ~ yr ⌫ ‘month’ E24c1.19; E27/65r30, 68v11, 69r23; ~ shr⌫ ‘moon’
E36/3r13 (cf. Joshua 10.13).
—Forms: m⌫x E20v7; E24c1.19; E26; E27/69r23; E36/2r5*, 3r13; E42B2*, 3; obl. m⌫xy E27;
pl. m⌫xyt E29/6v17.
m x-nwy m. ‘new moon’: abl. m⌫x-nw⌫ in the phrase cn m x-nw ‘from the new moon’ ~ b-d-shr⌫
‘in (the reckoning) of the moon’ E27/65r30*, 68v11.
m⌫xs⌫, m⌫xs⌫r = 1m⌫x + s⌫r.
m xyp⇠ wnt m. ‘Our Lord’ as a title of Jesus ~ mrn ‘id.’: m⌫xyp+⌫wnt Lk16.8 E5/48r; E28/3v29,
5r29; obl. m⌫xyp+⌫wnty E28/8v11*, 12v17; E36/3r9 (ed. m⌫ xyp+⌫wnty, read m⌫xyp+⌫wnty
with Cat.) (–).—More commonly written as two words, see 1m⌫x and xyp+⌫wnt.
m⌫xz, m⌫xy,: see ⌫xz, ⌫xy,.
m y adv. ‘indeed’ E29/8r9.—Cf. m⌫y(, m⌫y(t.22
m y f. ‘boat, ship’ ~ ⌫lp⌫ ‘id.’ E25/1r19*, 20*, v14; E26/30r24. Phrase m y ⌫qryny(t) n f, lit.
‘ship-steering people’ ~ ⌫lpr̈⌫ ‘sailors’ E25/1r15*, v14*.
—Forms: m⌫y⌫ E25/1r15, 19*, v14, 14; E26/30r20*; obl. m⌫y⌫ E26/30r24; [m⌫y⌫]y E25/1r20.
S m⌫y: see 1myd, mydc⌫nw.
m y⌫ adv. ‘indeed’: m⌫y( Lk1.66 E5/6r* (~ ky ‘id.’, itself ~ Gk. ἄρα); m⌫y( n E28/8r20* (~ lm,
particle indicating that a quotation follows).—Cf. m⌫y, m⌫y(t.
m⌫y( n = m⌫y( + mn.
m y⌫t adv. ‘indeed’ E26/12v16*; E28/8v24 (w⌫nw m⌫y(t ‘that is, namely, that is to to say’ ~ hnw
dyn ‘id.’), 12v14 (~ lm, particle indicating that a quotation follows).—Cf. m⌫y, m⌫y(.
mbynt: see 2⌫bynt.
mc⌫, mc⌫r: see mrts⌫r.
mcryn, *mycryn GN ‘Egypt’: mcryn E26/28v3; E27/60r1, 94v9; myc[ryn] E27/104v10*.
*mcryncyq adj. ‘Egyptian’: (mc)[ryn](cy)q E36/3r2 (~ m)ry⌫ ‘id.’, cf. Ex2.11).
mcy⌫, mcyt: see s⌫cy-mycy⌫, xw(ywnqy⌫-mcy⌫.
md⌫s: see 1⌫d⌫s.
md⌫w: see ⌫d⌫w.
mdb (Syr.) ‘altar’ E26/23v19; E27; E28/19v25.
mdr⌫ (Syr.) ‘hymn’ E24c3.60.
mdw, *mwdw noun ‘wine’ ~ mr⌫ ‘id.’: mdw Lk10.34 E5/91r*; E26/5v5 (–); E27/57r18; E29/
3r2 (cf. Dan1.16), 5r22 (–); E38A7* (–), B10 (–); mwd[w] Jn2.10 E5/21v.
22
The form m⌫y may also be attested in Nov. 5, line 10 (mistake for m⌫y according to Livshits 2015, 152).
mdy adv. ‘here’ ~ tnn ‘id.’ Mt16.28 E5/127r, Mt17.4 E5/127v* (x2); ~ hrk⌫ ‘id.’ E26/28v19;
E27/40r15, 48r13, 68v15.
—Forms: md✏ Mt16.28 E5/127r, Mt17.4 E5/127v*; E27/48r13; md-y E27/22v5, 68v15; mdy
Mt17.4 E5/127v; E23.271; E26/12r35, 28v15, 19; E27/40r15; E28.
mdy⌫n, S my⌫n: see myd⌫n.
mdycyq adj. ‘(which is) here’ E28/14r17.
mgdl yq adj. ‘of Magdala, Magdalene’ E36/1v9* (~ mgdly⌫, f. mgdlyt⌫ ‘id.’, cf. Lk8.2).
mgntys m. PN ‘Magnentius’ (cf. Schmitt 2017, 232) E23.182.
m dmync adj. ‘of fruit, fruit-bearing’: m dmync E26/6A4; pl. m dmy(t E26/12v36.
m dy m. ‘fruit’ ~ ⌫d(⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12r12 (mistranslation, see BT XLII, 37).
m r⌫m: see ⌫ r⌫m.
m w, mw - m. ‘magus’ ~ mgw(⌫ ‘id.’ E27.
—Forms: nom. sg. m w E27/25v20, 26r22*, 27v7; mw w E27/23r16, 25v10; mw y E27/
19r2, 23v9; acc. sg. mw w E27/22r14; gen. sg. m wy E27/22r17; pl. mw ✏(t E27/12v6,
24r8; mw y(t E27; obl. pl. m w(ty (for *m wy(ty?) E28/17v5; mw y(ty E27/1r23, 12v1*,
68v10.
1
m wn adj. ‘whole, all’ ~ kl/kwl ‘id.’ Lk6.17 E5/91v, Lk24.19 E5/72r*; E26/31v24; E27. Phrase
m wn fcmbd ‘the whole world’ E18v9 (~ kl ⌫n( ‘everyone’); E26/31r9 (~ dr̈y ⇡lm̈⌫ ‘all ages’,
lit. ‘ages of aeons’); E27/31r1 (~ klh gw⌫ ‘all people’); E28/86B5*.
2
m wn, S m wn adj. ‘like, same’ E38A10*. Otherwise only in the phrase yw m wn, S [ yw
]m wn (i) as adv. ‘like, likewise, alike’ E28/1r11, 14v14 (~ (wy⌫yt ‘equally’), 20v12; E29/
2r6, 3r7*; E42B1f*; (ii) as postp. ‘like’ ~ ⌫kwt- ‘like’ Ps50.21*; E27/65v27.
mq̣̇d⌫⇠ (Syr.) ‘sanctified (woman)’ E28/27r16*, 22.
*mlpn , S *mlp n , *m lp n (Syr.) ‘teacher’: obl. S mlp⌫ny Khum 1; m⌫lp⌫ny Khum 7.
̈
mmll dsb (Syr.) ‘conversation of the old men’ E27/60r[m].
mn, mnd 1st pers. pron., obl. pl. encl. ‘us, to us, our’ ~ -n ‘id.’ E32; E24c1.41; E25/1v9; E26/
24r36; E27/94v3, 126v28; E28/8r18; ~ ln ‘us, to us’ E24c1.45; E26/30r12; E27; E28/14r1*.
—Forms: n E20r7, 8 (x2); E24c1.41, 45; E25/1v9; E26/24r36, 27r22, 30r12*; E27/126v28;
E28/8r18*, 14r1*, 24; ṃ̇n E27/54r17; mn E27; mnd E32. Combined: ⌫t n E28/8r18, 69A10;
qt n E28/11v7; m⌫y( n E28/8r20*.
S MN: see cn.
mn , S mn 1st pers. pron., obl. sg. ‘me, to me, my’ ~ -y ‘id.’, -ny ‘me’, ly ‘me, to me’ NT+; Ps;
~ -n ‘to us’(!) E26/32r2; ~ -h ‘him’(!) E26/32r3 (mistake?).
—Forms: mn⌫ passim; obl. mn⌫ Jn15.20 E5/73v; mn⌫ Jn15.18 E5/73v; S mn⌫ Ps.
mnc⌫y: see ⌫nc⌫y.
mng, mnq noun ‘envy, jealousy’: mng Tit3.3 E6/5r* (read [mn](g) with Cat.) (~ sm⌫ ‘id.’);
E26/3r13; mnq E27/57v29; E28/20v6*, 8, 18*, 19; obl. mngy E28/78A1*.—On the meaning
of this word see Sims-Williams 1992b, 285-6 with n. 23 on pp. 287-8; the translation ‘deceit’
suggested in BT XII, 122-3, is incorrect.
*mn⌫ m. PN ‘Manasseh’: [m](n)( ⌫ Mt1.10 E1/1v.
mnt conj. ‘while, until’ ~ ⇡d ‘while’ Jn14.29 E2/1r*; ~ ⇡dm⌫ d- ‘until’ E23.92, 158. Phrase
pynms /pyrnms mnt as conj. ‘before’ E27/54r16, 94r19* (~ qdm d- ‘id.’); E28/12r17 (~ mn
qdm d- ‘id.’), 13A11f*.
—Forms: mnt Jn14.29 E2/1r*; E23.92 (MS lost, ed. myt, read *mnt with Cat.), 158 (ed. myt,
read mnt with Cat.); E27/54r16, 87v12, 94r19; E28/13A11f*.
mnt- r̈psty adj. ‘powerless’ E26/2r21.—Cf. ⌫rpsty.

mnt rb q, mn⇠- rb q adj. ‘foolish, unwise, ignorant’ ~ skl⌫ ‘foolish’ 1Cor1.27 E6/12v; E27/
102r22, 25; E30/4r6f* (cf. Nau 1920, 4, line 17), 5r1 (cf. SA Syr. 29); ~ (*y p al act. pt. ‘mad,
foolish’ E27/102v25; ~ id. or skl⌫ E27/26v8; mn+- rb⌫q mrdxmy ‘ignorant man’ ~ hdyw*⌫
‘ignorant (person)’ E24c1.91.—Cf. rb⌫q.
—Forms: mnt rb⌫q E26/3; E27/14r13*, 102r22, v25; E28/35B3*, 58A5*; E30/5r1*; mn+-
rb⌫q E24c1.91; obl. mnt rb⌫qy E30/4r6f*; pl. mnt rb⌫qt E27/26v8; obl. pl. mnt- rb⌫qty
1Cor1.27 E6/12v*; E27/102r25.
mnt rb qy f. ‘folly, ignorance’ E26/3v25; E27/102r23 (~ (*ywt⌫ ‘folly, madness’), v25 (~ id.);
E30/6v18*. With wn- ‘to commit folly’ ~ (*y p al ‘to act foolishly’ E27/102r22.—Cf. rb⌫qy⌫.
*mnt w n adj. ‘without sin’: [mn](t )[w]⌫n E28/52r28.
mnt-m ny adj. ‘mindless, unthinking’ ~ syr⌫ + r⇡yn⌫ ‘having little understanding’: pl. mnt-m⌫nyt
Lk24.25 E5/72r*; E27/108r5*.
mnt-ptz nqy , mntptznqy f. ‘lack of understanding, ignorance’: mnt-ptz⌫nqy⌫ E28/12r23 (~ l⌫
yd⇡t⌫ ‘id.’); mntptznqy⌫y obl. E28/66v27.
mntptz ny adj. ‘without understanding, ignorant’ ~ hdyw*⌫ ‘id.’: pl. mnt-ptz⌫n✏t E27/31r13;
E28/68v4f (–); obl. pl. mntptz⌫n-yty E27/31r17 (~ hdÿw*⌫ ... w-qwr̈yy b-yd⇡t⌫ ‘(those) who are
ignorant and boorish in respect of knowledge’).
mnt-ptzny , *mnt-ptz ny f. ‘lack of understanding, ignorance’ ~ l⌫ yd⇡t⌫ ‘id.’: obl. [mn]t-
(p)t(z)⌫(n✏)[⌫] E27/126v25 (see BT XLV, 139); mnt-ptzny⌫- E27/31r9.
mnt-wrnqy f. ‘lack of faith’: ṃ̇nt-[wrnqy⌫] Rom11.23 E6/6v (~ syrwt hymnwt⌫ ‘id.’); obl.
m(n)t-(w)r(nq)y⌫y E36/3r6 (thus Cat., ed. (m✏t) (pr ,m)ny⌫(y)).
mnt-wrny adj. ‘lacking faith’ ~ z⇡wr hymnwt⌫ ‘of little faith’: voc. pl. mnt-wrnyt Mt6.30 E1/2v.
mntxwpy adj. ‘unpleasant, unwholesome, improper’ E27/94v13 (~ by(⌫ ‘bad’); E28/17v8*,
73r8*; E30/6v7f (~ id., see SA Syr. 54).
mntz wr adj. ‘powerless, weak’ E26/3v5*.—Cf. z⌫wr.
mn⇠z wry f. ‘weakness’ ~ m ylwt⌫ ‘id.’ E24c3.6f.
mntzprt, mnzprt, mzprt adj. ‘unclean, impure’ ~ *m⌫⌫ ‘id.’ E27/102r19, 26.—Cf. zprt.
—Forms: mntzprt E28/17v9, 27v18*; E29/8r4f*; E30/6r11f*; mnzprt E24c3.48; mzprt E27/
102r19; E28/11r3, 15v6; pl. mzprtt E27/102r26.
mntzprty f. ‘impurity, filth, rubbish’ E29/5r10, 6v10.—Cf. zprty⌫.
mnyn (Syr.) ‘(Book of) Numbers’ E27/94v2.
mnz⌫n: see ⌫z⌫n.
mnz ynt: see ⌫nz ynt.
mnzprt: see mntzprt.
mpqn (Syr.) ‘(Book of) Exodus’ E27/104v3.
*mp⌫qn (Syr.) ‘the Interpreter’, title of Theodore of Mopsuestia: mp(()q[n⌫] E27/48r8.
S mr: see S *mrysrkys.
mr⌫wt: see m⌫r⌫wt.
mr z, S mr ẓ noun ‘worker, labourer; helper’ ~ ⇡dwr⌫ ‘helper’ Ps19.15. Phrases S mr ẓ ⌦- ‘to be a
helper’ ~ ⇡dr pa el ‘to help’ Ps20.2; mr z ⌫w- ‘to go (as) a labourer’ ~ pr p al ‘to dig’ Lk16.3
E5/48r; (pt)[xrytyt mr]( )[z](t) ‘hired labourers’ ~ ⌫gyr̈⌫ ‘hirelings’ E28/5r30.—Cf. ⌫wmr⌫z⌫nc.
—Forms: mr⌫z Lk16.3 E5/48r; pl. mr⌫zt E26/12v7*; E28/5r30*; obl. pl. [mr]⌫zty E26/16v6; S
mr⌫ẓ Ps19.15, 20.2.
mrc, S mrc f. ‘death’ ~ mwt⌫ ‘id.’ E5+. Phrases: mrc bn⇠ m *b-/qt- ‘to be sentenced to death’
E24c2.2 (≈ dyn⌫ d-mwt⌫ ‘sentence of death’), variant [m]r[cy ](bnt) m (q)[t-] E29/3v7*;
mrcy bnt m pwsty (and variants) ‘death sentence document’ ~ ⌫ppsys ‘sentence’ E23A12;
E24c2.3; ~ msm-b-r(⌫ d-mwt⌫ ‘penalty of death’E24c2.1f; mrc *pc z/pc ⌫t-, p⌫ ⌫t- ‘to
receive death’ ~ qbl pa el + mwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/1r5; ~ mwt p al ‘to die’ Rom6.10 E32/1v; pr
z ry (w)[y] mrc ‘with a death of torment’ ~ by( by( ‘very harshly’ Mt21.41 E5/38v.—Cf. pnt-
mrc.
—Forms: mrc Mt10.21 E5/75v*, Mt20.18 E5/34v, Mt21.41 E5/38v; Rom6.9 E32/1v; E23.93;
E24; E26; E27; E28/20v22; E36/1r1* (thus Cat., ed. m(rcy)); obl. mrc Lk1.79 E5/6v,
Lk24.20 E5/72r; mrcy E23A12, A26; E26/2v25*, 31v22; E27/66r1, 68v24; E28/3v14*, 17r1,
131B3; E29/3v7*; S mrc 12600Iv8.
S *mrcxwrm noun ‘dust of death’ ~ ⇡pr⌫ d-mwt⌫ ‘id.’: ]mrcxw(r)[m] Ps22.16.—Cf. xwrm.
mrd spnt noun ‘element’ ~ ⌫s*wks⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl.(?) mrd⌫spnty G
̤ al4.3 E6/3v.
mrdxmy: see mrtxmy.
mr noun ‘forest’ ~ ⇡b⌫ ‘id.’: pl. mr t E27/11r24*.
mr - m. ‘bird’: nom. sg. mr y E36/3r4*, 7*; obl. pl. mr y(t[y] E26/5r14.
mr rt, mr t f. ‘pearl’ ~ mrgnyt⌫ ‘id.’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r*; E28/25A2, 26A11 (on both passages
see BT XLII, 233).
—Forms: mr ⌫rt 1Tim2.9 E6/18r*; E28/25A2, 5*, 26A11; E29/5v2, 4; mr ⌫t E28/25A8
(mistake?); obl. (pl.?) mr ⌫rty E28/24A16, 25B5.—Many forms are probably pl., the pl. suffix
being absorbed by the final -t of the stem.
mr wr noun ‘plait, tress, lock of hair’ ~ gdwl⌫ ‘id.’: pl. mr wrt 1Tim2.9 E6/18r.
mr ẅ⇠ (Syr.) ‘fans’ E12/2v5.
mrmy⇠ (Syr.), abbreviation for *mrmy+⌫, a term for a subdivision of the Psalter E9/1.
mrn-y⌫w m. PN ‘M#ranisho⇡’ E26/31v23.
†mrt E23.80: restore mrt[y].
mr+: see mr+y.
mr⇠ f. PN ‘Martha’: mr+⌫ Lk10.38, 40 E5/91r; mr+⌫ mr+⌫ Lk10.41 E5/91v.
mrts r, mts r, mc r, mc , ms r, ms , S mrts r (i) adv. ‘hither’ E26/30r31, 34 (~ lk⌫ ‘id.’); (ii) as
postp. with prep. cn ‘from, since, during’ ~ mn lwt ‘from the presence of, from’ Mt21.42 E5/
38v, Jn16.27 E5/79v; ~ mn ‘from’ E5; Ps24.9*; E27/54v19; E28/5r23. Phrases: cywn⇠ mc
‘since that (time)’ ~ mkyl ‘id.’ E24c1.82; *cywn⇠ [MS qywn+!] my⇠ mc r ‘since that day’ ~
mn ywm⌫ ‘from the day’ Col1.9 E32/2r; cywy⇠ ms qt ‘since (the time) that’ ~ mn d- ‘id.’
Lk24.21 E5/72r.
—Forms: mc⌫ E24c1.82; mc⌫r Col1.9 E32/2r; mrts⌫r E26/26r22*, 27r29*; E31r16*; ms⌫ E5;
E23.196; E27/23r12*, 54v19; E28/17r7; ms⌫r E26/30r34, 32r4; E28/5r24, 17r9*; mts⌫r
E23A22* (ed. mrts⌫[r, read mts(⌫)[r); E26; S mrts⌫r Ps24.9*.
mrtxmqy f. ‘humanity’ E28/128B25.
mrtxmy, mrtxm̈ , mrdxmy, S mrtxmy, mrtxm y m. ‘man, human, person’ ~ ⌫n(⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; ~
brn(⌫, pl. bnÿn(⌫ ‘id.’, lit. ‘son of man’ NT+; Creed 5*, 5; ~ np(⌫ ‘soul, person’ E27 (see BT
XII, 176); ~ gbr⌫ ‘man’ E28/23r9 (cf. 2 Samuel 17.7); ~ pl ⌫ ‘servant, soldier’ E29/8v8; ~ kl-
n( ‘everyone’ E27/57r13. The pl. mrtxmyt also translates ⌫n(wt⌫ ‘populace’ E27/60r30, 77r10;
sgÿ⌫⌫ ‘many’ E28/1v4; kn̈(⌫ ‘crowds’ E27/77r6. Phrases: mrtxm z t ‘Son of Man’ as a title
of Jesus ~ brh d-⌫n(⌫ ‘id.’ E5; E27/54v27; wyspw mrdxmy/mrtxmy ‘everyone’ ~ kl-n( ‘id.’
E23.250; E24c1.67, 86; E28/65r12* (–); wyspw mrtxmyt ‘id.’ E23.90f*, 211; xwny
mrt(x)[my qy] ‘that ma[n who]’ ~ h↵ ⌫yn⌫ d- ‘he who’ E27/14v21.—See also fry-mrtxmy,
*mrtxmy-ptxwyny.
—Forms: mrdxmy E24; E38B8; [mrt]x(m̈)⌫ E25/1r20; mrtxm✏ E5; E27; E28/4r25, 27v23;
mrtxm-y E27; mrtxm E28/68r13*, 109r24; mrtxmy Jn16.21 E5/79r; E23.219, 250; E26; E27;
E28; E29/6r1; E31r22; E35A2* (x2); nmrtxm✏ E27/94v13; acc. sg. mrtxmw E27; abl. sg.
mrtxm⌫ E27/39v2; voc. sg. mrtxm⌫ E27/48v26; E28/17r2, 4*; obl. [mr](txm✏y) Mt16.26 E5/
127r; pl. mrdxmyt E24; E29/2r7*; E34v12; mrtxm✏t E5; E27; E28/17v19; mrtxm-yt E27;
mrtxmyt Mt10.17 E5/75r; E23; E26; E27; E28/17v1*, 23f*; E29/1v1; E30/4v11f; E34v12;
obl. pl. mrtxm✏t E5; mrtxm✏ty Jn5.34 E5/41v* (Müller mrtxm✏t; the final -y is read by
Barbati 2016, 130), Tit3.2 E6/5r*; E27/52r13, 56r9, 61v22; mrtxm-yty E27; mrtxm ty
1Cor1.25 E6/12r; mrtxmyt Rom11.14 E6/5v*; mrtxmyt✏ E28/7v2; mrtxmyty E26; E27;
E28; E29/8v8; E30/3r9*; voc. pl. mrtxmyty ̤ E26/2v9*; mrtxmyty E26/31r32; S mrtxmy
Creed 5; 12600Iv3, IIr3; obl. pl. mrtxm⌫y-ty 12600IIv7; mrtxmyty Creed 5*; 12600Iv7*.
Abbreviated spellings: mrtx E28/1r18; mrtxm E28/1v5.
mrtxmync adj. ‘human’ E26/24r14 (≈ bnÿn(⌫ ‘men’).
mrtxmy-ptxw yny, *mrtxmy-ptxwyny m. ‘killer of men, murderer’: mrtxmy-ptxw⌫yny E28/
20r11 (~ q*l ⌫n(⌫ ‘id.’, cf. 1 Jn3.15); [mrtx]m(y)-p(t)[xwyny] E27/3r15 (~ q*wl⌫ d-bnÿn(⌫ ‘id.’).
mrty, S mrty m. ‘man, male’ ~ gbr⌫ ‘man’ NT+; Ps5.7*; ~ ἀνήρ ‘id.’ Ps34.9; ~ dkr⌫ ‘male’
Gal3.28 E6/3r; ~ ⌫n(⌫ ‘man, person’ E27/60r26.
—Forms: mrt E5; Gal3.28 E6/3r; E36/3v6; mrty Mt19.10 E2/2r*; Mt13.24 E5/109v*,
Mt21.33 E5/38r*; E23.80* (ed. mrt, restore mrt[y]); E24c1.66; E26; E27; E28/85v25; E30/
4r3; E36/2v14, 3r2; voc. sg. mrty⌫ E26; E28/9v25*; pl. mrtyt E26/14v20*; S mrty Ps5.7*,
34.9; 20223r4*.
mr⇠y, mr⇠, S m rt (Syr.) ‘M#rt, my lady’, honorific title of Mary the mother of Jesus: mr+ E30/
7v5; mr+y E30/2v2*; S m⌫rt 20227v5*.
mrwrwd GN ‘Marw-rod’ E24c3.30.
mrws vb. ‘to touch’ ~ g(( p al ‘id.’: 2 pl. impv. mrwst⌫ Lk24.39 E5/83r*.—Cf. pcmrws.
mrx- adj. ‘flat, plain, level’: nom. sg. m. (as acc.) mrx Jn1.23 E5/19r (mrx wn- ‘to make level’
~ (wy ap el ‘to level’); nom.-acc. sg. f. (as abl.) mrx⌫ E26/24r18 (pst⌫ mrx⌫ z⌫y ‘low-lying flat
land’ ~ pq⇡t⌫ ‘plain’); acc. sg. m. mrxw as adv. ‘plainly, clearly’ ~ (py⌫yt ‘id.’ E27/31v22.
mrxyl m. PN ‘Mirhay#l’ E27/1r23.
mry (Syr.) ‘M#r, my lord’, honorific title for a holy man: E8; E27/48r25; E28.—See also S
*mrysrkys.
mrym, S mry m, m ry m f. PN ‘Mary’: mrym Lk10.39, 42 E5/91r; E27/51v13, 57v11; E28/
20v19*; E30/2r9*, v2*; E36/1v9*; obl. mrymy E26/9r8; E30/1r7, v16*; S mry⌫m Creed 6;
12600IIv4*; obl. m⌫ry⌫my 20227v5*.
mrys m. PN ‘Marius’ (cf. Schmitt 2017, 232): mrys E27/77v6; mrys E27/77r16, v11.
S *mrysrkys, mr srkys m. PN ‘M#r Sargis’: mr srkys (on a terracotta plaque from Semirech’e,
see Yoshida 2019, 42 n. 45); mr(ys)rky[s] Cal4v4*.—Cf. mry, srgys.
mrzp ny m. ‘marzb#n, governor’ ~ mrzbn⌫ ‘id.’ E28/9v31.
ms, S ms adv. ‘also, too, even, moreover’ ~ ⌫p ‘id.’ NT+; Ps6.2, 19.12; ~ twb ‘again’ E27/23v26,
27r23, v6; ~ ⌫p + twb E28/5r20. Often inserted where there is no corresponding word in the
Syriac text. Phrases: ms c f ‘even if, although’ ~ ⌫pn ‘id.’ E27/31r13, 48r5, 66r4; E28/16v18f
(–); ms tym, tym ms ‘moreover’ E11.4*; E26/14r15; E28/7r20 (~ w- ‘and’), 13A6, 18*,
68r9; ms z m ‘even’ ~ ⌫pn ‘id.’ E28/7v3, 18v28 (–); with neg. ‘not even’ ~ ⌫p-l⌫ ‘id.’ E27;
E28/12r12*; ~ w-l⌫ twb ‘nor yet’ E28/3r21.
—Forms: ms passim; S ms Ps6.2, 19.12, 33.9; Frg18.6. Combined: ⌫tms E26/16r3*, 24r9*;
E28; qtms E26/23v27; qyms E28/3v19; S rtms Ps33.9; rtyms O2497.3.
ms⌫, ms⌫r: see mrts⌫r.
mstq ry adj. ‘intoxicating’ E29/5r3*, 10.
msty, S *msty adj. ‘intoxicated’. Only in the phrases msty b- ‘to become intoxicated’ ~ rwy p al
‘id.’ E28/12v11; msty wn-, S m[sty kwn-] ‘to make intoxicated’ ~ rwy ap el ‘to intoxicate’
Ps23.5; E28/12v15.
—Forms: msty E28/12v15; pl. mst✏t E28/12v11; S m[sty] Ps23.5.
msydr, S m sy↵r, msy↵ r m. ‘presbyter, priest’ ~ q(y(⌫ ‘id.’ E27/64v26*, 68v22*.
—Forms: msydr E12/1r3, 2r13, v4; pl. msydrd E24c3.33, 55, 68; msydrt E27/64v26*, 68v22*
(restore [msyd]rt, not [dynd⌫]rt as in ed., see Cat., 117, and Brock–Sims-Williams 2011, 91);
E30/1v4; S msy⌫r DTS F1; Khum 4 (ed. msyr); obl. m⌫syry DTS G20.
m⌫ (Syr.) ‘(consecrated) oil’ E12/2r13.
m(n+: see my(nt.
m(pn: see ⌫(pn.
m(t⌫y: see ⌫(t⌫y.
m⌫y (Syr.) ‘Messiah, Christ’ ~ m(y ⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; ~ y(w⇡ m(y ⌫ ‘Jesus Christ’ Rom6.3 E32/1r; ~
y(w⇡ ‘Jesus’ E26/23v12; E27/12r29; ~ mrn ‘Our Lord’ E26/29r7, 31v31; E27/57r33*(?); ~ ⌫lh⌫
‘God’ E25/1r21.—Phrase xwt w m⌫y ‘the Lord Christ’ ~ mrn ‘Our Lord’ E23.66.—Cf.
y(w m(y⇠⌫.
—Forms: m(y⇠⌫ passim; obl. m(y⇠⌫ Gal3.27 E6/3r; E36/1v13; m(y⇠⌫y E26/13v9*, 31v31;
E28/16r9, 26B9; E36/3v11. Combined: m(y⇠⌫n⌫m E26/26v12*; y(w m(y⇠⌫ (see separate
entry).
m(y⇠⌫n⌫m = m(y⇠⌫ + 1n⌫m.
m(yp: see ⌫(yp.
m⇠p r adv. ‘here, in this world’ E28/15r2, 42B5*(?); E31v10*.
mts⌫r: see mrts⌫r.
*mtwny (Syr.) ‘genuflexion, obeisance’: obl. mtwn E28/36v10; mtwny E29/5r5.
m⇠y m. PN ‘Matthew’ Lk6.15 E5/91v.
*mwdw: see mdw.
mwdy noun ‘price’ E26/1r21.
mw -: see m w.
mw ny adj. ‘magian’: f. mw ⌫nc E27/1r24 (~ d-mgw(wt⌫ ‘of magianism’).
mw dyn f. ‘magian religion’: obl. mw dyn✏ E27/4v4.
mw qty m. ‘magian house’ ~ byt ywlpn⌫ ‘school’: m[w qty] E27/1r25; acc. sg. mw qtw E27/
1v17, 29 (–).
mw ptw m. ‘mobed’ ~ mwhp*⌫/mwp*⌫ ‘id.’ E27.
mw y q f. ‘magianism’ ~ mgw(wt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/1v23, 24, 27 (–).
mwnw, S mwnw dem. adj. and pron., acc. sg. m. and nom.-acc. sg. n. ‘this’ ~ hn⌫/hd⌫ ‘id.’ E27;
E28/5v28. In E29/6r11 exceptionally used as nom. sg. m. and gen. sg. m.
—Forms: mwn↵ E27/68v31; mwnw E26/12r14*, 16v9, 23r9*; E27; E28; E29; E31v15;
E35B10; S mwnw Ps5.7*.
mwrsty pp. ‘moistened, drenched’: f. mwrstc E27/14v20 (passive mwrstc b- ‘to be moistened,
drenched’ ~ )b⇡ etp el ‘id.’).
mwrt-: see myr-, mwrty.
mwrt wy m. ‘deadness, mortality’: acc. sg. mwrt⌫↵ E27/126r28 (~ mytwt⌫ ‘id.’); abl. sg.
[mw](r)t⌫w⌫ E27/Dv3.
mwrt -⇡wnty m. ‘resurrecting the dead’: E29/6r1, 3, v13, 22 (MS mwrt⌫-,wnt!).—Cf. ,wnty.
mwrty, mwr̈t , S mwrty pp. as adj. ‘dead, lifeless’ and m. noun ‘dead (man)’ ~ mwt p al pass.
pt. ‘id.’ Jn5.25 E5/41r; Creed 10*; E23.83, 284; E28/2ar14, 10v17*; ~ mwt p al act. pt.
‘dying’ E27/68v24; ~ ⇡nyd⌫ ‘departed, deceased’ E27/77v16. Itr. pf. mwr̈t⌫ x- ‘to be dead, die’
~ mwt p al ‘to die’ Rom6.7 E32/1v.—Cf. myr-/mwrt-.
—Forms: mwr̈t⌫ Rom6.7 E32/1v; mwrt✏ E27/51r18; mwrty E23.83, 284; E26/4r13; E28/
10v17*, 18r30; E29/6r5, 13, 18; E36/1r2*; voc. sg. mwrt⌫ E27/68v24; pl. mwrt✏t Jn5.25
E5/41r; E27/54r29; mwrtyt E20v9; obl. pl. mwrt✏ty E27/77v16; mwrtyty E28/2ar14, 128B27;
S pl. mwrtyt Creed 10*.
mwrty-d m, mwr̈t -d m noun ‘realm of the dead’ ~ byt mÿt⌫ ‘house/place of the dead’ Lk24.46
E5/83v; Rom6.4 E32/1r, Rom6.9 E32/1v*; ~ (ywl ‘Sheol, underworld’ E27/60v3; ~ l-t t mn
⌫r⇡⌫ ‘under the earth’ E26/23v15f*.
—Forms: mwr̈t⌫-d⌫m Rom6.4 E32/1r, Rom6.9 E32/1v*; mwrty-d⌫m E27/51v3*, 4*; E29/6r17;
obl. mwrt✏-d⌫m Lk24.46 E5/83v; mwrty-d⌫my E26/23v15f*; E27/60v3.
*mwry f. ‘tunnel’ ~ ll⌫ ‘cave, tunnel’: pl. (m)[wr](y)t E26/24r21.
mw⌫ m. PN ‘Moses’: mw(⌫ Jn9.28, 29 E5/101r; E26/16r2; E27/55r20, 22; E28/23r2, 3; E29/1r1,
v4, 6, 2r3; E36/1v1, 3r1; obl. mw(⌫ Mt17.4 E5/127v*; E26/16r10; m[w(⌫y] Lk24.44 E5/83v.
mwx⌫y: see ⌫wx⌫y.
mwx⌫q- m. ‘mosquito’, perhaps also ‘bee’(?): mwx(qy gen.(?) sg. E39.1*.
mwxy: see 2⌫wxy.
mwy,: see 3⌫wy,.
mwz: see ⌫wz.
mw⇡tybrqy f. ‘Gospel’: mw,t✏brqy⌫ Lk1.1 title E4 (~ ⌫wnglywn ‘id.’), E27/55r24 (~ sbrt⌫ ‘id.’);
mw,tybrqy⌫ E27/54v13 (~ id.); E28/128A30*.
mw⇡ty-bryny adj. ‘bringing (good) news, of the Gospel’ E28/4v27 (mw,ty-bryny pwsty ‘book
which brings (good) news’ ~ ⌫wnglywn ‘Gospel’).
mw⇡ty-cy q, m⇡dwc q f. ‘Gospel’: mw,ty-cy⌫q E29/5v9; m,dwc⌫q E24c1.96 (~ ⌫wnglywn
‘id.’).—See BT XXXII, 103.
mx q r, mx qr (name of an idol) ‘Mah#k#la’: mx⌫q⌫r E23.243; obl. mx⌫qry E23.238 (~ ⌫plw
‘Apollo’, perhaps understood as Ἀπολλύων ‘the Destroyer’, see BST I, 26-9).
mxwb: see ⌫xwb.
mxz: see ⌫xz.
my, S my 1st pers. pron., obl. sg. encl. ‘me, to me, my’ ~ -y ‘id.’, -ny ‘me’, ly ‘me, to me’ Ps;
E26/24v31; E27; E29/2v8* (cf. Ps2.7).—Cf. -m.
—Forms: ṃ̇y E26/24v31; m E28/16v16; my E23.336; E24c3.19 (x2); E27; E28/15v1*; E29/
2v8*, 4r3; S my Ps5.9, 6.2, 51.5*. Combined: ⌫tmy E28/104B7; qtmy E26/16v9; S ⌫tmy Ps6.2,
5*.
my⌫m: see 2⌫y⌫m.
myc: see ⌫dyqmyc.
mycryn: see mcryn.
mycy⌫: see s⌫cy-mycy⌫.

1
myd, 1my⇠, S m y↵ adv. ‘so, thus’ E26; E29/2r6, 3r7; Frg18.6; especially (i) with correlative
c⌫nw E26/3r14; E27/23r10 (~ hkn ‘so’)—see also separate entry mydc⌫nw; (ii) before a
predic. adj. or equivalent E27/22r16 (~ ⌫yk d- ‘as’), 68r18 (m-yd pr spynt⌫ ‘in irons’, lit. ‘thus
in irons’ ~ bḣ b-((lth ‘in his fetters’), 69r19, 30 (~ kd ‘while’), 91r10; E28/23v17; (iii) before
a verb of speaking, writing, wishing etc. (without equivalent in Syriac), passim.
—Forms: m✏d E27/22r16, 23r10, 27r27; m-yd E27; myd E10/2B3*; E25/1r16, 3B2*; E26;
E27/69r19; E28/8r2*, 11r3, 76r30; E29; m✏+ Mt17.5 E5/127v; my+ E26; E28/23r10, v17;
E29/4r4, 8r3, 11*; S m⌫y Frg18.6.
2
myd, 2my⇠ dem. adj. ‘this, these’, acc. sg. and pl. ~ hd⌫ ‘this’ E27/26v5*, 69v24. Phrases: myd
y⌫t/ yct ‘these things’ ~ hlyn ‘these (things)’ E27; ≈ -ḣ ‘her’ E27/65v28; ~ hlyn bÿ(t⌫ ‘these
evils’ E28/7r20; m⇢yd w x⌫t ‘these words’ ~ hlyn E27/12r6.
—Forms: m✏d E27/25r8*, 65v28; m-yd E27; myd E27/26v5*; E28/7r20, 48r30*; my+ E28/
118B3.
3
myd, S my: see 3my+.
myd n, mydy n, mdy n, S m↵y n (i) noun ‘middle, waist’ ~ m)⇡t⌫ ‘middle’ E27/39r12; ~ )⌫ ‘hip,
waist’ Lk12.35 E5/130r; (ii) (mostly obl.) as postp. ‘amidst, among, between’ ~ bynt/byt ‘id.’
E5; E24c1.45, c2.5; E26/29r8, 31v7, 32r16; E27; ~ b-m)⇡t ‘amidst’ E27/31r19; ~ b-gw
‘within’ Ps5.10; E26/31v1; E27/22v15; ~ b- ‘in, upon’ E26/31r29; E27/23v26, 68r11; also
‘(immediately) upon, at (the moment of)’ ~ ⇡m ‘id.’ E26/27v17 (see BT XXXV, 151).
—Forms: myd⌫n E24c1.45 (MS mydn!), c2.5; E26/31r26, 28; E27/22v15, 39r12; E28/25B1;
obl. mdy⌫ny E30/1r16*; E34v15; m d⌫n Mt10.16 E5/75r, Lk16.15 E5/48v, Jn1.26 E5/19r;
m d⌫[ny] Mt21.38 E5/38v; myd⌫n Lk24.36 E5/83r, Jn9.16 E5/100v*; myd⌫ny E25/1v11;
E26; E27; E28/69B14; E29/5v16; E30/6r14*; E33A4*; mydẏ⌫n Jn20.19 E5/76v; pl. myd⌫nt
Lk12.35 E5/130r; S obl. my⌫ny Ps5.10.
myd ncyq adj. ‘intermediate’: myd⌫ncyq E27/31v24 (~ m)⇡y⌫ ‘id.’); pl. myd⌫ncyqt E27/57v27.
myd ncyqy f. ‘mediation, means’ E18r8 (≈ m)⇡y⌫ ‘mediator’); E26/23v23; E28.
mydc nw, myd c nw, my⇠c nw, my⇠ c nw, S m y↵ c nw, my-↵ c n kw adv. and conj. ‘just as, as,
as if, like’ ~ ⌫yk d- ‘as’ E27; E28/3r9 (x2), 8v12; ~ ⌫yk ‘as, like’ Ps19.6; E28/2av11, 3r19, 25;
E29/4r13 (cf. Dan2.40); ~ b-dmwt ‘in the likeness of’ E28/9r30*.
—Forms: m✏d c⌫nw E27; E28/18v29; m-yd c⌫nw E27/22r5, 23v4; myd c⌫nw E19r3*, 3f*; E27/
24r5*, er3*; E28; E35A3; mydc⌫nw E26; E28; E29; my+ c⌫nw E28/55A4, 93A4*; my+c⌫nw
E26/1r10; S m⌫y c⌫nw Ps19.6; my- c⌫n⌫kw 20223v3.
S mykry: see my+qry.
mydn E24c1.45: mistake for myd⌫n.
my noun ‘fog, smoke, gloom’: m-y E27/40v1 (~ ⇡m*n⌫ ‘blackness, gloom’); m E28/109r21*;
my E26/2v17; E28/19r4*.
myq: see dw⌫ts-myq.
myk m. PN ‘Micah’: ymyk⌫ E27/94v24.
myk yl (name of an angel) ‘Michael’ E23.115; E27/60v12, 15*, 19.
mylys m. PN ‘Miles’ E28/9.
myms: see ⌫yms.
1
myn, S myn vb. ‘to dwell, remain, stay, be’ ~ ⇡mr p al ‘to dwell’ Hymn 8; E23.247; E27/7r27*;
E28/4r26; ~ (ry p al ‘id.’ E26/28r23*(?); ~ dwr pa el ‘id.’ E27/48r20; ~ hwy p al ‘to be’
Gal4.3 E6/3v; ~ h (3rd person pron. used as copula) E26/32v3; ≈ ⇡mwr̈⌫ ‘dwellers, inhab-
itants’ Ps24.1. Phrase S myn pr ↵ys ‘to remain in place’ ~ ⇡mr p al Ps5.12.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. m✏nnt E27/48r20; m-ynnt E27/Nr2*(?); 1 pl. pres. dur. m✏nym-sqwn
E27/7r27*; 3 pl. pres. dur. mynntq E26/32v3; 1 pl. #z-impf. m n⌫z m Gal4.3 E6/3v; 2 sg. opt.
mynyy E30/4r18; 3 sg. opt. m✏n✏ E28/4r26; m-yn✏ E27/51r20; 1 pl. opt. m✏n✏m E28/20v17;
3 sg. subj. (m)[yn](⌫)[t] E26/28r23; m-ynt E27/51r5; 2 sg. impv. m✏n E27/48v27; E28/60A4;
m-yn E27/51v21; myn E26/1r4, 7; pres. inf. pr m-yn E27/48v14; dur. pt. mynsq E23.254;
mynsyq E23.247; mynyq E24c1.88 (mynyqwm⌫+n+); S 3 sg. pres. m[y](n)t Ps24.1; 1 pl. opt.
mynym Hymn 8; 2 sg. impv. myn Ps5.12. [Pres. pt. mynny, S mynny: see separate entry].
2
myn vb. ‘to resemble’ ~ dmy p al ‘id.’ E27/31v15, 77v5*, E28/7v22*. In E27/54v18 ny m-ynt
‘did not resemble’ translates nwkry hw⌫ ‘was foreign (to)’.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. m✏nt E27/31v15; m-ynt E27/54v18 (not impf. mid., see Sims-Williams
1996, 178-9 n. 17); 3 sg. pres. dur. myntq E28/7v22*; 3 pl. impf. m[y](n)[nt] E27/77v5.
myn- / myn t, m nt vb. ‘to think, consider, imagine’ ~ sbr p al ‘id.’ E27/108v10; ~ (b etpa al
‘to think’ E27/77r15*. Passive myn⌫ty/m✏nty b- ‘to be thought, be considered’ ~ sbr etp el
‘id.’ E28/2ar7, 3r9*.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. dur. mynnt E27/108v10; 3 pl. #z-impf. (m-yn⌫)[znt] E27/77r15; pres.
inf.(?) pr myny E26/20A3*; pp. myn⌫ty E28/3r9; m✏nty E28/2ar7.
myn bry adj. ‘powerful’ E29/4r16.
myn mnty m. ‘dwelling’ ~ m⇡mr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/13v26; E28/4v20f* (rest.!), 12v14; ~ ⇡wmr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/
126v30; ~ dwyr⌫ ‘id.’ E28/2ar15.
—Forms: m-yn⌫mnt✏ E27/126v30; myn⌫mnty E26/3v2*; E28/2ar15, 4v20f*, 12v14; acc. sg.
m✏n⌫mnt↵ E27/48v12; myn⌫mnt↵ E27/13v26 (as nom.!).
mync: suffix forming adjectives, often written as a separate word.
mynny, S mynny pres. pt. as m. noun ‘dweller, inhabitant, settler’ ~ ⇡mwr⌫ ‘id.’: pl. mynn-yt
E27/104v9; mynnyt E27/54r23; obl. pl. m✏nn✏ty E27/104v8*; m-ynnyty E27/104v9*; S pl.
mynnytw Ps33.8*.—Cf. 1myn.
myny: see 1myn, myn-, tmb⌫r-myny.
mynyqwm⌫+n+ = mynyq (see 1myn) + wm⌫+n+ (see x-).
myr- / mwrt-, S mwrt- vb. ‘to die’ ~ mwt p al ‘id.’ Rom6.2 E32/1r, Rom6.8*, 9 E32/1v; E27;
E28/3v18; ~ (kb p al ‘to fall asleep’ (as a euphemism for ‘die’) E27/60r4. With neg. ‘not to
die’ ~ yy p al ‘to live’ E27/69v10.
—Forms: 1 sg. fut. myrng⌫n E26/16v23; myrnq⌫ E27/66v16*; 2 sg. fut. myr-yq⌫ E27/66v13; 3
sg. fut. myrtyq⌫ Rom6.9 E32/1v; myrtyq⌫n E26/5v6; E28/129B5; 1 pl. fut. myrymq⌫ E27/60v1;
2 pl. fut. myrt⌫q⌫ E27/69v10; 3 sg. impf. myr⌫ E26/14r7, 12*, 15v11; E27/60r4; E36/1v16*; 3
sg. opt. myry E28/3v18; 1 sg. subj. myr⌫n E27/66v17; 3 sg. subj. myr⌫t E29/6v9*; E30/6v2; 2
sg. itr. pret. [mwr]ty( E28/15r5; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. mwrty E26/25v12*(?); E29/4v7; 1 pl. itr.
pret. mwrtym⌫ Rom6.2 E32/1r, Rom6.8 E32/1v*; [pres. pt. myryny and pp. mwrty, S mwrty:
see separate entries]. Unclear: myr[ E49.5*.
myr⇢ynqy f. ‘mortality’ E27/51v10.
myryny pres. pt. as m. noun ‘mortal’: voc. sg. myr-yn⌫ E27/51v9*; pl. m-yr✏nyt E27/57v6 (~
mywt⌫ ‘id.’).—Cf. myr-, n⌫-myryny.
m ⌫ f. ‘sheep, ewe’ ~ nqy⌫ ‘id.’ E27/12r12.
S *my⌫⌦w yc (Sogdian name of a month): my(⌘w [yc] Cal6v2.—Cf. S ⌘w yc.
my⌫nt, my⌫n⇠, m⌫n⇠ dem. adj. and pron., pl. ‘these’ ~ hlyn ‘id.’ Mt25.46 E5/127r; E26/24v27;
~ h wn ‘those’ E24c1.34; ~ h yn ‘they’ (f.) E26/29r4; ~ lhwn ‘them’ E24c2.17; my(n+ qy
‘these who’ ~ ⌫n(⌫ ⌫ylyn d- ‘those men who’ E24c2.18.
—Forms: m(n+ E24c3.39; m✏(nt Mt25.46 E5/127r; my(nt E26/16r3*, 29r4, 32v2; E28/12r21;
my(n+ E24c1.34, c2.18; obl. my(nty E26/24v27; my(n+y E24c2.17.
my⌫prq t E27/Bv28*. Unidentified word, perhaps a noun ‘sheepfold’?
my(t: see *nyzny-myc, tmp⌫rmync.
†myt E23.92, 158: read mnt; †m✏t E36/3r6: read m(n)t, see mnt-wrnqy⌫.
1,2
my+: see 1,2myd, mydc⌫nw.
3
my⇠, 3myd, S my↵ m. ‘day’ ~ ywm⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps19.3 (x2), 23.6; Creed 7, 8; ~ ⌫ymm⌫ ‘daytime’
E26/31r26; E27/55v26, 94r20; E28/7v8. Phrases: nwr(y)cyq my⇠ ‘the present day’ E23.135;
E28/10v14 (~ ywmn⌫ ‘today’); E33A8; [yw m⇢y⇠] ... yw m⇢y⇠ ... ‘one day ... one day ...’ ~
ywm⌫ ... ywm⌫ ... ‘(one) day ... (another) day ...’ E27/31r1.—Cf. bt⌫-m✏+.
—Forms: m-yd E27/87r7; m d E28/85r28; myd E26/24v16 (1st myd); E30/5v15; m✏+ E5;
E27; E28/9v5; E36/2r6; m-y+ E27; my+ E5; Col1.9 E32/2r; E8v8; E23.135, 166, 275;
E24c3.57; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/2r8; E33A8; E36/1v4; E42B1*, 6; obl. m✏+ Lk10.35
E5/91r, Jn1.29, 35 E5/19v; m✏+y E27; m-y+y E27; m[y+] Mt17.1 E5/127v; my+y Lk24.46
E5/83v*; E26/2r27, 12r9, 31r26; E28; E40r2*, 8*, v1; E42B8; pl. m✏+t Lk1.75 E5/6v; E27/
11r28, 25r9, 87v6; E28/3v10; m-y+t E27/48v28, 77v10; my+t E27/1v21*; my+yt E26/2v20,
36A3*(?); obl. pl. m-y+ty E27/64r22*; my+yty E26/14v14*; S my Ps19.3 (x2), Cal4v3*
(xymy); obl. myy Creed 8; pl. myt Ps23.6, Creed 7.
my+c⌫nw: see mydc⌫nw.
my⇠qry, S my↵kry m., usually pl. ‘days, period’ ~ ywm̈⌫/yẅmt⌫ ‘days’ Lk6.12 E5/91v; Ps33.0;
E24c1.16; E26/30r14; E27/1r26*; ~ zbn⌫ ‘time’ E26/25r17, 26.—Cf. qry⌫.
—Forms: my+qry E24c1.16; pl. m✏+qr✏t Lk6.12 E5/91v; my+qryt E26/25r17, 30r14; E27/
1r26*; E29/1v4; obl. pl. my+qryty E26/25r26; S mykry Ps33.0.
mytr pwlyt , mytrpwlyt (Syr.) ‘metropolitan’: mytr⌫pwlyt⌫ E26/13r6*, v4*; mytrpwlyt⌫ E27/
56r32*.
1
my⇠y m. ‘person’, in phrase fwx⌫r my+y ‘blessed man, saint’: E26/30r15 (~ *wbn⌫ ‘id.’); E28/
7r4 (~ id.), 9r11* (~ sb⌫ ‘old man’), v30; E30/4v17.
2
my+y: see 3my+.
myw noun ‘tiger’ E41.9*.
myxy m. PN ‘Mikhay’(?) E22.5.
mz⌫n: see ⌫z⌫n.
mz d: see ⌫z d.
mzmwr- (Syr.) ‘psalm’: acc. sg. mzmwr⌫ E29/2v7; pl. mzmwrt E27/31v17; E28/77r27; obl. pl.
mzmwrty Lk24.44 E5/83v*(?) ((m)[zmwrty pws]ty(t) ‘the books of the Psalms’ ~ mzmwr̈⌫
‘the Psalms’); E27/31v27; E28/2ar3*(?) ([mzmwr]ty sp⌫s ‘service of the Psalms’ ~ mzmwr⌫
‘Psalm’).
mzprt: see mntzprt.
mzr noun ‘district’(?): obl. pl. mzr⌫ty E26/12r4.
mzy tr compar. adj. ‘greater’: pl. mzy⌫trt E27/31v24 (~ f. pl. rwr̈bn ‘great, greater’); E28/16v14.
mz n adj. ‘armoured’ E28/12v1 (mz✏n ptmync ‘to clothe in armour’ ~ zyn pa el ‘to arm’),
36v3.
mzyx adj. ‘great’ ~ rb⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.19; E26/27v6, 31v33; E27; E28/5v24; ~ f. pl. rwr̈bt⌫ ‘id.’
E24c1.92; E27/77v14; ~ sgy⌫⌫ ‘much’ E27/60r4, 94r17; E28/3r8*; ~ kl ‘all’ E28/5r30; ≈ sgy
rwrb⌫yt ‘very greatly’ E27/12v8; ≈ rbwt⌫ ‘greatness’ E27/61v19. Phrase mzyx xw⌫ywny
‘great king’ ~ mlk m̈lk⌫ ‘king of kings’ E27/23r25; ~ mlk⌫ ‘king’ E27/25r2f, 77v13.—See also
c -mzyx.
—Forms: mz✏x Lk16.15 E5/48v (deleted); E27; mz-yx E27/7v25, 51r20; mzyx E20v4, 10*;
E23.125; E24; E25/1v21; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/1r15, 2r1*; E34v6, 7*; pl. [mzy](x)t E28/
3r8.
mzyx-s q adj. ‘great, important’ E8r7f; E28/23r1.
mzyxs qy f. ‘greatness, importance’ ~ rbwt⌫ ‘id.’: mzyxs⌫qy⌫ E27/6v15, 69v15f, 86r4*; obl.
mzyxs⌫qy⌫y E28/109v[m]* (–).
mzyxy f. ‘greatness’ ~ rbwt⌫ ‘id.’ Col1.11 E32/2v; E26/23v18, 27r32 (mzyxy⌫s⌫r).
mzyxy⌫s⌫r = mzyxy⌫ + s⌫r.
*m⇡-, S *m - f. ‘eyelid’: nom. sg. [m⇣-](⌫) Ps11.4 (~ tmr̈⌫ ‘eyelids’).
m,⌫w: see ⌫,⌫w.
m,dwc⌫q: see mw,ty-cy⌫q.
n-: see 2wyny.
1
n , S n prohibitive adv. ‘not’ ~ l⌫ ‘not’ E5+; Ps6.2 (x2), 34.14.
—Forms: n⌫ E5; E19v1*; E23.178, 179, 271; E24c2.17, c3.7; E25/1r22; E26; E27; E28; E29;
E30; S n⌫ Ps6.2 (x2), 34.14.
2
n⌫: neg. prefix, often written as a separate word.
n̈⌫: see ny.
n - xwd wny f. ‘lack of zeal’ E27/52v7.—Cf. ⌫xwd⌫wny⌫.
n⌫b, S n⌫⌘cy⌫: see n⌫f, *n⌫fcy⌫.
n bxt interjection ‘God forbid!’ Rom6.2 E32/1r (~ s ‘id.’); E27/69v28.—The literal meaning of
the Sogdian expression is ‘(May it) not (be) fated!’.
n cr yq adj. ‘Nazarene’ ~ n)ry⌫ ‘id.’: voc. sg. m. n⌫c[r]⌫yq⌫ E23.249.
*n -d tcyq adj. ‘unjust’: pl. n⌫(-d⌫)[tcyqt] E28/27r17.
n -d st adj. ‘unbuilt’ E36/1r6, 10.—Cf. dys.
n f, n b noun ‘people, nation, folk’ ~ ⇡m⌫ ‘people’ E26/25v26, 26v18; ~ ⌫n(⌫ ‘men’ E26/24r25; ~
gns⌫ ‘race’ E23.183. Used in phrases designating professions (see BT XXXV, 180f): m y
⌫qryny(t) n f, n wy ⌫qryny(t) n f(t) ~ ⌫lpr̈⌫ ‘sailors’ E25/1r15*, v14*; E26/30r18, 23f*;
sxntqryt n f(t) ~ mÿms⌫ ‘jesters’ E26/24r29*, 25r1.
—Forms: n⌫b E26/25v26; n⌫f E19v4*; E25/1r15*, v14*; E26; E27/11r20, 12r7*; obl. n⌫fy
E26/27v6; E27/12v2*, 13r22; pl. n⌫ft E23.183; E26; E29/4v16, 20, 6v13; obl. pl. n⌫fty E26/
24r29*.
n⌫fc: see w ⌫mn⌫fc.
*n fcy , S n ⌦cy f. ‘nation, country’: (n)⌫(f)[cy⌫] E27/11r22 (~ ⌫tr⌫ ‘place, country’); S n⌫⌘cy⌫
Ps20.1.
n frqyn adj. ‘not negligent’ E19v3*.
*n -ftyrcyq adj. ‘not passing away’: n⌫[-f](ty)rcyq E27/57v7.
*n -ftyryny adj. ‘id.’: n⌫-[ftyr]yny E29/4r23f.
n rb t adj. ‘unknown’ E26/3v10.
n - w ncyq adj. ‘unnecessary’: + b- ‘to be unnecessary’ ~ l⌫ + ( p al ‘id.’ E28/12r14.
*n -q m adj. ‘not desiring’: [n⌫-q]⌫m E27/27r10 (~ l⌫ + )by etp el ‘not to be pleased (with)’).—Cf.
2
q⌫m.
n qty, n ⇥t m. ‘silver, money’ ~ ksp⌫ ‘id.’ Lk16.14 E5/48v, Lk19.23 E5/125v; E26; ~ s⌫m⌫
‘silver’ E26/25v15; E27/102r18* (rest.!).
—Forms: n⌫⌅t⌫ E26/2r5*, 28r6; n⌫qt✏ Lk16.14 E5/48v, Lk19.23 E5/125v; n⌫qty E26; E27/
51r18; acc. sg. n⌫qtw E27/51r21, 102r18*.
1
n m, S n m m. ‘name, reputation’ ~ (m⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; Ps5.12. Phrases: n m wsty ‘to put a name’ ~
(my pa el ‘to name’ Lk6.13, 14 E5/91v; pr m⌫y n m ‘(baptism) in the name of Christ’ ~ b-
(±y(w⇡) m(y ⌫ ‘in (Jesus) Christ’ Gal3.27 E6/3r; Rom6.3 E32/1r. Other examples of an
inserted n⌫m, without Syr. equivalent: cn wyny n⌫m pyd⌫r ‘for His name’s sake’ ~ m*lth ‘on
His account’ E26/31v32; cn m⌫x xyp+⌫wnty n⌫my pyd⌫r ‘for the sake of the name of Our Lord’
~ lp mrh ‘for the sake of His Lord’ E28/9v14.
—Forms: n⌫m E5; Gal3.27 E6/3r; Rom6.3 E32/1r; E10/1r2; E23.67, 71, 74, 20A3(?);
E24c1.47*, 64, c3.44; E25/1v12; E26; E27; E28/2av15, 22B7; E29; E45r12*; obl. n⌫my E27/
57v6, 64v22*; E28/9v14, 24B26*; pl. n⌫mt E27/3r11*; S n⌫m Ps5.12; 20222bv9. Combined:
m(y⇠⌫n⌫m E26/26v12*.
2
n m vb. ‘to be named’: 3 sg. #z-impf. n⌫m⌫z E27/1r17* (~ (mh h ⌫ ‘his name was’?), 18* (~ qry
etp el ‘to be called’?), 94r12 (~ (mh h ⌫).
n mcyq adj. ‘famous’: n⌫mcyq E26/28v2 (~ (mh pa el pt. ‘id.’); pl. n⌫mcy[qt] E25/1v15 (~ b r
p al pass. pt. ‘approved, renowned’).
n mq⇢yn adj. ‘famous’ E27/60r25 (~ d-⌫yt hw⌫ ⇡lwhy (m⌫ ‘who had renown’).
n⌫mntw E27/51v24: see qrwn⌫mnty.
n mr wy m. ‘sweetness’: n⌫mr⌫w-y E27/31v19 (~ lywt⌫ ‘id.’); (n⌫)mr⌫(w)[y] E28/59A7.—Cf.
nmr-, *nmrtr-, nmry⌫q, w⌫n⌫mry, S nmry-str.
n -myryny adj. ‘undying, immortal’ ~ l⌫ mywt⌫ ‘id.’: n⌫-myryny E18r5f*; f. n⌫-myr-ync E27/
57v9*.
n -n w⌫ny adj. ‘disobedient’ ~ l⌫ mt*pysn⌫ ‘id.’: acc. sg. m. n⌫-n w(n↵ E27/69v27.
n -npx⌫t adj. ‘unwritten’ E36/1r5*, 8.
n -pcm rcyq adj. ‘inconsiderable, trivial’ ~ l⌫ + (b p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E28/14r9.
*n -prty adj. ‘not guilty, innocent’: only acc. sg. m. in phrase *n⌫-prtw + wn- ‘to make innocent’
E27/51v19*, 56r5* (~ zky pa el ‘to acquit’).
n -ptm qcyq adj. ‘immeasurable’ ~ l⌫ mttkyln⌫ ‘id.’ E28/7r21.
n -pt⌫ty n adj. ‘inconstant’: pl. n⌫-pt(ty⌫nt E27/40r11 (~ l⌫ + qwm pa el pass. pt. ‘id.’), 12 (~ d-l⌫
qwm⌫ ‘without standing still’).
n -pxw⌫t adj. ‘not drawn (from a well)’ E36/1v5*, 10*.—Cf. px(n.
*n⇢ rwn m. PN ‘Nero’: n-⌫(r)[wn] E27/56v4*.
n -rw ⌫t adj. ‘unspun’ E36/1v6, 11.
n s noun ‘corruption’ E26/2r18; E27/91r10 (~ mwm⌫ ‘blemish’).
n ṩt adj. ‘not having arisen’ E26/3v11.—Cf. sn-/st-.
n ⌫⌥r wzy m. ‘ill-wisher’ ~ sn⌫⌫ ‘hater, enemy’: obl. pl. n⌫( r wz✏t Lk1.71 E5/6r.—Cf.
(yrxwzy.
n -tmp rmync adj. ‘incorporeal’ ~ l⌫ + g(m pa el pass. pt. ‘id.’: pl. n⌫-tmp⌫rmy(-t E28/5v20*.—
Cf. tmp⌫rmync.
n trs q noun ‘non-Christian’, i.e. ‘Manichaean’: obl. n⌫trs⌫qy E26/3v19.—Cf. trs⌫q.
n w, nw noun ‘ship, boat’ ~ spynt⌫ ‘id.’ Jn21.6 E5/80v; ~ ⌫lp⌫ ‘id.’ E26/30r35; E27/31v23, 87v6,
8. Phrase n wy ⌫qryny(t) n f(t), lit. ‘ship-steering people’ ~ ⌫lpr̈⌫ ‘sailors’ E26/30r18, 23f*.
—Forms: n⌫w E27/31v23; obl. n⌫w Jn21.6 E5/80v; n⌫wy E26; n↵y E27/87v6; nwy E27/
87v8.
n⌫wc: see *n⌫ywq.
n -wft adj. ‘unwoven’ E36/1v6f, 11*.
n wqt[ (unknown word) E43B1*.
n -wyn wcyq adj. ‘invisible’ E23.277*; E26/2v2.—Cf. wyn⌫wcyq.
n -wyt adj. ‘unseen’ E36/1r12.—Cf. 2wyn/wyt.
n x adv., only in the phrases wnw n x ‘that is, namely, that is to to say’ (introducing an explan-
ation) ~ hnw (±dyn) ‘id.’ E26/3v2 (–); E27/40r21, 61r20; E28/3v25, 72A2* (–); xyd n x ‘id.’
E28/33A9*, B4*, 36r14f*, 118A9*, 128A22, B23; w nc nw xyd n x ‘as if’ ~ ⌫yk h↵ d- ‘id.’
E28/14r14.
n xyd f. PN ‘N#h⌃d’: n⌫xyd E27/12v11, 12; obl. n⌫xydy E27/12v9.
1
n y, S 1n y interjection and adv. ‘lo, behold; now’: n⌫y ~ h⌫ ‘id.’ E5; E26/23v28, 24r13; E27;
E28/8r24; S n⌫y 20222bv6.
S *2n y (unclear word, part of a phrase translating zw⇡ ap el ‘to shake, disturb’, see BT XXXII,
46-7) Ps29.8.
*n ywq adj. ‘deep’: f. n⌫wc E26/2r18.—Cf. nywq⌫wy, *w⌫-nywqst.
n -⇡ yny, n -⇡⇢yny adj. ‘mute, dumb, not able to speak’: n⌫-,⌫yny E28/10v17; E36/1r4*, 7; acc. sg.
m. n⌫-,-ynw E27/51r20.—Cf. ,⌫y.
n [-...]r[ adj. ‘not ...’ E40r3*.
nb y = n- (see 2wyny) + b y.
nbnt, nbn⇠, nbnd, nbnty (i) adv. ‘next’ E10/1r2*, v4; (ii) postp. + gen. ‘with, at, beside, by’ ~
lwt ‘id.’ E5; E26/25v14*; E27/60r10, v11; ~ l-byt ‘at the house of’ E27/1r23*; ~ l-⇡yn ‘in the
presence of’ E27/86v1.
—Forms: nbnd E10/1r2*, v4; nbnt E5; E26; E27/60v11; nbn+ E24c2.9, c3.64; nbnty Lk10.39
E5/91r*; E27.
nbntcyq adj. ‘accompanying’ ~ d-byt ‘id.’, lit. ‘of the house of’ E26/31r13.
nbr⌫trty, nbr⌫ty = n- (see 2wyny) + br⌫trty, br⌫ty (see br⌫t).
S n⌘ry-ty: see *nfryn.
nbwkdncr m. PN ‘Nebuchadnezzar’ E29/4v7.
nbyr vb. ‘to take counsel, plan, decide, resolve’: 2 sg. pres. nbyry E30/6r19 (~ mlk etp el or
etpa al ‘to take counsel’, SA Syr. 53); 3 pl. pres. nb rnt E28/11v9; 3 sg. impf. nybyr E26/
12v1*.
nbyr , S n⌦yr f. ‘plan, planning’: nbyr⌫ E28/11r9; S n⌘yr⌫ ~ mlk⌫ ‘counsel’ Ps33.10.
ndbtyqy = n- (see 2wyny) + dbtyqy.
ndymyd = n- (see 2wyny) + dymyd.
ndywnt = n- (see 2wyny) + dywnt.
ndywyd = n- (see 2wyny) + dywyd.
*nfryn / nfryt, S n⌦ry-t vb. ‘to curse’. Only nfryty, S n⌦ry-ty pp. as adj. ‘accursed’: nfryty
E28/9r21 (~ lw* p al pass. pt. ‘id.’); E31v12*; acc. sg. m. nfrytw E27/52r9; pl. nfrytyt
E34v3*; voc. pl. nfr t✏t✏ Mt25.41 E5/126v (~ id.); S n⌘ry-ty 12600IIv9.
nfrywn noun ‘curse’ E27/23r8.
n d , S n ↵ f. ‘request, entreaty, prayer’ ~ tk(pt⌫ ‘id.’ Ps6.1; ~ b⇡wt⌫ ‘id.’ Ps13.1*; E18v3 (MS
n d⌫d⌫!); E27/27v27*, 68r3; ~ )lwt⌫ ‘id.’ Ps20.1*; E23.140; E27/27r3; ~ pys⌫ ‘petition’ E26/
24v1*. Phrases: n d br- ‘to make entreaty’ ~ )ly pa el ‘to pray’ Col1.9 E32/2r; E24c2.15;
E26/30v14, 31v28; ~ b⇡y p al ‘to beseech’ E26/31v27; E27/68r4, 9; ~ qrb pa el + b⇡wt⌫ ‘to
offer supplication’ E26/32r8; ~ pys ap el ‘to request’ E27/12r14 (here the Syr. verb is trans-
lated by both n ⌫d⌫ br- and pcwqy-), 60v13f*; E28/10r20*; n d [w⇡] ‘to beg a favour’ ~ b⇡y
p al E28/10v28.
—Forms: n ⌫d⌫ Col1.9 E32/2r; E18v3 (MS n d⌫d⌫!); E19r2*, v1*; E23.140; E24c2.15; E26;
E27; E28/10v28, 15r7*, 99B27; pl. n ⌫dyt E19v3, 6; S n ⌫⌫ Ps.
n d -bryny m. ‘one who prays’: obl. pl. n ⌫d⌫-brynyty E20r3.
n m noun ‘time, moment, hour’ ~ (⇡t⌫ ‘id.’ E5; E27/60r28, 68r16; ~ ⇡dn⌫ ‘id.’ E24c2.9; E27;
E28/3r11, 27, 14r22. Phrases: wyspw n m ‘at all times’ ~ ⌫myn⌫yt ‘constantly’ E26/28r25*;
xyd n m ‘at that time’ ~ hydyn ‘then’ E24c2.15; E29/8v6*; ~ br (⇡th ‘at that very moment’
E26/26v17.—Cf. wydn ⌫m.
—Forms: n ⌫m E5; E24; E26/26v17, 28r25*; E27; E28; E29; E30/2r8*; obl. n ⌫my E27/
57v11, 12, 94r22; E28/11r9, v11; pl. n ⌫mt E28/3r27.
S n w⌫ ky f. ‘community of (Manichaean) Auditors’(?) 12600IIr9.
n d⌫d⌫ E18v3: mistake for n ⌫d⌫.
n n- m. ‘bread, loaf’ ~ l m⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.30 E5/72v; E23; E24c1.77; E26; E27; E28/7v8, 12r10,
14.
—Forms: nom. sg. n ny E23.102, 104; E27/57r12, 18, Lv2; E28/7v8, 12r10, 14; nom. as acc.
sg. n n Lk24.30 E5/72v; E28/16v16; n ny E23.98, 106, 108; E24c1.77; E26; acc. sg. n nw
E27/60r32, 94v18, 26; gen. sg. n ny E27/94v23; acc. pl. n nt⌫ E26/31v2.
n r⌫my = n- (see 2wyny) + r⌫my.
n rf = n- (see 2wyny) + rf.
n wdn noun ‘clothing, garment’ ~ n t⌫ ‘coat, outer garment’ Mt17.2 E5/127v; E28/10v13*; ~
lbw(⌫ ‘clothing’ E27/56r26, 57r6, 68r25*; ~ ⌫skm⌫ ‘attire, habit’ E26/28v9; ~ m⌫n̈⌫ ‘clothes’
E26/30r30; ≈ przwm⌫ ‘loincloth’ E36/2v1* (cf. Gen3.7).
—Forms: n wdn E26/28v9, 30r30; E27/56r26, 68r25*; E28/17r2; E36/2v1*; pl. n wdnt
Mt17.2 E5/127v; 1Tim2.9 E6/18r*(?); E27/57r6; E28/10v13*; obl. pl. n wdnty E30/2r10*.
n wnty m. ‘cloak’ ~ mr*w*⌫ ‘id.’ Mt5.40 E5/28v; ~ prys⌫ ‘id.’ E26/27v10.
n wst-: see n wynt.
S *1n w⌫ noun ‘listening’ Ps34.16* (~ (m⇡ p al inf. ‘to hear, listen’).
2
n w⌫ vb. ‘to hear, listen, heed, obey, consent’ ~ (m⇡ p al ‘to hear, listen’ Jn9.27 E5/101r*,
Jn9.31 E5/101v* (x2); E23.190; E24c1.29; E26/24v26, 30v21; E27; E28/1r1 (see BT XLII,
15); ~ (m⇡ etp el ‘to heed, obey’ E27/68v29*; ~ )wt p al ‘id.’ E24c1.30; ~ pys ettap al ‘to
consent, agree, obey’ E27.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. n w(t Jn9.31 E5/101v* (x2); E26/2r4; E28/25A11*; 1 sg. pres. dur.
n w(msqn E35B3*; 1 pl. pres. dur. n w(ymsq E28/11v8; 1 sg. fut. n w(nq⌫ E27/69v22; 2 sg.
fut. n w(yq⌫n E23.190; 3 sg. fut. n w(tq⌫ E27/68r12; n w(tq⌫n E28/1r1; 1 pl. fut. n w(ymq⌫
E27/68r31; 3 sg. impf. ny w( E27/51v15*; 3 sg. opt. n w(y E27/7v17*; 1 pl. opt. [n] w(ym
E27/68v29; 3 sg. opt. dur. n w(ysq E26/7v4; 3 sg. fut. inj.(?) n w(q⌫ E27/13r20; 2 sg. impv.
n w( E26/24v26; E27; E28/114B4; 2 pl. impv. n w(t⌫ E24c1.29, 30; E26/30v21; n w(tt
E27/31r12 (mistake for 3 sg. pres.?), 69v9*; 3 sg. tr. pret. n w(d⌫rt E23.212; E25/1v13; 2 pl.
tr. pret. n w(d⌫rt⌫ Jn9.27 E5/101r*. Pres. pt. n w⌫ny as adj. ‘listening, attentive’: n w(n✏
E27/51v21; voc. sg. m. n w(n⌫ E27/51v20; pl. n w(nyt E26/3r5 (‘(Manichaean) Hearers,
Auditors’), 27r21.—Cf. n⌫-n w(ny.
n wynt / n wst- vb. ‘to clothe, dress’: 3 sg. impf. ny wynt E29/4v4; pp. n wsty ‘clothed in,
wearing’ E26/28v9.
n y qy f. (unknown word) E24c1.31.
nht[ ] GN (unidentified) E26/12r1.
nqcn noun ‘piercing’(?) E27/51v15* (≈ m y p al ‘to strike, wound’?—cf. Jn19.34).
*nqmp / nqbt- vb. ‘to subdue, subjugate’. Only pp. nqbty ‘subjugated’ E28/18r25, 26.
*nqn- / nqnt ‘to bury’. Pp. nqnty ‘buried’: pl. nqntyt E34v2.
nqt⌫ny-q⌫ry = n- (see 2wyny) + qt⌫nyq⌫ry.
nqw⌫ (Syr.) ‘semantron’ E26/15v8.
nqysr noun, perhaps ‘excrement (of bees)’, i.e. ‘beeswax’(?) E39.1.
nm- vb. ‘to consent’ (always + neg. ‘to refuse’): 3 sg. dur. pres. nmtysq E27/60v20 (~ pys
ettap al ‘to consent’); 3 sg. #z-impf. nm⌫z E27/60v15 (~ )by p al ‘to be willing’); 3 sg. impf.
nm⌫ E27/51v31; 3 sg. dur. impf. nm⌫sqn E28/10r27 (~ pys ettap al).
nm c, S nm c f. ‘homage, worship, prayer, office’ ~ )lwt⌫ ‘prayer’ Lk6.12 E5/91v; E23.73, 109;
E26; E27; E28; ~ sgdt⌫ ‘worship’ E27/66v3, 91v7; ~ t(bw t⌫ ‘praise’ E27/54v29. Phrase nm c
br-, S nm c ⌦r- ‘to pay homage’ ~ sgd p al ‘to worship’ Mt2.2 E3v*; Jn9.38 E5/101v;
Ps29.2; E23.233f; E26/23v20*, 21; E27/68r22*, 69v12; ~ db p al ‘to sacrifice’ E23.206; ~
)ly pa el ‘to pray’ Lk6.12 E5/91v; E26/25r19f*; E27/54v25, 60r19, 77r12; E28/8v6*.
—Forms: nm⌫c Lk6.12 (x2) E5/91v, Jn9.38 E5/101v; E8r6, 8, v7; E13v7; E19v5; E23;
E24c3.58; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/2r11*, v10*, 14*; obl. nm⌫cy E9/2r15, v14; E11.5*; E26;
E27/25v21*; E28; E31r12; MIK III/365.3; ynm⌫cy E27/23v26; pl. nm⌫ct E31r6; nm⌫(t E28/
3r16; obl. pl. nm⌫cty E28/3r8, 14; S nm⌫c Ps5.8*, 29.2; 12600Iv[m], 20119r[m], 20133v[m]
(Reck 2018, 40, 42); nm⌫cw 12600Iv6, 20222bv5*.
nm c-brqy f. ‘prayer’ ~ )lwt⌫ ‘id.’ E26/30r12.
nm c-bryny m. ‘worshipper’: nm⌫c(-br)[yny] E26/26v1 (~ sgwd⌫ ‘id.’); obl. pl. nm⌫c-brynyty
E34v4.
nm cq n noun ‘offering, present, gift’ E26/1v21; E27/27r4 (~ qwrbn⌫ ‘offering’), 11 (~ id.);
E28/19v22, 23r17; E29/5v3. Phrase r t (±yty) nm cq n ‘gifts and offerings’ ~ mwḧbt⌫ ‘gifts’
E27/3v11*, 7v26.
nm⌫nqrgy⌫: see nm⌫nyqrqy⌫.
nm⌫nqy⌫: see ptryt-nm⌫nqy⌫.
nm ny m. ‘penitence, repentance, contrition’ ~ twt⌫ ‘penitence’ E27/31v3. With wn-/qt- ‘to
repent’ ~ twb p al ‘id.’ Lk13.3 E5/34r; E27/102r20; ~ pys ap el ‘to implore’ E26/24v24.
—Forms: nm⌫n✏ Lk13.3 E5/34r; nm⌫ny E26/2v28*, 24v24, 29v8*; E28; E29/5r11; acc. sg.
nm⌫nw E27/102r20; abl. sg. nm⌫n⌫ E27/31v3.
nm⌫ny⌫: see *ptryt-nm⌫ny⌫.
nm nyqrqy , nm ṇ̇q̇ṛ gy f. ‘repentance, penitence’ ~ tybwt⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.47 E5/83v; E26/29r7;
E27; E28/1r5, 3v12; ~ twt np(⌫ ‘remorse’ E26/25r18.
—Forms: nm(⌫)ṇ̇q̣̇rgy⌫ Lk24.47 E5/83v; nm⌫n✏qrqy⌫ E27/31v30; nm⌫nyqrqy⌫ E26/25r18*,
29r7; E27/54r14f*; E28; obl. nm⌫n✏-qrqy⌫- E27/31v9; nm⌫n✏qrq✏⌫ E27/31v11; nm⌫nyqrqy⌫-
E27/61v24; [nm⌫ny]|qrqy⌫y E28/93A4f.
nm n -qr⇢y m. ‘penitent’ ~ tyb⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31v4.
nm n q n adj. ‘id.’ in phrase nm n q n *b-/qt- ‘to become penitent’ ~ twy etp el ‘to repent’
Mt21.29*, 32 E5/38r.
nm y, S nm y vb. ‘to judge’ ~ dwn p al ‘id.’: 1 sg. pres. dur. ṇ̇m⌫ẏmsqn Jn5.30 E5/41r; 1 sg. fut.
nm⌫ỵ̇ngq⌫ Lk19.22 E5/125r; 1 sg. tr. pret. nm⌫yd⌫rm E28/7r8; S pres. inf. pr nm⌫y Creed 10.
nm wnqy f. ‘contempt, abuse’ E28/23r21.
S nmpy m. ‘dew’ ~ y⌫ ‘id.’ Ps23.5 (see BT XXXII, 43).—Cf. w⌫rnmpy.
nmr- adj. ‘soft, mild, gentle, polite’: nom. sg. m. as acc. pl. nmry E26/1v22; acc. sg. nmrw E26/
1r12.—Cf. n⌫mr⌫wy, nmry⌫q, S nmry-str, w⌫n⌫mry.
*nmrtr- compar. adj. ‘milder’: pl. [n](m)rtrt E28/20v14.
nmrtxmy = n- (see 2wyny) + mrtxmy.
nmry q f. ‘sweetness, mildness’ E28/25B8*. Phrase (±pr tny yty) pr nmry q ‘(with gentleness
and) with sweetness’ ~ bsym⌫yt ‘sweetly, pleasantly’ E27/12r13*, 65v28*.
S nmry-str compar. adj. ‘sweeter’ ~ l⌫ ‘sweet, sweeter’ Ps19.11.
nms⌫: see pyrnms⌫r.
nmy q f. ‘contempt, abuse’, in phrase nmy q wn-/qt- ‘to insult, revile’ ~ ) y pa el ‘id.’:
E24c1.25; E27/5v30* (–), 66v14*, 104v4*, 5*; E28/22B4f*(?) (–), 23 (–).
nmzy⌫: see c(my-nmzy⌫.
nnpysny = n- (see 2wyny) + npysny.
nnry (unknown word) 93B6*.
np⌫-d: see np✏d.
S np⌫st-: see *npd.
S np⌫x(t-: see npys.
np⌫ryqty = n- (see 2wyny) + p⌫ryqty.
S °np⌫yk: see npyq.
S *np↵- / S np st- vb. ‘to lie’. Pp. S np stk ‘lying’ Frg18.3.—Cf. np✏d.
npd⌫rny = n- (see 2wyny) + pd⌫rny.
npwlwsy = n- (see 2wyny) + pwlwsy.
npwsty = n- (see 2wyny) + pwsty.
npx(t-, S npx(t-: see npys.
np d, np⇢d vb. ‘to lay’. Only pp. np✏dty, np⌫-dty ‘laid’ ~ sym p al pass. pt. ‘id.’: (np⌫-dt)y Lk2.16
E3v; np(✏d)[ty] Lk2.12 E3r.—Cf. S *np-.
npyq, S °np yk noun ‘writing, scripture’: obl. npyqy E28/9v20; S obl. pl. °np⌫ykty (as second
part of a compound) 12600IIv5*.
npys / npx⌫t-, S np x⌫t-, npx⌫t- vb. ‘to write, inscribe’ ~ ktb p al ‘id.’ Lk1.3 E4*; E5; Hymn 5;
Creed 8*; E24c1.81; E27/65v23, 94r27; E28/4v27, 7v7. Passive npx(ty b- ~ ktb etp el ‘to be
written’ E26/27v4. Pp. npx⌫ty, npxt as noun ‘written text, writing, chronicle’ E8v1*;
E24c1.89 (~ mktbnwt⌫ ‘id.’).—Cf. n⌫-npx(t.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. [npy](s)m Lk1.3 E4; 3 sg. pres. dur. [n](pys)t(q) E28/129A5; 3 pl. pres.
dur. npysntqn E28/65r11; 1 pl. fut. npysymq⌫n E28/109v21*, 118A5; 3 sg. impf. n p s
Lk1.63 E5/6r; 1 pl. opt. npysym E28/3v10*; E31v2*(?); 2 sg. impv. npys Lk16.6, 7 E5/48r;
pres. inf. pr npys E26/23r14; 1 sg. tr. pret. npx(d⌫rm E28/85v23; 3 sg. tr. pret. npx(d⌫rt E29/
2v5. Pres. pt. npysny, npys̈n as m. noun ‘writer’: npys̈n⌫ E26/45B4*; nnpysn✏ E27/91v9;
acc. sg. npysn↵ E27/48r24. Pp. npx⌫ty, npxt ‘written’: np(ty E28/20r10 (mistake); npx"t⌫
E8v1*(?); npx(ty Lk24.44, 46* E5/83v; E24c1.81; E28; E29/1r2, 7; E43B4, 7; nom. sg. n.
npx(tw E27/57v23, 65v23*, 94r27; pl. npx(tyt E24c1.89; E26/27v4; S np⌫x(ty Hymn 5;
npx(ty Creed 8*.
S *npy⌫ noun ‘honeycomb’ ~ kkryt⌫ ‘id.’: [npy]((?) Ps19.11.
npy⌫n m. ‘grandson’: obl. pl. npy(nyty E30/4v8 (~ bn̈y bn̈y⌫ ‘grandsons’).
nrsy m. PN ‘Narsai’ E8r5.
nrystr = n- (see 2wyny) + rystr.
ns⌫t = n- (see 2wyny) + s⌫t.
nsc⌫, nst-: see nyd.
n-st: see 2nyst, x-.
nst: see x-.
n-st⌫wy: see nyst⌫wy.
n(q⌫w: see ny(q⌫w.
n(qrt: see ny(qrt.
n⌫qy noun ‘palm (of the hand)’ ~ (w⇡l⌫ ‘id.’ E26/27r35.
n⌫yd / n⌫ydt vb. ‘to seat, install, implant, plant’ ~ n)b p al ‘to plant’ Mt21.33 E5/38r; E27/27v5;
E28/8v9*(?).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. (n()[ydt](?) E28/8v9; 3 pl. impf. ny(ydnt E26/14r13*; 3 sg. tr. pret.
n(yd⌫t E24c3.28; n(ydt⌫t E24c3.28, 34; ny(()td⌫rt (mistake?) Mt21.33 E5/38r; pp. n(ydty E27/
27v5.
nt⌫wnty = n- (see 2wyny) + t⌫wnty.
nw: see n⌫w, *nw-ptbydqy⌫, 1nwy.
1
nw num. ‘nine’ E36/2r5; E47A9 (~ * ‘9’).
2
nw⌫: see m⌫x-nwy.
n̈w⌫: see 1nwy.
nw⌫ts: see nwts.
*nw wy m. ‘renewal’ ~ wdt⌫ ‘id.’: (nw⌫)[wy] Tit3.5 E6/5r.
nwb noun ‘rumbling, noise (of an earthquake)’ ~ rwdn⌫ ‘id.’(?—see Syr. s.v.) E26/6B2, 6B5.
nwb f. ‘noise, belch’(?) E38B5, 11*.
n⇧bry f. ‘navigation’ ~ ⌫lprwt⌫ ‘id.’: obl. n↵bry⌫- E27/31r24.
nwbzn adj. ‘ungrateful’ E28/93B8.
nwc, S nwch: see 1nwy.
nw m. PN ‘Noah’: nw⇠ E27/57v17; obl. nw⇠y E36/1r10.
◆wq noun ‘point, tip (of a flame)’ ~ n(m⌫ ‘breath’ E27/91r5.
nwqr, S nwkr adv. ‘now, next, then, therefore’ ~ hkyl ‘now, then’ E5; E27; E28; ~ mkyl ‘now,
henceforth’ Gal3.29 E6/3r*; ~ ⇡dkyl ‘still, yet’ E27/31v26; ~ mdyn ‘then, therefore’ E27/48r5,
94r4; E28/2av13; ~ gyr ‘for’(?) E27/48r13; ~ dyn ‘but’(?) E28/7v18, 12v18. Combined with
near-synonyms: nwqr q(-y ~ mkyl E27/60v16; n⌫y q(y nwqr E28/9r22*.
—Forms: nwqr E5; Gal3.29 E6/3r*; E26; E27; E28; E29/1v3, 6r2; S nwkr Ps34.9.
*nwkryt (Syr.) ‘anchorite’: pl. nwkryt✏t E28/75r[m]*.
nw-qwtr adj. ‘without lineage, parvenu’ E29/4r6*.—Cf. qwtr.
nwm, S nwm f. ‘law, rule, verdict’ ~ nmws⌫ ‘law’ Gal4.4, 5 E6/3v; Ps19.8; E24; E27; ~ qnwn⌫
‘canon, rule’ E28/2ar5; ~ hwpmnm*⌫ ‘records’ E24c1.81. Phrases: [mw⌫ y n]wm ‘Law of
Moses’ ~ mw(⌫ ‘Moses’ Lk24.27 E5/72v; wcync nwm ‘the Old Law’ ~ dytq⌫ ⇡tyqt⌫ ‘Old Test-
ament’ E27/55r28.
—Forms: nwm E24; E26/5r2; E27/55r28, 66r3; E28/9v17; obl. nwm Gal4.4, 5 E6/3v; E28/
9r14; pl. n↵mt E27/54v23; nwmt E27/55r30, 56r27, 30; E28/14v18; obl. pl. nw(mty) E28/
2ar5; S nwm Ps19.8.
nwmyq, S *9-myk ordinal ‘ninth’: nwmyq E27/1r7 (~ t(⇡ ‘nine’), 55r25 (~ d-t(⇡⌫ ‘ninth’), 69r23
(~ t(⇡); S 9-myk(?) O2497.7.—Cf. *bt⌫st-pnc⌫s-nwmyq.
nwn: see y(w br nwn.
*nw-ptbydqy f. ‘lack of understanding’: nw-ptbydq(y)[⌫] E26/2v15.
nwr, nwry adv. ‘today’ ~ ywmn⌫ ‘id.’ Mt6.30 E1/2v* (rest.!); E27; E28/5r24* (x2).
—Forms: nwr Mt6.30 E1/2v*; E24c1.10; E26/2v22*; E27; E28/5r24* (x2), 24B29; E29/2v8,
6v3; E30/5v22; nwry E26/23r12.
nwrcyq, nwrycyq, S nwrcy-k adj. ‘belonging to today, present’, only in the phrase nwrcyq
my⇠ ‘the present day’ E23.135; E33A8; nwrycyq my⇠ E28/10v14 (~ ywmn⌫ ‘today’); pl. S
nwrcy-kt [my↵t](?) 12600Iv9f*.
nwrycy adj. ‘daily’ E28/106r[m].
nwry⇡, 1nwry⇡y adj. ‘lacking desire, indifferent’: nwr✏, E28/64A2; [nw](r)y,✏ E28/106r10;
nwr , E28/106v1; nwr( )[,y] E28/106v4; pl. [nw](ry),✏t E28/106r15. Phrases nwr ⇡ wn-
‘to make indifferent’ ~ ⇡)y p al ‘to constrain’ (the object being ‘thoughts’) E28/8r25, v23*;
nwry⇡ wn- + ryw(y) ‘to make oneself indifferent’ ~ ⇡)y p al ‘to constrain (oneself)’ E28/
1r4, 15.
nwry⇡qyn adj. ‘disinclined, unwilling’: pl. nwry,qynt E27/22v10 (~ ⇡yyq ‘distressed’ or ⇡wq
ap el pass. pt. ‘id.’).
2
nwr ⇡y m. ‘lack of desire, indifference’ E27/61v22 (~ ⇡)yn⌫ ‘compulsion, constraint’, as cor-
rectly assumed by Benveniste 1955, 319, now supported by the use of nwr✏, and 1nwry,✏ to
translate forms of ⇡)y p al ‘to constrain’; wrongly BT XII, 133).
n (⌫, nw"⌫: see nw(y.
nw -⇡w ncyq adj. ‘of eternal life’ E26/1r22.
nw⌫qy , nw⌫ qy f. ‘eternity’: nw(⌫qy⌫ E26/1r15*; nw(qy⌫ E26/3; obl. nw(⌫qy⌫y E26/3r19;
nw(qy⌫y E26/3v3, 3*.
nw⌫y, n⇤⌫ , nw adj. ‘eternal, immortal’. Phrases: nw⌫y b - ‘eternal God’ ~ ⌫lh⌫ ‘God’ E26;
E27/23r5; nw⌫c ⇡w n ‘eternal life’ ~ ÿ⌫ ‘(eternal) life’ Mt19.17 E2/2v*; E5; Tit3.7 E6/5v*;
E27; E28/8v16; variant nw ⇡w n Rom6.4 E32/1r (~ ÿ⌫); E25/2B3; nw ⇡w n pc z ‘to
receive eternal life’ ~ yy p al ‘to live (eternally)’ Rom6.8 E32/1v.
—Forms: n (⌫ E26/2r16; nw"⌫ Rom6.4 E32/1r, Rom6.8 E32/1v; E25/2B3; E49.4; nw(✏ E27/
4r2; nw(-y E27/57v18, Rr2; nw(y E21v2; E23.75; E26; E28/3v19, 24; E29/6r14, 8v5*; acc.
sg. m. nw(w E27/23r5; voc. sg. m. nw(⌫ E21v4; f. nw(c (usually with ,w⌫n) Mt19.17 E2/2v*;
E5; Tit3.7 E6/5v*; E26/3r6; E27; E28; E31v9*; pl. nw(yt E26/3v20*; obl. pl. nw(✏ty E27/
51v17.
nw⌫y-b nyq adj. ‘of the eternal God’ ~ d-⌫lh⌫ y⌫ ‘of the living God’ E18r10.—Cf. b ⌫nyq.
nw⌫y-⇡w nmync adj. ‘of eternal life’ ~ d- ÿ⌫ ‘of life’ E26/25r24.
nwts, nw ts num. ‘nineteen’: nw⌫ts E47A21; nwts E41.5*; E42B4.
nwtsqy nwtsqy adv. ‘nineteen by nineteen’ E41.6f*.
nwtsmyq ordinal ‘nineteenth’ ~ d-t(⇡t⇡sr ‘id.’ E27/55v22.
nwwyst num. ‘twenty-nine’ E43B5.
1
nwy, n̈w , S *nw y adj. ‘new’ ~ dt⌫ ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; Rom6.4 E32/1r*; Ps33.3; E27/
61r24, 25; E28/12v23, 20r16 (cf. Jn13.34), 109v24 (cf. id.). As m. noun ‘neophyte, novice’ ~
⇡md p al pass. pt. ‘candidate for baptism’ E27/57r5, 7*, 14. With b- ‘to become new’ ~ dt
etpa al ‘id.’ E27/77v17*.—Cf. m⌫x-nwy, *tr-nwy.
—Forms: n̈w⌫ Rom6.4 E32/1r*; nw✏ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; E27/61r24; nwy E28/13A16, 16r16;
E33A6*; acc. sg. m.(?) nw E27/68v13 (see BT XII, 149); f. n↵c E28; nwc E27/61r25; E28/
20r15*, 22*; pl. nw✏t E28/13A6; nw-yt E27/57r14, 77v17*; nwyt E28/12v23; obl. pl. nw-yty
E27/57r5, 11; nwyty E27/57r7*; S f. nwch Ps33.3.
2
nwy: see n⌫w.
nwyd / nwyst- vb. ‘to invite’: 3 sg. pres. nwydt E26/27r18; 2 sg. impv. *nw✏d(?) (MS wn✏d)
E28/98B5. Pp. nwysty ‘invited’: pl. nwyst✏t E27/48v15, 18, 21; nwystytw E26/27r15
(nwystytw ywp⌫zyt ‘invited guests’ ~ zmÿn⌫ ‘id.’).
nwydm f. ‘invitation’ E27/48v20; E26/27r19.
nwyspny = n- (see 2wyny) + wyspny.
1
nxrys, *nxrs, S nxrys vb. ‘to rebuke, reprove’ ~ kwn pa el ‘id.’ E26/28v6; ~ kss ap el ‘id.’
E28/9r13; ~ rdy p al ‘to instruct, chastise’ Ps6.2.
—Forms: 2 sg. fut. nxrysyq⌫n E28/9r13; 3 sg. opt. nyxrs E27/1v16; 3 sg. opt. nxrysy E26/
28v6; pres. inf. nxr✏s E28/18v30; S 2 sg. impv. nxrys Ps6.2.
2
nxr s noun ‘reproof, rebuke’ E28/16v4.
nxrysty f. ‘id.’ ~ mksnwt⌫ ‘id.’ E28/9r15f*, v17.
nx⌫ vb. ‘to draw back, withdraw’: 3 pl. fut. nx(ntq⌫n E28/11r6.
nx⌫yr noun ‘animal, beast’: nx(yr E28/19v17; obl. [nx(](y)ry E27/83r11 (~ ywt⌫ ‘id.’); pl.
(n)x[(y](r)[t] E27/17v1 (~ b⇡yr⌫ ‘id.’).
*nxw y / nxwst- vb. ‘to pound, crush’: pp. or past inf. nxwsty E38B9.
nxw(ywny = n- (see 2wyny) + x(ywny.
nxwtw = n- (see 2wyny) + xwt⌫w.
nxy f. ‘profundity’ E28/12v3.—Cf. nyx.
nxyp+ = n- (see 2wyny) + xyp+.
ny, n̈ , S L neg. adv. ‘not’ ~ l⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; Creed 1*, 3; ~ lw ‘id.’ Jn1.20 E5/19r; E26/25r27;
E27; E28. Phrases: qt + ny ‘if ... not’ ~ ⌫l⌫ ‘id.’ Lk13.3 E5/34r, Jn14.11 E5/78r*; qw prm/pn
+ ny, lit. ‘so long as ... not’ ~ ⇡dm⌫ d- ‘until’ E27/65r28f*, 94v18; m t + ny ‘that ... not, lest’ ~
dlm⌫ ‘id.’ E26/28r18; ny rbymsq ‘we do not know’ ~ lyt ln ‘we do not have’, lit. ‘there is
not to us’ E24c1.90; ny swq t bwt ‘one cannot be’ ~ lyt + hwy p al inf. ‘it is not (possible) to
be’ (cf. Nöldeke 1898, p. 216) E28/1v4.
—Forms: n̈⌫ E32; E25/1r19; E27/60r21; n✏ E5; E26/16r20; E27; E28/23v9, 59A6, 113r7;
E36/2r5*, 4r2; n E28; ny E18r3; E23; E24; E26; E27 [but for ny in E27/31r14, 15, see s.v.
ny-]; E28; E29; E30; E31r8, v15, 19; E40r10; S L⌫ Ps; Creed 1*, 3; 20227r13. Combined: ⌫tn
E28/4v21; ⌫tny E28/16r3*; E36/4r4* (read ⌫tn[y] with Cat.); cwtn✏ Mt10.29 E5/76r, Lk24.32
E5/72v; nyst, nysty (see s.vv. 2nyst, x-).
ny-, ny-, nyw, nyw adj. ‘other’ ~ ⌫ rn⌫, f. ⌫ rt⌫ ‘id.’ E5; E25/1r16*; E27; E28/2ar10*, 12r13*.
Repeated ny- ... ny- ... ‘one ... another ...’ ~ ⌫ rt⌫ ... ⌫ rt⌫ ... ‘id.’ E27/31r14f.
—Forms: ⌫nyw E5; n✏w Lk16.7 E5/48r; nyw E26; E27/55r29, 87r1; E28/2ar10*; E30/1v8*,
5r9, 21*; nom. sg. m. ny E27/31r14, 15 (see Pirtea in BT XLV, 131); nom. sg. m. as acc.
]⌫n[y] E25/1r16; acc. sg. f. ny⌫ E27/23r8, 31v15; pl. [⌫n]yt Mt21.41 E5/38v; n✏t pl. E27/25r2;
E28/18r21, 22A3*, 27r26; n t Mt21.36 E5/38v; n t n t E28/116B29; nyt E27; E28/12r13*,
110B5; n✏tt E28/1v21; n tt E28/1v13, 17v23; nytt E26/12v17*, 13r2*.
ny⌫ms-: see nyms-.
ny s / ny t, S *ny s / *ny t vb. ‘to take, hold, retain, take hold of, seize, undertake’ ~ ⌫ d p al ‘id.’
Mt21.38, 39 E5/38v*, Jn20.23 E5/76v; E27; ~ lbk p al ‘id.’ E24c1.71; E26/27v25*; ~ qbl
pa el ‘to receive’ E26/30r30; ~ kdn p al ‘to subjugate, restrain’ E28/1r17. Phrases: fry- ny t
‘to hold dear’ ~ r m p al ‘to love’ Jn16.27 E5/79v (x2); ~ bb ap el ‘id.’ Jn17.24, 26
E5/83r*(?); E28/20r18*(?—cf. Jn15.12); ptrq n ny s ‘to take (as) an inheritance’ ~ yrt p al ‘to
inherit’ Mt25.34 E5/126r; E28/16r11 (–); ⇡y⌫ty/⇡y⌫t- ny s/ny t ‘to consider (as) hateful’ ~ sny
p al ‘to hate’ Jn15.18 E5/73v; E27/61r24*; [... n]y s ‘to hold [...]’ ~ ( r pa el ‘to compel’
Mt5.41 E5/28v. (Note: in the idioms with fry- and ,y(t-, at least in E5, ny⌫t seems to function
as a past stem of 2d⌫r.)
—Forms: 3 sg. fut. ny⌫stq⌫m E29/4r10, 21; ny⌫stq⌫n E28/16r11; 3 sg. impf. ny⌫s E26/23r19*; 3
sg. opt. ny⌫s-y E27/39r9; ny⌫sy E27/61r24; 1 pl. opt. ny⌫s m Mt21.38 E5/38v; 3 pl. opt.
[ny⌫syn]t E28/27r21; 3 sg. subj. [n](ẏ)⌫st Mt5.41 E5/28v; 2 pl. inj. ny⌫st⌫ Jn20.23 E5/76v; 2 sg.
impv. ny⌫s E29/5r3*, 13; E30/5r3*; 2 pl. impv. ny⌫st⌫ Mt25.34 E5/126r; ny⌫stt E27/111v9; 1
sg. tr. pret. ny⌫d⌫rm E28/20r19; 2 sg. tr. pret. ny⌫d⌫r Jn17.24*, 26 E5/83r; 3 sg. tr. pret. nẏ⌫d⌫rt
Jn15.18 E5/73v*; ny⌫d⌫rt Jn16.27 E5/79v; E23.146; E26/27v25*, 30r30; E27/104r15;
E28/1r17; E29/1v8; ny⌫d⌫t E24c1.71; 2 pl. tr. pret. ny⌫d⌫ry(t⌫ Jn16.27 E5/79v; 3 pl. tr. pret.
(n)[y](⌫)[d⌫rn]t Mt21.39 E5/38v; past inf. ny⌫t E27/40v15; pp. ny⌫ty E26/5r13; S 3 sg. tr. pret.
[ny⌫]⌫rt Ps6.3.
ny z noun ‘need, lack’ E26/3r25; E29/5v21.
ny z wt adj. ‘needing, needy, needful, necessary’: ny⌫z⌫wt E26/32v9* (~ snyq ‘needing’); E27/
31r16 (~ id.), 57r16; nyz⌫ẉ̇t E27/57r15 (mistake); obl. ny⌫z⌫ẉ̇ty E27/54r18; pl. ny⌫z⌫wtt E27/
56r28 (~ id.).
*ny z wty f. ‘what is necessary’ ~ swnqn⌫ ‘id.’: (ny)⌫(z)⌫(wt)[y⌫] E27/104v11.
ny zq n adj. ‘needing’ ~ snyq ‘id.’ Jn16.30 E5/79v.
ny zng adv. ‘otherwise’ E29/4v10.
ny zng ny zng adj. ‘of various kinds’ E26/2v11.
ny zng-wny adj. ‘transforming’ E26/27r10.
nybyr: see nbyr.
n c n. ‘nothing’, in phrase n c b- ‘to become nothing’ ~ (ry etp el or etpa al ‘to be destroyed’
E27/69v20.
nyd / nyst-, nst-, S ny↵ vb. ‘to sit, sit down, dwell; board (a ship); sit (on the throne)’ ~ ytb p al
‘id.’ E5; Creed 9*; E26/30r17, 23, 26; E27; ~ slq p al ‘to go up, board’ E27/87v6; ~ qwm p al
‘to stand, be present’ E23.167. Phrases: nyd wrs c f c f ‘to sit around’ ~ krk etp el ‘to
surround’ E27/60v23; x⌫ywny/x⌫wny nyd/nst- ‘to sit (as) king’ ~ mlk ap el ‘to reign’
E23.203; ≈ mlkwt⌫ ‘reign’ E24c1.18.
—Forms: 2 sg. fut. nydyq⌫n E23.203; 3 sg. fut. n dtq⌫ Mt25.31 E5/125v; 3 sg. impf. nyd E26/
12r7*; E27/60v26; 3 pl. impf. nydnt E26/7r6, 14v17, 20*; E27/60v23, 87v6; 2 sg. impv. n d
Lk16.6, 7 E5/48r; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. nsty E24c1.18; n st Lk10.39 E5/91r (as f.); nysty E26/
30r17; E29/4v8*, 6r19; 3 pl. itr. pret. nystnt E26/30r23; S 3 sg. impf. ny Creed 9*. Pp. nsty,
nysty ‘sitting, dwelling’: nst✏ E27/60r22, 25, v27; nsty E23.167; E27/7v24*; nyst✏ Lk1.79
E5/6v; nysty E26/15r15*, 16r14*, 30r26; E28/17r4; nom. sg. f. nsc⌫ E27/87r12.
nyd m noun ‘sheath, husk, rind’: nyd⌫m E28/13B16; obl. nyd⌫my E26/6A4.
nyd mnty m. ‘sitting’ E26/1v2.
ny w(: see 2n w(.
ny wynt: see n wynt.
nyq⌫wy: see nywq⌫wy.

nyq⌫w✏s⌫ = nywq⌫wy + s⌫r.
nymn- or nymny m. (unknown word): acc. sg. nymnw E27/54r26.
nyms-, ny ms- / nymt- vb. ‘to be held, be taken; to be eclipsed’: 3 sg. subj. ny⌫mst E26/6A3*, 4*
([ny⌫]mst) (both perhaps ~ bl⇡ etp el ‘to be swallowed, eclipsed’, Or. 2084, f. 3v, cited in
Sims-Williams 1995b, 297 n. 42); 3 sg. m. itr. pret. nymt Jn21.6 E5/80v (≈ ⌫ d p al ‘to
take’); nymty E27/52r11. Pp. nymty ‘taken, held, retained’: nymt✏ E27/31r1 (+ b- ‘to be
taken’ ~ m)⇡ pa el ‘to be in between’, so probably a mistake for a form related to nymy ‘half’,
see Pirtea in BT XLV, 128), 68v21 (+ b- ~ ⌫ d etp el ‘to be taken’); nymty E28/17v18,
58A3*; pl. nymt-yt E27/64v25 (id.); nymt✏t Jn20.23 E5/76v (~ ⌫ d p al pass. pt. ‘held,
retained’); E28/17v4 (~ id., citation of Jn20.23), 22; nymtyt E28/17v20*.
nymy m. ‘half’: E26/31r26 (nymy my+ ‘midday’ ~ m)⇡th d-⌫ymm⌫ ‘middle of the day’); E39.1,
2*.
nymy⇠ noun ‘midday’ E9/2v13.
nym⇢y⇠-w dy m. ‘south’ E27/23r17 (nym-y+-w⌫dy qyr⌫n ‘southern direction’ ~ grbyy⌫ ‘north’(!)).
n⌥m⇡wq adj. ‘half healthy’ (or ‘half alive’?) E28/81v7*.—Cf. ,wq.
nynw yq noun ‘Ninevite’: obl. pl. nynw⌫yqty E21v5.
nypys: see npys.
nys postp. ‘under’(?) E30/4r11.
nysn (Syr. name of a month) ‘Nis#n’ E26/5v13; E27/68v11.
1
nyst, S 1nyst: see x-.
2
nyst, n⇢st, nysty, S 2nyst adv. ‘nothing’, only in phrases n(y)st b- ‘to come to nought’ ~ ⌫bd p al
‘to perish, be destroyed’ Mt5.30 E5/28r* (rest.!), Lk13.3 E5/34r; E27/23v24; nyst(y) (...)
(q)wn-, S nyst *kwn-/qt- ‘to bring to nought’ ~ ⌫bd ap el ‘to destroy’ Mt10.28 E5/76r*,
Mt21.41 E5/38v; Ps5.7*; E23; E27/13r28; nyst nyst qwn- ‘to destroy utterly’(?) E23.94 (see
BT XLV, 63).
—Forms: n-st E27/23v24; n✏st Mt5.30 E5/28r, Mt21.41 E5/38v, Lk13.3 E5/34r; E27/13r28;
E36/3v15; n-yst E27/57v20; ṇyst E34v5; nyst E23; E27/26v4*, 52v8; E28/19v7 (or 1nyst?),
93B4; nysty E23.85; S nyst Ps5.7*. Combined: nystwntyq⌫ Mt10.28 E5/76r*.
nyst-: see nyd.
nyst wy, n⇢st wy m. ‘annihilation, perdition’ ~ ⌫bdn⌫ ‘id.’: n-st⌫w-y E27/52r4 (cf. 2 Thess2.3);
nyst⌫wy E28/12v2, 13B21* (–); acc. sg. n-st⌫↵ E27/40v12, 52r13 (–); nyst⌫↵ E27/24v7.
nystwntyq⌫ = 2nyst + wntyq⌫ (see 2wn-).
nysty: see nyd, 2nyst, x-.
nysx nt vb. ‘to mock’: 3 pl. pres. nysx⌫ntnt E30/4v12.
1
ny⌫ adv. ‘behold; now’ ~ h⌫ ‘id.’ E26/24r21, 28v27*, 30v19, 31r8 (–); E28/71A7 (–). Often
combined with the near-synonyms 1n⌫y ‘id.’, q(y/q+ry ‘now’: n⌫y q+ry ny( ~ h⌫ E26/23v28,
24r13; ny( q+ry/q+r̈⌫ ~ h⌫ E26/25r22, 30r26f; ny( q(y E26/24v30.
2
ny⌫ vb. ‘to destroy’: 3 sg. pres. n✏(t E27/57v20; 3 pl. fut. n✏(ntq⌫ E27/12r18 (≈ bl⌫ ‘destruc-
tion’); 3 sg. fut. opt. ny(yq⌫n E26/2r23. Pres. pt. ny⌫ny ‘destroying, destructive’: ny(ny E28/
99A30*; pl. n✏(n✏t E27/12r2 (~ m bln⌫ ‘destroyer’); ny(nyt E27/12v4 (≈ wbl⌫ ‘destruction’).
ny⌫- vb. ‘to perish, be destroyed’: 1 sg. fut. ny(nq⌫ E27/102v21 (~ bl etpa al ‘id.’). Pres. pt.
ny⌫yny ‘perishing, perishable’: pl. ny(yn✏t E27/48v9, 10.
ny⌫q w, n⌫q w, ny⌫qw / ny⌫qw t-, n⌥⌫qwxt- vb. ‘to emit, let out, remove, bring out, take out,
put out, cast out, expel’ ~ npq ap el ‘id.’ Mt21.39 E5/38v, Lk10.35 E5/91r; E23.112, 220;
E27; ~ (dy p al ‘to throw out, put out’ E23.121.
—Forms: 1 sg. fut. ny(q⌫wmq⌫ E27/23r26; ny(qwmq⌫ E27/23r27; 2 sg. impf.(?) ny(q⌫w✏ E28/
15v1; 3 pl. impf. ny(q⌫wnt E27/68r20; 1 pl. opt. ny(q⌫w✏m E27/60v18, 19; ny(qwym E27/
108r2; 2 sg. impv. n(q⌫w E30/6r16*; ny(q⌫w E27/126r28, 30* (ed. ](w), read ny(q⌫](w)); E28/
15v2, 104A1*(?); 2 sg. tr. pret. ny(qw d⌫ry E23.220; E27/120r7*; 3 sg. tr. pret. ny(qw d⌫rt
Lk10.35 E5/91r; E23.112; E27/94v9; 3 pl. tr. pret. n (qwxd⌫r[nt] Mt21.39 E5/38v; pp.
ny(qw ty E23.121.
ny⌫qr n adv. and postp. ‘outside, apart’: n (qr⌫n cn ‘apart from, except’ ~ lbr mn ‘id.’ Mt5.32
E5/28r; [cn *wyny ny(]qr⌫n ‘apart from Him’ E26/25v21.—Cf. qyr⌫n.
ny⌫qrt, n⌫qrt noun ‘interpretation, meaning’: n(qrt E29/4r3; ny(qrt E29/4v3.
ny(td⌫rt Mt21.33 E5/38r: see n(yd.
ny⌫ty- / ny⌫ty t vb. ‘to send word, announce’: 3 sg. impf. ny(ty E27/66r12 (~ (l p al ‘id.’), v12
(~ id.), 69r29 (~ (dr pa el ‘to send’); 3 pl. impf. ny(tynt E27/77v13 (~ ⌫mr p al ‘to say’). Pp.
ny⌫ty ty ‘announced’: nom. sg. n. ny(ty⌫t↵ E27/94r17 (passive ny(ty⌫t↵ b- ‘to be announced’
~ (l etp el ‘id.’).
ny⌫y adj. ‘present’ or ‘following’(?) E27/55v26.—See BT XII, 107.
ny⌫yc or ny⌫y⌫ vb. ‘to devise, contrive’ ~ (l p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. pres. ny(y(t E27/102v26.
ny(yd: see n(yd.
nywq wy, nyq w m. ‘depth, depths’ ~ ⇡wmq⌫ ‘id.’: nyq⌫w✏ E28/5v26 (nyq⌫w✏s⌫); nyq⌫w E28/
25A7 (–); nywq⌫wy E26/3r12.—Cf. *n⌫ywq.
nywqst: see *n⌫ywq.
nyx adj. and adv. ‘deep, profound; learned, wise; profoundly, closely’ E24c1.44; E26/1v4,
30r31; E27/1r24 (~ mhyr⌫ ‘skilled’), 7r25, 11v24; E28/11r26, 114B9*; E30/4r3 (≈ km
etpa al ‘to become wise’, SA Syr. 12?).—Cf. nxy⌫.
nyxrs: see nxrys.
nyxwrmzt m. PN ‘N⇧hormazd’ E27.
nyz ny adj. ‘subject, subservient’ ~ (⇡bd quad.refl. = ⇡bd e⇥tap al pt. ‘id.’: nyz⌫n✏t pl. E26/32v1.
nyz wr adj. ‘weak’ ~ l(⌫ ‘weak, frail’ E27/12v16*, 13v20*, 27r6*; ~ krh p al pass. pt. ‘sick,
weak’ 1Cor1.27 E6/12v; E27/120v5; E28/12r18. In E28/12r11 nyz⌫wr ‘weak’ and xwcn⌫q
‘sick’ together translate krh p al pass. pt. Note also the self-deprecatory expression [mn
]nyz wr ryw ‘[my] weak self’ E27/27r29 (~ l(wty ‘id.’, lit. ‘my weakness’).—Cf. z⌫wr.
—Forms: nyz⌫wr E26/23r16; E27; E28/12r18, 44r6*; E29/4r14; obl. nyz⌫wry E28/12r11; E29/
4r16; obl. pl. nyz⌫wrt 1Cor1.27 E6/12v; nyz⌫wrty E27/120v5*; E28/64B3.
nyz wry f. ‘weakness’: nyz⌫wry⌫ E26/13v8; E28/1r7 (~ m ÿlt⌫ ‘id.’, cf. SyrLex, 739-40), 65r9*,
74r7, 110A3; obl. nyz⌫wry⌫y E28/1r16 (~ m ylwt⌫ ‘id.’).
nyz⌫ẉ̇t E27/57r15: mistake for ny⌫z⌫wt.
nyzb ny, nzb ny m. ‘passion’ ~ (⌫ ‘id.’ E27/40v19*; E28.
—Forms: [n]yzb⌫ny E28/114B2; acc. numv. ny(z)b(⌫)[n](⌫) E27/40v19*; pl. nyzb⌫n✏t E28;
nyzb⌫nyt E28/14v2*, 66v20*(?); obl. pl. nyzb⌫n✏ty E27/51r24; nyzb⌫nyty E28; nzb⌫nyty
E31r22.
nyzb ny-n q adj. ‘subject to the passions’ ~ (w(⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12r22.
nyzn-, nzn- m. ‘nature’ ~ kyn⌫ ‘id.’ E24c3.18; E27/31v26, 56v28, 126r26; E28/8r4*; ~ gns⌫
‘race’ E28/7v2*.
—Forms: nom. sg. nyzny E27/56v28; E28/11r1(?), 16v21, 48v30(?); nzny E24c3.18 (as
acc.); acc. sg. nyznw E27/57v5*; E28/7v2*, 8r4*, 103r5, 129A3*; gen. sg. nyzn✏ E27/
126r26; abl. sg. nyzn⌫ E26/3r17, 23; E27/31v26.
nyznt, ṇ̇znt adj. ‘humble, mild’: nyznt E27/94r5 (~ mkyk⌫ ‘humble’); E28/68v8, 92A2*; ṇ̇znt
Mt10.16 E5/75r (trn ṇ̇znt ‘meek (and) mild’ ~ tmym⌫ ‘innocent, guileless’).
nyznty , nznty f. ‘humility’ ~ mkykwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31r11, 61r26, 91v10; E28/7v23*, 8v21.
—Forms: nyznty⌫ E27/31r11, 61r26, 94r6 (≈ mkyk⌫ ‘humble’); E28/67B8*, 9*, 68r10; nznty⌫
E28/7v23*, 23r13; obl. nyznty⌫- E27/91v10; nznty⌫y E28/8v21.
nyznwy: see *pw-ywxng-nyznwy.
*nyzny-myc adj. ‘natural, of nature’ ~ d-kyn⌫ ‘of nature’: pl. nyzny-my(t E27/31v16.
ny⇡-, ny⇡y- / ny⇡t-, n⇡t-, ny⇡d-, S ny - / nyzt- vb. ‘to go out, come out, depart, go away, issue,
come to an end’ ~ npq p al ‘id.’ E5; Ps19.6*; Creed 11; E23; E26/28v1*, 8, 31v32; E27; E28/
4r26, 14r4; ~ (ny pa el ‘to leave’ E27/60r21; ~ ⌫ty p al ‘to come’ E26/32v17; ~ m*y pa el ‘to
arrive’ E27/68r16; ≈ zwqy⌫ ‘departure’ E28/12v4; ≈ lbr ‘outside’ E28/2ar9.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. (ny,)ty E28/14r4; 3 pl. pres. ny,nt E27/55v20, 60r21, 102v19; 3 sg. pres.
dur. ny,tysq E27/51v25; 3 sg. fut. ny,tyq⌫ E27/60v22; ny,tyq⌫n E28/17r11*; 3 pl. fut. n ,ntq⌫
Jn5.29 E5/41r; ny,ntq⌫ E27/40v14; 3 sg. impf. ny,✏ E27/11r19; ny,-y E27/12r25; ny,y
E26/31r29; E27; 1 pl. impf. ny,ym E27/87v7; 3 pl. impf. ny,nt E27/40r5; ny,ynt E27/12v9,
87v5*, 14; 3 sg. impf. dur. ny,⌫sq E26/14v7; 2 sg. opt. ny,y E28/17r9; 3 sg. opt. ny,-y
E27/61r21; ny,y E28/4r26; 1 pl. opt. ny,✏m E28/4r24; 3 pl. opt. mid. ny,ytyn-t E28/2ar9; 3
sg. fut. opt. ny,yq⌫n E26/2r17; 1 sg. subj. ny,⌫n E27/94r20; 3 sg. subj. ny,⌫t E27/40v13; 3 sg.
irr. ny,wty E27/68r18; 2 sg. impv. ny,⌫ E23.239, 244; 2 pl. impv. ny,t⌫ E27/12r26; pres. inf.
pr ny,w E28/12v4; 3 sg. fut. itr. pot. ny,t⌫ bwtq⌫ E27/61v29; 1 sg. itr. pret. ny,dym E25/3B4;
n ,t m Lk16.4 E5/48r, Jn16.27, 28 E5/79v; ny,tym E28/15v4; 2 sg. itr. pret. ny,t ( Jn16.30
E5/79v; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. ny,t Lk6.12 E5/91v; ny,ty E26/28v1*, 32v17*; E27/51v12; n,ty
E24c3.65; 3 sg. f. itr. pret. ny,t⌫ E23.108 (see Gershevitch 1946, 180-81); 1 pl. itr. pret.
ny,tym⌫n E26/31v32; 3 pl. itr. pret. ny,tnt E23.68; E26/28v8; past inf. ny,t✏ E27/60v20; S 3
sg. pres. ny⇣-ty Ps19.6*; Creed 11; pp. nyzty Frg18.2.
ny⇡ mnty m. ‘departure’, also as a euphemism for ‘death’ ~ mpqt⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E28/4r27, 28; ~
mpqn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/48r2, 60r28, 108r1*.
—Forms: ny,⌫mnt✏ E27/40v11, 60r28; ny,⌫mnty E27/40v9*, 48r2; E28/4r27, 28; acc. sg.
[n]y,(⌫)m[ntw] E27/108r1 (probable emendation for Hansen’s ]y,n m[ in a lost fragment);
abl. sg. ny,⌫mnt⌫ E27/39v5, 40r15*.
*ny⇡ y / ny⇡✓t vb. ‘to declare’ ~ bdq pa el ‘id.’: 1 sg. fut. tr. pot. ny,twng⌫ Jn16.25 E5/79v.
ny⇡y noun ‘departure’, as a euphemism for ‘death’ E28/65r5.
ny,y-: see ny,-.
nzb⌫ny: see nyzb⌫ny.
nzn-: see nyzn-.
ṇ̇znt, nznty⌫: see nyznt, nyznty⌫.
nzprt = n- (see 2wyny) + zprt.
nzyny = n- (see 2wyny) + zyny.
n,t-: see ny,-.
p⌫, S p⌫: see 1p⌫t.
p c ny, p✓c n⌥ noun ‘answer’ ~ ptgm⌫ ‘id.’ Jn1.22 E5/19r; E28/9v19; ~ pwny ptgm⌫ ‘returning
answer’ E27/94r29. Phrases: p c ny/ p✓c n⌥ wn-/qt- ‘to make answer’ ~ ⇡ny p al ‘to answer’
E5; E27/66r2, 68r10; E28/3v13; ~ pny pa el ‘to respond’ E27/13v16*; ~ q⇡y p al ‘to cry out’
E27/68r23; p c ny qrwn mnt ‘making answer’ ~ pwny ptgm⌫ E27/94r28.
—Forms: p⌫c n E5; p⌫c ny Mt17.4 E5/127v*; E27; E28/3v13, 9v19; p⌫c (mistake)
Mt21.30 E5/38r; pc n Jn1.26 E5/19r.
p cr t, p crt m. ‘reward’: p⌫cr⌫t E27/68r13 (~ *bt⌫ ‘benefit’); obl. p⌫crty E28/23v5.—Cf. pw-p⌫cr⌫t.
1 ̈ ̈
p d noun, p dy, p d m. ‘foot, leg’ ~ rgl⌫ ‘foot’ NT+. Phrases: p dy/p d w⌫t ‘to stand (on one’s
feet)’ E23.180, 240 (~ qwm p al ‘to stand’), 255; E26/27r25* (~ id.); E30/2r9; p dy x- or p dy
swq- ‘to stand’ ~ id. E23.245; E26/24v18; ~ qwm p al + ⇡l r̈gl⌫ ‘to stand on (one’s) feet’
E27/55r24; p dy wsty or p d wn- lit. ‘to put on the feet’ ~ qwm ap el ‘to (cause to) stand’
Mt25.33 E5/125v; E27/22r17; p dy w⌫ty mnt ‘standing on one’s feet’ ~ qwm⌫ ‘standing’
E27/61v19; p dy c dr, p dy c s r ‘at the feet of’ ~ ⇡l rglẅhy ‘at his feet’ E26/24v30 (–), 27v35,
31v25; p dy wy qy ‘on the spot, immediately’ E29/6v15.—Cf. pd-.
̈
—Forms: p⌫d⌫ E26/27r25; p⌫d✏ Mt25.33 E5/125v; p⌫d-y E27/55r24; p⌫dy E23; E26; E27/14r8*,
22r17, 61v19; E28/3r3*; E29/6v15; E30/2r9, 6v4; E35B2*; pl. p⌫dt E27/68r19; p⌫d✏t Mt10.14
E5/75r, Lk1.79 E5/6v, Lk24.39 E5/83r; 1Cor12.21 E6/20v; p⌫d( t) E36/1v13* (so Cat., ed.
p⌫d ); p⌫dyt Lk24.40 E5/83v; E26/1v9, 27v30*; E28; E30/4v1*; obl. pl. p⌫dty E27/57r26;
p⌫d✏t Lk10.39 E5/91r.
2
p⌫d: see 1p⌫t.
p⌫d⌫: see (y-p⌫d⌫.
p⌫dqy⌫: see y⌫b-p⌫dqy⌫.
p⌫ r: see p r-.
p n, S p n noun ‘table’ ~ ptwr⌫ ‘id.’ Lk19.23 E5/125v; Ps23.5.
p p m. PN ‘P#p#’ E28/9v18.
S p⌫pyl: see bbl.
1
p r noun ‘kor’ (a measure of capacity) ~ kwr, pl. kwr̈yn ‘id.’ Lk16.7 E5/48r (x2).
2
p r vb. ‘to nourish, nurture’. Pres. pt. p rny ~ mrbyn⌫ ‘fosterer’ E27/12r5.
p⌫rc: see pryc.
p⌫r z: see w⌫-p⌫r zt.
p rs GN ‘P#rs’ E27/1r6; E24c3.29.
p rsyq adj. ‘Persian’: obl. pl. p⌫rsyqty E27/1r9*, 120v11 (~ prsy⌫ ‘id.’).
p⌫rwty, S p⌫rwty: see 1p⌫t.
p⌫rxs, p⌫ryc: see prxs-, pryc.
p ryq adj. ‘other’: p⌫ryq E28/8v5 (~ (rk⌫ d- ‘the rest of’); pl. p⌫r-yqt E27/31v20 (~ id.); p⌫r qt
E28/33B9*; p⌫ryqt E27/31v17 (~ id.); E28/3r21 (~ d-(rk⌫ ‘other’), 33A6; E30/1v5*; p⌫ryngt
E28/13A18 (error!); obl. pl. np⌫r✏qty E27/48r10 (~ (rk⌫ d-). Also in the phrase yw p r⌥q
‘altogether’ E28/18r30.—Cf. pryq.
p⌫ry,: see pry,.
S p⌫rZY: see 1p⌫t.
p⌫spy: see *pspy-.
p⌫stw: see pstw-.
p ⌫ noun ‘fast, fasting’ ~ )wm⌫ ‘id.’ E27. Phrases: p ⌫ p y ‘to observe the fast’ ~ )wm p al ‘to
fast’ E26/1v16 (–), 5r8 (–); E27/55r18, 20, 21; p ⌫ p y mnty ‘observance of the fast’ E28/
16r23; stm p ⌫ ‘Great Fast’, i.e. ‘Lent’ (Syr. )wm⌫ rb⌫) E42B5*.
—Forms: p⌫( E20v2; E26/1v16, 5r8; E27; E28/16r23, 41v28, 43A3*; E29; obl. p⌫(y E27/
94v10, 102v21; E29/5v6; E42B5*.
p  m. ‘protector’ E26/29v6*.—Cf. t✏m-p⌫(✏.

p⌫(⌫y: see p(⌫y.
*p ⌫cn adj. ‘honourable’: (p⌫)[(cn] E27/64v23 (~ zhy p al pass. pt. ‘splendid, honourable, rever-
end’).
S p⌫(t⌫ny: see *f⌫(t⌫ny.
S p⌫(tn: see *p(tn-.
p⌫(ty: see p(ty-.
p⌫(w(: see p(w(-.
p⌫(✏: see t✏m-p⌫(✏.
1
p t, p , p rwty, 2p d(?), S p , p rwty, p r -Y, p rZ-Y, p rZY conj. ‘for, because; but’ ~ gyr ‘for’
Mt2.2 E3v (MS pt!); E5; E27; E28; ~ m*l d- ‘because’ Ps6.3; E25/1r10*(?); E27; ~ d- ‘(in)
that’ Ps24.7*; E18v3; E27/61r18; E28/27v24; ~ b-d- ‘in that’ E27/31v21; ~ kd ‘while’
E26/31v17; ~ dyn ‘but’ E27/31v18; E28/2av18, 12v28. Phrases: cywydy/cywy⇠y pyd r p (t)
‘because’ E28/27v17; E30/6r9f* (~ m*l d-, SA Syr. 52); prywy⇠/prywyd p (t) ‘id.’ ~ m*l d-
E27; E28/8v13*, 109v29 (cf. 1 Jn2.11); E30/6v3, 17; ~ b-hẏ d- ‘id.’ E27/31v9f.—Cf. prwty?
—Forms: p⌫ E18v3; E20r3; E26; E27; E28; E30; E35B5*; p⌫d E30/5r16; p⌫rwty E26;
E27/3r4*, 12r18*, 17v3; E28/10r21; E29; p⌫t E5 [Jn5.27 E5/41r: see p⌫tx(⌫wn]; E25/1r10*;
E26/3r9, 31v17; E27; E28; E30/1r3; pt Mt2.2 E3v (mistake); S p⌫ 20227v10; p⌫rwty 12600Ir6;
p⌫r'-Y Ps6.3, 24.7*; p⌫rZ-Y Ps34.16; p⌫rZY 12600IIr9*, 20223r2*. Combined: p⌫tm E27/
120r4.
2,3
p⌫t: see p⌫y, xyd-p⌫t.
p ⇠ m. ‘arrow’: p⌫+ E27/31r21; obl. p⌫+y E27/31r20 (~ g⌫r⌫ ‘id.’).
p ⇠-brx⌫qy f. ‘archery’ ~ q(twt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31r18f.
p tfr s f. ‘punishment’ ~ msm-b-r(y)(⌫ ‘id.’ E27/26r9, 57v17; ~ (nd⌫ ‘torture’ E24c1.76; E27/
64v30, 69r24(?), 28(?); ~ (⌫ ‘suffering’ E27/6v1(?); ~ (⌫ or (nd⌫ E27/27v18. In E28/9r17
[p⌫tfr⌫]s and pcxwny together translate msm-b-r(⌫. Phrase b⇡⌥q p tfr s ‘evil punishment’ ~
bÿ(t⌫ ‘evils’ E28/7v4.
—Forms: p⌫tfr⌫s E23A21*; E24c1.76; E27; E28; obl. p⌫tfr⌫s✏ E28/129A7; p⌫tfr⌫sy E23.198;
E27/69r28; pl. p⌫tfr⌫st E27/64v30.
p tqwny f. ‘vigilance, protection’ E27/31r6 (~ zhyrwt⌫ ‘vigilance’), 10 (⌫w(c pr p⌫tqwny ‘waver-
ing(?) in vigilance’ ~ kmyrwt⌫ (gy(t⌫ ‘agitated sorrow’(!)), 57v4; E28/13A5*, 87A4*.
p⌫tm = p⌫t + -m.
p tx⌫ wn, S p tx⌫ w n noun ‘authority’, only as predicative adj. ‘in authority, authorized, ruling’:
(i) with b-, S ⌘- ‘to be in authority, to rule’ ~ (ly* (± hwy p al) ‘id.’ Lk19.17, 19 E5/125r;
E27/7v24*; ~ (l* etpa al ‘id.’ Rom6.9 E32/1v; Ps19.14*; E27/7v23*, 57v31 (cf. Gen4.7?); ~
(l* pa el pass. pt. ‘id.’ E28/8r13; ~ mlk ap el ‘id.’ Lk19.27 E5/125v*; ~ ⌫ d p al + (wl*n⌫ ‘to
hold authority’ E26/25v21; (ii) with wn-/qt- ‘to put in authority, to cause to rule’ ~ (l* ap el
‘id.’ Lk12.44 E5/130v*,23 Jn5.27 E5/41r; ~ mlk ap el ‘id.’ E27/54r23; (iii) with ⌫xy, ‘to set in
authority’(?): only E26/12r2, if one may restore (w p⌫tx(⌫wn m⌫[xy,] (ed. m⌫[t], but see s.v.
2
(w).
p tx⌫ wny f. ‘rule, dominion’ E26/1v13; E28/12r17 (~ m(l*wt⌫ ‘id.’).
23
Thus Sundermann 1975, 80 n. 117, assuming that the Sogdian follows the Vetus Syra (Sinaiticus) n(l*yhy—on
this form see Nöldeke 1898, §188—rather than the Peshitta, which has qwm ap el ‘to set up, appoint’.
p⌫ty: see py, xyd-p⌫ty.

p y / p t, p t(?), S p t vb. ‘to keep, watch over, observe, guard, protect’ ~ n*r p al ‘id.’ E27.
Passive p⌫ty b- ‘to be protected’ ~ n*r etp el ‘id.’ E28/14r6. Phrases: p ⌫ p y ‘to observe the
fast’ ~ )wm p al ‘to fast’ E26/1v16 (–), 5r8 (–); E27/55r18, 20, 21; p ty d r, S p ty ↵ r ‘to
keep protected, to protect’ Ps5.9 (~ dbr pa el ‘to lead, guide’); E26/1r19; p ty swq-/sqw- ‘to
be on guard’ Mt10.17 E5/75r (~ zhr etp el ‘to beware, take care’); E26/14r10; E27/94v8 (~
id.); E28/84A3*.
—Forms: 2 sg. pres.(?) p⌫y E28/18v5; 3 sg. pres. *p⌫yt E26/5r8 (emendation for Hansen’s p⌫y,
in a lost fragment); 3 pl. pres. p⌫ynt E27/31r8; 1 sg. pres. dur. p⌫ymsq E28/108A3; 3 sg. pres.
dur. p⌫ytq E28/108A4; 1 sg. fut. p⌫ynq⌫ E27/66r19; 3 sg. #z-impf. p⌫y⌫z E27/87r3, 12; 3 sg.
impf. p⌫y E27/55r20; 2 sg. opt. (or pres.?) p⌫y E28/18v23; 3 pl. opt. p⌫✏nt E27/55r21; p⌫ynt
E27/55r18; 3 sg. subj. p⌫yt E27/54r19, 20; 2 sg. fut. subj.(?) p⌫y⌫q⌫n E26/1v16; 2 sg. impv. p⌫y
E28/11v18; E30/3r2*; 1 sg. subj. tr. pot. p⌫✏t wn⌫n E28/13A9; S p⌫t (unclear form, see BT
XXXII, 49) Ps32.7. Pp. p ty, S p ty, p tk ‘guarded, on guard’: p⌫t✏ Mt10.17 E5/75r; p⌫t
E28/19v5, 86A6*; p⌫ty E26/1r19, 14r10; E27/94v8; E28; pl. p⌫t✏t E28/71A4, 84A3*; p⌫tyt
E28/14r6; S p⌫tk Frg18.2 (as m. noun ‘herd’); p⌫ty Ps5.9.
p y mnty m. ‘protection, guarding, observance’: p⌫y⌫mnty E31r8; acc. sg. p⌫y⌫mntw E27/40r19 (~
n*wrt⌫ ‘protection’); abl. sg. p⌫y⌫mnt⌫ E28/16r23 (p⌫( p° ‘observance of the fast’).
p y wr postp. ‘around’ ~ dr ‘id.’ E28/7r1.—Cf. pry⌫wr.
p⌫yqy⌫: see (w(n-p⌫yqy⌫.
p z noun ‘front, face’ E29/6r20*.
p⌫zny⌫: see pt⌫wp⌫zny⌫.
p⌫, yr: see p, yr.
pc- vb. ‘to cook’ ~ b(l pa el ‘to cook, boil’: 3 sg. impf. pc⌫ E27/105r8.
pc⌫dty⌫, S pc⌫y: see pt(⌫dty⌫, pt(⌫dy.
pc d -str compar. adj. ‘easier, more restful’ ~ nw p al pass. pt. ‘(more) restful’ Mt10.15 E5/
75r.—Cf. pt(⌫dy.
pc⌫n: see ptc⌫n.
S pc⌫nk: see pt(ng.
pc rt postp. with prep. cn ‘on account of, for the sake of’ E26/1r5, 42A3*.
pc⌫ty⌫: see pt(⌫dty⌫.
S pc w vb. ‘to stir up, disturb’ ~ (g( pa el ‘id.’: 3 pl. tr. pret. pc⌫w⌫r⌫nt Hymn 6*.
pc w f. ‘quarrel, strife’ E26/5v2 (~ Bab. SAL.KÚR.ME& ‘hostilities’, see BT XXXII, 51), 29 (~
ryn⌫ ‘dispute’, Or. 2084, f. 25v, cited in Sims-Williams 1995b, 296 n. 40); E28/68v9.
pc w qry adj. or m. noun ‘quarrelsome, troublemaker’: pl. pc⌫w⌫qryt E26/16r11.
pc w -qr ny m. ‘id.’: pl. pc⌫w⌫-qr✏nyt E28/23r23*.
1
pc y, pcy noun ‘profit’: pc⌫y E27/27r8 (~ ⇡wdrn⌫ ‘benefit’); pcy E27/55v28* (~ ywtrn⌫ ‘increase,
profit’).
2
pc y / pcyt vb. ‘to be proper, be fit, be useful’: 3 sg. pres. pc⌫yt E26/1v21*(?); E29/5v6. Pp.
pcyty ‘fitting’ ~ n*r p al pass. pt. ‘kept, reserved’ E28/5v28*; as m. noun ‘(what is) fitting,
duty’(?) ~ zd⌅⌫ ‘duties’ E28/2av17 (differently BT XLII, 41).
pcb r noun ‘disgrace, condemnation’ E26/1r8.
pcbnt, pcbn⇠, pcbyn noun ‘answer’ ~ ptgm⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.30, 3.4. Phrases: pcbnt/pcbn⇠ br- ‘to
bear answer’ ~ ⇡ny p al ‘to answer’ E24c1.28; E26/25r8, v21*, 27r19; ~ pny pa el + ptgm⌫ ‘to
return answer’ E23.163f; pcbn⇠ ⇠br- ‘to give answer’ ~ pny pa el + ptgm⌫ E24c1.42, 61;
pcbnt *wn-/qt- ‘to make answer’ ~ ⇡ny p al E26/24v22.
—Forms: pcbnt E23.163; E26; pcbn+ E24; pcbyn E12/1r2.24
pcbrn noun ‘disgrace, condemnation’(?): pcbrn E28/1v20 (~ Arabic ta⇡y⌃r ‘id.’?); obl. pcbrny
E28/13A12.
pcbw⌫ / *pcbw⌫ t vb. ‘to smell’: 3 sg. irr. tr. pot. pcbw(⌫[t wnwty] 1Cor12.17 E6/20v (~ rw
ap el act. pt. + hwy p al ‘to be (capable of) smelling’); pres. inf. pr pcbw( E27/48v22*.
pcbyn: see pcbnt.
pc ( c)[ (unknown word) E27/55v15.
1
pc z / pc ⌫t-, ptc ⌫t-, p⌫ ⌫t-, S pc ẓ / pc ⌫t- vb. ‘to receive, accept’ ~ qbl pa el ‘id.’ NT;
Ps5.13*, 24.5*; E18v2*; E26/26v1*, 28v35; E27; E28; ~ nsb p al ‘to take’ E26/27r22; ~ (ql
p al ‘to partake, receive’ E28/12r17; ~ (ty p al ‘to drink (the blood of Christ)’ E26/24r10*,
31v13 (perhaps euphemistic, see BT XXXV, 144, but cf. the similar usage of pcx(-). Phrases:
b⇡ xwty pc z, S ⌦ - xwty *pc ẓ/pc ⌫t- ‘to receive pain’ ~ (( p al ‘to suffer’ Lk24.46
E5/83v; Creed 7; E28/9v13* (rest.!); mrc *pc z/pc ⌫t-, p⌫ ⌫t- ‘to receive death’ ~ qbl pa el
+ mwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/1r5; ~ mwt p al ‘to die’ Rom6.10 E32/1v; nw ⇡w n pc z ‘to receive
eternal life’ ~ yy p al ‘to live (eternally)’ Rom6.8 E32/1v; sn m *pc z/pc ⌫t- ‘to receive
baptism’ ~ ⇡md p al ‘to be baptized’ 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*, Gal3.27 E6/3r; Rom6.3*, 3 E32/1r;
E26/27r8, 36, v4; E27/57r1; wyc wqy pc z ‘to receive martyrdom’ ~ nqy etpa al ‘to be
sacrificed’ E28/9r30.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. or subj. pc ⌫zt E28/12r17; 2 pl. pres. pc ⌫z+⌫ E26/27r8; 3 pl. pres. pc ⌫znt
E26/24r10*; 3 sg. pres. dur. pc ⌫ztq E27/57r1; E28/12r15; 2 sg. fut. pc ⌫zyq⌫n E28/9r30*; 3
sg. fut. pc ⌫ztq⌫ E27/52v11*; pc ⌫ztq⌫n E28/9r15*, 16f*, 16r16; 1 pl. fut. pc ⌫zymq⌫n Rom6.8
E32/1v; 3 pl. fut. pc ⌫zntq⌫ Lk16.4, 9 E5/48r; 3 sg. impf. pcy ⌫z E27/54v20, 57v17, 86v4;
E28/9r30; 3 pl. impf. pcy ⌫znt E26/12r6; 2 sg. opt. pc ⌫zy E26/28v35; 1 pl. opt. pc ⌫z m
Gal4.5 E6/3v; 3 sg. subj. pc ⌫z⌫t Lk24.46 E5/83v; pc ⌫zt E26/29r7*; 3 pl. inj. pc ⌫znt E26/
27v4; 2 sg. impv. pc ⌫z Lk16.7 E5/48r; E18v2*; E19v5; E26/26v1*, 27r22*; E27/27v27*, 30;
2 pl. impv. *pc ⌫zt⌫ (MS pc zt⌫!) Jn20.22 E5/76v; pc ⌫z+⌫ E26/31v13; 1 sg. tr. pret. pc (d⌫rm
1Cor11.23 E6/7r; 2 sg. tr. pret. pc (td⌫ry E26/27r36; ptc (twd⌫ry E27/7v29*; 3 sg. tr. pret.
pc (d⌫rt Lk10.38 E5/91r; Rom6.9 E32/1v; 1 pl. tr. pret. pc (d⌫r m 1Cor12.13 E6/20r;
pc (t⌫rym⌫ Rom6.3*, 3 E32/1r; 2 pl. tr. pret. pc (d⌫r (t⌫ Gal3.27 E6/3r; 3 pl. tr. pret. pc (d⌫rnt
E27/39r6, 57r6*, 8, 15; E28/12r2; p( (d⌫rnt E27/1r5; S 3 sg. fut. *pc ⌫ẓtk⌫n (MS -⇣-!)
Ps24.5*; 3 sg. tr. pret. pc (⌫rt Creed 7; pp. pc (t⌫y Ps5.13*.
2
pc z noun (i) ‘reception, acceptance’ E28/11r5; (ii) ‘agreement, promise’ in phrase pc z wn-/
qt- ‘to make a promise’ E23.292 (~ (wdy quad.refl. = ydy e⇥tap al ‘to promise’); E28/16r22;
(iii) ‘expenses, provisions (for a journey)’ ~ dpn̈⌫ ‘id.’ E26/30r34.
pc z mnt m. ‘reception, acceptance’ ~ mqblnwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57v7. Phrase b⇡ xwty⇢
pc [ z mnt]( ) ~ (⌫ ‘the Passion (of Christ)’ E27/55r19.
pc ny: see p⌫c ny.
pc ry vb. ‘to bear, carry, endure’: 3 sg. opt.(?) pc ry E31r2; 3 sg. subj. pc r✏t E27/27v4 (~ *⇡n
p al ‘id.’).
pc (t-, S pc (t-: see 1pc ⌫z.
pc t-, pc +-: see pcx(-.
24
With [nn] from [nd]? Not necessarily an abbreviation as assumed in Brock–Sims-Williams 2011, 87.
pc ynt vb. ‘to place (a person on an animal)’: 2 pl. impv. pc ynt⌫ E28/10r25* (≈ *⇡n p al ‘to
carry’); 3 pl. tr. pret. pc nd⌫rt Lk10.34 E5/91r (~ rkb ap el ‘to cause to ride’).25
pc yr vb. ‘to call out, shout’ ~ q⇡y p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. #z-impf. dur. pc yr⌫sqn E28/10v22*; 3 sg.
impf. pcy yr E26/15r9 (–); 3 sg. tr. pret. pc yrd⌫rd E23.215; pc yrd⌫rt E23.248, 283* (mis-
printed, read pc (yrd)[⌫rt).—Cf. pt, yr.
pc yry m. ‘crier, herald’ ~ krwz⌫ ‘id.’ E23.209.
pc zt⌫ Jn20.22 E5/76v: mistake for pc ⌫zt⌫, see 1pc ⌫z.
pc ⇡nyq adj. ‘acceptable’ E27/61v26 (~ qbl etpa al pt. ‘accepted, acceptable’).
pc (Syr.) ‘Passover’: p ̤c⇠⌫ Jn2.23 E5/21v; pc⇠⌫ 1Cor5.7 E6/7r.
*pcq f vb. ‘to *strike’: 3 sg. impf. pty(q⌫f E27/54v18 (~ pw p al ‘to breathe’!).—The translation
may be based on a variant with m ⌫ p al ‘to strike; (of an odour) to be diffused’ (see BT XII,
106).
pcq m vb. ‘to delight (in), be pleased (with)’ (± pr): 2 sg. pres. pcq⌫my E20r4; 3 sg. pres. pcq⌫mt
E28/8v25 (~ )by p al (+ b-) ‘id.’); 1 sg. tr. pret. pcq⌫md⌫rm Mt17.5 E5/127v (~ )by etp el
‘id.’).
1
pcq w, S pck w noun ‘rejection’, only in phrase pcq w (...) wn-/qt-, S pck w kwn- ‘to reject,
spurn’ E28/20v17; ~ sly ap el ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v; Ps5.7; ~ ἀθετεῖ ‘rejects’ Ps33.10 (x2).
2
* pcq w vb. ‘to reject’: 2 sg. impv. [p]cq⌫w E28/69A7.—Cf. pcqw⌫mntqy⌫.
pcqrd noun ‘fetter’ ~ sw*m⌫ ‘id.’ E26/30v28.
pcqs- vb. ‘to wait for, await’ ~ sky pa el ‘id.’: 3 sg. pres. dur. pcqstysq E27/48v19 (–), 77r15; 3
sg. #z-impf. pcqs⌫z E27/60r28; 3 pl. impf. pc qṩnt Lk12.36 E5/130r.
*pcqsy adj. ‘waiting’ in phrase *pcqsy swq- ‘to be waiting’ (+ qw ... s⌫r ‘for’) ~ sky pa el ‘to
wait for (+ l-)’: pl. (p)[c]qsyt E28/2av5.
pcqw⌫d⌫r-: see pcqwy-.
pcq✓w mntqy f. ‘rejection’ ~ mstlynwt⌫ ‘id.’ Rom11.15 E6/5v*.—Cf. *2pcq⌫w.
pcqw n, pcwq n, pt⌫qw n f. ‘request, entreaty, prayer’ ~ tk(pt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/12r6, 31r27; ~ b⇡wt⌫
‘id.’ E27/27r3*; ~ )lwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57v1, 12; ~ ql⌫ ‘voice’ E26/24r37. Phrases: pt⌫qw n
pt⌫qwy-, pcqw n pcqwy- ‘to request a request’ ~ pys ap el ‘to request’ E26/28r16*(?), 29r5;
E28/11v14 (–); pcqw n/pcwq n wn- ‘to make a request’ ~ )ly pa el ‘to pray’ E27/39v9;
E28/5v13f*(?).
—Forms: pcqw⌫n E19v1, 4*, 6; E26/24r37, 25r20; E28; pcwq⌫n E27; pt(qw⌫n E23A23; E26;
obl. pcwq⌫ny E27/31r27.
†pcqwry E23.226: read p(qwry, see 1pcqwyr.
pcqwy-, pcwqy-, pt⌫qwy- / pcqw t, pt⌫qw t, pt⌫qwy t vb. ‘to say (to a superior), entreat, pray’ ~
⌫mr p al ‘to say’ NT+; ~ pys ap el ‘to request’ E24c2.13; E27/12r14 (here the Syr. verb is
translated by both n ⌫d⌫ br- and pcwqy-); ~ b⇡y p al ‘to beseech’ E27/27v29; ~ k(p etpa al
‘id.’ E28/7r19; ~ qrb pa el ‘to offer (a petition)’ E26/24v1. Phrase pt⌫qw n pt⌫qwy-, pcqw n
pcqwy- ‘to request a request’ ~ pys ap el ‘to request’ E26/28r16*(?), 29r5; E28/11v14 (–).
—Forms: 1 pl. pres. or opt. pcqwym E28/11v14; 1 sg. pres. dur. pcqwy⌫msq E26/24v1*; E27/
27v29*; E28/7r19; 3 pl. fut. pcqwyntq⌫ Mt25.44 E5/126v*; 3 sg. #z-impf. pcwqy⌫z E27/12r14;
3 sg. impf. pty(qwy E30/2r12*; 3 pl. impf. [p]ty(qw-ynt E27/22r6; pty(qwynt E26/9v4; 3 sg.
pres. itr. pot. pcqw(⌫)t [bwt] E28/22A10; 3 sg. tr. pret. pcqw⌫d⌫rt Mt19.18 E2/2v*; E5; E23;
25
This is the reading of the two Vetus Syra MSS, while the Peshitta has sym p al ‘to place’ (see Sims-Williams
2016, 69).
E26/24v30; pcqw⌫d⌫t E24c2.13, 17, c3.6; pt(qw⌫d⌫rt E29/6r7, v1 (mistake for 3 pl.); 3 pl. tr.
pret. pcqw⌫d⌫rnt Mt19.10 E2/2r*; E5; pt(qw⌫d⌫rnt E29/4v21; pt(qwy⌫t-d⌫rnt E26/29r5*.
1
pcqwyr, 1pcwqyr, p⌫qwr, S *1pckwyr noun ‘fear’ ~ d lt⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; Ps5.9*.
—Forms: pcqw✏r Lk1.65 E5/6r, Lk1.74 E5/6v; pcqw r Lk24.37 E5/83r; pcqwyr E24c3.15,
67; E26/1v9, 17, 23v25*; E28; pcwq-yr E27/23r15; pcwqyr E27/31r29; obl. pcqw✏ry Jn20.19
E5/76v; pcqw-yry E28/42B3 (or to 2pcqwyr?); pcqwyry E23.123, 264; pcwq-yry E27/68r26,
v10; pcwqyry E27/1v18*; p(qwry E23.226 (thus Cat., ed. pcqwry); S (pc)[kwyr] Ps5.9.
2
pcqwyr, 2pcwqyr, pt⌫qwyr, S 2pckwyr vb. ‘to fear, be afraid’ ~ d l p al ‘id.’ E5+; Ps34.8; ~
qn* etpa al ‘id.’ E27/12r13*; ~ qny*⌫ + hwy p al ‘to be afraid’ E27/56r25.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. pcqw rt E28/16r23; pcqwyrt Jn9.31 E5/101v*; E28/16r27*; pcwq-yrt
E27/31v10; 3 pl. pres. pcqwyrnt E28/19r1; 1 sg. pres. dur. pcqwyr-msq Lk19.21 E5/125r; 1
sg. fut. pcqwyrnq⌫ E28/96B2; 3 pl. #z-impf. pcwq-yr⌫znt E27/56r25; 3 sg. #z-impf. dur.
pcqwyr⌫sqn E28/9r1; 3 sg. subj. pcqwyr⌫t E26/1r23; 2 sg. impv. pcqwyr E28/24A30; pcwq✏r
E27/104v16; 2 pl. impv. pcqw✏rt⌫ E5; [pcqw]yrt[⌫] Mt10.26 E5/75v; pcqwyr+⌫ E26/30v13*;
pcwqyrtt E27/12r13*; pt((q)[wyr+⌫] E25/1v1; 3 pl. tr. pret. [pcqwyrd](⌫)rnt Mt27.54 E5/65r;
[pcqwyrd](⌫)[rn+] E24c1.63 (thus Cat., not read in ed.); dur. pt. pcqw✏r✏q Jn9.22 E5/100v; S
3 pl. pres. pckwyr⌫ntw Ps34.8. Pres. pt. pcqwyrny, pcwqyrny ‘fearful, fearer’: pcqwyrny
E26/9v1; obl. pl. [pcq](w)yrn✏ty E28/36v12; pcwq✏rnyty E27/12v15.
pcm r, pt⌫m r noun (i) ‘number, reckoning’ ~ mnyn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/64v27; E28/3r9*, 14; (ii) as a
measure of weight or value ‘mina, pound’ ~ mny⌫ ‘id.’ Lk19 E5/125 passim.—Cf. pw-pcm⌫r.
—Forms: pcm⌫r E5; E27/64v27; E41.6*, 10*; pt(m⌫r E27/1r9; obl. pcm⌫ry E30/1v9 (‘juris-
diction’, cf. BT XXXII, 131?); E41.6; E43B3*; pl. pcm⌫rt E28/3r9*, 14.
pcm rcyq adj. ‘numerical’(?) E31v13.
pcmr-, pt⌫mr- / pcmrt, pt⌫mrt vb. ‘to count, reckon, consider’ ~ mny p al ‘to count’ Mt10.30
E5/76r; ~ (b p al ‘to count, consider’ E27/91v11; E28/27v21*. Passive pcmrty/pt(mrty b-/qt-
~ (b etp el ‘to be accounted’ E28/3v16, 7r14.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. pt(mrty E30/5r7*; 3 sg. opt. pcmry E27/91v11; 2 sg. impv. pcmr⌫
E28/23v22, 27v21*; E30/5r5. Pp. pcmrty E28/7r14; pt(mrty E28/3v16; pl. pcmrt✏t Mt10.30
E5/76r.
pcmrws vb. ‘to feel, touch’: 2 sg. impv. pcmrws E27/51v27.—Cf. mrws.
†p(cm)[ E24c1.27: read pcr[w].
pcng-d⌫rwq: see pt(ng-d⌫rwq.
pcp n, S ptc⌫p n adv. as predic. adj. ‘imminent, to come, about to’ ~ ⇡tyd⌫ ‘id.’ Mt16.27
E5/127r*, Mt25.34 E5/126r*, Lk24.21 E5/72r; Creed 10; E27/56r25*, 61v29, 83r5*;
E28/7v12, 16, 14r24*; ~ n*r p al pass. pt. ‘kept, reserved’ E28/7v13, 14.
pcp ncyq adj. ‘imminent, future’: pcp⌫ncyq E28/12v5 (~ ⇡tyd⌫ ‘id.’); pl. pcp⌫ncyqt E27/52v12*;
E28/13B17.
pcp tq⌥ adv. in phrase cn pcp tq⌥ ‘suddenly’ ~ mn (ly ‘id.’ Lk2.13 E3r.
pcpr-, *pt⌫pr-, p⌫pr- / pcprt- vb. ‘to settle, alight, rest’ (itr.) ~ qwy pa el ‘to abide, remain’
Jn1.32 E5/19v; ~ (ry p al ‘to dwell, rest’ E27/54v19, 61r21; ~ (kn p al ‘to settle, rest’
E27/61r22; ~ smk etp el or etpa al ‘to lean, rest’(?) E23.110 (see BT XLV, 64). Pp. pcprty
‘settled’ in phrase ⌫ ty pcprty ‘equable (and) settled’ ~ Arm. ‘gentle and tranquil’ (SA Arm. B
8)?
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. pcprty E27/61r21, 22; 2 sg. fut. pcpr✏q⌫n E28/83A4*; 3 pl. impf.
pty(prnt E27/54v19; 3 sg. subj. pcpr⌫t E28/17r20; (p()p[r⌫t] E26/28v30; 3 sg. pres. itr. pot.
pcprt⌫ bwt E26/42A5; 3 sg. tr. pret. [pcp]rd⌫rt(?) E23.110 (see BT XLV, 64); 3 sg. m. itr. pret.
pcprt Jn1.32 E5/19v; pp. pcprty E28/18v20; E30/4r18.
pcrw, pcwrw, S pcwrw (i) adv. ‘instead’ E26/25v9 (~ t lwp⌫ ‘substitute’); (ii) postp. ‘instead of,
in place of, on behalf of, for’ ~ lp ‘id.’ Mt5.38 E5/28v (x2), Jn9.21 E5/100v; 1Cor5.7 E6/7r;
Col1.7 E32/2r*; E27/64r21*; E36/2r3 (cf. Gen22.13).
—Forms: pcrw Mt5.38 E5/28v (x2), Jn9.21 E5/100v; 1Cor5.7 E6/7r; Col1.7 E32/2r*;
E24c1.27* (Cat. pcr[w], ed. p(cm)[); E27/64r21*; E28; E36/2r3; E43B4*; pcwrw E26/1r7,
14r13, 25v9; S pcwrw O2497.5.
pc⌫- vb. ‘to taste, drink’ ~ *⇡m p al ‘to taste’ Mt16.28 E5/127v; E28/4v22; ~ (ty p al ‘to drink’
Mt6.31 E1/2v; E27/94v18. In E26/30r22 pc(- ‘to drink’ and xwr- ‘to eat’ together translate
*⇡m p al ‘to taste’.
—Forms: 3 sg. fut. pc(tyq⌫ E28/4v22; 1 pl. fut. pc(ymq⌫ Mt6.31 E1/2v; 3 pl. fut. pc(ntq⌫
Mt16.28 E5/127v; 1 sg. subj. pc(⌫n E27/94v18; 3 sg. subj. pc(⌫t E31v6*; pc(d⌫rt 3 sg. tr. pret.
E26/30r22.
pcwq⌫n, pcwqy-: see pcqw⌫n, pcqwy-.
1,2
pcwqyr: see 1,2pcqwyr.
pcwrw: see pcrw.
pcwx⌫y, pcwxy/pcwxst-: see pcxw⌫y.
pcwz- vb. ‘to happen (upon), meet (with), befall’ (+ pr) ~ pg⇡ p al ‘id.’ (+ b-): 3 sg. pres. pcwzty
E27/102r26; 3 sg. impf. pcywz E27/68r14; 3 sg. opt. pcwzy E28/19r4 (–).
pcx⌫- / pc t-, pc ⇠- vb. ‘to take, hold, receive’ ~ qbl pa el ‘to receive, accept’ E24c2.22; ~ lbk
p al ‘to take hold of’ E27/60r23; ~ (ty p al ‘to drink (the cup of martyrdom)’ E27/12v18 (cf.
the similar use of 1pc ⌫z). Phrases: frywn pcx⌫- ‘to receive a blessing’ ~ brk etpa al ‘to be
blessed’ E26/28v11; fry- *pcx⌫-/pc t- ‘to hold dear’ ~ r m p al E27/68r5; [qwrc]-w dw
pcx⌫- ‘to take refuge’ ~ gws etpa al ‘id.’ E27/39v10f.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. pcx(nt E27/39v11; 3 sg. impf. ptycx( E27/12v18, 60r23; 3 pl. opt.
pcx(ynt E26/28v11; 2 sg. impv. pcx(⌫ E24c2.22; 2 pl. tr. pret. pc d⌫rtt E27/68r5; 3 pl. tr. pret.
pc +⌫rn+ E24c3.37.
pcx⌫y m. ‘receiving’ E26/3r9.
pcxw q noun ‘obstacle, hindrance’ E26/27r4* (~ klyt⌫ ‘id.’), 32v3 (~ m⇡wknyt⌫ ‘id.’).
pcxw y, pcwx y, pcwxy / pcwxst- vb. ‘to withhold, hold (back), prevent, hinder’ ~ kly p al ‘to
prevent, hinder’ E27; ~ ⇡wk pa el ‘id.’ E27/104r10; ~ sk p al ‘to hold back’ E27/65r25.
—Forms: 2 sg. pres. pcxw⌫y E28/16v13; 3 sg. pres. (p)c(xw⌫)[yt] E28/25B2; 3 sg. fut.
pcwx-ytq⌫ E27/68v29; 3 sg. #z-impf. pcwx⌫y⌫z E27/40r3; 3 pl. #z-impf. pcwx⌫y⌫znt E27/40r2; 1
pl. opt. pcwx-<⌫>ym E27/104v14; 3 pl. opt. pcxw⌫yn-t E28/11v7; 1 sg. subj. pcwx⌫yn E27/
104r10; 2 sg. impv. pcxw⌫y E28/16r20; E29/5r9, 20; 3 sg. tr. pret. pcwxsd⌫rt E27/65r25. Pp.
pcxwsty: pl. pcxwstyt E31v1*.
pcxwd f. ‘abomination’ ~ ndyd⌫ ‘abominable’ E26/32r16*.
pcxwd wnqy f. ‘abomination, filthiness’: obl. pcxwd wnqy⌫y E28/17v9.
pcxwd wny adj. ‘abominable’: pcxwd- wn✏ Lk16.15 E5/48v (~ ndyd⌫ ‘id.’); pl.
[pcx](w)d wn✏t E28/15v3; [pcxwd] wn-yt E28/66v23.
pcxwny m. ‘disgrace, reproach’ E26/5r2, 17; E28/9r17 (here [p⌫tfr⌫]s ‘punishment’ and pcxwny
together translate msm-b-r(⌫ ‘punishment’), v27 (~ msm-b-r(⌫).
pcxwzy m. ‘scoffer’(?) E26/25v23.
*pcxyz / pcx⇢y⌫t vb. ‘to kneel’: 3 sg. itr. pret.(?) pcx-y(t E27/56v30 (could also be restored as a
form of the itr. or tr. potential).
pcxyz mnty m. ‘kneeling’: [pcxyz⌫m]nt✏ E27/56v26 (~ sym bwrk⌫ ‘id.’); pcxyz⌫mnty E28/66v29.
pcy: see 1pc⌫y.
pc cyq adj. ‘profitable, advantageous’ ~ b⇡y etp el pt. ‘necessary’: pl. pc✏cyqt E27/7v27.
pcy ⌫z: see 1pc ⌫z.
pcy yr: see pc yr.
pcyqs: see pcqs-.
p⇢cynyq adj. ‘suitable, convenient’ ~ ⇡hn ‘id.’ E27/31r20.
pcyp qc f. ‘complaining’ E24c3.53.—Cf. psyp, ptsyp.
pcyst-: see *ptsynt.
pcyty: see 2pc⌫y.
pcywfs- vb. ‘to be changed, alter’ (itr.) ~ ( lp quad.refl. = lp e⇥tap al ‘id.’: Mt17.2 E5/127v;
E27/31v8, 69r26; E28/1v6; ~ lp etpa al ‘id.’ E27/31v15.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. mid.(?) pcy<w>fst✏ E27/31v15; 3 sg. fut. pcywfstyq⌫ E27/31v8; 3 sg.
impf. pcywfs Mt17.2 E5/127v; E27/69r26 (MS pcywp<s>!); 3 sg. opt. pcywfs E28/1v6;
pcywfsy E28/11v12*.
1
pcywp vb. ‘to change, alter’ (tr.) ~ ( lp quad. = lp ⇥ap el ‘id.’: pcywpy 3 sg. opt. E28/1r16.
2
pcywp: see pw-pcywp.
pcywps: see pcywfs-.
pcywz: see pcwz-.
pd-, S p↵- noun ‘foot; foundation’: loc. sg. pdy⌫ E26/16r14; S nom. sg. (for acc.) py Ps24.2 (~
(t⌫st⌫, pl. (t⌫s̈⌫ ‘foundation’).—Cf. 1p⌫d.
pd r / pd rt vb. ‘to sustain’. Pres. pt. pd rny ‘sustaining, nurturing’: pd⌫rn✏ E27/14r21; E28/
12r11 (~ mtrsyn⌫ ‘nourishing, sustaining’); also as m. noun ‘bishop’ ~ mdbrn⌫ ‘leader,
bishop’: npd⌫[rny] E27/55v18; pl. pd⌫rn✏t E27/54r24 (–); p(d⌫r)[nyt] E27/48r21. Pp. pd rty
E27/57r13 in passive pd⌫rty b- ~ trsy quad.refl. ‘to be sustained’.
pd rnqy , pyd rnqy f. ‘dispensation, providence’: pd⌫rnqy⌫ E29/5v7; pyd⌫rnqy⌫ E24c3.20 (~
mdbrnwt⌫ ‘id.’).—See BT XII, 86.
pd rty f. ‘allowance, portion’ Lk12.42 E5/130v (~ prs⌫ ‘id.’); E28/25A1.
*pd tqrqy f. ‘wrong-doing’: (pd⌫tqr)[qy⌫] E26/23r16.
pd tqry adj. ‘doing wrong’ and m. noun ‘doer of iniquity, wrong-doer’ ~ ⇡wl⌫ ‘unjust’ Lk16.10
E5/48v (x2); E27/104r18*; E28/23r9 (cf. 2 Samuel 17.7); ~ d-⇡wl⌫ ‘of iniquity’ Lk16.8 E5/
48r.
—Forms: pd⌫tqr✏ Lk16.8 E5/48r, Lk16.10 E5/48v (x2); pd⌫tqr⌫ voc. sg. m. E28/23r9; pl.
wpd⌫t-qr✏t E27/104r18*.
*pd tqy , S p↵ t ky f. ‘iniquity’ ~ ⇡wl⌫ ‘id.’ Ps5.11.
pd ty, S p↵ ty noun ‘id.’ ~ ⇡wl⌫ ‘id.’ Lk16.9, 11 E5/48r; Ps5.10, 11.5*; E27/40v6, 102v26; E28/
7v1*, 27v28(?).
—Forms: pd⌫t Lk16.9 E5/48r; pd⌫t✏ Lk16.11 E5/48v; pd⌫ty E27/40v6, 52r17, 102v26; E28/
7v1*, 27v28; E29/5r11; S p⌫ty Ps5.10, 11.5*.
pdbr⇢y m. ‘foot-soldier’ ~ pyg⌫ ‘id.’ E27/13r27.
pdfnq noun ‘joint (of ankle or wrist)’(?) E27/17r1 ((tf⌫r pdfnq ‘(to tie up by) the four ankle and
wrist joints’ ~ sgdys ‘like a dog’, see BT XII, 58).
pd w(⌫: see frm⌫n-pt w(y.
pdq-, S p↵k- f. (i) ‘judgement’ ~ dyn⌫ ‘id.’ E5; Ps19.10; E27/56r3*, 61r17, v19; E28/1r4, 3v19*,
24; also in the phrase pdq my⇠ ‘day of judgement’ ~ ywm⌫ d-dyn⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.15 E5/75r; ~
ywm⌫ d-(wnq⌫ ‘day of torment’ E23.275; (ii) ‘law, rule’ ~ p⌫⌫ ‘proper’ Ps29.0; (iii) ‘lawsuit’, in
the phrase pdq wn- ‘to make a lawsuit’ ~ dwn p al ‘to go to law’ Mt5.40 E5/28v; (iv)
̈
‘manner’, in the phrase pr bnt pdq ‘like a slave’ ~ l-⇡bdwt⌫ ‘into slavery’ E26/28r7.
—Forms: nom. sg. pdq⌫ Jn5.30 E5/41r; E27/61r17; E30/3r4f*; acc. sg. pdq⌫ Mt5.40 E5/28v,
Lk24.20 E5/72r, Jn5.24 E5/41r*; E26/2r3*(?), 28r7; E27/56r3*; E28/69A4*, 128B24*; nom.-
acc. as gen. sg. pdq⌫ Mt10.15 E5/75r; E23.275; gen.-loc.-abl. as acc. sg. pdqy⌫ E26/1v18; gen.
sg. pdqy⌫ E27/61v19; E28; loc.(?) sg. pdqy⌫ E28/22B3; abl. sg. pdqy⌫ E28/3v19*, 24; obl.
pdq⌫ Jn5.29 E5/41r; S nom. sg. pk⌫ Ps19.10, 29.0.
pdn- or pdny m. ‘kick’(?), only in the phrase pdnw brx⌫- ‘to let out a kick’(?) ~ b⇡* p al ‘to
kick’: acc. sg. pdnw E27/94v14.
pdwbs- vb. ‘to stick, attach oneself’: 2 sg. impv. pdwbs⌫ E26/1v6.
pdyb rcy f. ‘enquiry, trial’: pdyb⌫rcy⌫ E27/60r6 (~ b⇡t⌫ ‘enquiry’); E27/68r21 (~ (w⌫l⌫ ‘inter-
rogation’); obl. [pdy]|b⌫rc✏ E28/25A7f. Phrase pdyb rcy br-/*brt ‘to hold an enquiry’
E30/1v20; ~ ⇡qb pa el ‘to investigate’ E24c1.51 (thus Cat., cf. Henning 1946, 732; ed.
pdyb⌫(d)cy⌫); E26/30r29; ~ (⌫l pa el ‘to enquire’ E27/1v10*; ~ ytb p al + b-dyn⌫ ‘to sit in
judgement’ E28/27r27*.
p r- vb. ‘to swallow’: 3 sg. impf. p⌫ r E26/3v8; 3 pl. inj. p rnt E30/4r14 (~ ‘swallow’, SA Arm.
B 8).
p ⌫⇢y m. ‘betrothed’ ~ mkyr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/13v20.
p wzy adj.(?) ‘hidden’(?) E28/95A5.
*p w⇡ / p w⌫t- vb. ‘to conceal, hide’: 3 sg. m. itr. pret. p w(ty E29/6v16; 3 sg. f. itr. pret.
p w(t⌫ E27/11r26* (~ *(y p al ‘to hide oneself’); pp. p w(ty E27/94r23 (p w(ty (w- ‘to go
hidden’ ~ *(y etpa al ‘to hide oneself’).
pq r noun of unknown meaning: dir. and obl. in phrase pq r pq ry ‘individually’(?) E28/3r11.
S pk⌫ws: see bkws.
pl⌫⇠ yq adj. or noun ‘Philistine’ E28/44v2*.
pmbw m. PN ‘Pambo’ E27/94r12.
pm⇡- vb. ‘to be swept away’(?): pm,tyq⌫n 3 sg. fut. E26/1r18.
pn: see prm.
pn⌫c⌫s E27/13r27: mistake for pnc⌫s, see *stw-pnc⌫s.
pnc num. ‘five’ ~ m(⌫ ‘id.’ Lk19.18, 19 E5/125r; ~ h ‘5’ E47A5; pnc pnc ‘five each’ ~ m(⌫
m(⌫ ‘id.’ E27/68v9.
pnc s num. ‘fifty’ ~ m(yn ‘id.’ Lk16.6 E5/48r; E28/3r18.—Cf. *bt⌫st-pnc⌫s-nwmyq, *stw-pnc⌫s.
*pnc s f. ‘fiftieth day, Pentecost’: p(n)c⌫(s)[⌫] E28/65v10.—Cf. yw-pnc⌫s⌫.
pnc⌫st E26/15v27*: see pncst.
pnc ts, pncc num. ‘fifteen’ ~ m(⇡sr ‘id.’ E23.114, 171; E47A17*; ~ Arabic ‘fifteen’ E24/11A3
(cf. Sachau 1918, 403).
—Forms: pnc⌫ts E47A17*; pncc E23.114, 122, 171;26 E24/11A3.
pncmyq ordinal ‘fifth, fifthly’ E16A9*; E27/27v15* (~ my(y⌫ ‘fifth’), 31v26 (mistake for
pnmcyq, see s.v. pyrnmcyq); E29/1r5.
26
All three instances in E23 are read ‘10-3-2’ by Hansen, but in E23.171, the only one for which the MS survives,
the reading pncc is sure.
pncst, pnc st(?) num. ‘five hundred’: pnc⌫st E26/15v27* (mistake?); pncst E26/12v14*, 16.
*pnctsmyq ordinal ‘fifteenth’: p(n)c(t)[smyq] E26/10v4.
p-nm: see pyrnm.
pnmcyq: see pyrnmcyq.
pnms⌫: see pyrnms⌫r.
pnmstr: see pyrnmstr.
pn⌫- / pny⌫t- vb. ‘to perish’: 3 sg. opt. pn(y E26/28v21 (~ ⌫bd p al ‘id.’). Pp. pny⌫ty: obl. pl.
pny(tyty E26/9v6.
pnt, pn⇠ (i) adj. ‘near’, in phrases pnt d ‘neighbour, friend’ ~ qryb⌫ ‘id.’, lit. ‘(one who is)
near’ Lk10.36 E5/91r; pnt mrty ‘friend’ E26/24v14; (ii) adv. ‘near’, especially with x-/m⌫t in
the sense ‘to be near’ (~ qrb p al ‘id.’ E28/9r29), with b-/qt- or an itr. verb of motion in the
sense ‘to come near, draw near’: pnt/pn⇠ b-/qt- ~ qrb p al ‘to approach’ E24c3.15, 21f; ~ qrb
etpa al ‘to be brought near, approach’ E26/27r4, 28r1; ~ ⇡ll etpa al ‘to be brought in, enter’
E28/14r7* (rest.!); pnt/pn⇠ ys/ t E24c3.68; E27/27v16 (~ qrb p al); E29/5r8; pnt b w ~ qrb
p al Lk24.28 E5/72v; ~ qrb etpa al E27/87r4; pnt *prys/pr t ~ m*y p al ‘to arrive’ Mt24.33
E5/51v, Jn16.21 E5/79r; ~ qryb ... d-nm*⌫ ‘(to be) near to arriving’ E26/32v16*; pnt (...) ⌫w-
E27/17v3 (~ qrb p al), 31v2 (~ qrb etpa al ‘to be brought near, approach’), 32 (~ id.), 48v29,
57v15; E28/35A2*; nominalized: pnt (w[⌫mnty] ~ mtqrbnwt⌫ ‘approach’ E27/56v19; pnt
xyr/xrt E26/8r7, 25v6 (~ qrb p al), 27v10 (~ id.); E28/17v16; E29/6r4; with qwn- or a tr. verb
of motion in the sense ‘to bring near, offer’: pnt ... qwn- E23.144 (~ qrb pa el ‘to cause to
approach, bring’); E26/1v21*; pnt ny ~ qrb pa el E23.145, 288; pnt br- ~ qrb pa el
Mt10.18 E5/75r; E28/2ar1; pnt ⌫qr- ~ qrb pa el E26/7r8 (–); E27/48r5, 77r9; E28/12r27.
—Forms: pnt E5; E23.144, 145; E26; E27; E28/9r29, 19v4; E29/1v10*, 5r8, 6r4; pn+
E24c3.15, 21, 68. Combined: pnt(y E23.288.
pnt wy m. ‘vicinity’ E26/9r8.
pntq (i) adj. ‘near’: obl. pntqy ~ qryb⌫ ‘id.’ E28/14v3; (ii) adv. ‘near’, in phrase pntq * ys/ t ‘to
come near’ ~ qrb p al ‘to approach’ E27/17v2; (iii) postp. ‘near’, in phrase md⇢y pntq ‘near
here’ ~ qryb ‘near, nearby’ E27/22v5.
pnt-mrc adj. ‘close to death, about to die’ E26/14r8; E27/60r14 (pnt-mrc b- ‘to be close to
death’ ~ ⌫ty p al + d-n(kb ‘to come to die’), v27 (~ qryb ... l-mmt ‘near to die’).—Cf. mrc.
pntr compar. adj. ‘nearer’ E26/31v19 (≈ ytr pa el pt. ‘more, better’); E30/5v8.
pnt(y = pnt + 1(y.
S pntyws pyl tws m. PN ‘Pontius Pilate’ Creed 7.
pn⌥⌫ vb. ‘to destroy’ ~ ⌫bd ap el ‘id.’: 3 sg. subj. or pres. pn (t Mt16.25 E5/127r.
pny(t-: see pn(-.
pr, S pr prep. + acc. (i) ‘on, in, upon, at, for, to, over, against, concerning, by, according to,
with, through’ etc. ~ b- ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ ⇡l ‘on, upon, over, against, concerning’ NT+; Ps; ~ ⇡l
⌫pÿ ‘on the face of’ E26/23v9*; ~ byt ‘in’, lit. ‘(in) a place of’ E27/102r25; ~ d- ‘of’ E26/
24r24*; E27/40r7, 55r14; ~ qdm ‘before’ E23.124; ~ l⇡l mn ‘over’ E27/13r24, 24r6, 57r20; ~
mn ‘from, by’ E25/1v16; E28/12v10; ~ b-yd ‘by means of’ E27; E28/12v18; ~ b-gw ‘inside’
E27/31r9, v19, 40r22; ~ mn gwḣ d- ‘from within’ E27/69r13; ~ )yd ‘to’ E27/12r5; ~ l- ‘at, on,
to’ E23.166; E26/30v28, 32v34; E27; ≈ l- marking a direct object E23.123; E28/7v9, 9v23; ≈
w- ‘and’(!) Col1.14 E32/2v*; (ii) ‘to’ introducing a pres. inf. ~ l- ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 10 (x2).
Phrases: pr frywn ‘in blessing’ as a predic. adj. ‘blessed’: Lk1.68 E5/6r (~ brk pa el pass. pt.
‘id.’); E26/24r25* (≈ brk etpa al ‘to be blessed’); E27/51r15, 54r24 (x2), 28, 65r24* (~ brk
p al pass. pt. ‘blessed’); pr c wnc fr n ‘in what manner?’ ~ ⌫ykn⌫ ‘how?’ E27/12v3*; pr cr q
d r, S pr cr k ↵ r ‘to keep in pasture, to pasture’ ~ r⇡y p al ‘to pasture, tend, feed’ E27/87v14;
Hymn 7; pr cw fr n ‘in what manner?’ ~ ⌫ykn⌫ E24c1.14; ~ b-mn⌫ ‘by what?’ E26/27r5*; pr
... cwpr, S pr ... cwpr ‘upon, against, concerning’ (perhaps also ‘by means of, through’, only
E26/23r21) ~ b- ‘on, upon, against’ Ps24.2, 50.20; E23.247f (‘in’?); E26/31r12f; ~ ⇡l ‘upon,
concerning’ E24c1.49, 70; E26/31r21; ≈ l- marking a direct object Ps5.13; pr cwty ‘why?’ ~
l-mn⌫ ‘id.’ Lk19.23 E5/125r; E27/5v29*, 69v17; ~ m*l mn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/40r14, 68v25, 69r14*; ~
⌫ykn⌫ ‘how?’ E27/60r11; pr ... cyntr ‘in’ ~ b- ‘id.’ Mt10.28 E5/76r*(?); E26/23v5; pr ...
dstw/dsty ‘by means of’ ~ b-yd/b-⌫yd-/b-⌫ÿd- ‘id.’, lit. ‘by the hand(s) of’ 1Tim2.15 E6/18v*,
Tit3.6 E6/5v*; Rom5.21 E32/1r*; E25/1v11; E26/27r2, v34*, 28r1*; E27/60r31, 32, 77r4*;
E28/9v31, 14r16; ~ b- ‘by, through’ Col1.14 E32/2v*; ~ mn ‘by’ E26/24r35; [for the phrase
pr dstw wn-/qt- ‘to hand over’ see prdstw]; pr psyt ‘thereupon, immediately’ E29/4v18,
6r18f; pr ptcng/p⇠⌫ng *sxw y/sxwst- ‘to raise on the cross’ ~ zqp p al ‘to crucify’ Lk24.20
E5/72r*; E24c1.50; passive pr pt⌫ng/pt⌫nq sxwsty/swxsty b-/qt-, S pr p(c n)k sxws(t)[y
*⌦-/*kt-] ‘to be raised on the cross’ E26/31r16; E28/23v2; Creed 7 (~ zqp etp el ‘to be cruci-
fied’); pr ... s r ‘by’ E8v7f; pr ... sqy ‘upon’ ~ ⇡l ‘id.’ E23.110 (see BT XLV, 64); pr tr ⌥
p⇠b r, pr tr w p⇠f r ‘in swift haste’ ~ msrhb⌫yt ‘hastily’ Lk2.16 E3r; E27/12r7; pr tr w
p⇠f r tz ‘to make haste’ ~ srhb quad. = rhb sap el E28/9v13; (±ywn/ywny) pr wy q ‘on the
spot, immediately’ ~ bḣ b-(⇡t⌫ ‘at that very moment’ Lk24.33 E5/73r* (rest.!); E23.152, 232;
E26/27v25* (rest.!); ~ bh b-⇡dn⌫ ‘id.’ E23.111f; ~ br-(⇡th ‘id.’ E27/66v5; ~ m d⌫ ‘immediately’
E26/27r23f* (rest.!); pr z ry wy mrc ‘with a death of torment’ ~ by( by( ‘very harshly’
Mt21.41 E5/38v*; yw pr + num. ‘...-fold’, e.g. yw pr b(t)[⌫] ‘sevenfold’ E26/1v12; yw pr z⌫r
ZY yw pr brywr ‘thousandfold and tenthousandfold’ E26/23v7.—The construction pr +
abstract noun often translates a Syr. adverb, e.g. pr r(ty⌫q ‘in truth’ ~ (ryr⌫yt ‘truly’ Lk12.44
E5/130v, Lk24.34 E5/73r; E27; ~ try)⌫yt ‘rightly’ E27/12v15; pr wyn⌫wcyqy⌫ ‘in openness’ ~
gly⌫yt ‘openly’ Jn16.29 E5/79v. On pr m⌫nwqy⌫ in Jn9.9 E5/100r see s.v. m⌫nwqy⌫.
—Forms: pr passim; S pr passim. Combined: ⌫tpr E8; E21v1*; E26; E28; qtpr E28.
pr cy adv. ‘afar, far’ (+ cn ‘from’) E28/23v10, 27v15* (~ r yq⌫ ‘far’?).
pr f , S pr ⌦ , pr ⌦ kh prep. + 2nd pers. sg. pron. ‘in you, upon you, against you’ ~ bk/bky ‘id.’
Ps5.12 (x2); E27/7v23; E28/7r4.
—Forms: pr⌫f⌫ E23.267; E27/7v23; E28; E29/6r10; E30/4r23 (MS prf⌫!); S pr⌫⌘⌫ Ps5.12 (x2);
pr⌫⌘⌫kh Frg18.8.
pr⌫ t, pr⌫ +: see prys.
pr m prep. + 1st pers. sg. pron. ‘in me, upon me, concerning me’ (etc.) E26/7r3*(?), 16v16;
E28/73v6, 77v23*; E29/5r14*, 18; ~ by ‘id.’ E27/12r4, 111v3, 4; ~ ⇡ly ‘upon me’ E26/28v30;
E27/94r20, 111v7.
1
pr ny m. ‘insect’: obl. pl. pr⌫nyty E26/5r14.
2
pr ny vb. ‘to lead, bring’: 3 sg. fut. pr⌫nytq⌫ E27/126v28 (≈ (wy ap el ‘to make worthy’); 1 sg.
subj. pr⌫nyn E27/104r13* (qw f(qwx s⌫ pr⌫ny ‘to lead to a stumbling-block’ ~ k(l ap el ‘to
cause to stumble’); 3 sg. subj. pr⌫nẏṭ E28/14v4 (~ ⇡ly ap el ‘to raise’, perhaps read as ⇡ll ap el
‘to bring’).
pr⌫+t: see pry+.
pr⌫w: see 1prw.
S pr⌫y-s: see prys.
prbnty m. ‘burden, load’ ~ mwbl⌫ ‘id.’ E27/27v3.
prbrcy adj. ‘(due) to be transferred’ E30/2v20*.

prbx⌫, prb ⌫ / prb t, prbx⌫t vb. ‘to consign, deliver up, betray’ ~ (lm ap el ‘id.’ Mt10.17, 19
E5/75r; Lk24.20 E5/72r; E27/94v24. Pres. pt. prbx(n✏ ‘betrayer’ ~ m(lmn⌫ ‘id.’ Lk6.16
E5/91v. Passive prbx(t✏ b- ~ (lm etp el ‘to be delivered up’ Mt20.18 E5/34v.
—Forms: 3 pl. fut. prbx(ntq⌫ Mt10.17, 19 E5/75r; 2 pl. impv. prb (t E27/94v24; 3 pl. tr. pret.
prbx(d⌫rnt Lk24.20 E5/72r; pres. pt. prbx(n✏ Lk6.16 E5/91v. Pp. prb ty, prbx(t✏: prb ty
E29/4v23; prbx(t✏ Mt20.18 E5/34v; pl. prb tyt E28/23v3.
prbx⌫nty adj. ‘consigning’ ~ (lm ap el act. pt. ‘id.’: pl. prbx(ntyt E26/25r26.
prbyr, S pr⌦yr / prbyrt vb. ‘to tell, recount, declare, explain’ ~ (⇡y etpa al ‘to tell, declare’
Lk24.35 E5/73r; Ps19.2*; E23.289; E26/24r26; E28/12r10; ~ yd⇡ ap el ‘to make known,
inform’ E24c1.41, 8v2; E27/77v11; ~ ylp pa el ‘to inform’ E24c1.68; ~ sdr p al ‘to set forth,
repeat’ E24c3.23. Itr. pot. prbyrt b- (+ neg.) ~ mll etpa al pt. (+ l⌫) ‘cannot be told’ E27/
104r9, 13; ~ tny etp el or etpa al pt. (+ l⌫) ‘id.’ E28/7r16. Phrase wyd s-[ w](n) prb r ‘to
recount a wonder’ ~ tmh ap el ‘to astonish’ Lk24.22 E5/72r.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. prb✏rt E28/66v23; prbyrt E26/1r3; 3 pl. pres. prbyrnt E28/12r10; 3 pl.
pres. dur. prb✏rntqn Lk24.22 E5/72r; 3 sg. fut. prbyr+q⌫n E24c1.68; 3 sg. impf. prybyr
E28/98B2; 3 pl. impf. pr b✏(r)[nt] Lk24.35 E5/73r; pr✏byrnt E27/77v11; 1 pl. opt. prbyrym
E29/5v7; 3 pl. opt. p[rbyrynt] E26/7v5(?); 3 pl. opt. dur. prb[y]rynt(s)[qwn] E26/7v1; 2 sg.
impv. prbyr E24c1.41; E28/23v14; E30/6r3*; 3 sg. opt. itr. pot. prb-yrt b-y E27/57v21; prb-yrt
b✏ E27/104r9; 3 pl. opt. itr. pot. prb✏rt b-ynt E27/104r13; prbyrt b✏nt E28/7r16; 3 sg. tr. pret.
prbyrd⌫t E24c3.23; 3 pl. tr. pret. prbyrd⌫rnt E23.289; E26/24r26; p(rb)[y](r)[d]⌫[rn+] E24/8v2;
pp. (pr)[byrty] E26/23r9; S 3 sg. subj. pr⌘yr⌫t Ps19.2*.
*prbyr mnty m. ‘telling’: (prby)r⌫[mnty] E28/17r26.
†prbyrn+ E24c2.21: read ptbydn+.
prc noun ‘back’: [pr]c E27/111r3 (~ )⌫ ‘id.’). Obl. prcy as adv. and postp. ‘afterwards, after’
E15A9, 10; E26/3v13*, 16r11; E29/2v2, 4v7, 6v17; E42B5*, 6*; also in phrases cywydy
prcy, wdy prcy ‘after that, thereafter’ E9; E28/17v5f*, 7, 11.
prdbn, S pr↵⌦n, pr↵⌦ nh noun ‘deceit, fraud’ ~ nkl⌫ ‘id.’ Ps24.4, 34.14, 50.19*; ≈ nkwltn⌫
‘deceitful’ Ps5.7*.—Cf. pw-prdbn.
—Forms: prdbn E24c1.4; E26/2v23; E27/52v13; E28/23v17; S pr⌘⌫nh Ps34.14; pr⌘n
Ps5.7*, 24.4, 50.19*.
prdstw, pr dstw, pr dwstw as adv. or predic. adj. in the phrase prdstw wn-/qt- (and variants)
‘to hand over, entrust, commit’ ~ ⌫ d ap el ‘to hand over’ Mt21.33 E5/38r, Mt21.41 E5/38v; ~
g⇡l ap el ‘to commit’ E26/28r30*(?); E27/56r30, 69r10.
—Forms: pr dstw Mt21.33 E5/38r*; E27/56r30, 69r10; prdstw E26/28r30; pr dwstw Mt21.41
E5/38v.
prdyz noun ‘garden, orchard’ ~ gnt⌫, pl. gnn̈⌫ ‘garden’: prdyz E27/87r2; obl. prdyzy E27/87r11*,
16; pl. prdyzt E27/87r8.
prf⌫ E30/4r23: mistake for pr⌫f⌫.
*prf s / prf t vb. ‘to change colour’. Pp. prf ty ‘faded, pale’ ~ (ny pa el pass. pt. ‘changed’: f.
prf⌫c E27/68r26.
pr z noun ‘injustice’(?) ~ Arabic ◆aim ‘id.’ E28/1v21.
pr t-: see prxs-, pryc.
1
pr y⇡ / pr ⌫t, prx⌫t vb. ‘to deprive’: 3 sg. impf. *pry ✏, E28/23v17 (MS pr ✏,!); 3 sg. irr.
pr -y,ty E27/60r22 (~ glz p al ‘id.’); 2 pl. impv.(?) pr y,t E27/104v16* (~ ⇡lb p al ‘id.’). Pres.
pt. pr y⇡ny ‘depriving, thievish’: pl. pr y,nyt E34v3*. Pp. pr (t✏ ‘deprived’ E27/61r29* (~
glz p al pass. pt. ‘id.’); pr (ty E27/61r29* (~ id.); prx(ty E26/23v27 (≈ glz p al).
2
pr ⇡ vb. ‘to be deprived’: 3 pl. pres. pr ✏,nt E28/11v4.
prqy⌫ vb. ‘to confine’ ~ b( p al ‘id.’: 2 pl. impv. prqy(t⌫ E23.89.
prm, pn, 1pwn, S prm postp. + acc. ‘up to, as far as, until, during’. Mostly used in the
combination qw ... prm/pn, S kw ... prm ~ ⇡dm⌫ l- ‘until’ Ps28.9*; E23.275f*(?); E24c1.22;
E27; ~ l- ‘to’ E27/23v10, 60r6; ≈ ⇡l ‘upon’ Ps19.7*. Less often used alone (except in certain
idioms, for which see below): E23.298 (~ ⇡dm⌫ l-); E26/5v16; E28/65r5. Phrases: y m pn, qw
y m prm (and other spellings) ‘up to the end’ E25/1v22* (~ l-⇡lmyn ‘for ever’); E27/86v2 (~
⇡dm⌫ l-(wlm⌫ ‘till the end’); E28/24A28, 49v28; E29/5v18; [cw]ẋ̣m (ny) prm ~ mn klh lbkwn
‘with all your heart’ E26/27r7; S k↵ prm ‘till when?’ ~ ⇡dm⌫ l-⌫mty ‘id.’ Ps6.4*; qw prm/pn
‘how long?’ E26/15v3; E27/23r23; as conj. ‘so long as, while’ Gal4.1 E6/3r (c⌫f ,mnw qw
prm ~ km⌫ zbn⌫ d- ‘so long as’); E27/31v26 (qwpn ... nwqr ‘so long as ... now’ ~ km⌫ kyt d-
⇡dkyl ‘so long indeed as still’); with neg., lit. ‘so long as ... not’ ~ ⇡dm⌫ d- ‘until’ E27/25v16*,
65r28f*, 94v18; E28/7v27*; E30/6r17ff* (cf. SA Syr. 53); written qwpn ny E27/31v26 (~ ⌫l⌫
⌫n ‘unless’); (±qw) yqwn prm/pn, S kw ykwn prm ‘for ever’ Ps (~ l-⇡lm ‘id.’); E24c1.10f;
E26/16r16*, 24r23* (~ l-⇡lmyn); E27/27v14 (~ l-⇡lm ⇡lmyn ‘in saecula saeculorum, for ever
and ever’), 68v4 (~ l-⇡lm), 91v7f* (≈ d-⇡lmÿ ⇡lmyn ‘eternal’); E28/2av8 (~ l-⇡lm ⇡lmyn);
E29/6v3; qw yqwn yqwn prm, S kw ykwn kw ykwn prm Hymn 9 (~ l-⇡lm ⇡lmyn);
E26/23r12f; tym prm, tympn ‘still, yet’ ~ ⇡dkyl ‘id.’ E27/48r13; E28/3v16, 12r18; wytwr qw
... prm/pn ‘until’ ~ ⇡dm⌫ l- ‘id.’ Lk2.15 E3r; E5; Gal4.2 E6/3v; E26/27v6; E27/40r22f, 69r23;
E28/7r18 (wtwr!), 9r2f*; wytwr prm m t ‘until’ ~ ⇡d ‘id.’ E26/25v4.—Cf. S kwprm.
—Forms: pn E27; prm Lk2.15 E3r; E5; Gal4.1 E6/3r, Gal4.2 E6/3v; E22.3; E23.298;
E24c1.11, 22, c3.46; E26; E28; E29/1v2, 5v18, 6v3; E30/6r18; E36/3v3*; E42B4*; p<w>n
E27/69r23; S prm Ps; Hymn 7; 20222bv5. Combined: qwpn E27/31v26; tympn E27/48r13.
prm qycq noun ‘experience, experiment’ E26/24v14* (≈ nsy pa el ‘to test’); E27/31r16 (~ nsyn⌫
‘experience’).
prm n adj. ‘faithful, trustworthy’ ~ hymn quad. pass. pt. ‘id.’ Lk16.10 E5/48v (x2), Lk19.17
E5/125r.
prm nty , prm ndy , prmnty , prm✓nty f. ‘forgiveness, absolution’ ~ (wbqn⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.77 E5/6v,
Lk24.47 E5/83v*; Col1.14 E32/2v*; E27/31v29, 57v3; ~ wsy⌫ ‘absolution’ E26/24v19*;
E27/65r28*; ~ nn⌫ ‘mercy’ E24c1.75*. Phrases: prm nty wn- ‘to forgive’ ~ (bq p al ‘id.’
Jn20.23 E5/76v; E27/68r10; ~ nn p al ‘to have pity’ E27/94r3; passive prm nty qt b- ~
(bq etp el ‘to be forgiven’ Jn20.23 E5/76v.
—Forms: prm⌫ndy⌫ E24c1.6; Col1.14 E32/2v*; pr ⌫nty⌫ E26/24v34; prm⌫nty⌫ Lk24.47
E5/83v*, Jn20.23 E5/76v (x2); E19r1; E24c1.75* (ed. ]ty⌫, Cat. [prm⌫n]ty⌫); E26; E27; E28;
prmnty⌫ E21v3* (mistake?); prmnty⌫ Lk1.77 E5/6v.
prm nty -qryny m. ‘forgiver’: °ny E18v8 ( w⌫ny prm⌫nty⌫-qryny ‘forgiver of sin’ ~ (bwq⌫ d- *ḧ⌫
‘forgiver of sins’); *°n⌫ voc. sg. E18r11 (MS prm⌫nyty⌫-!) (~ (ql *yt⌫ ‘removing sin’).
prm⌫ty: see m⌫ny-prm⌫ty.
*prm y vb. ‘to experience’: 1 sg. subj. p[rm](⌫ỵ̇)n E28/7r20 (~ nsb p al + nsyn⌫ ‘to obtain
experience’).
prmnty⌫: see prm⌫nty⌫.
prnm: see pyrnms⌫r.
S prnwr -ktr(?) adj.(?) Cross v.—Reading and meaning both uncertain.
prp/prpt: see pryp.

prsqy⌫: see ⌫z⌫n-prsqy⌫.
prsm vb. ‘to wipe’ ~ (wy pa el ‘id.’ (cf. Lk7.38): 3 sg. impf. prysm E36/1v7*, 13*.
prsw t noun ‘soot’(?) E26/2v18*.
prs⌥h m. PN ‘Parsih’: prs ḧ E26/12r4, 20*, v1; prs h E26/12r12*, 14*; obl. prs ḧ E26/12r11.
prsym noun ‘punishment’ ~ tb⇡t⌫ ‘id.’ E27/12r27.
pr⌫nw (unknown word) E26/20A4*.
pr(t-: see pry,.
pr⌫t y, p⌫t y / pr⌫t t, p⌫t t, p⌫⇠ t, p⌫t yt, S p⌫t t vb. ‘to prepare, make ready, establish, fashion’ ~
*yb pa el ‘to prepare’ Lk1.76 E5/6v; E27/54v20, 68v8; ~ ⇡td pa el ‘id.’ E28/12v2 (if p(⌫ẏt is
a mistake for p(t⌫ẏt, see BT XLII, 38); ~ tqn ap el ‘to prepare, establish’ Ps24.2*; ≈ tqn
etpa al ‘to be prepared’ E26/27r24*. Passive p(t⌫ty b-, S p(t⌫ty [⌘-] ~ tqn etpa al ‘to be estab-
lished’ Creed 4; ~ *yb pa el pass. pt. ‘to be prepared’ E27/60r29. Past inf. p⌫t yt ‘to be pre-
pared’ ~ (w(* quad.refl. ‘to advance, progress’ E27/31v8. Pp. p⌫t ty as m. noun ‘construction’
~ twqn⌫ ‘id.’ E26/30v27.
—Forms: 3 sg. impf. pry(t⌫y E26/3r17; E27/54v20, 68v8; E28/23r16; 2 sg. opt. p(t⌫ẏ✏ Lk1.76
E5/6v; 3 sg. subj. p(t⌫ỵ̇t E26/1v10; *p(t⌫ẏt E28/12v2 (MS p(⌫ẏt); 2 sg. impv. pr(t⌫y E30/4v6;
p(t⌫y E28/17r1; 3 sg. tr. pret. *pr(t⌫d⌫rt E26/27r24*; p(t⌫d⌫rt E27/54r29; p(+⌫d⌫t E24c3.32; past
inf. p(t⌫yt E27/31v8; S 3 sg. tr. pret. p(t⌫⌫rt Ps24.2*. Pp. p⌫t ty, S p⌫t ty ‘prepared, fashioned,
established’: p(t⌫ty E26/10v7, 30v27; pl. p(t⌫tyt E27/60r29; S pl. p(t⌫tyt Creed 4.
pr(yd: see 1p(yd.
pr⇠ wy adj. ‘burning’: f. pr+⌫wc E26/31r18 (≈ (lhbyt⌫ ‘flame’).
pr+ t: see pr+xs.
pr⇠ncn noun ‘awning’ E27/17v5 (wy⌫n pr+ncn ‘awning of a tent’ ~ m(kn⌫ ‘tent’).
prtpd: see brtpd.
S prtr: see frtr.
1
prtw noun ‘time, occasion’: dbtyq prtw ‘a second time’ ~ twb + ⇡*p p al + d-tny⌫ ‘to repeat
̈
again a second time’ E27/55v16*; rf prtw ‘many times, often’ E27/31r16f (~ km⌫ zbnyn
̈
‘sometimes’), 102r20 (~ zbnyn sgÿ⌫n ‘many times’), Gv29*; ⌫y prtw ‘three times’ ~ tlt zbnÿn
‘id.’ E27/56v31 (prt↵), 57r29.—Cf. prwrtw?
2
prtw: see *n⌫-prty.
pr⇠w yq m. ‘Parthian’ ~ prtwy⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. pr+w⌫yqty E27/56v10.
pr⇠wty pp. ‘burned, singed’, in passive pr+wt✏ b- ‘to be singed’ ~ rk etpa al ‘id.’ E27/91r6.
pr⇠xs / pr⇠ t vb. ‘to be stretched out, be spread’: 3 sg. fut. mid. pr+xstyq⌫n E26/2v17; pp.
pr+ ty ‘stretched out (on the Cross)’ E26/31r12 (~ tly p al pass. pt. ‘hanging’).
prty: see *n⌫-prty.
pr⇠ync vb. ‘to stretch, stretch out, spread’ ~ mt p al ‘id.’: 3 pl. impf. pr-y+yncnt E27/66v19; 3
sg. opt. pr+yncy E26/31r20.
̈
pr⇠ynq noun ‘veil, curtain’ ~ w⌫l⌫, pl. w⌫lʾs ‘id.’: pl. pr+ynqt E27/57r21.
1
prw, pr w, S prw (i) adv. ‘together’, following a numeral: E26/23r6; E27; E28/3v16; (ii) postp.,
mostly with prep. dn, S ⇡M ‘with, together with’27 ~ ⇡m ‘id.’ NT+; Ps5.5*, 50.18; ~ ⇡m in the
sense ‘at the moment of’ E26/32v5* (see BT XXXV, 159); ~ d- ‘of’ Col1.12 E32/2v; ~ b- ‘by
27
Where dn ... pr(⌫)w governs two conjoined noun phrases, dn is repeated before each but pr(⌫)w is only placed after
the last in the series.
means of, with’ E26/31r18; E27/77v12; ~ lwt ‘in the presence of, with’ E27/48r3*; ~ byt
‘amidst, among’ E28/2ar15. Phrases: dwrt swq t dn tw prw ‘peace be with you’ ~ (lm lk
‘peace unto you’ E28/9r12, 20*; S t(w)[ ]cw rk sty (✏)[M] ... prw ‘what business do you
have with ...?’ ~ m⌫ lk w-l- ‘id.’, lit. ‘what (is it) to you and to ...?’ Ps50.16.
—Forms: pr⌫w Rom6.8 E32/1v* (x2), Col1.12 E32/2v; prw Lk2.15 E3r; E5; E12/2v6;
E23.121, 168, 222; E24c1.40; E26; E27; E28; E29/2r3, 7, 6r21; E30; E31v22*; E36/1v7;
E38B10; E42B1*; E43B3; S prw Ps5.5*, 50.16, 18; 20223r5, 20227v11, 14*.
2
prw adv. ‘then’: pr E26/2r13; prw E26/2v26, 5r4, 23v16; E29/5v1.
S prw⌫stky-⌫: see *prwstqy⌫.
*prwg yq m. ‘Phrygian’ ~ prwgy⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. prwg[⌫yqty] E27/56v7 (less likely prwg[y⌫yqty]
with ed.).
prwrt / *prwst- vb. ‘to go about, go around, roam, revolve, turn, become’ ~ krk etp el ‘to go
around’ E26/28r9; E28/5v22; ~ hpk etpa al ‘id.’ E27/48r14; E28/7r11. The reconstruction of
a pp. prwsty [rather than a pres. part. as in the first edition of this dictionary] in E28/7v26f*,
28*, as a translation of mtkrkn⌫ ‘itinerant’ is speculative, but cf. *prwstqy⌫.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. dur. prwrtmsq E28/5v22, 7r11; 3 pl. pres. dur. prwrtntq E27/48v13, 21
(?—MS prwrtq!); 3 pl. fut. prwrtntq⌫m E27/23v8; 3 sg. #z-impf. prwrt⌫z E27/48r14; dur. pt.
prwrtysq E26/28r9. Pp. *prwsty as m. noun ‘itinerant’(?): obl. pl. [prwsty]|t E28/7v26f(?);
(p)[rwstyty] E28/7v28(?).
prwrtw noun, prwrty m. ‘time, occasion’, preceded by a num. (or by cf ‘how many’, rf
‘many’) ~ zbnÿn ‘times’: E26/8r7 (cf. Brock 1982, §20); E28/1r19, 3r17, 5v26. Phrases: qt
dbt⌥q prwrt[w/y] ‘a second time’ ~ d-tr̈tyn zbnÿn ‘id.’ Jn9.24 E5/101r* (with qt as a calque
of Syr. d-); cn dbtyq prwrtw ‘id.’ ~ mn d-ry( ‘again’ Tit3.5 E6/5r.—Cf. prtw?
—Forms: prwrtw Tit3.5 E6/5r; E26/2v1*, 8r7, 14v10; prwrt[w/y] Jn9.24 E5/101r*; prwrty
E28/1r19, 3r17, 18; pl. pr(wr)[tyt] E28/5v26.
*prwst-: see prwrt.
*prwstqy , S prw stky- f. ‘itinerancy’(?) or ‘translation’(?): obl. prwstqy✏ E28/93A6; S
prw⌫stky-⌫ 12600IIv6*.
pr⌅str adv. ‘already’ ~ h(⌫ ‘now’ E27/104r11.
prwty conj. ‘for, because; but’ E26/1r3*, 15, 20; E28/62v2*, 6*.—Cf. p⌫rwty (s.v. p⌫t)?
*prwy- / prwyt vb. ‘to wrap, surround’: 3 sg. tr. pret. prw d⌫rt Mt21.33 E5/38r (+ adv. wrs
‘around’ ~ dr ap el ‘to encompass’); pp. prw✏t Lk2.12 E3r (~ krk p al pass. pt. ‘wrapped’).
1
prwyd noun ‘trial’ E26/14r11*.
2
prwyd / prwyst, prwydt, S *prwy↵ vb. ‘to look for, seek, require’ ~ b)y p al ‘to investigate’
Jn5.39 E5/41v* (rest.!); E27/11r25* (rest.!); ~ b⇡y p al ‘to seek’ Ps34.15; E23.88; E24c1.59;
E26/31v32; E27/111v2; E29/8v8; ≈ b⇡y etp el ‘to be sought’ E24c1.53; ~ wr p al ‘to look
(for)’ E27/22v8; ~ krk etp el ‘to go around’ E27/1v6*, 10*.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. prw-ydnt E27/111v2; prwydnt E28/23r4; 3 sg. pres. dur. prwyd+sq
E24c1.59; 1 sg. impf. prywydw E27/1v6*; 3 pl. impf. pr✏wydnt E27/22v8; 2 sg. opt. prwydy
E26/1r9; 1 pl. opt. (pr)[wydym] E27/11r25; 3 pl. inj.(?) prwydn+ E24c1.53; 2 sg. impv.
prw✏d E28/25A1; [prw d E28/14v15, mistake for prywyd]; prwyd E26/1v8, 9, 15; 2 pl. impv.
prwydt⌫ Jn5.39 E5/41v*; E23.88; pres. inf.(?) ṗrw✏d E28/25A5; 1 pl. tr. pret. prwydtd⌫rym
E26/31v32; 3 pl. tr. pret. *prwydd⌫rnt E29/8v8 (MS prwyrd⌫rnt!); pres. inf.(?) prw✏d E28/
25A5; past inf. [p]rw✏st E27/1v10; S 2 sg. impv. *prwy (MS prywy!) Ps34.15.
*prw⇢ydy m. ‘search’ ~ b⇡t⌫ ‘id.’: p(r)w-yd[y] E27/11r23*.
prwyr / prwrt vb. ‘to cause to become’, only in the phrases xw t prwyr/prwrt ‘to weaken’ (tr.)
E26/3v12f*; E27/48v14*; pwtqy prw⇢yr ‘to tear apart’ E27/12r18 (≈ bwsbs⌫ ‘laceration,
tearing apart’).—Cf. also 3 sg. pres. prwyrt s.v. prwyrt?
—Forms: 3 pl. fut. prw-yrntq⌫ E27/12r18; 3 sg. impf. opt. mid. prywyryt E26/3v13; 3 pl. tr.
pret. prwrd⌫rnt E27/48v14*.
prwyrd⌫rnt E29/8v8: mistake for prwydd⌫rnt, see 2prwyd.
prwyrt vb. ‘to turn (tr.), cause to become’: 3 sg. pres. prwyrt E28/41r[m] (or to prwyr?); 3 sg.
opt. mid. prwyrt✏t E28/12r29 (*xwy⌫r prwyrt ‘to render insignificant, devalue’ ~ bsy ap el ‘to
cause to disregard’).
prw ⇡ vb. ‘to nourish, feed, care for’: prw✏,[ E28/78B3.
†prx⌫m E23.348: read pr x⌫m.
prxs- / pr t- vb. ‘to be left, remain, be left over, be put aside’ ~ pw( p al ‘to be left, remain’
E26/25v14; E27/48r7, 69r26, 87v9; E41.4*; ~ (bq etp el ‘to be left’ E27/1v28; ~ ( r etp el ‘to
remain, be left over’ E27/102v22. Phrase ft r *prxs-/pr t- ‘to be left over’ ≈ ytr ap el ‘to
have more than enough’ E26/31v5.—Cf. pryc/pr t-.
—Forms: 3 sg. fut. prxstyq⌫n E26/25v14; 3 sg. impf. p⌫rxs E27/1v28, 69r26, 87v9; 2 sg. opt.
prxs✏ E28/25A8; 1 sg. subj. prxsn(!) E27/48r7; 3 sg. subj. prxs⌫t E27/102v22; prxs⌫t x⌫t
E41.4*; 3 pl. inj. prxsnt E26/31v29; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. pr ty E26/31v5.
prx(t: see pr y,.
prx⌫y qc f. ‘lamentation’ E24c3.53 (thus GMS §1002, ed. pr x(y⌫qc).
prxw y / *prxwst vb. ‘to tread, trample’ ~ dr( p al ‘to tread, walk’ E27/94v23; ~ zky p al ‘to
conquer, overcome’ E28/1r13. Passive *prxwsty (MS fr°!) [b-] ‘to be trodden’ ~ dr( etpa al
‘id.’ E28/14r5.
—Forms: 3 sg. opt. prxw⌫y E28/1r13; prxw⌫y⌫- E27/94v23; pp. pl. *prxwst[yt] E28/14r5 (MS
fr°).
prxwn vb. ‘to forbid, withhold, refuse’ ~ kly p al ‘id.’: 2 pl. pres. dur. prxwnt⌫sqn E26/31v5.
S prxwr y-t (unknown word) 12600Ir4*.
prxy noun ‘payment, hire, wages, recompense, reward’: prx E28/16r2, 69A9, 86B3; prxy E26/
12v16, 30r20, 35 (~ ⌫gr⌫ ‘id.’), 35; E28/23r14, 96A2*(?).
S pry-: see fry-.
pry wr noun ‘surrounding area, vicinity’: pry⌫wr ~ dr̈⌫ ‘id.’ E27/68r8. Phrase dywyd/prywyd
pry wr ‘in that vicinity’ ~ drhyn ‘around them’ E27/64v26*; ~ tmn ‘there’ E27/1v11*.—Cf.
p⌫y⌫wr.
*pr⌥by m. ‘cloud’: p[r]( b)[y] Mt17.5 E5/127v (~ ⇡nn⌫ ‘id.’); pl. [p](r) b✏t E28/78B7.
prybyr: see prbyr.
pryc / pr t- vb. ‘to leave, abandon’ ~ (bq p al ‘id.’ E5+; ~ rpy pa el ‘id.’ E27; E28/4r25,
12v26; ~ srq pa el ‘to deprive, abandon’ E27/102v27; ~ qwm ap el ‘to (cause to) stand’ E27/
60v30. In E27/27r10 (mistranslated in BT XII, 48), perhaps also E28/3v9*, the 2 sg. impv.
pr✏c translates rpy ap el 2 sg. impv. ‘let alone, much less’. Phrase ft r pryc ‘to leave over’ ~
ytr ap el ‘to have more than enough’ E27/94v29f, 30.—Cf. prxs-/pr t-.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. pr✏ct E28/16r6; pryc-t E28/16r11, 12; pr ct E28/16r4; pryct E28/16r7,
9*, 10*; pry(t E27/102r18; 3 pl. pres. p(r)[ycnt] E26/25r24; 1 sg. fut. prycng⌫ Jn16.28 E5/79v;
1 pl. fut. pr-ycymq⌫ E27/68r29; 2 pl. fut. pryct⌫q⌫ Jn16.32 E5/79v; pr-y(t.q⌫ E27/68r1; pr✏(t.q⌫
E27/68r2; 3 pl. fut. pr-ycntq⌫ E27/94v30; 3 sg. #z-impf. [p](r)[y](c)⌫(z) E28/31A6; 2 sg. impf.
p⌫r-ycy E27/6r14; 3 sg. impf. p⌫rc E27/1r26*; p⌫r c E28/65r12; p⌫r✏c E27/60r25; p⌫r-yc
E27/87v11; 3 pl. impf. p⌫ryc⌫nt E26/14r18; p⌫rcnt E27/94v30; p⌫r✏cnt E27/27r23*; p⌫rycnt
E27/27r12, v21*, 60v30; 3 sg. opt. pr c E28/4r25; pr✏cy E27/102v27; 1 pl. opt. prycym
E28/14v23; E29/5v6; 3 sg. subj. pr✏ct E27/61v30; 1 sg. inj. pr✏cw E27/69v19, 22 (?—MS
pr✏c!); 2 sg. impv. pr✏c E27/27r10, 51v16; E28/24B17; pr-yc E27/51v7, 102r29; pryc Mt5.40
E5/28v*; E26/8v3*; E28/3v9*, 12v26, 86B5*; E30/5v16*, 19; 3 sg. tr. pret. pr d⌫rt Lk10.40
E5/91r; E27/65r26; 1 pl. tr. pret. pr d⌫r✏m E28/8r24; 3 pl. tr. pret. pr d⌫rnd E25/1v14, 19; past
inf. pr t E27/60v15; pp. pr ty E26/1r10.
pryft-, pryf+-: see pryp.
pry y,: see pr y,.
pryq adj. ‘remaining, other’: pl. pryqt E27/27v16 (~ (rk⌫ d- ‘the rest of’); obl. pl. pryqty E27/
27r9.—Cf. p⌫ryq.
prymnt, prymnd, prymn⇠ prep. + dem. adj., pl. ‘in these, by these, concerning these, with
these, for these’ (at least in E27 used as pl. of prymyd) ~ b-(...) hlyn ‘id.’ E27/40v19, 69v21;
E28/5r16, 7r13; ~ d-hlyn ‘of these’ E28/14r8.28
—Forms: prymnd E28/7r13; prymnt E27; E28; E29/5r4, v8; prymn+ E28/23v5.
prymyd, prymy⇠ prep. + dem. pron. and adj. ‘in this, at this, by this, in these, for these’ etc.,
rarely preceded by a redundant pr: ~ b-(...) hd⌫/hn⌫ ‘at this, by this’ etc. Jn5.28 E5/41r, Jn16.30
E5/79v; E25/1r18; E27/31v14, 54v27, 94r21; E28/3r16, v15, 7v9; ~ bh b- ‘by means of this’
E28/14r10 (see Syr. s.v. -h); ~ b-hlyn ‘by these’ E28/7v5; ~ bhwn ‘by them’ E27/31v2; ~ d-
hd⌫ ‘of this’ E28/5r20*; ~ ⇡l ‘for’ E28/27v25. Phrase prymy⇠/d fr n /frğn ‘in this manner’ ~
hkn⌫ ‘thus’ NT+; ~ hkn ‘id.’ E28/8r5; ~ ⌫yk hkn⌫ ‘id.’, lit. ‘like so’ E28/3v23; ~ hkwt ‘like-
wise’ Mt21.36 E5/38v.
—Forms: prymyd E26/9v1*; E27; E28; pr m✏+ Lk24.24 E5/72r; pr m + E5; prym +
Mt21.36 E5/38v; prymy+ E5; E25/1r17*, 18, v18*; E26; E28; E30/2r8*.
prynq[ (unknown word) E27/52r11*.
pryp, prp / pryft-, pryf⇠-, prỵ̇pt-, prpt vb. ‘to lead, fetch, conduct, bring, take (in one’s
company)’ ~ dbr p al ‘to lead, take’ Mt17.1 E5/127v; E24c2.6; E27; E28/12v25; ~ ybl ap el
‘id.’ E24c1.59; ~ ⌫ty ap el ‘to bring’ E27/23r11, 77r12; ~ ngd p al ‘to draw, lead’ E27/7r23*.
Passive pryfty b- ~ dbr etp el ‘to be led, taken’ E27/68r17, 25. Phrase wdw pryp ‘to take a
wife, marry’ ~ (wtp quad.refl. + ⇡m ⌫ntt⌫ ‘to be married with a woman’ E27/102v23.—On prp
= pryp see BT XII, 53.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. prpt E27/40r23; 3 pl. pres. prypnt E28/12v25; 1 sg. fut. [p](r) pnq⌫n
E28/94B3; 3 sg. (for pl.?) fut. pryptq⌫n E28/17r6; 3 pl. fut. prpntq⌫ E27/39v1; [pry]pntq⌫n E28/
17r6*; 3 sg. impf. prp E27/7r23*; pryp E26/12r19*; E27/87v9; 3 pl. opt. prp-nt E27/77r12;
prypynt E27/87r15; 1 sg. inj. [†prpw E27/31r19—read pr pw-br↵ with Pirtea in BT XLV,
131-2]; prypw E27/102v23; 3 pl. inj. prypnt E23.301; 2 sg. impv. pryp E30/2r12; 2 pl. impv.
prptt E27/94v24; 3 sg. tr. pret. prỵ̇(p)d⌫rt Mt17.1 E5/127v (it does not seem possible to read
the fourth letter as f, cf. Sundermann 1975, 77 n. 105); 3 pl. tr. pret. pryfd⌫rn+ E24c2.6;
pryf+⌫rn+ E24c1.59*; past inf. prpt E27/23r11. Pp. pryfty: pl. pryft✏t E27/68r17 (MS
pryft✏nt!), 25.
prys / pr t, pr ⇠, S pr y-s / pr t vb. ‘to arrive, come, reach, attain, befall’ ~ m*y p al ‘to
arrive’ Mt21.34 E5/38r; Gal4.4 E6/3v; E26/28v6; E27; E28/5v14, 23; ~ m*y pa el ‘id.’
28
Note that the dem. adj. does not necessarily agree with the noun governed by the prep., e.g. prymnt (y n⌫m
, ✏r⌫mnt✏ z⌫wr ‘by the power of the invocation of these three names’ E27/57r10 (see BT XII, 116).
E24c2.12; E27/87v10; ~ m*y p al or pa el E27/26v1*; ~ m*y etpa al ‘to come, befall’ Hymn
5; ~ ⇡dy p al ‘to befall, affect’ E27/69r28; ~ ⇡r) p al ‘to befall’ E27/104r7. Phrases: pnt *prys/
pr t ‘to draw near’ ~ m*y p al ‘to arrive’ Mt24.33 E5/51v, Jn16.21 E5/79r; ~ qryb ... d-nm*⌫
‘(to be) near to arriving’ E26/32v16*; S kw ⌦rp⌫wny s r *prys/pr t ‘to come to conception’
~ b*n etp el ‘to be conceived’ Creed 6.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. pr-yst E27/31r5; pr(y)[s](t)[ E28/24B23(?); 3 pl. pres. pr✏snt E28/24A23;
prysnt E28/5v23; E31r3; 3 pl. pres. dur. prysntq E27/104r7; 3 sg. fut. prystq⌫ E27/48r28*,
54r16; 3 pl. fut. #z-impf. prys⌫zntq⌫ E27/12v4; 3 sg. impf. pr✏s E27; prys E26/3r20; 1 pl. impf.
prys✏m E27/87v10; 3 pl. impf. pr snt E28/5v14; pr✏snt E27/26v1*, 60v29, Gr29; 3 sg. opt.
prys E28/19v6; 3 sg. subj. pryṩt E26/12v2; 3 sg. itr. pret. pr⌫ t Mt21.34 E5/38r, Mt24.33 E5/
51v, Jn16.21 E5/79r; Gal4.4 E6/3v; E26/28v6, 32v16*; E27/48r29, v8; E28/65r13*; 3 pl. itr.
pret. pr⌫ tnt E29/1v10; pr⌫ +n+ E24c2.12; S 3 sg. opt. pr⌫y-sy 20222bv4; 3 sg. itr. pret. pr⌫ t
Hymn 5; Creed 6. Uncertain form: S pr⌫y-s[ 12600Ir1*. Pp. pr⌫ ty: pl. pr⌫ tyt E27/52r7.
prysm: see prsm.
pry⌫ yq m. ‘Pharisee’ ~ pry(⌫ ‘id.’: pl. pr (⌫ qt Jn9.16 E5/100r; pry(⌫ qt Lk16.14 E5/48v, Jn9.13
E5/100r; pry(⌫yqt Jn9.15 E5/100r*; obl. pl. pr ṧ˙⌫ qt Jn1.24 E5/19r.
pry(t: see pryc.
pry(t⌫y: see pr(t⌫y.
pr ⌫y m. ‘rags’ ~ r̈wq⇡⌫ ‘id.’: pr✏(y E26/28v34; pl. pr✏(✏t E26/27v25.
pry⇠ / pr ⇠t, pry⇠t vb. ‘to sell’ ~ zbn pa el ‘id.’ E26/28r7*; E27/60v26. Passive pr⌫+ty/pry+ty
b-/qt- ~ zbn etpa al ‘to be sold’ Mt10.29 E5/76r*; E26/28r11.
—Forms: 3 sg. opt. pr✏+✏ E27/60v26; 1 sg. tr. pret. pr⌫+d⌫rm E26/28r7*. Pp. pr⌫+ty, pry+ty:
pr⌫+ty E26/28r11; pl. (p)[r](✏)+(t)[yt] Mt10.29 E5/76r.
pr⌥t f. ‘hedge, fence’ ~ syg⌫ ‘id.’ Mt21.33 E5/38r.
pry+ync: see pr+ync.
pryw prep. + 3rd pers. sg. pron. ‘in him, upon him, through him, concerning her, in it, by it, over
it’ etc. ~ bh/bḣ ‘id.’ E5; E27; E28; ~ ⇡lwhy/⇡lyḣ ‘id.’ E5; E27; E28/8r13.
—Forms: pr w E5; E28; pryw E5; E27; E28; E31r2*, 3.
prywnt, prywnty prep. + dem. pron. and adj. (i) in E5/E27/E28 pl. ‘in those, on those, by those,
in them’ etc. (in E5 used as pl. of pryw, in E27 as pl. of prywyd): ~ bhwn/bhyn ‘in/by them’
etc. Lk1.78 E5/6v, Jn20.25 E5/76v*; E27/57r13, 68v8, 91r10; ~ ⇡lyhyn ‘on them’ Lk10.34
E5/91r; ~ ⇡l (...) h wn ‘on/concerning those’ E27/27r25, 39r8, 40v21; ~ ⇡l hlyn ‘concerning
these’ E27/40v18; prywnt (...) qy/qyt ‘on/concerning those (...) who/which’ ~ b-/⇡l (...) ⌫ylyn
d- ‘id.’ E27/104r11, 111v6; E28/12r8; prywnty dstw ‘by means of those (things)’ ~ b-yd hlyn
‘id.’ E28/14r6; ~ bhyn ‘by them’ E28/14r7; (ii) in E29 sg. ‘on it’ ~ bḣ ‘id.’ E29/1r10 (cf.
Deut5.14).
—Forms: pr ẉ̇nt Lk1.78 E5/6v; pr wnt Lk10.34 E5/91r; prywnt Jn20.25 E5/76v*; E27; E28/
12r1*, 8; E29; prywnty E28/14r6, 7.
1
prywyd, prywy⇠, prywy⇠y, S *1prywy↵ prep. + dem. pron. and adj. ‘in that, at that, on that, by
that’ etc., rarely pl. ‘in those’ etc. ~ b-(...) h↵/hẏ ‘in that, through that, by that’ E27/31v26,
40v6, 54v22; E28/3v15, 22*, 4r30; ~ ⇡l ... hẏ ‘in that’ E27/87r7; ~ b-... hlyn ‘by these’ E28/
5r27*; ~ bḣ ‘by it’ E27/56v28*; ~ ⇡l ⌫pÿ ‘on account of’ Ps13.1*; ~ b- ‘in’ E27/1v10; E28; ~ ⇡l
‘upon’ E27/23v11*. Phrases: p° fr n ‘in that manner’ E26/31v12 (~ hkn⌫ ‘thus’); E28/11v1,
37B29, 93A5; p° qt/qyt (i) ‘in that (one) which’ ~ b-⌫yn⌫ d- ‘id.’ E28/14r11f*, 13, 15, 17*; (ii)
‘in that, in so far as, because’ ~ ⇡l d- ‘id.’ E26/31r27; E27/104v4; ~ m*l d- ‘because’ E27;
E28/7v18; ~ b-d- ‘in that’ E28/3r12; ~ d- ‘(in) that’ E27/68v26; p° p t/p ‘because’ ~ m*l d-
E27; E28/8v13*, 109v29 (cf. 1 Jn2.11); E30/6v3, 17; ~ b-hẏ d- ‘id.’ E27/31v9f; p° yty ‘id.’ ~
m*l d- E27/7r25*, 17r3*; ~ b-d- E27/19v1; ~ d- E27/14v11.
—Forms: prw d E28/14v15 (mistake); pr✏wyd E28/18v24; prywyd E27; E28; prywy+ E26;
E28; E30; E31r8, 10*, v12; prywy+y E28/14v10; S (pry)[wy] Ps13.1.
2
prywyd, S 2prywy: see prwyd.
prywyr: see prwyr.
pry⇡ / pr⌫t- vb. ‘to flee’ ~ ⇡rq p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. pres. pr✏,t E28/16v4; 3 sg. impf. (p)⌫[ry,] E27/1v5;
3 sg. opt. pr✏,✏ E28/3v13; pr✏,y E27/94r26; 1 pl. opt. pr✏,ym E28/4r23; 2 sg. impv. pr-y,
E27/51v28 (–); pry, E23.284; E28/24B17[d] (–); [E30/4v4: mistake for fry,]; 3 sg. m. itr.
pret. pr(ty E29/6v15 (–).
pry⇡ mnty m. ‘fleeing, flight’ ~ ⇡rwqy⌫ ‘id.’: pr✏,⌫mnt✏ E27/61v16* (–); pry,⌫mnty E28/4r27,
28.
przbr noun ‘parable’: przbr ~ mtl⌫ ‘id.’ Mt13.18 E5/109r*, Mt13.24 E5/109v*, Mt21.33 E5/38r;
obl. przbr E28/26A7 (–); pl. przbrt ~ pl⌫t⌫ ‘id.’ Jn16.25 E5/79r, Jn16.25, 29 E5/79v; E27/
Rr3* (–).
przr adj. ‘excessive, very much, very many, very great, extreme’ and adv. ‘very much, alto-
gether, extremely’ E23.208 (≈ rb⌫ ‘great’), 225 (≈ id.); E26/23r3; E27/1v18, 17r3 (~ sgy⌫⌫
‘many’), 4 (~ id.), 66r3, 69r28 (~ swg⌫⌫ d- ‘great number of’), 94r15; E28/7r5*; E29/6v14.
*pr⇡wn noun ‘filtration’(?): [p](r),w(n) E38B2.
pr⇡ync vb. ‘to besiege’(?): 3 pl. inj. pr,yncnt E26/6B3.
ps- vb. ‘to ask (a question)’ ~ (⌫l pa el ‘id.’ E5; E24c1.60; E27/68v18; E28/3v12, E28/9v21.
Phrase ( )wprs ps- ‘to ask a question’ ~ (⌫l pa el E27/6r12, 60r17.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. psty E26/1r13; 3 sg. impf. ps⌫ E27/6r12*, 60r17, 68v18; E36; 3 pl. opt.
ps✏nt Jn1.19 E5/19r; 3 pl. opt. dur. ps✏ntq E26/16v6*; 3 sg. subj. ps⌫t Jn16.30 E5/79v; E26/
1r13; 2 sg. impv. ps⌫ E26/3v19 (ps⌫(); E28/9v21; 2 pl. impv. pst⌫ Jn9.21 E5/100v, Jn9.23 E5/
101r; 3 sg. tr. pret. pst⌫t E24c1.60; 3 pl. tr. pret. psd⌫rnt Jn1.25 E5/19r, Jn9.15 E5/100r, Jn9.19
E5/100v*; E28/8r20; 1 sg. tr. pluperfect psd⌫rw E28/3v12.
1
ps⌫: see ps-.
2
ps , pts , 1pts r, S pts r adv. and conj. ‘then, on the other hand, but, yet’ ~ ⌫l⌫ ‘but’ Ps5.10*;
E26/25v25; ~ dyn ‘id.’ E23A27; E27/40r4, 111r4; E28/3v16; ~ hydyn ‘then’ E23.77*; ~ hkyl
‘then, therefore’ E23.140.
—Forms: ps⌫ E23.140, A27; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/5r10; pts⌫ E30/4v18*; pts⌫r E23.77*
(restore [p](t)s⌫r with Cat., cf. Gershevitch 1946, 180); E26; E29/2r1; E31r16*; S pts⌫r
Ps5.10*.
ps q f. ‘crown, wreath’ E27/48v25; E28/1r18 (~ klyl⌫ ‘id.’), 9v2 (~ id.), 16r17, 18*, 35B7*.
ps⌫( = 1ps⌫ + -(.
psqpy: see ⌫psqwp⌫.
*pspy- vb. ‘to cast’(?): 3 sg. impf. [p]⌫spy E28/19r13.
pst- adj. ‘low, low-lying’: nom.-acc. f. as abl. sg. pst⌫ E26/24r18 (pst⌫ mrx⌫ z⌫y ‘low-lying flat
land’ ~ pq⇡t⌫ ‘plain’).
pstn- f. ‘delay, respite’: nom. sg. pstn⌫ E27/54r14 (~ ⌫tr⌫ ‘space, room, opportunity’?—see BT
XII, 100); acc. sg. pstn⌫ E24c2.14 (~ ⇡dn⌫ ‘time’); E27/17r4, 51r27.
pstw- vb. ‘to renounce, disown’ (+ pr) ~ kpr p al (+ b-) ‘id.’ Mt10.33 E5/76r (x2), Mt16.24 E5/
127r; E28/112A6 (cf. Mt16.24); E36/3r8* (cf. Mt26.75).
—Forms: 1 sg. fut. pstw⌫ng⌫ Mt10.33 E5/76r*; 3 sg. impf. p⌫stw E36/3r8*; 3 sg. subj. pstw⌫t
Mt10.33 E5/76r, Mt16.24 E5/127r; E28/112A6*.
*pswc / psw t- vb. ‘to purify’: pp. psw t ‘pure’ Mt6.22 E1/2r (~ p(* p al pass. pt. ‘simple’,
itself ~ ἁπλοῦς); psw ty E28/9r31 [mistake for fsw ty], 36r6.
pswqpy: see ⌫psqwp⌫.
psw-stwr noun ‘sheep’ E36/2r3 (~ dkr⌫ ‘ram’, cf. Gen22.13).—Cf. stwr.
psxnt noun ‘mockery’, only in phrase psxnt wn- ‘to make mockery’ (+ pr) ~ mwq pa el ‘to
mock’ (+ b-) Lk16.14 E5/48v.—Cf. ptsxnt.
psy m. ‘asking, enquiry’ E26/30r34.
*psyd, S ps y↵w noun ‘failing’ ~ by(t⌫ ‘evil (deed)’ Hymn 4.
psyd- vb. ‘to fail, diminish’ ~ sr p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. fut. psydtyq⌫ E27/94v21.
psynd rmyq adj. ‘agreeable, in accord (with: pr)’ E33B7.—Cf. *ptsynt.
psyng noun ‘leper’ ~ grb⌫ ‘id.’ E23.220.
psyp m. ‘slander’: ps-yp E27/52v14; ps p E28/77r25.—Cf. pcyp⌫qc, ptsyp.
psyt, unclear word in phrase pr psyt ‘thereupon, immediately’ E29/4v18, 6r19.
p⌫ noun ‘lip’ ~ spt⌫, pl. s̈pwt⌫ ‘id.’: pl. p(t E24c2.6.
p⌫ br noun ‘provisions (for a journey)’ E26/30r29.
p⌫ y, p⌫y / p⌫ t, S p⌫ y / p⌫ t vb. ‘to throw, throw down, overthrow, cast, cast out’ ~ (dy p al ‘id.’
Mt5.30 E5/28r*; E26/27v18, 31v24; E27/22v9, 60v10; E28/7r18f; ~ rmy ap el ‘id.’ Jn21.6
E5/80v; E27; ~ s p pa el ‘to overthrow’ E26/28r10*; ≈ (dy etp el ‘to be cast’ E27/22v6; ~
zw⇡ ap el ‘to excite’(!) E27/12r1. Passive p(⌫ty b- ‘to be cast’ ~ (dy etp el ‘id.’ E28/7r24*; ~
(lm etp el ‘to be delivered up’ E24c1.63*. Pp. p⌫ ty ‘cast, cast down, lying’ ~ mkyk⌫ ‘cast
down, prostrate’ E27/77v18*, 94r8; ~ ytb p al act. pt. ‘sitting’ E26/28v19*. Phrase *p⌫ y/p⌫ t
ryw ‘to cast oneself down’ ~ npl p al ‘to fall’ E26/29v10.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. p(⌫yt E27/57r29; 3 sg. fut. [p](⌫ytq (n) E28/33A11; 3 sg. impf. p⌫(⌫y
E26/3r12*, 12r19, 15r8; E27/83r12; 3 pl. impf. p⌫(⌫ynt E26/14r6; E27/14v23, 22v9, 69r22; 1
sg. subj. p(⌫yn E27/104r11; 2 sg. subj.(?) p(⌫y⌫ E30/6r15; 3 sg. subj. p(⌫ẏt E28/12v2 (mistake
for p(t⌫ẏt?—see s.v. pr(t⌫y); 2 sg. impv. p(⌫y Mt5.30 E5/28r*; E26/1v18; E27/12r1; 1 sg. tr.
pret. p(⌫d⌫rm E28/7r18f; 2 sg. tr. pret. p(⌫d⌫ry E29/4v22; 3 sg. tr. pret. p(⌫d⌫rt E26/1v24*,
27v18, 31v24 (mistake for 3 pl.?); p(⌫td⌫rt E26/28r10*, 29v10; 3 sg. tr. pret. p(⌫d⌫rnt Jn21.6
E5/80v; past inf. p(⌫t E26/5r9; E27/22v6, 25v5; E29/4v15, 18; S 2 sg. pres.(?) p(⌫y-⌫y
12600Ir11; 3 pl. tr. pret. p(⌫⌫r⌫nt 12600IIr11*. Pres. pt. p⌫ ny as m. noun ‘thrower’: pl.
p(✏nyt E27/22v10. Pp. p⌫ ty: p(⌫t✏ E27/60v10; p(⌫ty E24c1.63*; E26/27v11*, 28v19*; E27/
77v18*; E29/4v19; pl. p(⌫t✏t E27/94r8; p(⌫tyt E28/7r24*.
p( (t-: see 1pc ⌫z.
p( t-: see p(ync.
p⌫q r m. ‘persecution’: p(q⌫r E27/68v13 (~ rdwpy⌫ ‘id.’); obl. p(q⌫ry E29/2r4, 9.
p(qwr: see 1pcqwyr.
p⌫qyr-, p⌫qr- / p⌫qrt vb. ‘to drive out, persecute, hunt down’ ~ rdp p al ‘id.’ Mt10.23 E5/75v*,
Jn15.20 E5/73v*; E27/48r22* (rest.!), 102r27.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. p(q✏rnt Mt10.23 E5/75v*; 3 sg. opt. p(qr-y E27/102r27; 3 pl. opt. dur.
p(qryntq E28/17v12; 2 pl. impv. [p(](q)rt⌫ E29/3v5*; 3 pl. tr. pret. p(q rd⌫rnt Jn15.20 E5/
73v*. Pp. *p⌫qrty ‘persecuted’: p(qrty E28/128A28; pl. [p(qr]tyt E27/48r22.
p(m⌫r: see pw-pcm⌫r.
p⌫n- m. ‘trap, ambush’: acc. sg. p(nw E26/2r21*.
p⌫n f. ‘heel’ E27/31v13.—On the form of the stem see BT XXXV, 102.
p⌫p cyq adv. ‘suddenly’ ~ mn (ly⌫ ‘id.’ E27/54v28.
p⌫p ty adv. ‘id.’ E26/15v10 (in phrase cn p(p⌫ty ‘id.’); E27/12r7, 54v17 (~ Arm. yankarcaki
‘sudden’, see BT XII, 109), 60v2 (~ h⌫ ‘behold; now’), 77r10; E30/2v17.
*p⌫pr / p⌫prt vb. ‘to trample; to bury’: 3 sg. tr. pret. p(prd⌫rt E27/51v13*, 120r4 (~ dw( p al ‘to
trample’); pp. p(prt✏ E27/51r22; p(prty E26/28r4* (~ *mr p al pass. pt. ‘buried’).
p(pr-: see pcpr-.
*p⌫prn noun ‘pavement’(?): [p](()prn E28/41r30.
p⌫t q noun ‘armament, armour’ E28/11v6.
p⌫t nt[ (unknown word) E28/75v5.
1
p⌫t wn noun ‘admonition, injunction; covenant, testament’ ~ dytq⌫ ‘covenant, testament’ Lk1.72
E5/6v* (rest.!); 1Cor11.25 E6/7v. Phrase p⌫t wn [wn-] ‘to make admonition’ ~ zhr pa el ‘to
admonish’ E27/25v11.
—Forms: p(t⌫wn Lk1.72 E5/6v*(?); 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; E26/2v14*, 12v3; E27/25v11; E28/
17r21; E29/7r6*; pl. p(t⌫wnt E28/65r11.
2
p⌫t wn noun ‘preparation’ E28/9r6.
p(t⌫y/p(t⌫t, p(+⌫t: see pr(t⌫y.
p⌫tn vb. ‘to spread, scatter’ ~ bdr p al ‘id.’: 1 sg. tr. pret. p(tnd⌫rm E28/7r19.
S *p⌫tn- vb. of uncertain meaning: 3 sg. impf. p⌫(tn 20223v2*.
p⌫ty- vb. ‘to admonish, instruct’: 3 pl. pres.(?) p(t✏nt E27/Mr4*; 3 pl. pres. dur. p(tyntqn E28/
65r10; 3 sg. impf. p⌫(ty E27/14v23*.
p⌫w⌫- vb. ‘to dry up’: 3 sg. impf. p⌫(w( E27/22v14 (~ *lq etpa al ‘to fail, disappear’).
*p⌫w⌫ qc(?) noun ‘drying up’: p((w()[⌫qc] E26/2r18f.
1
p(y: see p(⌫y.
2
p(y, S p(y: see p(ys⌫r.
p⌫ycyq adj. ‘latter, later, subsequent’: pl. p(ycyqt E27/57v27; E28/38v4, v8.
1
p⌫yd, pr⌫yd vb. ‘to sit, rest, recline’: 3 sg. subj. pr(yd⌫t E29/5r18; 3 sg. tr. pret. p.(✏d⌫rt Lk24.30
E5/72v (~ smk etp el ‘to recline (at a meal)’).
2
* p⌫yd vb. ‘to cause to recline, seat (at a meal)’: 3 sg. fut. [p(y](d)tq⌫ Lk12.37 E5/130r (~ smk
ap el ‘id.’).
p⌫ync / p⌫ t- vb. ‘to shed (blood), pour’ ~ ⌫(d p al ‘to shed’ E23.318; E28/23r10 (cf. 2 Samuel
17.7); ~ nqy pa el ‘to pour’ E27/11v19*. Passive p( ty b- ~ ⌫(d etp el ‘to be shed’ E26/
31v14.
—Forms: 1 sg. #z-impf. p(ync⌫zw E27/11v19*; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. p( ty E26/23v14. Pres. pt.
p⌫yncny ‘shedder (of blood)’: voc. sg. m. p(yncn⌫ E23.318* (restore p(yn(c)[n⌫]); E28/23r10.
Pp. p( ty E23.346; E26/31v14.
p⌫ynt p⌫ynty adv. ‘into (several) pieces’ ~ qlyl qlyl ‘very small’ E26/27v11.
p⌫ynty m. ‘part, piece’ ~ plg⌫ ‘half, part’: obl. pl. p(ynt✏ty E27/66v11*.—Cf. dw⌫-p(ynty.
p⌫ys , p⌫ys r, S p⌫y-s r adv. ‘after, thereafter’ and postp. ‘after’ (often with prep. cn) ~ (±mn) btr
‘after’ E5+; ~ btrh ‘after it’ Ps34.15; ~ b-(wlm⌫ d- ‘at the end of’ E27/55r23; ~ ⌫ ry⌫ d- ‘the
last of’ E28/7v25.
—Forms: p(✏s⌫ E27/Tr3; p( s⌫ E5; p(ys⌫ Mt16.24 E5/127r (x2); E24c1.34, 57*; E27; E28;
E31r20; p(ys⌫r E23.204; E28/24A20, 21, B21; E30/4r20*, 5r22; S p(y-s⌫r Ps34.15.
p⌫y⇠(?) vb. ‘to cast, send, loose’(?) ~ (mr pa el ‘id.’: 2 sg. opt.(?) p(y+y E28/12v26.
pt Mt2.2 E3v: mistake for p⌫t (see Sundermann 1981, 201 n. 360).
pẗ , pẗt⇢ m. ‘fall, collapse’: pẗ⌫ E26/2r19; pẗt-⌫ E26/2r18*.

pt w, p⇠ w, S pt w vb. ‘to endure, bear’ (tr.) ~ sybr quad. ‘id.’ Mt10.22 E5/75v; Hymn 7; E24/
8v1; E28/2av1* (rest.!).
—Forms: 3 sg. #z-impf. pt⌫w⌫z E28/23r10; 3 sg. #z-impf. dur. pt⌫w⌫sq E28/23r8; 1 pl. opt.
p(t)[⌫wym] E28/2av1; 3 pl. opt. [p]t⌫w✏nt E28/24A22; 3 pl. opt. dur. pt⌫w✏ntqn E28/23r24; 3
sg. subj. pt⌫wt Mt10.22 E5/75v; 2 sg. impv. pt⌫w E28/25A3; 2 sg. tr. pret. pt⌫wd⌫ry E26/
13v11*; 3 sg. tr. pret. pt⌫wd⌫rt E26/16r13, 31r31; 3 pl. tr. pret. p+⌫wd⌫rn+ E24/8v1; S 2 sg. tr.
pret. pt⌫w⌫ry Hymn 7*.
pt wp zny , ptwp zny f. ‘patience’ ~ msybrnwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27.
—Forms: pt⌫wp⌫zny⌫ E28; ptwp⌫zny⌫ E27; obl. ptwp⌫zny⌫- E27/31r11.
p+b⌫r: see p+f⌫r.
ptbd-, ptbt-/ptbst-: see ptbyd-.
ptbdy m. ‘consciousness’: ptbdy E26/26v16 (~ hwn⌫ ‘mind, reason’); obl. [pt](b)d(y)y E28/
96B1.
ptby-, S pt⌦y- m. ‘honour, reverence’ ~ ⌫yqr⌫ ‘id.’ Ps29.1*, 2*.—Cf. S pt⌘yw-cyk.
—Forms: nom. sg. ptby E24c1.9; E26/23r4*(?); nom. sg. as acc. ptby E23.213* (restore
[pt]by with Benveniste 1947, 95); E26/23v17; acc. sg. ptb✏w E27/11v18*; ptbyw E26/1v14;
E28/10r9* (MS ptbwyw!); S acc. sg. pt⌘yw Ps29.1*, 2*.
ptbyd-, ptbd-, ptbt- / ptbst- vb. ‘to be aware (of), perceive, feel, notice, experience, know,
understand’ (+ pr) ~ skl etpa al ‘to understand, perceive’ Mt13.19 E5/109r, Lk24.45 E5/83v;
E24c1.37, 39, c2.21; E27/39r11; ~ byn etpa al ‘to understand’ E24c1.30; E27/83r9* (rest.!);
~ yd⇡ p al ‘to know’ E27/4v2*, 19r1*; ~ rg( p al pass. pt. ‘to perceive’ E26/27v13; ~ rg( ap el
‘to feel, perceive’ E27/31v21, 39v5, 61r24; E28/1v8, 2ar11*. Phrase rb qt t ptbst t ‘the
wise and sensible’ ~ qn̈yy md⇡⌫ w- kmt⌫ ‘(those) who have acquired understanding and
knowledge’ E27/31r17.—In Rom11.19 E6/6r, ptbyst✏ b- translates *⇡m etp el ‘to be grafted’
(SyrLex, 543a, meaning 5), which the translator probably understood as ‘to be perceived’
(ibid., meaning 3).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ptb-ydty E27/61r24; ptbydty E27/51r31; 3 pl. pres. ptbydnt E27/31v21,
39v5; 2 sg. pres. dur. ptbydysqn E26/27v13; 3 sg. pres. dur. ptbydtysq E28/11r13; 1 pl. pres.
dur. ptbdymsq E24c1.39; 2 pl. pres. dur. ptby+[⌫sq](?) E24c1.37;29 2 sg. fut. ptbydyq⌫ E27/
51v25; 3 sg. impf. ptybyd E27/4v2*, 39r11; 3 pl. impf. ptybdnt E26/10r9; ptybydnt E27/
83r9*; 3 sg. opt. ptbydy E28/1v8 (?—MS ptbyd!), 2ar11*; 3 pl. opt. [p]tbyd✏nt E28/95B3; 3
sg. subj. ptbd⌫t Mt13.19 E5/109r; 3 pl. inj. ptbydn+ E24c2.21 (thus Cat., ed. prbyrn+); 2 sg.
impv. ptbyd⌫ E26/1v2*; pres. inf. pr ptbtw Lk24.45 E5/83v; 2 pl. itr. pret. ptbsty(t⌫ E24c1.30
(see Henning apud GMS §867). Pp. ptbsty, ptbysty ‘perceived, notable; sensible’: ptbyst✏
Rom11.19 E6/6r; pl. ptbst✏t E27/31r17*; ptbstyt E27/19r1*.
ptbyd mnty m. ‘perception, feeling, sense’: ptbyd⌫mnty E28/12r18 (~ rg(⌫ ‘sense’); obl. pl.
ptbyd⌫mntyt✏ E28/66v24.
ptbydqy⌫: see *nw-ptbydqy⌫.
ptb nt vb. ‘to reply’: 3 sg. impf. ptyb✏nt E27/23r29 (~ ⇡ny p al ‘id.’ or pny pa el ‘to respond’).
S pt⌦yw-cyk adj. ‘honoured’ ~ d-⌫yqr̈⌫ ‘of honours’ Ps24.7*, 8, 9*, 10*; ~ yqr pa el pt. ‘hon-
oured’ Ps24.10*.
ptc n, pc n noun ‘treasure’: pc⌫n E26/2r11, 14; ptc⌫n E26/1r21*, 2r15*.
29
Thus rather than ptby+[t⌫sq] with Cat., cf. the simplification of -dt- to -t- in pc⌫ty⌫ in the same MS (E24c2.23).
ptc (t-: see 1pc ⌫z.

ptcng: see pt(ng.
S ptc(p⌫n: see pcp⌫n.
p⇠f r, p⇠b r m. ‘haste’, only in the phrases pr tr ⌥ p⇠b r, pr tr w p⇠f r ‘in swift haste’ ~
msrhb⌫yt ‘hastily’ Lk2.16 E3r; E27/12r7; pr tr w p⇠f r tz ‘to make haste’ ~ srhb quad. = rhb
sap el ‘id.’ E28/9v13.
p⇠fr- m. ‘honour, respect’: acc. sg. p+frw E26/12r6.
1
ptfr w vb. ‘to remember’ ~ dkr etp el ‘id.’: 2 sg. impv. ptfr⌫w E26/24r34.
2
ptfr w noun, ptfr wy m. ‘memory, remembrance, recollection, commemoration’ ~ dwkrn⌫ ‘id.’
1Cor11.24 E6/7v; E27/55v21; E28/12v15; ~ ⇡whdn⌫ ‘id.’ E23.298.
—Forms: ptfr⌫w 1Cor11.24 E6/7v; E31r13*(?); ptfr⌫w-y E27/55v21; ptfr⌫wy E23.298; E26/
23r6*; E28/2ar19, 12v15.
1
ptfs- / ptfs t vb. ‘to read’ ~ qry p al ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v; E24c1.36, 38; E27/31v27f, 104v14*;
E28/14v10; ≈ qry etp el ‘to be read’ E27/55r29*. Passive ptfs⌫ty b- ~ qry etp el E27/55r23.
—Forms: 1 pl. pres. dur. ptfsymsq E24c1.38*; 2 pl. pres. dur. ptfs+⌫sq E24c1.36; 3 pl. impf.
ptyfsnt E30/1r13*; 2 sg. opt.(?) ptfsy E28/66r22; 3 pl. opt. ptfsynt E27/55r29*; 3 sg. subj.
ptfs⌫t E28/77r29; 2 sg. impv. ptfs⌫ E28/14v10, 118A4; pres. inf. cn ... ptfs⌫ E27/104v14*; pr ...
ptfsy E27/31v27f; pp. ptfs⌫t✏ Mt21.42 E5/38v; ptfs⌫ty E27/55r23. Pres. pt. ptfsyny as m. noun
‘reader’: acc. sg. ptfs-ynw E27/48r24.
2
ptfs- m. ‘(act of) reading’ in phrase qry ny ptfs- ‘reading of a text’ ~ qryn⌫ ‘reading’: acc. sg.
ptfsw E28/12r20.
ptfs mnty m. ‘id.’ ~ qryn⌫ ‘id.’: ptfs⌫mnt✏ E27/54v30; ptfs⌫mnty E28/3r20, v6f*; E31r6* (–).
pt d m. ‘cup’ ~ ks⌫ ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v (x2); E26/31v12; E27/12v18.
—Forms: pt ⌫d 1Cor11.25 E6/7v (x2); E26/31v12; E27/12v18; E29/5v5; obl. *pt ⌫dy E29/
5v3 (MS pt ⌫ry!).
S pt m noun ‘message’ ~ ptgm⌫ ‘word’ Ps33.4.
pt mbry, S *pt m⌦ry m. ‘apostle’ ~ (ly ⌫ ‘id.’ Lk6.13 E5/91v; Rom11.13 E6/5v* (rest.!);
E26/31v7; E27; ~ krwz⌫ ‘preacher’ E28/9r30.
—Forms: pt ⌫mbr✏ Rom11.13 E6/5v*; E27/57v25; pt ⌫mbry E28/9r30; pl. pt ⌫mbr✏t Lk6.13
E5/91v; E27/54v29, 55v20; pt ⌫mbr-yt E27; pt ⌫mbryt E27; E28/23v1; obl. pl. pt ⌫mbr✏t[y]
E27/48r10; pt ⌫mbryty E26/31v7; S [p]t ⌫m⌘[ry] 20222a+r4 (Reck 2018, 43).
S pt m⌦rymync adj. ‘apostolic’ ~ (ly y⌫ ‘id.’ Creed 12.
pt r adj. ‘negligent’: obl. pl. pt( ⌫r)t(y) E28/18r19.
pt ⌫ry E29/5v3: mistake for pt ⌫dy, see pt ⌫d.
pt n- f. ‘type, manner’, only loc. pt ny as postp. ‘like’ ~ ⌫kwt- ‘id.’ E27/7r26, 91v4.
S *pt r⌦ty f. ‘understanding, comprehension’: S (p)[t r⌘]ty⌫ ~ md⇡⌫ ‘id.’ Ps19.3.
pt wnt / 1pt wst-, *pt swt- vb. ‘to cover, hide’: 3 sg. pres. pt wnt E28/109r21, 22; 3 sg. impf.
pty wnt E27/57v25; E30/2r10; 2 sg. opt. pt wn-ty E30/6r7 (~ kb( p al ‘to hold down, sub-
due’, SA Syr. 52). Pp. pt wsty ‘hidden’: pt wsty E28/21B5*; E29/4r2; acc. sg. m. pt wst↵
E27/57r15 (~ ksy p al pass. pt. ‘id.’); nom. sg. f. pt swc⌫ E27/54v17 (~ id.); pl. pt wst✏t E27/
31v17 (~ id.); E28/13B7, 38r6.
2
pt wst-: see ptxw⌫y.
1
pt w⌫, p⇠ w⌫, ptxw⌫, S pt w⌫ / 1pt w⌫t, pt w⌫⇠, p⇠ w⌫⇠ vb. ‘to hear’ ~ (m⇡ p al ‘id.’ NT+; ~
ylp p al ‘to learn’ E24c1.95. Passive pt w(t✏ ... *b-/qt- ~ (m⇡ etp el ‘to be heard’ Jn9.32 E5/
101v.
—Forms: 2 sg. pres. or opt. ptxw(y E30/6v7; 3 sg. pres. pt w(t E27/48v24; 1 pl. pres.
pt w(✏m E28/23v8; 3 pl. pres. pt w(nt Jn5.25 E5/41r* (or subj.?); E28/27v26 (mistake for
impf.?); 1 sg. pres. dur. pt w(msq Jn5.30 E5/41r; 2 pl. pres. dur. pt w(t⌫sqn Mt10.27 E5/76r*,
Mt13.17 E5/109r*; 3 sg. fut. pt w(tq⌫ E27/108v7*; 3 pl. fut. pt w(ntq⌫ Jn5.25, 28 E5/41r; 1
sg. #z-impf. [pt w(](⌫z)w E27/6r14; 3 sg. #z-impf. pt w[(⌫z] E27/53r4; 3 sg. #z-impf. dur.
pt w(⌫zsqwn E27/13v25; 2 sg. impf. pty w(y E21v5; 3 sg. impf. pty w( E26/7v5, 12r14;
E27; E28/27r20*; E29/4v1, 17; 3 pl. impf. pty w(nt E27/66v1*; 2 sg. opt. pt (⌫ E26/1v7;
pt w(y E26/1v4; 3 pl. opt. pt w(-ynt E27/55r24; 3 sg. subj. pt w(t Mt13.19 E5/109r*; E27/
60v22; 2 sg. impv. pt w( E27/27v26; 2 pl. impv. pt w(t⌫ Mt17.5 E5/127v, Mt21.33 E5/38r;
E28/23r19; pres. inf. pr pt w( Mt13.17 E5/109r, Jn9.27 E5/101r; 1 sg. tr. pret. [pt w(d⌫r](m)
E26/25v23; pt w(+⌫rm E24c1.95; 3 sg. tr. pret. pt w(d⌫rt Jn9.35 E5/101v; E23.207, 214; E26;
E28/7r26; pt w(t⌫t E24c2.2; p+ w(+⌫t E24c1.22, c3.3; 1 pl. tr. pret. pt[ w(d⌫rym⌫] Col1.9
E32/2r; pt w(d⌫rymn E30/1v16; 2 pl. tr. pret. [pt w(]d⌫r (t⌫ Mt5.38 E5/28v; (pt)[ w(d⌫ry(t⌫]
Mt5.33 E5/28r; 3 pl. tr. pret. pt w(d⌫rnt Lk2.20 E3v; E5; E26/10r8*; dur. pt. pt w((y)[q]
Lk10.39 E5/91r; S 1 sg. impf. pty- w(w 20222bv1. Pres. pt. pt w⌫ny ‘hearing, able to hear;
hearer, listener’: pt w(ny E23.154, 160; voc. sg. m. pt w(n⌫ E27/57v28; E28/33A5*; pl.
pt w(n-yt E28/49r29*; (p)t( )[w(ny](t) E27/51r16. Fut. pt. p+ w(cyq ‘audible’ E24c3.63*
(ed. (p+ ••)c•, read (p)+( w()c(y)[q] with Cat.?). Pp. pt w(t✏ Jn9.32 E5/101v; pt w(ty E28/
53B29*.
2
pt w⌫ / 2pt w⌫t vb. ‘to be heard, become audible’ ~ (m⇡ etp el ‘to be heard’: 3 sg. impf. pty w(
E27/54v17; 3 sg. itr. pret. [pt w(](t) E27/5v29*(?).
3
pt w⌫ noun ‘hearing, sense of hearing’ in phrases w⌫y pt w⌫ ‘the hearing of the ear’ ~ m(m⇡t⌫
‘(faculty of) hearing’ 1Cor12.17, 17* E6/20v; pt w⌫ wn- ‘to make audible’ ~ (m⇡ ap el ‘id.’
E27/55v27.
pt w⌫ mnt m. ‘hearing’ ~ (m⇡⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57r12.
pt w(qy⌫: see frm⌫n-pt w(qy⌫.
pt w(y: see frm⌫n-pt w(y, 1pt w(.
ptq r f. (i) ‘face’ E28/10r23 (~ pr)wp⌫ ‘id.’), 75v2 ; (ii) ‘picture, icon’ E26/13r1.
ptq ry m. (i) ‘face, image’ (of God) ~ pr)wp⌫ ‘face’ Lk1.76 E5/6v; ~ )lm⌫ ‘image’ E27/40r20;
E28/1r23*; ~ )lmnwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/40r16; (ii) ‘image, idol’ (of a heathen deity) ~ )lm⌫ E27/
65v24.—Cf. ptqry.
—Forms: ptq⌫r✏ Lk1.76 E5/6v; E27/40r16; ptq⌫r-y E27/40r20; ptq⌫ry E20r7*; E28/1r23*; acc.
sg. ptq⌫rw E27/57v20, 25, 65v24; pl. ptq⌫ryt E28/112B6 (x2).
ptq s noun ‘confinement, imprisonment’: ptq⌫s E26/5r3 (probable emendation for Hansen’s
ptq⌫m in a lost fragment); E27/94v26 (~ bw(y⌫ ‘id.’); E28/51A2; obl. ptq⌫sy E28/16r27.
ptqry, S ptkr y m. ‘image, idol’ (of a heathen deity) ~ ptkr⌫ ‘idol’ E23.244*, 280, 284; E26/
27v7*, 28r10; E28/10v30; ~ )lm⌫ ‘image’ E23.247; E29/4r4 (cf. Dan2.31); ~ ⌫plwn ‘Apollo’
E23.223; ≈ ⌫lḧ⌫ ‘gods’ E23.290* (restore [p](tq)[ry] with Henning apud Gershevitch 1946,
183, and Benveniste 1947, 106 n. 5).
—Forms: ptqry E23; E29; voc. sg. ptqr⌫ E23.284; pl. ptqryt E23.223; E26/8r6; obl. pl. ptqryty
E26/27v7*, 28r10, 30v16*; E28/10v24, 30; S obl. pl. ptkr⌫yty 12600Iv6*.—Cf. ptq⌫ry.
*ptqry-sp sqy f. ‘idol-worship’ ~ pwl n⌫ d-ptkr̈⌫ ‘id.’: [ptqry-sp](⌫)s(q)y⌫ E27/40v7*.
ptqry-sp sy m. ‘idol-worshipper’: pl. ptqry-sp⌫syt E29/1r5.—Cf. sp⌫sy.
ptqryst ny m. ‘idol-house’ ~ nws⌫ ‘temple’ E23.237, 242, 279*; ~ byt ptkr̈⌫ ‘house of idols’
E28/10v20*.
—Forms: ptqryst⌫ny E23.237, 242, 279*; pl. ptqry(s)[t⌫nyt] E28/10v20.

*ptqwn-d nqy f. ‘false religion’: (p)tq(wn-)d✏(n)qy⌫ E28/17v19.
ptqy⌫, ptq⇢⌫ / ptq⌫t, ptqy⌫t vb. ‘to imprison, confine, comprise’ ~ b( p al ‘id.’ E27/25v18,
94r16; E28/3v25. Passive ptqy(t[y b-] ~ b( etp el ‘to be imprisoned, confined’ E27/64v28.
—Forms: 3 sg. fut. ptq-(tq⌫ E27/51v4f; 3 sg. #z-impf. ptqy(⌫z E28/3r2. Pp. ptq⌫ty, ptqy⌫ty
‘imprisoned, confined’: [ptq(]t✏ E27/25v18; ptqy(ty E28/3v25; f. ptq(c E27/94r16; pl.
ptqy(t[yt] E27/64v28.
ptm q noun ‘measure, rank’ E26/25r10, 12; E27/57v26; E28/5v24* (~ m(w t⌫ ‘id.’).
ptm⌫qcyq: see n⌫-ptm⌫qcyq.
ptmwq noun ‘clothing, garment’ E25/1v19; E27/108r3*.
ptmync / ptmw t-, S ptmw t- vb. ‘to clothe, clothe oneself’ ~ lb( p al ‘to clothe oneself’
Gal3.27 E6/3r; E26/27r8; ~ lb( ap el ‘to clothe’ E27/57v23 (?—cf. Gen3.21). Passive
p(t)[mw ty b-] ~ ksy etpa al ‘to be clothed’ Mt6.29 E1/2v. Phrases: qr⌫n w ptmync ‘to
clothe in beauty, adorn’ ~ lb( ap el ‘to clothe’ Mt6.30 E1/2v; mz n ptmync ‘to clothe in
armour’ ~ zyn pa el ‘to arm’ E28/12v1; S tmp r *ptmync/ptmw t- ‘to put on a body’ ~ g(m
etpa al ‘to become incarnate’ Creed 5.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ptmynct E28/12v1; 3 sg. pres. dur. ptmynctqn Mt6.30 E1/2v; 3 sg. impf.
ptymync E27/57v22, 23; 3 pl. impf. ptymyncnt E21v1; 3 sg. subj. ptmynct E28/12v1; 2 pl.
inj. ptmync+⌫ E26/27r8; 2 pl. tr. pret. ptmw d⌫r (t⌫ Gal3.27 E6/3r; pp. ptm t⌫ E26/14r14;
ptmw ty Mt6.29 E1/2v*; E26/12r16; E28/19r8, 19*, 24A23*; S 3 sg. tr. pret. ptmw ⌫rt
Creed 5.
ptn-my⌫: see ,ny⌫-ptnymy⌫.
1
ptnwb noun ‘beating, scourging’ E27/7r17 (~ ngd⌫ ‘id.’), 25r10 (~ id.); E28/65v6*.
2
ptnwb vb. ‘to beat, scourge’ ~ ngd pa el ‘id.’: 3 pl. fut. ptnwbntq⌫ Mt10.17 E5/75r.
ptnwy adv. ‘newly, anew’ E26/14r14*.
*ptn-xw⇡qy f. ‘seeking excuses’: pt(n-)[xw,qy⌫] E27/51v22.
1
ptnym noun ‘trapping, gear; implement(?)’: ptnym E40r5; pl. ptn✏mt E27/105r8 (~ m⌫n̈⌫ ‘gear,
trappings’).
2
ptnym, ptnymy⌫: see ,n⌫-ptnym, ,ny⌫-ptnymy⌫.
ptnyz vb. ‘to roast’: 2 pl. impv. ptnyzt⌫ E29/6v4.
ptr-, S ptr- m. ‘father’ ~ ⌫b⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Hymn 9; Creed 1, 3, 9. Often used as a title of monks
and solitaries, usually ~ ⌫b⌫, occasionally ~ sb⌫ ‘old man’ (E27/61 passim; E28/9r20, 28) or ~
*wbn⌫ ‘blessed’ (E28/65v5). Phrase b - ptr- ‘God the Father’ ~ ⌫b⌫ ‘the Father’ E5; E26/27r7,
31r13; E27/91v6.—Cf. m⌫t-ptry.
—Forms: nom. sg. ptr E5; ptry Mt10.21 E5/75v*; Gal4.2 E6/3v; E26/12r12*, 13, 25v7*;
E27; E28; E29/4r11 (as abl.), v10; E36/2r2*; nom. as acc. sg. ptr Lk1.73 E5/6v; ptry Jn16.23
E5/79r, Jn16.28 E5/79v; Col1.12 E32/2v; E26/27r2*, 42A4, 9*; E28; acc. sg. ptrw E18v11;
E27; gen. sg. ptr✏ Mt25.34 E5/126r; E27/57r9; ptr-y E27/40r5, 104v1, 5; ptr Mt10.29, 32
E5/76r; ptry E23.70; E26; E27/94r28; E28/8r27, 16r8; E29/6r14; abl. sg. ptr⌫ E5; E27/87v16*;
E28/109v21*(?); voc. sg. ptr⌫ Jn17.25 E5/83r; E28/9r20, 10r28; ptry⌫ E26/27v36; nom.-acc.
pl. ptrt⌫ E24c1.34 (as gen.), 50; E26/7r4, 24r26; E27/48r20 (x2), 61r19; E28; E29/4r7; gen. pl.
ptrty⌫ E27/31v32; E28/7v11, 75r[m]*; E31v7*; abl. pl. ptrty⌫ E27/60r2*, Bv27*; E28/8r1*; S
nom. sg. ⌫ptry Hymn 9; acc. sg. ⌫ptrw Creed 1; abl. sg. ⌫ptr⌫ Creed 3, 9.
ptr fy f. ‘support’ ~ smwk⌫ ‘id.’ E27/126r26 (see Pirtea in BT XLV, 137-8).—See also s.v.
*pt(ty-.
1
ptr m noun ‘ease’ E28/16r27.
2
ptr m vb. ‘to pacify, make still’: 3 sg. tr. pret. ptr⌫m[d⌫rt] E25/1v12 (≈ (ly p al ‘to become still’).
ptrq n noun ‘patrimony, inheritance’ ~ yrtwt⌫ ‘id.’ Mt21.38 E5/38v*; Col1.12 E32/2v*; E26/
27r11; E27/51r6 (–); E29/2v10* (cf. Ps2.8). Phrase ptrq n ny s ‘to take (as) an inheritance’ ~
yrt p al ‘to inherit’ Mt25.34 E5/126r; E28/16r11 (–).
ptrq n-xw r, ptrq n-xw ry m. ‘heir’ ~ yrt⌫ ‘id.’: ptrq⌫n-xw⌫r Mt21.38 E5/38v; E28/31A4*(?) (–);
(pt)[rq⌫n]-xw⌫ry E30/3r12f (–); pl. ptrq⌫n-xw⌫rt Gal3.29 E6/3r*, Tit3.7 E6/5v*.
ptrms- vb. ‘to cease’: 3 sg. subj. ptrmst E26/29r2.
ptr⌫tr- compar. adj. ‘higher’ ~ rm⌫ ‘high, higher’: nom. sg. f. ptr((tr)[⌫](?) E28/14r19.
ptrt: see ptyr-.
ptrwc vb. ‘to shine forth’: 3 sg. impf. ptyrwc E30/2v18*.
ptrwx⌫- vb. ‘to be silent, cease speaking’: 2 sg. impv. (p)tr(wx)(⌫ E27/66r15 (~ skr p al + pwm⌫
‘to shut the mouth’); unclear form (p)t(rwx)( E30/2v5.
ptryrk (Syr.) ‘patriarch’ E28/9r14.
ptryst-: see ptry+.
ptrystqy f. ‘mixture, confusion, lack of discrimination’, only in phrase (±pr) p° as adv. ‘indis-
criminately’: E28/14v6 (~ m l*⌫yt ‘in a mixed way’), 12 (~ mmzg⌫yt ‘id.’).
ptry⌫ / ptry⌫t- vb. ‘to tear, break’ (tr.), ‘to be torn, be broken, split’ (itr.): 3 pl. pres. ptr✏(nt
E28/19r17; 3 pl. impf. ptry(nt (for ptyry(nt?) E20v5 (~ )ry etpa al ‘to be torn asunder’, cf.
Mt27.51); 3 pl. opt. dur. ptry(yntsq ‘(the angels) were tearing up’ E26/24v20 (≈ tl etp el or
etpa al ‘to be torn up’); 3 pl. augmented itr. pret. ptyry(tnt E26/31r26 (qfnt ptyry(tnt ‘split
(and) broke’ ~ )ry etpa al). Pp. ptry⌫ty: pl. ptry(tyt E26/15v14*.
ptry⌫tqy noun ‘laceration’ E26/27v12* (~ mwm⌫ ‘blemish’), 27* (~ sdq⌫ ‘laceration’).
ptry⌫y adj. or m. noun ‘(something) torn up’ E26/24v27 (ptry(y b- ‘to be torn up’ ~ tl etp el or
etpa al ‘id.’).
ptryt postp. + gen. ‘towards, against’ ~ lwqbl ‘id.’ Mt5.39 E5/28v; E27; E28/4r21, 12v1.
—Forms: ptr✏t E27/68v15, 94r30, v2; ptr t Mt5.39 E5/28v; E28/4r21; ptryt E27; E28/11r25,
v6, 12v1.
ptry⇠ / ptryst- vb. ‘to be mixed, mingle’: 3 sg. impf. ptyry+ E26/3v6*; past inf. ptryst
E27/31v18 (~ l* etpa al ‘to be mixed’); ptrỵsty E27/31v12 (~ mzg etp el or etpa al ‘id.’—
see Pirtea in BT XLV, 134).
ptryt-nm nqy f. ‘hypocrisy, prejudice, pretence’ ~ msb b-⌫⇤⌫ ‘id.’ E28/1v6f.
*ptryt-nm ny f. ‘id.’ ~ msb b-⌫⇤⌫ ‘id.’: obl. [ptryt]-nm⌫ny⌫- E27/56r6.—See Cat., 113; Kessel–
Sims-Williams 2011, 299.
ptry⇡ vb. ‘to hold up, raise’: 3 sg. impf. ptyry, E26/16v16; 2 sg. impv. ptry, E28/12v6.
ptrz- vb. ‘to rise up, arise; to lift oneself up, become exalted, be proud, be haughty’ ~ rm ‘(to be)
high, exalted’ Lk16.15 E5/48v; ~ rwm ettap al ‘to rise up, be exalted; to be proud’ E27/48r17,
94r28 (see BT XII, 167); E28/5v30, 7r21.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ptrzty Lk16.15 E5/48v (or pp.?—see BT XXXII, 95); 3 sg. pres. dur.
ptrztysq E28/7r21; 3 sg. fut. ptrztyq⌫ E27/94r28; 3 sg. opt. ptrz-y E27/48r17; 3 pl. opt. ptrz✏nt
E28/5v30; 3 sg. tr. pret. ptrzd⌫rt E29/1v5.
pts⌫: see 2ps⌫.
pts c vb. ‘to arrange, order’: 2 sg. pres. pts⌫cy E27/27v26* (problematic form, see Sims-Williams
1996, 182 n. 23); 3 pl. pres. pts⌫cnt E28/112B6.
pts d, S pts ↵ noun ‘shield’: pts⌫d E28/11v6; S pts⌫ Ps5.13 (~ skr⌫ ‘id.’).
pts q noun ‘arrangement, order, ordinance, regulation’ ~ *ks⌫ ‘id.’ E27/54v23, 55r30; E28/3v7; ~
*wks⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12r3, 9. Phrase ⇣xsy pts q ‘order of battle’ ~ sdr⌫ ‘order’ E27/31r6f.
—Forms: pts⌫q E27/31r7; E28/3v7, 41r26, 112A2; obl. pts⌫qy E28/12r3; pl. pts⌫qt E27/54v23,
55r30; E28/12r9.
1
pts⌫r: see 2ps⌫.
2
pts r noun ‘head of a bed’ ~ ⌫s̈d⌫ ‘pillows’ E27/51v26 (see BT XII, 99), 57r27.
pts t-: see ptsxs-.
ptspyn- vb. ‘to be useful’: 3 sg. fut. ptspyntyq⌫ E27/51v16.
ptsrwmy m. ‘caster of spells’: ptsrwmy E30/4v13; obl. pl. ptsrwmyty E30/4v10f.
ptst t noun ‘defence; remedy’ E27/23r8; E28/1v12 (~ ⌫sywt⌫ ‘medicine, remedy’).
ptswc / ptsw t- vb. ‘to light’: 3 sg. pres. ptswct E28/4v28 (~ nhr ap el ‘id.’); 3 pl. itr. pret.
[ptsw ]t[n]t(?) E27/91r9 (~ yqd p al ‘to be burned up’). Pp. ptsw ty ‘alight’: pl. ptsw t✏t
Lk12.35 E5/130r (~ nhr ap el pt. ‘id.’).
ptsxnt vb. ‘to scoff’: 3 pl. opt. dur. ptsxntyntq E26/43v3*.—Cf. psxnt.
ptsxs- / pts t- vb. ‘to be adapted, be suitable’: 3 sg. pres. ptsxsty E29/5r6; 3 sg. subj. ptsxs⌫t
E29/5v4. Pp. pts ty ‘adapted, carefully chosen’(?): pl. pts t✏t E28/18r21.
*ptsynt / pcyst- vb. ‘to agree, consent, be pleased’: 2 sg. fut. [p](t)syntyq⌫ E27/13r23 (~ pys
ettap al ‘to consent, agree’); pp. pcysty E24c1.2 (see Cat., 74).—Cf. psynd⌫rmyq.
ptsyp vb. ‘to complain’: 3 sg. #z-impf. dur. ptsyp⌫sq E26/15v15.—Cf. pcyp⌫qc, psyp.
pt⌫ dty , pc dty , pc ty f. ‘rest, ease, comfort, gratification’ ~ ny ⌫ ‘id.’ E27/7v22, 61v30, 68v3*;
E28/1v9. Phrase byr + pc dty /pc ty ‘to find rest’ E24c2.23f (~ nw ettap al ‘to be at rest’);
E28/85v29f.
—Forms: pc⌫dty⌫ E26/14r18*; E28/68v12, 85v30; pc⌫ty⌫ E24c2.23 (see Sundermann apud BT
XII, 54); pt(⌫dty⌫ E27/7v22, 61v30, 68v3*; E28; E29/2r5, 10; pt(dty⌫ (mistake) E28/1v9; pl.
pc⌫dt✏t E28/100B3.
pt⌫ dy, S pc ↵y adj. ‘peaceful, at rest’ ~ nw p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ Hymn 8. Phrase pt⌫ dy wn-/qt-
‘to give rest, satisfy’ ~ nw ap el ‘id.’ E27/60v4, 68r13.—Cf. pc⌫dy-str.
pt(dty⌫ E28/1v9: mistake for pt(⌫dty⌫.
pt⌫ t- past stem ‘to crucify’: pp. pt(γ̈t⌫ ‘crucified’ in passive pt(γ̈t⌫ *b-/qt- ‘to be crucified’ ~ zqp
etp el ‘id.’ Rom6.6 E32/1v.
pt(qw⌫n, pt(qwy-/pt(qw⌫t: see pcqw⌫n, pcqwy-/pcqw⌫t.
pt(qwyr: see 2pcqwyr.
pt(m⌫r: see pcm⌫r, pw-pcm⌫r.
pt(mr-/pt(mrt: see pcmr-.
pt⌫ng, pt⌫nq, p⇠⌫ng, ptcng, S pc nk noun ‘cross’ ~ zqyp⌫ ‘id.’ E26/28v33, 30r14[m]. Phrases:
pr ptcng/p⇠⌫ng *sxw y/sxwst- ‘to raise on the cross’ ~ zqp p al ‘to crucify’ Lk24.20 E5/72r*;
E24c1.50; passive pr pt⌫ng/pt⌫nq sxwsty/swxsty b-/qt-, S pr p(c n)k sxws(t)[y *⌦-/*kt-] ‘to
be raised on the cross’ E26/31r16; E27/56v5* (~ )lb etp el ‘to be crucified’), 8* (~ zqp etp el
‘id.’); E28/23v2; Creed 7 (~ id.).
—Forms: ptcng Lk24.20 E5/72r; pt(ng E26/28v33, 30r14[m], 31r16; E28/23v2; p+(ng
E24c1.50; [pt(n](q) E27/56v5, 8; S p(c⌫n)k Creed 7.
pt⌫ng-d rwq, pt⌫nq-d rwq, pt⌫ng-d rwg, p⇠⌫ng-d rwq, pcng-d rwq, pcngd rwq noun ‘wood of
the cross; cross’ ~ zqyp⌫ ‘cross’ Mt16.24 E5/127r; E26/23v14*, 24r22*, 31r13; E28/13a12
(?—see BT XLII, 225), 100A3* (cf. Mt16.24); ~ qys⌫ d-)lyb⌫ ‘wood of the cross’ E24c1.15; ~
qys⌫ d-zqyp⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.79f.
—Forms: pcng-d⌫rwq Mt16.24 E5/127r; pcngd⌫rwq E34v14*; pt(ng-d⌫rwg E36/2v11; pt(ng-

d⌫rwq E26/23v14*, 24r22*; E28/29A4*; pt(nq-d⌫rwq E26/31r13; E28/13A12; p+(ng-d⌫rwq
E24c1.15, 79f; obl. [pt(ng-](d)⌫r(w)qy E28/100A3.
̈
pt⌫t n noun ‘thigh’ ~ ⇡*m⌫ ‘id.’, pl. ⇡ṭmt⌫: pl. pt(t⌫nt E27/27v17.
*pt⌫ty- m. ‘support, foundation’ ~ (t⌫st⌫, pl. (t⌫s̈⌫ ‘id.’: nom. as acc. sg. pt[(ty] E26/29v2*(?).—An
alternative restoration would be pt[r⌫fy⌫].
pt(ty⌫n: see n⌫-pt(ty⌫n.
pt⌫y (unknown word) E28/11v24, 83A3.
pẗt-⌫: see pẗ⌫.
ptw: see mw ptw, pt⌫wp⌫zny⌫.
ptw b, S ptw ⌦ vb. ‘to respond’: 3 sg. pres. ptw⌫bt E29/4v14; S 3 sg. subj. ptw⌫⌘⌫t Ps20.2 (~ ⇡ny
p al ‘id.’).
ptw s / ptw t vb. ‘to dry up, wither’: 3 sg. impf. ptyw⌫s E28/9v27 (~ yb( p al ‘id.’); 3 pl. itr. pret.
ptw⌫tnt E20v6; pp. ptw⌫ty E26/1r10.
ptwd E23/20B1: see ptwyd.
ptwp⌫zny⌫: see pt⌫wp⌫zny⌫.
ptwx⌫y, p+wx⌫y/ptwxst-: see ptxw⌫y.
ptwyd, ptwd(?) / ptwyst-, S ptwy↵ vb. ‘to deliver up, offer, commit, render, give’ ~ g⇡l ap el ‘to
commit, entrust’ E25/1v15(?); E26/28r29*(?), 29v5; ~ qrb pa el ‘to offer’ E26/25r19*(?); ~
yhb p al ‘to give’ E26/24r2*(?) (rest.!). Phrases: frywn ptwyd (+ qw ... s⌫) ‘to offer blessing
(to)’ ~ brk pa el ‘to bless’ Lk1.64 E5/6r; E27/27v10f*, 55v24; wbty + ptwyd/ptwyst-, S
[ w⌦ty ptwy]↵ ‘to offer praise’ ~ zmr pa el ‘to sing praises’ E23.176f; ~ slq ap el + t(bw t⌫
‘to raise (a hymn of) praise’ E26/24r21; ~ (b pa el ‘to praise’ Ps50.15* (rest.!); E27/77v8*;
E28/7v15, 10v13; ≈ t(bw t⌫ ‘praise’ E27/27v6; passive wbty ptwysty b t ‘let praise be
offered’ ~ t(bw t⌫, pl. t"b n ‘praise(s) (be)!’ Lk2.14 E3r; E26/24r23; similarly r ty ptwysc
b t ‘let glory be offered’ ~ rwmrm⌫ ‘glory (be)!’ E27/91v7; ptwyd + rw n ‘to deliver up
(one’s) soul’ ~ (lm pa el ‘to come to an end, die’ (elsewhere also ‘to deliver up’, see BT XII,
132) E27/60v2; ⇡w⌫y ptwyd ‘to offer sacrifice’ ~ qrb pa el + db ⌫ ‘id.’ E23.213 (MS C); ~
db pa el ‘to sacrifice’ E23.223, 293, A24*.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ptw✏dt E28/7v15; [ptwyd](t) E26/24r2*; 1 sg. pres. dur. ptwyd⌫msq
E26/28r29*, 29v5; 1 pl. pres. dur. ptwydymsq E28/11v1*; 3 pl. pres. dur. ptwydntq E26/
24r21; 1 sg. fut. ptwydmq⌫ E27/27v11; ptw-ydnq⌫ E27/55v24; 3 pl. fut. ptwydntq⌫n E33B11; 3
pl. #z-impf. ptwyd⌫znt E27/77v8*; 3 sg. fut. #z-impf. ptwyd⌫zq⌫ E27/60v2; 3 sg. impf. ptywyd
E26/15r8; 2 sg. opt. ptwydy E23A24*; 3 sg. opt. ptwydy E23.213, 223, 293; 2 sg. impv.(?)
ptwd E23/20B1 (mistake for ptwyd?); pres. inf. [cn] ... ptw-yd E27/27v5f; 3 sg. tr. pret.
ptwysd⌫rt Lk1.64 E5/6r; E23.177; E25/3B3*; E29/6r22; [ptw]ystd⌫rt E26/25r19; 3 pl. tr. pret.
ptwysd⌫rnd E25/1v15; pt(w)[ysd⌫rnt] E28/10v13; S 2 sg. impv. [ptwy] Ps50.15. Pp. ptwysty
‘offered’: ptwysty Lk2.14 E3r; E26/24r23; E28/2av7*; nom. sg. f. ptwysc⌫ E27/91v7.
ptwyd mnty m. ‘offering’ in phrase wbty ptwyd mnty ‘offering of praise’ ~ t(bw t⌫ ‘praise’
E26/23v28*.
ptw⇢y⌫ vb. ‘to kill off’ ~ mwt ap el ‘to cause to die’: 1 sg. fut. ptw-y(nq⌫ E27/102v21.
ptxryn / ptxryt vb. ‘to hire’ ~ ⌫gr p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. impf. ptyxryn E27/68v7. Pp. ptxryty: pl.
ptxrytyt E28/5r30* ((pt)[xrytyt mr](⌫)[z](t) ‘hired labourers’ ~ ⌫gyr̈⌫ ‘hirelings’).
ptx⌫ybs- vb. ‘to be defiled’ ~ ktm etpa al ‘id.’: 3 pl. fut. ptx(ybs[n](t)[q⌫n] E26/27r17.
ptxw y, ptxwy, ptwx y, p⇠xw y, p⇠xwy, p⇠wx y / ptxwst-, ptwxst-, 2pt wst- vb. ‘to kill, put to
death’ ~ q*l p al ‘id.’ Mt19.18 E2/2v*; Mt10.28 E5/76r*, Mt21.38, 39 E5/38v; E24c2.18;
E27/69r19; E29/1r3 (cf. Ex20.13); E36/2v14 (cf. Ex2.12); ~ q*l pa el ‘to kill, slaughter’
Lk13.4 E5/34r, Lk19.27 E5/125v*; ~ mwt ap el ‘to cause to die’ Mt10.21 E5/75v; E28/14v2;
~ b*l pa el ‘to bring to nought’ E27/54r29 (cf. 2Tim1.10). Passive ptxwsty/ptwxsty b- ~ q*l
etp el ‘to be killed’ E27; ~ (ql etp el + r(y)(⌫ ‘to be beheaded’ E23A29; E24c2.13; ~ kll
etpa al ‘to be crowned (with martyrdom)’ E27/65r29f*, 68v11. (In a few cases, not included
above, the Sogdian has an active form corresponding to a Syriac passive—E24c2.7;
E27/7v18—or vice versa—E27/66v9.) Pres. pt. p+wx⌫yny ‘killer’ ~ ⌫spwql*r⌫ ‘executioner’
E24c2.14.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. dur. p+xwyn+sq E24c2.18; 3 sg. fut. ptxw⌫ytq⌫n E26/14v19*; 3 pl. fut.
ptxw⌫ẏntq⌫ Mt10.21 E5/75v; 3 sg. impf. ptyxw⌫ E36/2v14; ptyxw⌫y E26/16v9*, 9*; E27/
57v30; E36/3r1*; 3 pl. impf. pt[yxw⌫ynt] E27/56v11; 3 sg. opt. ptxw⌫ÿ⌫ E26/14v14; 1 pl. opt.
ptxw⌫ m Mt21.38 E5/38v; ptxw⌫ym E26/15r2*(?), E28/20v18*; 3 sg. subj. ptxw⌫yt E28/
23v21; 1 sg. inj. ptwx⌫yw E27/69r19; 3 pl. inj. or opt. ptxw⌫ynt E23A13; E28/14v2; p+xw⌫yn+
E24c2.7; 2 sg. impv. ptxw⌫y Mt19.18 E2/2v*; E27/7v18; 2 pl. impv. ptxw⌫yt⌫ Lk19.27 E5/
125v*; E29/1r3; ptxwyt⌫ E29/3v5; pres. inf. pr ptxw⌫y Mt10.28 E5/76r*; E28/23r16; 3 sg. tr.
pret. pt wsd⌫rt(!) E27/54r29; ptxwsd⌫rt Lk13.4 E5/34r; 3 pl. tr. pret. ptxwsd⌫rnt Mt21.39
E5/38v; past inf. ptxwst(!) E29/6v7; ptxwst[y] E26/25v1. Unclear: ptxwy[ E52A2*. Pres. pt.
ptwx yny, p⇠wx yny: p+wx⌫yny E24c2.14, corrected from pl. ptwx⌫ynyt, ibid.—Cf. mrtxmy-
ptxw⌫yny. Pp. ptxwsty, ptwxsty ‘killed, put to death’: ptwxsty E27/65r28*, 102v22, 104v6*;
ptxwsty E23A29; E24c2.13; pl. ptwxst✏t E27/65r29, 66v9; ptxwst✏t E27/68v5, 11.
ptxwng, ptxwnq, p⇠xwng, S ptxwnk noun ‘killing, putting to death, murder’ ~ q*l⌫ ‘id.’
E24c2.9; E27. Phrase S (pt)[xwnk] k(w)n- ‘to commit murder’ ~ ⌫(d p al + dm⌫ ‘to shed
blood’ Ps5.7.
—Forms: ptxwng E8v4; E26/5r25; p+xwng E24c2.9; ptxwnq E27; E30/6v20*; obl. ptxwngy
Rom6.9 E32/1v; ptxwnqy E27/53r2*, 55v22; S (pt)[xwnk] Ps5.7.
ptxwng-qry, p⇠xwng-qry adj. ‘murderous’ ~ q*wl⌫ ‘id.’: ptxwng-qry E26/30v31; p+xwng-qry
E24c1.34.
ptxwst-: see ptxw⌫y.
ptxw(: see 1pt w(.
ptxwy, p+xwy: see ptxw⌫y.
ptxwyny: see mrtxmy-ptxwyny.
pty p, S *pty p noun ‘part, share, participation’ ~ mnt⌫ ‘id.’ Ps50.18* (rest.!). Phrase [ f](r)ywn
pty p s ‘to partake of a blessing’ ~ brk etpa al ‘to be blessed’ E26/28v16.
—Forms: pty⌫p E26/3r7, 27r14, 28v16; E28/65r2*; S [pty⌫](p) Ps50.18.
pty r noun ‘opposition, enmity’: pty⌫r E26/3r19; obl. pty⌫ry E24c1.5; E26/3r10.
pty ry, p⇠y ry m. ‘opponent, enemy’: pty⌫ry E26/3r22(?); p+y⌫ry E24c3.18 (~ nkwy⌫ ‘injurious’).
ptybd, ptybyd: see ptbyd-.
ptybynt: see ptbynt.
ptycx(: see pcx(-.
ptyfnw, ptyfny m. ‘part’ ~ mnt⌫ ‘id.’ Lk10.42 E5/91v.
—Forms: ptyfnw Lk10.42 E5/91v; [pty]fn✏ E27/56v25 (ed. [ptyw]fn✏); abl. sg.(?) ptyfn⌫ E28/
90A30.
1
ptyfs: see ptfs-.
2
ptyfs vb. ‘to happen, occur’: ptyfst 3 sg. pres. or subj. E28/3r22 (~ gd( p al ‘id.’); ptyfs 3 sg.
impf. E28/65v9.
pty wnt: see pt wnt.
pty w(, S pty- w(: see 1,2pt w(.
ptyqn adj. ‘owing, indebted; obliged, under an obligation’ ~ yb, pl. ybyn ‘id.’: pt q̣̇n Lk16.7
E5/48r; pt qn Lk16.5 E5/48r; [p](tyqn) E28/93B6 (–); pl. [pty]qnt E28/5r28.
ptymync: see ptmync.
1
ptyn adv. ‘separately, apart’: ptyn E26/3r24; ptyn ptyn E28/3r11 (~ y yd⌫yt ‘singly’).
2
ptyn: see ptyrn.
ptyr- / ptrt vb. ‘to pass, pass over, cross’: 2 sg. itr. pret. ptrty( E26/30v29 (~ ⇡br p al ‘id.’). Pres.
pt. *ptyryny ‘transitory’ ~ ⇡bwr⌫ ‘id.’: f. ptyrnc E27/104v15.
ptyrq r̈ , *pt⇢yr-q ry adj. ‘harmful, injurious’: ptyrq⌫r̈⌫ E26/2r30*; (p)t-(yr)-[q⌫ry] E27/66r5f (so
to be restored?) (~ sny p al pass. pt. ‘hateful, odious’).
ptyrn, 2ptyn noun ‘cause, reason; trial’: ptyn E27/51v15; E28/11v17; ptyrn Mt5.32 E5/28r* (~
mlt⌫ ‘cause’); E26/12r33*, 15r11*, 16v7*; E28/70B2*, 77v23; obl. ptyrny E26/15r9; E28/
27r25 (~ (w⌫l⌫ ‘interrogation, trial’); pl. ptynt E28/69B9; ptyrnt E26/13r5*.—Cf. *ptn-xw,qy⌫.
ptyrwc: see ptrwc.
ptyry(t: see ptry(.
ptyry+: see ptry+.
ptyry,: see ptry,.
S pty-s vb. ‘to withdraw’(?): 2 sg. pres.(?) pty-s⌫y 12600Ir12*; 1 sg. subj. pty-s⌫n 12600IIv11*.
pty⌫ (unknown word) E26/3v12.
pty(q⌫f: see *pcq⌫f.
pty(qwy: see pcqwy-.
pty(pr: see pcpr-.
pty⇠ noun ‘disgrace, contempt’: pl. pty+t E28/58A5(?). Otherwise only pty+ and obl. pty+y as
predic. adj. ‘in disgrace, disgraced, contemptible’ in the phrases pty⇠(y) b-/qt- ‘to be
despised’ ~ (w* ettap al ‘id.’ E27/40v5; ~ bsr *etpa al ‘id.’ E30/5r17 (tbsr, Nau 1920, 25, no.
64, read *ttbsr?); pty⇠(y) d r ‘to hold in contempt’ ~ (w* p al ‘to despise’ E27/68r30*, v26;
ryw(y) pty⇠ d r mnty ‘self-disdain’ E28/1v9 (~ (y*wt yt⌫ ‘id.’), 33B9*, 118B8*.
ptyt-, pty⇠- vb. ‘to happen, befall’ ~ gd( p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. impf. pty+ E27/60r4; 3 sg. subj. ptyt⌫t
E27/60v1.
pty⇠- r⌥wqy f. ‘self-disdain’ ~ (y*wt yt⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pty+- r wqy⌫y E28/7v24*.
pty⇠y f. ‘contempt, dishonour, disgrace’ ~ )⇡r⌫ ‘shame, dishonour’ E23.90*; E28/7v13; ~ Arabic
‘disdain’ E28/1v21. Phrase pty⇠y wn-/qt- ‘to dishonour, despise, abuse’ ~ (w* p al ‘to
despise’ Lk16.13 E5/48v;30 ~ ) y pa el ‘to abuse’ Jn9.28 E5/101r; ~ )⇡r pa el ‘to abuse, dis-
honour’ E24c1.26; E27/68v17.
ptyw⌫s: see ptw⌫s.
†[ptyw]fn✏ E27/56v25: see ptyfnw.
ptywyd: see ptwyd.
ptyxryn: see ptxryn.
ptyxw⌫y: see ptxw⌫y.
ptyz⌫n: see 2ptz⌫n.
30
Here the verb wnt is not expressed but understood from the preceding phrase zpry⌫q wnt .
ptyzyr: see ptzyr, ptzyr-.

pty, yr: see pt, yr.
1
ptz n m. ‘understanding, perception, knowledge’ ~ (⌫)yd⇡t⌫ ‘id.’ Col1.9, 10 E32/2v; E26/31r22;
E27; E28/5v18, 12r24, v19; ~ md⇡⌫ ‘understanding’ Lk1.77 E5/6v; ~ bwyn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/23r30; ~
t⌫wry⌫ ‘theory, speculation’ E27/31v18; E28/12v6. Phrase ⇡ m ptz n ‘superior understanding’
~ id. E28/14r16.
—Forms: ptz⌫n Lk1.77 E5/6v; Col1.9, 10 E32/2v; E26/31r22; E27; E28; E31r13; obl. ptz⌫ny
E28; obl. pl. [p](tz)⌫(n)t( ) E28/111v28.
2
ptz n / *ptz✓nt, S ptz- n, ptẓ- n vb. ‘to recognize, know’ ~ (wd⇡ quad.refl. = yd⇡ e⇥tap al ‘id.’
Lk24.31 E5/72v; ~ yd⇡ p al ‘id.’ E27/6v12; ~ b r p al ‘to test, examine, observe’ Ps11.4*; ~
*⇡m p al ‘to perceive’ Ps34.9. Passive pt(zn)[ty *b-/*qt-] ~ yd⇡ etp el ‘to be known, be recog-
nized’ Lk24.35 E5/73r.
—Forms: 1 sg. impf. pt✏z⌫n↵ E27/6v12; 3 sg. opt. ptz⌫ny E31r2; 3 pl. tr. pret. ptz⌫nd⌫rnt
Lk24.31 E5/72v; pp. pt(z n)[ty] Lk24.35 E5/73r; S 3 sg. pres. ptẓ-⌫nt Ps11.4*; 2 pl. impv.
ptz-⌫nt⌫ Ps34.9.
ptz⌫ny: see mntptz⌫ny, ywxnq-ptz⌫ny, ywxnq-n⌫-ptz⌫ny.
ptz ry m. ‘torment’: ptz⌫ry E28/3v17 (~ (wnq⌫ ‘id.’); obl. (p)[t](z)⌫ryy[ E28/33A11.
*ptzbwrty q f. ‘fashion, manner’: ptzbwrty⌫q ~ ⌫skm⌫ ‘id.’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r* (see Cat., 46); E28/
22B10 (–); obl. ptzbwrty⌫qy E28/12r10.
ptzbyrty f. (meaning unknown): obl. ptzbyrty⌫y E28/16v7.
ptzm ny , ptzm nty f. ‘disinclination, apathy, sloth’ ~ qw*⇡ r⇡yn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/120r8, 11*, v3; ~ qw*⇡⌫
‘id.’ E27/31r9.
—Forms: ptzm⌫ny⌫ E27/31r9, 120r11*, v3*; obl. ptzm⌫nty⌫y E28/13B9; ptzm⌫ny⌫- E27/120r8.
ptzny⌫: see mnt-ptzny⌫.
ptzyr, ptzr vb. ‘to afflict, torment’: 3 sg. pres. dur. [p](t)zrtq E27/51r29; ptzyrtq E27/51v29; 3
pl. impf. opt. ptyzyr-nt E27/69r25 (~ (nq pa el ‘id.’).
ptzyr- / ptzrt vb. ‘to be afflicted, suffer’: 3 pl. opt. ptzyr✏n(t) E28/24A24. Pp. ptzrty ‘suffering’
~ nwl pa el pass. pt. ‘id.’ E28/2av2.
pt⇡ yr vb. ‘to call out, cry out, shout’ ~ q⇡y p al ‘id.’ E26/23v25, 29*; E28/7r25*.—Cf. pc yr.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. pt, ✏rt E28/19r9; 3 pl. pres. dur. [pt,] ✏r(n)tq E28/7r25; pt, yrntq E26/
23v25, 29*; 3 sg. #z-impf. dur. pt, yr⌫sq E26/16v9; 3 sg. impf. pty, yr E28/65v4.
pt⇡nq noun ‘pledge’ E27/57v10 (~ rhbwn⌫ ‘id.’); E31v10.
pt⇡y- / pt⇡y t vb. ‘to quarrel’: 3 sg. opt.(?) pt, E28/114B6; 3 sg. tr. pret. pt,y⌫d⌫rt E27/120r3 (~
ry etp el ‘id.’); pt,y⌫td⌫rt E26/27v8.
pt⇡y mc noun ‘quarrel, quarrelling’: pt,y⌫mc E26/5v25, 14r16*, 15v28; pl. pt,y⌫m(t E27/14v17
(~ ryn⌫ ‘dispute’).
pw, S pw (i) prep. ‘without’ ~ d-l⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.74 E5/6v; E24c3.15, 21; E26/30r34; E27/60v17,
111r4; E28; ≈ lyt ‘there is not’ E26/27v28*; (ii) as adv. in phrase pw cn ‘without’ Mt10.29
E5/76r* (~ bl⇡d mn ‘id.’); E26/23v8 (~ d-l⌫); E27/31v21 (~ d-l⌫ mn ‘id.’), 55v18 (~ bl⇡d ‘id.’);
E28.
—Forms: pw passim; S pw 12600IIr8.
*pw b wny adj. ‘unlovely, filthy’ ~ ) n⌫ ‘filthy’: f. (pw)⌫[b]( )wnc E27/66r17.
pw dy, S pw ↵y m. ‘monument, altar, temple, house (of God), monastery’ ~ hykl⌫ ‘temple’
Ps5.8*, 29.9*; ~ byt⌫ ‘house (of God)’ Ps23.6; ~ drt⌫ ‘house, court’ Ps29.2*; ~ ⇡lt⌫ ‘altar’ E27/
23v11* (rest.!); ~ qymt⌫ ‘pillar, monument’ E27/104v2. Phrase *b nyq pw dy ‘house of

God’ ~ dyr⌫, pl. dyr̈t⌫ ‘monastery’ E26/24r17*, 30r16.
—Forms: pw⌫dy E27/23v11*, 13; acc. sg. pw⌫dw E27/104v2; pl. pw⌫dyt E26/21B3*, 30r16;
obl. pl. [pw⌫d]yt-y E26/24r17; S pw⌫y Ps23.6, 29.2*, 9*; obl. (p)[w](⌫y-⌫y) Ps5.8.
pw- myq, S *pw- myk adj. ‘untainted, without fault’: pw-⌫⌫myq E29/5r6; S (p)[w-⌫⌫myk] Ps19.8
(~ d-l⌫ mwm ‘id.’).
pw- nc n adj. ‘ceaseless’ ~ d-l⌫ (lw⌫ ‘id.’ E28/7r15, 8v27.
pw- y m, pwny m adj. ‘endless’: pw-⌫ny⌫m E26/3v10; pw-⌫y⌫m E28/118B8*.—Cf. 1⌫y⌫m.
pw- xw⌫yc adj. ‘without precedence’(?) E26/3r13.
pw z noun ‘interval, space’ ~ ⌫tr⌫ ‘place, space, room’ E28/3r20.
pw zwny f. ‘emptiness, isolation’: [pw](⌫z)wn✏ E28/60A4; pw⌫zwny E27/31r26 (~ spyqwt⌫ ‘id.’).
pw zy adj. ‘empty’ ~ spq p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E27/31r20.
pw-bry adj. ‘fruitless, barren’ ~ (h⌫ mn kl ‘devoid of everything’: acc. sg. m. pw-br↵ E27/
31r19.—Cf. brw/bry and see Pirtea in BT XLV, 131-2.
*pw-c⌫nt adv. ‘without drink’ ~ d-l⌫ (qy⌫ ‘id.’: pw-c[(nt] E27/25v18.
pw-dbn adv. ‘without fear’ E27/51r27.
S pw↵nk (unknown word) 20223r1*.
1
pw- w n adj. ‘without sin, absolved, innocent’ E24c2.18 (pw w⌫n); E26/3r14, 24v32 (~ sy
pa el pass. pt. ‘absolved’), 27r13; E28/23v17.
2
S pw- w n adj. (meaning unclear) Frg18.7.
pwlws m. PN ‘Paul’: pwlws E26/2r25; E27/48r1, 56r29; E28/9r30; obl. npwlwsy E27/48r9.
*pw-m n adj. ‘unthinking’ ~ d-l⌫ r⇡yn⌫ ‘id.’: (pw-m⌫)[n] Tit3.3 E6/5r.—See Cat., 45.
1,2
pwn: see pwrn-, prm.
pw-nydqy f. ‘not sitting down’: obl. pw-nydqy⌫y E28/13B12.
pwnydy adj. ‘without anyone’: pl. pwnydyt E26/2r13.
pw-p cr t adj. ‘without reward’ E26/5r5.
pw-pcm r, *pw-pt⌫m r, pw-p⌫m r adj. ‘countless, innumerable’: pw-pcm⌫r E28/7r23* (~ d-l⌫
mnyn ‘id.’), 49v30*; pw-p(m⌫r E28/17r25; pw-pt(()[m⌫](r) E27/12v20 (~ id.).
pw-pcywp adj. ‘without change, unchanging’ ~ d-l⌫ (w lp ‘id.’ E27/31r2f.
pw-prdbn adj. ‘without deceit’ E28/20v16.
pw-pt(m⌫r: see pw-pcm⌫r.
pwrc noun ‘loan, debt’ E27/51r9; E28/93B7*.
pwrc wnt noun ‘debtor’ ~ yb⌫ ‘id.’ Lk16.5 E5/48r.
pwrqy f. ‘virginity, celibacy’ E28/16r18 (see BT XXXV, 150).
pwrn-, pwrn, 2pwn, S pwrn adj. ‘full’ ~ mly p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E23.123; E26/23v26; E27/
40v1*, 94r9, 10; E28/9v13. With *b-/qt- ‘to become full’ ~ mly etp el ‘to be filled’ Lk1.67
E5/6r; Col1.9 E32/2r*; E28/3r28, 14r12; with wn- ‘to make full’ ~ mly p al ‘to fill’ E27/
40r13; E28/12v27.—On the construction pwrn- + m⌫t + pr ‘to fill’ in E29/2v1f see BT XXXII,
97.
—Forms: pwn E27; E28/3r28, 12v27, 14r12; pwrn E28/20v21, 24B22; nom. sg. m. pwrn
Lk1.67 E5/6r; pwrny Col1.9 E32/2r* (as pl.); E23.123; E26/3r26 (as acc.), 23v26; E28/9v13;
E29/2v1; S pwrn 12600Iv8.
S pwrn wy m. ‘fullness’ ~ ml⌫⌫ ‘id.’ Ps24.1.
pwrn-cwq adj. ‘full of tears’ ~ dm⇡ pa el pt. ‘weeping’ E27/12v3.
pwry m. ‘(male) celibate’ ~ btwl⌫ ‘id.’: pl. pwryt E26/27r17.
pwr c, S pwryc f. ‘maiden, virgin’ ~ btwlt⌫ ‘id.’: pwr✏c E27/12v4; S obl. pwryc⌫y Creed 6.
pwryc-mync adj. ‘virginal’ E26/27r16 (≈ btwlt⌫ ‘virgin’).
pwrycy f. ‘virginity’ ~ btwlwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/66r19*.
S *pwryz-y n y adj. ‘without desire’(?): f. pwryz-y⌫ncw 20222br6*.
pws vb. ‘to be corrupted’: 3 sg. pres. pwst E26/2r10.
pwsty, pẅst , S pwsty m. ‘writing, document, letter, message, book, scripture’ ~ ktb⌫ ‘id.’ E5+;
~ ⇥tb⌫ qdÿš⌫ ‘holy scriptures’ E27/54v30*; ~ ktybt⌫ ‘document, letter’ E27/77v12. Often used
in referring to subdivisions of the Bible: ( )wn(g)lyw[n] pwsty ‘book of the Gospel’ ~
⌫wnglywn ‘Gospel’ E28/9v21; bywnyty pwstyt ‘the books of the prophets’ ~ nbÿ⌫ ‘the
prophets’ Lk24.27 E5/72v, Lk24.44 E5/83v; E24c1.36f* (rest.!); E27/55r28; mw⇡ty-bryny
pwsty ‘book which brings (good) news’ ~ ⌫wnglywn E28/4v27; (m)[zmwrty pws]ty(t) ‘the
books of the Psalms’ ~ mzmwr̈⌫ ‘the Psalms’ Lk24.44 E5/83v; sr wtyty pwsty ‘Book of
Songs’ ~ zmyrt zmyr̈t⌫ ‘Song of Songs’ E27/102r30. Other phrases: (zn)[ty] pwsty, (zn)[t
pwst](y) ‘book of the story’ (see above on ⌫znt); mrcy bnt m pwsty (and variants) ~ ⌫ppsys
‘sentence’ E23A12; E24c2.3; ~ msm-b-r(⌫ d-mwt⌫ ‘penalty of death’E24c2.1f.—Cf. ⌫⌫zty-
pwsty, bnty-pwsty.
—Forms: pẅst⌫ E8r10; pwst✏ E5; pwsty E23A12; E24; E26; E27/31v27, 54v30*, 104v14;
E28; E30/1r7*, v17*, 21; E31r6*; npwsty E27/91v9; acc. sg. pwstw E27/104r9; abl. sg. pwst⌫
E27/77v12, 102r30; E28/1r2; pl. pwst✏t Lk24.27 E5/72v (x2), Lk24.44 E5/83v; E27/55r28;
E28/1r2, 66r26*; pwstyt E5; E26/24v22; obl. pl. pwst✏ty E27; pwstyt E28/111v30*; pwstyty
E28/7v23*, 16v4, 66r24*; S pwsty E21r2*; SyrHT49v (Reck 2018, 49); 20227r14*, v10.
pw⌫ vb. ‘to kiss’ ~ n(q p al or pa el ‘id.’: 3 sg. #z-impf. pw(⌫z E27/68r18; 3 sg. impf. pw(
E27/27r1; 3 pl. impf. pw(nt E28/10r14; 1 sg. subj. pw(n E27/105r6*.
pw-⌫y adj. ‘witless’: E26/28v19; E28/62v4.
pw⌫ [ adj. ‘without ...’(?) E19v3*.
pwtqry adj. ‘rotten, foul, useless, vain’: pl. pwtqryt E28/10v27 (~ srq p al pass. pt. ‘empty,
vain’), 16r13.
pwtqy noun ‘disintegration’(?): p t.qy E27/69v18 (p° b- ‘to disintegrate’ ~ bly p al ‘to waste
away’ or ntr p al ‘to decay’); pwtqy E27/12r18 (p° prw-yr ‘to tear apart’ ≈ bwsbs⌫ ‘laceration,
tearing apart’), 126r25* (p° b- ~ tl etp el or etpa al ‘to be torn up’).
pw-wr adj. ‘unprofitable, worthless’ ~ d-l⌫ ywtrn ‘id.’ E27/13v16*; E28/10v17*; ~ srq p al pass.
pt. ‘empty, vain’ E27/40r10, 65v30.
—Forms: p↵-wr⌫ E27/48v15; pw-wr⌫ E28/10v17*, 16r23, v25; obl. pw-wr-y E27/65v30; pl.
pw-wr✏t E27/13v16*, 40r10; pw-wr-yt E27/48v28*, 53v3*; pw-wr t E28/11r9.
pw-wyn wcyq adj. ‘invisible’ E29/1v6*.
pwx y, pxw y, S pwx y / pwxst-, pxwst- vb. (i) ‘to cut off, amputate’ ~ psq p al ‘id.’ Mt5.30
E5/28r*; E27/27v22*, 23*; E28; ≈ psq⌫ ‘amputation’ E27/27v7; (ii) ‘to form, fashion, make’,
in phrase w x⌫ *pwx y/pwxst- ‘to make a statement, to decree’ ~ psq p al ‘to decree’ Jn9.22
E5/100v.31—Cf. pwx(t-.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. pwx⌫yt E28/8r26; 3 sg. opt. pwx⌫y E27/27v23*; E28/8r22; 1 pl. opt.
pwx⌫ym E31r10*; 2 sg. subj.(?) [pw](x)⌫y⌫(?) E28/117B2; 3 sg. subj. pwx⌫ỵ̇t E28/8v24;
31
An attempt to reproduce both the special sense of psq p al ‘to decree’ and its basic sense ‘to cut off’. The
translation is meaningless according to Sundermann 1975, 66 n. 50, but the tr. use of the pf. pwxst✏ m⌫tnt is
paralleled by several other examples from this and other MSS (see BT XXXV, 91 ad E26/8v2) and the cn which
precedes the subject cxwdt ‘the Jews’ is deleted as noted by W. J. Pittard.
pxw⌫ẏt E28/4v20; 2 sg. impv. [p](w)x⌫(ẏ) Mt5.30 E5/28r; past inf. pwxsty E27/27v22*;
pxwsty E27/27v7; S 3 pl. pres. pwx⌫y-⌫nt 20223r3*. Pp. pxwsty, pwxsty: pwxst✏ Jn9.22 E5/
100v; pwxsty E28/66v30; pl. pxwst t E28/23v2.
pwx y mnty m. (i) ‘(act of) cutting off’: pwx⌫(y)⌫mnt[y] E31r5*; (ii) ‘fashioning, formation’:
pwx⌫[y⌫]m(n)t✏ E27/40r22 (~ gbylt⌫ ‘id.’).
pwx⌫t- past stem ‘to fashion, form’(?): 2 sg. tr. pret. pwx(d⌫ry E20r7. Probably a mistake (or a
late form) for *pwxsd⌫ry, cf. the meaning of pwx⌫y⌫mnty (ii). See BT XLV, 56.
*pw-xwrt adv. ‘without food’ ~ d-l⌫ sybrt⌫ ‘id.’: [p](w)-xwrt E27/25v17f.
pwyrt vb. ‘to turn away, estrange’: 3 sg. pres. dur. pwyrtq E27/51r2*.
pwywq adj. ‘untaught, unruly’ ~ d-l⌫ pys⌫ ‘disobedient’ Tit3.3 E6/5r.—Cf. ywq.
*pw-ywxng-nyz n✓wy m. ‘identity of nature’(?) ~ (wywt⌫ d-dwbr̈⌫ ‘equality of conduct’: abl. sg.
[pw-yw](xng)-[ny](z)nw⌫ E28/5v20f.
*pw-⇡y wr adj. ‘heartless’ ~ d-l⌫ lb⌫ ‘id.’: pl. (p)[w-,y⌫wrt] E27/68r24.
px⌫n vb. ‘to withdraw’, only in the phrase b str px⌫n ‘to take oneself off, go away’ ~ ⌫zl p al ‘to
go’: 2 pl. impv. b✏str px(nt⌫ ‘begone!’ Mt25.41 E5/126v.—For the past stem see n⌫-pxw(t.
pxw⌫y/pxwst-: see pwx⌫y.
pxw(t: see n⌫-pxw(t.
py q noun ‘onion’ E23.152.
1
py m noun ‘healing’, only in phrases py m byr/byrt ‘to receive healing’ ~ ⌫sy etpa al ‘to be
healed’ Jn9.36 E5/101v; E23.141; py m ⇠br- ‘to give healing’ ~ ⌫sy pa el ‘to heal’ E23.148.
2
py m / *py m t vb. ‘to heal, cure’ ~ ⌫sy pa el ‘id.’ E26/27v26*; ≈ lm etp el ‘to be cured’.
Passive *py⌫m⌫ty [b-/qt-] ~ lm etp el E27/3r11*, v2*.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres.(?) [py]⌫mt E26/27v26; 3 sg. fut. py⌫mtq⌫ E27/3r10. Pp. *py⌫m⌫ty ‘cured’:
f. [py](⌫m)⌫c E27/3v2*; pl. py(⌫)[m⌫tyt] E27/3r11.
py ms-, pyms- vb. ‘to be healed’ ~ ⌫sy etpa al ‘id.’ E26/29r12*, 13*; ~ lm etp el ‘to be cured’
E27/66v11; ~ sy etpa al ‘to be absolved’ E26/27v16.
—Forms: 3 sg. fut. py⌫mstyq⌫n E26/29r12*; 3 sg. opt. pyms-y E27/66v11; 3 sg. subj. py⌫mst
E26/27v16; 3 pl. inj. py⌫msnt E26/29r13*.
*py t / pyst- vb. ‘to adorn’. Only pp. pysty ‘adorned’: pysty E26/45A2; E28/16r18; pl. [pys]t✏t
E27/94r6 (~ )bt pa el pass. pt. ‘id.’).
py t f. ‘adornment, ornament, finery’ E28/10v24* (~ )bt⌫ ‘id.’), 16r14.
py t qc f. ‘adornment’ ~ t)byt⌫ ‘id.’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r.
1
pyd r, S py↵ r postp. ‘because of, on account of, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, concerning’,
usually with prep. cn:32 ~ m*l ‘id.’ E5; E26/31r31, v32; E27; E28; Ps5.9; Creed 5 (x2); ~ ⇡l
‘id.’ E5; Col1.9 E32/2r; E26/31v28; E27/108v4f, 111r7*; E28; ~ ⇡l ⌫pÿ ‘for the sake of’
1Cor11.24 E6/7v; Ps6.1; E26/31v11; E27/12v19; ~ l- ‘for’ E28/12r5 (x2); ~ lp ‘on account
of’ E26/25r19, v9*, 31v14f; E28/2ar20*(?), 9v14; ~ mn ‘from’ E27/61v22f, 23 (x2), 24; E28/
2av9*(?); ~ b- ‘in’ E27/68r15; Ps5.8. Phrases: cymy⇠y pyd r ‘therefore’ ~ m*l hn⌫ ‘because of
this’ E5; 1Cor5.8 E6/7r; ~ ⇡l hd⌫ ‘id.’ Jn16.19 E5/78v*; cymyd ... pyd r ‘concerning this ...’ ~
m*l ... hd⌫ ‘id.’ E27/60v20; ~ m*l ‘because of ...’ E27/68v27f*; ~ ⌫yk d-l- ‘in order for ...’
E28/27r25; cymyd w x⌫y pyd r ‘concerning this matter’ ~ ⇡l hn⌫ ‘concerning this’ E28/14v7;
cymydy pyd r w nqt ‘because’ ~ m*l d- ‘id.’ E28/1v5; cyw pyd r, S cyw py↵ r ‘concerning
32
Where cn ... pyd⌫r governs two conjoined noun phrases (e.g. E28/7v23f), cn is generally repeated before each but
pyd⌫r is only placed after the last in the series.
him/it, on account of him/it’ ~ m*lth/m*ltḣ ‘for his/its sake’ Hymn 7; E27/60r30, 66r6, 68r5;
E28/3r12; ~ ⇡lwhy ‘concerning him’ E27/60r27; ~ ⇡l hd⌫ ‘concerning this’ E27/60r6; cywyd/
cywy⇠ pyd r ‘because of that, therefore, concerning that’ ~ m*l-hn⌫ Col1.9 E32/2r*; E23.103;
~ m*ltḣ ‘because of it’ E27/102r20; ~ ⇡l h↵ ‘concerning that’ E28/14v7; cywyd w x⌫y pyd r
‘because of that saying’ ~ m*l hẏ ‘because of that’ E27/55v23f, 56r8; cywyd/cywy⇠(y) pyd r
qt/m t, S cyw( )y↵ py↵ r m t(w) ‘because’ ~ m*l d- ‘id.’ NT; Ps; E23.99, 164; E24c3.11, 20;
E26; E28/9v8; ~ d- ‘(in) that’ E26/24r21; ~ gyr ‘for’ E26/30v1*; ≈ lp ‘because of’ Ps29.0;
cywydy/cywy⇠y pyd r p (t) ‘because’ E28/27v17; E30/6r9f* (~ m*l d-, SA Syr. 52).
—Forms: p d⌫r Lk1.1 E4; Lk16.14 E5/48v, Jn9.23 E5/100v; pyd⌫r passim; S py⌫r Ps; Hymn
7; Creed 5 (x2).
2
pyd r noun ‘writing-tablet’: ~ pnqyt⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.63 E5/6r; ~ lw ⌫ ‘id.’ (cf. Ex24.12) E29/1.
̈ ̈
pyd r wnd or pyd r wnd m. ‘owner of the amulet’: obl.(?) pyd⌫r⌫wnd⌫ E8r4, 6, 9.—See Sims-
Williams 2020, 114-15.
pyd⌫rnqy⌫: see pd⌫rnqy⌫.
S pyl⌫tws: see pntyws pyl⌫tws.
pyls , *pyl s (Syr.) ‘dish, paten’: pyls⌫ E27/57r19 (~ pynk⌫ ‘id.’); pl. pyl⌫syt E26/13r2.
pylyqydws m. PN ‘Placidus’ E27/91v8.
pylypws m. PN ‘Philip’ Lk6.14 E5/91v; E27/56v7; E29/7v4.
pyms-: see py⌫ms-.
1
pyn noun ‘cream’ E29/5r2.
2
pyn vb. ‘to open’, usually in the phrase pyn + dbr- ‘to open the door’ ~ pt p al ‘to open up,
open (the door)’ Lk12.36 E5/130r; E26/28v8; E27/60r8.
—Forms: 3 pl. fut. p✏nntq⌫ Lk12.36 E5/130r; 3 pl. impf. pynnt E26/28v8; 2 sg. impv. pyn
E28/9v21; 2 pl. impv. p-yntt E27/60r8.
pynmcyq, pynms⌫, pynmstr: see pyrnmcyq, pyrnms⌫r, pyrnmstr.
1
pyr vb. ‘to trust; to entrust’ ~ hymn quad. ‘id.’ Lk16.11 E5/48v, Jn9.18 E5/100v*. Fut. pt.
pyrcyq ‘trustworthy’ ~ hymn quad. pass. pt. ‘id.’ E26/24v12.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. dur. pyrmsq E28/108B5; 3 sg. fut. p✏rtq⌫ Lk16.11 E5/48v; 2 pl. pres. dur.
pyrt⌫sq E29/6v21; 2 sg. impv. p-yr E27/51r10, 14, v17; p r E28/16v22; pyr E28/16r21, 18v26,
99A26; 1 sg. tr. pret. pyrd⌫rm E30/2r4*; dur. pt. pyr✏q Jn9.18 E5/100v*; fut. pt. pyrcyq E26/
24v12.
2
pyr noun ‘trust’(?) E28/99A30.
3
pyr: see pyrnms⌫r.
pyrqwc noun ‘notice, (written) announcement’(?) E26/12v4.
pyrm (Syr.) ‘censer’ E12/2v5.
pyrnm, p⇢nm adv. ‘before, first’ (in time): (i) with b-/qt- ‘to be before’ (+ cn) ~ qdm p al ‘to
precede’ (+ l-) Mt21.31 E5/38r; E28/7r11; ~ qdm pa el + hwy p al ‘to be beforehand’
Lk24.22 E5/72r; (ii) pyrnm cn as prep. ‘before’ Jn1.30 E5/19v* (~ qdm ‘id.’); (iii) p-[n]m m⌫t
as conj. ‘before’ ~ mn d- ‘after’(!) E27/12v4; (iv) as postp. ‘in the presence of’ ~ qdm ‘id.’
E23.134 (mistake for pyrnms⌫r?).
—Forms: p-[n]m E27/12v4; p✏r<nm> Lk24.22 E5/72r; p rnm Mt21.31 E5/38r; pyrnm Jn1.30
E5/19v*; E23.134; E26/3r9, 12v1; E28/7r11, 17v16, 18r28.
pyrnmcyq, pynmcyq, pnmcyq adj. ‘previous, former, first’ ~ qdmy⌫ ‘id.’ E5; E26/23v9*
(rest.!); E27/31v26 (MS pncmyq!), 30; ≈ mn qdym ‘formerly’ E27/55v16. Phrase pynmcyqty
⌫ty ‘former things’ ~ mtqdmnẅt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31v1.
—Forms: (pnm)cyq E27/102r23; p✏nmcyq E27/31v7; pynmcyq E27/51v11*, 55v16;

(p r)nmc✏q Mt21.31 E5/38r; p rnmc q Lk16.5 E5/48r, Lk19.16 E5/125r; pyrnmcyq E26/
23v9*, 30v29; E28/110B4*, 111r29, 118B10*(?); pl. p-nmcyqt E27/57v27; pynmcyqt E27/
31v30; pyrnmcyqt Mt21.36 E5/38v*; E26/1v19, 2v16*; E28/13B6, 23r19, 110B8, 113v5*
(MS pyrnmcyt!); obl. pl. pynmcyqty E27/31v1.
pyrnms r, pyrnms , pynms , pnms , prnms r, S pyrnms r (i) adv. ‘before’ E28/9r2; otherwise
only in the phrases py(r)nms mnt as conj. ‘before’ E27/54r16, 94r19* (~ qdm d- ‘id.’); E28/
12r17 (~ mn qdm d- ‘id.’), 13A11f*; pnms cn as prep. ‘before’ ~ qdm ‘id.’ E27/77r17; (ii)
postp. + gen. (also with prep. cn) ‘before, in the presence of’ ~ (±mn) qdm ‘id.’ E5+; Ps5.6*,
9*, 33.8*; E28/14v27; Creed 3; ~ b-⇢yny, l-⇡ÿny ‘in the sight of’ E23.133; E27/27r22; ~ lwt
‘towards’ E27/60r4; ~ )⌫d ‘with, near’ E28/9v23.
—Forms: pnms⌫ E27/77r17; prnm-[s⌫r] E23.331f (restore thus); p✏nms⌫ E27/55v27; p-ynms⌫
E27/68v14, 68v24; pynms⌫ E27; p✏rnms⌫ E5; p r-nm-s⌫ Lk19.27 E5/125v; pyrnṁs⌫ E28/
11r11; pyrnms⌫ E5; E28; pyrnms⌫r E15A12; E21v3; E23; E24; E26; E28/7r10, v10; pyr-s⌫
(error!) Jn17.24 E5/83r; S pyrnms⌫r Ps5.6*, 9*, 33.8*; Creed 3.
pyrnmstr, pynmstr, pnmstr (i) adj. ‘former’ E26/25v24* (≈ mn qdm ‘before’); (ii) adv. ‘first,
before, previously’ E24c1.92 (~ mn qdm); E27/12v5 (~ l-qdmyhwn ‘before them’); E29/5r8;
also in phrases pyrnmstr m t as conj. ‘before’ ~ qdm d- ‘id.’ E29/8r7; yw pyrnmstr ‘first of
all’ E28/17v4; (iii) postp. (with prep. cn) ‘before’ ~ qdm ‘id.’ E27/11r28; ≈ mn qdym ‘for-
merly’ E23.198f.
—Forms: pnmstr E27/12v5; pynmstr E27/11r28; pyrnmstr E23.199; E24c1.92; E26/25v24*;
E28/17v4; E29/2v5, 5r8, 8r7.
p rn⌥q adj. ‘trustworthy’ ~ hymn quad. pass. pt. ‘id.’: Lk16.11, 12 E5/48v.
*pyrnyq wny adj. ‘credible, likely’: [py](rn)yq- wny E28/8r6 (≈ pys⌫ ‘conviction’); nom. sg. n.
(p)[yrnyq] wnw E28/7v20 (~ dmy p al act. pt. f. ‘likely’).
p st (unknown word) E27/Rv2.—Possibly p✏s is a verb ‘to get lost’, pp. pyty (q.v.).
pyst-: see *py⌫t.
py⌫t conj. ‘but’ ~ dyn ‘id.’ NT; E28.—Though common in the NT translations and E28, py(t is
rarely found elsewhere (only E26/44A3; E27/Cv2).
py(t-: see pyz.
py⌫trw (i) adv. ‘afterwards’ E12/2r12; E26/16v16; E27/12r9 (~ btrkn ‘id.’), 55r18 (~ hydyn
‘then’), 60v8 (~ id.); E29; (ii) as postp. ‘after’, only in the phrases cymydy py⌫trw ‘after this’
E28/17v10*; cywyd py⌫trw ‘afterwards’ E27/60r8 (~ mn btrkn ‘id.’); cywyd/cywy⇠ py⌫trw
c nw as conj. ‘after’ ~ (±mn) btr d- ‘after’ E27/22r2*; ~ kd ‘when’ E25/1v13; E26/28v1*; cn
cywy⇠ py⌫trw qt as conj. ‘after’ ~ mn btr d- 1Cor11.25 E6/7v.
py⌫-wz y noun ‘heirloom’ E27/51r21.
pyt- wt, pyt wt, pyt- w t adj. (i) ‘having lost hope, hopeless, despairing’: p t-⌫wt E28/94A5; pyt-
⌫⌫wt E26/30v10*; [py](t)⌫wt E26/16r13; (ii) ‘untrustworthy’: pyt-⌫w⌫t E26/30v20.
pyty adj. ‘lost’ ~ ⌫byd ‘id.’: f. pytc E27/6v16.—Cf. p✏st?
py⇠ywn m. PN ‘Pethion’ E8r3; E27.
pyw q noun ‘response, antiphon’ E9; E13v9. Corresponds in usage to Syr. ⇡wnyt⌫ ‘antiphon’, see
BT XLV, 32.
pyz / py⌫t- vb. ‘to hit, strike, afflict’ ~ m y p al ‘id.’ Mt5.39 E5/28v; E28/9v23, 26. Pp. py(ty
‘struck, afflicted’ ~ bl⇡ p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E28/12r24*. Passive py(ty b- ~ m y etp el or
etpa al ‘to be struck, be afflicted’ E28/1v11.
—Forms: 2 sg. fut. pyz✏q⌫n E28/9v26; 3 pl. fut. pyzntq⌫n E26/15v8; 1 sg. impf. pyzw E26/
8r8*; 3 sg. impf. pyz E26/16v17*; E27/51v13*; E28/9v23; 1 sg. subj. pyzn E26/16r15*; 3 sg.
subj. p ẓ̇t Mt5.39 E5/28v; 3 sg. tr. pret. pyzd⌫rt E28/23v17; pp. p✏(ty E28/69B7*; py(ty E28/
1v11, 12r24*.
*pz ty m. ‘noble’ ~ rb⌫, pl. r̈wrbn⌫ ‘prince, noble, captain’: pl. (pz⌫)t(yt) E28/27r26.
p⇡ yr / p⇡ yrt vb. ‘to shout, cry out’ ~ q⇡y p al ‘id.’ E27; ~ ⌫mr p al + b-ql⌫ rm⌫ ‘to say in a loud
voice’ E27/22v18* (rest.!).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. dur. p, ✏rtq E27/51r23; 1 pl. pres. dur. [p, y](ry)msqn E27/57r30; 3 sg.
impf. p⌫, ✏r E27/60v19, 31; past inf. p, ✏rt E27/3r14*, 12v10; p[, yrt] E27/22v18.
S r⌫, r⌫h: see r⌫+.
r f noun ‘disease, illness’ E25/1v20 (r⌫f ZY xw[⌫]c ‘disease and pain’ ≈ k⌫b⌫ ‘pain, disease’); E26/
5v11 (~ mwtn⌫ ‘pestilence’, Sims-Williams 1995b, 295 n. 34), 6A5 (~ kwrhn⌫ ‘disease’?—cf.
ibid., 297 n. 42), 6, 29r9 (~ k⌫b⌫); E28/16r25.
r fq w, S r ⌦k w adj. ‘ill, sick’ ~ krh p al pass. pt. ‘id.’: obl. pl. r⌫fq⌫wty E23.221; S r⌫⌘k⌫w Ps6.3.
r noun ‘plain’ ~ pq⇡t⌫ ‘id.’: obl. r⌫ ✏ Lk6.17 E5/91v.
*r mcyty (name of an idol) ‘the spirit Ram’: r⌫m(c)[y]ty E23.282.—I am grateful to Yutaka
Yoshida for this convincing restoration (see now Yoshida 2017, 173-4). There is no equiva-
lent in the Syriac, but the closest Greek version refers in this passage to the image of Heracles
(τῷ ἀγάλµατι τοῦ Ἡρακλέος, Krumbacher 1911, 13, line 18).—Cf. cyty.
r⌫mq⌫n: see rmq⌫n.
r mnt, r mnd, r mnty adv. ‘always, constantly’ ~ ⌫myn⌫yt ‘id.’ E28/7v18; ~ ⌫myn ‘id.’ (see
ThesSyr, 236) E28; ~ b-kl-zbn ‘at all times’ E28/5v25, 29; ≈ ⌫myn⌫ ‘constant’ E25/1v17*;
E28/12v3. Phrase <r mnty> wyspy m⇢y⇠y ‘constantly every day’ ~ kl-ywm b-ywm ‘every
day, day by day’ E27/55v23.
—Forms: r⌫[m]nd E25/1v17; r⌫mnt E26/1v10, 31r2, 42A8; E28/93A7, 98A3; E31r5; r⌫mnty
E26/31r2, 43v2*; E27/48v21 (MS rm⌫nty!), 54r25, 55v23; E28.
r n f. ‘belt’ ~ ζώνη ‘id.’ E23.278 (cf. Krumbacher 1911, 13, line 17).—See Gershevitch 1946,
180.
r t noun ‘gift’ E27/48v5*, 69v24 (~ mwhbt⌫ ‘id.’). Phrase r t (±yty) nm cq n ‘gifts and offerings’
~ mwḧbt⌫ ‘gifts’ E27/3v11*, 7v26.
r ⇠, r✓⇠, r ⇠, S r ↵, r ↵h f. (i) ‘road, way, path’ ~ ⌫wr ⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; Ps5.9; ~ zn⌫ ‘manner’ E28/1r20;
also in the phrases r ⇠ *xyr/xrt ‘to travel’ E26/30r27; r ⇠ ⌫w- ‘id.’ E26/32v31*; E27/31r1;
E30/4v9* (cf. also Ps12.9, where (r )↵[ ...] seems to translate hlk pa el ‘to walk, behave’);
r ⇠y ⌫w mc ‘travel, course’ ~ mrdyt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/11v28; ~ mrdyt⌫ d-b-⌫wr ⌫ ‘travelling on the
way’ E27/12v17; ~ hlkt⌫ ‘walk, course’ E27/94r9*, 10; (ii) ‘occasion’, in the phrase yw r ⇠
‘on one occasion’ ~ b-zbn ‘once’ E27/60r19, v25; ~ d⌫ zbn ‘id.’ E28/3r15*; ~ ⌫wr ⌫ ... ⌫ rt⌫
‘on another occasion’ E28/65v9.
—Forms: (⌫)r(⌫+) Col1.10 E32/2r; r⌫+ E5; E23.176; E26; E27; E28; E30/4v8, 9*, 7r4*; r[ ]+
Mt20.17 E5/34v; obl. r⌫+y E26/3v10, 8v7, 14r7; E27; E28/12r9; E30/4r22*; E31v8; yr⌫+y
E27/87v10; pl. r⌫+yt E28/3v14; S r⌫ Ps5.9, 12.9*; r⌫h Frg18.3.
r ⇠- ⌫t yny m. ‘guide, instructor’ ~ tr⌫⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. r⌫+-⌫(t⌫yn t Gal3.25 E6/3r.
r ⇠c noun ‘traveller, tramp’ E28/11r7, 17r2.
*r ⇠c ny adj. ‘(suitable) for the road’(?): [r⌫+]|(c)⌫ny E28/17r1f.
r ⇠p n m. ‘robber’: r⌫+p⌫n E27/51v19, 20*; obl. pl. (r⌫+p⌫)nt Lk10.36 E5/91r (~ gys⌫ ‘id.’);
r⌫+p⌫nty E27/51v18 (~ ls*y⌫ ‘id.’, see Mt27.38).
r ⇠t q noun ‘guide’ E26/1r14; E28/18v21.

r⌫+y: see ⌫wr⌫+y, r⌫+.
r wt adj. ‘riverine, of a river’: r⌫wt E26/15r4; obl. r⌫wty E26/14v17*. Cf. rwt.—See Sims-
Williams–Bi forthcoming.
r y vb. ‘to weep, cry’ ~ bky p al ‘id.’ Jn16.20 E5/79r; E27.
—Forms: 2 pl. fut. r⌫yt⌫q⌫ Jn16.20 E5/79r; 3 sg. #z-impf. r⌫y⌫z E27/60r30, 87v10; 3 pl. #z-impf.
r⌫y⌫znt E27/60r15*; 3 sg. impf. r⌫y E27/60r16; 2 sg. impv. r⌫y E29/5r11.
r z, S r ẓh f. ‘secret, mystery, sacrament, symbol’ ~ ⌫rz⌫/r⌫z⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E29/4r2 (Dan2.47); ~ ksy
p al pass. pt. f. ‘secret’ E26/27r3* (rest.!).—Cf. ⌫w(t⌫pr⌫z.
—Forms: r⌫z E26/1r14; E27; E28/9r27*; E29/4r2; obl. r⌫zy [perhaps partly belonging to r⌫z⌫]
E27/40v23, 57v6*, 13; obl. pl. r⌫zty E26/27r3*; E27/39v8; S r⌫ẓh O2497.1, 6.
r z (Syr.) ‘sacrament, Eucharist’ E27/57v13 (~ r̈⌫z⌫ ‘id.’).—Cf. r⌫z.
r zy n adj. ‘mysterious, symbolic’ (qualifying w⌫x((t) ‘word(s)’) ~ ⌫rzny⌫ ‘id.’: r⌫zy⌫n E28/3v22;
pl. r⌫zy⌫nt E27/31v16.
rbn (Syr.) ‘Our master’, used as title of John of Dail#m and &em⇡on d-⌥aibuteh: rbn E26; E28/
1r[m], 2; obl. rbny E26.
rm-, rm-, S rm- m. ‘people’ ~ ⇡m⌫, pl. ⇡m̈m⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps. Phrase ysr( )yl rm- ‘the people
̈
Israel’ ~ ⌫ysryl ‘Israel’ Lk24.21 E5/72r, Jn1.31 E5/19v; ~ bny ⌫ysr⌫yl ‘sons of Israel’
E24c1.32.
—Forms: nom. sg. rmy E24c1.32, c2.8; E27/39r2, 55r24, 94v5; E28/23r1, 95A6*; nom. as
acc. sg. rm Lk1.77 E5/6v; rmy E29/1v10; acc. sg. rmw E27/40r4, 69v27; gen. sg. ⌫rmy
E23.236, A14; E26/30v29; rm✏ E27/65v26; rmy E26/28r16; E27/27r20*; abl. sg. rm⌫ E27/
27r7*, 65r21*, 68v27; obl. rm Lk1.68 E5/6r, Lk6.17 E5/91v, Lk24.21 E5/72r; nom.-acc. pl.
rmt⌫ Mt25.32 E5/125v, Lk24.47 E5/83v; Rom11.13 E6/5v; E26/31r7; E27/48r28* (read
(r)[mt](⌫)[ with Cat., 110), 69v29; E29/2v9; nom.-acc. as gen. pl. rmt⌫ Mt10.18 E5/75r; E26/
31v3; gen. pl. rmty⌫ Rom11.13 E6/5v*; E27/57r30; abl. pl. rmty⌫ E28/27v23; S rmy nom. as
acc. sg. Ps29.0, 11 (x2), 51.1-2; 20223r1; gen. pl. rmtyh Ps33.10 (x2).
rm⌫nty E27/48v21: mistake for r⌫mnty.
rmq n, *r mq n noun, rmq ny m. ‘gentile, pagan, heathen’ ~ ⌫rmy⌫ ‘id.’ 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*;
Gal3.28 E6/3r; ~ np⌫ ‘id.’ E23.257*, 259; E27/55v15; E28/10r20, 26; ~ ⇡m̈m⌫ ‘gentiles’ E26/
31r29.
—Forms: rmq⌫ny Gal3.28 E6/3r; pl. rmq⌫nt E26/8v1*; E28/17v5; rmq⌫n✏t 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*;
E28/10r26; rmq⌫n t E28/10r20; obl. pl. r⌫mq[⌫nty] E23.257; rmq⌫nty E23.259; E26/31r29;
E28/9v1*; rmq⌫n-yty E27/55v15.
rmq n-mync adj. ‘heathen’ ~ d- n̈p⌫ ‘of the heathen’ E26/30v18.
rmq ny f. ‘heathendom’ E26/27r22*.
r✓m⇠ GN ‘Arimathea’ Mt27.57 E5/65r.
*rmy, S rmy m. ‘flock’ ~ gzr⌫ ‘id.’ Hymn 7.
r̈r̈⇠m⌫ E21v4: mistake for dr̈⇠m⌫, see ⌫lh⌫ ⌫b⌫ *dr̈⇠m⌫.
1
r⌫t- f. ‘truth’. Only nom.-acc. sg. r(t⌫ (i) as predic. adj. ‘true’ E27/6r13 (~ (ryr⌫ ‘id.’), 52r14; (ii)
as adv. ‘truly’ ~ ⌫myn ‘id.’ E5; E28/38v12(?) (–); E30/2r4 (–).
2
r⌫t-, S r⌫t- adj. ‘right, upright, just, true, correct’ ~ tr) p al pass. pt. ‘upright’ Ps33.1; ~ b-qw(t⌫
‘in (accordance with) right’ Ps19.10*; ~ (ryr⌫ ‘true’ E26/24v12; E27/48r22; ~ d-(rr⌫ ‘of truth’
E26/28r2*(?). Phrase w x⌫ty r⌫ty ⌫w mnty ‘correct flow of words’ ~ ⌫rw⇡wt⌫ d-m̈l⌫ ‘disput-
ation with words’ E28/14v15.
—Forms: nom. sg. m. r(ty E26/24v12, 28r2* (see BT XXXII, 128 note a); E28/14v15 (as
acc.); acc. sg. f. r(t⌫ E36/1v16; pl. r(t✏t E27/48r22; S nom. sg. m. as f. (r)[(t](y) Ps19.10; pl.
r(tyt Ps33.1.
S r⌫twc r noun ‘consolation’ in phrase r⌫twc r kwn- ‘to console’ ~ by⌫ pa el ‘id.’ Ps23.4.
r⌫ty q, r⌫ty q, S r⌫ty k f. ‘rectitude, justice, truth’ ~ (rr⌫ ‘truth’ Lk16.11 E5/48v; E27/1r12*,
27v5, 68v30; E28/8v17, 10r29*; ~ qw(t⌫ ‘rectitude’ Col1.6 E32/2r; Ps51.8* (rest.!); ~ k⌫nwt⌫
‘id.’ Ps5.10*; E27/108v3* (rest.!); ~ try)wt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/27v10* (rest.!). Phrase pr r⌫ty q ‘in
truth, in rectitude’ ~ (ryr⌫yt ‘truly’ Lk12.44 E5/130v, Lk24.34 E5/73r; E27; ~ try)⌫yt ‘up-
rightly’ E27/12v15*.—Cf. ⌫r(ty⌫qy⌫.
—Forms: ⌫r(ty⌫q Col1.6 E32/2r; r(ty⌫q Lk12.44 E5/130v, Lk16.11 E5/48v, Lk24.34 E5/73r;
E27; E28; obl. r(ty⌫qy E27/68v30; E28/100A5*; S r(ty⌫k Ps5.10*, 51.8*.
r⌫ty qmync adj. ‘concerning truth’ ~ d-(rr⌫ ‘of truth’ E26/31r22.
rt (Persian title) ‘Rad’ ~ rd/r⌫d ‘id.’ E27/22r11, 14, 24r12*, 26r3.
r +: see r⌫+.
rt-, S rt-: see rty.
rtf = rty + -f.
S rtms = rty + ms.
S rtn- m. ‘jewel’: nom. as abl. sg. rtny Ps19.11 (~ k⌫p⌫ ‘stone’).
rtnyny adj. ‘jewelled’: f. rtnync E29/4v4.
rt(n = rty + (n.
rt(w, S rt(w = rty + 1(w.
rty, rt-, rt, 2 rty, r, ty, 2 t,33 S rty, rt- conj. ‘and, then’ (linking coordinate clauses or intro-
ducing/resuming a main clause after a subordinate or relative clause) ~ w- ‘and’ Col1.13 E32/
2v; Ps33.9, 34.7, 9; E26; E27; E28; E29/8v9; ~ dyn ‘but’ E26/30v15; E27; E28/5v21; ~ ⌫l⌫
‘id.’ E27/22r4; ~ gyr ‘for’ E27/13r17, 20, v24, 29; ~ kd ‘while’ E27/22v18, 25r11; ~ ⌫p ‘also’
E28/5v16. Often without any corresponding word in the underlying Syriac.
—Forms: ⌫r E26/30v12*; E27; E28; ⌫rt Col1.13 E32/2v; E28/9r27*(?); ⌫rt E28/111v25; ⌫rty
E26; E28; E30/4r5; ⌫t Lk1.66 E5/6r (2nd ⌫t); E26/31v7; E27/1r26; ⌫ty E10/2A3; E26; rty E26;
E27; E28/62r4; E29/1r2; S rty Ps34.9; 12600Ir3, 8*, 12, v5, 10*, IIr12*, v8, 13, 20223v4,
20227r11*, v[m]. Combined: ⌫rcn E28/65r2; ⌫rty(y E29/8v9; ⌫tcn E28/13B6*(?); ⌫tqt E28/1v1,
3, 22, 23, 3r16; rtf E27/13r19, 27, 30; rt(n E27/22r9; rt(w E26/1v8; S rtms Ps33.9; rt(w
Ps34.7; rtyms O2497.3.
S rtyms = rty + ms.
rw n, rw n, S rw n, rw n m. ‘soul’ ~ np(⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.28, 28* E5/76r; Ps6.4*, 5*, 24.4*;
E24c2.23; E26/25r21, 31v22; E27; E28; ~ rw ⌫, pl. r̈w t⌫ ‘spirit’ E26/32v1* (rest.!). Phrase
ptwyd + rw n ‘to deliver up (one’s) soul’ ~ (lm pa el ‘to come to an end, die’ (elsewhere
also ‘to deliver up’, see BT XII, 132) E27/60v2.
—Forms: ⌫rw⌫n E24c2.23; E26/1r11; rw⌫n Mt10.28, 28* E5/76r; E26; E27; E28; E30/2r13;
E31r16; obl. rw⌫ny E26/5r13; E27/40r1, 5*, 61v18; E28; pl. rw⌫nt E26/3r19, 21; E27/39v3, 6;
33
Since 1⌫t ‘and’ can also link coordinate clauses, many examples of ⌫t are ambiguous. The instances of ⌫t listed here
are only those where the translation ‘and’ seems to be excluded; some of these are probably mere errors, and some
may imitate the usage of Syr. w-, which can also introduce a main clause, but it can hardly be an accident that they
include most attestations of the combination ⌫tqt. For the sake of simplicity I have listed 2⌫t and ⌫ty under rty, whose
functions they seem to share, but it is an open question whether they belong etymologically with rty or with 1⌫t (or
even partly with one and partly with the other).
E28/12v13; obl. pl. rw⌫nty E26/3r16; S ⌫rw⌫n 12600Ir10*; rw⌫n Ps6.4*, 24.4*; obl. ⌫rw⌫ny
12600Ir7*; [rw](⌫ny) Ps6.5.
rw n-mync, rw nmync, rw n-mync adj. ‘of the soul, spiritual’: ⌫rw⌫[n-mync] Col1.9 E32/2r (~
d-rw ‘of the spirit’); rw⌫nmync E31r19*; rw⌫n-mync E26/24v10 (≈ np(⌫ ‘soul’).
rwc: see dt(y rwc, dyny rwc. In E40v1 rwcy (obl.) belongs to another day-name, the first part of
which is not preserved.
rwcp n m. ‘executioner’ ~ rwzbn⌫ ‘id.’: rwcp⌫n E27/27r12, 16, 17*; pl. rwcp⌫nt E27/27r26* (–),
v9*.
rwctyt: see rw,ty⌫.
1
rwd noun ‘brass’ E29/4r12 (~ n (⌫ ‘id.’, Dan2.39).
2
rwd / rwst- vb. ‘to grow’: 3 sg. pres. rwdt E28/13B16; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. rwsty E23.112 (≈ yld
ap el ‘to bring forth’); pp. rwsty E23.120.
rwdny adj. ‘brazen’ ~ d-n (⌫ ‘of brass’: rwdny E27/23r4; acc. sg. m. rwdnw E27/91r8*.
rw n, S rw n noun ‘oil’ ~ m( ⌫ ‘id.’ Lk10.34 E5/91r, Lk16.6 E5/48r; Ps23.5; E27/94v20, 21.
—Forms: rw n Lk10.34 E5/91r, Lk16.6 E5/48r; E12/2r14; E26/12v35*; E27/94v20; obl.
rw ny E27/94v21; S rw n Ps23.5.
rwq noun ‘disease’ in phrase zyrc rwq ‘yellow disease, jaundice’: obl. rwqy E38A9.
rwncyq-m⌫ny E28/1r22: mistake for ryncwq-m⌫ny.
rwp vb. ‘to reap’ ~ )d p al ‘id.’: 2 sg. pres. rwp✏ Lk19.21 E5/125r; 1 sg. pres. dur. rwpmsq
Lk19.22 E5/125r; 3 sg. opt.(?) r[w]p(y) E28/44v9 (–). Unclear: rwṗ(y)[ E28/19V16; rwp[
E28/35A6.
rwr- f. ‘herb, medicinal plant’: nom.-acc. sg. rwr⌫ E26/1r22; E38A5; acc. pl. *rwrt⌫ ~ sm̈mn⌫
‘medicines’ E28/12r13 (MS dwrt⌫!).
rwrt adj. ‘lewd’ E28/38v2.
rwst-: see 2rwd.
1
rw⌫ vb. ‘to roar’: pres. inf. rw(y E26/30v21.
2
rw⌫ vb. ‘to flow, stream’: 3 sg. #z-impf. rw(⌫z E27/14v21 (~ rdy p al ‘id.’); 3 sg. opt. rw(y E27/
14v22*.
rw⌫ mnty m. ‘flow, flowing’ E28/3r23.
rw⌫ ⌅ny adj. ‘desirable’: acc. sg. m. rw( n↵ E27/68r7.
rwt, S rwt m. ‘river’ ~ nhr⌫ ‘id.’ Ps24.2*; E24c1.20; E27. Phrases: trny rwt ‘fiery river’ ~ ghn⌫
d-nwr⌫ ‘Gehenna of fire’ E23.266; ywrdnn rwt ‘River Jordan’ ~ ywrdnn ‘Jordan’ Jn1.28 E5/
19v*;34 E26/30v32; E27/53r6 (–).—For r⌫wt in E26 see separate entry.
—Forms: rwt E23.266; E24c1.20; E26/12r3, 30v32; E27; obl. r[w]t Jn1.28 E5/19v; r↵ty
E27/22v15; S rwt Ps24.2*.
rwx⌫n- adj. ‘light, bright’ ~ nhyr⌫ ‘id.’ Mt17.5 E5/127v*; E23.165; E27/91r11*; ~ zhy p al pass.
pt. ‘shining, splendid’ E24c2.11. Phrase rwx⌫n- *wn-/qt-, S [rwx⌫n](y) (k)[wn]- ‘to make
bright’ ~ nhr ap el ‘to brighten, enlighten’ E26/23v4; Ps19.9*.—Cf. *⌫rwx(n⌫ rdmn,
rwx(nystr.
—Forms: nom. sg. m. rwx(ny Mt17.5 E5/127v*; E23.165; E24c2.11; E26/3v4, 6A3, 23v4 (as
acc.); E29/7r2*, v3; E34v9; E36/3r13*; nom.-acc. pl. rwx(nt⌫ E27/91r11*; E51A6*.
34
It is possible that E5 here follows the Curetonian reading ywrdnn nhr⌫ ‘River Jordan’, but it is equally likely that
the word rwt is the translator’s addition (see Sims-Williams 2016, 72).
rwx⌫ny q f. ‘light, enlightenment’ ~ nwhr⌫ ‘light’ E5+; ~ nhyrwt⌫ ‘lucidity’ E28/12v3. Phrases:
rwx⌫ny q d r ‘to bear light’ ~ nhr ap el ‘to provide light, enlighten’ E27/94r24; rwx⌫ny q
⇠br- ‘to give light’ ~ id. Lk1.79 E5/6v, Jn5.35 E5/41v* (rest.!); E28/4v29.
—Forms: rwx(ny⌫q Mt17.2 E5/127v*, Jn5.35 E5/41v*; E23.217; E24c1.27*, c3.64; E26/
23v6*, 38A5*; E27; E28; obl. rwx(ny⌫q Lk16.8 E5/48r, Jn3.20 E5/23r; rwx(ny⌫qy E27/39v7;
E28/16r17.
rwx⌫ny qy f. ‘light’ E24c3.72.
rwx⌫nystr compar. adj. ‘brighter’ E26/23v7.—Cf. rwx(n-.
rwx⌫t past stem ‘to flash, shine’ ~ brq ap el pass. pt. ‘id.’: past inf. rwx(t E23.31 (see Benveniste
1947, 99 n. 1).
rw✏(t: see n⌫-rw✏(t.
rw⇡ vb. ‘to desire, yearn for’ ~ rgrg quad.refl. ‘to yearn’ E24c1.78; E26/30r14[m]; ~ rgg p al ‘to
desire, covet’ E27/94v12; E29/1r6 (Ex20.17).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. rw,t E27/94v12; 3 pl. pres. rw,nt E26/30r14[m]; 2 sg. pres. dur. rw,ysq
E27/51v24; 3 sg. impf.(?) [r]w, E28/93A11; 2 sg. opt. rw,y E26/1v10; 3 sg. opt. rw,y
E24c1.78; 2 sg. impv. rw, E28/88B2; 2 pl. impv. *rw,t⌫ E29/1r6 (MS rw,ty⌫!). Pres. pt.
rw,ny: pl. rw,n✏t E27/48v12.
rw⇡ty , rw⇡y , S rwz-ty- f. ‘desire’ ~ rgt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/60r22, 69v26; E28/1v8, 12r23; ~ rgygt⌫
‘desire, lust’ E27/40r13; E28/2av1, 12v5, 6.
—Forms: rw,ty⌫ E27/51v29, 61v28*, 69v26; E28/1v8, 12r23; [E29/1r6: mistake for rw,t⌫, see
rw,]; E29/5r11; rw,y⌫ E26/1v10; obl. rw,ty⌫- E27/60r22; rw,ty⌫y E28/16r20, v20*, 24A15*;
pl. rw,t✏t E27/40r13; E28/16v17*, 96A4; rw,tyt E28/2av1, 12v5 (MS rwctyt), 13A16*,
29A5; obl. pl. rw,tyty E28/12v6; S rwz-ty-⌫ 12600Ir3*, 9, IIv12*.
rx noun ‘lie, deceit, wile’, perhaps also ‘stratagem, means’: rx E28/112B4; E31r10*; pl. rxt E28/
16v23.
rx-qryny adj. ‘deceptive’: pl. rx-qryn✏t E28/112B4.
rxn-, rx- vb. (i) ‘to venture, dare’ ~ mr ap el ‘id.’ E23.163, A30; E27/24v15*, 56r19; E28/
7v3*; ~ m)y p al ‘to be able’ E27/25r3f; (ii) ‘to send’(?) E26/12v4.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. rxnty E28/19r6; 3 sg. pres. dur. rxntysq E28/7v3*; rxnty-sqwn E27/
25r3f; 3 sg. #z-impf. rxn⌫z E27/17v1, 2; 3 pl. #z-impf. r(x)[n⌫znt] E27/24v15; 3 sg. opt. rxny
E23A30; rxy E26/12v4; 3 sg. subj. rxn⌫t E23.134 (emendation by Gershevitch 1946, 181, for
Hansen’s rxy⌫t in a lost fragment); E27/56r19; 3 sg. tr. pret. rxnd⌫rt E23.163 (thus read by
Benveniste 1947, 95).
rxpyn noun ‘yoghurt’ E29/5r2.
†rxy⌫t E23.134: read *rxn⌫t, see rxn-.
ryq adj. ‘vicious, wicked’: obl. ryqy E30/4r4 (~ srw ⌫ ‘id.’, SA Syr. 11).
r m m. ‘dirt, impurity’ ~ )⌫wt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/61r25.
ryncq, rync q, ryncq adj. ‘little’, m. ‘child’ ~ *ly⌫ ‘child’ Lk1.66 E5/6r, Lk1.76 E5/6v, Lk1.80
E5/6v; Gal4.1 E6/3v; E24c1.83; E27/69v17; ~ ylwd⌫ ‘infant’ Gal4.3 E6/3v; ~ z⇡wr⌫ ‘little’
E26/27v6, 32v6. Phrase ryncq z q ‘little child’ ~ *ly⌫ E29/8v9.—Cf. rystr, rytr.
—Forms: ⌫ryncq E29/8v9; r nc⌫q Lk1.66 E5/6r, Lk1.80 E5/6v; ryncq E26/32v6; E27/69v17;
E29/6v22; voc. sg. m. r ncq⌫ Lk1.76 E5/6v; pl. ⌫r(y)[ncq](t) E29/8v11; ryncqt E26/27v6;
ryncq+ E24c1.83.
ryncqw adj. ‘light (in weight), small’ E27/48v5*.
ryncwq-m ny adj. ‘frivolous, contemptible’, lit. ‘light-minded’: *ryncwq-m⌫ny E28/1r22 (MS

rwncyq-m⌫ny!) (~ mzdll ‘contemptible’, lit. ‘light (in weight)’); pl. ryncwq-m⌫n✏t E28/16v6.
rystr compar. adj. ‘less, least’ ~ z⇡wr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/48r5 (as by-name of ‘B#bay the Less’, see BT
XII, 95), 68v30; ~ b)yr⌫ ‘inferior, mean’ 1Cor1.28 E6/12v.—Cf. ryncq, rytr.
—Forms: nrystr E27/48r5; r✏str E27/68v30; r str 1Cor1.28 E6/12v.
*ry⌫ dt , S ry⌫ t (Syr. title of a church official) ‘ecclesiarch’ DTS G20.
ry⌫ wmr (Syr.) ‘abbot’ E26/14r13, 31v23, 32r6*.
ryt, S ryt f. (i) ‘face’ ~ pr)wp⌫ ‘id.’ Mt17.2 E5/127v; E23.165; E27/68r27; ~ ⌫⇤⌫ ‘id.’ E23.150;
E24c2.10; E27/60r10; ~ (ywt⌫ ‘complexion’ E29/3r2 (cf. Dan1.13); (ii) obl. ryty obl. as adv.
and postp. + gen. ‘before, in front (of), in the presence (of), against, towards’ ~ lwqbl ‘id.’
Ps51.5; ~ qdm ‘before, in front of’ E27/22r17; E28/9v8; E30/5r16 (see Nau 1920, 25, no. 64);
~ l⌫wr⇡ ‘to meet, towards’ E27/40v15. Phrases: ryt ngm n ‘openly’(?) E25/3A3*(?); r⌥t
ngm ny✓ ‘id.’ ~ ⇡yn b-gl⌫ ‘id.’ Jn16.25 E5/79v.
—Forms: r t Mt17.2 E5/127v, Jn16.25 E5/79v; ryt E23.150, 165, 166; E24c2.10 (thus Cat.,
ed. ryt(y)); E25/3A3; E26/22B2; E27/55r22, 60r10, 68r27; E28/19r3, 101r30; E29/3r2, 6r5;
E36/3r11*; obl. ryty E26/17A4*(?); E27; E28; E30/5r16; S ryt 20222br2; obl. ryty Ps51.5.
rytr compar. adj. ‘worse’ Jn2.10 E5/21v* (~ b)yr⌫ ‘inferior’); E28/27r13.—Cf. ryncq, rystr.
rytry f. ‘decline, damage, evil, harm’ E26/2r18, 5r24, v8; E27/87r17 (rytry⌫ [wn-] ‘to do harm’
~ b⌫( ap el ‘to harm’), 102v26 (~ lpwt⌫, a word of uncertain meaning, see Syr. s.v.).
ryw- xr adj. ‘richly blessed’ E30/4r19.
1
ryz noun ‘falling down, subsidence’ E26/2r19.
2
ryz vb. ‘to fall’: 3 sg. pres. ryzt E26/1r10; 3 sg. (for pl.) tr. pret. ryzt⌫t E20v4.
1
ry⇡, S ry m. ‘will, wish, desire’ ~ )byn⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; Ps19.15; Hymn 9; ~ )bwt⌫ ‘id.’ (in the ex-
pression cn mn⌫ r w r✏, ~ mn )bwt np(y ‘of my own accord’) Jn5.30 E5/41r.35
—Forms: r✏, Jn5.30 E5/41r (x2); E27; E28/1r13, 8r4, 26A6; r-y, E27/31v21, 40v12, 51r27;
ry, Mt10.29 E5/76r, Jn5.30 E5/41r*, Jn9.31 E5/101v; E8v3*; E23.186; E26/23v23, 26r11*,
28r24*; E27/12v15, 57v21; E28/11v28, 25A12*, 65r14; E30/6r2; obl. ry,y E26/23v8; E28/
38v2, 6; pl. r✏,t E28/8r26; ryẓ̌̇t(!) E28/8v24; S ry⇣ Ps19.15, Hymn 9.
2
ry⇡ vb. ‘to be desirable, be desired’ ≈ )by p al ‘to desire’ E26; E27/31v9, 60r20; ≈ )by p al +
)byn⌫ ‘to desire a desire’ E26/24r12; ≈ )byn⌫ ‘desire’ E26/24v17, 31r20.—Unlike Syr. )by,
Sogd. ry, is always construed impersonally, with any agent in an obl. case.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. r✏,t E27/48v11; ry,t E23.137 (subj.?); E26; E27/31v9, 51v6 (subj.?); 3
sg. pres. dur. r-y,tq E27/51v27; r✏,tq E28/16r17; ry,tq E26/2v19*, 25r6*; ry,tsqn E26/31r20;
3 sg. fut. ry,tq⌫n E26/2v14*; 3 sg. #z-impf. ry,⌫z E27/60r20; 3 sg. subj. ry,⌫t E26/2r29, 15v4,
24v25; 3 sg. tr. pret. ry,d⌫rt E26/24r12, 27v9*, 31r3.
ry⇡y n adj. ‘desirable’: pl. ry,y⌫nt E28/38r5, v1, 5.
r[ ]•̈ [ ]yq (unidentified ethnic adjective) E26/15v30*.
r•nd⌫rt E23.163: read r(x)nd⌫rt, see rxn-.
s⌫: see p(ys⌫, pyrnms⌫r, s⌫r.
s c vb. ‘to be proper, be appropriate, be right’ ~ zdq p al act. pt. ‘id.’ Lk24.46 E5/83v*; Col1.10
E32/2r; E27/31r5, 126v29; E28/5r17; ~ wl⌫ ‘(it is) proper, appropriate’ Lk24.44 E5/83v; ~ (ly*
35
According to Peters 1936, 160, and 1939, 46-47, ry, in Mt10.29 E5/76r also depends on a reading with )bwt⌫
‘will’ (= voluntas in the Vetus Latina etc.). See further Sims-Williams 2016, 67.
‘(to be) permitted’ E27/66r4. Phrase s ⌫t pr wd s ‘one may wonder’ ~ h l-mtdmrw ‘it is to
be wondered at’ Jn9.30 E5/101r.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. s⌫(t Lk24.44 E5/83v, Jn9.30 E5/101r; Col1.10 E32/2r; E24c3.33; E26/
2r14, 3v21; E27/31r5, 57v15, 66r4; E28; 3 sg. #z-impf. s⌫c⌫z E27/126v29; dur. pt. s⌫[cyq](?)
Lk24.46 E5/83v*.
s cy, S *s cy adj. ‘proper, appropriate, fitting’: s⌫cy E26/3r22, v26; E28/2av17*(?) (~ d-wlyt⌫ ‘of
what is proper’), 13A16, 78B8*; S s⌫c[y](?) Ps33.1 (~ y⌫y⌫ ‘id.’).
s cy-mycy , s cy-mcy f. ‘what is proper’: s⌫cy-mycy⌫ E27/61r20 (~ dylh ‘(what is) its own’); obl.
s⌫cy-mcy⌫- E27/102v30* (~ zdq⌫ ‘what is proper’).
s cymync adj. as noun ‘(what is) proper, necessary’ ~ wlyt⌫ ‘id.’: pl. s⌫cymynct E28/3r21.
s q noun ‘number, count, counting’ E27/12r7*; E28/17r26; E43B3.—Cf. mzyx-s⌫q.
s⌫qy⌫: see mzyxs⌫qy⌫.
s n, S s n m. ‘enemy’ ~ b⇡ldbb⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.71 E5/6r, Lk1.74 E5/6v, Lk19.27 E5/125v*; Ps5.9,
23.5*, 32.7*; E26/25r25, v23, 29r4*; E27; E28/4r22; ~ yl⌫, pl. ÿlwt⌫ ‘forces, host, army’
E24c1.20; ~ rdwp⌫ ‘persecutor’ E27/27r21.
—Forms: s⌫n E26/1r7, 12, 25v23; E27/66r16*, 104r4; E28/4r22; E30/4r22; obl. s⌫ny E26/
5r18; pl. s⌫nt Lk1.71 E5/6r, Lk19.27 E5/125v*; E26/25r25, 29r4*; E27/23v24, 111v7; E28/
22A15, 82A2; s⌫n+ E24c1.20; obl. pl. s⌫nt Lk1.74 E5/6v; s⌫nty E27/27r21*; E28; S s⌫n Ps5.9,
32.7*; pl. s⌫[nt] Ps23.5.
*s n ⇤ m. ‘enmity’ ~ b⇡ldbbwt⌫ ‘id.’: [s⌫n⌫](ẅ⌫) E26/23v10.
̈
s✓ nʾw -mync adj. ‘of enmity’ E26/23v13.
s n wty , s nwty f. ‘enmity’ ~ b⇡ldbbwt⌫ ‘id.’: s⌫n⌫wty⌫ E27/57r17; E28/11v15; s nwty⌫ E28/
20v15; s⌫nwty⌫ E28/20v18.
S s⌫nkwn: see ⌘⌫y s⌫nkwn.
s pt, s ptw adj. ‘left, left-hand’: ~ d-sml⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57r27; as noun ‘the left hand’ ~ sml⌫ ‘id.’ E27/
57v8. Phrase s pt qyr n ‘the left side’ ~ id. Mt25.33 E5/126r*, Mt25.41 E5/126v; E27/60v13.
—Forms: s⌫pt Mt25.33 E5/126r*, Mt25.41 E5/126v; E27/60v13; s⌫pt↵ E27/57v8; s⌫ptw E27/
57r27.
s r, s , S s r postp. (i) generally used with prep. 2qw, S kw + acc. ‘to, into, towards, for’ or with
one of its compounds (qymnt, qymyd, qyw, qywnt, qywy+), see the relevant entries above;
(ii) with other prepositions: pr ‘by’ E8v7f; cn ‘from’ E26/1v13, 32r5 (~ mn ‘id.’); (iii) alone,
without prep., especially in certain idioms (see below) and governing pers. pronouns: ~ l- ‘to,
for’ E18r7*; E23.159, 235, 293; E26/26v20, 27v12, 30r26, 28; E28/7r2; ~ l- marking a direct
object E29/1r8 (mistake?); ~ lwt ‘to’ E18v9f; E26/27v10; ~ ⇡m ‘with’ E26/24r37; ~ b- ‘into’
E28/1v14.—Governs a loc. in E28/25A5. Phrases: y m s r, qw y✓m s (and other spellings)
‘finally, at last’ ~ b- rt⌫ ‘in the end’ Mt21.29, 32 E5/38r; ~ ⌫ ryt ‘finally’ Mt21.37 E5/38v;
E29/5v12 = 5v23 (citing Mt4.2, see BT XXXII, 104); ~ mtwm⌫yt ‘everlastingly’ E26/
28r2*(?); qw s (r) ‘whither?’ E26/12v2; E27/87v7 (~ l-⌫yk⌫ ‘id.’); qw s r qy ‘wherever’ ~ kl
kr d-/b-kl ⌫tr d- ‘id.’ E28/9v29*.—Cf. cwpr-s⌫r, pyrnms⌫r, sngs⌫r.
—Forms: s⌫ E3; E5; 1Cor12.13 E6/20r, 1Cor12.21 E6/20v; E12/2v5*; E26/31r7; E27; E28;
E34r10, v4; E35A7, B2; E50v2; s⌫r altered to s⌫ E27/31r3, 57v14; s⌫r Rom11.15 E6/5v*,
Tit3.2 E6/5r*; Rom6.4 E32/1r, Col1.8 E32/2r*; E8v8; E18r7*, v10, 11; E23; E24; E25; E26;
E28; E29; E30; E31r23*, v18; E36/1r1* (ed. (srd⌫r), read s(⌫r) with Cat., 182), 6, 2r2; E40r6;
E50v2; S s⌫r Ps; Creed 6, 9, 10; 12600IIv4, 20222bv7, 20223r1*, 6, v4, 20227r6*, 10*.—
Combined: ⌫dys⌫ E19r1, E34r13; ⌫trs⌫ E28/64A4*; ⌫y⌫ms⌫r E26/28r2*; E28/69A2*; ⌧yms⌫
Mt21.29 E5/38r; ⌫ẏms⌫ Mt21.37 E5/38v; by⌫rys⌫ E9/1r3; frm⌫ns⌫ E28/62r4*; rys⌫r E28/24A17;
k+s⌫ E28/10r25; qwtrs⌫r E26/27r10*; m⌫xs⌫ E26/27v37; E28/23v14; m⌫xs⌫r E28/8r26;
mzyxy⌫s⌫r E26/27r32; nyq⌫w✏s⌫ E28/5v26; sm⌫ns⌫r E28/62v8*; (m⌫xs⌫ Rom11.13 E6/5v; t⌫f⌫s⌫r
E26/26v20, 27r1*; t⌫fs⌫ E27; E28/17r8, 22B17f*, 64B1*; t⌫m⌫s⌫r E26/12v10; t⌫ms⌫ E27/6v14,
69r10*, v30*; w⌫x(s⌫ Mt19.11 E2/2v*; wn s⌫ Gal4.2 E6/3v*; wnys⌫ Mt19.11 E2/2r*, Mt19.17
E2/2v*; E28/3r23, 20r9; w(tm⌫xs⌫ E28/3v20, 28, 8r19*; wy(nts⌫ Mt19.11 E2/2r*; E28/65v13;
zpry⌫qs⌫r E26/13v6*; ,w⌫ns⌫ Mt19.17 E2/2v*; S [kyws⌫r: see qyw]; sm⌫ns⌫r Creed 9; t⌫⌘⌫s⌫r
Ps32.6.
s rb noun ‘tower’ ~ mgdl⌫ ‘id.’ Mt21.33 E5/38r, Lk13.4 E5/34r.
s rst adj. ‘beautiful, splendid’ E24c2.10 (~ p⌫⌫ ‘beautiful’); E29/2v1.—Cf. w⌫-s⌫rst.
s rsty f. ‘beauty’ E23.95 (see BT XLV, 63).
s⌫(t: see s⌫c.
s t, S s t adj. ‘all, whole’ ~ kl, kwl ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; Creed 1, 2, 3*. Phrases: n̈ s t xwdq r ‘not only’
~ lw bl wd ‘id.’ E25/1r19; s t ywp tq⌥ ‘wholly, altogether’ ~ kl ‘id.’ Jn9.34 E5/101v; s t
wyspw dy ‘everyone’ ~ ⇡m⌫ sgy⌫⌫ ‘many people’ E26/25v4.
—Forms: s⌫t passim; ns⌫t E27/55r25; obl. s⌫ty E26/3r10; S s⌫t Ps; Creed 1, 2, 3*; 12600Ir5*,
v10, IIv8.
̈ ̈
sb⌫: see mmll⌫ dsb⌫.
S s⌘r⌫cy, s⌘ryn/s⌘ryt, s⌘rywn: see sfr⌫cy, sfryn/sfryt, sfrywn.
sdwm GN ‘Sodom’: sdwm Mt10.15 E5/75r; obl. sdwmy E27/57v17.
†sdxwr[s]n E27/108r5 (~ *b⇡ pa el ‘to immerse, drown’).—The fragment is lost; Hansen’s read-
ing can hardly be correct but there is no obvious emendation.
sfr cq noun ‘speech, word’ E24c3.62; E29/6r19.
sfr cy, S s⌦r cy m. ‘speech, utterance, word, conversation’ ~ m⌫mr⌫ ‘speech’ Ps19.3; ~ mlt⌫, pl.
m̈l⌫ ‘word’ Ps19.5*; E26/29v2; E27/26v5. Phrase sfr cy ... *wn-/qt- ‘to speak’ ~ mll pa el
‘id.’ E27/12r9.
—Forms: sfr⌫cy E26/1v7, 7r6*, 29v2; E27/12r9, 26v5; pl. sfr⌫cyt E26/8v4; S s⌘r⌫cy Ps19.3,
5*.
sfryn / sfryt, S s⌦ryn / s⌦ryt vb. ‘to create’ ~ bry⌫ p al ‘id.’ E26/25r21; ~ ⇡bd p al ‘to make’
E27/5r30; ≈ br̈yt⌫ ‘creatures, creations’ Ps19.1*. Passive sfryty b-/qt-, S s⌘ryty *⌘-/kt-, ⌫krt- ~
bry etp el ‘to be created’ Creed 4; E27/40r21, 69v19; ~ ⇡bd etp el ‘to be made’ Creed 3; ~
ἐκτίσθησαν ‘were created’ Ps33.9; ≈ bry p al E26/30r10*. Pp. sfryty as m. noun ‘creation,
creature’ ~ bryt⌫ ‘id.’ E25/1r10; ~ ⇡bd p al pass. pt. ‘handiwork’ E28/5r28*. Pres. pt. sfrynny
(etc.) as m. noun ‘Creator’ ~ brwy⌫ ‘id.’ E26/25v18, 31r24; E27/40r18; ~ ⇡bwd⌫ ‘maker’ Creed
1; E24c3.13; E27/57v2, 66v3.
—Forms: 3 sg. impf. syfryn E26/3r15, 17; E27/5r30; 2 sg. tr. pret. sfryd⌫ry E26/25r21*; S 3
sg. tr. pret. s⌘ry⌫rt Ps19.1*. Pres. pt. sfrynny, sfr̈yn , S s⌦ryny as m. noun ‘Creator’: sfr̈yn⌫
E26/25v18; sfr-ynn✏ E27/66v3; sfrynny E24c3.13; E26/31r24; E28/85r29*; E36/3v7 (MS
sfryn(y!); acc. sg. sfrynnw E27/57v2; abl. sg. sfrynn⌫ E27/40r18; S s⌘ryny Creed 1. Pp.
sfryty, S s⌦ryty ‘created; creation, creature’: sfryt✏ E27/40r21; sfryty E26/1r5, 30r10*;
E36/3v7; pl. sfr✏t✏t E27/69v19; sfrytyt E25/1r10; E28/5r28*; S s⌘ryty Creed 3, 4; pl. s⌘rytyt
Ps33.9.
sfryn mnty m. ‘creation’ ~ hwy⌫ ‘existence, coming into existence’ E27/40r20.
sfrywn, S s⌦rywn noun ‘creation, creature’ ~ bryt⌫ ‘id.’ Col1.15 E32/2v; Creed 2; E26; E27; ~
brwywt⌫ ‘creativity’ E26/29v3*.
—Forms: sfrywn E26/23v9*, 29v3*; E27; obl. sfrywny E26/31r23; E27/57v19; pl. sfrywn+
E24c3.13; obl. pl. sfrywndy Col1.15 E32/2v; sfrywnty E26/31r10, 11; S obl. pl. s⌘rywnty
Creed 2.
sfsqnt noun ‘earthenware’ ~ )p⌫ ‘id.’ (cf. Dan2.33): E29/4r14, 17.
sg pn or sg pny noun ‘sagapenum’: obl.(?) sg⌫pny E39.2*.
sgs⇠ n GN ‘Sistan’ E24c3.31.
s t-, s d- f. ‘day (of the month)’: acc. sg. s t⌫ E27/69r23; loc. sg. s dy⌫ E27/68v11; s ty⌫
E43B5*; abl. sg. s ty⌫ E27/55r17.
s tm n, sw tm n adj. ‘all’ ~ kl ‘id.’ Lk13.3 E5/34r; 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*, Gal3.26, 28 E6/3r;
E24c2.9, c3.13; E26/31v10, 13; E27/60v1; E28/10v11.
—Forms: s tm⌫n Lk13.3 E5/34r; 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*, Gal3.26, 28 E6/3r; E8r3; E22.8;
E23.172; E24; E26; E28/10v11, 17r19; sw tm⌫n E27/12v10, 19, 60v1.
s tm nc n adj. ‘for everyone’ E28/14v11 (≈ gwn⌫yt ‘commonly’).
s tm ny f. ‘unity’ E31r20*.—Cf. yw-s tm⌫ny⌫.
s y (unknown word) E26/2v29*.
sḧd (Syr.) ‘martyrs’ (anthems)’ E9/1v10; E15A9.
sq adj. and adv. (i) ‘high’ ~ rm⌫ ‘id.’ Mt17.1 E5/127v; E23.209; E26/3r12 (–), 24r17 (sq⌫ ⌫⌫r+t
‘high places’ ~ r̈mt⌫ ‘heights’); (ii) ‘loud’ E29/6r13; (iii) adv. ‘above, on high’ E20v10.
sq m nqy f. ‘arrogance’ ~ rmwt⌫ ‘id.’: sq⌫m⌫nqy⌫ E27/48r15, 61v16*; obl. sq⌫m⌫nqy⌫- E27/54r21
(–).
*sq m nqy -mync adj. ‘of pride’ ~ d-rmwt⌫ ‘id.’: [sq⌫m]⌫(n)qy⌫-mync E26/32v2f; [sq⌫m⌫nqy⌫]-
mync E26/32v6f.
sq r noun ‘ember, coal’ ~ gmwrt⌫, pl. gwmr̈⌫ ‘id.’: pl. sq⌫rt E27/102v19.
sq tr, sq ttr compar. adv. and predic. adj. ‘higher, above, further, more, any more’ ~ ytyr ‘more’
Jn3.19 E5/23r*; E27/31v27, 29; ~ twb ‘again, further, any more’ E23.63, 163, A9 (ed. ]•q⌫tr,
read ](s)q⌫tr, cf. Henning apud Gershevitch 1946, 184, and Benveniste 1947, 107 n. 2); E27/
87v16; ~ l⇡l ‘above’ E27/13r29. Phrase tym sq tr ‘still more’ E26/8v6; E30/3r3*.
—Forms: sq⌫tr Jn3.19 E5/23r*; E23.63, 163, A9*; E26; E27; E30/3r3*; sq⌫ttr E35B8*.
sq tryqstr (i) compar. adj. ‘superior’ ~ ytyr⌫ ‘id.’ E28/1r14; (ii) compar. adv. ‘more, rather’
Mt10.28 E5/76r* (~ ytyr⌫yt ‘id.’); E26/16r6*.
*sq wy m. ‘height’ ~ rwm⌫ ‘id.’: (s)[q⌫wy] E28/8v3.
sqrb adv. ‘harshly’ E28/23v15, 91A2*.
S *skrtky f. ‘victory’ ~ zkwt⌫ ‘id.’: sk(r)[tky⌫] Ps33.0.
skrywt yq adj. ‘Iscariot’ ~ skryw*⌫ ‘id.’ Lk6.16 E5/91v.
sqsy, S sksy m. ‘grave, tomb’ ~ qbr⌫ ‘id.’: sqsy E26/32v17*; pl. sqs-yt E27/94v5; S sksy Ps5.10*.
sqt- f. ‘tares, thorns’: acc. sg. sqt⌫ E27/54r26 (~ zyzn̈⌫ ‘id.’, Mt13.25).
sqw-, S skw-: see swq-.
sqw mnty m. ‘dwelling’ ~ ⌫wn⌫ ‘id.’ E26/27r12.
sqwn: see b-, 1myn, rxn-, swc.
sqwny: see *m⌫sy-sqwny.
sqy adj. and adv. ‘above, (situated) above’ ≈ ⇡ly⌫ ‘highest’ E26/23v24. Phrases: cn sqy qyr n
‘from the upper direction’ ~ mn l⇡l ‘from above’ E27/22v12*, 23r3*; [sq]( sm n) ‘heaven
above’ ~ mrẅm⌫ ‘the heights’ Lk2.14 E3r. Also as postp. in phrase pr ... sqy ‘upon’ ~ ⇡l ‘id.’
E23.110 (see BT XLV, 64).
—Forms: [sq](✏) Lk2.14 E3r; sq-y E27/23r3; sqy E23.110; E26/2r11, 23v20, 24; E27/22v12.
sqyp r adv. and predic. adj. ‘higher, above’ E26/3v5; usually (also as postp.) with prep. cn
‘higher, above’ ~ rm + mn ‘higher than’ E27/61r25; ~ ⇡ly pa el pass. pt. (m⇡ly) + mn ‘higher
than, superior to’ E27/31v22; ~ l⇡l mn ‘above’ E23.113f, 171; E27/31v26, 57r19; E28/14v10;
~ ⇡l ‘over’ E27/13r30.
—Forms: sq✏p⌫r E36/3v8; sq-yp⌫r E27/13r30; sq p⌫r E28/14v28, 112A1*; sqyp⌫r E23.114,
122, 171; E26/3v5, 14r22*, 30r13*; E27; E28/14v10.
sqys r, sqys , sqys r, * sq s r adv. ‘upwards, up, above’ ~ l-mrwm⌫ ‘to the heights’ E36/2v6 (cf.
Eph4.8); ≈ ⇡ly⌫ ‘highest’ E26/31r15; ~ tr) p al pass. pt. ‘erect’ E26/6A2*(?).
—Forms: ⌫sq⌫-[s]⌫r E30/2v20f; ⌫sqys⌫r E30/4v6*; sq✏s⌫ E28/106v3; sqys⌫ E28/16v19 (x2);
sq✏s⌫r E36/2v6; sqys⌫r E26/6A2*, 28r4*, 31r15.
sl q GN ‘Seleucia’ E27/68v14.
sm n, sm ny, S sm n noun ‘sky, heaven’ ~ (my⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps19.2, 7; Creed 5*, 9; ~ "my (my⌫
‘heaven of heavens’ E26/23v24; ~ rwm⌫ ‘the heights’ Lk1.78 E5/6v; Hymn 6; E26/31r15;
E27; ≈ mr̈wm⌫ ⇡lÿ⌫ ‘the heights above’ E26/23v16; ~ l⇡l ‘above’ E27/11v20. Phrases: [bry⌫ty]t
pr sm n ‘[angel]s in heaven’ ~ ⇡lÿ⌫ ‘exalted beings’ E26/24r1; [sq]( sm n) ‘heaven above’ ~
mrẅm⌫ ‘the heights’ Lk2.14 E3r.
—Forms: sm⌫n Lk2.14 E3r*; Mt10.32, 33 E5/76r, Lk1.78 E5/6v; E24c2.16; E25/3A4*; E26;
E27/11v20, 27; E28; E29/4r22; E30/2v3; E33A9; sm⌫n Jn1.32 E5/19v; E28/7v6; sm⌫ny
Lk2.15 E3r*, Jn3.27 E5/23v*; E26/23v10*, 24, 31r15; E27; E28/2av6, 17r2*, 110A5*; obl.
pl. [s]m⌫nty E28/126A30*; S sm⌫n Ps19.2, 7; Hymn 6; obl.(?) sm⌫n⌫y Creed 5*. Combined:
sm⌫ns⌫r E28/62v8*; S sm⌫ns⌫r Creed 9.
sm ncyq adj. ‘heavenly, of heaven’ ~ (myn⌫ ‘id.’ E24c2.24; E26/24r14; E27/31v32, 57r6, 22; ~
d-(my⌫ ‘of heaven’ Mt13.24 E5/109v* (rest.!); E26/27r11, 18*(?); E27/48r9; E28/7v11;
E33A3* (cf. Lk2.13); ~ d-b-(my⌫ ‘in heaven’ E26/27v4*; ~ mn (my⌫ ‘from heaven’ E23.117;
~ ⇡ly⌫ ‘exalted, above’ E27/66r8* (rest.!); ~ d-r̈wm⌫ ⇡lÿ⌫ ‘of the heights above’ E26/30r13.
Phrase sm ncyq b - ‘heavenly God’ ~ ⇡ly⌫ ‘the Exalted One’ Lk1.76 E5/6v; ~ rwm pa el
pass. pt. ‘id.’ E18r9.
—Forms: sm⌫ncyq Mt13.24 E5/109v*, Lk1.76 E5/6v; E18r9; E23.117; E24c2.24; E26; E27;
E28; E29/1v5, 2r10*, 5r5; E34v11*; pl. sm⌫ncyqt E28/13A10; E34v11*; obl. pl. sm⌫ncyqty
E26/24r14.
sm⌫ns⌫r, S sm⌫ns⌫r = sm⌫n + s⌫r.
smbtsr, smptsr m. ‘astrologer’ ~ kldy⌫ ‘Chaldaean, magician’ (cf. Dan2.4): pl. smbtsrt E29/3v4;
smptsrt E29/3v20.
smt n adj. ‘ordinary’ ~ ( ym⌫ ‘id.’ E28/14r10.
smwtr-: see swmtr-.
smynt adj. ‘blind’ ~ smy⌫ ‘id.’: smỵ̇nt Jn9.13 E5/100r; smynt Jn9.18, 19 E5/100v*, Jn9.25 E5/
101r*, Jn9.32 E5/101v (–); obl. smynty Jn9.32 E5/101v. Possibly also in the phrase (s)[mynt
*wn-/qt-] ‘to make blind’ E28/109v29 (~ smy pa el ‘to blind’, cf. 1 Jn2.11), but otherwise
attested only in E5.
sn- / st-, S sn- / st- vb. ‘to rise, arise, ascend, go up, come up’ ~ slq p al ‘id.’ Mt20.18 E5/34v,
Lk24.38 E5/83r*; Ps24.3*; Creed 9; E23.113, 171; E27; E28/13a13 (?—see BT XLII, 225);
E36/2v6 (cf. Eph4.8), 3v10 (cf. Lk19.4); ~ ⇡ly etpa al ‘to ascend’ E27; ~ (rgrg refl. ‘to long
for’ E28/14r11.—Cf. n⌫ṩt.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. snty E27/31v25; E28/16v2; 3 pl. pres. snnt E28/24A17; 1 pl. pres. dur.
snymsqn E28/14r11; 3 pl. pres. dur. snntqn Lk24.38 E5/83r*; 2 sg. fut. sn✏q⌫ E27/64r29; 1 pl.
fut. sn mq⌫ Mt20.18 E5/34v; 3 pl. #z-impf. sn⌫znt E27/39r8, 77r10; 3 sg. impf. sn⌫ E27/
23r12*, 57r23, 60v24; 3 sg. fut. impf. sn⌫g$⌫n E36/2v9; 2 sg. impv. sn⌫ E27/64r28*; 3 sg. subj.
sn⌫t E28/13A12, 13; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. stty E26/3v9*; E36/2v6, 3v10; sty E20v10; E23.113,
171; E27/57r10; pp.(?) sty E23.121; S 3 sg. fut. sntk⌫n Ps24.3*; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. sty Creed 9.
*sn qty m. ‘swimmer, diver’(?): [s]n⌫qty E28/26A12; pl. sn⌫(qt)[yt] E28/25A1.
sn m m. ‘baptism’ ~ m⇡mwdyt⌫ ‘id.’ Rom6.4 E32/1r; E23.62*; E26/27r9, 25; ~ ⇡md⌫ ‘id.’ E26/
30v32; E27/56v31, 57r8. Phrases: sn m *pc z/pc ⌫t- ‘to receive baptism’ ~ ⇡md p al ‘to be
baptized’ 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*, Gal3.27 E6/3r; Rom6.3 E32/1r; E26/27r8, 36, v4; E27/57r1;
sn my tys ‘to enter baptism’ ~ ⇡md p al E26/27v9; sn m ⇠br- ‘to give baptism’ ~ ⇡md ap el ‘to
baptize’ E5; E23.69; E24c3.11; E27/57r2; ~ ⇡bd p al + twlmd⌫ ‘to perform conversions’ E28/
9v29.—Cf. dst✏-sn⌫m.
—Forms: sn⌫m E5; 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*, Gal3.27 E6/3r*; Rom6.3, 4 E32/1r; E23.62*, 69;
E24c3.11, 40; E26; E27; E28/9v29, 10v29; E29/2r8; obl. sn⌫m Tit3.5 E6/5r*; sn⌫my E26/
27v9.
sn m-byrty adj. ‘having received baptism’: pl. sn⌫m-byrtyt E26/27r9.
sn mcyq adj. ‘baptismal’ ~ d-m⇡mwdyt⌫ ‘of baptism’ E26/27v18.
sn mnty m. ‘rising; Ascension’: sn⌫mnt✏ E27/57r4 (~ msqt⌫ ‘rising’); sn⌫mnty E27/57r4* (~ id.);
E30/2r7*; abl. sg. sn⌫mnt⌫ E27/55r27 (~ swlq⌫ ‘Ascension’).
sn m-⇠bryny m. ‘baptist’, as title of John the Baptist: [sn⌫m-+]br✏ny Jn5.33 E5/41v; sn⌫m-
+bryny Mt21.32 E5/38r; E36/2r9.
sn y, syny / sn t, S sn y vb. ‘to wash, cleanse; swim, dive’ ~ (wg ap el ‘id.’ Jn9.11 (x2), 15 E5/
100r; Ps51.4; E27/57r14, 15; ≈ mtt(ygnwt⌫ ‘ablution’ E27/57r16; ~ )b⇡ pa el ‘to make wet’
E36/1v12 (cf. Lk7.38).
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. sn⌫ynt E27/57r15; 3 sg. impf. syn⌫ E36/1v12; 3 pl. opt. sn⌫✏nt E27/
57r14; 2 sg. impv. sn⌫ẏ Jn9.11 E5/100r; pres. inf. pr sn⌫y E28/25A3; pr syn-y E27/57r16; 1 sg.
tr. pret. sn⌫d⌫rm Jn9.11, 15 E5/100r; S 2 sg. impv. sn⌫y Ps51.4.
sn y mnty m. ‘washing’ ~ s t⌫ ‘bath’ Tit3.5 E6/5r.
sng, snq, S snk m. (i) ‘stone, rock’ ~ k⌫p⌫ ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v; E24c1.78; E27/57r20; E28/14r4;
~ (w⇡⌫ ‘rock’ E26/31r26; (ii) as PN ‘Kephas, Peter’ ~ k⌫p⌫ ‘id.’ Mt17.1 E5/127v, Lk6.14 E5/
91v, Jn21.7 E5/80v; E27/54v16; E36/3r9; 20227v7 (–).
—Forms: ṩng Mt21.42 E5/38v; sng E5; E24c1.78; E26/12r17, v11, 12*; E29/6r5, v1, 6, 20;
E36/3r9; snq E27/54v16; E28/14r4; obl. snqy E27/57r20; pl. sngt E26/31r26; pl. sngty E28/
19v13; S snk 20227v7.
sngs r, snqs r adv., only in phrases sngs r wn-/qt- ‘to stone’ ~ rgm p al ‘id.’ Mt21.35 E5/38v*
(rest.!); E28/23r3 (cf. Numbers 14.10); snqs r b- ‘to be stoned’ E28/23v1f.
—Forms: sngs⌫r Mt21.35 E5/38v* (rest.!); sng-s⌫r E28/23r3; snqs⌫r E28/23v1.
snqyr⌫n: see xwrsnqyr⌫n.
sp- m. ‘horse’ ~ rk(⌫ ‘id.’: acc. pl. sp E27/60v28, 30.—Cf. sp-y-swd⌫mnty.
sp d noun ‘army’ ~ yl⌫, pl. ÿlwt⌫ ‘forces, army’: sp⌫d E24c1.24; E26/2r20 (–); E27/13v30,
87r6*; obl. sp⌫dy E28/44r2 (–).
sp dpt m. ‘general’ ~ ⌫s*r*l*ys ‘id.’ E27/87v2.
̈
sp dy n m. ‘soldier’, only pl. sp⌫dy⌫nt ‘soldiers’ ~ ÿlwt⌫, ḥyl⌫ ‘forces, host, army’ Lk2.13 E3r*
(rest.!); E26/31r15, 19 (–); E27/40v15; E28/5v19; obl. pl. [sp⌫d]y⌫nty E28/118B7 (–).
sp s noun ‘service, office’ ~ t(m(t⌫ ‘id.’ Lk10.40 E5/91r, Lk12.42 E5/130v; E27/31v19, 27,
55v29; E28/3r27; ~ pwl n⌫ ‘service’ E27/31v18, 19; E28/2av15, 12v22, 14v5. Phrases: sp s
d r ‘to perform service’ E26/12v13; E28/27v20* (~ pl p al ‘to serve’); sp sy d r mnty

‘performance of service’ ~ t(m(t⌫ E27/55v23.
—Forms: sp⌫s Lk10.40 E5/91r, Lk12.42 E5/130v; E24c3.57; E26/12v13*; E27; E28; obl.
sp⌫sy E27/31v18, 19, 55v23; E28.
sp⌫sqy⌫: see *ptqry-sp⌫sqy⌫.
sp sy m. ‘servant’ ~ m(m(n⌫ ‘id.’: pl. sp⌫syt E23.87; E26/27r16.—Cf. ptqry-sp⌫sy.
sp⌫x(-: see sp(-.
spc rspny⌫ Lk16.3 E5/48r: mistake for spnc rspny⌫.
spn-, spyn- m. ‘iron tip; iron fetter’ ~ przl⌫ ‘iron’ E28/14r4; ~ ((lt⌫ ‘fetter’ E27/68r18, 69r22.
—Forms: abl. sg. spn⌫ E26/16v17; E28/14r4; acc. pl. spynt⌫ E27/68r18, 69r22.
spncqn noun ‘inn-keeper, host’ E28/17r3.
spnc⌥rspn, sp⌥nc rspn m. ‘steward’ ~ rbyt⌫ ‘id.’: spnc rspn Lk12.42 E5/130v, Lk16.2, 3 E5/
48r; obl. spnc rspn Lk16.8 E5/48r; pl. sp nc⌫rspnt Gal4.2 E6/3v.
spnc⌥rspny f. ‘stewardship’ ~ rbt bytwt⌫ ‘id.’ Lk16.3 (MS spc-!), 4 E5/48r.
sp⇢ny m. ‘filth’: obl. pl. sp-n✏ty E27/48v13.
spnyq noun ‘iron’ E29/4r17.
spnyqry m. ‘smith’ ~ qrd ⌫ ‘id.’: [s]pn qr✏ E27/22r9; acc. sg. spnyqrw E27/22r13*.
spnync noun ‘iron’ E29/4r13.
spr q-, spr - adj. ‘clever’: nom. sg. m. spr qy E29/3v20 (as pl.); spr y E26/1v4.
sprtry: see dsprtry.
sp⌫-, spy⌫-, ⌫p⌫-, *⌫p ⌫-, spx⌫-, sp x⌫- / spx⌫t- vb. ‘to serve, worship, celebrate (a divine office),
perform (a Psalm or reading)’ ~ (m( pa el ‘id.’ Mt25.44 E5/126v, Lk10.40 E5/91v; Rom6.6
E32/1v; E27/57r3; ~ pl p al ‘id.’ Lk1.74 E5/6v, Lk16.13 E5/48v (x2); E28/10v30; ~ (pr p al
‘to please’ Col1.10 E32/2v; ~ (⇡bd quad.refl. = ⇡bd e⇥tap al ‘to submit oneself to’ E26/25r17*
(rest.!); ~ (mly quad. = mly ⇥ap el ‘to accomplish (one’s service)’ E28/3v6*(?); ≈ t(m(t⌫
‘service’ E26/25r4. Phrase spy⌫- + m ‘to celebrate a festival’ ~ ⇡bd p al + dwkrn⌫ ‘to make a
commemoration’ E27/55r26.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. spx(n+ E13v7*; 1 pl. pres. dur. sp(ym(s)[q] E28/104A5; 3 sg. fut.
spx(tyq⌫n E26/25r4; 1 sg. #z-impf. [(p(⌫]|zw E28/10v29f; 3 pl. #z-impf. spx(⌫znt E29/4v11; 1
pl. opt. sp⌫x(ym Lk1.74 E5/6v; sp(ym Rom6.6 E32/1v; 3 pl. opt. spy(✏nt E27/55r26; 1 sg.
subj. (p(⌫n E28/10v30; 2 pl. inj. spx(t⌫ Col1.10 E32/2v; 3 pl. inj. sp(n+ E24c3.57; pres. inf. pr
spx(w Lk10.40 E5/91v; pr spx( Lk16.13 E5/48v (x2); pr spy(w E27/57r3; 3 sg. tr. pret.
spx(d⌫rt E26/25r17*; E28/3v6*(?); 1 pl. tr. pret. spx(d⌫r m Mt25.44 E5/126v; dur. pt. sp(yq
E24c3.59 (sp(yqwm⌫+n+). Unclear form: spx(t E28/76v29.—The restoration of (p✏[(-] in
E27/14r9 (–) is uncertain, see BT XII, 57.
sp(yqwm⌫+n+ = sp(yq + wm⌫+n+ (see x-).
1
spty, spt-, S spty adj. ‘complete, perfect’ ~ (mly quad. = mly ⇥ap el pass. pt. ‘id.’ Jn16.24 E5/
79r; ~ gmr p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E27/102r17*. Phrases: spty b-/qt-, S spty *⌦-/*kt- ‘to become
complete’ ~ (lm etpa al ‘to be completed, be fulfilled’ Lk24.44 E5/83v*; ~ (lm p al ‘id.’
Hymn 5*; E27/94r26f; ~ (mly quad.refl. = mly e⇥tap al ‘id.’ E27/40v12, 91r4; E28/2ar4*
(rest.!); ~ gmr etp el ‘id.’ E28/7v9*; spty wn-/qt- ‘to make complete’ ~ (lm pa el ‘to com-
plete, fulfil’ E23.73; E28/7v7; ~ (mly quad. = mly ⇥ap el ‘id.’ E27/12r4, 5*, 31v7; E28/
2av10; ~ mly pa el ‘to fulfil’ E27/57r22, 108r12*; ~ ⇡bd p al ‘to perform’ E27/12v14*; ~ s⇡r
p al ‘id.’ E27/69v26.
—Forms: spt✏ Lk24.44 E5/83v, Jn16.24 E5/79r; E27/40v12, 94r26; spty E23.73; E26; E27/
12r4, 5*, v14; E28/7v9; E29/1v3; E35A1*; acc. sg. m./n. sptw E27/53v2; E28/7v7, 16v26*
(as adv. ‘completely’), 111v29 (id.); acc. sg. f. spc⌫ E27/31v7, 69v26, 102r17*, 108r12*; pl.
spt✏t E27/91r4; E28/2ar4*, 90B28*; sptyt E27/57r22; E28/2av10; E31r18, 21*; S spt[y]
Hymn 5.
2
spty: see sp✏t✏.
spty q f. ‘completeness, completion, fulfilment, perfection’: spty⌫q E27/31v14 (pr spty⌫q ‘fully,
completely’ ~ mly⌫yt ‘id.’); E28/3r16* (~ mwly⌫ ‘fulfilment, completion’), 20v16, 22A5,
25B12*; obl. spty⌫q E28/8v3 (~ gmyrwt⌫ ‘id.’).
spwny q, swpny q f. ‘completion, fulfilment’: spwny⌫q Gal4.4 E6/3v (~ (wlm⌫ ‘end, comple-
tion’); swpny⌫q E28/18v22, 24A15; obl. spwny⌫qy E27/40r22 (~ (wmly⌫ ‘accomplishment’).
spx(-/spx(t-: see sp(-.
spyn-: see spn-.
sp nc⌫rspn: see spnc rspn.
(sp)y(rt) (unknown word) E28/77v29.
sp⇢y-swd mnty m. ‘horse-racing’ ~ rh*⌫ d-r̈k(⌫ ‘id.’: acc. sg. sp-y-swd⌫mntw E27/31r21.
spy(-: see sp(-.
sp t , 2spty adj. ‘white, bright’ ~ wr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57r6; ~ nhyr⌫ ‘bright’ E27/57r8. With *b-/qt- ‘to
become white’ ~ wr p al ‘id.’ Mt17.2 E5/127v.
—Forms: sp✏t✏ Mt17.2 E5/127v; acc. sg. m. spt↵ E27/57r8; pl. sptyt E27/57r6.
1
sr-, S sr- m. ‘head; top, chief’ ~ r(y)(⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.30 E5/76r, Mt21.42 E5/38v; Ps23.5, 24.9;
E24c3.17, 23; E27; E28/7r18. Pl. used as a numerator ‘persons’: Lk13.4 E5/34r (–).
—Forms: nom. sg. sr Mt21.42 E5/38v; sry E24c3.61(?); E27/39r1, 51r24, v13; nom. as acc.
sg. sry E24c3.17, 23; E26/8r4, 12v35, 25r16*; E29/2r1, 4v5, 6v11; E30/2r11; acc. sg. srw
E26/1v3; E27; gen. sg. sr✏ Mt10.30 E5/76r; loc. sg. sry⌫ E28/69B7; abl. sg. sr⌫ E28/7r18; pl.
sr✏t Lk13.4 E5/34r; S nom.(?) sg. sry 20223r4; nom. as acc. sg. sry Ps23.5, 24.9.
2
sr- m. ‘horn’ ~ qrn⌫ ‘id.’: nom. sg. sry E26/6A2; nom. as acc. sg. sr Lk1.69 E5/6r.
*sr p (Syr.) ‘seraph’: pl. sr⌫pyt E26/31r14 (MS wsr⌫pyt, with Syr. w- ‘and’!).
sr w, S sr w vb. ‘to sing’ ~ zmr pa el ‘id.’ Ps33.0*, 2; E27/60v22; ~ ᾄσατε ‘sing’ Ps33.3; ~ zmr
p al ‘to sing’ E26/24r15*.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. sr⌫wnt E27/60v22, 23; 3 pl. pres. dur. sr⌫wntq E26/24r15*; 3 pl. #z-impf.
sr⌫w⌫znt E27/60v23; S 2 pl. impv. sr⌫w⌫ Ps33.0*; sr⌫wt⌫ Ps33.2, 3.
sr wty f. ‘song, psalm’: sr⌫wty⌫ E29/2v6; obl. pl. sr⌫wtyty E27/102r30 (~ zmyrt⌫ ‘id.’).
srcq adj. ‘naked’ ~ ⇡r*ly⌫ ‘id.’ Mt25.38 E5/126r*.—Thus Müller 1913, 23, 25, who read s(r)cq,
with no indication of uncertainty except for the second letter. The MS is lost and the surviving
photo is hardly of a quality to justify the correction to (xw)[y]cq (thus Sundermann 1975, 74,
followed by myself in the first edition of this dictionary and by Barbati 2016, 203).
srcyq adj. (i) ‘belonging to the head’ ~ d-r(⌫ ‘of the head’ E27/91r6; E36/1v14; (ii) ‘initial’ E26/
3v16; (iii) ‘outstanding, excellent’ ~ (b p al pass. pt. ‘glorious, beautiful’ E28/27v29*.
srd noun ‘year’ ~ (nt⌫, pl. (n̈y⌫ ‘id.’ Jn9.21 E5/100v, Jn9.23 E5/101r*; E23.196, A22; E24c1.18,
81; E26/5v16, 27, 27v22; E27/1r10*, 68v13, 94r13. Cf. *(y-srdy.
—Forms: srd E23.196, A22; E24; E26; E27/1r10*, 94r13; obl. srdy E26/23r5; E27/68v13;
E41.9; pl. srdt Jn9.21 E5/100v, Jn9.23 E5/101r*; E28/13A7; srd✏t E28/13A3; srdyt E26/
3v10*.
S sr⌫nk: see sr+ng.
†(srd⌫r) E36/1r1: read s(⌫r).

srgc GN ‘Sarakhs’ E24c3.30.
srgys, S srkys m. PN ‘Sergius’: srgys E24c2.6; S srkys DTS F1; 20211B10 (Reck 2018, 105);
U6109r4 (Reck 2018, 54).—Cf. S *mrysrkys.
srpywn m. PN ‘Serapion’ E25; E26.
srt adj. ‘cold’ E26/5r26 (≈ Bab. ‘ice’); E38A8.
sr⇠ng, S sr↵ nk m. ‘leader, captain, chief man’: sr+ng Jn14.30 E2/1r* (⌫rkwn⌫ ‘id.’); E26/5v6; pl.
sr+ngt E26/30r13 (~ ⌫r̈kws ‘principalities’, an order of angels); E27/12v8 (~ ydÿ⇡⌫ ‘notables,
chief men’); obl. pl. sr+ngty E27/13r18 (~ rwr̈bn⌫ ‘nobles, chief men’); S obl. pl. sr⌫nkty
Ps33.10* (~ ἀρχόντων ‘of the rulers’).
sry qyc, sry qync m. ‘chief, leader, chief man’ ~ ⌫rkwn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/40r10* (rest.!); ~ r(⌫ ‘head,
chief’ E27/68v25, 111v6*.
—Forms: sry⌫qyc E27/40r10*, 68v25; sry⌫qync E26/15v29; pl. sry⌫qy(t E27/111v6*; obl. pl.
sry⌫qy(ty E28/68r[m]*.
sr✏t: see 1sr-, (wn-sry.
st⌫: see x-.
st⌫ny: see ptqryst⌫ny.
st nyq m. ‘messenger’ ~ byldr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/77v12*.
st ry m. ‘star’: [st]⌫ry E26/28v23 (~ kwkb⌫ ‘id.’); ](s)try E20v7 (mistake for st⌫ry?); obl. pl. st⌫ryty
E20v5.
stq-, S stk- m. ‘bone’ ~ grm⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.39 E5/83r*; Ps6.3; E27/69r26.
—Forms: nom. sg. stq Lk24.39 E5/83r*; stqy E26/14r1*, 3*; acc. pl. stqt⌫ E27/69r26; S acc.
pl. ⌫stkt⌫ Ps6.3.
stm adj. ‘coarse; great’ E40r5; E42B5.
str, S str: see frystr, rb⌫q-str, S nmry-str, sq⌫tryqstr.
str- vb. ‘to wipe away’: 2 sg. impv. str⌫ E19r4, v2*, 4*, 6*.
stry E20v7: mistake for st⌫ry, q.v.?
str c f. ‘female, woman’ E27/14r19.
strzq adj. ‘contentious’ (~ qryy⌫ ‘id.’) or ‘bold’ (~ mr ⌫ ‘id.’) E27/68v32.
stty: see sn-.
stw num. ‘hundred’ ~ m⌫⌫ ‘id.’ Lk16.6, 7 E5/48r; E27/54r28 (cf. Mt13.23), 64v27; E28/3r17;
E31v16 (–).
*stwn noun ‘pillar’ ~ ⇡mwd⌫ ‘id.’: st(w)[n] E23.110 (see BT XLV, 64).
*stw-pnc s num. ‘one hundred and fifty’ ~ m⌫⌫ w-(b⇡yn ‘one hundred and seventy’(!) E27/13r27
(MS stw-pn⌫c⌫s!).
stwr noun ‘sheep’ ~ ⇡rb⌫ ‘id.’ Mt25.32, 33* E5/125v.—Cf. psw-stwr.
—Forms: obl. stwry E27/11v18; pl. stwrt Mt25.32, 33* E5/125v; [obl. pl. stwrty E27/12r4,
mistake for ⌫swrty].
sty: see sn-, x-.
sty w m. ‘being, existence’ ~ qnwm⌫ ‘id.’ Jn5.26 E5/41r*.
s+ysq: see x-.
st(•n) f. ‘rust’(?) E26/2r10.
swb (Syr.) ‘compline’ E9/1v11, 2r5.
swbt-: see *swmb.
swc / sw t- vb. ‘to burn, burn up’ (tr.) ~ yqd ap el ‘id.’ E26/31r18; E27/102v18, 104r16; ~ bl
pa el ‘to destroy’ E27/25r21f.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. dur. swct-sqwn E27/25r21f; 3 pl. opt. mid. swcytynt E26/31r18; 3 pl. tr.
pret. sw d⌫rnt E27/104r16. Pres. pt. swcny ‘burning, ardent’: pl. swcn✏t E27/102v18.
swcnty adj. ‘burning’ in phrase swcnty tr ‘burning fire’ ~ ⇡wmq⌫ d-yqdn⌫ ‘abyss of fire’ (i.e.
hell) E23.64.
swcy: see *⌫tr-swcy.
swd, S sw↵ / sw↵t vb. ‘to run, hurry’ ~ rh* p al ‘id.’ Ps34.15, 50.18*; E23.233, 278; E24c2.4;
E27. Absol. swdqy ‘hurrying’ ~ br (⇡th ‘instantly’ E28/10v26. Phrase swdq ⌫qr- ‘to lead in a
hurry’ ~ rh* ap el ‘to cause to hurry, drive on’ E27/68r19.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. swdt E31v12; 3 pl. pres. swdnt E27/55v28*; E28/24A20; 3 pl. fut.
swdntq⌫ E27/94r20; 3 sg. impf. swd E27/86r1*, 105r5; 3 pl. impf. swdnt E27/94r25; 1 pl. opt.
swdym E27/61r18; 3 sg. subj. swdt E27/61v30; pres. inf. pr swd E28/12v27; 3 sg. tr. pret.
swd⌫rt E23; swd⌫t E24c2.4 (misprinted swdat); absol. swdqy E28/10v26; swdq E27/68r19; S 2
sg. impv. sw Ps34.15; 2 sg. tr. pret. [s](w)t⌫ry Ps50.18.
swd mnty m. ‘haste, hastening, running, racing’: swd⌫mnt✏ E27/61v17; acc. sg. swd⌫mntw E27/
31r23 (~ rh*⌫ ‘id.’); abl. sg. swd⌫mnt⌫ E28/16r2.—Cf. sp-y-swd⌫mnty.
swdn adj. or adv. ‘hurrying, in haste’ in phrase ⇡ rt swdn *xyr/xrt ‘to go quickly hurrying’ ~
rh* p al ‘to hurry’ E26/24v29.
swgb r, swqb r, swgwb r, S swk⌦ r m. (i) ‘mourner’ E28/23-32 (as nickname of Serapion, pre-
sumably ~ ⌫byl⌫ ‘mourner; monk’, see BT XXXV, 149); (ii) ‘monk’ ~ y ydy⌫ ‘solitary, monk’
E27/40v19, 60r27; E28; ~ wd pa el pass. pt. ‘united (one)’ (i.e. a monk living in a com-
munity as opposed to y ydy⌫ ‘solitary’, see BT XII, 86) E27/48r22; ~ ⇡nwy⌫ ‘ascetic’ E28/
1v11; ~ brn(⌫ ‘man’ E28/1r3; ~ ⌫n(⌫ ‘id.’ E28/8r22, v4*. Phrases: swgb r br t ‘brother monk’
̈
E26/24r33; E30/1r17f*; pl. swgb⌫rt/swqb⌫rt br⌫trt E28/9r10* (~ ⌫ wt⌫ ‘brotherhood’), v9* (~ ⌫ḥ⌫
‘brothers’); E30/1v5f*; xw⌫tr swqb r ‘chief monk’ ~ r(-dyr⌫ ‘abbot’ E26/31v23f.—Cf.
swqb⌫rmync.
—Forms: swgb⌫r E28; E30/1r17*; swgwb⌫r E28/52v22; swqb⌫r E26; E27/60r27; E28; obl.
swgb⌫r✏ E28/52r27; swgb⌫ry E28; E31v8; swqb⌫ry E26/14v11, 24r28; pl. swgb⌫rt E28/8v18,
12v29; E30/1r1, v5*; swqb⌫rt E26/24r25, 26; E27/48r22; E28/9r10*, v9*, 11*; obl. pl.
swgb⌫rty E28; swqb⌫rty E26/9v2*, 24r27; E27/40v19; S swk⌘⌫r DTS F20; DTS G14;
13032A2*, 3*(?) (Reck 2018, 28); U6109r4 (Reck 2018, 54).
̈
swgb r nc, swqbr nc f. ‘nun’ ~ t⌫, pl. ⌫ḥwt⌫ ‘sister’ E26/28v12*, 29v11*; ~ *wbnyt⌫ ‘blessed
̈
(woman)’ E26/28v4(?). Phrases: swqbr ⌫t xw ry⌫t ‘sister nuns’ ~ ⌫ḥwt⌫ ‘sisters’ E26/28v5;
xw⌫tr swqbr nc ‘chief nun’ ~ r(t dyr⌫ ‘abbess’ E26/28v14, 36.
—Forms: swqbr⌫nc E26/28v4, 14, 36; obl. swgb⌫r⌫ncy E28/27r29, 98B1*; pl. swgb⌫r⌫(t E28/
27r14f*, 23, 28 (MS swgb⌫r(t!); swqbr⌫(t E26/28v5, 10, 12*; obl. pl. [swqbr]⌫(ty E26/29v11.
swgb ry f. ‘monkhood, monastic life’ ~ dyrywt⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12r9.
—Forms: swgb⌫ry⌫ E28/65r16*; obl. swgb⌫ry⌫y E28.
sw t-: see swc.
sw tm⌫n: see s tm⌫n.
swq: see ⌫tr-swq.
swq-, sqw-, swqw- / swq t, S skw-, skw-, swk- vb. ‘to be, remain, stay, dwell’ ~ qwy pa el ‘to
remain, stay’ Lk24.29 E5/72v; Rom11.23 E6/6v*; Rom6.1 E32/1r; E27/31r25; ~ qwm p al
‘to stand, stay’ Ps5.6*; E27/69r20; ~ ⇡mr p al ‘to dwell’ E26/31r15; ≈ ⇡wmr⌫ ‘dwelling’
E23.96 (see BT XLV, 63); ~ sym p al pass. pt. ‘to be placed’ E28/7v9; ~ hwy p al ‘to be’
Gal4.4 E6/3v; E26/27v7, 30r16; E27/1r25, 56v32, 94v26; E28; ~ ⌫yt (± personal suffix) ‘id.’
Lk1.80 E5/6v; E27; E28/7v20; ~ ⌫n⌫ ‘I (am)’ (1st person pron. used as copula) Ps6.3; E28/
2av12.—The verb swq- is sometimes added where a Syriac sentence has no verb, e.g. dwrt⌫
swq⌫t ‘peace be (with you)’ ~ (lm⌫ ‘peace, health!’ Lk24.36 E5/83r*, Jn20.19, 21 E5/76v;
E28/9r12*. It is also used as a copula with adjectives etc. and as an auxiliary of the itr. pf.; the
relevant forms of swq- are included in the list below, but the Syr. equivalents of such
expressions should in general be sought under the principal word.—Phrases: p dy swq- ‘to
stand’ ~ qwm p al ‘id.’ E26/24v18; ~ qwm p al + ⇡l r̈gl⌫ ‘to stand on (one’s) feet’ E27/55r24;
p ty swq-/sqw- ‘to be on guard’ Mt10.17 E5/75r (~ zhr etp el ‘to beware, take care’); E26/
14r10; E27/94v8 (~ id.); E28/84A3*; xs swq-, S xns skw- ‘to stay firm’ ~ qwy pa el ‘to
remain’ Rom11.22 E6/6v, 1Tim2.15 E6/18v; ~ zhr etp el Ps19.12 (see BT XXXII, 41); swq-
pr wr m ‘to dwell in quietude’ ~ (ly p al ‘to be still’ E28/4r19*.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. sqw⌫m E26/12r35*, 15v7, 24v31*; swq⌫m E27/12r12; E28/2av12, 17*,
17r11; E35B2*; 2 sg. pres. sqwy E29/5v1 (or opt.?); swq-y E27/51r28, v5; swq E28/
24B20(?); swqy E27/66v15; E28/17r4; 3 sg. pres. swqty E26/31r3; E28/109v27; 1 pl. pres.
swqym E27/68r12; E28/11v9, 14r15 (or opt.?); 2 pl. pres. sqw+⌫ E26/16v12; swqt⌫ E28/
27v16*; 3 pl. pres. sqwnt E26/24r16, 19*, 31r15; E29/3v20, 5v16; swqnt Mt16.28 E5/127r*,
Lk1.79 E5/6v; E26/23v22*; E27; E28; swqn+ E24c1.93; swqwnt E27/13r27, 51v22*; 2 sg.
pres. dur. sqwysqwn E26/30r26; 3 sg. pres. dur. swqtysq E26/24v18; 1 sg. fut. swqnq⌫ E28/
7r13*; 3 sg. #z-impf. sqw⌫z E26/27v7; E27/Or1; swq⌫z E27; E28/65v3, 86A6; 3 pl. #z-impf.
[swq]⌫z[n](t) E27/87r20; swqw⌫znt E27/17v4; E28/65v3; 3 sg. impf. swq⌫ E27/56v32;
E28/9v5; 3 pl. impf. sqwnt E26/8r1*, 30r16; E28/10r15; swqnt E27/19r1; 3 sg. impf. dur.
sqw⌫sq E29/5v11; swq⌫s (mistake?) E28/7v20; 2 sg. opt. Rom11.22 E6/6v; 3 sg. opt. swq✏
Lk24.29 E5/72v; swqy E28/8v4, 27; 1 pl. opt. sqwym Rom6.1 E32/1r; swqym E28/4r19*; 3
pl. opt. sq-wynt E27/55r24; swq✏nt E28/5v30; 3 sg. opt. mid. sqwyt E29/3r3; 3 pl. opt. dur.
[swqynt](s)qwn E26/24v22; 3 sg. opt. mid. dur. swqytsq E29/3r4; 1 sg. subj. swq⌫n E28/
2av13; 3 sg. subj. sqw⌫t E23.92; E26/1v15, 2r15, 3v23, 14r10; swq⌫t Lk24.36 E5/83r*,
Jn20.19, 21 E5/76v; E24c1.9; E26/2r24, 23r11, 15; E27/31r25, 69r20, 94v26; E28/4v23,
9r12*; E30/4v2; 1 sg. inj. or impf. swqw E28/38r2; 3 pl. inj. swqnt Rom11.23 E6/6v*,
1Tim2.15 E6/18v; 2 sg. impv. sqw⌫ E23.271; E26/1v6; swq⌫ E27/94v8; E28; E30/4r3; 2 pl.
impv. sqw+⌫ E23.211*; E26/2r26; swqt⌫ Mt10.17 E5/75r; pres. inf.(?) [±pr] swqy E28/65v11;
3 sg. pres. itr. pot. swq⌫t bwt E28/1v4; 3 sg. tr. pret. swqd⌫rt Gal4.4 E6/3v; dur. pt. swq✏q
Lk1.80 E5/6v; S 1 sg. pres. ⌫skw⌫m Ps6.3; 3 sg. fut. (skw)t(y)[k⌫n] Ps19.12; 3 pl. fut.
(skw)[n](t-)[k⌫n] Ps5.6; 3 sg. #z-impf. ⌫skw⌫z Frg18.3; 3 pl. impf. swk[nt] Ps24.0. Pres. pt.
sqwyny, swq⇢yny ‘remaining, permanent’: sqwyny E29/4r23; acc. sg. m. swq-ynw E27/51r12.
Unclear: sq(w)[ E23.96 (see BT XLV, 63).
1
swq⌫m: see swq-.
2
swq m noun ‘staying, dwelling, remaining, being’ ~ qwm⌫ ‘staying’ E27/25v1; ~ hwy⌫ ‘being’
E27/48r7* (rest.!). Phrase wr my swq m ‘dwelling in quietude’ ~ (ly⌫ ‘calm, quietude’ E28/
2ar5.
—Forms: swq⌫m E27/25v1, 48r7*; E28; obl. swq⌫m- E28/1v19; swq⌫my E28/111r30.
S swk⌫nt: see 2swqnt.
swqb⌫r: see swgb⌫r.
swqb rmync adv. ‘like a monk’ E26/28v9.
swqbr⌫nc: see swgb⌫r⌫nc.

1
swqnt, S swknt: see swq-.
2
swqnt, S swk nt noun ‘oath’ ~ mwmt⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.73 E5/6v; E27/69r15. Phrase swqnt + xwr-, S
swk nt + [xwr-] ‘to swear an oath’ Ps24.4 (~ ymy p al ‘to swear’); E23.188, 296; E27/69r16
(~ id.).
—Forms: s↵q̇ṇ t Lk1.73 E5/6v; s qnt E27/23r24; swqnt E23.188, 296; E27/69r15, 16; E28/
16r22; S swk⌫nt Ps24.4.
swlq (Syr.) ‘Ascension’ E42B7*.
s⇧m noun ‘cauterization’ ~ k y⌫ ‘burns, scars, cauterizations’ E27/111r8.—See Sims-Williams
2017b, 37-8.
*swmb / swbt- vb. ‘to pierce’. Only pp. swbty ‘pierced’ E27/51v12*.
swmtr-, smwtr-, S swmtr- m. ‘sea, ocean’ ~ ym⌫ ‘id.’ Ps24.2; E25/1r13; E26; E27/31r25, 87v9;
E28/7r21*, 23; E36/1r14 (cf. Ex13.18).—Cf. *tybry↵s-swmtr.
—Forms: nom. sg. ](s)[w](m)t(r ) E36/1r14 (thus Cat., ed. sw](mtr✏)); swmtry E26/30v20*;
E28/109r23; nom. as acc. sg. swmtry E28/7r21*, 25A7, 93B3*; loc. sg. smwtry⌫ E25/1r13;
E27/31r25; swmtry⌫ E26/30r21, 27, v29; E28/7r23, 24A16, 25A5 (case?), 26A10; ysmwtry⌫
E27/87v9; nom. pl. swmtrt⌫ E26/30v28, 30 (as loc. pl.?); S acc. sg. swm(t)[rw] Ps24.2.
swmtrcyq adj. ‘of the sea’ E26/30v23 (≈ ym⌫ ‘sea’).
swmtry-m nwq adj. ‘ocean-like’ E26/23r22*.
swnty m. ‘liar’ or adj. ‘lying’ E29/5v13.
*swp GN ‘Reed (Sea), Red (Sea)’: sw[p] E36/1r14 (thus Cat., ed. sw[py]).
swpny⌫q: see spwny⌫q.
swryq adj. ‘Syrian’ E43B5*.
*swsn noun ‘lily’ ~ (w(nt⌫, pl. (w(n̈⌫ ‘id.’: s(w)[sn] E27/83v2.
swx⌫y: see sxw⌫y.
swx y mnty m. ‘taking up’ E28/100A3 (≈ (ql p al ‘to bear, take up’, cf. Mt16.24).
swxn- m. ‘speech, word’: acc. sg. swxnw E29/4v1, 17.
swxs- vb. ‘to burn’ (itr.): swxsy 2 sg. opt. E28/15r2.
swxst-: see sxw⌫y.
1
sxnt noun ‘mockery’, only in the phrases pr sxnt ⇡ ty *b-/qt- ‘to be subjected to mockery’ ≈
)dy etp el ‘to mock’ E23.299f; sxnt + *wn-/qt- ‘to make mockery’ ~ bz pa el ‘to mock’
E26/24r30; ~ bz etpa al ‘id.’ E26/26v22* (see BT XXXV, 148).
2
sxnt, S sx nt vb. ‘to mock, taunt’ ~ mwq pa el ‘id.’ Ps50.20; ~ bz pa el ‘id.’ E26/25v24,
28v33* (rest.!); ≈ bz ⌫ ‘mockery’ E23.90.
—Forms: 3 pl. inj. sxntnt E23.90; 2 sg. tr. pret. sxntd⌫ry E26/25v24; 3 pl. tr. pret. [sxntd⌫](rn)t
E26/28v33; S 2 sg. tr. pret. sx⌫nt⌫ry Ps50.20.
sxntqry m. ‘jester’: pl. sxntqryt E26/24r29 (~ myms⌫ ‘id.’), v2, 25r1 (~ id.); obl. pl. sxntqryty
E26/25r2.
sxryn / sxryt vb. ‘to redeem’ ~ zbn p al ‘to buy, redeem’: 3 sg. opt. sxr[y](nn̈)[⌫](!) E26/26v23;
sxryny E26/24r36; 2 sg. tr. pret. sxrytd⌫ry E26/31v21.
sxw y, swx y, 1sxwy / sxwst-, sxws⇠-, swxst-, S sxw y / sxwst- vb. ‘to raise, lift up, bring up,
bear, take, take up, take away, take off’ ~ (ql p al ‘to bear, take, take up, take away’ E5;
Rom11.18 E6/6r; E26/30r17; E27/68v8, 87v5, 6; E28/10v24; ~ rwm ap el ‘to lift up, raise’
Ps24.9; E24c2.15f; E26/26v19; E27/12v12 (here Sogd. swx⌫y and 2zry( together translate a
single Syr. verb); E28/9v23; ~ ⇡ly pa el ‘to raise, exalt’ E27/61r17; ~ nsb p al ‘to take’ E27/
22v7; ~ *⇡n p al ‘to bear, carry’ E27/87v11; ~ slq ap el ‘to bring up’ E26/28r4* (rest.!); ~ p(*
p al ‘to extend (the hands to heaven)’ E26/30v25. Passive swxsty *b-/qt- ~ (ql etp el ‘to be
lifted up, be taken away’ Lk24.31 E5/72v; E27/68v5; ~ rwm ettap al ‘to be taken away’ E28/
1r21*. Phrases: pr ptcng/p⇠⌫ng *sxw y/sxwst- ‘to raise on the cross’ ~ zqp p al ‘to crucify’
Lk24.20 E5/72r*; E24c1.50; passive pr pt⌫ng/pt⌫nq sxwsty/swxsty b-/qt-, S pr p(c n)k
sxws(t)[y *⌦-/*kt-] ‘to be raised on the cross’ E26/31r16; E27/56v5* (~ )lb etp el ‘to be
crucified’), 8* (~ zqp etp el ‘id.’); E28/23v2; Creed 7 (~ id.); cf. also pres. pt. sxw yny ~ )lwb⌫
‘crucifier’ E26/31r16.
—Forms: 2 sg. pres. swx⌫ẏ✏ Lk19.21 E5/125r; 3 sg. pres. swx⌫yt E28/1v20; 3 pl. pres. sxw⌫ynt
E29/2r2; 1 sg. pres. dur. swx⌫ẏ-ẏmsq Lk19.22 E5/125r; 3 sg. fut. sxwẏtq⌫ Jn1.29 E5/19v; 3 sg.
#z-impf. swx⌫y⌫z E27/12v12; 3 sg. impf. syxw⌫ E36/1r5*; syxw⌫y E27/87v11; E28/9v23;
E30/2v19*; 3 pl. impf. syxw⌫ynt E27; E28/10r3*, v24; impf. syxw⌫y[ E26/21A8; 3 sg. opt.(?)
sxw⌫y E38B5*, 11; 3 pl. opt. dur. swx⌫yntqn E28/23v4; 3 sg. subj. sw[x](⌫)ẏt Mt16.24 E5/
127r; (s)[wx⌫yt] E28/112A6; 3 pl. inj.(?) swx⌫ynt E30/2v11*; pot.(?) swxst [...] E28/104B6; 3
sg. tr. pret. sxwsd⌫rt E26/28r4*, 30r17, v25; sxws+⌫t E24c2.15f; 3 pl. tr. pret. sxwsd⌫rnt
E26/26v19; sxws+⌫rn+ E24c1.50; [s](wx)swd⌫rnt(!) Lk24.20 E5/72r; S 2 pl. impv. *sxw⌫y⌫
(MS sxw⌫⌫!) Ps24.9. Pres. pt. swx yny, sxw yny as noun ‘remover; crucifier’: swx⌫yny
E24c3.15; obl. pl. sxw⌫ynyty E26/31r16. Pp. swxsty, sxwsty, S *sxwsty ‘lifted up, exalted,
taken away’: swxst✏ Rom11.18 E6/6r; E27/56v5, 8; swxsty Lk24.31 E5/72v; E28/1r21*;
sxwsty E26/31r16; nom. sg. f. swxsc⌫ E27/61r17; pl. swxst t E28/23v2; swxstyt E27/68v5; S
sxw(st)[y] Creed 7.
1
* sxwrd noun ‘noise’ ~ Arabic ‘tumult’: sxwr[d] E28/1v17.
2
sxwrd vb. ‘to clamour’ ~ rwb p al ‘id.’: 3 pl. impf. syxwrdnt E27/66v5.
1
sxwy: see sxw⌫y.
S *2sxwy vb. ‘to be lifted up, be raised’ ~ rwm ettap al ‘id.’: 2 pl. impv. sxwy⌫ Ps24.7*, 9.
sy- / sy t vb. ‘to appear, show oneself’: 3 sg. impf. sy⌫ E27/22r10 (b⌫msy⌫ ‘dawn appeared’ ~ hw⌫
)pr⌫ ‘it was dawn’ E27/22r10); 3 sg. opt. tr. pot. sy⌫t wny E28/1v7.—For the phrase z⌫ry (...)
sy- see separate entry.
sy q f. (i) ‘shadow’; (ii) ‘shade, shelter, dwelling’:36 pl. sy⌫qt Lk1.79 E5/6v (~ *ll⌫ ‘shadow’);
Lk16.9 E5/48v (~ m*ll⌫ ‘shelter, dwelling’).
s⌥cy m. ‘small bird, sparrow’ ~ )pr⌫ ‘id.’: pl. s c(y)[t] Mt10.29 E5/76r; obl. pl. *s cyty (MS
s ctyty!) Mt10.31 E5/76r.
syd vb. ‘to appear, seem’. Phrases: d t⌥ syd ‘to seem right; to seem’ ~ zy etp el ‘id.’ Lk1.3 E4;
Lk10.36 E5/91r; [xw]cy syd ‘to seem agreeable’ ~ hny⌫⌫ ‘(to be) agreeable’ E27/48r2.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. s✏dt Lk10.36 E5/91r*; 3 sg. pres. dur. s-ydtq E27/48r2, v14, 51v9; s✏dtq
E27/51v8; 3 sg. tr. pret. syd⌫rt E26/27v8; s✏nd⌫rt Lk1.3 E4 (mistake?).
syfryn: see sfryn.
sym noun ‘filth’ E26/27r10 (~ )⌫wt⌫ w-tmswt⌫ ‘filth and corruption’); E28/62v6.
symwn m. PN ‘Simon (Magus)’ E29/6.—Cf. (m wn.
1
s n noun ‘bringing up, raising’ E28/25A2 (≈ slq ap el ‘to bring up, raise’, see BT XLII, 233).
2
syn / syt vb. ‘to make to go up, lift up, bring up, raise’ ~ slq ap el ‘id.’ Mt17.1 E5/127v; E27/
23v11, 60r1 (cf. Ex32.4); E28/25A6, 26A11 (on both passages see BT XLII, 233).
36
Regarding the coexistence of these two meanings see Sims-Williams 2016, 69.
—Forms: 3 pl. pres. syṅṇ t E28/26A11; 3 pl. opt. s✏n✏nt E27/23v11; 2 sg. impv. s-yn E27/
51r4*; pres. inf. [pr] syn E28/25A5f; 3 sg. impf. tr. pot. syt wn⌫ E26/5r11 (likely emendation
for Hansen’s syt wnn⌫ in a lost fragment);37 3 sg. tr. pret. s✏nd⌫rt [Lk1.3 E4: see syd]; Mt17.1
E5/127v; synd⌫rt E27/60r1.
syn⌫y: see sn⌫y; S syn⌫y: see 1syny.
synqrb noun ‘cinnabar’ E38A10.
1
syny, S syn y GN ‘Sinai’: syny E30/1r11; S syn⌫y 20227r8, v13*, 15*.
2
syny: see sn⌫y.
sywq noun ‘orphan’: pl. sywqt E26/2r13.
syxw⌫y: see sxw⌫y.
syxwrd: see 2sxwrd.
-⌫, - ⌫ 3rd pers. pron., obl. sg. encl. ‘it, its, her, for him’ etc. ~ -ḣ ‘her, its’ E24c3.11; E28/9r4.—
Cf. 1(w, 1(y.
—Forms: -⌫( E28/9r4 (d(tyc⌫(); -( E23.222 (MS qty(, read *qt(, cf. Gershevitch 1946, 183),
347 (qt(); E24c3.1 (⌫t(), 11 (⌫t(); E26/3v19 (ps⌫(); E28/13A2* (qt(), 16r20 (xw,⌫mnty(), 18v30
(ftmw().
"⌫: see 2(y.
S ⌫ ↵y f. PN ‘&#⌃’ 20223r[m].
⌫ n vb. ‘to glory, boast’ ~ (bhr quad.refl. = bhr e⇥tap al ‘id.’: 2 pl. inj. (⌫nt⌫ Jn5.35 E5/41v*.
*⌫ n f. ‘shin, shank’ ~ (q⌫ ‘id.’: pl. ((⌫)[ny](t) E27/27v8.
⌫ nwx adj. ‘excellent’ E27/11v21 (~ (ryr⌫ ‘true’?), 60r27* (~ ytr pa el pt. ‘excellent’); E28/
11r17.
⌫ nwxy f. ‘excellence, virtue’:38 (⌫nwxy⌫ E26/5r4 (emendation for Hansen’s (⌫nwqy⌫ in a lost
fragment); E27/Cv3*; E28; pl. (⌫nwxyt E31r19; [(⌫n](w)xy✏t E28/7r3 (~ mytrwt⌫ ‘excellence,
virtue’); obl. pl. (⌫nwxyt✏ E28/18v30.
⌫ pyqry f. ‘pride, boasting’ ~ (wbhr⌫ ‘id.’: (⌫pyqry⌫y obl. E28/12r23, v28*.
⌫ ⌫ vb. ‘to scatter, squander’: 2 sg. pres. dur. (⌫(ysq E27/51r7.
⌫ ⌫ mnty m. ‘scattering’: acc. sg. (⌫(⌫mnt↵ E27/51r10*.
⌫ ⌫t db n , S ⌫ ⌫t ↵⌦ ny adv. ‘scattered’. Only in phrases ⌫ ⌫t db n b- ‘to be scattered’ ~ bdr
etpa al ‘id.’ Jn16.32 E5/79v; S [⌫ ⌫t ↵⌦] ny kwn- ‘to scatter’ ~ zw⇡ ap el ‘to shake, disturb’
Ps29.9.
⌫ twx, S ⌫ twx adj. ‘happy, joyful, delighted’. Phrases: ⌫ twx *b-/qt-, S [⌫ twx] ⌦- ‘to be happy’ ~
bsm etpa al ‘to rejoice’ E23.118(?); E26/30r14[m]; E28/2ar10, 3v27; ~ dy p al ‘id.’ Ps5.12*
(rest.!); E27/104r2; S ⌫ t(wx)[ kwn-] ‘to make happy’ ~ dy pa el ‘to gladden’ Ps19.9.
—Forms: (⌫twx E23.118; E26/1v1; E27/51v16*; E28/3v27, 115A2*; pl. (⌫twxt E26/30r14[m];
E27/104r2; E28/2ar10; S (⌫twx Ps19.9*; pl. [(⌫twx](t) Ps5.12.
⌫ twxy f. ‘happiness, bliss, delight’: (⌫twxy⌫ E27/51r3, v6; E28/7v12 [MS (⌫nwxy⌫] (~ bwsm⌫
‘delight’), 16v10*, 118B7; obl. (⌫twxy⌫- E27/57r8 (~ hny⌫wt⌫ ‘sweetness, pleasure’); (⌫twxy⌫y
E28/24A21*; E31v9*.
*⌫ wtrystr compar. adj. ‘blacker’ E26/2v18* (MS (w⌫trystr!).—Cf. 3(w.
37
Emended to *synt wn⌫ in BT XXXV, 38, but Yutaka Yoshida kindly points out that a 3 sg. tr. pret. S syt⌫rt, which
may belong to this verb, is attested in the Karabalgasun inscription, Fragment 8, line 5 (see now Yoshida 2020, 77).
Such a past stem could have been created to syn on the analogy of wyn / wyt.
38
The meaning ‘delight’ given in the first edition of this dictionary was based on E28/7v12, where (⌫nwxy⌫ (~ bwsm⌫
‘delight’) is almost certainly a mistake for (⌫twxy⌫, see BT XLII, 68.
⌫bt (Syr. name of a month) ‘&b#*’ E26/5r27*; E27/65r30, 69r23.

⌫bwqly (Syr.) ‘forgive me! excuse me!’ E31v17, 19*.
⌫f r noun ‘shame’ E26/1r5*; E27/23v29 (~ bhtt⌫ ‘id.’); E28/85r26.
⌫f rqty adj. ‘ashamed’ ~ k yd⌫ ‘shameful’ (SyrLex, 617b, meaning 2) E27/7r27*. Phrase ⌫f rqty
wn- ‘to make ashamed’ ~ bht ap el ‘to shame’ 1Cor1.27 (x2) E6/12v*; E27/5v29f*.
—Forms: [(f](⌫r-qt ) 1Cor1.27 E6/12v; (f⌫rqty ibid.; E27/5v29f*, 7r27*.
⌫frs vb. ‘to be ashamed, stand in awe’ ~ bht p al ‘id.’: 1 sg. fut. (frsmq⌫ Lk16.3 E5/48r; 3 sg. fut.
(frstq⌫ E28/11v26 (–); 3 pl. fut. (frsntq⌫ Mt21.37 E5/38v*; 1 pl. opt. (frsym E28/17r18* (–); 3
pl. opt. (frs✏nt E27/111v3.
⌫frwqy f. ‘modesty, reverence’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r (~ t m)t⌫ ‘id.’); E26/9r3.
⌫hr (Syr.) ‘vigil, night office’ E13v7; E26/23r3*; E28/13A4.
⌫q f noun ‘crag, cliff’: pl. (q⌫ft E27/27v20* (~ (qyp⌫ ‘id.’); E28/19v14.
(q⌫f⌫: see dnt✏-(q⌫f⌫.
⌫qr- / ⌫qrt vb. ‘to lead, conduct, bring; to steer (a ship)’ ~ ybl ap el ‘to lead, bring’ E27/3v13,
60r24; ~ dbr p al ‘to lead, conduct’ E27/40r17, 56r27 (or ~ dbr pa el ‘id.’?); ~ s*y ap el ‘to
turn, divert’ E25/1r16. Phrases: pnt ⌫qr- ‘to bring near’ ~ qrb pa el ‘to cause to approach,
bring’ E26/7r8 (–); E27/48r5, 77r9; E28/12r27; swdq ⌫qr- ‘to lead in a hurry’ ~ rh* ap el ‘to
cause to hurry, drive on’ E27/68r19; wys qy *⌫qr-/⌫qrt ‘to conduct in peace’ ~ (yn pa el ‘to
grant peace’ E26/23v14; yp q ⌫qr- ‘to be angry’ ~ rgz p al ‘id.’ E26/5v15 (cf. Sims-Williams
1995a, 295 n. 35).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. (qrty E27/3v13; 3 pl. pres. (qrnt E29/2r9*; 1 sg. fut. (qrnq⌫ E27/48r5; 3
sg. fut. (qrtyq⌫n E26/5v15f*; E28/12r27, 23v20f; 3 pl. fut. (qrntq⌫ E27/40r17; 3 pl. #z-impf.
(qr⌫znt E27/68r19; 3 sg. impf. (yqr E27/60r24; 3 pl. impf. (yqrnt E26/7r8; 3 sg. irr. (qr[w]t✏
E27/56r27; 3 sg. tr. pret. (qrd⌫rt E26/23v14; E27/77r9; E29/2r5; past inf. (qrt E25/1r16. [Pres.
pt. (qryny: see separate entry.]
S ⌫krcy adv. ‘in pursuit’, in phrase ⌫krcy [⌦-] ‘to pursue, follow’ ~ rdp p al ‘id.’ Ps23.6.
⌫qryny pres. pt. ‘steering’, used in combination with n⌫w or m⌫y⌫ ‘ship’ as m. noun ‘sailor’: m y
⌫qryny(t) n f, n wy ⌫qryny(t) n f(t), lit. ‘ship-steering people’ ~ ⌫lpr̈⌫ ‘sailors’ E25/1r15*,
v14*; E26/30r18, 23f*.—Cf. (qr-.
—Forms: (qryny E25/1r15*; E26/30r18; pl. (qrynyt E25/1v14*; E26/30r23.
⌫qwnt adj. ‘lame, crippled’ ~ gyr⌫ ‘id.’ E23.219.
⌫qwpn- f. ‘dry land’ ~ yb(⌫ ‘id.’: acc. sg. (qwpn⌫ E27/22v15.—Cf. *(wq-.
S (kwryh: see (qwr+y⌫.
⌫qwr⇠ adj. ‘harsh, painful, grievous’ E26/27v8, 19 (≈ ⇡wsq⌫ ‘pain, vexation’); E27/69r24 (~ q(y
p al pass. pt. ‘harsh, cruel’); E28/82A1*.
⌫qwr⇠-m ny adj. ‘harsh, cruel, malicious’: (qwr+-m⌫n E28/8r12 (~ q(y p al pass. pt. ‘harsh,
cruel’); pl. (qwr+-m⌫n✏t E28/8r1 (~ id.?); (qwr+-m⌫nyt E23.184 (~ mryr np(⌫ ‘harsh-souled’,
i.e. ‘malicious’).
⌫qwr⇠tr compar. adj. ‘harsher, more difficult’ E28/13B13.
⌫qwr⇠y , S *⌫kwr↵yh f. ‘pain, distress, trouble, misfortune, affliction’ ~ ⌫wl)n⌫ ‘id.’ Jn16.21 E5/
79r, Jn16.33 E5/80r; Ps34.7*; E27; ~ lzyzwt⌫ ‘annoyance’ E27/31r3.
—Forms: (qwr+y⌫ Jn16.21 E5/79r, Jn16.33 E5/80r; E26/5v3; E27/51r21*, 69r21, 94v26; E28/
20r6, 7*; obl. (qwr+y⌫- E27/61v23, 68r14; (qwr+y⌫y E28/16v17, 77r26; pl. (qwr+✏t E27/31r3;
E28/24A22; (qwr+yt E28/23v4; E31r2; S [(kw]ryh Ps34.7.
⌫⇢l⇠ yl m. PN ‘Shealtiel’ Mt1.12 E1/1v.
⌫lymwn m. PN ‘Solomon’ E26/23r16*, 21, 23*.

(m-: see (ym-.
⌫m r / ⌫m rt, S *⌫m rt vb. ‘to think’ ~ sbr p al ‘id.’ Lk13.4 E5/34r*, Lk24.21 E5/72r*, Lk24.37
E5/83r; Ps50.21*; E23.129; E26/31v17; E27/77r11, 104r3; ~ sbr ap el ‘id.’ E26/32r17*;
E28/7r22* (or p al?); ~ (b etpa al ‘id.’ Lk1.66 E5/6r; E23.92, 105; E27/60r20*, 66r1*; E28/
27v30; ~ r⇡y etpa al ‘id.’ E27/17r4*; E28/7v26; ~ rny p al ‘id.’ E24c1.48; E27/55v26, 77r8,
9*; ~ rny etpa al ‘to consider’ E27/12v30; ~ byn etpa al ‘id.’ E27/94r19; ~ pys ap el pass.
pt. ‘(to be) convinced’ or yd⇡ p al ‘to know’ E28/9v8*; ≈ sbr etp el ‘to be considered, seem’
E28/7v21.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. (as subj.?) (m⌫r[m] E23.92; 3 sg. pres. (m⌫rt E27/104r3; 1 sg. pres. dur.
(m⌫rmsq E24c1.48; E27/Jr3*; E28/7v21, 26; ((m)⌫rms(q)[n] E28/9v8; 2 sg. pres. dur. (m⌫rysq
E23.129; 3 sg. pres. dur. (m⌫rtq E26/32r17*; E28/7r22*, 11r14; 2 pl. pres. dur. (m⌫(r)[t⌫sqn]
Lk13.4 E5/34r; (m⌫r+⌫sqn E26/31v17; 3 pl. pres. dur. (m⌫rntq E27/48v16; 1 sg. fut. (m⌫rnq⌫
E27/55v26; 3 sg. fut. (m⌫rtq⌫n E26/2v21; 3 sg. #z-impf. (m⌫r⌫z E27/66r1*; E28/27v30; 3 pl.
#z-impf. ([m⌫r⌫znt] E27/77r9; 3 sg. impf. (ym⌫r E23.105; E27/12v30, 17r4*, 60r20*; 3 pl.
impf. (ym⌫rnt E27/77r8, 11; 2 sg. impv. (m⌫r E27/Kv2; E28/13A2*, 16v22; E29/5r13*, 15;
pres. inf.(?) pr ... ([m⌫r] E28/11v10; 3 sg. tr. pret. (m⌫rd⌫rt E26/2v16; 3 pl. tr. pret. [(m⌫rtd]⌫rnt
E26/30r19; past inf. (m⌫rt E27/94r19; dur. pt. (m⌫r✏q Lk1.66 E5/6r, Lk24.21 E5/72r*,
Lk24.37 E5/83r; S 2 sg. tr. pret. ([m⌫rt⌫ry] Ps50.21.
⌫m r , S ⌫m r , ⌫m r kh f. ‘thought, thinking’ ~ m (bt⌫ ‘thought, intention’ Lk24.38 E5/83r;
Ps33.10*; E27; ~ w(b⌫ ‘thought, thinking’ E27; E28; ~ tr⇡yt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31r11, v16; E28/7v5;
~ rny⌫ ‘meditation, thought’ Ps19.15; E27; E28; ~ zw⇡⌫ ‘(mental) impulse’ E27/31r15; E28/
3r24. Phrase nt q ⌫m r ‘evil thought’ ~ mrnyt⌫ ‘care, thought’ E27/57r14.
—Forms: (m⌫r⌫ E26/2v16, 31v31; E27; E28; obl. (m⌫r⌫y E31r11; (m⌫r✏ E27/94r30, 104v6*,
120r11; (m⌫r-y E27/94v19, 27, 104v3; (m⌫r E28/81v4*; (m⌫ry E27; E28/33A9*, 9*,
78B10*(?); pl. (m⌫r✏t Lk24.38 E5/83r; E27; E28/3r24, 4r29 (MS (ym⌫r✏t!), 12r17, 16r28*;
(m⌫r t E28/11r3, 38r13*; (m⌫ryt E27/102v19, 120r6*; E28; obl. pl. (m⌫r✏ty E27/31r7, 15,
94v2; E28/8r25, 12v23; (m⌫r-yty E27/31r24, 57r14, 102v25; (m⌫ryty E27; E28; S (m⌫r⌫
Ps19.15; (m⌫r⌫kh Ps33.10*.
⌫m ⌫ , ⌫m⌫ m. ‘deacon’ ~ m(m(n⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57r25, 64r23*; ~ m(m(n⌫ or (m(⌫ ‘id.’ E27/68v22.
—Forms: (m(⌫ E12/1r2, 2v7*, 8*; obl. (m⌫(⌫y E30/1v11*; pl. (m⌫(⌫t E30/1v4; (m⌫(✏t E27/
57r25, 68v22; (m⌫(yt E24; E27/64r23*.
⌫m x, S ⌫m xw 2nd pers. pron., pl. ‘you, to you, for you, your’ ~ ⌫ntwn/⌫ntyn ‘you’ NT+; ~ -kwn/-
kyn ‘you, your’, lkwn ‘you, to you, for you’ NT+; ~ dylkwn ‘your’ E27/68r30. In Gal3.27 E6/
3r, ⌫ylyn d-, usually ‘(those) who’, is translated (m⌫x qt ‘you who’, rightly so in view of the
following 2 pl. verb.—In the lectionary E5 (also in 1Cor11.24 E6/7v), (m⌫x often follows 2nd
pers. pl. verbal forms, even where there is no corresponding subject pron. in the Syriac.
—Forms: (m⌫x Jn16.6 E2/1v; Lk2.12 E3r* (x2); E5; E6; Col1.8 E32/2r; E23.79, A28; E24;
E26; E27; E28/20r16, 19*, 27v16*; E29/3r21, 6v18; E30/1v14*, 19; obl. (m⌫xty E28/9v9;
(m⌫x E5; (m⌫xy Mt6.30 E1/2v; Mt10.23 E5/75v*, Jn16.22 E5/79r, Jn16.33 E5/80r*; E28/
20r19; S (m⌫xw 20222bv7. Combined: (m⌫xs⌫ Rom11.13 E6/5v.
(m⌫xs⌫ = (m⌫x + s⌫r.
⌫mbd, ⌫mpd, ⌫md noun ‘Sabbath, Saturday’ ~ (bt⌫ ‘id.’ Jn9.14,39 16 E5/100r.—Cf. ctf⌫r-(md,
yw-(mbd.
—Forms: (md E9/1r3* (possibly to be restored with a preceding numeral indicating one of
the following days of the week); (mpd Jn9.14, 16 E5/100r; obl. (mbdy E26/23r6*, 7, 8; E29/
1r10*.
⌫m wn, S ⌫m wn m. PN ‘Simon’ ~ (m⇡wn ‘id.’ Lk6.14, 15 E5/91v, Lk24.34 E5/73r*; E27.
Phrase ⌫m wn sng/snq, S ⌫m wn snk ‘Simon Peter’ ~ (m⇡wn k⌫p⌫ ‘id.’ E27/54v16; ~ k⌫p⌫
‘Kephas, Peter’ Mt17.1, 4* E5/127v, Jn21.7 E5/80v; E36/3r8f (cf. Mt26.75); 20227v7* (–).
—Forms: (m wn E5; E26/13r6, 9, v3; E27; E28/1r[m], 27r15*, 21*; E29; E30/1v11; E36/
3r8; obl. (m wny E27/68v19; E28/1r2; S (m wn Frg18.1*; 20227v7*.—Cf. symwn.
⌫mnq nny, S ⌫mnk ny adj. ‘Satanic, devilish’: (mnq⌫nny E27/12r4 (~ mrwd⌫ ‘cruel’); S f.
(mnk⌫nc 12600Iv8*.
⌫mnw, S ⌫mnw m. ‘Satan, Ahriman, the Devil’ ~ s*n⌫ ‘Satan’ E20V2 (cf. Mt4.10 etc.); E26/
25r22; E27; ~ ⌫hrmn ‘Ahriman’ E27/13r28. The phrase nt qry ⌫mnw (and other spellings)
‘the wicked Satan’ is a common term for the Devil, translating various Syriac terms: ⌫klqr)⌫
‘the Accuser’ Mt25.41 E5/126v* (rest.!); by(⌫ ‘the Evil One’ Mt13.19 E5/109r*; b⇡ldbb⌫ ‘the
Enemy’ E23.260; E24c3.17f.
—Forms: (mnw Mt13.19 E5/109r; E24c3.18; E26; E27; E28; E29/2r8*, 5v13; E50v4*; obl.
(mnwy E23.260; E26/3; S (mnw 12600IIv9; obl. (mnwy 12800ar5 (Reck 2018, 21).
(mpd: see (mbd.
*⌫mr yq noun ‘Samaritan’(?): pl. [(mr⌫](yqt) E28/17v9.
(m(⌫: see (m⌫(⌫.
*⌫mw yl m. PN ‘Samuel’: (()m[w⌫yl] E28/44v6.—Could alternatively be restored as (()m[(wn]
‘Samson’.
⌫n, 1⌫nt, ⌫n⇠, S ⌫n 3rd pers. pron., obl. pl. encl. ‘them, of them, to them, their’ ~ ⌫nwn/⌫nyn
‘them’ Mt10.21 E5/75v, Lk19.27 E5/125v, Jn5.36 E5/41v*; Ps19.12*; E24c1.31, 59, c2.19;
E26/28v6, 31r18; E27; ~ lhwn ‘them, to them’ E26/30v6(?); E27/68r22, 68v16; E28/4v20;
E29/8v11*.
—Forms: (n Mt10.21 E5/75v, Lk19.27 E5/125v, Jn5.36 E5/41v*; E23.297; E26; E27; E28;
E29/8v11*; (nt E26/31v25; (n+ E24c2.19; S (n Ps19.12*. Combined: ⌫t(n E24c1.59, c2.20;
E26/15r5; E28/17v3, 19v23*, 23r17, 98B4; qt(n E24c1.31; E26/3r20, 31r18; rt(n E27/22r9.
⌫n- / 2⌫nt vb. ‘to shake, tremble, quake’ ~ zw⇡ p al ‘id.’ E23.225; ~ nwd p al ‘id.’ E26/5v4 (Sims-
Williams 1995b, 294 n. 31), 11 (ibid., 295 n. 34).
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. (nty E28/10v25*, 19r4; 3 sg. pres. dur. [(nty]sq E28/11r12; 3 sg. fut.
[(ntyq](⌫)m E28/10v23; 3 pl. impf.(?) (nnt E28/52r21; 3 sg. subj. (n⌫t E26/5; 2 sg. impv. (n⌫
E27/51v30*; 3 sg. tr. pret. (nt⌫t E23.225.
⌫nq adj. ‘little’: pl. (nqt E28/14r3* (rest.!) (~ z⇡wr⌫ ‘id.’), 9 (~ dqdq⌫ ‘id.’).
(ny: see z⌫y-(ny.
(p(-, *(p✏(-: see sp(-.
⌫rw , S ⌫r w m. ‘lion’ ~ ⌫ry⌫ ‘id.’: (rw E27/83r6*, 87v13; E28/10r1; S (r w Frg18.2 (–), 5 (–).
((q-: see (y(q-.
⌫t num. ‘eight’ E27/94r28 (~ tmny⌫ ‘id.’); E36/2r6; E47A8* (~ ‘8’); E50v3(?).
39
Here the Sogdian has my+ (mpd ‘Sabbath day’, probably following the reading of the Vetus Syra (Sinaiticus)
ywm⌫ (bt⌫ rather than that of the Peshitta, which has only (bt⌫. See Sims-Williams 2016, 73.
⌫t t num. ‘eighty’ ~ tmn⌫yn ‘id.’ Lk16.7 E5/48r.

(t⌫ts: see (ts.
(tf⌫r, (tf⌫rmyq, (tf⌫rwystmyq, (tfrs: see ctf⌫r, ctf⌫rmyq, ctf⌫r-wystmyq, ctfrs.
⌫tmyq, S *8-myk ordinal ‘eighth’: (tmyq E27/55r22 (~ d-tmny⌫ ‘id.’); S 8-myk(?) O2497.6.
⌫ts, ⌫t ts, ⌫tc num. ‘eighteen’ ~ tmn⇡sr ‘id.’: ⌫(tc E43B2* (–); (t⌫ts E47A20; (ts Lk13.4 E5/34r
(for the reading see Cat., 32).
⌫ttsmyq ordinal ‘eighteenth’ E26/13r3*; E27/55v20 (~ d-tmnt⇡sr ‘id.’).
⌫tyq, ⌫⇠yq, ⌫tyq, S ⌫tyk ordinal ‘third, thirdly’ ~ d-tlt⌫, d-tlt ‘id.’ E27/40r13, 57r24; ≈ tlt⌫ ‘three’
E26/30r21. Phrase ⌫tyq my⇠y, S ⌫tyk my↵y ‘on the third day’ ~ l-tlt⌫ ywmyn ‘in three days’
Lk24.46 E5/83v*; Creed 8; ~ mn btr ... tlt⌫ yẅmyn ‘after three days’ E27/91r6f*.
—Forms: ⌫(tyq E26/30r21; (tyq Lk24.46 E5/83v*; E26/1r18, 12r9; E27; E29/1r3; (+yq
E24c3.57; S ⌫(tyk Creed 8.
1
⌫w, S ⌫w 3rd pers. pron., acc. sg. encl. ‘him, her, it’ ~ -h, -ḣ ‘id.’ Ps34.7; E26/27v11, 32r5*;
E27; ~ lh, lḣ ‘id.’ E27; E28/12r15.—Cf. -(, 1(y.
—Forms: (w E26; E27; E28; E30/1r19*; S (w O2497.5; 20223v2*. Combined: ⌫t(w E26/
27v11; E35A7; rt(w E26/1v8; S kt(w Frg18.4; rt(w Ps34.7.
2
⌫w article, nom. pl. ‘the’(?): ⌫t(w E26/24r14.—In BT XXXV, 93, (w in E26/12r2 was taken as a
3rd pers. pron., nom. sg. m., but an alternative restoration of the sentence (see above s.v.
p⌫tx(⌫wn) allows it to be interpreted as 1(w.
3
⌫w adj. ‘black’ ~ ⌫wkm⌫ ‘id.’: pl. (↵t E27/60v28 (x2).—Cf. f(my-(↵, *(⌫wtrystr.
⌫w- / yt- vb. ‘to go, walk, move, behave, act, occur’ ~ ⌫zl p al ‘to go’ E5+; ~ rdy p al ‘to travel,
proceed’ Lk2.15 E3r; Lk10.38 E5/91r; E27; E28/12r6; ~ hpk etpa al ‘to go about, behave’
Tit3.3 E6/5r; ~ hlk pa el ‘to walk, go’ E27/87v10; E28/3v15, 16; ~ dbr etp el or etpa al ‘to
behave’ E28/1r5; ~ hwy p al ‘to be, occur’ E26/5v7 (?—see Sims-Williams 1995b, 295 n.
33), 6B2 (?—see ibid., 297 n. 43); ~ m*y p al or etpa al ‘to arrive’ E28/9v30; ~ slq p al ‘to
go up’ E26/30r15. Phrases: mr z ⌫w- ‘to go (as) a labourer’ ~ pr p al ‘to dig’ Lk16.3 E5/48r;
p w⌫ty ⌫w- ‘to go hidden’ ~ *(y etpa al ‘to hide oneself’ E27/94r23; pnt (...) ⌫w- ‘to come
near’ E27/17v3 (~ qrb p al ‘to approach’), 31v2 (~ qrb etpa al ‘to be brought near,
approach’), 32 (~ id.), 48v29, 57v15; E28/35A2*; r ⇠ ⌫w- ‘to travel’ E26/32v31*; E27/31r1;
E30/4v9*.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. as subj. (w⌫m Lk16.3 E5/48r; 3 sg. pres. (↵t E27/31v2, 61v26; (wt E26/
5r16, 28v28; E27/31r1; E28; 3 pl. pres. (wnt E28/12r6, 24A18, 29B4; 1 sg. pres. dur. (w⌫msq
E28/7r10; 2 sg. pres. dur. (wysq E27/48v29; 3 sg. pres. dur. (wtq E27/31v22, 104r5*; 2 pl.
pres. dur. (wt⌫sq E26/8v8; (w+⌫sq E24c1.33; 1 sg. fut. (w⌫mq⌫n E26/2v28*; (wng⌫ Jn16.28
E5/79v; (wnq⌫ E27/94r21; 2 sg. fut. (w✏q⌫ Lk1.76 E5/6v; 3 sg. fut. (wtq⌫n E28/16r11, 15,
17r1*; 3 pl. fut. (wntq⌫ Mt25.46 E5/127r*; E27/40v14, 20; 3 sg. #z-impf. (w⌫z E27/87v10; 3
pl. #z-impf. (w⌫znt E27/17v3; 2 sg. opt.(?) (w-y E27/31v32; (wy E30/5v17; 3 sg. opt. ( ⌫ E26/
2r21, 30r15 (MS (w⌫!); (wy E26/7v9; E27/94r23; E28; 1 pl. opt. (wym Lk2.15 E3r; E23.63; 3
pl. opt. (wynt E26/12v8; 3 pl. opt. dur. (w✏ntqn Lk10.38 E5/91r; 3 sg. opt. mid. (wyty E28/
9v30; 1 sg. subj. (w⌫n E26/2v3*; E27/94r20 (corrected to ny,⌫n); E28/65r4; 3 sg. subj. (w⌫t
E12/2v4; E26/5-6; E27/27v4, 51r5, 57v15; E28/13A18; 3 pl. inj. (w⌫nt E29/4v16; 1 sg. fut.
inj. ((wq)[⌫] E27/av2(?); 2 sg. impv. (w⌫ Lk10.37 E5/91r, Jn9.11 E5/100r; E26/13v3; E27/
26v6; E30/4v9, 5v20; 2 pl. impv. (wt⌫ E23.75; E24c1.43; E29/1r5; E55v1(?); past inf. yt
E27/87v7; yty E26/3v9*; dur. pt. (w✏q Lk24.28 E5/72v; (w✏qm⌫t ibid.; (wyq Tit3.3 E6/5r.
⌫w mc f. ‘course, conduct, (ascetic) way of life’ ~ dwbr⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E28; ~ hwpk⌫ ‘id.’ E27/94r7
(x2); E28/14v28* (rest.!); ~ rbwt⌫ ‘greatness’(!) E28/5v30*. Phrase r ⇠y ⌫w mc ‘travel,
course’ ~ mrdyt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/11v28; ~ mrdyt⌫ d-b-⌫wr ⌫ ‘travelling on the way’ E27/12v17; ~
hlkt⌫ ‘walk, course’ E27/94r9*, 10.
—Forms: (w⌫mc E27; E28; E30/4r8*; obl. (w⌫mcy E27/11v28, 12v17*; E28/5v30*, 12r3,
67A3*; pl. (w⌫m(t E27/Lr2*; E28/1v13; obl. pl. (w⌫mcty E28/18r22; (w⌫m(t✏ E27/31v20;
(w⌫m(ty E28/1v25.
⌫w mnty, *⌫w mndy m. ‘going, motion; course; conduct, way of life’: (w⌫mn[dy] E25/1r3;
(w⌫mnty E26/24r27 (~ dwbr⌫ ‘conduct, way of life’), 30v18 (~ id.); E27/56v19* (pnt
(w[⌫mnty] ~ mtqrbnwt⌫ ‘approach’). Phrase w x⌫ty r⌫ty ⌫w mnty ‘correct flow of words’ ~
⌫rw⇡wt⌫ d-m̈l⌫ ‘disputation with words’ E28/14v15.
⌫w mnty f. ‘conduct’ E29/5v7.
⌫w my m. ‘course’ ~ rh*⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. (w⌫myty E26/32v4.
(w⌫trystr E26/2v18*: mistake for (⌫wtrystr.
⌫wb (Syr.) ‘praise, glory’ E9/1r9 (etc.), 2r8 (etc.).
⌫wq adj. ‘silent, speechless’ E26/16r19, 30r26 (~ (ly p al pass. pt. ‘id.’); E27/65v29 (~ (tyq⌫
‘id.’); E28/98A3*(?), 109r24. Phrase ⌫wq w⌫t ‘to stand still, to be silent’ E23.162 (~ (tq p al
‘to be silent’); E27/12r8 (~ qwm p al ‘to stand’); E36/3r11f*.
*⌫wq- adj. ‘dry’ ~ yby(⌫ ‘id.’: nom. sg. f. [(wq]⌫ E27/69r26.—Cf. (qwpn-.
⌫wqy f. ‘silence’ E28/18r20,40 66v25, 26, 28.
⌫wm vb. ‘to sew’: 3 sg. tr. pret. (wmd⌫rt E36/2r14f* (~ dbq pa el ‘to join, bind together’, cf.
Gen3.7).
⌫wmqy f. ‘(art of) sewing, tailoring’ E36/2r13.
⌫wn-sry m. ‘haunch’ ~ gs⌫ ‘side, flank, haunch’: pl. (wn-sr✏t E27/27v17.
⌫wry (Syr.) ‘preface, prefatory verse’ E9/1v9.
⌫w⌫n-p yqy f. ‘discipline’(?) ~ ⇡nwywt⌫ ‘asceticism’ E27/31v5.
⌫w⌫p (Syr.) ‘veil’ E27/57r19.
1
(wt⌫: see (w-.
2
⌫wt f. ‘furrow’(?) E26/1v12.
(wx: see (x-.
(w✏qm⌫t = (w✏q (see (w-) + m⌫t (see x-).
⌫w nny m. ‘cloth’ E36/1v7.—See DTS, 56-7.
⌫x noun ‘branch’: pl. (xt Rom11.19 E6/6r* (~ swkt⌫, pl. s̈wk⌫ ‘id.’); E23.113 (~ id.), 120 (~ ⇡nq⌫
‘shoot, branch’).
⌫x-, ⌫wx adj. ‘firm, hard, harsh’: nom. sg. m.(?) (xy E25/1r21 (as acc. pl.?) (≈ (rr pa el ‘to
strengthen’); E26/16v20; E28/77r22; pl. (wxt E26/31r26; acc. pl. (xt⌫ E26/16r12.—Cf. (xystr.
⌫xm nqy f. ‘hard-heartedness’ E26/43v5*.
⌫xy q f. ‘labour, effort’ E28/41v30, 85v30. Phrase ⌫xy q wn- ‘to strive’ E28/23v9.
⌫xystr compar. adj. ‘more difficult’ ~ ⌫ly)⌫ ‘(more) troublesome’ E28/8v14.—Cf. (x-.
40
Contrary to what was proposed in BT XLII, 115, 229, E28/18r20-22 may be understood as follows: ‘Work (and)
silence is more effective for the correction of others than solicitude expressed in suitable words concerning laxity
(xwycqy⌫, q.v.) of conduct’.
1
⌫y, S ⌫y 3rd pers. pron., obl. sg. encl. ‘him, his, her, it, its, to him, to her, to it’ ~ -h, -ḣ ‘him, his,
her, it, its’ E5+; Ps24.2; ~ lh, lḣ ‘to him, to her’ E26/24v30, 30r33; E27; ~ dylh ‘of it’ E28/
12v5*.—Cf. -(, (w.
—Forms: (✏ E28/16v23; ( E5; E28/3r11, 16v14*, 19; (y Mt16.25 E5/127r, Mt20.19 E5/34v,
Jn9.11 E5/100r*; E23; E26; E27; E28; E29; E36/2v4* (ed. (ZY), read ((y) with Cat.); S (y
20223r1*. Combined: ⌫rty(y E29/8v9; ⌫t(✏ E28/8r9; ⌫t(y Col1.15 E32/2v; E23.89, 94; E26/7r9,
12r32*, 43v1; E28/7v19, 12v5*; qt(y E24c2.7; pnt(y E23.288; S ⌫t(y Ps24.2.
2
⌫y,  num. ‘three’ ~ tlt⌫ ‘id.’ Lk10.36 E5/91r, Lk24.21 E5/72r*; E26/5v16, 8r7; E27; ~ g ‘3’
E47A3.—Cf. (y-p⌫d⌫, *(y-srdy.
—Forms: "⌫ E26/5v16, 8r7, 14v20; (✏ Lk10.36 E5/91r; E27; E36/1v9* (ed. qwnt⌫((c.), read
qwnt⌫ ((✏) .⌫. with Cat.); (-y E27; (y Lk24.21 E5/72r*; E9/1v12; E27/48v4, 57r10*; E28/
27r23*; E47A3.
⌫y , S ⌫y f. ‘memory, remembrance; intellect, intelligence, wits’ ~ ⇡whdn⌫ ‘memory’ E28/5r11*;
~ hwn⌫ ‘intellect’ E28/4v24*, 5v25; ~ np(⌫ ‘soul’(?) E29/1r9 (cf. Lk10.27). Phrases: ⌫y br (i)
‘to remember’ ~ ⇡hd p al ‘to remember’ Jn15.20 E5/73v, Jn16.21 E5/79r; E27/104r4*; ~ ⇡hd
etp el ‘id.’ E28/7v18; (ii) ‘to remind’ ~ ⌫ty ap el + ⇡whdn⌫ ‘to remind’, lit. ‘to bring remem-
brance’ E27/102r23; (y(⌫)[ ⌫brny]t(?) ~ m⇡hdn̈⌫ ‘remembrancers, reminders’ E28/7r2; ⌫y
br mnty ‘remembrance, recollection’ ~ ⇡whdn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31v1, 61v28f, 94r11f*; E28; ⌫y d r
‘to keep in memory’ ~ dkr etp el ‘to remember’ E24c1.86*; ⌫y *wn-/qt- ‘to remember’ ~ ⇡hd
p al Lk1.72 E5/6v; passive ⌫y qty b- ‘to be remembered’ MIK III/365.3f; S ⌫y ⌦ t ‘may there
be remembrance of ...’ 12600Iv[m], IIv[m], 20119r[m].—Cf. pw-(y⌫.
—Forms: (y⌫ Lk1.72 E5/6v, Jn15.20 E5/73v, Jn16.21 E5/79r; E24c1.86; E27; E28; E29/1r9;
E30/3r7*, 5v20*; E31r4, 9; E36/3r4*; MIK III/365.3; obl. (y⌫y E28/4v24*, 5r11*, 127B3; S
(y⌫ 12600Iv[m] (x2), IIv[m], 20119r[m], 20133v[m] (Reck 2018, 40, 42).
⌫y tr compar. adj. ‘more excellent’: (y⌫tr E27/12v11* (~ rgt⌫ ‘(object of) desire, delight’), 61r26
(~ ytr pa el pt. ‘(more) excellent’); pl. (y⌫trt E28/14r7.—Cf. (yr-.
⌫yqn, S ⌫yk n f. ‘palace, mansion, dwelling’ ~ m(ryt⌫ ‘camp, host; dwelling’ Ps34.8 (see Sims-
Williams 2011, 464); E27/68r8; ~ pl*yn ‘palace’ E23.175, 304; E24c3.9.
—Forms: (yqn E23.175, 304; E24c3.9, 11A4*; E29/4v6; obl. (yqny E26/27r14; E27/68r8; S
pl. (yk⌫nt Ps34.8.
(yqr: see (qr-.
⌫ylw GN ‘Siloam’ Lk13.4 E5/34r.
⌫ym-, ⌫m- vb. ‘to blush, be ashamed’: 1 pl. opt. (m✏m E28/17r18; 3 pl. opt. (()ym(✏)[n]t E27/
111v4 (~ pr p al or ap el ‘id.’).
(ym⌫r: see (m⌫r.
(ym⌫r✏t E28/4r29: mistake for (m⌫r✏t.
⌫y-p d adj. ‘three-pronged’ ~ d-tlt "nnn ‘three-pointed’ E27/60v3, 7.
⌫yr (i) adj. ‘good’ E27/22r8; E45r12; (ii) adv. ‘very, very much’ ~ λίαν ‘id.’(?) Mt17.1 E5/127v
(see Sims-Williams 2016, 68); ~ sgy ‘id.’ E24c1.44; E26/31v18; E27/7r22*, 87v4; ~ *b ‘id.’
E27/60v28, 87r8; E28/12v23; ≈ rb⌫ ‘great’ E28/9r6*. Phrase ⌫yr ⇡ w ‘very much’ ~ sgy E26/
30v17.
⌫yr-, 1⌫yry, ⌫yr̈ , S ⌫yr-, 1⌫yry adj. ‘good, excellent’ ~ *b⌫ ‘good’ Lk2.14 E3r; E5; Ps19.11*,
34.15; E27/54r27 (cf. Mt13.24), 61v28, 94r4; ~ (pyr⌫ ‘excellent’ Mt17.4 E5/127v*; E27/
68r13; E28/1r6, 16, v5, 12r15; ~ ly)⌫ ‘strong, valiant’ E27/68r2. With *b-/qt- ‘to be good’ ~
*⌫b p al ‘id.’ E27/120r10.—Cf. (y⌫tr, (yr, (yrw, 2(yry.
—Forms: (yr̈⌫ E26/3r1*, 3, 8r2; ( r✏ Mt13.24 E5/109v, Jn2.10 E5/21v; ( ry Lk2.14 E3r; (yr
Lk10.42 E5/91v; (yr✏ E27/120r10; E28/25B3; (yr-y E27/54r27; (yry Mt17.4 E5/127v*; E26/
32r1; E27/126v27; E28; E29/5v5; E30/3v11, 4r11; nom. sg. n. (yrw E27/94r4; acc. sg. m.
(yrw E27/68r13; acc. sg. f. (yr⌫ E27/48v25, 68r2; pl. (yr✏t Jn5.29 E5/41r*; (yr-yt E27/39r5,
48v23, 61v28; E28/18v20; (yryt E28; S (yry Ps19.11*, 34.15.
*⌫yr q f. ‘goodness’(?): ((y)r⌫(q) E26/2r7.
(yr⌫qc, (yr⌫qty, S (yr⌫kty: see (yrqty.
⌫yr qty , ⌫yrqty , S ⌫yr kty f. ‘goodness, virtue, righteousness, beneficence, grace’ ~ *ybwt⌫
‘goodness, favour, grace’ Tit3.7 E6/5v; Ps5.8*, 51.3*; E25/1v16; E26/24r37; E27; E28/1r14,
̈
21, 8r19*; ~ zdyqwt⌫ ‘righteousness’ Ps5.9*; E26/23v6(?), 28v37(?), 31r25; ~ *bt⌫ ‘good
things’ E27/57v2.—Note that Syr. *ybwt⌫, even when it is not accompanied by d-⌫lh⌫ ‘of God’,
is often translated b nyq ⌫yr qty ‘divine Grace’, e.g. E27/57r3, 61r22f, 83r2; E28/1r21,
3r22f*.
—Forms: (yr ⌫qty⌫ E27/61r23; ( r[⌫q]ty⌫ E27/91v5; (yr⌫qty⌫ Tit3.7 E6/5v; E19r3*; E21v2;
E24c1.8; E26; E27; E28; E29/4v14; (yrqty⌫ E24c1.10, c3.47; E25/1v16; E28/85r29; E30/
2v18*; obl. (yr⌫qt✏⌫-(!) E27/57v2; (yr⌫qty⌫y E28/3r22f*, 25B7, 26B11; S (yr⌫kty⌫ Ps5.8*, 9*,
51.3*.
⌫yr qty -qry m. ‘doer of righteousness’ ~ pl ⌫ d-zdyqwt⌫ ‘id.’: pl. (yr⌫qty⌫-qryt E26/28r15.
S ⌫yr kty wy m. ‘righteousness, beneficence’ ~ zdyqwt⌫ ‘id.’ Ps24.5.
(yr⌫ng⌫ry, S (yr⌫nk⌫ry: see (yrng⌫ry.
⌫yr wny adj. ‘excellent’: (yr wny E28/1r13 (~ k(yr⌫ ‘diligent, strenuous, excellent’); pl.
(yr wn✏t E28/25A1.
(yr wzy: see (yrxwzy.
⌫yrq adj. or noun ‘(what is) good’ E26/1r16.
⌫yrqty, ⌫yr qty, S ⌫yr kty adj. and noun ‘virtuous, good, righteous, gracious, saintly’, also
commonly used in both m. and f. forms to translate a variety of quasi-synonymous terms for
‘saint’: ~ *b⌫ ‘good, virtuous person’ Lk19.17 E5/125r*; Ps34.9; Hymn 7; E28/1r8, 8r17; ~
qdy(⌫ ‘holy, holy one’ Col1.12 E32/2v; E23; E24c2.8, 16; E26/31r9; E27/22r7*, 16*, 25v21;
E28/17v26 (cf. Mt9.13 etc.); ~ *wbn⌫, f. *wbnyt⌫ ‘blessed, blessed one’ E23; E24c1.16, c2.6,
14; E29/8r8; ~ zdyq⌫ ‘righteous, righteous person’ Ps11.7* (rest.!); E27/40v9, 60r20; E28/
12v11, 14r14; ~ d-*ybwt⌫ ‘of grace’ E28/3r26; ≈ zdyqwt⌫ ‘righteousness’ Ps11.7* (rest.!); ~
n)y ⌫ ‘victorious one’ E23.96, 109; ~ gbr⌫ d-⌫lh⌫ ‘man of God’ E23.107; ~ dkyt⌫ (= dky p al
pass. pt. f.) ‘pure (woman)’ E27/12v12. Voc. sg. f. (yrqcy ‘virtuous (lady)’ ~ mrty ‘my lady’
(addressing St Helen) E24c1.40.
—Forms: (yr⌫qty E28/8r17; (yrqt✏ E27/40v9; (yrqty E23; E24; E27; E28; voc. sg. m. ((yr⌫q)t⌫
Lk19.17 E5/125r; (yrqt⌫ E21v6*; f. *(yr⌫qc E29/8r8 (MS °cy!); (yrqc E24c1.16, 81; E27/
68r17; (yrqtc E27/12v12; voc. sg. f. (yrqcy E24c1.40; pl. (yrqt✏t E28/1r8, 22A7; (yrqtyt
Col1.12 E32/2v; E26/31r9; E28/12v11, 22A8*; obl. pl. (yrqtyty E26/3v17; E28/14r14, 17v26,
118B4; S (yr⌫kty Ps11.7*, 34.9 (ed. r⌘⌫kty!); Hymn 7; pl. [(yr⌫kty]t Ps11.7.
(yrqty⌫: see (yr⌫qty⌫.
⌫yrn my adj. ‘of good reputation’ E30/6r8*.
⌫yrng ry, ⌫yrng r̈ , ⌫yr ng ry, S ⌫yr nk ry adj. ‘virtuous, righteous’, as m. noun ‘saint’ ~ zdyq⌫
‘righteous’ Ps5.13; E26/28r21; ~ k⌫n⌫ ‘upright’ E24c1.66; ~ *wbn⌫ ‘blessed, saint’ E26/27v10,
28v1*. Phrase zprt ⌫yrng ry ‘holy saint’ ~ qdy(⌫ ‘holy (one)’ E26/27r15; ~ gbr⌫ zdyq⌫
‘righteous man’ E26/28v10.
—Forms: (yr⌫ng⌫ry E26/24r28*, 28v1*; (yrng⌫r̈⌫ E26/25v3, 27v10 (MS (yrng⌫r⌫?), 31v22;
(yrng⌫ry E24c1.66; E26; pl. (yrng⌫ryt E26/27r15, 28r21*; E29/5v15; S pl. (yr⌫nk⌫ryt Ps5.13.
⌫yrw, 2⌫yry adv. ‘well’ ~ *b⌫yt ‘id.’ E26/26v22*, 31v17; ~ (pyr ‘id.’ E23.197; E27/31r23; E28/
12v12.—Cf. (yr, (yr-.
—Forms: (yrw E26/31v17; E27/31r23; (yry E23.197; E26/25r4, 26v22*; E28/12v12.
⌫yrxwzqy f. ‘friendship’: obl. (yrxwzqy⌫y E28/104A7.
⌫yrxwzy, ⌫yr wzy m. ‘well-wisher, friend’: (yrxwzy E24c1.17; E26; pl. ( r wz✏t Lk16.9
E5/48r (~ r m p al act. pt. ‘loving, friend’); (yrxwzyt E26/27v9* (~ byb⌫ ‘friend’).—Cf.
n⌫( r wzy.
1,2
(yry, S 1(yry: see (yr-, (yrw.
3 ̈
⌫yry, S 2⌫yry m. ‘(what is) good, goodness, good things, goods, property; blessing, bliss’ ~ *bt⌫
‘good things’ E27/7v28; E28/1r9, 7v14; ~ *ybwt⌫ ‘goodness’ E27/13r19.—On the expression
S (yry c(w) wy[s]tw⌫⌫(ry) ‘the good things which Thou hast promised’ ~ mẅlkn⌫ ‘promises;
counsels; goods’ in Ps5.11 see Schwartz in BT XXXII, 35.
—Forms: (yr-y E27/7v28, 13r19; (yry E26/3r8, 27r18; E28; acc. sg. (yrw E27/48v19, 54r29,
57v24; E29/1r6; obl. pl. (yr ty E28/77v23; S (yry Ps5.11.
⌫ys num. ‘thirty’ E27/54r28 (~ tltyn ‘id.’, cf. Mt13.23?).
*⌫y-srdy adj. ‘three-year-old’ ~ br tlt (nÿn ‘id.’, lit. ‘son of three years’: [(y]-(s)rdy E29/8v8f.—
Cf. 2(y, srd.
⌫yst num. ‘three hundred’ ~ tltm⌫⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.82; E28/3r19*.
⌫y⌫- vb. ‘to be spread, be diffused’: (y(⌫ 3 sg. impf. E26/8r9.
⌫y⌫q-, ⌫⌫q- m. ‘tear, drop’: nom. sg. (y(qy E36/1v13 (as abl.); nom. pl. (y(qt⌫ E36/1v10* (~
dm⇡t⌫, pl. dm̈⇡⌫ ‘tear’, cf. Lk7.38); acc. pl. ((qt⌫ E19v2.
⌫yts num. ‘thirteen’ ~ tlt⇡sr ‘id.’ E47A15.
*⌫ywl GN ‘Sheol, underworld’: (()[ywl] E27/40v2 (~ tmn ‘there’—the preceding sentence
shows that this refers to Sheol).
-t 2nd pers. pron., acc. sg. encl. ‘you’ E30/4r14 (qyt).—Cf. 2ty.
S t⌫⌘⌫: see t⌫f⌫.
S t⌫⌘⌫s⌫r = t⌫f⌫ + s⌫r.
+⌫br: see +br-.
S t⌫c: see ywt⌫c.
*t dqw⌫sp m. PN ‘D#dgu(asp’: [t⌫d](q)w(sp E27/1r21.
⇠ dsys m. PN ‘Theodosius’ E27/77v13*, 17.
t f , S t ⌦ 2nd pers. pron., acc. sg. ‘you’ ~ -k, -ky ‘id.’ Jn9.17 E5/100v*; Ps32.6*, 50.15; E18r7*,
v9, 11*; E26/26v20, 27r1*, 28v25; E27; E28/14v4; E29/2v8 (cf. Ps2.7); ~ lk ‘id.’ E23.241,
246, 268; E26/25r24; E27/23r28, 69r19, v16; E28/12v27.
—Forms: t⌫f⌫ Jn9.17 E5/100v*; E18r7*, v9, 11*; E23.241, 246, 268; E26/25r24, 28v25, 28*;
E27; E28; E29/2v8; S t⌫⌘⌫ Ps50.15; Frg18.6. Combined: t⌫f⌫s⌫r E26/26v20, 27r1*; t⌫fs⌫ E27;
E28/17r8, 22B17f*, 64B1*; S [t](⌫)⌘⌫s⌫r Ps32.6.
t⌫f⌫s⌫r, t⌫fs⌫ = t⌫f⌫ + s⌫r.
t q c (unknown word) E28/14v21.
1
⇠⇣m✓ (Syr.) ‘twin’ Jn20.24 E5/76v.
t m , 2⇠ m , S t m 1st pers. pron., acc. sg. ‘me’ ~ -y, -ny ‘id.’ Ps50.15, 51.3, 4*; E24c2.23, c3.19;
E27; ~ ly ‘id.’ E27.
—Forms: t⌫m⌫ E23.253; E26/12v14; E27; E28/93B4*; +⌫m⌫ E24c2.23, c3.19; S t⌫m⌫ Ps50.15,
51.3, 4*. Combined: t⌫m⌫s⌫r E26/12v10; t⌫ms⌫ E27/6v14, 69r10*, v30*.
t⌫m⌫s⌫r, t⌫ms⌫ = t⌫m⌫ + s⌫r.
t nm n pron. ‘so-and-so’ E27/57r1 (~ pln ‘id.’); E29/6r14.
t p / tbt- vb. ‘to seal; to sign (with the sign of the Cross)’: 3 sg. pres. t⌫pt E12/2r13; 3 pl. impf.
t⌫pnt E27/77r12 (~ tm p al ‘id.’); 3 sg. tr. pret. [t⌫p]d⌫rt E23.276 (~ id.; cf. Gershevitch 1946,
179). Pp. tbty ‘sealed’: tbty E8r9; E30/1r8*; abl. sg. m. tbt⌫ E27/Nv1*.
t py m. ‘seal, sign, symbol’ ~ tm⌫ ‘id.’ E27/26r21; ~ *wps⌫ ‘symbol’ E27/77r13. Phrase t p
wst n ‘setting the seal’ ~ m tmn⌫ ‘sealer, consummator’ E27/55r23.
—Forms: t⌫p✏ E27/55r23; t⌫p E28/77v27; t⌫py E26/8r5; E27/26r21; E28/19r5, 103v5*; E30/
2r15, 21*; E34v12; acc. sg. t⌫pw E27/77r13.
t⌫r̈⌫, t⌫r⌫qwny, t⌫r̈⌫-mync: see t⌫ry, t⌫rqwny, t⌫rymync.
t rqwny, t r qwny, t rqwn f. ‘darkness’: t⌫r⌫qwny E26/3v7; t⌫rqwn E28/15v3, 18v27; t⌫rqwn
E28/13B16*; t⌫rqwny E27/31r9 (~ (k⌫ ‘id.’), 126r30 (~ byt (ẅk⌫ ‘place of darkness’); E28/
129B4.
t ry, t r̈ adj. and m. noun ‘dark, darkness’ ~ (wk⌫ ‘id.’ Mt6.23 E1/2r; Mt10.27 E5/75v, Lk1.79
E5/6v; E24c1.27; E26/23v5; E27/40v15, 94r22 (x2); E28/4v24, 109v29 (cf. 1 Jn2.11). With
b- ‘to become dark’ ~ (k p al ‘id.’ Lk24.29 E5/72v.
—Forms: t⌫r✏ Lk1.79 E5/6v, Lk24.29 E5/72v; E27/40v15; E28/109v29; t⌫r-y E27/69r22, 94r22
(x2); t⌫r Mt6.23 E1/2r; t⌫ry E20v7; E24c1.27; E26; E27/53r7; E28; yt⌫r-y E27/51v5; acc. sg.
m. t⌫rw E27/51v28; obl. [t](⌫)r✏ Mt10.27 E5/75v; pl. t⌫r̈⌫-t E26/31v31.
t rymync, t r̈ -mync adj. ‘dark, of darkness’: t⌫r̈⌫-mync Col1.13 E32/2v (~ d- (wk⌫ ‘of dark-
ness’); t⌫rymync E24c2.21 (≈ (wk⌫ ‘darkness’).
S t⌫w⌫y: see dwyd.
⇠ wm m. PN ‘Thomas’: +⌫ m⌫ Lk6.15 E5/91v; +⌫wm⌫ Jn20.24 E5/76v.
t wntr compar. adj. ‘mightier’ E28/13B13.
t wnty, t wndy, S t wnty adj. ‘strong, mighty, tremendous’ ~ ⇡(yn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/13v19; ~ syn⌫ ‘id.’
E27/60v31; ~ tqyp⌫ ‘id.’ E27/13v22*, 94v15; ~ yl etpa al pt. ‘strengthened’ E25/1v16; ~ rb⌫
‘great’ E28/23r16 (cf. 2 Kings 6.23). Phrases: t wnty rpsty ‘strong (and) mighty’ ~ syn⌫
‘strong’ E29/4r13 (cf. Dan2.40); t wnty *b-/qt-, S t wnty ⌦- ‘to become strong’ ~ ⇡(n etpa al
‘to be strengthened’ Ps5.12; ~ ⇡ly etpa al ‘to rise up’ E23.170.—Cf. w⌫-t⌫wnt.
—Forms: t⌫wnty E23.170; E27; E28/23r16, 24B22, 82B2; E29/2r3, 4r13; nt⌫wnty E27/94v15;
acc. sg. m. t⌫wntw E27/69r17; f. t⌫wnc E27/60v31; pl. t⌫wndyt E25/1v16; t⌫wnt✏t E28/13B8; S
t⌫wnty Ps5.12.
t wnty f. ‘power, might’ E29/6r10.
S t⌫wy: see dwyd.
t y, 1t m. ‘thief’: t⌫y E26/1r5; t✏ E27/51r31 (~ gnb⌫ ‘id.’ Mt24.43?); obl. pl. t⌫yty E28/19r1.
t ywny f. ‘theft’ E29/1r4* (t⌫ywny ... qwn- ‘to commit theft’ ~ gnb p al ‘to steal’, cf. Ex20.15);
E36/2v3.
t ⇡q ny adj. ‘Arab’: f. t⌫,q⌫nc E26/22A2*.
⇠b r, tb r, S ↵⌦ r noun ‘gift, giving’: +b⌫r Lk16.3 E5/48r (+b⌫r w, ‘to request alms’ ~ dr p al ‘to
go around, beg’); E26; tb⌫r E26/5r7; obl. +b⌫ry E27/51v28*; S ⌘⌫r 12600IIr8.
tb r f. ‘grain’(?) E26/5v17 (~ zr⇡⌫ ‘seed, grain’?—see BT XXXV, 53).
+b⌫r w, = +b⌫r + w, (see 2xw,).
+b⌫rqy⌫: see y⌫n+b⌫rqy⌫.
⇠b r-xw⇡qy f. ‘beggary’ E27/51v9*.

1
tbr-, S *t⌦r- / *t t- vb. ‘to insert’: 3 sg. impf. tybr E27/60v6 (~ ld ap el ‘id.’); S 3 sg. tr. pret.
t( t)[⌫rt](?) Ps19.5 (~ nq( p al ‘to knock in (a peg), pitch (a tent)’).
⇠br-, 2tbr- / ⇠brt, S 2↵⌦r- vb. ‘to give’ ~ yhb/ntl p al ‘id.’ NT+; ~ (kn pa el ‘to bestow’ E27/
31v29; ~ ⇡bd p al ‘to do’ E27/68r4. Passive +brty b-/qt- ~ yhb etp el ‘to be given’ Mt10.19
E5/75r* (rest.!); Lk19.26 E5/125v* (rest.!); E24c2.3; E27; E28/3r23*; itr. pf. +brty x- ~ yhb
p al pass. pt. ‘(to be) given’ Mt19.11 E2/2r*. Phrases: (±b nyq) ywq ⇠br- ‘to give (±divine)
instruction’ ~ ylp pa el ‘to teach’ E25/1r11; E28/14v13* (rest.!); dwrt ⇠br- ‘to give a
greeting’ ~ (lm pa el ‘to salute, greet’ E28/9r10; S w⌦ty ↵⌦r- ‘to give praise’ ~ (b pa el
‘to praise’ Ps5.12*; pcbn⇠ ⇠br- ‘to give answer’ ~ pny pa el + ptgm⌫ ‘to return answer’
E24c1.42, 61; py m ⇠br- ‘to give healing’ ~ ⌫s⌫ pa el ‘to heal’ E23.148; rwx⌫ny q ⇠br- ‘to
give light’ ~ nhr ap el ‘to provide light, enlighten’ Lk1.79 E5/6v; E28/4v29; sn m ⇠br- ‘to
give baptism’ ~ ⇡md ap el ‘to baptize’ E5; E23.69; E24c3.11; E27/57r2; ~ ⇡bd p al + twlmd⌫
‘to perform conversions’ E28/9v29 (cf. also sn⌫m-+bryny as title of John the Baptist); ⇠ty q
⇠br- ‘to give comfort’ ~ lbb pa el ‘to comfort’ E27/60r17; wyc wqy ⇠br-/⇠brt ‘to give wit-
ness’ ~ shd ap el ‘to witness’ E5; E24c1.69f*; E28/7r3* (or ~ p al ‘id.’?), 9v1*; x⌫ wn *⇠br-/
⇠brt ‘to give authority’ ≈ sym p al ‘to appoint (a time)’ Gal4.2 E6/3v; z wr(y) ⇠br- ‘to give
power, give help, assist, accompany’ ~ ⇡dr pa el ‘to help’ Lk10.40 E5/91v; E27/39v9f*
(rest.!); ~ lwy etpa al ‘to accompany’ E26/28r27*; ~ br⌫ + hwy p al ‘to be a companion’
E27/69r16; ≈ ⇡wdrn⌫ ‘help’ E23.178; ⇡n ⇠br- ‘to give advice’ ~ mlk p al ‘to advise’ E27/
104v12*.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. (as subj.) +br⌫m E24c3.11; 2 sg. pres. or opt. +bry E28/16v14, 20r21(?);
E29/4v23; 3 sg. pres. +brty E26/1r16, 27r11; E27/39v10, 104v12*; E28/4v29, 62r5*; 1 pl.
pres. +brym E31r8; 2 pl. pres. +br+⌫ E26/2r12; 3 pl. pres. +brnt E27/57r16; E29/2r8; 1 sg.
pres. dur. +br⌫msq E27/57r2; E28/20r16*, 109v24*; +br⌫msqn Jn1.26 E5/19r, Jn5.31 E5/41r; 2
sg. pres. dur. +br✏sq Jn1.25 E5/19r; E27/51r6; 3 sg. pres. dur. +brtysq Jn3.26 E5/23v*, Jn5.39
E5/41v*; E23.116; +brtysqwn E26/2v25; 2 pl. pres. dur. +brt⌫sq E26/31v16; 3 pl. pres. dur.
+brntqn Jn5.39 E5/41v*; E28/13B4; 1 sg. fut. +br⌫m[q⌫] E27/13r27f; +br⌫mq⌫m E26/25v11;
+br⌫mq⌫n E23.191, A11; +brmq⌫m E29/2v9; +brng⌫ Lk10.35 E5/91r; 2 sg. fut. +br q⌫n E28/
9v1*; +br[y]q⌫n E26/25v9; 3 sg. fut. +brtq⌫n E26/30r20; +brt q⌫ Mt16.26 E5/127r, Lk16.12
E5/48v, Jn1.33 E5/19; +brtyq⌫ Jn16.23 E5/79r; E27/94v22; +brtyq⌫n E26; E28/32B2*, 86B4;
3 pl. fut. +brntq⌫ Mt21.41 E5/38v; 3 sg. #z-impf. +br⌫z E27/60r31; 3 sg. #z-impf. dur. +br⌫sqn
E28/9v29; 2 sg. impf. +⌫bry E26/3r3; 3 sg. impf. +⌫br E23.71; E26/3v11; E27/60r17, Bv24;
E28; E29/1r1, 4v5; 3 pl. impf. +⌫brnt E27/77r13; [+⌫b]rn+ E24c1.70 (ed. ]rn+); 2 sg. opt. +br-y
E27/69v22; +bry E26/30r35; 3 sg. opt. +br✏ Lk12.42 E5/130v; +br E28/96B3(?); +bry
E24c2.15; E26/14v12; 1 pl. opt. +br m Jn1.22 E5/19r; +brym E24c1.42; 3 pl. opt. +br✏nt
E28/9r10; 1 sg. subj. +br⌫n E27/17r4; 2 sg. subj. +br⌫ E28/10v29; 3 sg. subj. +br⌫t Lk1.73, 77
E5/6v, Lk10.40 E5/91v; E23.148; E26/25v19; E27/14v24*, 54r27; E28/14v8*, 13; 1 sg. inj.
+brw Jn1.31, 33 E5/19v; E28/69B1 (or pres. inf.?); 2 pl. inj. tbrt⌫ Col1.10 E32/2v; 3 pl. inj.
+brnt E27/1r7; E28/7r3; +brn+ E24c1.61, c3.40; 3 pl. irr. +brwt✏nt E27/69r16; 2 sg. impv.
+br⌫ E23.61*, 98, 178; E26/9v8, 24v16; E27/51r9, 11*, 12*; E28/11r6, 13A20; E29/4v23; 2
pl. impv. +brt⌫ Lk19.24 E5/125v; E27/68r4; 2 sg. fut. impv.(?) +br⌫q⌫ E28/16v16; pres. inf. cn
... +br⌫ E25/1r11; pr (...) +brw Lk1.79 E5/6v; E27/31v29, 48v23; 1 sg. tr. pret. +brd⌫rm Jn1.34
E5/19v; 2 sg. tr. pret. +brd⌫r̈⌫ E26/27r1; +brd⌫ry E23.217; E26/31v21; 3 sg. tr. pret. +brd⌫rt E5;
1Cor11.25 E6/7v, Gal4.2 E6/3v; E23.69; E26/28r5*, 31v8; E27/48v1, 108v3*; E28/17r21*;
+brd⌫t E24c2.1, c3.4; 1 pl. tr. pret. +brd⌫rym E27/102r24; 2 pl. tr. pret. [+b](r)d⌫r (t⌫ Mt25.42
E5/126v; +brd⌫[ry(t⌫] Mt25.35 E5/126r; 3 pl. tr. pret. +brd⌫rnt E27/104v5*; dur. pt. +br✏q
Jn1.28 E5/19v; +bryq E24c3.39 (+bryqwm⌫t); [pres. pt. +bryny, +br✏ny, +br̈yn⌫: see sn⌫m-
+bryny, ,w⌫n-+br̈yn⌫; cf. also S ⌘r⌫yn⌫ky⌫]; S 3 pl. pres. ⌘rnt Ps5.12; 3 sg. subj. ⌘r⌫t E44/
24r1. Pp. ⇠brty ‘given’: +brt✏ E27/40r18; +brty Mt19.11 E2/2r*; Mt10.19 E5/75r*; E24c2.3,
c3.47; E26/42A10*(?); E27/105v8*; E28; E31v22*; f. +brc E27/7r22, 54v22.
+br⌫qy⌫ E27/31v25, †+brqy⌫ E24c3.36: see y⌫n+b⌫rqy⌫.
⇠br mnty m. ‘giving’: acc. +br⌫mntw E27/51r10*.
+bryqwm⌫t = +bryq + wm⌫t (see x-).
tbt-: see t⌫p.
tby,: see +fy,.
̈ ̈
tdy, td adv. ‘there’: td⌫ E25/1v14 (emendation for Hansen’s tr̈⌫ in a lost fragment); E49.1; tdy
E26/24v21 (~ lwth ‘beside him’).
⇠fng noun ‘grain’ E26/5v29 (~ zr⇡⌫ ‘seed, grain’, see BT XXXV, 53-4).
*⇠frty, S *↵⌦rty m. ‘firmament’: ⌘(r)[ty] ~ ⌫rqy⇡⌫ ‘id.’ Ps19.2.
tfxs- vb. ‘to be acquired’: 3 sg. pres. tfxsty E26/2r8*.
⇠fy⇡, tfy⇡, tby⇡ / ⇠fx⌫t-, tfx⌫t- vb. ‘to gain, acquire’ ~ qny p al ‘id.’ Mt16.26 E5/127r; E26/
25v11; E27/31v3, 61r25 (see Cat., 116); ~ qny ap el ‘to cause to acquire, confer’ E28/14v16.
Passive +fx(ty/*tfx(ty b- ~ qny etp el ‘to be acquired’ E28/5r19* (rest.!); ~ kn( etpa al ‘to be
gathered’ E28/12v20.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. or subj. tf✏,t E28/106v8; +f✏,t E28/14v16; 3 sg. pres. +f-y,t E27/61r25;
+fy,t E27/31v3; 1 pl. pres. or opt. [+]fy,✏m E28/34B4; 3 pl. pres. tfy,nt E27/51r25; E28/
23v7 (or impf.?); 2 sg. pres. dur. +fy,ysqwn E26/1r14; 3 sg. fut. tfy,tq⌫n E28/16r10; 2 pl. fut.
[+fy,t](⌫)q⌫n E28/24A27; 3 sg. impf. +✏fy, E27/51v19; 2 sg. opt. tfy,y E26/1r8; 3 sg. opt.
̇
+fy,y E28/16v24*; 3 sg. subj. tb ẓ̌̇t Mt16.26 E5/127r; tfyẓ̌t E28/13A5; 2 sg. impv. *+f-y,
E27/51r12 (MS +f-y(!); pres. inf. (pr )t(fy,) E28/33B6; 1 sg. tr. pret. tfx(d⌫rm E26/2v23;
[+](f)x(d⌫rm E28/69B4; 2 sg. tr. pret. tfx((t)⌫[ry] E27/51r31; pp. tfx(ty E26/5r6; E28/5r19*;
+fx(ty E26/25v11; E28/12v20.
*tfy⇡ mnty m. ‘acquisition’: tf(y)[,⌫mnty] E28/85v28.
t m noun ‘crossing, ford’: t. ⌫m Jn1.28 E5/19v (~ 2⇡br⌫ ‘id.’); t ⌫m Jn3.26 E5/23v (~ id.); pl.
t ⌫mt E28/7v9 (~ m⇡brt⌫ ‘id.’).
t t-, + t-: see 2tys; S t t-: see 1tbr-.
t w, S t w 2nd pers. pron., nom. sg. ‘you’ ~ ⌫nt, -t, f. ⌫nty, -ty ‘id.’ E5+; Ps; ≈ lk ‘to you’ Jn9.15
E5/100r.—Often accompanies 2nd pers. sg. verbal forms, even where there is no correspond-
ing subject pron. in the Syriac.
—Forms: t w passim; S t w Ps; Frg18.1; 12600IIr4. Combined: ⌫ (t w E5; qt (t w Jn9.15
E5/100r.
tqw⌫, ⇠qw⌫ / tqw⌫t, ⇠qw⌫⇠, tqwš t, S *tkw⌫ vb. ‘to look, regard, observe; to look (forward)’ ~
wr p al ‘to look’ E23.224; E26/31r15; E27; E28/7v3, 12v13, 14v5; ~ zy p al ‘to see’
E24c1.52; E28/10r23; ~ dwq p al ‘to look, observe’ E27/31v16; ~ dwq ap el ‘to look out’
E25/1v4; ~ bqy etpa al ‘to observe’ E24c2.9; ~ q)) p al ‘to reckon (a sin against someone),
regard (someone’s sins)’ E24c2.17.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. tqw(t E27/52v3(?); 3 pl. pres. tqw(nt E28/19r14; 1 sg. pres. dur.
tqw(msqwn E26/2v24*; 3 sg. pres. dur. tqw(tqn E28/14v5; 3 sg. fut. tqw(tq⌫n E26/1v20; 3 pl.
#z-impf. [tqw(](⌫z)nt E27/86r2; 3 sg. impf. t✏qw( E27/12r10; tyqw( E27/60r28, v2, 27; 2 sg.
opt. tqw(y E26/1r15; 3 sg. opt. tqw(y E28/10r23; 3 sg. subj. tqwṧ$t E28/110A5; 2 sg. impv.
tqw( E26/1v6; E27/12v16, 51v28*; E28/11r8, 77v27; +qw( E24c2.17, c3.7; 2 pl. impv. tqw(t⌫
E28/23r6, 14; +qw(t⌫ E24c1.52; pres. inf. tq(w()[y] E28/7v3; 3 sg. pres. tr. pot. tqw(t qwnty
E29/1v12; 3 sg. tr. pret. tqw(d⌫rt E23.168, 224; E26/28v12*; tqw(t[d⌫rt] E25/1v4; 3 pl. tr. pret.
tqw(d⌫rnt E26/30r31, 31r15; E28/12v13; +qw(+⌫rn+ E24c2.9, c3.70; past inf. tqwṧ$t E27/
31v16; S 2 sg. impv. [t](k)w( Ps6.5.
*tqw⌫ mnty m. ‘looking’: t(qw(⌫mnty) E28/33B8.
*⇠ly⇠yw⇠ (Syr.) ‘Trinity’: [+](ly)+yw+⌫ E28/4v22.
tm- m. ‘hell’ ~ ghn⌫ ‘Gehenna’ Mt10.28 E5/76r; E28. Phrase [ghn] tm- ‘the hell [Gehenn]a’ ~
ghn⌫ E26/25r27.
—Forms: tmy nom. as acc. sg. E26/5r12, 13; E28/5v27*, 7v13, 19, 8r9; tmw acc. sg. E26/
3r12, 25r27; E27/51v26; tmy gen. sg. E28/5v26; loc. sg. tmy⌫ Mt10.28 E5/76r.
tmb r-myny adj. ‘bodily, corporeal’ ~ pgrny⌫ ‘id.’: pl. tmb⌫r-mynyt E26/24r13*.
tmcyq adj. ‘hellish, of hell’ E28/16v18.
tmp r, tmb r, tm r, S tmp r, tnp r m. ‘body, flesh’ ~ pgr⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; ~ gw(m⌫ ‘body’ E27/
17v3; ~ bsr⌫ ‘flesh’ E27/48r16; E28/3r5*; ≈ pgrn⌫yt ‘in the flesh’ E24c3.8. Phrase S tmp r
*ptmync-/ptmw t- ‘to clothe oneself in a body’ ~ g(m etpa al ‘to become incarnate’ Creed
5.
—Forms: tm⌫r E24c3.8; tmb⌫r E25/1v19*; E26; tmp⌫r Mt6.23 E1/2r; tmp⌫r Mt5.30 E5/28r (MS
tmf⌫r!), Mt10.28 E5/76r* (x2), Lk24.23 E5/72r (altered from obl. °ry, as noted by W. J.
Pittard); E6; E23.350*; E27; E28; E29/5r19*; E36/2v5; obl. tmb⌫ry E26; tmp⌫r Mt6.22 E1/
2r; tmp⌫ry E27/94v4; E28; pl. tmp⌫rt E27/66v10, 91r10*; S tmp⌫r Creed 5; tnp⌫r 12600Iv1*.
tmp rmync adj. ‘of the body, of the flesh, bodily, corporeal’ ~ pgrny⌫ ‘bodily’ E27/40r10; E28/
5r18; ~ mtrg(n⌫ ‘perceptible by the senses’; ≈ pgr⌫ ‘body’ E28/8v5; ≈ bsr⌫ ‘flesh’ Rom11.14
E6/5v*.—Cf. n⌫-tmp⌫rmync.
—Forms: tmp⌫rmync Rom11.14 E6/5v*; E28/5r18, 48r28*, 68v12*; pl. tmp⌫rmy(t E27/
31v18, 40r10; E28/8v5*.
⇠mwz (Syr. name of a month) ‘Tammuz’ E26/5v5.
tnmb⌫r E26/2r26: mistake for tmb⌫r.
S tnp⌫r: see tmp⌫r.
tny-, tyn / tyt, tny t vb. ‘to bring, bring in, introduce, insert’ ~ ⇡ll ap el ‘to bring in, insert’ E27/
22r10, 68v23*, 120r6; E28/10r25.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. tynt E26/5r14; 1 sg. impf. tynw E26/8r5; 3 pl. impf. t(✏)[nyn]t E27/
68v23; 3 sg. opt.(?) tyny E40r6; 3 sg. subj. tyny⌫t E27/22r10; 3 pl. inj. tyny⌫nt E27/12r3; 2 pl.
impv. tynt⌫ E28/10r25; 2 sg. tr. pret. tny⌫d⌫ry E27/120r6; 3 sg. tr. pret. tyd⌫rt E26/30r32; tytd⌫rt
E26/30r31.
tny f. ‘gentleness’ in phrase pr tny yty pr nmry q ‘with gentleness and with sweetness’ ~
bsym⌫yt ‘sweetly, pleasantly’ E27/12r13*.—Cf. trn.
tpn f. ‘chest, ark’ E36/1r10 (~ q⌫bwt⌫ ‘(Noah’s) ark’, cf. Gen6.14).
tp m. ‘jar, pitcher’ ~ qrn⌫ ‘horn’ E27/94v21.
tpy rcyq adj. ‘belonging to tonight’, in phrase t° x⌫py ‘tonight, last night’ ~ b-hn⌫ lly⌫ ‘in this
night’ E26/24v35*.
tr-, tyr- vb. ‘to go’ ~ ⌫zl p al ‘id.’ E27/54v21, 120r12; ~ (ny pa el ‘to depart’ E27/60v16.—Cf.
wytr-.
—Forms: 3 pl. fut. trntq⌫ E27/48v11*; 2 sg. opt. tr✏ E27/51r5; 3 sg. opt. tr-y E27/54v21; tyry
E26/14v16*; 1 pl. opt. tr✏m E27/120r12; trym E27/60v16; 3 sg. subj. tr⌫t E27/51r8*; 3 pl. inj.
trnt E26/12v14; 2 sg. impv. tr⌫ E27/51v.
⇠rbw f. PN ‘Tarbo’ E27/66r5, 14, v12*; E28/27r16, 29*.
tr - adj. ‘sharp, swift’ ~ ryp⌫ ‘id.’ E27/68v4. Phrases: pr tr ⌥ p⇠b r, pr tr w p⇠f r ‘in swift
haste’ ~ msrhb⌫yt ‘hastily’ Lk2.16 E3r; E27/12r7; pr tr w p⇠f r tz ‘to make haste’ ~ srhb
quad. = rhb sap el ‘id.’ E28/9v13.
—Forms: nom. sg. m. as acc. tr Lk2.16 E3r; tr y E26/14r11; tr ⌫ nom. sg. f. E27/68v4;
tr w acc. sg. m. E27/12r7; E28/9v13.
tr wy m. ‘sharpness’ ~ l*y(wt⌫ ‘id.’: abl. sg. tr ⌫w⌫ E27/31r15.
tr t- adj. ‘constricted, strait, narrow’ ~ ⌫ly)⌫ ‘id.’: nom. sg. m. tr ty E28/8v22 (as f.), 32B3(?)
(–); nom. sg. f. tr t⌫ E28/8r21.
tr z y adj. ‘oppressed, distressed, poverty-stricken; oppressive(?)’: tr z⌫y Lk24.29 E5/72v (tr z⌫y
*wn-/qt- ‘to press’ ~ ⌫l) p al ‘to urge’); E26/1r16; E28/16v17; pl. tr z⌫yt E26/31v21 (~ ⌫ly)⌫
‘distressed, poverty-stricken’); obl. pl. tr z⌫✏ty E27/51r8.
tr z ywny, tr z wny f. ‘oppression, distress’: tr z⌫wny E26/30v15 (~ ⌫wl)n⌫ ‘id.’); tr z⌫ywny
E26/16v8.
trqy: see w⌫-trqy.
S trmwk m. PN or title(?) 20223r[m].
trn adj. ‘mild’ Mt10.16 E5/75r (trn ṇ̇znt ‘meek (and) mild’ ~ tmym⌫ ‘innocent, guileless’);
E23.185 (~ bsym⌫ ‘sweet, mild’), 187.—Cf. tny⌫.
trnq adv. ‘softly, quietly’ E12/2r3, v9*.
*tr-nwy adj. ‘very new’(?): pl. (t)[r]|(nw t) E28/12v23f.
trs q, ⇠rs q, S trs k adj. and m. noun (i) ‘fearing, one who fears’ ~ d l p al act. pt. ‘id.’, only
Ps22.24*; (ii) ‘Christian’ ~ krs*yn⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E28/10r15, 19*, v29; ~ n)ry⌫ ‘Nazarene’ E27/
7v28*, 30*, 13r16; ~ glyly⌫ ‘Galilean’ E23.174.—Cf. n⌫trs⌫q.
—Forms: trs⌫q E23.174; obl. trs⌫qy E28/99B28; pl. trs⌫qt E26/3r15; E27/7v30*, 55v13*,
65v22*; E28/10r15, 19*, v29 (mistake for trs⌫q); +rs⌫qt E24c3.50, 55, 59; obl. pl. trs⌫qty E27;
S voc. pl. [t](r)s⌫kt⌫[ Ps22.24.
trs q ny, ⇠rs q ny, S trs k ny adj. and noun ‘Christian, of the Christians’ ~ krs*yn⌫ ‘Christian’
E24c3.20; ~ d-kr̈(y)s*yn⌫ ‘of the Christians’ E23.126, 128, 183; E26/25v23; ~ d-n)r̈y⌫ ‘of the
Nazarenes’ E27/23r28.
—Forms: trs ⌫q⌫ny E26/24r16; trs⌫q⌫n✏ E27/23r28; trs⌫q⌫ny E23.126, 128, 183; E26/23v29,
24r30*, 25v23; f. +rs⌫q⌫nc E24c3.20; S trs⌫k⌫ny Creed 12.
trs qy , ⇠rs qy f. ‘Christianity’: trs⌫qy⌫ E23.296; E28/10r18, 19 (MS trsqy⌫!); +rs⌫qy⌫ E24c3.43;
E29/6v7; obl. trs⌫qy⌫y E17r12.
trw ws GN ‘Troy’ E24c1.85.
⇠rwnws (Syr.) ‘altar’ E12/2r14.
trxq- adj. ‘bitter’: nom. sg. m. (as acc. sg. f.) trxqy E31r3*; acc. sg. f. trxq⌫ E27/69r21 (~ mryr⌫
‘id.’), 24* ([trx](q)⌫ p⌫(tfr⌫)s ‘bitter punishment’ ~ (n̈d⌫ w-⌫ẅl)n⌫ ‘tortures and sufferings’).—
Cf. w⌫-trqy.
*trxq⇠ ry m. ‘bowel’ or adj. ‘bilious’(?): [t](r)xq+⌫ry E28/109r29.—Cf. Persian talx-r da
‘bowel’.
trxqy q, trxy q f. ‘bitterness’ ~ mryrwt⌫ ‘id.’: trxqy⌫q E27/68v2; obl. trxy⌫q 1Cor5.8 E6/7r;
trxy⌫qy E28/68v13 (–). Phrase [pr trxqy]( )q ‘with bitterness’ ~ mryr⌫yt ‘bitterly’ E27/39r8.
tsy q f. ‘adultery’, only with wn-/qwn- ‘to commit adultery’: E28/1v8 (~ gyrwt⌫ + pl p al ‘id.’);
E29/1r3 (~ gwr p al ‘id.’, Ex20.14).
t⌫ / *t⌫t- vb. ‘to flee’: 2 sg. pres.(?) t( E28/31B4; 3 sg. fut. t(tq⌫n E28/24B16; 2 pl. impv. t(t⌫
Mt10.23 E5/75v (~ ⇡rq p al ‘id.’); 3 sg. m. itr. pret. t((t)[y](?) E28/65v4 (~ id., less likely ~ rh*
p al ‘to run’).
⇠⌫ry qdym (Syr. name of a month) ‘Former Teshri’ E26/5v10; E41.9* (+(ryqdym).
⇠ty q f. ‘comfort, consolation’, only in phrase ⇠ty q ⇠br- ‘to give comfort’ ~ lbb pa el ‘to
comfort’ E27/60r17.
tw , ⇠w , S tw 2nd pers. pron., obl. sg. ‘you, to you, your’ ~ -k, -ky ‘id.’, lk, lky ‘you, to you’
NT+; Ps; Hymn 9, 9*; ≈ ⌫nty ‘you’ E27/13r25.
—Forms: tw⌫ passim; +w⌫ E24; S tw⌫ Ps; Hymn 9, 9*.
twbyhwn (Syr. opening words of Psalm 119) ‘Blessed are they’: [twbÿhwn E9/1v9 in Syriac
text]; obl. twbyhwn-y E15A8.
twdy m. ‘heap, mass’ E27/17v4 (~ g⌫ ‘assembly, company’), 22v13 (twdy *b-/qt- ‘to become a
mass’ ~ kn( etpa al ‘to gather’ or q(y etpa al ‘to mass’); E28/10r2.
twln m. PN ‘Tolun’ E22.6.
twm vb. ‘to knock’ ~ nq( p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. tr. pret. twmd⌫rt Lk12.36 E5/130r*; E26/28v7.
⇠wnt qc f. ‘grumbling’(?) E28/1v20 (~ Arabic taḏammur ‘complaint’?).
twntr, S twntr noun ‘thunder’: twntr E26/5 passim (in E26/5v7 ~ r⇡m⌫ ‘id.’, Sims-Williams
1995b, 295 n. 33). Phrase S twntr *kwn-/kt- ‘to make thunder’ ~ r⇡m p al ‘to thunder’
Ps29.3.
twp r (noun of unknown meaning) E31v16.
tws GN ‘Tus’ E24c3.30.
twty conj. ‘then, and’ E26/1r23; E29.
twx adv. ‘quickly’ E23.239 (, rt (yr twx ‘fast (and) very quickly’ ~ b-⇡gl ‘quickly’).
*twxmyn m. PN ‘Tohm⌃n’: (t)[wxmyn] E27/11r19*.
twxycq adv. ‘quickly’ E27/68v9 ((yr twxycq ‘very quickly’ ~ b-swrhb⌫ ‘in haste’).
tw⇡ / tw t- vb. ‘to pay, repay’ ~ pr⇡ p al ‘to repay’ Mt16.27 E5/127r; E27/61r19, 68r13,
102v17*.
—Forms: 3 sg. fut. tw,tq⌫ Mt16.27 E5/127r; E27/68r13, 102v17*; tw,tq⌫n E28/23r14; 3 pl.
opt. dur. twẓ̌✏ntqn E28/23r20; 3 sg. subj. twẓ̌̇t E27/51r9; tw,t E27/61r19; 1 sg. tr. pret.
tw d⌫rm E28/93B7.
txm- m. (i) ‘seed, progeny’ ~ zr⇡⌫ ‘id.’ Mt13.24 E5/109v; Gal3.29 E6/3r; E27/54r27 (cf.
Mt13.24); also in phrase nfryty txm- ‘accursed seed’ ~ zyz̈n⌫ ‘tares, thorns’(?) E27/52r9 (cf.
Mt13.25); (ii) pl. ‘relatives’ ~ gns⌫ ‘family’ E27/60r9.
—Forms: nom. sg. txm Mt13.24 E5/109v (as acc.); Gal3.29 E6/3r; txmy E27/54r27; E38B7
(as acc.?); acc. sg. txmw E27/52r9; nom. pl. txmt⌫ E27/60r9. Unclear form: (t)xm[ E28/95B6.
txm nc noun ‘family’ E26/2r8.
tx z vb. ‘to set’ (of the sun) ~ ⇡rb p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. subj. tx✏zt E27/94v18.—Cf. xwr-txyz.
1
t✏: see t⌫y.
2
ty 2nd pers. pron., obl. sg. encl. ‘to you, your’: t E27/31v31, 51v9, 27; ty E26/5r17; E27/51v6.
Combined: qtty E26/1v4.—Cf. -t.
ty⌫ Lk2.20 E3v: see wbty⌫.
tybr: see 1tbr-.
*tybry⇧s-swmtr GN ‘the Sea of Tiberias’: [tybry](↵)s-swm(tr) Jn21.1 E5/80r ~ ym⌫ d- *ybryws

‘id.’ Jn21.1 E5/80r.—Lack of light-stem inflection probably indicates a compound, see
Sundermann 1975, 58.
+✏fy,: see +fy,.
tyqw(: see tqw(.
1
tym, ⇠ym adv. ‘still, yet, again, moreover, furthermore’ ~ twb ‘again’ E5+; ~ ytyr ‘(any) more’
E27/17r4, 24r16. Phrases: ms tym, tym ms ‘moreover’ E11.4*; E26/14r15; E28/7r20 (~ w-
‘and’); tym (...) fy tr ‘yet more’ ~ mlwn ‘all the more, especially’ E27/40r9, 19f, v23; ~ ytyr
E27/69v11; tym prm, tympn ‘still, yet’ ~ ⇡dkyl ‘id.’ E27/48r13; E28/3v16, 12r18; tym sq tr
‘still more’ E26/8v6; E30/3r3*.
—Forms: t m E5; tym Jn16.19, 22 E5/79r, Jn20.21 E5/76v*; E11.4*; E26; E27; E28; E30/
1v8, 3r3; E42B4; +ym E24c1.43. Combined: tympn E27/48r13.
2
tym noun ‘inn, hostel’: t✏m Lk10.34 E5/91r (~ pwtq⌫ ‘inn’); tym E26/14r21; pl. tym+ E24c3.27.
t m-p ⌫ m. ‘inn-keeper’ ~ pwtqy⌫ ‘id.’ Lk10.35 E5/91r.
tympn = 1tym + prm.
tyn, tyny: see tny-.
*tynxwr GN ‘Dinahwar’: [tynxw](r) E27/1r18.
tyr-: see tr-.
1
tys noun ‘entrance’ E27/11r21 (≈ ⇡ll p al ‘to enter’).
2
tys / t t-, ⇠ t-, S tys vb. ‘to enter, go in, come in’ ~ ⇡ll p al ‘id.’ NT+; Ps5.8*, 24.7, 9*; ~ ⇡ll
etpa al ‘to be brought in, enter’ E27/31v14; ~ dwq ap el ‘to appear’ E27/31v11. Phrase
sn my tys ‘to enter baptism’ ~ ⇡md p al ‘to be baptized’ E26/27v9, 16*.
—Forms: 2 sg. pres.(?) tys E28/36r9; 3 sg. pres. tyst E26/1v7; 3 sg. pres. dur. tystq E27/
51v25; 2 sg. fut. tys✏q⌫n E28/18v26; 3 sg. fut. tystq⌫ E28/3v27; 3 sg. impf. tys E26/12r7,
16v15; E27; 3 pl. impf. t snt E27/12r7; tysnt E26/14v8*; E27/60v30, 77v4*; 2 sg. opt. tysy
Mt19.17 E2/2v; 3 sg. opt. tys-y E27/31v14; tysỵ E31r9; 1 pl. opt. tysym E27/11r25; 3 pl. opt.
tysynt E26/27v9; 1 sg. subj. [ty]s⌫n E26/27v16; tysn E27/68r7; 3 sg. subj. tys⌫t E26/31r32; tyst
E28/3v20; 2 sg. impv. tys E23.237; E27/51v11; 2 pl. impv. tyst[⌫] E28/65v11; 3 pl. pres. dur.
itr. pot. t t⌫ bnts[q] E27/22r8; itr. pot.(?) t t⌫[ E26/38B3*; 2 sg. itr. pret. t ty( E26/27r34*,
30r34; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. t t Lk10.38 E5/91r, Lk24.29 E5/72v; t ty E23.126, 180, 242; E28/
10v18; + ty E24c3.1; past inf. t ty E26/28v9; E27/31v11; pp. t t✏ Jn9.21, 23 E5/100v; S 1
sg. pres. tys⌫m Ps5.8*; 3 sg. fut. tyst⌫k⌫n Ps24.9*; tystk⌫n Ps24.7. Pres. part. S ty-sny: obl. pl.
ty-sny-ty 12600IIv10*.
tyspwn GN ‘Ctesiphon’ E27/68v14.
tyt: see tny-.
tyw q, S tyw k noun ‘child’: tyw⌫q E28/55B3; S tyw⌫k Ps19.8 (~ ylwd⌫ ‘infant’).
tyw q-mync adj. ‘childlike’ E23.95 (see BT XLV, 63).
tyw qy f. ‘childhood, youth’ E28/16r14.
tz vb. ‘to hurry’ (itr.): 3 sg. pres. dur. tztqn E28/9v13 (pr tr w p+f⌫r tz ‘to make haste’ ~ srhb
quad. = rhb sap el ‘id.’); 3 sg. #z-impf. dur. tz⌫sqn E28/9v4.
w-: see 2⌫w.
w⌫: elative prefix, often written as a separate word.
w b / w t-, wt-, S w ⌦ / w t- vb. ‘to say, speak, tell’ ~ ⌫mr p al ‘to say, speak’ NT+; Ps12.6,
33.9; ~ mll pa el ‘to speak’ Ps5.7*, 50.19; E24c1.39; E27/77v10* (rest.!); E28/14v11; ~ ydy
ap el ‘to assert, confess’ E24c1.92; ~ (wdy quad.refl. = ydy e⇥tap al ‘to confess’ E27/48r18; ~
rny ap el ‘to cause to think’ E27/94v19; ~ ⇡bd p al ‘to do, make’ E27/57v15. Passive w ty b-
and itr. pf. w ty x- ~ ⌫mr etp el ‘to be said’ Mt5.31 E5/28r*, Mt5.38 E5/28v*, Jn20.24 E5/
76v; E27/39v1, 40r17; E28/4v30.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. w⌫bm E29/3r20; 3 sg. pres. w⌫bt E10/1r4, 2B3; E12; E26/3v16; E27;
E28/4v18*, 16v23; E30/5v3; 1 pl. pres. *w⌫bym E33B9 (MS w⌫bwym); 3 pl. pres. w⌫bnd E10/
1r2, v2*, 3, 2A3; w⌫bnt E28/3r10; E30/4v16, 19; 1 sg. pres. dur. w⌫bmsq Rom11.13 E6/5v*
(w⌫bmsqz↵), Gal4.1 E6/3r; E23.236; E27/31r4, 6, 48r20; E28/7r13*; w⌫bmsqn E26/5r1*;
E27/57v26; E28/18v27, 66r30*; 2 sg. pres. dur. w⌫b✏sq Jn1.22 E5/19r, Jn16.29 E5/79v; E27/
13v25; w⌫bysq E23.197; E24c1.39; E26/15v4*; E27/13v21*; E29/4r3; w⌫bysqn Jn9.17
E5/100v*; E26; E28/9v20; 3 sg. pres. dur. w⌫btsq E23.83; w⌫btq E27/57r1, 2*, 94v19; E28;
w⌫btqn E27; E28; E34v10; 1 pl. pres. dur. w⌫bymsqwn E26/3r15; 3 pl. pres. dur. w⌫bntq
E28/8v12, 13A11; 1 sg. fut. w⌫bm-[q⌫n] Rom6.1 E32/1r; w⌫bng⌫ Jn16.26 E5/79v; w⌫bnq⌫ E27/
55v26; 2 sg. fut. w⌫b✏q⌫ Rom11.19 E6/6r; 3 sg. fut. w⌫btq⌫ E27/69v30; w⌫btq⌫n E28/16r21,
v15; 3 sg. #z-impf. w⌫b⌫z E27; E28/23r9, 10; 3 pl. #z-impf. w⌫b⌫znt E27; 3 sg. #z-impf. dur.
w⌫b⌫sq E26/14r9; 2 sg. impf. w⌫by E29/3v2; 3 sg. impf. w⌫b E5; E26; E27; E28; E36; 1 pl.
impf. w⌫bym E26/8v3; E27/57v15; 3 pl. impf. w⌫bnt Lk2.15 E3r; E5; E26; E27; E28/10r18*,
17v12; E30/2v13*; 3 sg. impf. dur. w⌫bqn E30/2r22*; w⌫bsq E26/16v4; 1 pl. impf. dur.
w⌫bymsq E26/3v14; 2 sg. opt. w⌫by E24c3.8 (mistake for impv.?); E26/1r14; E28/2av16*,
17r9; 3 sg. opt. w⌫by E23.210; 3 pl. opt. w⌫b✏nt E28/10r28; w⌫b-ynt E27/55v23; 3 pl. opt. dur.
w⌫byntq E26/16r21*; w⌫b✏ntqn Lk2.13 E3r; Lk1.66 E5/6r, Lk24.23 E5/72r, Jn9.16 E5/100r;
w⌫byntqn Lk24.34 E5/73r; 1 sg. subj. w⌫bn E28/3r18*, 89A5; 3 sg. subj. w⌫ḅ̇t 1Cor12.21
E6/20v*; E28/14v11; w⌫bt E29/8v3 (or pres.); 3 pl. irr. w⌫bwtynt E28/23v1; 2 sg. impv. w⌫b
E23.136, 238; E24c1.40; E26/1v20, 23*, 16v13; E28/15r6(?); E30/5r8; 2 pl. impv. w⌫bt⌫
Mt6.31 E1/2v; 2 sg. fut. tr. pot. w t⌫ qwnyq⌫n E26/3r19*; 1 sg. tr. pret. wd⌫rm E23.79;
E24c1.94; w d⌫rm Mt24.25 E5/51r*, Jn1.30 E5/19v*, Jn9.27 E5/101r; E28/3r9, 5r23, 7r1*;
E29/8r4*; 2 sg. tr. pret. wd⌫ry E23.199; E24c1.92; [w ](d⌫ry) E27/66r5; 3 sg. tr. pret. wd⌫rd
E23.194; wd⌫rt E23; wd⌫t E24; w d⌫rt E5; E25/1r16, 2A3, 3B2; E26; E27; E28; E29;
w twd⌫rt E26/28r5, 30v26; E29/8r3; 3 pl. tr. pret. wd⌫rnt E23.173; wd⌫rn+ E24; w d⌫rnt E5;
E25/1r18; E26/27r19*, 30r24, 31v25; E27/111v7*, 8*; E29/3v19; E30/2v15; past inf. w ty
E27/12v10; dur. pt. w⌫b✏q Lk24.32 E5/72v, Jn9.16 E5/100r; w⌫byq Jn9.9 E5/100r*; S 2 sg.
pres. w⌫⌘⌫y 12600IIr4*; 3 sg. pres. w⌫(⌘)[t] Ps12.6; 3 pl. pres. [w](⌫)⌘⌫nt Ps5.7; 3 pl. impf.
w⌫⌘⌫nt 20223r6*; 3 sg. opt. w⌫⌘⌫y 12600II v9*; 3 sg. tr. pret. w ⌫rt Ps50.19; w tw-⌫rtw
Ps33.9; 3 pl. tr. pret. w ⌫r⌫nt 20223v3. Pp. w ty ‘said, spoken’: w t✏ Mt5.38 E5/28v*,
Jn20.24 E5/76v; w ty Mt5.31 E5/28r*; E28/4v30, 8r23, 9v19, 18r22; nom. sg. n. w tw E27/
39v1, 40r17, 55v24. Unclear: w⌫[ E10/1v4.
w b mnty m. ‘saying’ E28/12r8.
w⌫bmsqz↵ = w⌫bmsq + zw.
*w brzt elative adj. ‘very high, most high’: [w]⌫(b)rzt E26/2r17.—Cf. brzy.
w⌫bw: see *xwm⌫r-w⌫by.
w c vb. ‘to send; send away, dismiss, release; leave, abandon; let, allow; remit, forgive’ ~ (ry
p al ‘to dismiss’ Mt5.31 E5/28r; ~ (bq p al ‘to leave, abandon; allow; remit, forgive’ E26/
28r18 (‘abandon’); E27/87r17 (‘allow’), 102r29* (‘remit’); E28/2ar8* (rest.!) (‘leave’); ~ yhb
p al ‘to give, allow’ E26/28v9 (‘allow’), 31r32 (‘allow’); E27/1v27* (‘send’). Phrases: bys
w c ‘to subtract’ E41.7; c s r w [c] ‘to let down’ ~ sym p al ‘to put (on the ground)’ E23.227,
228; ⇡w w c ‘to send news’(?) ~ *bb ap el ‘to proclaim’(?) E27/68r3* (see BT XII, 148).
—Forms: 2 sg. pres. w⌫cy E28/16v18; 3 sg. pres.(?) w⌫ct E28/19v4; w⌫(t E27/102r29*; 3 pl.
pres.(?) w⌫cnt E28/122B29; 2 pl. pres. dur. w⌫ct⌫sqn E26/31r32; 1 sg. fut. w⌫cmq⌫ E27/1v27*;
2 pl. fut. w⌫(t.q⌫ E27/68r3*; 3 pl. fut. w⌫cntq⌫ E27/51r30; 3 sg. #z-impf. w⌫c⌫z E28/94A3; 3 sg.
impf. w⌫c E23.228* (restore w⌫[c with Gershevitch 1946, 183); E27/83r4, 87r17; 3 pl. impf.
w⌫cnt E26/12r10; 3 pl. opt. [w⌫]c[ynt] E28/2ar8; 3 sg. subj. w⌫c⌫t E26/28r18; w⌫ct Mt5.31 E5/
28r; 2 sg. impv. w⌫c E23.201, 227* (restore w⌫[c with Gershevitch 1946, 183); E28/80B30(?);
E41.7; 2 pl. impv. *w⌫ct⌫ E28/23r11 (MS wct⌫!); 3 pl. tr. pret. w⌫cd⌫rnt E26/28v9.
w⌫c⌫wqy⌫ E28/7r3: mistake for wyc⌫wqy⌫.
w cn m. ‘market, bazaar’ ~ (wq⌫ ‘id.’ E27/68v7.
w⌫cy⌫: see w⌫n-w⌫cy⌫.
w d m. ‘seat, throne, (bishop’s) see’: obl. w⌫dy E26/3r12; obl. pl. w⌫dty E27/56r32.
w⌫dm = w- (see 2⌫w) + ⌫dm.
w⌫dy: see qwrcw⌫dy, nymy+-w⌫dy, w⌫d, xty⌫q-w⌫dy.
w f adj. and adv. ‘so great, so much, so many, many, such, so’ E24c1.45 (≈ sgy⌫⌫ ‘much’); E26;
E27/25r9 (~ km⌫ ‘how many’), 60r12 (~ hlyn ‘these’), 68r14, 102v18 (~ hkn⌫ ‘so’, London
Add. 12175 and 17165, as Adrian Pirtea kindly informs me); E29/4v15.
w⌫fs: see ⌫wfs.
̈
w fyd, w fyd adj. and adv. ‘so much, such, same; so, thus, likewise’ ~ hkn⌫ ‘so, thus’ Rom6.4, 5
̈
E32/1r; E26/31v11. Phrase w fyd c nw, w fyd( )[ c nw] ‘as, like’ ~ ⌫yk ‘id.’ Col1.11 E32/2v*;
E27/14v21; ~ lpwt ‘according to’ E28/3r13; ~ b-dmwt ‘in the likeness of’ E27/23v15*; ~ ⌫yk
or b-dmwt E27/22v13.
—Forms: w⌫f✏d E27/13v29, 22v13, 23v15; w⌫fyd E24c2.11; E26; E27/12v2, 14v21; E28;
̈
E29/4r8, v9; w⌫fyd⌫ Rom6.4, 5 E32/1r, Col1.11 E32/2v.
*w - wbty elative adj. ‘so glorious’ ~ (b p al pass. pt. ‘glorious’: pl. w⌫-[ wbtyt] E27/48r14.—
Cf. wb.
w wny adj. ‘such’ E28/14v6 (w⌫ wny ... q✏t ‘such a ... which’ ~ ⌫yn⌫ d- ‘that which’), 49v29*;
E30/5v1*, 7.
w⌫m⌫t: see x-.
w⌫myn, S w⌫myn: see ⌫myn w⌫myn.
w myr n noun ‘Coptis teeta’(?) E38A4.
w⌫n: see w⌫nw, w⌫nc⌫nw, w⌫nqt.
̇
w n dem. adj., acc. sg. f. ‘that’ E26/27v1* (w⌫n⌫ ʾp ‘this water’ ~ mÿ⌫ hlyn ‘id.’); E27/31r4, 60v7
(~ hẏ ‘that’); E28/14r9.
S w⌫n⌫kw: see w⌫nw.
w n mry elative adj. ‘too sweet’ E30/4r13 (~ ‘sweet’, SA Arm. B 8).—Cf. n⌫mr⌫wy, nmr-.
w nc nw, w nc n, w n-cn, S w nc nw (i) adv. ‘just as, as, such as, as much as, as if, like, accord-
ing to, as it were’ ~ ⌫yk ‘as, like, according to’ NT+; Ps; ~ ⌫kwt- ‘like’ E26/25r27*; ~ b-dmwt
‘in the likeness of’ E26/32v5*; (ii) conj. ‘as’ ~ ⌫yk d-, ⌫ykn⌫ d- ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 8*; ~ ⌫yk m⌫
d-, ⌫yk hw d- ‘id.’ E24c1.81; E27/111r8*; E28/8r10; ~ d- ‘(in) that’ E28/4r30; ~ km⌫ d- ‘in as
much as’ E28/14r3*(?); ~ kd ‘while, although’ E26/25r23; E27/87r12 (mistake for c⌫nw?—
see BT XII, 163); ~ hkn⌫ ‘thus’ E28/14r1*(?). Phrases: w nc nw ... q(r)⌫ny, S w nc nw ...
kr⌫ny ‘like’ (lit. ‘as in the likeness of’) ~ ⌫yk ‘as, like’ Ps5.10*, 13; E23.165f; E26/24r32,
28v7f*; w nc nw qt ‘as’ ~ ⌫yk d-, ⌫ykn⌫ d-, ⌫yk m⌫ d- ‘id.’ E5 (calque); w nc nw qy ‘id.’ ~ ⌫yk
d- ‘id.’ E26/27r23 (calque); qt w nc nw qt ‘as if’ ~ d-⌫yk d- ‘id.’ Lk24.28 E5/72v (calque).
—Forms: w⌫nc⌫n Rom6.4 E32/1r; E24; w⌫nc⌫nw Lk1.2 E4; E5; Col1.7 E32/2r; E21v5*;
E23.129, 165; E26; E27; E28; w⌫n-cn E23.89; S w⌫nc⌫nw Ps; Creed 8*.
w nqt, w n qt, w nw qt conj. ‘so that, that’ ~ d- ‘id.’ E23.90; E26/27v9*; E27; E28; ~ ⌫yk d-,
⌫ykn⌫ d- ‘so that’ E27; E28; ~ w- ‘and’(!) E27/66v17; ~ m*l d- ‘because’(!) E27/69v20f
(corrupt passage, see BT XII, 150).
—Forms: w⌫nqt E28; E30/6r4; E31r14, v6; w⌫n qt E23.90; E27; E31r9*; w⌫nw qt E26/12v8,
23v25, 27v9*; E27/3v9; E28/9r8f*, 9v7; E34v5.
w⌫nm⌫: see wnm⌫.
w nt dem. adj. and pron., nom.-acc. pl. ‘those’ E27/39r6 (~ ḣnwn ‘id.’), 40v17 (~ kl ‘all’),
60v21; E28/10r20 (~ h wn ‘the’), 26, 17v6*, 16.
w nw, w n, S w nw, w n kw (i) dem. adj., acc. sg. n./f. ‘that’, only E26/2v27; E27/22v8; E28/
12r28, 17r6; (ii) adv. ‘so, thus’ ~ hkn, hkn⌫ ‘id.’ E23.248; E27; E28/5r25. Phrase w nw m y⌫t
‘that is, namely, that is to to say’ (introducing an explanation) ~ hnw dyn ‘id.’ E28/8v24.—In
the NT texts and elsewhere, w⌫nw ‘thus’ is very frequently an addition of the translator,
without equivalent in the Syriac, before verbs meaning ‘to say’ (also ‘to think’, ‘to wish’, ‘to
know’ etc.), in particular where quoted speech follows without introductory qt ‘that’.—Cf.
w⌫nc⌫nw, w⌫nqt, w⌫ny, w⌫nyt.
—Forms: w⌫n E23; E24; E26/3v16, 27r6; E29/8r6, 8, v3; w⌫nw Mt19.18 E2/2v; Lk2.13, 15
E3r; E5; 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; E23.210, 293*; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/6v20*; E34v10; E36; S
w⌫n⌫kw Frg18.1; 20223v6*; w⌫nw Ps50.21; Frg18.4.
w ny dem. adj. and pron., nom.-acc. sg. n./f. ‘that’ E28/5v12* (~ hẏ ‘id.’), 21* (~ id.), 12v19,
16r5, 68v16*.
w n t dem. adj., pl. ‘those’ E28/14v8 (w⌫n✏t ⌫✏ctỵ ... q✏t ‘those things which’ ~ ⌫ylyn d- ‘those
which’).
*w -nywqst elative adj. ‘very deep’ ~ *b ⇡myq⌫ ‘id.’: [w⌫]-nywq(s)t E27/23v20f.—Cf. *n⌫ywq.
w -p r zt elative adj. ‘very excellent’ E26/2r21.
w⌫p⌫t, w⌫pt: see ⌫wpt.
w r, S *w r noun ‘rain’ ~ m*r⌫ ‘id.’ Ps11.6*; E26/5v14 (Sims-Williams 1995b, 295 n. 35), 18 (cf.
ibid., n. 36).—Cf. w⌫rnmpy.
—Forms: w⌫r E26/5v1, 14, 18; E27/48v23*; S [w]⌫r Ps11.6.
w rqwn noun ‘emptiness’ E28/33B10*.
w⌫rms: see ⌫wrms.
w rnmpy m. ‘rainwater’: w⌫rnmpy E28/43B2*; acc. sg. w⌫r-nmpw E27/94v22 (~ m*r⌫ ‘rain’).—
Cf. S nmpy.
w ry, S w ry adj. ‘empty, vain, devoid, bereft’ ~ srq p al pass. pt. ‘empty, vain’ E27/61v16, 23; ~
spq p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E28/2av14; ~ srq pa el pass. pt. ‘empty, devoid (of)’ E27/55v28. With
b- ‘to become empty’ ~ b*l etpa al ‘to fail, become idle’ E27/31r26.
—Forms: w⌫r✏ E28/66v23; w⌫ry E27/31r26; E28/2av14, 100B3; E29/5r18*, 21; E31r21; f.
w⌫rc E27/61v16, 23; E28/13B3, 24A18, 58B5; pl. w⌫r-yt E27/55v28; S w⌫ry 12600IIr5.
w -s rst elative adj. ‘so beautiful’ E27/12r17* (~ hdyr⌫ ‘beautiful’?).—Cf. s⌫rst.
w⌫st, w⌫sty, S w⌫st: see ⌫wsty.
w ⌫ my m. ‘veil’ E27/57r5. Used as an explanatory gloss to the loanword wrr⌫ (~ Syr. ⌫wrr⌫) ‘orar-
ium, cloth, stole’.—See Benveniste 1958, 70-71.
w⌫(t: see 1⌫w(t, w⌫c.
1
w t, S w t m. ‘spirit, ghost’ ~ rw ⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.37, 39 E5/83r; E26/32v3, 7. Usually in the phrase
zprt w t, S ẓ-prt w t ‘the Holy Spirit’ ~ rw ⌫ qdy(⌫ ‘id.’ E26/27v3*; E27/57r9; ~ rw ⌫ d-
qwd(⌫ ‘the Spirit of holiness’ Lk1.67 E5/6r, Jn1.33 E5/19v, Jn20.22 E5/76v; Tit3.5 E6/5r;
Hymn 9*; Creed 5, 11*; E23.70; E26/27r7, 31r28; E27/91v6*; E28/2av7*; ~ rw ⌫ ‘the Spirit’
Lk1.80 E5/6v, Jn1.32, 33 E5/19v; 1Cor12.13 E6/20r (x2); Creed 11 (x2); E27/54v15, 21,
61r23.—Cf. zprt-w⌫t-mync.
—Forms: w⌫t E5; 1Cor12.13 E6/20r (x2); E24c3.48; E26; E27; E28/2av7; E29/6r17; E30/
2r22*; obl. w⌫t✏ E27/54v21; w⌫t Lk24.39 E5/83r; w⌫ty Tit3.5 E6/5r; E23.70; E26/13v9*;
E27; E28/69A14; E33A2, 5*; S w⌫t Hymn 9*; Creed 11 (x3); obl. w⌫ty Creed 5.
2
w t interjection ‘woe! alas!’: w⌫t ~ wy ‘id.’ E27/83v1, 4, 6*; w t w t E26/16v4.—Cf. w⌫y.
w -t wnt elative adj. ‘very strong’ E26/2r20.—Cf. t⌫wnty.
w tmnqy f. ‘spirituality’ E28/18r25, 106r3*.
w tmyc adj. ‘spiritual, of the spirit’: w⌫tmyc E27/31r24 (~ rw n(y)⌫ ‘spiritual’), 61v17 (~ d-rw ⌫
‘of the spirit’); pl. w⌫tmy(t E31v7.—Cf. zprt-w⌫t-mync.
w tmyny, w tmny adj. ‘spiritual, of the spirit’ ~ rw n⌫, rw ny⌫ ‘spiritual’ E27; E28/5v18*, 14v9;
~ d-rw , d-rw ⌫ ‘of the spirit’ E27/61r24, 27; E28/12v9, 14r19.—Cf. zprt-w⌫tmyny.
—Forms: w⌫tmn E28/5v18*, 26B10; w⌫tmny E28/99A27*; w⌫tmyny E28/12v9, 16r26; f.
w⌫tmnyc E28/14r19 (mistake?); w⌫tmync E27; E28; pl. w⌫tmn✏t E27/56v24, 57r25; w⌫tmyn✏t
E27/31r22.
w tny, w tyn̈ adj. ‘spiritual, of the spirit’: w⌫tyn̈⌫ E26/27r12 (~ d-rw ⌫ ‘of the spirit’); pl. w⌫tn t
E28/19r12; w⌫tnyt E26/3r16*, 23v17*, 24 (~ rw n⌫ ‘spiritual’).
w -trqy elative adj. ‘too bitter’ E30/4r15 (~ ‘bitter’, SA Arm. B 8).—Cf. trxq-.
w⌫ts: see ⌫wts.
w⌫tyn̈⌫: see w⌫tny.
w wry, S w wry noun(?), only in phrases w wry wn-, S w wry kwn- ‘to destroy, bring to
nought’ ~ b*l pa el ‘id.’ Ps33.10; E27/66r10, 69r12*, 94v1; E28/8v7, 69A7; w wry b- ‘to
come to nought’ E28/11v5, 16r14, 19v7.
w wry-qryny adj. ‘destroying’ ~ mb*ln⌫ ‘id.’ E28/3v21*.
w⌫xr: see ⌫wxr.
w x⌫, S w x⌫ m./f. ‘word, saying, speech, remark, sentence, verse; thing’ ~ mlt⌫, pl. m̈l⌫ ‘id.’ NT+;
Ps19.4*; ~ ptgm⌫ ‘speech, word’ E27/31v19, 66r16; ~ swkl⌫ ‘meaning’ E27/31v17; ~ mdm
‘thing’ E24c1.68; ~ )bwt⌫ ‘matter, thing’ E24c1.92. Where a Syriac demonstrative is used as a
pron. implying ‘this/that/these word(s)/thing(s)’ w⌫x( is often added to the translation, e.g.
⌫yny w⌫x( ‘this word/thing’ ~ hd⌫ ‘this (thing)’ Jn20.20 E5/76v; E26/24v11, 32r6; ~ hlyn
‘these (things)’ E24c1.90 (x2); E26/25r11*, 31v23. (Similar examples with other demonstrat-
ives: E27/12r6, 40v12f, 54v16, 55v23f, 56r8, 66v1; E28/4r23, 14v7.)
—Forms: w⌫x( Lk2.17 E3v; E5; E23.185, 187; E24; E26; E27; E28; E29/6v23*; E30;
E35B10*; E36/1v16*; E48B4*; obl. w⌫x( Lk1.2 E4*; w⌫x(y E27/31r14, 55v24, 56r8; E28/
14v7, 110A7*, 130v1; pl. w⌫x(t Lk2.19 E3v*; Lk10.39 E5/91r, Lk24.44 E5/83v, Jn15.20 E5/
73v*; E26/1v22, 16r12, 23r9*; E27; E28; E57A3*; obl. pl. w⌫x(ty E27/57r12; E28/7v22*,
14v15; S w⌫x( Frg18.7; pl. w⌫x(t Ps19.4*. Combined: w⌫x(s⌫ Mt19.11 E2/2r*.
*w x⌫- ⌫qrny m. ‘babbler’: pl. w⌫x(-⌫(qrn✏t E28/23r22f (MS °⌫(qr✏nt!).
w⌫x(d⌫rt: see wx(.
w⌫x(s⌫ = w⌫x( + s⌫r.
w⌫xz: see ⌫wxz.
w y interjection ‘woe! alas!’ E28/10v16 (~ wy ‘id.’), 22B.—Cf. 2w⌫t.

w z noun ‘wing’: pl. w⌫zt E26/31r18 (~ ⌫br⌫ ‘id.’); E27/39r2 (~ gp⌫ ‘id.’), 4 (~ id.).
w⌫z⌫m: see ⌫wz⌫m.
w⌫zms: see ⌫wzms.
w -⇡w t elative adv. ‘so sorely’ ~ hkn⌫ *b q(y⌫yt ‘so very sorely’ E27/104r3.—Cf. , w.
wb-: see b-.
wb⌫ E26/30v29: probably mistake for 2wy⌫.
wb w = w- (see 2⌫w) + b w.
wbnty m. ‘snare’ ~ )yd⌫ ‘id.’ E27/12r4.
wbr⌫t = w- (see 2⌫w) + br⌫t.
wbyw: see 2by.
wc q, wc q adv. ‘tomorrow’: ⌫wc⌫q Mt6.30 E1/2v (~ m r ‘id.’); wc⌫q E27/48v17; E28/5r26* (~
id.), 24B29* (rest.!).
wc⌫wqy⌫: see wyc⌫wqy⌫.
wcn-: see wycn-.
wct⌫ E28/23r11: mistake for w⌫ct⌫, see w⌫c.
wcyny: see wycny.
wcyr: see wycyr.
wd-: see wdw.
w-d: see wyd.
wd⌫s: see 2wyd⌫s.
wdrz, S *wrẓ: see wlrz.
wdw, wd- f. ‘wife’ ~ ⌫ntt⌫, pl. n"⌫ ‘wife, woman’ E27. Phrase wdw pryp ‘to take a wife, marry’ ~
(wtp quad.refl. + ⇡m ⌫ntt⌫ ‘to be married with a woman’ E27/102v23.
—Forms: nom.-acc. sg. wdw E26/2r6*, v19 (as abl.), 23*; E27; gen. sg. wdy⌫ E27/91v8.
wdy, S w↵y adv. (i) ‘there, in it’ ~ tmn ‘there’ Mt6.21 E1/2r; Lk6.12 E5/91v, Lk24.23 E5/72r,
Jn2.1 E5/21r*; E23.92; E24c1.88; E26/32v5; E27/87v14, 94v5; E28/7r15, 9v1; ~ bh/bḣ ‘in it’
Mt21.33 E5/38r (x2); E26/28v4; E27; ~ l-kr ‘thither’ E27/26v6*; also in the phrases wdy qw
‘there where’ E26/12r17*, 24v19*, 26r1*; E27/31r20 (~ ⌫yk⌫ d- ‘where’), 48r19 (~ id.); wdy
wy q qw ‘in that place where’ ~ ⌫yk⌫ (±d-) ‘where’ E23.169f; E24c1.55; (ii) ‘then’, only in the
phrases wdy prcy, *wdy p⌫ys ‘thereafter’ E9; E28/17v7, 23*.
—Forms: wd✏ E5; wd-y E27; wd Mt6.21 E1/2r; wdy Mt21.33 E5/38r; E9; E23.92, 169, 173;
E24; E26; E27/26v6, 87r2*; E28; E29/6v16*; E30; E41.4, 8; S wy Ps24.1.
wdywt = w- (see 2⌫w) + dywt.
wfcmbd = w- (see 2⌫w) + fcmbd.
wft: see n⌫-wft.
wfwx⌫r = w- (see 2⌫w) + fwx⌫r.
w mn fc, w mn fc adj. and m. noun ‘foreign, foreigner, stranger’ ~ ⌫ksny⌫ ‘id.’ E5+. Phrase
w mn fc ywp zy ‘foreign guest’ ~ ⌫ksny⌫ E26/28v8.
—Forms: w⌫mn⌫fc E5; E28/5r26, 25B8 ( w⌫m-n⌫fc), 26A8*; w ⌫mn⌫fc E26/28v8, 31v16;
E27; obl. pl. [w ⌫m]n⌫f(ty E27/108r8.
*w mn fcy , w⌫mn⌫fcy⌫ f. ‘foreignness, being a stranger’: w⌫mn⌫fcy⌫ E28/26A8; [w ⌫mn⌫fcy]⌫
E27/60r8 (~ ⌫ksnywt⌫ ‘id.’).
w my, w my adj. and m. noun ‘strange, foreign; foreigner, stranger’ ~ nwkry⌫ ‘id.’ E26/30v16;
E27/48r4; ~ br⌫ ‘neighbour; someone else’ E29/1r6 (cf. Ex20.17).
—Forms: w⌫my E26/16r5*; E28/17r4; w ⌫my E26/30v16; E29/1r6, 2r4; pl. w ⌫m-yt E27/
51r8*; obl. pl. w ⌫m-[yty] E27/48r4.
w n- f. ‘famine’: nom. sg. w n⌫ E26/5v3 (emendation for Hansen’s mn⌫ in a lost fragment), 4 (~
kpn⌫ ‘hunger, famine’, see BT XXXV, 51).
w r s / w r t, wr t vb. ‘to be awake’ ~ ⇡yr p al ‘to wake, watch’ (itr.) Lk12.37 E5/130r; ~ ⇡yr
ettap al ‘to wake, bestir oneself’ E27/104r4; ~ (hr p al ‘to wake, keep vigil’ E27/51r28 (?—
cf. BT XII, 97).
—Forms: 2 pl. impv. w r⌫stt E27/48r27. Pp. w r ty, wr ty ‘awake, wakeful’: w r⌫ty E27/
51r28; E28/11v24, 16v9; pl. wr⌫t✏t Lk12.37 E5/130r; w r⌫tyt E27/104r4.
w r tqwny f. ‘wakefulness, vigil’ E27/102r28 (~ (hr⌫ ‘vigil’); E28/16r24*.
w r tqy f. ‘id.’: obl. w r⌫tqy⌫y E28/74r[m]*.
w ry⌫ vb. ‘to waken, arouse’ ~ ⇡yr ap el ‘id.’ E27/39r13f, 40r12, 83r10; ~ zw⇡ ap el ‘to stir up,
arouse’ E28/8v28.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. w ry(t E27/40r12; 3 sg. impf. wy ry( E27/83r10; 3 sg. opt. w r ( E28/
8v28; 2 sg. impv. w r✏( E28/11r22; 3 sg. tr. pret. w r-(y)(-[d⌫rt] E27/39r13f.
1,2
w (: see ⌫wx(, wx(.
1
w ⌫-, 1 w⌫- m. ‘joy’: nom. sg.(?) w(y E28/118B8*; w (y E35B5*; nom. as acc. sg. w (
E35B3*; acc. sg. w (w E27/12v8.
2
w ⌫-, 2 w⌫-, ⌫- vb. ‘to rejoice’ ~ dy p al ‘id.’ Jn14.28 E2/1r; Jn16.20, 22 E5/79r, Jn20.20 E5/
76v; E27; E28/5v25*, 7v15.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. .(ty E28/19r18; w(ty E28/7v15, 16v9, 38v3; w (ty E27/61v27; 3 pl.
pres. w(nt E31r18; w (nt E28/5v25*; 1 sg. pres. dur. w (⌫(ms)[q] E35B3; 2 sg. pres. dur.
w (ysq E27/51v23; 3 sg. fut. w(t q⌫ Jn16.20, 22 E5/79r; 3 pl. fut. w (ntq⌫ E27/105v6; 3 sg.
#z-impf. w (⌫z E27/87r12*; 3 pl. #z-impf. w (⌫znt E27/12v8; 3 sg. impf. (w)[y (] E27/86v2;
2 sg. impv. w (⌫ E27/51r9, v8; 3 pl. tr. pret. w(d⌫rnt Jn20.20 E5/76v; dur. pt. w(y[q]
Jn14.28 E2/1r.
w t-, S w t-: see w⌫b.
wlrz, wdrz, wyrrz, S *w↵rẓ vb. ‘to tremble’ ~ zw⇡ ettap al ‘to be shaken, tremble’ Lk24.38 E5/
83r; Ps6.4* (rest.!); ~ r⇡l p al ‘to tremble’ E28/7r18*.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. wlrzt E24c2.1; 2 pl. pres. dur. wdrzt⌫sqn Lk24.38 E5/83r; 3 pl. pres. dur.
wyrrzntq 3 pl. pres. dur. E28/7r18*; S 3 sg. tr. pret. [wrẓ-⌫r]t Ps6.4*.
wm⌫n = w- (see 2⌫w) + m⌫n.
1
wm⌫t, wm⌫+: see x-.
2
wm⌫t = w- (see 2⌫w) + 2m⌫t.
1
wn- f. ‘tree’ ~ ⌫yln⌫ ‘id.’ E23.112, 120, 169; E27/27v20.
—Forms: nom.-acc. sg. wn⌫ E23.112, 120, 169; E26/10v6; E20v5 (as gen.); gen. sg. wny⌫
E36/1r9, 2r15; gen. sg. as acc. wn ⌫ E36/3v11; abl. sg. wny⌫ E26/10v6*; nom.-acc. pl. wnt⌫
E26/12v36; E27/27v20; gen.-loc.-abl. pl. wnty⌫ E26/44B4*.
2
wn-, qwn- / qt-, S kwn- / kt- vb. ‘to do, make, commit, perform, cause; to put’ ~ ⇡bd p al ‘to do,
make, commit, perform, cause’ NT+; Ps34.15, 51.6; ~ ⇡bd ap el ‘to cause, effect’ E27/31v13;
~ nb⇡ ap el ‘to bring forth’ Ps19.3; ~ s⇡r p al ‘to do’ E25/1v11, 18; E26/24v16, 26r23*; E27; ~
pl p al ‘to work, perform, commit’ E27/40v22; E28/1v8, 2av13; ~ rq⇡ p al ‘to establish’
E26/29v2; ~ (m( pa el ‘to serve, perform (someone’s will)’ E26/26r11.—Passive qty b- ~ ⇡bd
ap el pass. pt. ‘to be performed’ E28/1r14; ~ hwy p al ‘to be, happen’ E27/22r15*; ≈ ⇡bd p al
E27/55v21.—Potential qt⌫/qtw (q)wn-/qt-, qt⌫wn ‘to be able to do’ ~ (k ap el ‘to be able’ E5;
Rom11.23 E6/6v*, 1Cor12.21 E6/20v* (both rest.!); E24c1.61; E26/31r17; E27/94r30; E28; ~
m)y p al ‘id.’ E24c1.84; E27/13v27, 60v18, 61v27; E28/4v20*; ~ m)y etp el ‘id.’ E27/12r9; ~
(dl p al or pa el ‘to entice’(!) E23.185.—Phrase wxr wn- ‘to shout, make a noise’, lit. ‘to
make voice’ ~ yhb p al + ql⌫ ‘id.’, lit. ‘to give voice’ (SyrLex, 566a, meaning 1p) E27/
23v14.—This verb is also used as the auxiliary of the tr. pot. and in many other phrases with
nouns, adjectives and adverbs; the relevant forms are included in the list below, but in general
the Syr. equivalents of such expressions should be sought under the principal word. As auxi-
liary of the tr. pot. wn- can translate (k ap el pt. ‘to be able/possible’ (+ subordinate clause),
e.g. E27/31r22, v13.—Cf. b-/qt-.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. (as subj.) qwn⌫m E23.93*, 94* (BT XLV, 63), 303; E26/24v31; E29/
8r10; wn⌫m Lk16.3 E5/48r; 2 sg. pres. [E23.292, ed. q[wny], rather q[+⌫ry]]; wny E27/
12v14*; 2 sg. pres. wny E28/2av10, 12r26; 3 sg. pres. qwnty E26/1r4, 12; E29/1v12*; wnt
Lk16.13 E5/48v; wnty E27; E28; 1 pl. pres.(?) wn✏m E28/20v17, 22A3, 3*, 16; wn m
1Cor5.8 E6/7r; E28/20v9*; 3 pl. pres. qwnnt E26/26r11; E29/2r8*; wnnt E27; E28; 1 sg. pres.
dur. wn⌫msq Jn14.12 E5/78r*, Jn17.26 E5/83r; E28/7v7; wn⌫msqn E28/22B9; 3 sg. pres. dur.
qwntysq E26/15v1*; qwntysqn E26/2v25; [qwn]tẏsqwn E26/32r3; [wntq E27/31v13: see
*⌫wysn⌫y]; wnt sq Lk12.43 E5/130v; E28/34A4*; wntysq E27; E28/1v8, 14r1; 1 pl. pres. dur.
qwnymsq E30/1v14; qwnym-sqwn E26/31v17; [wny](ms)q E27/57r31; 3 pl. pres. dur.
qwnntq E26/23r6; qwnntsq E29/6v14; wnntq E27/48v8, 120v5; wnntqn E28/13B11, 36v3*; 1
sg. fut. qwn⌫mq⌫n E23; E26/1v21, 24v16*, 28r2f*; E29/8r5*, v2*, 6*; wn⌫mq⌫ E27/13r29, 30;
-wng⌫ Jn16.25 E5/79v (ny,twng⌫); wnq⌫ Lk16.4 E5/48r; wnnq⌫ E27; 2 sg. fut. qwnyq⌫n E26/
3r19, 8v4, 15v6; 2 sg. fut. wn✏q⌫n E28/33A12; 3 sg. fut. qwntyq⌫n E26/1r11, 12; wnt q⌫ E5;
wntyq⌫ Mt10.28 E5/76r* (nystwntyq⌫); E27; wntyq⌫n E28; 1 pl. fut. wn mq⌫ Mt17.4 E5/127v;
3 pl. fut. qwnntq⌫n E29/4r15; 3 sg. #z-impf. wn⌫z E28/23r8, 95A5; 3 pl. #z-impf. wn(⌫)[znt]
E27/56r30; 3 sg. impf. qwn⌫ E26; E43B3*(?); wn⌫ E26/5r11, 12; E28/65v6*(?); 3 pl. impf.
qwnt E20v4; 3 pl. impf. act./mid. wnntnt E27/12v29, 27r26*; 2 sg. impf. mid. wnty E27/
5v30*, 30; 3 sg. impf. mid. qwnt⌫ E36/1v9 (ed. qwnt⌫((c.), read qwnt⌫ ((✏) .⌫. with Cat.); wnt⌫
E27; 3 pl. impf. mid. wntnt E27; 3 sg. impf. dur. qwn⌫sq E26/14r5, v4; 2 sg. opt.(?) qwny
E26/1v23; wn E28/112B3; wny E31r12; 3 sg. opt. qwny E26/3r26; E29/6r1*; wn✏ E27;
E28/1r4; wn-y E27/87r14; wn E28/1r15; wny 1Cor1.27 E6/12v; E28; 1 pl. opt. qwnym E29/
3r19, 5v14; wn✏m E28/23v9; wnym E26/3v24; E27/104v4*; E28/4r20, 5r21, 20v14, 15*; 3
pl. opt. wn✏nt E27/13v28, 29 (MS wn✏nnt!); E28/11v10, 18v20; wn-ynt E27/55r18; wnyn-t
E28/23r3; wnyn̤t E34v5; 1 sg. opt. mid. wnytw E26/2v27*; 3 sg. opt. mid. wn✏t E28/78A5; 3
sg. opt. dur. qwn✏sq E26/16v8*; 3 pl. opt. dur. qwnyntq E26/10r7, 14v9; wn✏ntqn E28/
17v13, 23r24 (MS wnn-tqn); 1 sg. subj. qwn⌫m x⌫t E26/16r17; wn⌫n E27/52v16, 102v16*;
E28/2av13, 13A9; 3 sg. subj. qwn⌫t E24c1.6; E26/2r11, 12v5; E29/4v14, 6r3; wn⌫t E5; E27;
E28; E31v15; 1 sg. inj. qwnw E26/2v15*, 28r8; wnw E27/102v24; 2 pl. inj. ẉ̇nt⌫ Lk13.3 E5/
34r; wnt⌫ Jn20.23 E5/76v; 3 pl. inj. qwn+ (for *qwnn+) E24c1.21; wnnt E27/12r4; 2 sg. irr.
wnwt⌫ E27/69r15; 3 sg. irr. wnwt✏ Jn9.32 E5/101v; E27/60r22; 2 sg. impv. qwn⌫ Lk10.37
E5/91r*; E23; E24c2.19, 20, 23; E26; E29; E38A6; wn⌫ E9/1r9, 13; E19r1; E27; E28; 2 pl.
impv. qwnt⌫ E29; qwn+⌫ E26/8v9, 42A3; wnt⌫ Lk16.9 E5/48r, Jn1.23 E5/19r*; 1Cor11.24 E6/
7v; E26/3r6; E28/23r14; wntt⌫ E27/48r30, 68r28, 111v9*; 2 sg. fut. impv. (?—see BT XLII,
227) wn⌫q⌫ E27/13r28; wn⌫q⌫n E28/58A6; pres. inf. pr (...) qrwn Jn9.16 E5/100r; E27/40r9*;
E28; pr qwrwn Jn5.30 E5/41r*; 2 sg. pres. tr. pot. qt⌫ wny E28/2av10; 3 sg. pres. tr. pot.
qt⌫wnt E27/61r16*; qt⌫ wnty E28; 1 pl. pres. tr. pot. qt⌫ qwnym E23.185; 3 pl. pres. tr. pot. qtw
wnnt E27/12r9 (see Sims-Williams 1996, 180 n. 19); qt⌫ wnnt E28/18v21; 1 sg. fut. tr. pot. qt⌫
wn⌫nq⌫ Jn5.30 E5/41r; qt⌫ ẉ̇ṅq̣ ⌫ Lk16.3 E5/48r; 2 sg. fut. tr. pot. qt⌫ wn✏q⌫n E28/33A12; 3 sg.
fut. tr. pot. qt⌫ qwntyq⌫n E26/8v10*; qt⌫wntq⌫ E27/94r30; qt⌫ wnt q⌫ Jn9.16 E5/100r*; qt⌫
wntyq⌫ Mt10.28 E5/76r*;41 Rom11.23 E6/6v*, 1Cor12.21 E6/20v*; E27/13v27; qt⌫ wntyq⌫n
E28/1v3, 36r11, 89A7*; 1 pl. fut. tr. pot. qt⌫ qwnymq⌫n E24c1.84; E26/16r7f*; qt⌫wnymq⌫
E27/60v18, 61v27f*; 2 pl. fut. tr. pot. qt⌫ wnt⌫q⌫ Lk16.13 E5/48v; 3 pl. fut. tr. pot. qt⌫ wnntq⌫
Mt10.28 E5/76r; 3 sg. impf. tr. pot. qt⌫ qwn⌫ E26/16r5*; 3 sg. opt. tr. pot. qt⌫ qwny E26/3r10;
qt⌫ wn✏ Lk16.13 E5/48v; 3 sg. pret. tr. pot. qt⌫ q+⌫rt E29/6r4; 3 pl. pret. tr. pot. qt⌫ q+⌫rnt
Jn21.6 E5/80v*; E26/31r17; E28/2ar2f*; qt⌫ q+⌫rn+ E24c1.61; dur. pt. tr. pot. qt⌫ wn✏q Jn9.33
E5/101v; 1 sg. tr. pret. q+⌫rm Jn16.33 E5/80r*; E23.202; E26/2v26*; E27/69v24, 104v2*;
E28/22B2, 4, 5*; 2 sg. tr. pret. q+⌫ry E23; E25/1v11; E26/15v16*, 26r16; E27/68r14; E28/
15r4, 73r7; qtwd⌫ry E27/23v26f*; 3 sg. tr. pret. q+⌫rd E44/37v4*; q+⌫rt Lk2.15 E3r; Lk1.1 title
E4; E5; Col1.12 E32/2v; E23.73, 290 (misprinted k+⌫rt!), A[m] (see Cat.); E26; E27; E28;
E29/2r4, 5v8, 6r6; E30/2r14; E31v21*; E34v14; E36/2v1, 7, 11; E51B1; q+⌫t E24c1.26,
c3.23; qtwd⌫rt E27/13v19*; 1 pl. tr. pret. q+⌫rym Tit3.5 E6/5r*; E27/102r21; 2 pl. tr. pret.
q+⌫rt⌫ Mt25.40, 43* E5/126v, Mt25.45 E5/127r*; E24c1.25, 26*; q+⌫rtt E27/66r4; q+⌫ry(t⌫
Mt25.40 E5/126v; 3 pl. tr. pret. q+⌫rnd E25/1v18; q+⌫rnt E5; E26/24r30, v24, 29r6;
E27/48v13*, 21, 111v8*; E28; qtwd⌫rnt E27/12r5; past inf. ⌅t⌫ E26/30r33; qt✏ E27/13v15; qty
E28/7v10; E29/6r20; dur. pt. qwnysq E23.268; wn✏q Lk16.14 E5/48v; pres. pt. qwnyny
E24c3.14; [cf. also °qryny in compounds: pc⌫w⌫-qryny, rx-qryny, w⌫wry-qryny, wrcwny-
qryny, wydb⌫ -qryny]; S 3 sg. pres. kwnt⌫y Ps29.9; kwnty Ps; 3 pl. pres.(?) kwnnt 12600IIv3;
1 sg. fut. kwn⌫m-k⌫n Ps50.15; 3 sg. fut. kwnty-k⌫m Ps33.10 (x2); 2 sg. impv. kwn⌫ Ps6.2,
34.15, 51.4*; Hymn 8; 1 sg. tr. pret. k⌫rm Ps51.6; 2 sg. tr. pret. k⌫ry Ps5.6, 7; 3 sg. tr. pret.
k⌫rt Ps19.1*, 29.3. Pp. qty, ⇥t ‘done, made, performed’: ⌅t⌫ E26/21A7; qt✏ Jn20.23 E5/76v;
E27/55v21; qty Lk24.47 E5/83v*; E28; E30/3r11*; E33A7 (1st qty); MIK III/365.4; nom. sg.
f. qc⌫ E27/87r2; pl. qt✏t E28/2ar4, 54B30; qtyt E27/22r15*; E28/16v26, 23r21; E34v8.
wnm , w nm (i) adj. ‘just such’: w⌫nm⌫ E26/27v12 (≈ hkn⌫ ‘thus’); (ii) adv. ‘thus, so’: wnm⌫ E29.
wntn, wndn adj. ‘so great, very great, great’: wndn E26/2r17; wntn E26/2r; E27/40v6 (~ kl
‘all’); E28/23r7*, 27v14; E29/4r1.
wnwnqy f. ‘victory, victoriousness’ ~ zkwt⌫ ‘id.’ E25/1v21; E27/91r4, 108v4; E28/12r6.
—Forms: wnwnqy⌫ E25/1v21; E26/14v7; E27/108v4; E28/10r22*; obl. wnwnqy⌫- E27/91r4;
wnwnqy⌫y E28/12r6.
wnwnqy myc adj. ‘of victory’ ~ d-shdwt⌫ ‘of martyrdom’ E28/9v2*.
wnwny, S wnwny adj. ‘victorious’: wnwn E28/112B3; wnwny E26/3r11; E28/16r18; E34v1;
with x- ‘to be victorious’ ~ zky p al ‘id.’ Ps51.6.
S wnxr: see wxr.
wny: see ny⌫zng-wny, 2wn-, 1,2wyny.
wn✏d E28/98B5: mistake for nw✏d?
wnyq adj. or adv., only in phrase wnyq wn-/qt- ‘to be victorious, conquer, take captive’ ~ zky
p al ‘to conquer’ Jn16.33 E5/80r* (rest.!); ~ (by p al ‘to take captive’ E36/2v7 (cf. Eph4.8).
—Forms: wn q E28/11v10; wnyq E36/2v7, 11.
41
Here one expects *qt qt⌫ wntyq⌫ (~ d-m(k ), but the scribe has omitted a word by haplography. The word omitted
is probably qt (with Barbati 2016, 155) rather than qt⌫ (with Sundermann 1974, 253).
wnyqcyq noun ‘captive, prisoner’: wnyqcyq E27/87r15 (~ (by p al pass. pt. ‘captive’); E28/
103v3; pl. wnyqcyqt E28/12v9 (~ id.); obl. pl. wnyqcyqty E36/2v7 (~ (byt⌫ ‘captivity’, used
as a collective ‘captives’, cf. Eph4.8 citing Ps68.18—see Sundermann 1988, 178 n. 48).
*wnyqy f. ‘captivity, exile’: wn(y)[qy⌫] ~ glwt⌫ ‘id.’ Mt1.11 E1/1v.
wnys⌫ = 1wyny + s⌫r.
wny⇡ vb. ‘to train, direct, correct, improve’: 2 sg. pres. wny,y E26/5r3; 3 sg. pres. mid. wny,t
E28/12r13 (frtr bwt ⌫t wny,tỵ ‘becomes better and improves’ ~ ytyr + tr) etpa al ‘to improve
still more’); 3 sg. pres. dur. wn✏,tq E28/1v14 (~ tr) pa el ‘to direct, make straight’); 2 sg.
opt. wn-y,y E28/18r23; 3 sg. opt. wn✏,y E28/1r20 (~ id.).
wn ⇡ mnty m. ‘correction’ E28/18r21.
wpd⌫t-qryt = w- (see 2⌫w) + pd⌫tqryt.
wprs, wprs, S *wp rs noun ‘question’ E26/3v18. Phrase ( )wprs ps- ‘to ask a question’ ~ (⌫l
pa el ‘to ask’ E27/6r12, 60r17. In E27/7r17 wp(r)[s ...] translates (⌫l etpa al ‘to be ques-
tioned, be interrogated’.
—Forms: ⌫ prs E27/60r17; wprs E26/3v18; E27/6r12, 7r17*; S wp(⌫)[rs] O2497.7.
wr adv. ‘there’ E29/4r21*(?).
wr- f. ‘profit’ ~ rbyt⌫ ‘interest’ Lk19.23 E5/125v; ~ ⇡wtr⌫ ‘riches’ E26/28v35*; ~ ywtrn⌫ ‘profit’
E27/104v15. Phrase wr wn-/qt- ‘to make a profit’ ~ ytr ap el ‘to profit, gain’ Lk19.16, 1842
E5/125r; E28/2ar12; ~ hny etpa al ‘to profit, advantage’ (see ThesSyr, 1024-5) Mt16.26 E5/
127r* (rest.!).—Cf. pw-wr⌫.
—Forms: nom. sg. wr⌫ E28/11r20, 126A27(?), 129B6*(?); acc. sg. wr⌫ Mt16.26 E5/127r*,
Lk19.16, 18 E5/125r; E26/28v35*; E27/48v24; E28/2ar12; abl. sg. wry⌫ E27/104v15; obl.
wr⌫-⌫ Lk19.23 E5/125v.
wr n noun ‘lamb’ ~ ⌫mr⌫ ‘id.’: wr⌫n E18r10; pl. wr⌫nt Mt10.16 E5/75r; obl. pl. wr⌫nty E27/56r26.
*wrcwnqry adj. ‘miracle-working’: [wrcwn](q)ry E26/27v34 (≈ tdmwrt⌫ ‘miracle’).
wrcwny f. ‘miracle, wonder’ ~ tdmwrt⌫, pl. tdmr̈t⌫ ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v; E27.
—Forms: wrcwnẏ⌫ Mt21.42 E5/38v; wrcwny⌫ E26/8v6; E27; E34v6; pl. wrcwn✏t E27/23v27;
wrcwn t E28/106r4.
wrcwny-qr ny adj. ‘miracle-working’: voc. sg. m. wrcwny-qr✏n⌫ E28/9r20 (≈ tdmwrt⌫ ‘mir-
acle’).
wrcy adj. ‘comfortable, content’ E19r2*; E26/25r5 ([w](r)cy⌫ d⌫r ‘to make comfortable’ ~ nw
ap el ‘to give rest, to please’, see BT XXXV, 146); E38B4*.
*wrcy wy m. ‘calm’: wrcy⌫w[y] E28/13B19.
wrd noun ‘rose’ ~ wrd⌫ ‘id.’ E27/68r27*.
wr t-: see wr✏c.
wrq ry adj. ‘profitable, advantageous’ ~ pq , pq ⌫ ‘advantageous, expedient’ E27/40r19, 48r5;
E28/2av12*; ~ ytr ap el pt. ‘profitable’ E28/8v2.
—Forms: wrq⌫r✏ E27/40r19, 48r5; wrq⌫ry E28/2av12*, 8v2; pl. wrq⌫r t E28/23v18.
wrq rystr compar. adj. ‘more profitable’ E28/15r1.
wrqr noun ‘leaf’: wrqr E26/1r10*; E36/1r9 (~ *rp⌫ ‘id.’, cf. Gen8.11); pl. wrqrt E36/2r15 (~ id.,
cf. Gen3.7).
42
Here the text of TES has ⇡bd p al ‘to make’, but several MSS have ⌫wtr (ytr ap el), probably influenced by verse
16. See Sims-Williams 2016, 71.
1
wrn-, wrnw m. ‘faith’ ~ hymnwt⌫ ‘id.’ Gal3.25*, 26 E6/3r, 1Tim2.15 E6/18v*; E24c2.20; E25/
1r12, 21; E27.—Cf. fry-wrny, mnt-wrny.
—Forms: wrnw Gal3.25*, 26 E6/3r, 1Tim2.15 E6/18v*; E24c2.1, 20; E25/1r12, 21; E26/
1r21, 23r21*; E27; E28/19r21, v24, 118A6; E51A3*; nom. sg. wrn E28/24A24 (as acc.);
wrny E17r12; gen. sg. wrn✏ E27/55v21, 61r27; abl. sg. wrn⌫ E27/27r14, 68r15.
2
wrn-, S wrn- vb. ‘to have faith, believe’ ~ hymn quad. ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 1.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. wrn⌫m Jn9.36 E5/101v; 3 sg. pres. wrnty E26/25v17; 1 pl. pres. wrnym
Rom6.8 E32/1v; 3 pl. pres. wrnnt E27/12v20*; 1 sg. pres. dur. wrn⌫msq Jn9.38 E5/101v;
wrn⌫msqn E27/68r9; 2 sg. pres. dur. wrn✏sqn Jn9.35 E5/101v; 1 pl. pres. dur. wrn m-sqn
Jn16.30 E5/79v; wrnymsqn E26/27r21; 2 pl. pres. dur. wrnt⌫sqn Jn5.38 E5/41v*; 1 sg. fut.
wrn⌫mq⌫n E23.142; E26/25v20*; 3 pl. impf. wrnnt E27/17r3, 23r5; 1 pl. impf. dur.
[wrnym]sqn E28/10r19; 2 pl. irr. wrnw-t✏(t⌫ Mt21.32 E5/38r; wrnwty(t⌫ Jn16.27 E5/79v (del-
eted); 2 sg. impv. wrn⌫ E27/51v17; 2 pl. impv. wrnt⌫ Jn16.31 E5/79v; 2 pl. tr. pret. wrnd⌫ry(t⌫
Mt21.32 E5/38r*, Jn16.27 E5/79v; 3 pl. tr. pret. wrnd⌫rnt Mt21.32 E5/38r; E23.65*; E26/
31r30; dur. pt. wrnyq Lk24.41 E5/83v*; S 1 pl. pres. dur. wrnymsk Creed 1.
wrnqy⌫: see mnt-wrnqy⌫.
wrnqyn adj. and noun ‘faithful, believing; believer’ ~ hymn quad. act. pt. ‘id.’ Col1.7 E32/2r;
E27/48r22, 57r16, 68v7; ~ br qym⌫ ‘son of the covenant’ E27/68v22; ≈ hymn quad. pass. pt.
‘trustworthy’ E27/54v24.
—Forms: wrnq-yn E27/68v7; wrnqyn Col1.7 E32/2r; E26/8v5; pl. wrnq-ynt E27/48r22,
68v22; wrnqynt E27/57r16; obl. pl. wrnq-ynty E27/54v24.
wrnw-mync adj. ‘of faith’ E28/19v13.
wrr (Syr.) ‘orarium, cloth, stole’ ~ ⌫wrr⌫ ‘id.’: wr r ⌫ E27/57r27, 29; wrr⌫ E27/57r5.
wrs m. ‘hair (of the head)’ ~ s⇡r⌫ ‘hair’ Mt10.30 E5/76r(?);43 E27/87v4, 91r6; E36/1v12 (cf.
Lk7.38), 14 (cf. id.).
—Forms: wrs E27/87v4, 91r6; E36/1v12; obl. wrs Mt10.30 E5/76r*; wrsy E36/1v14.
*wrt vb. ‘to turn, writhe’(?): 3 sg. impf. dur. [w](r)tsq E26/16v3*.
wrtn noun ‘chariot’ E26/27r33.
wry: see pw-wr⌫.
wr c / wr t-, wyrxt- vb. ‘to pour’: 3 sg. tr. pret. wr d⌫rt Tit3.6 E6/5v (~ ⌫(d p al ‘id.’); wr✏cd⌫rt
Lk10.34 E5/91r (~ n)l p al ‘id.’); 3 pl. tr. pret. wr d⌫rnt E29/6v10. Pp. wyrxty ‘poured’: nom.
sg. f. wyrxc⌫ E27/57v27.
1
wry⇠ noun ‘association, intercourse’. Also in the phrase wry⇠ d r ‘to devote oneself to (pr)’ ~
( etpa al ‘to make use of (b-)’ E28/12r19, 14r27* (see BT XLII, 34-5).—Cf. dw⌫-wry+y.
—Forms: wr✏+ E28/12r19, 74r12; wry+ E28/5v25, 14r27*, 48v30*(?).
2
*wry⇠ / wry⇠t vb. ‘to mix, mingle’ (tr.): pp. pl. wry+t✏t E28/14r22 (in passive wry+ty b- ‘to be
mixed’ ~ l* etpa al ‘id.’).
wrz: see qr,wrz.
wrz⇢yw adj. ‘haughty, arrogant’ ~ (ql pa el pass. pt. ‘id.’: pl. wrz-ywt E27/56r7.
wrz⇢ywy f. ‘pride, arrogance’ E27/54r19, 94r9 (~ rmwt⌫ ‘id.’).
ws⌫: see ⌫wts⌫r.
ws⌫q: see wys⌫q.
ws ty pp. ‘having agreed’ E26/30r19.—Cf. ⌫ws tqy⌫.
43
In this passage, s⇡r⌫ is attested in the Vetus Syra (Sinaiticus) but not in the Peshitta. See Sims-Williams 2016, 67-8.
wsp-, wsprd, S wsp-: see wysp-, wysprd.

wsr⌫pyt: see sr⌫p⌫.
wsyd noun ‘instigation’ E29/4v22.
wsyr vb. ‘to mix’ ~ mzg p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. tr. pret. wsyrd⌫rt E26/31v12.
w⌫- vb. ‘to be hungry’ ~ kpn p al ‘id.’: 1 sg. pres. dur. w(⌫msq E23.99.
w⌫ tq my f. ‘satisfaction’ E28/17r16*.
w(d⌫pr⌫z: see ⌫w(t⌫pr⌫z.
w⌫qyr vb. ‘to open (the eyes)’: 3 sg. impf. wy(q-yr E27/60r14 (~ pt p al ‘to open’); 2 sg. impv.
w(qyr E28/93A10.—Cf. ⌫w(q⌫r-cmqy⌫.
1
w⌫nt noun ‘hunger’ E29/5v12 (≈ kpn p al ‘to hunger’, Mt4.2), 19, 23 (≈ id.).—Cf. ⌫w(nty. This
noun is also attested in Manichaean Sogd. w((⌫)[nd]ṭ-c(()[n⌫] (M1200+R7) and wy(nd-cn⌫
(M121R1), both unpublished, beside w(n-cn⌫ (M121V4) ‘hunger and thirst’.
2
w(nt: see 1wy(nt.
S w(⌫nty: see ⌫w(nty.
w⌫p n adj. ‘brief’ in phrase (±pr) w⌫p n ⇡mnw ‘in a little while’ E27/13v30 (~ qlyl⌫yt ‘shortly,
soon’), 48v16.
w⌫p n-⇡mncyq adj. ‘lasting a short while, brief, temporary’ E28/12r29 (w° fcmbd ‘temporary
world’ ~ ⇡lm zbn⌫ ‘id.’, lit. ‘world of time’), 18r27.
w⌫tm x, w⌫tm x noun ‘heaven, heavenly kingdom, Paradise’ ~ mlkwt⌫ ‘kingdom (of heaven)’
Mt21.31 E5/38r*, Mt25.34 E5/126r; E28; ~ prdys⌫ ‘Paradise’ E23.75. Phrase sm ncyq
( )w⌫tm x ‘heavenly Paradise’ ~ mlkwt⌫ d-(my⌫ ‘kingdom of heaven’ Mt13.24 E5/109v*; E26/
27r11; E27/48r9; E28/7v11; ~ mlkwt⌫ (mynyt⌫ ‘heavenly kingdom’ E24c2.24.
—Forms: ⌫w(tm⌫x E24c2.24; w(tm⌫x Mt13.24 E5/109v*, Mt21.31 E5/38r*, Mt25.34 E5/126r;
E23.75; E26; E27/48v15*; E28; E29/5v17; obl. w(tm⌫xy E26/3r11*, 28v35*; E27/48r9, v25;
E28/118B7. Combined: w(tm⌫xs⌫ E28/3v20, 28, 8r19*.
w⌫tm xcyq adj. ‘heavenly, of heaven’ E26/28r28* (≈ (my⌫ ‘heaven’), 32v4; E28/99B26.
w(tm⌫xs⌫ = w(tm⌫x + s⌫r.
w⌫wq adj. ‘hungry’ ~ kpn⌫ ‘id.’: obl. w(wqy E27/102v27.
w⌫w⌫ noun ‘island’ ~ gzrt⌫ ‘id.’: pl. w(w(t E26/24r19.
*w+p⌫r: see ⌫w+p⌫r.
wtwr: see wytwr.
wtxstyq⌫n E28/1v1: mistake for wxstyq⌫n, see wxs-.
wty f. ‘trouble, difficulty’ E26/2v22, 5r8 (pr wty⌫, possible emendation for Hansen’s prwty⌫ in a
lost fragment).
wxr, S wnxr f. ‘voice, shout, sound, noise, chant, melody’ ~ ql⌫ ‘voice’ E5+; Ps29.3. The sense
‘chant, melody’ (only E10/2A4) is probably calqued on ql⌫, which means both ‘voice’ and
‘chant’.
—Forms: wxr E5; E10/2A4; E20v5*; E23; E26; E27; E29/6r13, v18; obl. wxry E27/60v22;
pl. wxrt E20r2; S wnxr Ps29.3.
S wxr(: see wx(.
wxs- vb. ‘to be left, be allowed, be permitted’: 2 sg. fut. wxsyq⌫ E27/51r29; 3 sg. fut. wxstyq⌫n
E28/1v1 (MS wtxstyq⌫n!) (~ spq p al ‘to be able’), 17.
wx⌫, w ⌫ / wx⌫t, wx⌫t, S wx⌫, wxr⌫ vb. ‘to save, deliver, redeem’ ~ prq p al ‘id.’ Lk1.71 E5/6r;
Col1.13 E32/2v*; Hymn 6; E27/23r28, 60r32, 104r17; ~ p)y pa el ‘id.’ Ps34.7, 8; E27/7r18*
(rest.!); ~ (wzb quad. ‘id.’ E27/23v5. Pres. pt. wx⌫ny as m. noun ‘Saviour’ ~ prwq⌫ ‘id.’
Lk2.11 E3r*; E18r9; E26/31r10; E27/66v4.—Cf. ⌫wx(.
—Forms: 3 sg. fut. wx(tq⌫ E27/104r17; wx(tq⌫m E29/4r20; wx(tq⌫n E28/66v27; 3 sg. impf.
w✏ ( E27/23v5; wyx( E27/60r32; 3 sg. subj. w (t E27/7r18*, 23r28; wẋ̣(⌫t Lk1.71 E5/6r; 2
sg. impv. wx( E28/77v24, 93B5*; 3 sg. pres. dur. tr. pot. wx(t qwntysqn E26/2v25; 3 sg. tr.
pret. ⌫w(x)[(d⌫rt] Col1.13 E32/2v; augmented 3 sg. tr. pret. w⌫x(d⌫rt E21v2; S 3 sg. fut.
wxr(tk⌫m Ps34.8; 2 sg. impv. wx( Hymn 6; 3 sg. tr. pret. wxr(⌫rt Ps34.7. Pres. pt. wx⌫ny as
adj. ‘redeeming’ and m. noun ‘Saviour’: wx(n✏ Lk2.11 E3r*; E26/23r5*; wx(ny E26/31r10;
E29/5v10, 6r15; acc. sg. wx(nw E27/66v4; voc. sg. wx(n⌫ E18r9.
wx⌫ mnty, wx⌫ mndy, S wx⌫ mnty m. ‘salvation’ ~ pwrqn⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.68, 69 E5/6r; Col1.14 E32/
2v*; Creed 5*; E27/40v23, 55r24, 111r6.
—Forms: ⌫w(x)[(⌫mndy] Col1.14 E32/2v*; w(ẋ̣)(⌫mnt✏ Lk1.68 E5/6r; wx(⌫mnt✏ Lk1.69 E5/6r;
E27/55r24; E28/19v4; acc. sg. wx(⌫mnt↵ E27/40v23; wx(⌫mntw E27/111r6; S wx(⌫mnty
Creed 5*.
wx⌫nqy f. ‘redemption’ ~ pwrqn⌫ ‘id.’ E26/31v11.
wxwn- vb. ‘to call, cry out’: wxwnty 3 sg. pres. E27/7r18* (~ qry p al ‘id.’—see BT XLII, 230);
E28/19r9.
*wxwr n m. PN ‘Wuhr#n’: [w](x)wr⌫n E27/1r8.
wxyp+ = 1w- (see 2⌫w) + xyp+.
wy- (or 3wy ?) noun ‘generation, age’: pl. w✏t E27/57v17, 27, 91v7 (~ dr⌫ ‘id.’).
1
wy 3 sg. pers. pron., obl. sg. f. ‘her’ ~ -ḣ, lḣ ‘id.’ E5; 1Tim2.15 E6/18v*; E23; E24c1.62, c3.22,
23; E26/28v20; E27/4v2*, 17r5; E28/27v29.
2
wy , y , y-, S 'Kwy article, obl. ‘the’: wy⌫ E26; E27; E28/69A11; E29/5v16; y⌫ E27; S 'Kwy
12600Ir10*. Combined: ybwstny E27/48r11, 19, 51v6*; ydbr(y)[⌫] E27/48v2; ydbtyq E27/
26r2*, 27r15; ydx(ty⌫ E27/60r2; ydywyd E27; yfcmbdy E27/40v5, 104r7*, 105v4; ym⌫ny
E27/31v11; ym⌫x E27/22r7*; ymyk⌫ E27/94v24; ynm⌫cy E27/23v26; yr⌫+y E27/87v10;
ysmwtry⌫ E27/87v9; yt⌫r-y E27/51v5; yx(py⌫ E27/87v5; yxwbny⌫ E27/48v9; yxyp+ E27/27r1*,
60r23, 68r29; yxyp+y E27/94r19; yxypty E27/61r25; yz⌫t✏-brcy E27/40r21.
1
wy br noun ‘speech, word, Logos’ E29/6r16.
2
wy br vb. ‘to speak’. Only pres. pt. wy bryny ‘speaking, capable of speech’: [wy]⌫bryn✏ E27/
51r19; voc. sg. m. wy⌫br-yn⌫ E27/51r18; pl. wy⌫bryn✏t E27/51r15.
wy brty m. ‘speech, speaking, discourse’: wy⌫brty E28/3v28 (~ m⌫mr⌫ ‘discourse’), 4r19*, 30 (~
id.); wy⌫brty⌫ abl. sg. E26/2v13*.
wy q, S wy k noun (i) ‘place’ ~ dwk⌫, dwkt⌫, pl. dwkÿt⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.28 E5/72v; Rom11.19 E6/6r;
E24c1.96, c2.12; E25/1r15, v3*; E27; E28/3r18, 12r15; ~ ⌫tr⌫ ‘place, country’ Jn16.32 E5/79v;
E26/26v13; E27; E28/7r4, 9r9, v29; ~ byt ‘place’ E28/4v21; ~ gb⌫ ‘side’ E25/1r16; E27/
55v16, 17; ~ dwmy⌫ ‘likeness’(!) E27/57r23; (ii) ‘opportunity’ E31r8, 14 (perhaps as a calque
on ⌫tr⌫, which means both ‘place’ and ‘opportunity’, see BT XLV, 84). Phrases: dwr wy q
‘distant place’ ~ rw q⌫ ‘distance, far away’ E27/68v9; p dy wy qy ‘on the spot, immediately’
E29/6v15; (±ywn/ywny) pr wy q ‘id.’ ~ bḣ b-(⇡t⌫ ‘at that very moment’ Lk24.33 E5/73r*
(rest.!); E23.152, 232; E26/27v25* (rest.!); ~ bh b-⇡dn⌫ ‘id.’ E23.111f; ~ br-(⇡th ‘id.’ E27/
66v5; ~ m d⌫ ‘immediately’ E26/27r23f* (rest.!); yw wy q(y), S yw wy qy ‘in one place,
together’ ~ ⌫k d(⌫), ⌫yk d⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.36 intro E5/83r* (see Cat., 37); Hymn 8; E27/60v30*,
111v8*; E28/7r25*; wdy wy q qw ‘in that place where’ ~ ⌫yk⌫ (±d-) ‘where’ E23.169f;
E24c1.55; wsprd wy q[y] ‘everywhere’ ~ b-kl dwk ‘id.’ E27/40v16; wysprd wy qy qw ‘in
every place where’ ~ kl ⌫yk⌫ d- ‘everywhere that’ E28/7r10.
—Forms: wy⌫q Lk24.28 E5/72v, Jn16.32 E5/79v; Rom11.19 E6/6r; E23; E24c1.55, 96, c2.12;
E25/1r15, 16, v3*; E26; E27; E28; E31r8, 14; E36/3r15*; obl. wy⌫q E28/3r15; wy⌫qy
Lk24.36 intro E5/83r*; E25/1r14*; E26/7v1, 12v5, 9; E27; E28/7r10; E29/1v5, 6v15; S obl.
wy⌫qy Hymn 8.
wy n f. ‘tent’ E27/17v5 (wy⌫n pr+ncn ‘awning of a tent’ ~ m(kn⌫ ‘tent’), 87r11 (~ m(kn⌫).
wy pt t m. ‘lad, youth’ ~ ⇡lym⌫ ‘id.’: obl. wy⌫pt ty E27/77r14.
1
wyc noun ‘tremor, (mental) impulse, prompting’: pl. w✏ct E28/11r24; wy(t E27/51r14*.
2
wyc vb. ‘to tremble, stir’: 3 sg. pres. w ct E28/77v25; 3 pl. pres. w-ycnt E27/31v12 (~ nbh p al
‘to stir, begin to move’); 3 pl. opt. w✏c✏nt E28/5r15 (≈ mw⇡yt⌫ ‘springing up, germination’),
19v10.
wyc mnty m. ‘tremor, stirring, (mental) impulse’: w✏c⌫(m)[nty] E28/8v8 (~ mttzy⇡nwt⌫ ‘mo-
tion’); wyc⌫mnty E28/11r2; pl. wyc⌫mnt✏t E28/12r21f* (~ z ⇡⌫ ‘(mental) impulses’).
wyc⌫t: see ⌫yc⌫t.
wyc wqy , wc wqy f. ‘testimony, witness; martyrdom’ ~ shdwt⌫ ‘id.’ E5; E27/55v21, 64r30*,
68v12. Phrases: wyc wqy pc z ‘to receive martyrdom’ ~ nqy etpa al ‘to be sacrificed’ E28/
9r30; wyc wqy ⇠br-/⇠brt ‘to give witness’ ~ shd ap el ‘to witness’ E5; E24c1.69f*; E28/7r3*
(or ~ shd p al ‘id.’?), 9v1*.
—Forms: wc⌫wqy⌫ E26/3r3*; w c⌫wqy⌫ E5; wyc⌫wqy⌫ Mt10.18 E5/75r; Jn1.19 E5/19r*;
Jn5.34 E5/41v*; E24c1.69; E27; E28/7r3* (MS w⌫c⌫wqy⌫!), 9r30, v1*, 13*.
wyc wy m. ‘witness, martyr’ ~ shd p al act. pt. ‘id.’ E27/48r21, 68v12.—Cf. , m-wycwy.
—Forms: nom.-acc. numv. wyc⌫w⌫ E27/68v12, 69r30; pl. wyc⌫w-yt E27/48r21; wyc⌫wyt E28/
23v1; obl. pl. wyc⌫wyty E8r3, v3f*.
wycn-, wcn-, wcn- / wyct-, wycyt-, wycnt(?), S wyct- vb. ‘to choose, select, elect’ ~ gby p al
‘id.’ Lk6.13, 10.42 E5/91v, Jn15.19 E5/73v*; E24c1.43; ~ gby pa el ‘to select, weed out’
E27/54r25 (cf. Mt13.30). Passive wycty b- ~ gby etp el ‘to be chosen’ E27/55v29. Pp. wycty
as adj. ‘chosen, elect’; also ‘pure’ (calque, see BT XXXII, 45) ~ gby p al pass. pt. ‘id.’
Ps24.4, 32.6*; E26/31v29.
—Forms: 3 sg. subj. wycn⌫t E28/100A5; 2 sg. impv. (wc)[n⌫] E30/6r19; wycn⌫ E27/54r25; 2
pl. impv. wcnt⌫ E24c1.43; 1 sg. tr. pret. [wyc]nd⌫rm Jn15.19 E5/73v; 3 sg. tr. pret. ⌫wcnd⌫rt
1Cor1.27, 28* E6/12v; w cn-d⌫rt Lk10.42 E5/91v; wycnd⌫rt Lk6.13 E5/91v. Pp. wycty,
wycyty, wycnty(?), S wycty: wycty E26/31v29; wycyty E30/1r14*; pl. wycnt✏t (mistake for
wycyt✏t?) E28/1r3; wyctyt E27/55v29; S wycty Ps24.4, 32.6*.
wycny, wcyny, wcny, wt⌫n̈ adj. ‘old’ ~ ⇡tyq⌫ ‘id.’: ⌫wcn✏ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r; ⌫wt(n̈⌫ Rom6.6 E32/
1v; f. wcync E27/55r28; pl. wycnyt E28/16r13 (–).
wycrt adj. ‘exact’ E29/4v2.
wycwy: see , m-wycwy.
wycy⌫t: see ⌫yc⌫t.
wycyr, wc⌥r vb. ‘to explain’: 1 pl. fut. wycy(rymq⌫n)(?) E28/3r7 (~ nhr pa el ‘to elucidate’); 3
sg. impf. wycyr E34v1*; 3 sg. impf. dur. [wycyrsq]n Lk24.32 E5/73r* (~ p(q pa el ‘id.’); 2
sg. impv. wc r E28/8r26 (~ nhr pa el).
wycyr mnty m. ‘explanation’ E27/56r31, v16* (w[ycyr⌫mnty] ~ pw(q⌫ ‘id.’?—see BT XII, 112
note a).
wyd, w⇢d, wy⇠, S wy↵ dem. adj. and pron., mostly acc. ‘that, those’ ~ h↵, hẏ ‘that’ E26/24v17;
E27; E28/4r23; ~ hd⌫ ‘this’ E27/77v9.
—Forms: w-d E27/94v28; w✏d E27; w-yd E27; wyd E26; E27/54v30; E28/4r23; E29/6v9; wy+
E26/25r6; S wy Cross r.
wyd b noun ‘harm’ E27/40r19 (~ nkyn⌫ ‘id.’), 83r7* (wyd⌫b ... wn- ‘to do harm’ ~ sr p al ‘to
harm’); E28/18v19*, 104B5, 9*(?).
wyd bq⇢yn adj. ‘harmed’ E27/40v5 (wyd⌫bq-yn ... *b-/qt- ‘to be harmed’ ~ nky etpa al ‘id.’).
wyd ty adv. ‘at that time, then’ ~ hydyn ‘then’ E5; E27; E28/7v2*; ~ w- ‘and’ E26/32r3; E28/
27r24; ~ br-(⇡th ‘at that moment’ E27/86v3. Phrase wyd ty qt ‘at that time when’ ~ ⌫mty d-
‘when’ Mt10.19 E5/75r*, Jn5.28 E5/41r*, Jn16.25 E5/79r.
—Forms: wyd⌫ t E5; w d⌫[ ty] Jn5.28 E5/41r; wyd⌫ ty Mt25.37 E5/126r*, Lk24.25 E5/
72r*, Jn16.25 E5/79r*; E26/25r11*, 32r3; E27; E28; E29/4r18; E36/3r13, v4, 15*.
wyd⌫r, wyd⌫t: see 2wyn.
1
wyd s noun ‘marvel, wonder, astonishment’ ~ thr⌫ ‘id.’ E26/31r11; E27/61v19, 104r15*; ~ tmh⌫
‘id.’ E28/12v11, 14r15.
2
wyd s, wd s vb. ‘to marvel, be amazed’ ~ dmr etpa al ‘id.’ Lk2.18 E3v* (rest.!); Lk1.63 E5/6r,
Jn5.28 E5/41r, Jn9.30 E5/101r; ~ tmh p al ‘id.’ E23.172; E27/12r8*, v27, 60r10.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. wyd⌫st E28/85r28; 3 pl. pres. dur. wyd⌫snt-sqwn E29/6v13; 3 sg. impf.
wyd⌫s E26/15r7*; E27/60r10; 3 pl. impf. wyd⌫s⌫nt E27/12r8*; wyd⌫snt E27/12v27, 77v2*; 1
pl. opt. wyd⌫sym E28/17r24, v15; 2 pl. impv. w d⌫st⌫ Jn5.28 E5/41r; pres. inf. pr wd⌫s Jn9.30
E5/101r; 3 sg. tr. pret. wyd⌫sd⌫rt E29/4v2; 3 pl. tr. pret. w d⌫sd⌫rnt Lk1.63 E5/6r; wyd⌫sd⌫rnt
Lk2.18 E3v* (rest.!); E23.172.
wyd s wnqy f. ‘marvel, wonder’ E36/2r8 (~ zw⌫ ‘vision’, cf. Lk1.22).
wyd s wny adj. ‘wonderful, amazing’ ~ tmh p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E27. Phrase wyd s-[ w](n)
prb r ‘to recount a wonder’ ~ tmh ap el ‘to astonish’ Lk24.22 E5/72r.
—Forms: wyd⌫s-[ w](n)✏ Lk24.22 E5/72r; [wyd⌫s]| wn✏ E27/126v29f; acc. sg. m.
wyd⌫s wn↵ E27/77v9*; wyd⌫s wnw E27/64r22*; pl. [wyd]⌫s wn✏t E57A3; wyd⌫s wn-yt
E27/23v27; wyd⌫s wnyt E27/23v2*.
wyd snyq adj. ‘wonderful’ ~ thyr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/48r12*.
wyd⌫wc, S wy⌫wc: see wydwc.
wydb noun ‘interpretation, explanation, preaching’ E26/3r5, 31r1; E28/3v11; E29/4r4, 5.
wydb -qryny m. ‘interpreter’ ~ mp(qn⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12r21.
wydbs-: see *wydbz-.
*wydbxs- / wydb t- vb. ‘to be extended, be exposed’: pp. wydb ty E26/31r12 (~ mprsy ‘ex-
posed’); E28/1r10 (~ prys⌫ ‘extended, diffused’).
*wydbz-, wydbs- vb. ‘to cry, call’: 1 pl. pres. dur. wydbsymsqn E21v3; 3 sg. impf. dur.
wyd(b)[zsq] E26/16v3.
wydn m adv. ‘at that time, then’ E26 (mostly without equivalent in the Syriac; possibly ~ w-
‘and’ 27v5, ~ m d⌫ ‘immediately’ 31v23); E29.—Cf. n ⌫m.
wydp t, wydp ty adv. ‘on that occasion, this time, then’ ~ hydyn ‘then’ E28/9; ~ w- ‘and’ E28/
9v26.
—Forms: wydp⌫t E26; w dp⌫ty E28/9r28; wydp⌫ty E27/7v17*; E28/9-10.
wyd⇢sntnyq(?) adj. ‘exposed to view’ E27/57v25.
wydwc, wyd wc, S wy↵ wc f. ‘widow’ ~ ⌫rmlt⌫ ‘id.’ E23.88, 97, 214.
—Forms: wyd⌫wc E23; wydwc E23.88, 104; pl. wydw(t E26/2r13; S wy⌫wc O2497.3.
wydymp , *wydymb f. ‘lightning’: [wydy](m)b⌫ E28/89A6; wydymp⌫ E27/54v25 (~ brq⌫ ‘id.’).

wy ry(: see w ry(.
wy (: see 2w (-, wx(.
1
wyn m. ‘sight, view’: w-yn E27/61v23 (~ zt⌫ ‘id.’), 25; wyn E30/5v10.
2
wyn / wyt, S wyn / wyt vb. ‘to see’ ~ zy p al ‘id.’ NT+; ~ wr p al ‘to look at, observe’
E27/94v7*; E28/9v11; ~ bqy etpa al ‘to observe’ E28/10r12* (rest.!); ~ yd⇡ p al ‘to know’
E24c2.21; with a change of construction ≈ zy etp el + l- ‘to appear to’ E28/9r25; ≈ gly etp el
+ l- ‘to be revealed to’ E26/29r10. Itr. pot. wyt b-, S wyt ⌘- ~ zy etp el ‘to be seen’ Col1.15
E32/2v; Creed 1 (x2); ~ (k p al pass. pt. ‘to be found’ E27/22v16. Other ways of translating
zy etp el ‘to be seen’ are 3 sg. pres. mid. w✏nt✏ E27/54v26*; 3 sg. itr. pret. w✏t E27/5v29;
and perhaps passive wyt[y b-] E26/23v3. In E25/1r14 the 3 sg. #z-impf. dur. wyn⌫sq also
corresponds to zy etp el but it may be that the Sogdian is to be understood as impersonal
‘one used to see’ rather than passive ‘used to be seen’ (see BT XXXII, 180; also ibid., 52 n. 8,
on the similar ambiguity of 3 sg. subj. wyn⌫t, passim in E26/5v). The correspondence of 3 pl.
pres. wynnt to zy etp el in E27/31r13 seems likely to be a mistake.—Cf. n⌫-wyt, 3w✏n✏.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. (as subj.) wyn⌫m E26/25r6; 2 sg. pres. w✏n✏ Jn1.33 E5/19v; 3 sg. pres.
w✏[nt] E27/108v10*; w-ynt E27/31v22; w nt E28/1r7, 11v19; wynt E27/31v13, 94v7*; E30/
5v2; E31v11; 3 pl. pres. w nnt E28/11v2, 7; wynnt E27/31r13 (with passive sense?), 39v6; 3
sg. pres. mid. w(✏)nt(✏) E27/54v26; 1 sg. pres. dur. w✏nmsq E27/24v13; E28/7r11, 15, 20;
w-ynmsq E27/68v32; wynmsq E28/7r10, 16; E29/4r2; [wynm](sqn) Jn9.25 E5/101r; 3 sg.
pres. dur. w(✏)[n](tqn) Jn9.21 E5/100v; wyntqn E30/3r6*; 1 pl. pres. dur. (w)[yny](ms)q E28/
8r9; 2 pl. pres. dur. w✏nt⌫-sqn Mt13.17 E5/109r; wynt⌫sqn Lk24.39 E5/83r; wynt⌫sqwn E26/
30v19*; w-yntsq E27/68r24; 3 pl. pres. dur. w✏nntqn Lk24.37 E5/83r; 1 sg. fut. w✏ng⌫ Jn16.22
E5/79r; w[yn]ng⌫n E26/15r13; 3 sg. fut. [wyntq]⌫ E28/5r20; w ntq⌫n E28/23r13; 2 pl. fut.
w✏nt⌫q⌫ Jn16.19 E5/79r; wynt⌫q⌫ Jn16.19 E5/79r; [wyn+⌫]q⌫n E25/1v1f; 3 pl. fut. [wyn]ntq⌫
Mt16.28 E5/127v; 3 sg. #z-impf. wyn⌫z E27/39r7; 3 sg. #z-impf. dur. wyn⌫sq E25/1r14; 2
sg. impf. wyny E29/3v1; 3 sg. impf. w✏n E27/22r12, 60r9, 64r22*; w-yn E27; wyn E26;
E27/60r5, Lr3*; 3 pl. impf. w✏nnt E27/11r27; w-ynnt E27/12r8, 23r6, 83r8; wynnt E26/8r4*,
14r12*; E27/12r15, v10, 94r25; E28/10v10*, 52r[m]; 3 sg. opt. w✏n✏ E28/7v14; w✏ny
*E36/3v11 (MS w✏nny!); wyn✏ E27/91r7; 1 pl. opt. w✏n✏m Lk2.15 E3r; 3 pl. opt.
[w](✏)[n](✏)[n](t) Mt13.17 E5/109r; w✏n nt E28/11r27; 1 sg. subj. wyn⌫n E26/32r5*; w-ynn
E27/68r7; wynn E30/5v4*; 3 sg. subj. wyn⌫t E26; w✏nt E28/36r5*, 7; w-ynt E27/94r22; wynt
E27/77v14; 3 pl. inj. wynnt E23.218; E27/12v9; E29/6r9; wyn+ (for *wynn+) E24c2.21,
c3.69; 1 sg. irr. wynt↵ E27/60r20; 2 sg. impv. wyn E16A8; E26/25r20*; 2 pl. impv. w✏nt⌫
Lk24.39 E5/83r; w( n)t[⌫] E28/9v11; wynt⌫ E23.211; E28/23r6; pres. inf. pr w✏n E28/18v24;
pr wyn E18r3f; E26/1r15; E27/48r11; 3 sg. pres. tr. pot. w t wnty E28/104A8; 2 sg. fut. tr.
pot. wyt qwnyq⌫n E26/8v4*; 3 sg. pres. itr. pot. wyt bwt Col1.15 E32/2v; E29/4v13; 3 sg. #z-
impf. itr. pot. wyt b⌫z E27/22v16; ? itr. pot. w t (b)[ 48v28; 1 sg. tr. pret. w✏d⌫rm Jn1.32
E5/19v; wyd⌫rm Jn1.34 E5/19v*; E26/16v16, 24v33*; E27/64r24, 104r13*; E28/9r25*; 2 sg.
tr. pret. w✏d⌫r Jn9.37 E5/101v; 3 sg. tr. pret. w✏d⌫rt Jn1.29 E5/19v; E36/1r13*; wyd⌫rt E18r3;
E23; E26; E27/57r31; E28/9v16, 10v25; E29/4r1, 6v12; wyd⌫t E24c3.1, 3; w✏nd⌫rt E36/1v3*,
2r8; wynd⌫rt E26/23r19; 1 pl. tr. pret. w✏d⌫r m Mt25.39 E5/126r, Lk24.23 E5/72r; w d⌫rym
Mt25.44 E5/126v; (wyd)[⌫rym] Mt2.2 E3v; 2 pl. tr. pret. wyd⌫r+⌫ E26/16v15; w✏d⌫ry(t⌫
Mt21.32 E5/38r; (wy)d⌫r[y(t⌫] Jn5.37 E5/41v; 3 pl. tr. pret. w✏d⌫rnt Lk2.20 E3v; Mt13.17 E5/
109r*, Mt21.38 E5/38v, Lk24.24 E5/72r*; wyd⌫rnt Jn20.20 E5/76v; E23.286*; E26; E28/
10r12*; E30/2v7*; E33A6*; wyd⌫rn+ E24c3.71; wynd⌫rnt E26/16v19; wytd⌫rnt E26/30r25; 3

sg. itr. pret. w✏t E27/5v29; [pres. pt. w✏n✏, wynny: see separate entry 3w✏n✏]; pp. w-yty E26/
28v13; wyt[y] E26/23v3; S 1 sg. impf. wynw 20222bv1; 3 pl. opt. wyn⌫y-nt 20223v7; 3 pl. itr.
pot. wyt ⌘nt Creed 1 (x2).
wyn , S wyn kh f. ‘lute, harp’ ~ qytr⌫ ‘id.’: wyn⌫ E27/60v21; S wyn⌫kh Ps33.2.
wyn̈⌫: see 1wyny.
wyn mnty m. ‘seeing, sight, vision, appearance’ ~ zw⌫ ‘id.’ Jn5.37 E5/41v*; ~ zt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/
57v7, 77v9*; E28; ≈ zy p al ‘to see’ E28/2ar17.
—Forms: wyn⌫mnt✏ Jn5.37 E5/41v*; wyn⌫mnty E26/15r29, 23r24; E27/57v7; E28; E30/5v6*;
acc. sg. wyn⌫mntw E27/77v9*; abl. sg. wyn-⌫mnt⌫ E28/109r23; pl. [wy](n)⌫mnt✏t E28/98B4.
wyn ncy f. ‘vision, revelation’ ~ glyn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/77r3*.
wyn ncyq, S wyn ncyk (i) adj. ‘visible, revealed’; as noun ‘(what is) revealed’ ~ glyn⌫ ‘revel-
ation’ E28/12v10; with wn-/qt- ‘to make visible’ ~ gly p al ‘to reveal’ E27/23r10; E28/7v10;
with b-/*qt- ‘to become visible’ ~ zy etp el ‘to appear’ E27/54v28, 57r27, 60v6; E28/5v15; ~
gly etp el ‘to be revealed’ E27/39v8; (ii) adv. ‘openly’ ~ gly⌫yt ‘id.’ Ps12.6.—Cf. wyn⌫wcyq.
—Forms: w-yn⌫ncyq E27/23r10; wyn⌫ncyq E27/54v28, 60v6; E28/7v10, 104A10*; pl.
w-yn⌫ncyqt E27/39v8; wyn⌫ncyqt E27/57r27; E28/5v15; obl. pl. wyn⌫ncyqty E28/12v10; S
wyn⌫ncyk Ps2.6.
wyn ncyqy f. ‘vision, revelation, manifestation’ ~ gly⌫ ‘id.’ E27/39v7; ~ glyn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/48r15,
18*, 104r2; E28/12r1.
—Forms: w-yn⌫ncyqy⌫ E27; wyn⌫ncyqy⌫ E28/12v17; pl. w-yn⌫ncyq✏t E27/48r15; wyn⌫ncyqyt
E27/48r18*; wyn⌫ncyqy✏t E28/12r1.
wyn w vb. ‘to linger’: 2 sg. impv. wyn⌫w E30/5r20 (~ ‘linger’, SA Slav. 32); 3 sg. tr. pret.
w n⌫wd⌫rt Lk6.12 E5/91v (~ ngh ap el ‘to wait till dawn’).
wyn wcyq (i) adj. ‘visible, revealed’ ~ gly p al pass. pt. ‘evident’ E24c1.89; ≈ k⌫mt ‘indeed’
E24c1.54; with wn-/qt- ‘to make visible’ ~ gly p al ‘to reveal’ E26/31r4; E28/9r26f*, 12r25;
~ yd⇡ ap el ‘to inform’ E28/9r27; with b-/qt- ‘to become visible’ ~ zy etp el ‘to appear’
Lk2.13 E3r* (rest.!); Mt17.3 E5/127v, Lk24.34 E5/73r*; E23.115; E26/32v5*; ~ gly etp el ‘to
be revealed’ Tit3.4 E6/5r*; E26/23v1*, 28v3; E28/12v8; (ii) adv. ‘openly’ ~ gly⌫yt ‘id.’
E24c1.41.—Cf. n⌫-wyn⌫wcyq, pw-wyn⌫wcyq, wyn⌫ncyq.
—Forms: w✏n⌫wc q Mt17.3 E5/127v; w n⌫wc[yq] Lk24.34 E5/73r; wyn⌫wc q Tit3.4 E6/5r;
wyn⌫wcyq Lk2.13 E3r*; E23.115; E24c; E26; E28/9r26, 27, 12r25, v8; E29/4r18, 6r8, 10;
E36/2r2, 12*.
wyn wcyqy f. ‘vision, revelation’ ~ zw⌫ ‘id.’ E24c3.2. Phrase pr wyn wcyqy ‘openly’ ~ gly⌫yt
‘id.’ Jn16.29 E5/79v.
wynny: see 3w✏n✏.
1
wyny, wyn̈ , 1wny, S wyny, 1ZKn, ZKny 3 sg. pers. pron., obl. sg. m. ‘him, it, of him, to him,
his, its’ ~ -h ‘id.’, lh ‘him, to him’ NT+; Ps; Creed 4; ~ -ḣ ‘it, its’, lḣ ‘to it’ Lk24.39 E5/83r*;
E27/40; ~ lwth ‘towards him’ E28/14r11; ~ h↵ ‘that (man)’ Jn9.13 E5/100r; ~ hn⌫ ‘this
(man)’ E23.89; E27/1r19(?).
—Forms: wn✏ E5; Tit3.4, 5 E6/5r; Tit3.7 E6/5v; E28/23r8, 25A4; wn Lk12.44 E5/130v;
Gal4.2 E6/3v; E28; wny E5; Col1.14 E32/2v; E26/13v7, 15r29; E28; E31v22; E33B4*, 8;
wyn⌫(!) E25/1v13; E26/23v17; wyn̈⌫/wÿn⌫ Rom6.4 E32/1r; E25/1r10, 18; E26; w✏n✏ E5;
w n✏ Mt2.2 E3v; E5; wyn✏ E5; E27; wyn-y E27/27v22*, 57r2; wyny E5; Rom6.3 E32/1r*,
Rom6.5 E32/1v; E23; E24; E26; E27; E28/1v5, 16v15; E29/1v11, 3r1, 6v21; E30/4r8, 12*,
5v22; E34r10*, v11, 13*; E35B5*; E36/2r1, 9; obl. wn✏ Jn9.13 E5/100r; S wyny 20223r6*;
ZKn Ps; Creed 4; ZKny Ps. Combined: wn s⌫ Gal4.2 E6/3v*; wnys⌫ Mt. 19.11*, 17* E2/2;
E28/3r23, 20r9.
2
wyny, 2wny, n-, S 2ZKn article, obl. ‘the’: n- Lk10.36 E5/91r (nd w d ); Tit3.3 E6/5r
(ndbt q ); E27 passim; E28/4v21 (nb y); wny E26/12v8; E28/18v30; wyny E26; E29/2r7,
4v4, 8; E36/3r5*; S ZKn Ps33.4, 34.8; 12600Ir5, 6, 7, 11*, IIv10.
3
w n , wynny pres. pt. as adj. and m. noun ‘seeing, able to see; spectator’ ~ zy⌫ ‘spectator’
E27/69v15; ~ (mw⇡⌫ ‘listener’ E27/57r14*. Phrase w n /wynny *b-/qt- ‘to become able to
see’ ~ zy etp el + l- ‘id.’ (impersonal construction) Jn9.11*, 15, 15* E5/100r; E23.153; ~ zy
p al ‘to see’ Jn9.18 E5/100v.—Cf. 2wyn.
—Forms: wynny E23.153; w✏n✏ E5; pl. [wy]nn✏t E27/57r14; obl. pl. w-ynn✏ty E27/53r3,
69v15.
4
wyny: see 2wyn.
wyr- m. ‘husband’: nom. sg. wyr-y E27/13r23; abl. sg. wyr⌫ E27/87r5 (~ gbr⌫ ‘man, husband’).
wyr f. ‘saw’ E28/23v2 (≈ nsr etp el ‘to be sawn asunder’, cf. Hebrews 11.37).
wyrq- m. ‘wolf’ ~ d⌫yb⌫, d⌫b⌫ ‘id.’: nom. sg. wyrqy E27/60r23; E28/19r7 (–); pl. wyrq✏(t E27/
12r3; obl. pl. w rq (t Mt10.16 E5/75r; [wyr](qy)((ty) E27/12v4.
wyrrz: see wlrz.
*wyrwx⌫ vb. ‘to shine’ ~ nhr p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. tr. pret. wyr(w)[x](d⌫r(t) Mt17.2 E5/127v.
wyrxt-: see wr✏c.
wyry⇠ mnty m. ‘intimacy’ ~ ⇡nyn⌫ ‘converse, intimacy’: acc. sg. [w](y)ry+⌫mnt↵ E27/48r8; abl.
sg. wyr-y+⌫mnt⌫ E27/48r6*.
wys q, ws q noun ‘peace, safety’ ~ (yn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/1r12, 54r23. Phrases: wys q (q)wn- ‘to make
peace’ E26/14v9*; E28/68v10*; wys qy *⌫qr-/⌫qrt ‘to conduct in peace’ ~ (yn pa el ‘to
grant peace’ E26/23v14.
—Forms: wys⌫q E26/14v9*; E27/1r12, 54r23; E28/13B19, 24B23*, 68v10*; obl. ws⌫qy
E31r15*; wys⌫qy E26/23v14.
wysp-, wsp-, wyspw, S wysp-, wspw, wyspw adj. ‘all, every, each’ ~ kl, kwl ‘id.’ NT+; Ps;
Creed 1, 4; ~ sgy⌫⌫ ‘much, many’ E26/25v4; ~ qdm⌫ ‘the first’(!) E27/68r18. Phrases: wyspw
(±xwny) qy ‘everyone who’ ~ ⌫yn⌫ d- ‘he who’ E28/1; wyspy (d)[ynd] r qy ‘any priest who’
~ ⌫yn⌫ khn⌫ d- ‘that priest who’ E27/55v30; wyspw n m ‘at all times’ ~ ⌫myn⌫yt ‘constantly’
E26/28r25*; wysp- yw yw/ywtr ‘every single (one)’ ~ kl d d ‘id.’ Lk19.15 E5/125r*;
1Cor12.18 E6/20v*; ~ d d ‘each’ E27/40r14; E28/3r10f*; ~ kl d ‘id.’ E28/3r14; wysp- yw
‘each (one)’ ~ kl d d E27/40r18; ~ d d E27/54v19; ~ kl d E27/54v20.
—Forms: w spw Lk1.63 E5/6r*; Jn16.30 E5/79v; 1Cor12.18 E6/20v; wyspw Lk2.20 E3v*;
E5; Tit3.2 E6/5r*; Col1.9*, 9 E32/2r; E23.90* (ed. wyspy, read wysp(w)?), 211, 250; E24;
E26; E27; E28; E29; E31r5, 11*, v5*; MIK III/365.3; nom. sg. m. wyspy E27; nom. sg. f.
wysp⌫ E27/51r3*; gen. sg. m. wspny E44/37v5 (as gen. pl.); wyspn✏ E27/53v4; wyspny
E26/23r25*; E27/94r30; E28/3r14; wyspyny E28/38r3; loc. sg. wyspy⌫ E26/12r8, 23r5; E27;
E28; abl. sg. m. wyspn⌫ E26/12v9; E27; S wspw E44/24r1; wyspw Ps; Creed 4; 12600IIv4,
20222bv3; gen. sg. m. wyspny Creed 1. Combined: nwysp-ny E27/68v7; wyspy⌫d-y E27/Hr2.
wysprd, wsprd adv. ‘everywhere’ in phrases wsprd/*wysprd wy q[y] ‘id.’ ~ b-kl dwk ‘id.’
E27/40v16; E28/114B8* (–); wysprd wy qy qw ‘in every place where’ ~ kl ⌫yk⌫ d- ‘every-
where that’ E28/7r10.
wyspy⌫d-y = wyspy + ⌫dy.
wyst num. ‘twenty’ E26/16v12; obl.(?) wysty E28/73v1.—Cf. *yw-wyst.

1
wyst w, 1wystw m. ‘promise’ ~ mwlkn⌫ ‘id.’ Gal3.29 E6/3r; E26/31v19; E27/77v15; ~ (wwdy⌫
‘id.’ E26/24v12*, 33; E28/12v17. Phrase wystw wn- ‘to make a promise’ ~ (wdy quad.refl. =
ydy e⇥tap al ‘to promise’ E27/87r9.
—Forms: wyst⌫w Gal3.29 E6/3r; E26/24v12*, 33, 31v19; E28/12v17, 16v27, 19v1; wyst↵
E27/51r17; wystw E27/87r9*; obl. wyst↵y E27/77v15; pl. wyst⌫wt E28/16r21; w-yst↵t E27/
51v18.
2
*wyst w, 2wystw / wyst w t, wystw t, S wystw t vb. ‘to promise’ ~ (wdy quad.refl. = ydy
e⇥tap al ‘id.’ E26/27r23; ≈ mwlkn⌫ ‘counsel; promise’ Ps5.11 (see Schwartz in BT XXXII,
35).
—Forms: 2 sg. tr. pret. wystw⌫d⌫ry E26/27r23; 3 sg. tr. pret. wystw⌫d⌫[rt] E28/58B4; 3 pl. tr.
pret. wystw⌫d⌫rnt E27/51r13; pres. pt. wystwyny as m. noun ‘promiser’ E26/31r2; pp.
wyst<⌫>w⌫ty E28/16r5*; wystw⌫t✏ E27/48v26; S 2 sg. tr. pret. wystw⌫⌫ry Ps5.11.
wystmyq ordinal ‘twentieth’ ~ d-⇡sryn ‘id.’ E27/55v27.—Cf. yw-wystmyq.
S wy(⌫nt: see 1wy(nt.
w ⌫q adj. ‘noble’ E27/12v3.
wy(qyr: see w(qyr.
wy⌫qyrd, w⌫qyrd / wy⌫qyst, wy⌫qy⌫t vb. ‘to strike, beat, knock in, nail, fix, set up’ ~ qp pa el
‘to cuff, beat’ E27/48r17; ~ nq( p al ‘to knock in (nails)’ E27/66v18. Passive wy(qysty b- ~
nq( etp el ‘to be fixed, pitched’ (of a tent) E27/87r11. Pp. wy⌫qy⌫ty ‘fixed, set up’ ~ qb⇡ p al
pass. pt. ‘id.’ E27/31r22.
—Forms: 3 pl. impf. wy(qyrdnt E27/66v18; 3 pl. impf. ⌫w(qyrd-y E27/48r17; pp. wy(qy(ty
E27/31r22; pp. f. wy(qysc E27/87r11.
1
wy⌫n noun ‘confusion’(?) E26/16r14.
1
wy⌫nt, wy⌫nd, wy⌫n⇠, w⌫nt, 2wy⌫n, S wy⌫ nt, wy⌫nt 3rd pers. pron., pl. ‘they, them, their’ ~
h wn ‘they’, ⌫nwn ‘they, them’, -hwn/-hyn ‘them, their’, lhwn ‘them, to them’ NT+; Ps; ~
lwthwn ‘to them’ E28/12r4; ~ dylhwn ‘their’ E28/12r5*; ~ h wn ‘those’ Mt25.41 E5/126v*
(rest.!); Lk19.24 E5/125v; E26/25r26(?); E28/7r13, 25*; ~ -h/-ḣ ‘him, it, her’(!) E27/66r12;
E28/10v28. Phrase wy⌫nt/wy⌫n⇠ (...) qt/qy/q t ‘those who’ ~ ⌫ylyn (...) d- ‘id.’ E5; 1Cor1.28
E6/12v; E24c1.43, 87*; E26/24v21; E27; E28/2av4, 4v30.
—Forms: w(nt E27/57v18, 68r21*, 77v7; w✏(n E28/5r14*, v30*; wy(n E28/19r4, 33A13*;
wy(nd E25; w✏(nt Lk2.20 E3v*; E5; wy(nt Lk2.15 E3r*; E5; Rom11.23 E6/6v; E23.69, 72,
207; E26; E27; E28; E29/1v10, 5v20; wy(n+ E24; obl. w(nty E27; w✏(nt E5; w✏(nty Lk2.18
E3v; Mt10.21 E5/75v*, Mt17.2 E5/127v, Lk24.41 E5/83v*; Rom11.15 E6/5v*; wy(nt✏ Tit3.2
E6/5r; wy(nt Mt21.38 E5/38v, Lk24.45 E5/83v*; Rom11.15 E6/5v*, Gal4.1 E6/3v, 1Tim2.9
E6/18r; w (nty E28/19v15; wy(nty Mt10.18 E5/75r, Jn20.19, 24 E5/76v; Rom11.14 E6/5v*,
Rom11.23 E6/6v*, 1Cor1.28 E6/12v; E21v2*; E23.72, 76 (ed. wy(nt), 297; E26; E27; E28;
E29/2r5, 8*, 9; wy(n+y E24c1.31, c2.20; wy(ty E28/23v3 (mistake); S wy(⌫nt Ps5.10, 11;
12600Iv11*, 20227v8*; wy(nt Ps; obl. w(y)[(⌫nt]⌫y Ps5.10; wy(⌫nty Ps34.8; [wy(n](ty)
Ps19.5. Combined: wy(nts⌫ Mt19.11 E2/2*; E28/65v13.
2
wy⌫nt article and dem. adj., pl. ‘the’ ~ h wn ‘id.’ E26/30r18*.
—Forms: wy(nt E26; obl. wy(nty E26/3v19.
wy(nts⌫ = 1wy(nt + s⌫r.
w⌥⌫p⌫⌥ m. ‘prince’ ~ yrt⌫ ‘heir’ Gal4.1 E6/3r.
1
wy(t: see 1wyc.
2
wy(t E28/23r15, wy(ty E28/23v3: mistake for wy(nt(y) (see 1wy(nt).
wyt: see wy- and 2wyn.
wy+: see wyd.
wyt p vb. ‘to shine forth’ ~ dn p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. impf. wyt⌫p E27/77v16.
wyt p mnt m. ‘shining forth, Epiphany’ ~ dn ⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.78 E5/6v; E27/55r16*.
wyt w vb. ‘to bear, endure’ ~ sybr quad. ‘id.’: 2 sg. pres. dur. wyt⌫wysq E26/27v19; 3 sg. tr. pret.
wyt⌫wd⌫rt E26/31r30.
S wyt⌫wr: see wytwr.
wytq noun ‘line’: wytq E41.4, 8*; obl. wytq-⌫y E41.5.—Possibly corresponds to Syr. swr*⌫ ‘id.’,
see BT XLV, 102.
wytr- vb. ‘to go’ ~ ⌫zl p al ‘id.’ E27/12r13, 25v2; ≈ m⌫zlt⌫ ‘departure’ E27/12r14.—Cf. tr-.
—Forms: 1 sg. fut. wytr⌫mq⌫ E27/12r13; 3 pl. fut. wytrntq⌫ E27/25v2; 3 sg. impf. w-ytr E27/
25v17*; 3 sg. opt. wytry E27/12r14.
wy⇠rb vb. ‘to tremble, shudder, be worried’: 3 pl. pres. dur. wy+rbntq E28/7r17 (~ rtt p al ‘id.’);
3 pl. tr. pret. wy+rbd⌫rnt Lk24.37 E5/83r* (~ rhb etp el ‘to be agitated, be worried’). Pres. pt.
wy⇠rb(y)ny: f. w +rbn nc Lk10.41 E5/91v (~ rhb p al pass. pt. ‘worried’).
wytrxty f. ‘constraint, hindrance’ ~ (py⌫ ‘obstacle, hindrance’ E27/48r16.
wytw t-: see *wytyc.
wytwr, wtwr, S wyt wr adv. ‘so long’, only in the following phrases: wytwr (...) qt ‘until,
while’ ~ ⇡dm⌫ d- (conj.) ‘id.’ Mt10.23 E5/75v*; E25/1v17*; E27; w(y)twr qw ... prm/pn, S
wyt wr (k)[w ...] prm ‘until’ ~ ⇡dm⌫ l- (prep.) ‘id.’ Lk2.15 E3r; E5; Gal4.2 E6/3v; E26/27v6;
E27/40r22f, 69r23; E28/7r18, 9r2f*; 20222bv4f (–); wytwr prm m t ‘until’ ~ ⇡d ‘id.’ E26/
25v4.
—Forms: wtwr E28/7r18; w twr Lk1.80 E5/6v; wytwr Lk2.15 E3r; E5; Gal4.2 E6/3v; E25/
1v17; E26; E27; E28/9r2, 13B14 (MS wytyr), 55B4; E42B3*; S wyt⌫wr 20222bv4.
wytwxs- vb. ‘to disappear, be destroyed’: 3 sg. pres. (wy)twxst E28/16r24.
*wytyc / wytw t- vb. ‘to cause to disappear’: 3 sg. tr. pret. [wy]tw d⌫rt E23.280 (restore thus
with Henning apud Gershevitch 1946, 180).
wyws vb. ‘to dawn’ ~ ngh p al ‘id.’: 3 sg. tr. pret. wywsd⌫rt Lk6.13 E5/91v.
wywyc noun ‘moth, grub’: wywyc E26/2r10 (~ ss⌫ ‘id.’, cf. Mt6.19); obl. wywycy E27/51r25*
(so to be restored, cf. BT XXXV, 21).
wyx noun ‘root’ ~ ⇡qr⌫ ‘id.’ Rom11.18 E6/6r (x2); E27/102v22.
—Forms: w✏x Rom11.18 E6/6r; w x E28/19v17; wyx E27/102v22; obl. w x✏ Rom11.18 E6/
6r.
wyx(: see wx(.
*wyx⌫pwr GN ‘Weh(#b r’: [wy](x)(pwr E27/1r6.
wyzr-, wyzrw, S wyẓ-r-, wyẓ-rw adj. ‘straight, right, correct, true’ ~ (ryr⌫ ‘true’ Jn5.31 E5/41r*;
~ k⌫n⌫ ‘right’ Ps19.10; ~ d-(rr⌫ ‘of truth’ E24c1.27*, c2.19. As adv. ‘rightly’: [wy]zrw E30/
3v1f(?).
—Forms: wyzrw Jn5.31 E5/41r*; E28/69A4; E29/6v21; E30/3v1f*; nom. sg. m. wyzry
E24c1.27* (as acc. sg. f.), c2.19 (as acc.); abl. sg. m. wyzr⌫ E27/12v17; S wyẓ-rw Ps19.10.
wy⇡p-, w⇡p-, w⇡b-, S w -p- f. ‘terror, trembling’: nom. sg. ⌫w,b⌫ E24c3.66; wy,p⌫ E28/17r12;
acc. sg. ⌫w,b⌫ E24c3.69; w,p⌫ E26/23v25 (~ rtyt⌫ ‘id.’); E27/23r15 (~ r⇡l⌫ ‘id.’), 69r20 (~ d lt⌫
‘fear’), 104r11 (~ zw⇡t⌫ ‘trembling, terror’); abl. sg. w,py⌫ E27/Tv3; [wy,p](y)⌫ E28/8r16 (~
d lt⌫); S nom. sg. w⇣-p⌫ Ps32.6 (~ ⌫p⌫ ‘irruption, violence, vehemence’(!)).
wy⇡p wny adj. ‘terrible, awesome, awful’ ~ d l p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E27; E28/7r23*, 8r15. Phrase
[wy⇡p w](n )[ ]( ) (c)[ ‘terrible thing’ ~ gwn ⌫ ‘terrible deed, calamity’ E27/5v28.—Cf.
w,p-.
—Forms: wy,p wn✏ E27; wy,p wny E26/7v2*, 15r29; E28/7r23*, 8r15; f. wy,p wnc E27/
57r3* (rest.!); E28/17r16; pl. wy,p wn✏t E27/60v28.
*wy⇡p wnystr compar. adj. ‘more terrible, more awful’: wy,p wny(s)[tr] E26/23v7.
wy⇡pn q adj. ‘terrible, awesome, awful’ ~ d l p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E26/23v19.
wy⇡t- f. ‘delay’, only acc. sg. in phrase wy⇡t (...) (q)wn-/qt- ‘to delay, wait, tarry, stay’ Lk1.56
E5/5v* (rest.!) (~ qwy pa el ‘to abide’); E26/8v9*; E27/52r6 (~ ⌫ r ap el ‘to delay’, cf.
Habakkuk 2.3?), 60v11 (~ ktr pa el ‘to stay’), 13 (~ id.), 77r7* (~ (w r quad.refl. = ⌫ r
e⇥tap al ‘to delay’), 87r16* (~ ktr pa el); E28/3r21f* (rest.!) (~ tw rt⌫ + ⇡bd p al ‘to make a
delay’).
wz⌫y: see py(-wz⌫y.
wzn (Syr.) ‘font’: wzn⌫ E27/57r4; wzn⌫ E12/2v5.
wzyn = w- (see 2⌫w) + zyn (see zyrn).
w,p-, S w⇣-p-: see wy,p-.
w⇡y⌫ vb. ‘to spit out’: 3 pl. inj. w,y(nt E30/4r16 (~ ‘id.’, SA Arm. B 8).
x- / m t, m ⇠, wm t, wm ⇠, S x- / m t vb. ‘to be’ ~ ⌫yt (± personal suffix) (± hwy p al) ‘id.’ NT+;
Ps5.10, 19.7*; ~ personal pron. used as copula (only in forms from the pres. stem) NT+; Ps; ~
hwy p al ‘id.’ (mainly in forms from the past stem) NT+; Ps6.1; ~ qwm p al ‘to remain, be’
Ps19.10*; E27/31r28; ~ (ry p al ‘to dwell’ E23.170; E27/48r14; ~ ytb p al ‘to sit, dwell’ E27/
87r6; ~ gnn ap el ‘to rest (upon)’ E27/87r3; ~ ⇡bd p al pass. pt. ‘to be made’ E27/83v7*. The
neg. 3 sg. pres. nyst(y) ‘there is not’ is the usual equivalent of Syr. lyt ‘id.’ (NT+; Ps5.10,
19.7*); an exceptional case is [ny] m⌫t ‘there was not’ ~ lyt E25/1v11f.—This verb is often
used where a Syr. sentence has no verb, e.g. as a copula with adjectives etc., and as an auxi-
liary verb with the pp. and with the dur. pt.; the relevant forms of x-/(w)m⌫t are included in the
list below, but the Syr. equivalents of such expressions should be sought under the principal
word.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. ⌫ m E5; Rom11.13 E6/5v*, 1Cor12.16 E6/20r*; E28/7r9; ⌫ym Lk24.36
E5/83r, Jn1.20, 21 E5/19r; E23; E24c3.21; E26/25r9, 31r5; E27/68r9, 104v13*, 17; E28; 2 sg.
pres. ⌫ ( E5 (also ⌫ (t w); E27/66r14; ⌫y( E18; E20r5; E23.258; E24c1.56; E26; E27; E28;
E29/2v8, 4r9, v15; E30/2r5*; 3 sg. pres. st E5; sty Mt2.2 E3v; E5; E23.138, 174, 240;
E25/1r19*; E26; E27; E28; E30/1r8, v18; E41.2; xc✏ E28/66v23; xc Mt6.22 E1/2r, Mt6.30
E1/2v; Lk2.11 E3r; E5; 1Cor12.14 E6/20r, Gal4.1 E6/3v*, Gal4.1 E6/3v; E28/13A14; xcy
Mt19.11 E2/2r*; E5; E6; Col1.11, 14 E32/2v; E18r3; E23.80, 159; E24; E25/1v20*; E26;
E27; E28; E29; E30/4v14, 5r1, 6v4; E35B9; ycy E27; neg. 3 sg. pres.44 n-st E27/31r10; n✏st
E5; E27/14v11*, 53v3; n st E28/8v25, 18v28; nyst E23.104; Lk19.26 E5/125v*, Jn15.20
E5/73v*; E26; E27/dv3*; E28/8r27, 16r1, 17r26, 20r20; E29/5r23; E46v8; nysty E23.101;
E26/30r28; E28/11r20, 19v8; 1 pl. pres. ⌫ m Jn9.28 E5/101r; Gal3.25 E6/3r (⌫ m⌫x); ⌫ym
E28/5r29, 20r3, v10; ⌫ym⌫ E24c1.83, c3.14; E26/16r7*, 27r20*; E29/6v2; 2 pl. pres. ⌫ (t⌫
Lk16.15 E5/48v, Jn15.19 E5/73v; Gal3.26, 28 E6/3r; ⌫y(t⌫ Mt10.31 E5/76r, Mt21.42 E5/38v*;
E6; E24c1.32; ⌫y(+⌫ E26/31v18; yst⌫ E27/22v1; 3 pl. pres. xnd E25/1r10; xnt Mt10.30 E5/76r,
Lk16.8 E5/48r, Lk24.21 E5/72r; Gal4.5 E6/3v; E23.184, 205; E26; E27; E28; E30/1v10; xn+
44
For n(y)st(y), S nyst used as an adv. see s.v. 2nyst.
E24; xntt E28/38v1; 3 sg. pres. dur. stysq E23.245; s+ysq E24c1.42, 55, 80; stysqn E27/40v4;
3 sg. fut. styq⌫ E27/48v16; 3 sg. impf. xnt Mt21.36 E5/38v; E28/27r23*(?); 3 sg. opt. ẍ⌫ E26/
2r18, 19 (x2); 3 sg. subj. x⌫t45 E26/1v6, 23, 27v14*; y⌫t E27/22v4, dv2; 2 pl. impv. st⌫ E27/
104r4; 3 sg. impf. itr. pot. m⌫t wb⌫ E26/3r2; 1 sg. itr. pret. m⌫t m E5; m⌫tym E5; E23.268; E26/
16v14; E27/83v7*; 2 sg. itr. pret. m⌫t ( Lk19.22 E5/125r; m⌫ty( E23.222; 3 sg. itr. pret. m⌫t
E5; E23; E24; E25/1v12; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/6r2*; E33B4; E36 (also m⌫tqy, m⌫tq✏);
E41.10; E43B6*; wm⌫t E24c3.39 (+bryqwm⌫t); E26/3v11; augmented 3 sg. itr. pret. w⌫m⌫t
E23.281; 3 sg. f.(!) itr. pret. m⌫t⌫ Lk2.19 E3v*; Jn2.1 E5/21r; 1 pl. itr. pret. m⌫tym Lk24.21
E5/72r*; E6 (always m⌫tym⌫x); wm⌫tym⌫n E26/27r3; 2 pl. itr. pret. m⌫t••t E27/104v9; 3 pl. itr.
pret. m⌫tnt E5; E26; E27; E28; E29/2v2, 4r7, 8v11; E30/1v7*; E34v2; m⌫+n+ E24; wm⌫+n+
E24c1.56 (,⌫yqwm⌫+n+), 88 (mynyqwm⌫+n+), c3.59 (sp(yqwm⌫+n+), 8r2 (ywcyqwm⌫+n+); S 1
sg. pres. (⌫)[ym] Ps51.6; 2 sg. pres. ⌫y( Ps5.5*, 51.6, Frg18.1; 3 sg. pres. ⌫sty Frg18.8;
20227v9; sty Ps; Hymn 5; Creed 8, 10; xcy Ps; Cross r, v; 20227v[m]*; neg. 3 sg. pres.46 nyst
Ps5.10, 19.7*; 3 pl. pres. x⌫nt Ps34.8; xnt Ps5.10 (x2), 19.9; 3 sg. itr. pret. m⌫t Ps6.1.
1
x 3rd pers. pron., nom. sg. f. ‘she’: Lk10.39 (x2), 40 E5/91r, Lk10.42 E5/91v;47 E23.216;
E24c3.2 (~ h ‘id.’); E27/12r13* (~ id.), 87r1, 12 (~ id.); E36/1v8, 9.
2
x , S xh article, nom. sg. f. and nom.-acc. pl. ‘the’ ~ h ‘id.’ E27/12v12; E28/4v24; ~ hẏ ‘that’
E23.
—Forms: x⌫ E23; E26/28r10, v11; E27; E28/4v24, 13B4; S ⌫xh Ps34.8.
x m adj. ‘raw’ ~ p*yr⌫ ‘untanned, raw’ (Brooks 1925, 92, l. 8): E23.348 (ed. prx⌫m, read pr x⌫m
with Sims-Williams apud Gershevitch 1985, 278).
x n (Turkish title) ‘Khan’(?) E40r5*.
1
x n , S x n , x n kh f. ‘house, dwelling’ ~ byt⌫ ‘house’ E5+; Ps5.8; ~ ⇡wmr⌫ ‘dwelling’ E23.97; ~
drt⌫ ‘house, court’ E27/60v29.
—Forms: x⌫n⌫ E23.119; E26; E27/102r24, 104v1*, 3*; E28/17r3, 99B26*; obl. x⌫n✏ E5; E27/
1v7; E28/113r1*(?); x⌫n-y E27/87v5; x⌫n E28/4v30, 27r14; x⌫ny E23; E27/25v19*, 51r31,
60v29; E28/17r4, 114A6; pl. x⌫n✏t Lk16.4 E5/48r; x⌫nyt E24c3.27; obl. pl. x⌫n ty E28/19v11;
S obl. x⌫n⌫kyh O2497.4 (thus Kudara–Sundermann–Yoshida 1997, 76; misprinted x⌫n⌫kh in
Yoshida 2017, 156); x⌫ny Ps5.8; 20223v6.
2
x n dem. adj., nom. sg. f. ‘that’ E27/22v12 (x⌫n⌫ p ‘that water’ ~ mÿ⌫ h wn ‘id.’), 68v7 (~ hy
hd⌫ ‘this’).
x nt, S x nt(?) dem. pron. and adj., nom.-acc. pl. ‘those’ ~ h wn ‘id.’ NT; E27/12r14, 39r4; ~
hlyn ‘these’ E27/31r8. Phrase x nt (...) qy/qt/qyt ‘those (...) who/which’ ~ ⌫ylyn (...) d- ‘id.’
Lk2.18 E3v*; Lk1.1 E4; Lk12.37 E5/130r, Lk24.33 E5/73r; E27; E28.
—Forms: x⌫nt Lk2.18 E3v*; Lk1.1, 2 E4; E5; E26/12v16; E27; E28; S x⌫nt Ps34.8.48
x nyc⌥q noun ‘household member’ ~ br byt⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. x⌫nyc qt Mt10.25 E5/75v*.
x ny⌫ noun ‘reading, lection’ E13v8.
45
Cases in which x⌫t is used as a particle indicating that a preceding verbal form has subj. function are not listed
here.
46
For n(y)st(y), S nyst used as an adv. see s.v. 2nyst.
47
In all four occurrences in Lk10.39-42, x⌫ is the subject of an immediately preceding 3 sg. pret. verb; in two of
these cases the Syriac has ‘reflexive’ lḣ (Nöldeke §224), but it is not evident that x⌫ is intended to translate it. See
below on 1xw.
48
Uncertain: possibly merely a mistaken repetition of the preceding x⌫nt, for which see s.v. x-.
x ⌫ noun ‘clothing, garment’, only pl. x⌫(t E26/30r30; E27/60r24 (~ m̈⌫n⌫ ‘clothes’), 68v8 (~ id.);
E28/16r12.
S x twn f. PN or title ‘Khatun, lady’ E17r12, v19; 20223r[m].
x xsry m. ‘spring (of water)’: x⌫xsry E26/25r24 (~ nb⇡⌫ ‘id.’); pl. x⌫xsryt E26/41B2*.
xcy: see x-.
x r, xn r noun ‘sword’ ~ syp⌫ ‘id.’ E23A29; E24c2.7; E27/68v5; ~ rb⌫ ‘id.’ E27/68v6, 87r17.
—Forms: x r E23A13, A29; E24c2.7; xn r E29/2v1 (meaning?—see BT XXXII, 97); obl.
x ry E27.
xmyr (Arabic title) ‘amir’: xmyr E26/14v6; obl. xmyry E26/12r2, 14v15*, 15r14*.
xmyry f. ‘emirate’ E26/12v2.
xncq noun ‘laughter’: obl. xncqy E30/6v17* (~ gw k⌫ ‘id.’, Nau 1920, 7, line 11).
xn r: see x r.
S xns: see xs.
1
xnt vb. ‘to laugh’: 2 sg. fut. xntyq⌫ E30/6v16.
2
xnt: see x-.
xny E23.352: restore [yw]|xny, see ywxn-.
xr- m. ‘donkey’ ~ mr⌫ ‘id.’: nom. as acc. sg. xr Lk10.34 E5/91r.
xr m vb. ‘to step, proceed’: 2 sg. impv. xr⌫m E28/17r9.
S xrc: see xyr.
S *xr x noun ‘tent’: xr ⌫[x] ~ m(kn⌫ ‘id.’ Ps19.5.
xrmtw m. ‘(heathen) priest’ ~ kwmr⌫ ‘id.’ E28/10v22, 25.
xrt, xr+: see xyr.
xrwny, xwrwny f. ‘fornication’ ~ znywt⌫ ‘id.’: xr↵ny E27/102v19*; xrwny E27/102r17, v28;
xwrwn Mt5.32 E5/28r*. Phrase xwrwn⌥ wn- ‘to commit fornication’ ~ gwr p al ‘to commit
adultery’ Mt5.32 E5/28r* (x2).
xry wny noun ‘value, price’ ~ *ym⌫ ‘id.’ E26/25r12*.
xrycq f. ‘fornicator, adultress, prostitute, whore’: [xry]c(q) E27/48v18; pl. (xr) cqt Mt21.32 E5/
38r (~ znyt⌫ ‘id.’); xrycqt Mt21.31 E5/38r* (~ id.); E28/17v7, 22A4.
*xrycyq adj. ‘lewd, unchaste’ ~ zny⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. [x](r)ycyqty E27/102v25.
xryn / xryt vb. ‘to buy, redeem’: 3 sg. opt. xr n Gal4.5 E6/3v (~ zbn p al ‘id.’); 1 sg. inj.
xrynw E26/28r8* (~ id.); 3 sg. tr. pret. xryd⌫t E24c3.26.
xs, S xns adj. ‘firm, strong, secure, safe’ ~ (rr pa el pt. ‘id.’ E27/104r5* (rest.!). Phrases: xs d r,
S xns ↵ r ‘to keep safe’ ~ n*r p al ‘to guard, keep, observe (the Sabbath)’ Ps12.8*, 19.12,
32.7; E23.157f; E29/1r10; xs swq-, S xns skw- ‘to stay firm’ ~ qw⌫ pa el ‘to remain’
Rom11.22 E6/6v, 1Tim2.15 E6/18v; ~ zhr etp el Ps19.12* (see BT XXXII, 41).
—Forms: xs Rom11.22 E6/6v, 1Tim2.15 E6/18v; E23.157; E29/1r10; pl. ](x)[st] E27/104r5;
S xns Ps. Combined: xsd⌫rt E24c1.4.
xsd⌫rt = xs + d⌫rt.
xswnty⌫: see xwsnty⌫.
x⌫ / x⌫t vb. ‘to draw, pull, drag’ ~ ngd p al ‘to draw’ E23.250; E27/60r24; ~ dl⌫ p al ‘id.’ E28/
12v6; ~ grr p al ‘to drag’ E27/60r24. Passive *x(ty b- ‘to be drawn’ ~ ngd etp el ‘id.’ E28/
14r15f*.
—Forms: 2 sg. pres. x(y E28/16v19; 3 sg. pres. x(t E28/16v20; 3 pl. pres. x(nt E26/12v12*; 3
sg. impf. x( E27/60r24; 2 sg. impv. x( E28/12v6; 2 sg. tr. pret. x(d⌫ry E23.250; past inf. ẋ̣(t
E27/60r24; pp. pl. (x)[(](t)[yt] E28/14r15.
x⌫ m noun ‘supper’ ~ (myt⌫ ‘id.’ E26/31v7. Phrase x⌫ m *xwr-/xwrt ‘to eat supper’ ~ (m ap el
‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v.
x⌫ wn f. ‘power, might, authority, kingly power, kingdom, dominion, realm, empire’ ~ (wl*n⌫
‘power, dominion’ Col1.13 E32/2v; E24c3.16; E27; ~ mlkwt⌫ ‘kingdom’ Col1.13 E32/2v;
E27/69v22; E29/4r12 (cf. Dan2.41); ~ ⌫w dn⌫ ‘power’ E29/2v10 (cf. Ps2.8); ~ tg⌫ ‘crown;
kingly power’ E27/11r18; ≈ m)y p al ‘to have power’ E23.267. Phrase x⌫ wn *⇠br-/⇠brt ‘to
give authority’ ≈ sym p al ‘to appoint (a time)’ Gal4.2 E6/3v.
—Forms: x(⌫wn [Jn5.27 E5/41r: see p⌫tx(⌫wn]; Gal4.2 E6/3v; Col1.13 E32/2v (x2); E23.267;
E24c3.16, 37, 48; E26; E27; E29; obl. x(⌫wny E26/12r7, v1*; E28.
x⌫ wnd r m. ‘one in authority, ruler’ ~ (ly*⌫, pl. (lÿ*n⌫ ‘id.’ E27.
—Forms: x(⌫wn-d⌫r E27/57r28, 94v25; obl. x(⌫wn-d⌫ry E27/102r28; pl. x(⌫wnd⌫rt E26/5r28,
v25*, 14v8; E27/26r4f*; obl. pl. x(⌫wnd⌫rty E26/12v37; E28/11r11.
x⌫ wnd ry f. ‘rule’ E26/12r5.
x(⌫wty E27/27r5: mistake for x(n⌫wty (see *x(n⌫w)?
x⌫n m noun ‘satisfaction, reconciliation’: (x()[n⌫m] Rom11.15 E6/5v (~ tr⇡wt⌫ ‘reconciliation’);
obl. x(n⌫my E28/11r9.
*x⌫n w / *x⌫n wt vb. ‘to satisfy, reconcile’. Only pp. *x(n⌫wty (MS ](x)(⌫wty!) in passive
*x(n⌫wty b- ‘to be reconciled’ ~ r⇡y etpa al ‘id.’ E27/27r5.
x⌫nq- adj. ‘excellent, honourable, magnificent, beautiful, noble’: nom. sg. m. x(nqy E27/7r24;
E29/4r9; gen. sg. m. x(nqy E26/23v23 (~ yqyr⌫ ‘honourable, precious’); nom.-acc. as abl. pl.
x(nqt⌫ E26/2v19.
̈
x⌫nqʾw m. ‘excellence, honour’ E26/24r11 (~ ⌫yqr⌫ ‘honour, magnificence’?).
x⌫nyrq noun ‘sign, token; target, goal’ ~ ny(⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31, 102v29; E28/3r16*; ~ ⌫t⌫ ‘sign’
E27/31v10, 57; ~ (⌫ ‘suffering, Passion (of Christ)’(!) E26/31r24.
—Forms: x(nyrq E26; E27; E28/3r16*; obl. x(nyrqy E27/31r21, 23; obl. pl. x(nyrqty E27/
102v29.
x⌫p- f. ‘night’ ~ lly⌫, pl. lÿlwt⌫ ‘id.’ Mt27.64 E5/65v; E26; E27; E28/7v8; E29/5v12 (cf. Mt4.2).
—Forms: nom.-acc. sg. x(p⌫ Mt27.64 E5/65v; E26/6B2*, 5, 31r25; E27; E28/7v8, 11r7 (as
abl.), 17r7* (as loc.), 85r28; E29/5v12 (as numv.); E42B1* (as abl.?); loc. sg. x(py⌫ E26/
24v17, 35; E27/57v10; E42B4*; yx(py⌫ E27/87v5.
x⌫pncyq adj. ‘nightly, nocturnal’ E28/16r1*, 52r24, r[m]*, 74r[m]*, 75v4*.
x(t: see x(.
x(wnc, x(wnqy⌫, x(wny: see x(ywnc, x(ywnqy⌫, x(ywny.
x⌫y- vb. ‘to rule’ ~ mlk ap el ‘id.’: 3 sg. impf. x(y⌫ E27/1r10.
†x(y⌫qc E24c3.53: read prx(y⌫qc as a single word.
x⌫ybt- m. ‘milk’: x(ybty nom. as acc. sg. E29/5r2; E38B8.
x⌫ymprt m. ‘firmament’ ~ rqy⇡⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57r21.
x⌫ywn m. ‘weeping’: x(-ywn E27/31v3 (~ bky⌫ ‘id.’), 6 (~ id.); x(ywn E23Er2; E24c3.52; E26/
25r18 (≈ dm̈⇡⌫ ‘tears’); E30/5v19.
x⌫ywnc, x⌫wnc, xw⌫ywnc f. ‘queen’ ~ mlkt⌫ ‘id.’ E23.305*, A7* (see below); E24; E27/66r4,
v7; ~ mrty ‘my lady’ (addressing St Helen) E24c1.95.
—Forms: x(wnc E24; x(ywnc E23.305* (restore x(](y)wnc), 332* (restore x(ywn]c), 334*,
A7* (see BT XLV, 65); E28/27r12; xw(ywnc E27/66r4, v7.
x⌫ywnqy , x⌫wnqy , xw⌫ywnqy f. ‘kingdom, kingship, majesty; (as a form of address:) (Your)
Majesty’ ~ mlkwt⌫ ‘id.’ Mt16.28 E5/127v*; E24c1.43; E27.—Cf. xw(ywnqy⌫-mcy⌫.
—Forms: x(wnqy⌫ E24c1.43; x(<y>wnqy⌫ E28/16r6; x(ywnqy⌫ Mt16.28 E5/127v*; E28/16r7;

E29; xw(ywnqy⌫ E27; obl. x(ywnqy⌫y E28/16r17; xw(ywnqy⌫- E27/66r8*, 68r1*, 77v14*.
*x⌫ywnstn noun ‘place of mourning’: x[(ywn]stn E30/5v15f (~ ‘scene of mourning’, SA Arm.
25).
x⌫ywny, x⌫ÿwn , x⌫y⇤n , x⌫wny, xw⌫ywny, S x⌫ywny, x⌫ywny m. ‘king’ ~ mlk⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.18
E5/75r; Mt25.34, 40 E5/126r; Ps; Hymn 8; E18v5*; E23; E24; E26/5v15, 31; E27; E28/
14v18; ~ tg⌫ d-mlkwt⌫ ‘crown of kingship’ E28/1v10; ~ dyn⌫ ‘judge’ E29/8v7 (but see Brock
apud Sims-Williams, BT XLV, 71). Phrases: dbtyq x⌫ywny ‘second king’ ~ tryn⌫ d-mlkwt⌫
‘second in the kingdom’ E23.193; mzyx xw⌫ywny ‘great king’ ~ mlk m̈lk⌫ ‘king of kings’
E27/23r25; ~ mlk⌫ ‘king’ E27/25r2f, 77v13; x⌫ywny/x⌫wny nyd/nst- ‘to sit (as) king’ ~ mlk
ap el ‘to reign’ E23.203; ≈ mlkwt⌫ ‘reign’ E24c1.18; x⌫wny ⌫yqn ‘king’s palace’ ~ pl*yn d-
mlkwt⌫ ‘palace of the kingdom’ E24c3.9.
—Forms: x(wny E24; x(ÿwn⌫ E8v9; x(y n⌫ E18v5*; E26/5v31; x(ywn✏ Mt25.34, 40 E5/
126r; E27/120v11; x(-y(w)[ny] E28/88A1; x(ywny E23; E26; E29; E30/2v19; xw(ywn✏ E27;
xw(ywny E27; nxw(ywny E27/13r26; acc. sg. xw(ywnw E27; abl. sg. xw(ywn⌫ E27/66v8*,
68r21, 77r11; voc. sg. x(ywn⌫ E29/4r5; pl. x(ywnyt E26/12r8*; E28/14v18; E29/4r7;
xw(ywn✏t E27/13v28; obl. pl. x(ywn✏t Mt10.18 E5/75r; x(ywnyty E23.168; E28/1v10;
xw(ywn-[yty] E27/6v12; S ⌫x(ywny Ps; x(ywny Ps24.10; pl. ⌫x(ywnyt Hymn 8.
x⌫ywny-mync adj. ‘kingly’ ~ d-mlkwt⌫ ‘of kingship’ E23.194.
xty q-w dy m. ‘judgement-seat’ ~ b⌫ym, bym ‘throne’ E27/61v20; E28/8r10f*.—Cf. w⌫d.
1
xw, S 1xw, 1 xw (i) 3rd pers. pron., nom. sg. m. ‘he, it’ ~ h ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; Creed 3, 5*; ~ hy ‘it’
E27/104r3*; ~ hn⌫ ‘this (one)’ Jn1.33 E5/19v*; ~ h↵ ‘that (one)’ E26/29v3; (ii) used as equi-
valent to a copula ‘is’ Jn9.23 E5/100v(?);49 E43B4*(?).
—Forms: xw passim; S ⌫xw Ps; xw Creed 3, 5*; Cal13v2(?); 12600Iv4, 20222br8*(?). Com-
bined: qtxw E26/24v18.
2
xw, S 2xw, 2 xw, ZKw article, mostly nom. sg. m.50 ‘the’ ~ h ‘id.’ Jn16.27 E5/79v; E25/
1r20(?); E26/27v10; E27/19v3*, 27r14*; E28.
—Forms: xw passim; S ⌫xw Ps34.9; Frg18.7; xw Ps51.5; Frg18.4; 12600IIr3, v11*, 20223r6;
ZKw Ps33.10.
3
xw(?) / xwst- vb. ‘to beat’: 3 sg. opt.(?) xwy E26/14v1; 3 pl. tr. pret. xwsd⌫rnt E29/6v11.
4
xw: see xwdbtyq.
xw c noun ‘pain, grief’: xw[⌫]c E25/1v20 (r⌫f ZY xw[⌫]c ~ ‘disease and pain’ ≈ k⌫b⌫ ‘pain, dis-
ease’); obl. xw⌫cy E26/16v8, 23*; E27/27r12; E28/43A4; pl. xw⌫cyt E28/10v16.—Cf. xwyc.
*xw qry f. ‘trade’, only in phrase [x](w) qry *wn-/qt- ‘to make trade’ ~ tgr etpa al ‘to trade,
profit’ Lk19.15 E5/125r.
xw n noun ‘manner, way, kind’. Phrases: cymnd/cymy⇠/cywyd/cywy⇠ xw n ‘of such a kind, in
this manner, thus’ E26/16r5; E28/3v9, 18* (~ ⌫yk hkn⌫ ‘thus’), 7v4, 23r24, v8, 24A19, 25A9;
E30/1r10; pl. cymnt xw nt ‘of such kinds’ ~ ⌫yk hlyn ‘like these’ E28/14v22.
—Forms: xw⌫n E26/16r5; E28; E30/1r10; pl. xw⌫nt E26/10v2; E27/26v9; E28/14v22.
1 ̈
xw r f. ‘sister’ ~ t⌫, pl. ⌫ḥwt⌫ ‘id.’ Lk10.39, 40 E5/91r; E24c3.10; E27/68v19; E28/27r16, 22.
̈
Phrase swqbr ⌫t xw ry⌫t ‘sister nuns’ ~ ⌫ḥwt⌫ ‘sisters’ E26/28v5.
49
Here t t✏ xw corresponds to the pf. t t✏ xc in verse 21, both translating ⇡l lh ‘he has entered’. It does not seem
that xw is intended to translate the Syriac ‘reflexive’ lh (Nöldeke §224). Cf. above on 1x⌫.
50
Occasional other uses: acc. sg. m. E26/1r11 (1st xw), 12v15*(?); E27/51r2*; gen. sg. m. E26/25r10 (?) (1st xw);
abl. sg. f. E26/32v33(?); nom. pl. E26/1v7, 5v1, 30v27; E29/6v12; E30/4v11*.
—Forms: xw⌫r Lk10.39, 40 E5/91r; E24c3.10; E28/27r16, 22; obl. [x]w⌫ry E27/68v19; obl. pl.
xw⌫ry(ty E26/28v5; E28/16r9*.
2
xw⌫r: see ⌫mprt-xw⌫r, ptrq⌫n-xw⌫r.
xw rnt, xw rnty, S xw r nt noun ‘right hand’ and adj. ‘right-hand’ ~ ymyn⌫ ‘right hand, right
side’ Creed 9; E27/57v7; E28/9v27. Phrases: xw rnt qw⌫y- ‘right side’ ~ gb⌫ d-ymyn⌫ ‘id.’
Jn21.6 E5/80v; xw rnt qyr n ‘right side’ ~ ymyn⌫ ‘id.’ Mt25.33*, 34 E5/126r; E27/60v13.
—Forms: xw⌫rnt Mt25.33*, 34 E5/126r, Jn21.6 E5/80v; E27/57v7, 60v13; xw⌫rnty E28/9v27;
S xw⌫r⌫nt Creed 9.
1
xw⌫ry⌫: see ⌫mprt-xw⌫ry⌫.
2
xw⌫ry⌫ E28/11r12: mistake for xwy⌫ry⌫.
xw t adj. ‘weak’ ~ nsys⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12r19; with b- ‘to become weak’ ~ (pl etpa al ‘id.’ E27/
31v31; E28/2av9. Phrases: xw t prwrt ‘to become weak’ E27/23v8; xw t prwyr/prwrt ‘to
weaken’ (tr.) E26/3v12f*; E27/48v14*.
—Forms: xw⌫t E26/3v12*; E27/23v8, 48v14, 51v13; E28/2av9, 11r25, 12r19; pl. xw⌫tt E27/
31v31; E28/18r19*, 106v10.
xw t wy m. ‘weakness’: acc. sg. xw⌫t⌫↵ E27/51v11.
xw tr compar. adj. ‘weaker’ E29/4r11.
xw ty f. ‘weakness’ ~ rpywt⌫ ‘id.’: obl. xw⌫ty⌫- E27/31r5.
xw wnyq noun ‘swaddling-clothes’ ~ ⇡zrwr̈⌫ ‘id.’: obl. (xw)⌫wnyqy Lk2.12 E3r.
xwbn- m. ‘sleep, dream’ ~ lm⌫ ‘dream’ E26/24v18; E29/3r20 (cf. Dan2.3); ~ (nt⌫ ‘sleep’ E26/
24v28(?).
—Forms: nom. as acc. sg. xwbny E28/16v25; E29; loc. sg. xwbny⌫ E26; yxwbny⌫ E27/48v9;
abl. sg. E28/11r16, 16r1.
xwc: see xwyc.
xwc- adj. (i) ‘sweet, pleasant, delicious, agreeable’ ~ bsym⌫ ‘sweet, pleasant’ E27/27v2*; ~ hny⌫⌫
‘id.’ E27/48r2*; (ii) ‘consenting’, only E27/94r21 (~ nw ap el pass. pt. ‘content, agreeable,
consenting’).
—Forms: nom. sg. m. xwcy E24c3.62, 66; E26/7r7 (as abl.); E27/27v2*, 48r2*, 94r21; nom.
(for gen.) pl. xwct⌫ E31v7*.
xwc wy m. ‘pleasantness’ ~ hny⌫wt⌫ ‘sweetness, pleasantness, pleasure’: acc. sg. xwc⌫w E27/
60v22.
xwcq, xwcqy⌫: see xwycq, xwycqy⌫.
xwcm nqy , wcm nqy f. ‘pleasantness, kindness’ ~ bsymwt⌫ ‘id.’: wcm⌫nqy⌫ Rom11.22 (x2)
E6/6v*, Tit3.2*, 4 E6/5r; xwcm⌫nqy⌫ E28/25B8 (–).
xwcn⌫q: see xwycn⌫q.
xwd: see xwty.
xwd⌫w: see xwt⌫w.
xwdbtyq, xw-dbtyqy adv. ‘both’: xwdbtyq E29/4r15; xw-dbtyqy E27/60v30 (~ tr̈yhwn ‘the two
of them’).
xwdq r, xwtg r, xwdq ry, S xw↵k r adv. ‘only, alone, merely’ ~ bl wd (± personal suffix) ‘id.’
E5+; Ps51.6; ~ y yd⌫yt (i) ‘only, exclusively’ E28/12r9; (ii) ‘alone, as a solitary’ E28/65v3.
Often preceded by the adv. xwd (E24c1.72), wt✏ (E5) ‘(one)self’, see s.v. xwty.
—Forms: xwdq⌫r Mt17.1 E5/127v, Lk10.40 E5/91r, Jn16.32 E5/79v*; E18r4, 5*, 6*;
E24c1.72; E25/1r19; E26/5r13, 16v8, 39r2*; E27; E28; xwdq⌫ry E28/12v28; xwtg⌫r Jn16.32
E5/79v; S xwk⌫r Ps51.6.
xwdw: see xwt⌫w.

xwdy: see xwty.
xwf⌫r E26/25v3: mistake for fwx⌫r.
xwm r noun ‘consolation, comfort’ E27/31v2 (~ bwy⌫⌫ ‘id.’), 12 (~ id.); E28/16r3, 21A4,
108B4*(?).
xwm rqyn adj. ‘comforting, consoling’ E26/9v7.
*xwm r-w by m. ‘consoler, comforter’ ~ prql*⌫ ‘Paraclete’: acc. sg. [xwm⌫r]-w⌫b↵ E27/54v14f
(see Cat.).
xwmr- / xwmr t vb. ‘to meditate’: 3 sg. opt. xwmry E28/1r6 (~ hrg p al ‘id.’); past inf. xwmr⌫t
E28/13A10. Unclear (x)wmr(⌫)[ E28/98A3.
xwmr qc f. ‘meditation’ ~ hrg⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12v22, 25*, 14v9.
—Forms: xwmr⌫qc E28/14v9, 25*, 127A2*; E31r7*, 10*; obl. xwmr⌫qcy E28/12v22; pl.
xwmr⌫q(t E28/12v25, 93B10*.
†[xwn]ty E27/7r18: read [wxwn]ty, see wxwn-.
xwn-qry: see w⌫nqry.
xwnx dem. pron. ‘that’ E26/2v16*; E29/4v6.
xwny, S xwny dem. adj. and pron., mostly but not exclusively nom. sg. m. ‘that, that person, he,
him, those’ ~ h↵ ‘that, that person’ E5+; ~ -h ‘him’ Ps5.7*; ~ hẏ (f.) ‘that’ E23.118, 215, 276;
E26/28r9. Phrases: xwny dy (...) qt/q⌥/q t ‘that person who’ ~ mn d- ‘he/him who’ E5; ~
⌫yn⌫ d- ‘id.’ Mt10.22 E5/75v*, Jn1.33 E5/19v*; E28/2ar11; ~ h↵ d- ‘id.’ Lk19.24 E5/125v*;
E28/9r26; [x](w)n qt ‘that which’ ~ ⌫yn⌫ d- ‘id.’ Jn2.10 E5/21v; xwny qy/qyt/qt ‘he/him
who’ ~ mn d- ‘id.’ E27/31r1, 69r20, 94r27 (Mt23.12, see BT XII, 167); E28/2ar16* (rest.!); ~
⌫yn⌫ (...) d- ‘id.’ E27; E28; ~ h↵ (...) d- ‘id.’ E27/61r30; E28; ~ h↵ mn d- ‘id.’ E28/3v18;
xwny mrt(x)[my qy] ‘that ma[n who]’ ~ h↵ ⌫yn⌫ d- ‘he who’ E27/14v21; wyspw xwny qy
‘everyone who’ ~ ⌫yn⌫ d- ‘he who’ E28/1r5f.
—Forms: xwn✏ E5; E27; E28/23r16, 17, 113r8; xwny E5; E12/2r14; E23; E26; E27; E28;
E29; E30; E31v5; E36; obl. xwn✏ Jn9.28 E5/101r; S xwny Ps5.7*; 12600Ir2*, 20223v1.
xwpcy (noun of unknown meaning) E20r9.
xwptr compar. adj. ‘better’ ~ p⌫⌫ ‘(more) proper’ E27/7v24.
xwpy: see mnt-xwpy.
xwr, 1xwyr m. ‘sun’ ~ (m(⌫ ‘id.’: xwr E26/23v8, 31r25; E27; E36/1r12 (–), 3r12 (cf. Joshua
10.13); xwyr E20v7 (cf. Lk23.45); E24c2.11; obl. xwry E23.189.
1
xwr- / 1xwrt, S xwr- vb. ‘to eat’ ~ ⌫kl p al ‘to eat’ Mt6.31 E1/2v*; Lk24.43 E5/83v*; E23.117;
E24c1.78; E25/1v12; E26; E27; E30; rarely ‘to drink’ ~ (ty p al ‘id.’ E26/32v32; E30/
4r1*(?—cf. SA Syr. 9). Phrases: mprt xwr- ‘to eat one’s fill’ ~ sb⇡ p al ‘to become full, be
satiated’ E27/94v6*, 12; ntwxc xwr- ‘to be distressed’ E27/39v3f* (~ ⇡wq ettap al ‘id.’);
E28/22A12; mpn + xwr- ‘to perform labour’ E30/4r20f; x⌫ m *xwr-/xwrt ‘to eat supper’ ~
(m ap el ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; xwrt xwr- ‘to eat food’ ~ trsy quad.refl. ‘to be fed’ E26/
30r35*; ~ ⌫kl p al E26/30r24.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. xwr⌫m E26/30r29 (as subj.); 2 sg. pres. xwry E29/5r22; 3 pl. pres. xwrnt
E27/39v4; E29/5v18*; 3 sg. pres. mid. xwrty E26/1r10; 3 sg. pres. dur. xwrtysgwn E30/4v21;
xwrtysq E26/30r25; E28/98B3 (cited as xwrt in BT XXXII, 103); xwrtysqn E30/4v18; 3 pl.
pres. dur. xwrntsq E26/24r9; 2 sg. fut. xwryq⌫n E26/30r28, 35*; 1 pl. fut. *[x](wrym)q⌫ (MS
[x](wyrym)q⌫!) Mt6.31 E1/2v; 3 pl. fut. xwrntq⌫ E27/94v29; 3 pl. impf. xwrnt E26/7r6*(?);
E27/94v30; E29/3v6; 3 sg. opt. xwry E24c1.78; E26/7v10; E27/94v12; E28/118A2(?); E30/
4v16, 19*; 1 pl. opt. xwr✏m E27/94v3, 4; xwrym E26/8v5*; 3 pl. opt. xwrynt E26/30r24; 1
sg. subj. xwr⌫n E26/32v32; E27/94v18; 1 sg. inj. xwrw E27/94v16; 3 pl. inj. xwrnt E26/31v4;
2 sg. impv. xwr⌫ E28/22A12; E29/5r1; E30/4r20, v22; 2 pl. impv. xwr+⌫ E26/31v9; 3 sg. subj.
tr. pot. (xwrt)[ qwn⌫t] E26/2r10; 3 sg. tr. pret. xwrd⌫rt Lk24.43 E5/83v*; E23.117; E26/30r22;
3 pl. tr. pret. xwrd⌫rnt 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; E26/31v4; past inf. xwrt E30/4r1*; fut. pt. xwrycyq
E25/1v12; pp. xwrty E26/8v2; S 1 sg. subj. xwr⌫n Frg18.4.
2
xwr- / 2xwrt vb. ‘to swear’ in phrase swqnt + xwr- ‘to swear an oath’ E23.188, 296; E27/69r16
(~ ymy p al ‘to swear’). In Lk1.73 E5/6v xwr- alone translates ymy p al because swqnt is
already present in the sentence: s↵q̇ṇ t qt xwrd⌫rt ‘the oaths which He swore’ (~ mẅmt⌫ d-ym⌫
‘id.’).
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. xwr⌫m E23.188; 1 sg. pres. dur. xwr⌫msq E23.296*; 3 sg. fut. xwrtyq⌫n
E28/16r22; 2 sg. tr. pret. xwrd⌫ry E27/69r16; 3 sg. tr. pret. xwrd⌫rt Lk1.73 E5/6v.
xwr s n GN ‘Khorasan’ E26/12r2.
xwrc q, xwrcy q(?) noun ‘food’ ~ m⌫kwlt⌫ ‘id.’: xwrc⌫q E28/55B2* (–), 65v14; xwrcy⌫q(?) E27/
108r3 (lost fragment, possibly misread by Hansen, see BT XII, 179).
xwrm, S xwrm noun ‘earth, dust’~ ⇡pr⌫ ‘id.’: xwrm E27/69v18; obl. xwrmy E28/93B9 (cf.
Gen2.7); S xwrm O2497.2 (–).—Cf. S *mrcxwrm.
xwrmny adj. ‘made of dust’: pl. xwrmn✏t E27/48v19.
xwrmynqy f. ‘what is of dust’ E27/51v5.
xwrmzt , S xwrmzt (name of a Zoroastrian god) ‘Hormazd’, also used as the name of the first
day of the month: xwrmzt⌫ E27/14r23; S xwrmzt⌫ Cal4v2.
xwrn-: see ywxn-.
xwrsn, xwyrsn noun ‘sunrise, east’ ~ mdn ⌫ ‘id.’ E27/54v25, 26, 28; ~ gb⌫ d-mdn ⌫ ‘eastern
direction’ E26/5v13 (Sims-Williams 1995b, 295 n. 35).
—Forms: xwrsn E27/54v25; obl. xwrsny E27/54v26, 28; E36/3v2; xwyrsny E26/5v13, 30;
E29/6r6.
xwrsnqyr n, xwyrsnqyr n noun ‘eastern direction’ ~ mdn ⌫ ‘east’ Mt2.1, 2 E3v*; E24c1.22;
E28/9r13; ~ gb⌫ d-mdn ⌫ ‘eastern direction’ E26/5v16 (Or. 2084, f. 5v, cited in Sims-Williams
1995b, 295 n. 36).
—Forms: xwrsnqyr⌫n Mt2.1, 2 E3v*; E24c1.22; E26/5v16; E28/9r13; xwyrsnqyr⌫n E26/
5v19*, 26*, 28.
1,2
xwrt: see 1,2xwr-.
3
xwrt, S xwrt noun ‘food, eating, meal, feast’ ~ m⌫kwlt⌫ ‘food’ E23.117; ~ m⌫kl⌫ ‘id.’ E27/
94v12*; ~ g⌫ẅt⌫ ‘delicacies, luxuries’ E23.123; ~ m(twt⌫ ‘feast’ E28/23r16 (cf. 2 Kings 6.23).
Phrases: xwrt *⇠br-/⇠brt ‘to give food’ ~ yhb p al + ⌫kl p al inf. ‘to give (something) to eat’
Mt25.35 E5/126r; xwrt xwr- ‘to eat food’ ~ trsy quad.refl. ‘to be fed’ E26/30r35*; ~ ⌫kl p al
‘to eat’ E26/30r24.—Cf. *pw-xwrt.
—Forms: xwrt Mt25.35 E5/126r; E23.117, 123; E26; E27/94v12*; E28; E29; obl. xwrty E26/
15v13*; E42B4*(?); S xwrt 12600Ir8.
xwrtcyq adj. ‘for eating’ E26/8v4.
xwrtdny m. ‘stomach’ E28/12r11 (~ ⌫s*wmk⌫ ‘id.’), 14 (xwrtdny ⌫t q+⌫ry ‘stomach and belly’ ~
⌫s*wmk⌫).
xwrtqrc noun ‘kitchen’: obl. xwrtqrcy E26/28v19 (~ byt (bt⌫ ‘refectory’, lit. ‘house of the
Sabbath’).
xwr-txyz noun ‘sunset, west’: xwr-txyz E36/3v2f*; obl. xwr-tx✏zy E27/54v26 (~ m⇡rb⌫ ‘id.’).—
Cf. tx✏z.
xwrtxyzqyr n, xwyrtxyzqyr n noun ‘western direction’: xwrtxyzqyr⌫n E26/5v26* (~ gb⌫ d-m⇡rb⌫
‘id.’, Sims-Williams 1995b, 296 n. 39); xwyrtxyzqyr⌫n E26/5v28.
xwrty: see bwd-xwrt✏.
xwrwny: see xrwny.
xwsd⌫r: see 3xw.
xwsm: see xwysm.
*xwsm-brqy f. ‘care’: xwsm-br[qy⌫] E24c3.52 (so to be restored?).
xwsnt, *xwsnd adj. ‘happy, joyful, glad’: (xw)[snd] E30/5v9*; xwsnt E23.208 (xwsnt *b-/qt- ‘to
become glad’ ~ dy p al ‘to rejoice’); E27/31v13 (≈ dwt⌫ ‘joy’); E28/9r6 (≈ id.); E29/4v2,
5r17.
xwsnty , xswnty , xwsny f. ‘joy’ ~ dwt⌫ ‘id.’ E5; E27/40v11, 22, 60v24; E28/9v13, 14r13; ~
p)y wt⌫ ‘cheerfulness’ E27/12v30.
—Forms: xswnty⌫(!) Jn16.21 E5/79r; xwsnty⌫ E5; E26/16r13; E27/12v30, 60v24; E28; E30/
2r16; xwsny⌫ E28/14A13; obl. xwsnt✏⌫ E27/40v11, 22.
xwst: see 3xw.
xw⌫ mnty m. ‘growth’ ~ trbyt⌫ ‘id.’: acc. sg. xw(⌫mntw E27/31v23.—Cf. 3 w(-.
xw(⌫t: see 3 w(-.
xw⌫d ny adj. ‘perfect’: f. xw(d⌫nc E29/5v2, 4, 5.
S *xw⌫myc (Sogdian name of a month): xw[(myc] Cal6v4.
xw⌫myq, S 6-mykw ordinal ‘sixth’: xw(myq ~ d-(t⌫ ‘id.’ E27/39v4; ~ (⌫)(t⌫ ‘(day/year) six’ E27/
55r17*, 68v11, 13; S 6-mykw ~ d-(t⌫ ‘sixth’ Ps6.0*.—Cf. xw(w.
—Forms: xw(myq E26/12v18*; E27/39v4, 55r17*; obl. xw(myqy E27/68v11, 13; S 6-mykw.
xw⌫p ny, S xw⌫p ny m. ‘shepherd’ ~ r⇡y⌫, pl. r̈⇡wt⌫ ‘id.’: xw(p⌫n✏ Mt25.32 E5/125v; xw(p⌫n[y]
E27/1r12; pl. xw(p⌫n✏t Lk2.18 E3v; E27/87v14*; xw(p⌫n-yt E27/83r8; [xw]((p⌫nyt) Lk2.20
E3v; S voc. sg. xw(p⌫n⌫ Hymn 7.
xw⌫rts num. ‘sixteen’ ~ (tt⇡sr ‘id.’: E27/68v12, 22, 69r30; E47A18* (misspelt t(t⇡sr!).
*xw⌫rtsmyq ordinal ‘sixteenth’ ~ d-(tt⇡sr ‘id.’: xw((r)ts(m)[yq] E27/55v14.
xw⌫sty, xw⌫⌫ty num. ‘sixty’ ~ (tyn ‘id.’: xw(sty E28/3r18; xw((ty E27/54r28 (cf. Mt13.23?).
xw(t, xw(+: see 2xw,.
xẅšt⌫: see xw(ty.
xw⌫tr compar. adj. and m. noun ‘elder, superior, chief, chief man, leader’ ~ q(y(⌫ ‘elder’
Lk24.20 E5/72r*; E27/87v1, 18; ~ r(⌫ ‘head, chief’ E27; ~ (ly*⌫, pl. (lÿ*n⌫ ‘chief man’ E27/
26r4; ~ rb⌫, pl. rwr̈bn⌫ ‘noble, chief’ E27/77v7, 12*. Phrases: [xw](⌫)tr bntypy ‘chief jailer’ ~
rb byt ⌫syr̈⌫ ‘prison governor’ E27/22r11; xw⌫tr dynd r ‘chief priest’ ~ rb kḧn⌫ ‘id.’ Mt20.18
E5/34v, Lk24.20 E5/72r; E36/3r5* (cf. Mt26.57); xw⌫tr mw - ‘chief magus, mobed’ ~
mgw(⌫ ‘magus’ E27/22r14, 23r6f*; xw⌫tr ptr- ‘patriarch’ ~ r( ⌫bḧt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/48r20; xw⌫tr
swqb r ‘chief monk’ ~ r(-dyr⌫ ‘abbot’ E26/31v23f; xw⌫tr swqbr nc ‘chief nun’ ~ r(t dyr⌫
‘abbess’ E26/28v14, 36.
—Forms: xw(tr Lk24.20 E5/72r; E26; E27; E28/62v3; E29/7v5*; E36/3r5*; obl. xw(try E27/
51v18*; pl. xw(trt Mt20.18 E5/34v, Lk24.20 E5/72r*; E26/5v8*, 12r9, 21; E27; E28/118B6.
xw⌫try f. ‘dominion, mastery’ E27/51v9, 56v21* (~ mrwt⌫ ‘lordship, dominion’).
xw⌫ty, xẅšt m. ‘master, teacher’ ~ rb⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.24, 25 E5/75v; ~ mlpn⌫ ‘teacher’ E27/11r26*,
48r22, 56v30.
—Forms: xẅšt⌫ E8r5; xw(t✏ Mt10.24, 25 E5/75v; xw-(ty E27/56v30*; xw(ty E8r8; E27/
1v19*(?), 11r26*; E29/6r15; E36; pl. xw(t✏t E28/25A10; xw(t t E28/25A11; xw(tyt E27/
48r22.
xw⌫t⌥q noun of unknown meaning used as a numerator Lk10.36 E5/91r.—Wrongly BT XII, 86
n. 67.
xw⌫w num. ‘six’ ~ (t⌫ ‘id.’ Mt17.1 E5/127v; E47A6 (misspelt t(t⌫!).—Cf. xw(myq.
xw(ywnc, xw(ywnqy⌫, xw(ywny: see x(ywnc, x(ywnqy⌫, x(ywny.
xw⌫ywnqy -mcy f. ‘what belongs to the Kingdom (of Heaven)’: pl. xw(ywnqy⌫-mc✏t E27/
51v8.—Cf. x(ywnqy⌫.
xwt q noun ‘foal of a donkey’ ~ ⇡yl⌫ ‘foal’ E26/27r34.51
xwt w, xwtw, xwd w, xwdw, S xwt w m. ‘lord, master, the Lord’ ~ mry⌫ ‘the Lord, Lord (God)’
Lk2.11 E3r; Lk1.68 E5/6r; Ps; E23.178; E26/30v26; E27/104v2*, 13; E29/2v7 (cf. Ps2.7); ~
mr⌫ ‘Lord’ (referring to Jesus) E26/31r10; ~ mry ‘M#r, my lord, my Lord’ (addressing Jesus)
E24c2.17, 22; (addressing a saint or an angel) E23.133, 154; E25/1r18; E26/24v22; (as an
honorific title for a holy man or an angel) E24c3.22; ~ mrn ‘Our Lord’ (as a title of Jesus)
E27/12v18*, 56v32, 57r4; ~ rb⌫, pl. rwr̈bn⌫ ‘noble, lord’ E26/5v15 (Sims-Williams 1995b, 295
n. 35).—Phrases: xwt w/xwtw b -, S xwt w ⌦ - ‘the Lord God’ ~ mry⌫ ‘the Lord’ Lk2.15
E3r; Mt21.42 E5/38v, Lk1.66 E5/6r, Lk1.76 E5/6v; Ps33.4, 10, 34.8, 9; Creed 2; E27 (chiefly
in Old Testament quotations); E28/5r25, v11*; ~ τῷ κυρίῳ ‘id.’ Ps33.2; exceptionally ~ ⌫lh⌫
‘God’ E27/14v12*; E28/65v13; voc. xwtw b ⌫ ~ mry ‘my Lord’ (addressing God) E27/12r1,
v16, 27v27; (xw)t wty (x)[wt w] ‘Lord of Lords’ (referring to Jesus) ~ mr⌫ mr̈wn ‘id.’ E26/
27r28; xwt w/xwtw y⌫w ‘the Lord Jesus’ ~ y(w⇡ ‘Jesus’ Mt19.18 E2/2v; E5; E27/57r9,
66v4; E28/4v19*; ~ prwqn ‘Our Saviour’ E27/57r20; ~ m ynn ‘Our Life-giver’ E27/57r22;
xwt w m⌫y ‘the Lord Christ’ ~ mrn ‘Our Lord’ E23.66; m x xwt w ‘Our Lord’ ~ mrn ‘id.’
E18v4; E23.74, 148f; E24/2bv1; [m ]x xwt w y⌫w ‘Our Lord Jesus’ ~ y(w⇡ Mt2.1 E3v;
xwt w y⌫w m⌫y ‘the Lord Jesus Christ’ ~ y(w⇡ m(y ⌫ ‘Jesus Christ’ Gal3.26, 28 E6/3r,
Tit3.6 E6/5v*.
—Forms: nxwtw E27/111v2; xwd⌫w E8r5; E26; xwdw E24; xwt⌫w Mt19.18 E2/2v; Mt2.1
E3v, Lk2.11, 15 E3r; E5; Gal3.26, 28 E6/3r, Tit3.6 E6/5v*; E18v4; E19v3*; E20r2*; E23;
E26/2v7*, 27r28*; E27/12v14 (x2), 111v10; E28; E29/2v7; E41.11*; xwtw E27; voc. sg.
xwd⌫w⌫ E25/1r18; E26; xwdw⌫ E24c2.17, 22; xwt⌫w⌫ E23.133, 178; pl. xwd⌫wt E26/5v15;
xwt⌫wt E26/5v9; obl. pl. xwt⌫wty E26/27r28*; E28/68r15*; E29/6v19; S xwt⌫w Ps; Creed 2;
voc. sg. xwt⌫w⌫ Ps.
xwt wy f. ‘lordship’ ~ mrwt⌫ ‘id.’: obl. xwt⌫wy⌫- E27/13v23.
xwt-dmy⌫ m. PN ‘Qut-admï(’ E22.5.
xwtg⌫r: see xwdq⌫r.
xwtw: see xwt⌫w.
xwty, wty, xwdy, xwd adv. ‘(my)self, (him)self, (their)selves’ etc., emphasizing a pers. pron.
expressed or understood; ‘that very’. Usually there is no corresponding word in the Syriac;
exceptionally ~ h ‘the’ Rom11.18 E6/6r.
—Forms: wt✏ E5; wt Rom11.18 E6/6r; xwd E24c1.71; xwdy E24c1.37; xwt✏ E27/60r25;
xwty E26; E27/13v30, 66r1; E28; E29/3r5, 20, v1; E30/1r7*, v16; E36/2v14*, 15.
51
Cf. Bakhtiari xoðu ‘foal of a donkey’, of which I learned from Sima Zolfaghari, Leiden. See now Sims-Williams
forthcoming.
xwty ⇤ m. ‘selfishness’ E26/2r30*.

xwtyn f. ‘lady, mistress, queen’ E27/12v11 (~ bnwg ‘the Lady’, title of the Persian goddess
Anahid), 13r30 (~ mrt⌫ ‘mistress’); E28/27r19* (~ mlkt⌫ ‘queen’?).
xwtyxw⌫ty m. ‘acquaintance’ E26/1r12, 19, 19f*.
xwy r adj. ‘light, insignificant, mean, disreputable, easy’, adv. ‘lightly, easily’: xwy⌫r E23A30;
E27/31v13 (~ p(yq⌫yt ‘easily’), 94r9 (~ mkyk⌫ ‘lowly, humble’); E28/68v6; xwy⌫r xwy⌫r ‘very
easily’ E28/36r4*; pl. xwy⌫rt E28/4r18 (~ (w* p al pass. pt. ‘contemptible, mean’). Phrase
*xwy r prwyrt ‘to render insignificant, devalue’ ~ bsy ap el ‘to cause to disregard’ E28/
12r29*.
xwy ry f. ‘lightness, diminution, disrepute, ease’ E27/57v15 (~ msbrnwt⌫ ‘suspicion’(!)—the
translator evidently read *mbsrnwt⌫ ‘contempt’, see BT XII, 117); E28/11r12 (MS xw⌫ry⌫).
Phrase xwy ry (...) wn- ‘to belittle’ E27/68v17 (~ bsr pa el ‘to despise’), 69v23* (~ (w* p al
‘to treat with contempt’); E28/16r24 (MS xwy⌫y⌫), 58A6*.
xwyc, xwc f. ‘pain, illness, disease’ ~ kwrhn⌫ ‘illness’ E27/60r28, 94v4; ~ k⌫b⌫ ‘pain’ E27/
60v17.—Cf. xw⌫c.
—Forms: xwc E27/51v2, 60r28; xwyc E28/16r25; obl. xwcy E27/60v17*, 94v4.
xwycq, xwcq adj. ‘open, unbound, free’ ~ (ry p al pass. pt. ‘unbound, free’ E27/22r16; E28/
12v4; with b-/qt- ‘to become open’ ~ pt etp el ‘to be opened’ Lk1.64 E5/6r; E27/23v3; ~ pt
etpa al ‘id.’ Lk24.31 E5/72v, Jn9.10 E5/100r*; with (q)wn-/qt- ‘to make open’ ~ pt p al ‘to
open’ E27/22r9; ~ pt pa el ‘to open (the eyes of a blind man)’ E5; E24c1.26, c2.20; ≈ pt
etp el E27/91r8. (For a supposed instance of xwycq in the sense ‘naked’ see s.v. srcq.)
—Forms: xwcq E27; E28/12v4; xw✏cq Lk1.64 E5/6r, Jn9.10*, 14 E5/100r; xwycq E5;
E24c1.26, c2.20, c3.71; pl. xwcqt E27/22r9.
*xwycq-q r adj. ‘releasing’, only in phrase (xw)[y](cq-q⌫r✏) (p)[w](st✏) ‘releasing document’ ~
ktb⌫ d-dwll⌫ ‘bill of divorce’ Mt5.31 E5/28r.
*xwycq wy m. ‘explanation’: xw(ycq)[⌫wy] E29/3r21 (~ p(r⌫ ‘id.’, cf. Dan2.9).
xwycqy , xwcqy f. ‘laxity’: xwcqy⌫ E27/31r4 (~ (rywt⌫ ‘id.’); obl. xwcqy⌫y E28/77r21; xwycqy⌫y
E28/18r22.—The meaning ‘explanation’ assumed for the two instances in E28 in BT XLII,
310, is probably incorrect (see above s.v. (wqy⌫), as is the meaning ‘illness, sickness’ pro-
posed in BT XII, 72. See Pirtea in BT XLV, 128-9.
xwycn q, xwcn q, xw⇡n q adj. ‘ill, sick’ ~ krh p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ Mt25.36, 39 E5/126r*; Mt25.43
E5/126v*; E27/60v10; E28/12r15; with *b-/*qt- ‘to become ill’ ~ krh etp el or etpa al ‘id.’
E27/66v7*, 104v18*.—In E28/12r11 nyz⌫wr ‘weak’ and xwcn⌫q ‘sick’ together translate krh
p al pass. pt.
—Forms xwcn⌫q E28/12r11, 15 (MS xwcn⌫qt); xw✏cn⌫q Mt25.39 E5/126r*, Mt25.43 E5/
126v*; xwycn⌫q Mt25.36 E5/126r*; E29/3r3*; xw,n⌫q E27; pl. xwcn⌫qt E30/2r17; obl. pl.
[x](w)ycn⌫qty E28/25B10*.
1
xwyr: see xwr.
2
xwyr, S xwyr vb. ‘to cause to eat, feed’ ~ trsy quad. ‘to feed’ Mt25.37 E5/126r*; ~ ⌫kl ap el ‘to
cause to eat’ E27/94v26. Phrases: ntwxc xwyr, S ntwxcw xwyr ‘to distress’ E26/1v22*;
Ps20.1 (≈ ⌫l) etp el ‘to be distressed’); c⌫nt xw r ‘to enable to drink’ ~ (qy ap el ‘id.’ Mt25.37
E5/126r*.
—Forms: [1 pl. fut. [x](wyrym)q⌫ Mt6.31 E1/2v: mistake for xwrymq⌫, see 1xwr-]; 3 pl. #z-
impf. xwyr⌫znt E28/86A3; 2 sg. impv. xwyr E26/1v22; 2 pl. impv. xwyrt E27/94v26; 1 pl. tr.
pret. xw✏rd⌫r m Mt25.37 E5/126r*; [xwyr]d⌫r m ibid.; S 3 pl. tr. pret. xwyr[⌫r⌫nt] Ps20.1.
xwyrsn, xwyrsnqyr⌫n, xwyrtxyzqyr⌫n: see xwrsn, xwrsnqyr⌫n, xwrtxyzqyr⌫n.

xwysm, xwsm noun ‘care, solicitude, trouble, effort’ ~ y)ypwt⌫ ‘care, solicitude’ E28/12r26;
with x- or b- ‘to be a (matter of) concern (to)’ ~ b*l p al pass. pt. or etp el (+ l-) ‘id.’ Lk10.34,
40 E5/91r. Phrase xwysm br- ‘to take trouble, take care’ ~ y)p p al ‘to care, care for’
Mt10.19 E5/75r*, Lk10.35 E5/91r, Lk10.41 E5/91v; E27/60v10*; E28/5r18*, 20, 8v6.—Cf.
*xwsm-brqy⌫.
—Forms: xwsm E24c3.56; xw✏sm E5; xwysm Mt10.19 E5/75r*; E20r5; E27/51r29, 60v10;
E28; E29/5r12; obl. xwysmy E26/12r10*.
xwysm-bryny adj. ‘taking care’ E20r5.
xw⌥sm-bryny-str compar. adv. ‘very carefully’ ~ y)yp⌫yt ‘carefully’ Lk1.3 E4*.
xwyzy adj. ‘strong, firm’: xwyz✏ E28/12v22 (+ b- ‘to become strong’ ~ qwm etpa al ‘to be
established’); pl. xwyz✏t E28/19v13.
1
xwz noun ‘request’, only in the phrase xwz xw⇡/xw⌫⇠ ‘to ask a request’ ~ b⇡y p al ‘to request’
E24c3.5, 6; E26/31v28 (xwzxw,) (–).—Cf. 1xw,.
2
xwz vb. ‘to test, try, examine’: 3 sg. pres. xwzt E27/102r18 (~ bqy p al ‘id.’), 19 (~ b r p al
‘id.’); 3 pl. inj. xwznt E27/40v15 (~ b)y p al ‘to investigate’). Pres. pt. xwzny as m. noun
‘examiner’: voc. sg. xwzn⌫ E27/102v30 (~ b r p al).
xwz mnty m. ‘examination’ E27/54r17.
xwzxw, = 1xwz + 2xw,.
xwzyst n GN ‘Khuzistan’: obl. xwzyst⌫ny E26/12r4.
1
xw⇡ noun ‘request’ E23A23.—Cf. 1xwz.
2
xw⇡, w⇡ / xw⌫t, xw⌫⇠, S xw / xw⌫t- vb. ‘to ask (for), request, beg’ ~ (⌫l p al ‘id.’ E5; Col1.9
E32/2r; E23.106, 108; E27/94r13, 104v11; E28/5v16; ~ b⇡y p al ‘id.’ Jn16.26 E5/79v;
Ps24.6*; E26/32r4; E27/68r4. Phrases: n d [w⇡] ‘to beg a favour’ ~ b⇡y p al E28/10v28*;
⇠b r w⇡ ‘to request alms’ ~ dr p al ‘to go around, beg’ Lk16.3 E5/48r; xwz xw⇡/xw⌫⇠ ‘to
ask a request’ ~ b⇡⌫ p al ‘to request’ E24c3.5, 6; E26/31v28 (xwzxw,) (–).
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. (as subj.) xw,m E23.106; 3 sg. pres. xw,t E27/104v11; 3 pl. pres. xw,nt
E28/5v16; 1 sg. pres. dur. [w,msq] E28/10v28; xw,msq E27/68r4; 3 sg. pres. dur. xw,+sq
E24c3.6; 1 pl. pres. dur. xw,ymsq Col1.9 E32/2r; 1 sg. fut. w,ng⌫ Jn16.26 E5/79v; 3 sg. fut.
xw,tq⌫n E28/16v17; 2 pl. fut. w,t⌫q⌫ Jn16.23 E5/79r; w,tg⌫ Jn16.26 E5/79v; 3 sg. impf. w,
E28/44r4*(?); xw, E27/94r13; 3 pl. impf. xw,nt E26/9v5; 3 sg. opt. xw,y E23.108; 1 pl. opt.
xw,✏m E28/23v12; 3 pl. opt. xw,✏nt E28/23v6; 3 pl. opt. dur. xw,yntqn E28/23r5; 2 pl.
inj.(?) w,t⌫ Jn16.23 E5/79r; 2 sg. impv. xw, E26/1v9*, 13, 31v28 (xwzxw,); E28/11r2,
24B15; 2 pl. impv. w,t⌫ Jn16.24 E5/79r; pres. inf. pr ... w, Lk16.3 E5/48r (pr +b⌫r w,); 1
sg. tr. pret. xw(d⌫r[m] E23A23* (thus Henning apud Gershevitch 1946, 184, and Benveniste
1947, 107 n. 4; ed. xw(d⌫[rt]); 2 sg. tr. pret. xw,d⌫ry E26/32r4; 3 sg. tr. pret. w,d⌫rt Lk1.63
E5/6r; xw(+⌫t E24c3.5; 2 pl. tr. pret. w,d⌫ry(t⌫ Jn16.24 E5/79r; past inf. xw,t E28/16v14*;
pp. xw,ty E29/6r12; S 3 sg. pres. xw⇣t Ps24.6*; 3 sg. tr. pret. xw(⌫rt (altered from 3 sg. impf.
xw⇣) Ps20.1.
xw⇡ mnty m. ‘request, demand’: xw,⌫mnt✏ ~ (⌫lt⌫ ‘request’ E27/57v3; xw,⌫mnty( E28/16r20.
xw,⌫mnty( = xw,⌫mnty + -(.
xw,qy⌫: see *ptn-xw,qy⌫, +b⌫r-xw,qy⌫.
xw,n⌫q: see xwycn⌫q.
xy r noun ‘hireling, hired worker’: pl. xy⌫rt E26/12v7, 12.
xyd, S xy↵ (i) dem. adj. and pron. ‘that, that (one), that (thing), those, those (ones)’ ~ h↵, hẏ
‘that, that (person), that (thing)’ NT+; Creed 11; ~ h /h ‘he, it’ E26/25v20; E27/31v30 (xyd
xcy ‘that is’ ~ hw-yw ‘it is’); E28/12r25; ~ hd⌫ ‘this’ E27/31r16, v10; ~ h ‘the’ E26/24v14;
E27/60r5; (ii) particle emphasizing a following adverbial or noun phrase, usually correspond-
ing to the Syr. construction prep. + 3 sg. suffix + prep. + noun phrase (Nöldeke 1898, §222),
e.g. xyd cn tmp⌫r ~ mnh mn pgr⌫ 1Cor12.15*, 16 E6/20r; similarly xyd kn+y ~ bḣ b-mdynt⌫
E26/27v7, xyd w⌫x( myd⌫ny ~ ⇡mḣ d-mlth E26/27v17, xyd dymy+ [... p]rw ~ ⇡mḣ d-)lwth
E26/32v4f, x-yd prywyd ... y⌫n-+b⌫rqy⌫ ~ bḣ b-mwhbt⌫ E27/54v21f, xyd w-yd x(p⌫ ~ bh b-lly⌫
ḣw E27/68v6f; exceptionally xyd prywyd m-y+ ~ b-h↵ ywm⌫ E27/54v22; xyd y⌫n⌫ ‘this’ ~ h
hd⌫ ‘id.’ E28/12v17. Phrases: w nc nw xyd n x ‘as if’ ~ ⌫yk h↵ d- ‘id.’ E28/14r14; xyd d⇢y qy
‘that person who’ ~ h h↵ d- ‘he who’ E27/60v6; xyd y⌫t/ ct ‘those things’ ~ hlyn ‘these
(things)’ E27/31v16; E28/7r2; xyd (...) qy/qt ‘that/those (...) which’ ~ ⌫yn⌫/⌫ylyn (...) d- ‘id.’
E26/28r4*; E27/104r9*; E28/14v4*; xyd n m ‘at that time’ ~ hydyn ‘then’ E24c2.15; E29/
8v6*; ~ br (⇡th ‘at that very moment’ E26/26v17.
—Forms: x✏d E5; E28/7v7; x-yd E27/54v21; xyd E5; Tit3.6 E6/5v*; E23.136; E24c2.15,
c3.21, 25; E25/1r14, v2, 3; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/6v9; E36/1v4*, 3v14*; E38B6; S xy
Creed 11. Combined: xymy Cal4v3*.
S xymy = xy (see xyd) + my (see 2my+).
xyd-p t, xyd-p ty adv. ‘on that occasion, then’: xyd-p⌫t E38B6; xyd-p⌫ty E36/2v8.
xyp⇠, xypt, S xyp↵ possessive adj. (i) reflexive, referring to the subject of the clause ‘my, our,
your, his, her, its, their’ ~ -y, -n, -k, -ky, -kwn, -kyn, -h, -ḣ, -hwn ‘id.’ NT+ (in E5 only used
for the 3rd person); Ps; Hymn 6*, 7; Creed 3, 4, 9; (ii) marking an immediately preceding
noun or pron. as gen. in function, often without equivalent in the Syriac text, sometimes ~ d-
‘of’ Lk1.1 title E4; Jn9.28 E5/101r; Gal3.29 E6/3r; Ps; E23.241, 285; E24; E26/24v12,
31v27, 32v1; E27/94r28; E28/3v15, 4v23; ~ construct state ‘of’ E26/31r24; ~ dyl- ‘own’ E5;52
1Cor5.7 E6/7r, Tit3.5 E6/5r*; Hymn 9; E26/25v12*; E27; (iii) as noun ‘(what is one’s) own,
property, servant’: E26/3r25; E28/23r7; E30/3v8*(?); (iv) ‘his, their’, not referring to the
subject of the clause: ~ -h, -hwn ‘id.’ Mt21.41 E5/38v, Lk12.42 E5/130v; E28/3r25.
—Forms: x✏p+ Lk1.1 title E4; E5; xyp+ E5; E6; E8v2*, 4, 6; E10/2A2; E11.5*; E19r2*, v4*,
6; E20r2*, 4, 7; E23; E24; E25/1v10; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30; E31r13, v10*; E33B6;
E34v14*; E36; E51A5*; xypt E27/39r3, 51r13*, 60v2*; obl. xyp+y E26/3r25; pl. xyp+t
E20r6*(?); obl. pl. [xyp+]t Jn15.19 E5/73v; xyp+ty E27/12r3, 12v14*, 23v28; S xyp Ps;
Hymn 6*, 7; Creed 3, 4, 9; 12600Iv12, IIv6*, 20222br2, 20223v7, 20227v[m]; pl. xypt
Hymn 9. Combined: nxyp+ E27/51r7*; wxyp+ E27/104v16*; yxyp+ E27/27r1*, 60r23,
68r29; obl. yxyp+y E27/94r19; yxypty E27/61r25.
xyp⇠ wnt, xyp⇠ wn⇠, *xyp⇠ wnd, S xyp↵ wnt m. ‘owner, master, lord; the Lord’ ~ mr⌫, mr-, pl.
mr̈⌫, mr̈wt⌫ ‘owner, master, lord’ NT+; rarely ~ mry⌫ ‘the Lord (God)’ E27/27v24*; E29/1r8
(cf. Lk10.27); ~ ⌫lh⌫ ‘God’ E27/68r12; ~ mry ‘my Lord’ (addressing God) E27/27r5; voc. sg.
xyp+⌫wnt⌫ ~ mry ‘my lord’ (addressing a man) E26/25v8, 28r5.—Phrases: m x xyp⇠ wnt (i)
‘our master’ (referring to a man) ~ mrn ‘id.’ Lk19.25 E5/125v; (ii) ‘Our Lord’ as a title of
Jesus (also written m⌫xyp+⌫wnt, q.v.) ~ mrn ‘id.’ E26/23v12*(?), 26r20f*(?), 27r27*(?); E30/
1r5*(?); mn xyp⇠ wnt ‘my master’ ~ mry ‘id.’ Lk16.3, 5, 7 E5/48r; usually voc. sg. mn⌫
52
Note the extreme literalism in Lk10.35 E5/91r, where y)p dylh ‘take care of him’ is translated xw✏sm br⌫ wyn✏
xyp+ as if dylh had its common meaning ‘his own’.
xyp+⌫wnt⌫ ~ mry ‘id.’ (addressing a man) Lk19.16, 18, 20 E5/125r; ‘my Lord’ (addressing
Jesus) Lk10.40 E5/91r, Jn9.36, 38 E5/101v.
—Forms: [xyp](+)[⌫]wnd E25/3A3; xyp+⌫wnt E5; Gal4.1 E6/3v; E23.335*; E26; E27; E28;
E29; E30/1r5*, 2r3*, 5v2 (MS xyp+wnt!); E34v13*; E36/2v10; xyp+⌫wn+ E8v10; obl.
xyp+⌫wnt E5; xyp+⌫wnty Jn20.25 E5/76v; E26; E27; E28; E30/5r16*, 18*; [E36/3r9: see
m⌫xyp+⌫wnt]; voc. sg. xyp+⌫wnt⌫ E5; E26/25v8, 27v24*, 28r5; pl. xyp+⌫wntt E27/12r11; voc.
pl. xyp+⌫wnty E27/12r26; S xyp⌫wnt E44/24r1.
xyr / xrt, xr⇠, S xrt vb. ‘to go, travel, go out, go away’ ~ ⌫zl p al ‘to go’ NT+; ~ zq p al ‘to go
away’ Mt21.33 E5/38r; ~ (ny pa el ‘to depart’ E25/1v20; E26/31r28; E27/60r25; E28/5r24; ~
qrb p al ‘to approach’ E28/10v26; ~ npq p al ‘to go out’ E26/24r24* (rest.!); E27/60r27; ~
rdy p al ‘to travel’ E26/30r21* (rest.!); ~ dbr etpa al ‘to conduct oneself’ E26/31v26.
Phrases: pnt xyr/xrt ‘to draw near’ E26/8r7, 25v6 (~ qrb p al), 27v10 (~ id.); E28/17v16;
E29/6r4; ⇡ rt swdn *xyr/xrt ‘to go quickly hurrying’ ~ rh* p al ‘to hurry’ E26/24v29.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. xyrt E28/59A6*; 1 sg. impf. xyrw E26/8r7; 3 sg. impf. x✏r E27/60r25;
E28/17v16; xyr E26/15r14*; E27/60v25, Bv30; E28; 1 sg. itr. pret. xrtym Jn9.11 E5/100r;
E28/5r24; 2 sg. itr. pret. xrty( E28/35A3; 3 sg. itr. pret. xrt Mt21.29*, 30, 33 E5/38r; E23.96;
E26; E29/6r4, v16; E36/1r6; 1 pl. itr. pret. [xrty]m⌫[n] E26/24r24; 3 pl. itr. pret. xrtnd E25/
1r13*, v20; xrtnt Lk2.15 E3r*; Lk24.24 E5/72r; E26/30r21*; xr+n+ E24c1.44; past inf. xrt
E27/13r16. Pp. xrty ‘gone, gone out’: xrt✏ E27/60r27; xrty E26/2v27*, 30r27, 31v26; E28/
11r18; pl. xrtyt E26/25r25; S f. xrc 12600Iv2.
*xy⇡yq(?), S xyz- ykh or yz- ykh noun, name of a particular stringed instrument ~ knr⌫ ‘id.’
Ps33.2.53
S xẓ-⌫ky⌫: see *⇠zqy⌫.
y-, y⌫: see 2wy⌫.
y b vb. ‘to wander’: 1 sg. pres. dur. [y⌫](b)msq E27/83v6 ([y⌫](b)msq ybt✏ ‘I wander astray’ ~
phy p al ‘to wander’); 3 pl. opt. mid. y⌫byt✏[n](t) E28/2ar9 (~ id.); 3 sg. subj. y⌫ḃt E28/11r8; 2
sg. impv. y⌫b E28/11r24.
y b qc f. ‘wandering, distraction’ ~ phy⌫ ‘id.’: E27/31v15; E28/12r18, v25.
—Forms: y⌫b⌫qc E28/12r18, v25, 14v4*, 114A5*; obl. y⌫b⌫qcy E27/31v15; pl. y⌫b⌫qct
E31r15*.
y b mnty m. ‘wandering’ E31r4.
y b-p dqy f. ‘id.’ E28/16r28.
y n noun ‘request, favour’ E27/68r15 (~ (⌫lt⌫ ‘request’); E28/23v12, 24B15*.
y n dem. pron. and adj., nom. sg. f. ‘this’ E27/12v11 (~ hd⌫ ‘id.’), 68r17; E28/8v22 (~ id.),
12v17 (xyd y⌫n⌫ ‘this’ ~ h hd⌫ ‘id.’).
y nbry adj. ‘begging, entreating’ E26/27v22.
y nn m. PN ‘Jonah’ E22.7*.
y nt, y ntt dem. adj. and pron., pl. ‘these’ ~ hlyn ‘id.’ Mt6.32 E1/2v*; Lk2.19 E3v*; E5; E27/
66v6, 102v18*, 104r7; E28/3r8* (rest.!), 27*.
—Forms: y⌫nt Mt6.32 E1/2v* (ed. [x](⌫nt), recte [y](⌫nt)); Lk2.19 E3v*; E5; E27; E28; E30/
1r1*; y⌫ntt E28/3r27*, 23r23.
y n⇠b rqy , y ntb rqy f. ‘grace, favour, blessing’ ~ mwhbt⌫ ‘gift, favour’ E27/31v25, 54v22,
57v9; E28/3r23f, 12r27; ~ (wkn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31v3.
53
This word is attested as xy(⌫g in a Christian Uygur text from Qurutqa, see Zieme 1981, 230-31; 2015, 109, line 25.
—Forms: y⌫n+b⌫rqy⌫ E24c3.35f (ed. °+brqy⌫, read °+b⌫rqy⌫ with Cat.); E27/31v25 (MS
°+br⌫qy⌫!), 54v22; E28; y⌫nt-b⌫rqy⌫ E28/3r23f; obl. y⌫n-+b⌫rq✏⌫ E27/57v9; pl. y⌫n-+b⌫rq✏t E27/
31v3; y⌫n+b⌫rqyt E31v8*.
y r noun ‘quarrel’ E26/30r33 (y⌫r *wn-/qt- ‘to make a quarrel’ ~ n)y p al ‘to quarrel’).
y⌫t: see x-.
y tqwny noun ‘sorcery, magic, witchcraft’ ~ r(wt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/40v7; ~ r̈(⌫ ‘sorceries, magic
spells’ E27.
—Forms: [y⌫](tq)[wn]-(y) E27/23r10; y⌫tqwny E27.
y twq m. ‘sorcerer, magician’ ~ r(⌫ ‘id.’ E23.80*; E27/22v4, 65v25*; E28/27v22.
—Forms: y⌫twq E23.80*; E27/22v4, 65v25*; E28/23r22, 27v22; E29/6r11, v5; obl. y⌫twqy
E29/6v11; pl. y⌫twqt E30/4v10.
y twqy f. ‘sorcery, magic, witchcraft’ E23A10 (~ r(wt⌫ ‘id.’); E27/23r26 (~ r̈(⌫ ‘sorceries,
magic spells’).
y ty m. ‘meat, flesh’ ~ bsr⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.39 E5/83r; E27/94v3, 105r8*.
—Forms: y⌫t✏ Lk24.39 E5/83r; y⌫ty E29/5r1, 22; acc. sg. y⌫tw E27/94v3, 105r8*.
*y x mnty m. ‘reproach’(?): acc. sg. (y)⌫x⌫(m)[n](t)[w] E27/120v4.
y ywmb f. ‘flax, linen, linseed’ E38B9.
ybwstny = y- (see 2wy⌫) + bwstny.
ycy: see x-.
yd: see ⌫ d.
ydbry⌫ = y- (see 2wy⌫) + dbry⌫.
ydbtyq = y- (see 2wy⌫) + dbtyq.
ydrqrt E27/25r3: mistake for yzdqrt.
ydx(ty⌫ = y- (see 2wy⌫) + dx(ty⌫.
ydywyd = y- (see 2wy⌫) + dywyd.
yfcmbdy = y- (see 2wy⌫) + fcmbdy.
y qwb, S *y kwp m. PN ‘Jacob, James’: y qwb Mt17.1 E5/127v, Lk6.14, 15 E5/91v; E30/
1r9*; obl. y qwb Lk6.16 E5/91v; S [y ](kw)p Ps24.6.
y nyc noun ‘dragon’(?) E28/109r20.
y rt- adj. ‘prosperous, strong’: nom. sg. m. as f. y rty E24c3.43.
y rtmnqy f. ‘long-suffering, patience’ E28/65r15.
y rtp znqy f. ‘id.’ Col1.11 E32/2v (~ mgrt rw ‘id.’); E27/104r16* (~ ngyrwt rw ⌫ ‘id.’).
y rtp zny f. ‘id.’ E26/24v15 (with qwn- ‘to perform long-suffering’, i.e. ‘be patient’ ~ ngr ap el
+ rw ⌫ ‘id.’); E28/25A4*, 65r17*, 68r7*.
y rty q f. ‘openness, open country, relief’ E27/54r18, 120r7 (~ ⌫rw t⌫ ‘id.’); E28/16v16.
y w-, y⌅ - m. ‘yoke’ ~ nyr⌫ ‘id.’: nom. sg. y wy E27/27v2; acc. sg. y w E27/27v1; abl. sg.
y ⌫ E28/18r27 (–).
yhwd GN ‘Judaea’: yhwd Lk6.17 E5/91v; obl. yhwd Lk1.65 E5/6r.
yhwd , S yxw↵ m. PN ‘Judah, Judas’: yhwd⌫ Lk6.16 E5/91v (x2); E24c1; E26/24r35; S yxw⌫
O2497.5.
yqr- m. ‘liver’: nom. as acc. sg. yqry E26/16r16, v2*, 18, 19.
yq⌫- m. ‘fiend’: pl. yq(y(t E27/12r2 (≈ *wp⌫ ‘rapacious, ravenous’).
yld (Syr.) ‘Nativity’ E26/23r5.
ym⌫ny = y- (see 2wy⌫) + m⌫ny.
ym⌫x = y- (see 2wy⌫) + 1m⌫x.
ymlyk m. PN ‘Yamlik#’ E27/77r7*, 14, 17.

ymyk⌫ = y- (see 2wy⌫) + myk⌫.
ynm⌫cy = y- (see 2wy⌫) + nm⌫cy.
yntwq ny m. ‘Indian’ ~ hndwy⌫ ‘id.’: obl. pl. yntwq⌫nyt✏ E27/56v9.
yp q, S yp k m. ‘anger’ ~ rwgz⌫ ‘id.’ Ps6.2; E26/30v21; E27/61v16*, 66r3; E28/13a15 (?—see
BT XLII, 225); ~ mt⌫ ‘fury’ E27/120r6; ≈ rgz p al ‘to be angry’ E28/5r14*; ≈ mt etpa al
‘to be furious’ E27/69r11. Phrases: yp q ny ‘to anger’ E28/11r10(?); yp q ⌫qr- ‘to be angry’
~ rgz p al ‘id.’ E26/5v15 (cf. Sims-Williams 1995a, 295 n. 35).
—Forms: yp⌫q E26/5v15, 16r14; E27; E28; E30/5r13*; obl. yp⌫q✏ E28/109r28; yp⌫q E28/
11v17; yp⌫qy E26/30v21; E27/120r6; S yp⌫k Ps6.2.
yp qbry adj. ‘angry’: yp⌫qbr✏ E27/22v2 (with b- ‘to be angry’ ~ mt etpa al ‘to be furious’);
yp⌫qbry E26/15v9.
yp qbry f. ‘anger’ E23.285.
yp qbrystr compar. adj. ‘angrier’ E27/23r7.
yr⌫+y = y- (see 2wy⌫) + r⌫+y.
ysmwtry⌫ = y- (see 2wy⌫) + smwtry⌫.
ysr yl, ysryl m. ‘Israel’ ~ (⌫)ysr(⌫)yl Lk1.68 E5/6r; E27/60r1* (cf. Ex32.4), 94v24. Phrase ysr( )yl
̈
rm- ‘the people Israel’ ~ ⌫ysryl ‘Israel’ Lk24.21 E5/72r, Jn1.31 E5/19v; ~ bny ⌫ysr⌫yl ‘sons of
Israel’ E24c1.32.
—Forms: ysr⌫yl Lk1.68 E5/6r, Lk24.21 E5/72r, Jn1.31 E5/19v; ysryl E24c1.32; E27/60r1*,
94v24; E29/1v9.
ysr ylyq, ysrylyq(?) adj. ‘Israelite’: ysr(yl)[yq](?) E36/1v2; pl. ysr⌫yl qt Lk1.80 E5/6v (~ ⌫ysryl
‘Israel’); obl. pl. ysr⌫✏l qt Mt10.23 E5/75v (~ byt ⌫ysryl ‘land of Israel’).
yst⌫: see x-.
*y(t-: see *yz-.
y⌫w , S y⌫ w (?) m. PN ‘Jesus’ ~ y(w⇡ ‘id.’ E24c1.51; E27/56v32, 57r4. Phrases: xwt( )w y⌫w
‘the Lord Jesus’ ~ y(w⇡ ‘Jesus’ Mt19.18 E2/2v; E5; E27/57r9, 66v4; E28/4v19*; ~ prwqn
‘Our Saviour’ E27/57r20; ~ m ynn ‘Our Life-giver’ E27/57r22; [m ]x xwt w y⌫w ‘Our Lord
Jesus’ ~ y(w⇡ Mt2.1 E3v.—Cf. mrn-y(w , y(w m(y⇠⌫, ⌫[...]-⌫y(w .
—Forms: y(w passim; obl. y(w y E27/57r4; E28/4v19* (rest.!); S y(()⌫w (?) Cross r.
y⌫w br nwn m. PN ‘Joshua son of Nun’ E36/3r14.
y⌫w m⌫y , S y⌫w *m⌫yx m. PN ‘Jesus Christ’ ~ y(w⇡ m(y ⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.1 title E4; Creed 2;
E18r8, v10; E23.74, 149; E26/26r21*, 31r9; E27/12v19, 91v5, 108v3; ~ y(w⇡ ‘Jesus’ E28/
3v29. Phrases: m x xyp⇠ wnt y⌫w m⌫y ‘Our Lord Jesus Christ’ ~ y(w⇡ m(y ⌫ Rom6.4 E32/
1r*; E27/57r18; xwt w y⌫w m⌫y ‘the Lord Jesus Christ’ ~ y(w⇡ m(y ⌫ Gal3.26, 28 E6/3r,
Tit3.6 E6/5v*.—Cf. m(y⇠⌫, y(w .
—Forms: y(w m(y⇠⌫, y(w m(y⇠⌫ passim; obl. y(w m(y⇠⌫ Tit3.6 E6/5v; S ⌫y(w [m(yx](⌫)
Creed 2.
yt⌫ry = y- (see 2wy⌫) + t⌫ry.
1
yty conj. (i) ‘and’ ~ w- ‘id.’ E26; E27; E28; E30/4v7 (cf. SA Syr. 13); ~ dyn ‘but’ E26/27v7; ~
⌫l⌫ ‘id.’ E27/25r5; ~ ⌫w ‘or’ E26/30r30; ~ kd ‘while’ E26/31v25; E28/9v25; ~ ⇡m ‘with’ E27/
12v7, 26r3; (ii) as encl. particle after the first word or phrase of a clause (commonly a rel. or
interrog. pron. or adv.), usually without any equivalent in the Syriac, exceptionally ~ kyt
‘indeed’ E27/27r10*; (iii) ‘that, so that, (in) that, for’ ~ d- ‘id.’ E26/27r4; E27; (iv) ‘then’,
introducing a main clause after a subordinate clause(?): E26/16v13, 25r24; (v) as line-filler:
E26/24r13, v28, 25r3, 32r6*(?).—Cf. 1⌫t, ZY. The spelling yty is attested only in E26, E27,
E28 and E30.
2
yty: see (w-.
yty f. ‘chance’ ~ swqbl⌫ ‘id.’ E27/60v26. Phrase pr [yt](y ) ‘by chance’ ~ ⇡ry)⌫yt ‘accidentally’
E27/55v30.
yw, S yw num. ‘one; a, a certain’ ~ d ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 1, 2, 11; ~ ⌫ ‘1’ E47A1*; ~ ⌫ rn⌫, f. ⌫ rt⌫
‘another’ E26/28v15; E28/65v9. As an indefinite article ‘a, a certain’, sometimes added where
there is no equivalent word in the Syriac (E5+). Phrases: yw c f ‘how much more’ ~ d km⌫
‘id.’ Mt10.25 E5/75v (a word for word translation of the Syriac idiom); yw cn dbtyq(y) ‘one
̈
from another’ ~ d mn d ‘id.’ Mt25.32 E5/125v*; ~ ⇡m dd⌫ ‘with one another’ E27/57r17;
yw dndbtyqy ‘one with another’ ~ d l- d ‘one to another’ E28/109v25 (cf. Jn13.34); yw
̈
ndbtyqy/dbtyqy ‘one to another’ ~ d l- d Tit3.3 E6/5r; E27/77r13; ~ l-ḥdd⌫ ‘to one another’
̈
E27/57r16; yw qw dbtyq s ‘one to another’ ~ d l- d Lk24.32 E5/72v*; ~ l-ḥdd⌫ E27/87r10;
yw m wn (i) as adv. ‘like, likewise, alike’ E28/1r11, 14v14 (~ (wy⌫yt ‘equally’), 20v12; E29/
2r6, 3r7*; E42B1f*; (ii) as postp. ‘like’ ~ ⌫kwt- ‘like’ E27/65v27; yw p r⌥q ‘altogether’ E28/
18r30; ; [yw m⇢y⇠] ... yw m⇢y⇠ ... ‘one day ... one day ...’ ~ ywm⌫ ... ywm⌫ ... ‘(one) day ...
(another) day ...’ E27/31r1; yw pyrnmstr ‘first of all’ E28/17v4; yw wy q(y), S yw wy qy ‘in
one place, together’ ~ ⌫k d(⌫), ⌫yk d⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.36 intro E5/83r* (see Cat., 37); Hymn 8; E27/
60v30*, 111v8*; E28/7r25*; yw yw d ‘each person’ ~ ⌫n( ⌫n( ‘id.’ Mt16.27 E5/127r*; yw
yw ‘each, a single’ ~ d d ‘id.’ E27/40r8, 14; ~ d E28/8r12; yw ywtr ‘each one’ ~ d d
Lk16.5 E5/48r; ≈ mdm mdm ‘various things’ E28/9v17; wysp- yw yw/ywtr ‘every single
(one)’ ~ kl d d ‘id.’ Lk19.15 E5/125r*; 1Cor12.18 E6/20v*; ~ d d E27/40r14; E28/
3r10f*; ~ kl d ‘each’ E28/3r14; wysp- yw ‘each (one)’ ~ kl d d E27/40r18; ~ d d E27/
54v19; ~ kl d E27/54v20; yw pr + num. ‘...-fold’, e.g. yw pr b(t)[⌫] ‘sevenfold’ E26/1v12;
yw pr z⌫r ZY yw pr brywr ‘thousandfold and tenthousandfold’ E26/23v7.—Cf. yw-⌫rdq, yw-
b⌫t, yw-dbtq , ywqws, yw-mync, ywp⌫tqy, yw-pnc⌫s⌫, yw-s tm⌫ny⌫, yw-(mbd, *yw-wyst, yw-
wystmyq.
—Forms: ẏw Lk16.5 E5/48r; E6; y↵(?) E27/48v18*, 87r1*; yw E5; Gal3.28 E6/3r, Tit3.3
E6/5r; E23.88, 139, 166; E26; E27; E28; E29; E36/3r11*, 15*; E38B7; E42B1; E47A1*; obl.
yw Lk16.13 E5/48v (x2); S ⌫yw Creed 1, 2, 11; O2497.3; 12600IIr2, 20223v5; ⌫y-w
20227r14*(?).
1
yw r, yw rt, S yw r conj. ‘but, yet, nevertheless, except’ ~ ⌫l⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; ~ brm ‘id.’ Lk19.27 E5/
125v; E27/23v4; E28/3v18; ~ dyn ‘but’ E23A8; E27/60r7; ~ bl wd ‘only’ E26/24v31. Phrase
yw r qt ‘but’ ~ ⌫l⌫ ⌫n ‘id.’ E27/31r19 (literalism).
—Forms: yw⌫r passim; yw⌫rt E27/94r21; S yw⌫r Ps34.15.
2
yw r noun ‘separation’ E26/2r22.
yw- rdq adj. ‘sincere’ ~ bryr⌫ ‘id.’: pl. yw-⌫rdqt E27/104r12.
S yw⌫r-k⌫s, yw⌫rks: see gywrgys.
yw⇣⌫ m. PN ‘Joash’ E27/94v25.
yw-b t adv. ‘once’ as conj. ‘(when) once’(?) E26/1r14.—Cf. ywp⌫tqy.
ywc / ywxt-, S ywc / yw t- vb. ‘to teach’ ~ ylp pa el ‘id.’ Jn9.34 E5/101v; E24c1.31, c3.19,
8r2; E27/7v16*, 57r13; E28/5r16, 27; ~ rty ap el ‘to admonish, instruct’ Ps33.0; ~ tlmd
quad.refl., apparently error for quad. ‘to instruct, convert’ E24c3.10; ≈ ylp p al ‘to learn’ E27/
31r22. Itr. pot. ywxt⌫ b- ‘to be able to be taught’ ~ ylp etpa al ‘to be taught’ E27/31r18.
Phrase S [yw](k)w *ywc/yw t- ‘to teach a teaching’ ~ ylp pa el Ps29.0.—Cf. ywxs-.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. (as subj.) ywcm E24c3.10; 3 sg. pres. dur. ywctq E28/4r24, 5r16, 27;
yw(tqn E27/57r13; 2 sg. fut. ywc✏q⌫ Jn9.34 E5/101v; 3 sg. fut. yw(tq⌫n E26/1v10; 3 sg. opt.
ywcy E24c1.31; E27/7v16*; 3 sg. subj. ywċt E28/66r27; 3 pl. inj. ywcn+ E24c3.40; 2 sg.
impv. ywc E24c3.19; 3 pl. pres. tr. pot. ywxt⌫ wnnt E27/31r22; 3 sg. opt. itr. pot. ywxt⌫ b-y
E27/31r18; dur. pt. ywcyq E24/8r2 (ywcyqwm⌫+n+); S 3 sg. pres. yw(t Ps33.0; 3 sg. tr. pret.
yw ⌫rt Ps29.0.
S *ywc mnty m. ‘teaching, instruction’ ~ mrtynwt⌫ ‘admonition, exhortation’: y[wc⌫mnty]
Ps24.0.
ywcyqwm⌫+n+ = ywcyq + wm⌫+n+ (see x-).
yw-dbtq⌥ pron. ‘one another’: E28/20r18 (~ d l- d ‘one to another’, cf. Jn15.12).
yw -: see y w-.
yw nn, ywxnwn, S ywxn n, ywxnwn m. PN ‘John’: yw⇠nn E5; E22.7*; E26; E27/53r3*;
E28/109v22*; ywxnwn E45r12; obl. yw⇠nn-⌫ Jn1.19 E5/19r; yw⇠nny E26/7v6*; E30/1r6*;
E36/2r9; S ywxn⌫n 15700v5 (Reck 2018, 92); 20227v8*; ywxnwn O2497.4.
yw nys, S ywx nys m. PN ‘Johannes’: yw⇠nys E28/17r22*, 18v29; S ywx⌫nys E17r12.
ywq, S *ywkw m. ‘teaching, instruction, doctrine, learning’ ~ ywlpn⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E28/12r2, 5,
v20, 27r24. Phrases: (±b nyq) ywq ⇠br- ‘to give (±divine) instruction’ ~ ylp pa el ‘to
teach’ E25/1r11; E28/14v8* (restore [ywq +b](r)⌫t?), 13*; S [yw](k)w *ywc/yw t- ‘to teach a
teaching’ ~ id. Ps29.0.—Cf. pwywq.
—Forms: ywq E24c3.60; E25/1r11; E27; E28; E29/1r1, 2v6; obl. ywqy E27/52v11, 68v15;
E28/12r5 (x2); pl. ywqt E28/12v24*; S [yw](k)w Ps29.0.
ywq-⇠brynqy f. ‘teaching, instruction’: °+br✏nqy⌫ E28/14v14 (~ mlpnwt⌫ ‘teaching’); °+brynqy⌫
E28/17r21*.
̈
ywqws adj. ‘other’ (see BT XLII, 41) ~ ⌫ḥrn⌫ ‘others’: ywqws E28/3r10, 7r16, 24A17 (–), 49r28*
(–); pl. ẏw-qwst Jn9.16 E5/100r.—Cf. qws.
yẅlyt f. PN ‘Julitta’ E29/8r3*, 8, v5.
yw-mync adj. ‘single’ E26/12v6*.
ywn: see ywny.
*ywn yq adj. ‘Greek’ ~ d-ywnÿ⌫ ‘of the Greeks’: [yw](n⌫)yq E27/1r9.
ywns, *ywnts num. ‘eleven’: ywns E47A13 (~ y⌫ ‘11’); obl. [ywnt](s)nw Lk24.33 E5/73r (~
d⇡sr ‘eleven’).
ywntsmyq ordinal ‘eleventh’ ~ d- d⇡sr ‘id.’ E27/55r29.
S ywnw⌫(?) PN(?) 12600Ir[m].
ywny, ywn, ywnyd, ywny⇠ adv. ‘immediately’ ~ m d⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.64 E5/6r, Lk12.36 E5/130r,
Lk24.31 E5/72v; E27; ~ h⌫ ‘lo, behold; now’ E27/94r23. Phrases: ywny c nw ‘immediately
when’ ~ ⇡mh d- ‘as soon as’ E27/31v20; ywn/ywny pr wy q ‘immediately, on the spot’ ~ bḣ
b-(⇡t⌫ ‘at that very moment’ E23.152, 232; ~ bh b-⇡dn⌫ ‘id.’ E23.111f; ~ br-(⇡th ‘id.’ E27/66v5.
—Forms: ywn E23.111, 152, 232; E26/16r18; ywn✏ E27/94r23; y↵n Lk1.64 E5/6r; ywn
Lk12.36 E5/130r, Lk24.31 E5/72v; ywny E26; E27; E28/5r15*, 9v16, 11r6; ywn✏d E27/
22v11, 25v17; ywnyd E27; ywny+ E29/4v3.
ywp tqy adv. ‘altogether’: ywp⌫tqy E24c3.50* (restore ywp⌫[tqy]?); E27/83v4* (~ l-gmr ‘id.’).
Phrase: s t ywp tq⌥ ‘wholly, altogether’ ~ kl ‘id.’ Jn9.34 E5/101v.—Cf. yw-b⌫t.
ywp zy m. ‘guest’: pl. ywp⌫zyt E26/27r15* (nwystytw ywp⌫zyt ‘invited guests’ ~ zmÿn⌫ ‘id.’),
28v8 (w ⌫mn⌫fc ywp⌫zyt ‘foreign guests’ ~ ⌫ksny⌫ ‘foreigner, stranger’).
yw-pnc s f. ‘fifty-first day’ E27/55r26.—Cf. *pnc⌫s⌫.
ywrdnn GN ‘Jordan’ Jn1.28 E5/19v*; E27/53r6; E26/24v19, 30v32.

yw-s tm ny f. ‘harmony, unanimity’ E31r17.
ywsp m. PN ‘Joseph’ E28/104B8*.
yw-⌫mbd noun ‘Sunday’ ~ d-b-(b⌫ ‘id.’ E27/54v29.
yw(t, S yw(t: see ywc.
yw⌫ty (unknown word) E26/15r10*.
ywt c, S yw-t c adj. ‘only’ and m. noun ‘a solitary’: ywt⌫c E28/2av16 (~ (w d quad. = y d ⇥ap el
pass. pt. ‘a solitary’); pl. ywt⌫(t E27/48r22 (~ y ydy⌫ ‘id.’, see BT XII, 86); S ⌫yw-t⌫c Creed 2
(~ y ydy⌫ ‘only’).
ywt cy f. ‘solitude’ E28/12r1 (pr ywt⌫cy⌫ ‘in solitude’ ~ y yd⌫yt ‘alone, as a solitary’), 14v5* (≈
y ydy⌫ ‘solitary’).
ywtr m. ‘a single one, a certain one, a certain person’ ~ d ‘one’ Mt10.29 E5/76r, Jn20.24 E5/
76v; E23.260; E24c1.46, 64; E27/1r22, 60v25, 120r9; E28/7v26*, 12v12; ~ d d ‘each one’
E27/12r9; ~ ⌫n( ‘(a certain) man’ E27/60r1*, 94r12; E28/12v16. Phrases: dy ywtr ‘a certain
person’ ~ d E26/30r19; yw ywtr ‘each one’ ~ d d ‘id.’ Lk16.5 E5/48r; ≈ mdm mdm
‘various things’ E28/9v17; wyspw yw ywtr ‘every single one’ ~ kl d d ‘id.’ Lk19.15 E5/
125r*; 1Cor12.18 E6/20v*.
—Forms: wtr E28/24A14; ywtr E5; 1Cor12.18 E6/20v*; E23.260; E24c1.46, 64; E26/30r19;
E27; E28; obl. ywtry E27/48v17*.
*yw-wyst num. ‘twenty-one’ ~ ⇡sryn w- d⌫ ‘id.’: y(w)[-wyst] E27/1r10.—Cf. wyst.
yw-wystmyq ordinal ‘twenty-first’ ~ d-⇡sryn w- d ‘id.’ E27/55v29*.—Cf. wystmyq.
ywx q, yxw q noun ‘separation, distinction; part’ ~ pwr(⌫ ‘distinction’ E28/1r10. Phrase dw
yxw q ‘two parts’ ~ plg p al pass. pt. ‘divided’ (Dan2.41—see BT XXXII, 100) E29/4r12.
—Forms: ywx⌫q E26/3v24; E28/1r10; yxw⌫q E29/4r12.
ywx y, yxw y, 1ywxy / ywxst-, S yxw y vb. ‘to sever, divide, separate, distinguish’ ~ pr( pa el
‘to separate’ Mt25.32 E5/125v (x2); ~ pr( p al ‘to separate, distinguish’ E27/48r28, 87r5 (here
itr. ‘to separate (oneself)’, see BT XII, 163); E28/3r12*; ~ psq p al ‘to cut, divide’ Ps29.7*; ~
plg p al ‘to divide, part in two’ E36/1v1 (cf. Ex14.16); ~ (ry p al ‘to loosen, sever’ E27/
27v8*. Pp. ywxsty ~ pr( p al pass. pt. ‘separate, different’ Gal4.1 E6/3v*; E27/61v25.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ywx⌫yt Mt25.32 E5/125v*; E28/33A10*; 3 sg. fut. ywx⌫ytq⌫ Mt25.32
E5/125v; ywx⌫ytq⌫n E26/2v5*; ywx✏tq⌫ E27/48r28; 3 pl. #z-impf. [yx](w)⌫y⌫znt E28/3r12; 3
sg. impf.(?) ywx⌫ E36/1v1 (misprinted yxw⌫ ); yxw⌫y E27/87r5; 3 pl. impf.(?) yxw⌫ỵ̇nt E26/
3r26; 3 pl. inj. or opt. ywx⌫ynt E27/27v8*; S [y]xw<⌫>yt 3 sg. pres. Ps29.7. Pp. ywxsty
‘divided, separate, different’: ywxsty Gal4.1 E6/3v*; E27/22v11*; pl. ywxst✏t E27/61v25.
Unclear: ywx⌫y[ E35A4*.
ywx y mnty m. ‘separation; discernment’: ywx⌫y⌫mnt✏ E27/61v18; ywx⌫y⌫mnty E28/1r4f.
ywxn-, ywxnw, xwrn- m. ‘blood’ ~ dm⌫ ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; E23.318; E26/23v14, 23, 31v14;
E27/27r10, 40v24, 57r19; E28/23r9 (cf. 2 Samuel 17.7).
—Forms: ywxnw E26/23v14, 23; nom. sg. xwrny 1Cor11.25 E6/7v (as acc.); E26/24r35;
ywxny E23.351f* (ed. ]|xny, restore yw]|xny?); acc. sg. ywxnw E27/27r10, 40v24; E26/
31v14; gen. sg. xwrny E23.318; E28/23r9; ywxn✏ E27/57r19.
S ywxn⌫n, ywxnwn: see yw⇠nn.
ywxng: see *pw-ywxng-nyznwy.
ywxnq-ptz ny adj. ‘discerning’: voc. sg. m. yxwnq-ptz⌫n⌫ E27/48v30*, 51r4, 21f*; pl.
[yw](xn)q(-)[ptz⌫nyt] E27/6r16 (~ prw(⌫ ‘id.’?).—Cf. *yxwnq-n⌫-ptz⌫ny.
ywxnwn, S ywxnwn: see yw⇠nn.

ywxs- vb. ‘to learn’ ~ ylp p al ‘id.’ E26/30v22; E27/1v24, 31r23, 104v15*; E28/12r28; ~ yd⇡ p al
‘to know’ E27/11v25.—Cf. ywc.
—Forms: 2 sg. pres. ywxsy E30/4r9*; 1 sg. impf. ywxsw E27/11v25; 3 sg. opt. ywxs✏ E27/
1v24; ywxsy E27/1v23*; 3 sg. subj. ywxs⌫t E27/1v27; 2 sg. impv. ywxs⌫ E27/57v29; E28/
25A4; 2 pl. impv. ywxst⌫ E28/85v29; ywxs+⌫ E26/30v22; pres. inf. cn ... ywxs⌫ E27/104v14f*;
pr ywxsw E27/31r23; E28/12r28.
ywxst-: see ywx⌫y.
1
ywxt- f. ‘yoke, pair (of oxen)’ ~ pdn⌫ ‘id.’: nom. numv. ywxt✏ E27/105r3.—Previously assumed
to be neuter, but more likely f. in view of the form ywxt⌫kh in the Mug document Б1 (identi-
fied by Alisher Begmatov). Cf. also ywxth in Khotan 4, V10 (Bi–Sims-Williams 2018, 56,
61), which may also be “pairs” rather than “rubies”.
2
ywxt-: see ywc.
1
ywxy: see ywx⌫y.
2
ywxy- / yxws⇠- vb. ‘to separate’ (itr.): 3 sg. pres. ywxyt E26/3r24; 3 pl. itr. pret. yxws+n+
E24c3.51.
ẏẉ ẏ f. ‘unity’ ~ dywt⌫ ‘id.’ E28/14r19.
ywzng adj. ‘same’ E26/2r16.
*yxs mnty m. ‘censure, reproach’ ~ r(yn⌫ ‘id.’: acc. sg. yxs⌫[mntw] E27/56r6.
yxs ty pp. ‘censured, reproached’ E28/1r19 (yxs⌫ty b- ‘to be censured’ ~ r(y etp el ‘id.’).
yx(py⌫ = y- (see 2wy⌫) + x(py⌫.
yxw⌫q, yxw⌫y: see ywx⌫q, ywx⌫y.
yxwbny⌫ = y- (see 2wy⌫) + xwbny⌫.
S yxw⌫: see yhwd⌫.
yxwnq noun ‘meaning’(?): yxw[nq] E28/125B2; yxwnqt pl. E28/38v13. See also *pw-ywxng-
nyznwy.
*yxwnq-n -ptz ny adj. ‘undiscerning’ ~ (*y p al act. pt. ‘foolish, crazy’: voc. sg. f. yx(wn)[q-n⌫-
ptz⌫ncy] E27/13v17.—Cf. ywxnq-ptz⌫ny.
yxws+-: see ywxy-.
yxyp+, yxyp+y, yxypty = y- (see 2wy⌫) + xyp+, xyp+y, xypty.
*yz- / *y⌫t- vb. ‘to sacrifice’: past inf. [y](ty E29/8v4.
yz⌫t✏-brcy = y- (see 2wy⌫) + z⌫ty-brcy.
*yzdqrt m. PN ‘Yazdgerd’ E27/23r25*, 25r3 (MS ydrqrt!).
yzdyn m. PN ‘Yazd⌃n’ E27.
zwt m. ‘chaplain (to the Sasanian king)’(?) E27/13r26.—On the Syr. equivalent drwny⌫ ‘priest
who consecrates the dr⌦n bread’(?) see BT XII, 57; differently Ciancaglini 2008, 156-7, who
does not refer to the Sogd. translation.
z q m. ‘child, boy’ ~ *ly⌫ ‘id.’ E23.153, 230, 242; E26/25v7; E29/8v9.
—Forms: z⌫q E23.233, 242; E27/14r20, 51v7; E29/8v9; obl. z⌫qy E23.146, 153, 158; E26/
25v7; voc. sg. z⌫q⌫ E23.230.
z q nc f. ‘girl’: z⌫q⌫nc E27/12r10 (~ *lyt⌫ ‘id.’), 15*; obl. z⌫q⌫ncy E27.
z mty f. ‘betrothal, wedding’ ~ tnwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57r12.
z nwq noun ‘knee’ ~ bwrk⌫ ‘id.’: z⌫nwq E27/27v12, 56v26; obl. pl. z⌫nwqty E27/27v8.
z r num. ‘a thousand’: z⌫r E26/23v7; E27/69v14 (~ ⌫lp ‘id.’); z⌫r z⌫r ‘thousands’ E26/31v4 (~ m(⌫
⌫lpÿn ‘five thousand’!).
z rcnwq adj. ‘merciful’ ~ nn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/27v3*; ~ mr mn⌫ ‘id.’ E28/3v29, 8r17; ~ bsym⌫ ‘kind’
E28/2av18*; ≈ nn⌫ ‘mercy’ Lk1.78 E5/6v.
—Forms: z⌫rcnwq Lk1.78 E5/6v; E27/57v18; E28; voc. sg. m. z⌫rcnwq⌫ E27/27v3*.
̈
z rcnwqry adj. ‘merciful’: z⌫rcnwqry E18r7f (≈ *bt⌫ ‘goodness, kindness’); E29/1v4 (MS
z⌫rcnwqzy!); voc. sg. m. z⌫rcnwqr⌫ E21v4 (≈ r̈⇠m⌫ ‘mercy’).
z rcnwqy , z rcrnwqy , S ẓ- rcnwky f. ‘mercy’ ~ nn⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.72 E5/6r; ~ r̈ m⌫ ‘id.’ Tit3.5 E6/
5r*; Ps51.1-2*, 3*; E23.132f; E27/68r12, 91v5*, 104v11*; E28/3v19, 24, 7v1*; ~ mr mnwt⌫
‘id.’ Tit3.4 E6/5r; E28/1r10, 3v26, 27; ~ *ybwt⌫ ‘goodness’ E26/27v24*, 28r29f* (rest.!).
—Forms: z⌫rcnwqy⌫ Lk1.72 E5/6r; Tit3.4, 5* E6/5r; E19r4, v4*, 6; E20; E23.132f, 320f* (ed.
cnwq[, restore z⌫r]|cnwq[y⌫?); E24c1.7, 10; E26/3r18, 27v24*, 28r29f*; E27; E28; E31v20f*;
z⌫rcrnwqy⌫(!) E28/23r5; obl. z⌫rcnwqy⌫y E28/3v26, 27; S ẓ-⌫rcnwky⌫ Ps51.1-2*, 3*.
z ry adj. ‘pitiful, pitiable, sympathetic’ E19v2, otherwise only in the phrases z ry (...) sy- (see
separate entry z⌫rysy-) and z ry pt⌫qw n/pcqw n/pcwq n ‘pitiful entreaty’ E26/25r20, 29v12*;
̈
E27/12r6 (≈ tk(pt⌫ d-ml⌫ nÿgt⌫ ‘entreaty of pitiful words’).
z ry wy m. ‘torment, torture’ ~ t(nyq⌫ ‘id.’ Mt25.46 E5/127r*; E27/68v4; ~ (wnq⌫ ‘id.’ E28; ~
(nd⌫ ‘id.’ E28/5v23; ~ mzwr̈t⌫ ‘mallet-blows’(!) E27/69r24. Phrases: pr z ry (w)[y] mrc ‘with
a death of torment’ ~ by( by( ‘very harshly’ Mt21.41 E5/38v*; z ry ⇧ ⌫t y ‘to show misery’,
i.e. ‘to torture’ ~ (nq pa el ‘id.’ E27/60v8.
—Forms: z⌫ry⌫w✏ Mt25.46 E5/127r*; z⌫ry⌫w-y E27/68v4; z⌫ry⌫wy Mt21.41 E5/38v*; E20r3;
E21v5*; E28; acc. sg. z⌫ry⌫↵ E27/60v8; z⌫ry⌫w E27/69r24; abl. sg. z⌫ry⌫w⌫ E27/51v30; pl.
z⌫ry⌫w✏t E28/5v23.
z rysy-, z ry ... sy- / sy t, S ẓ rysy- vb. ‘to show oneself sympathetic, show mercy, have mercy,
take pity’ ~ r m etpa al ‘to take pity’ Lk10.37 E5/91r; E23.61(?); ~ r m pa el ‘to have
mercy, take pity’ Ps6.3; E27/60v5. Passive z⌫ry-sy⌫ty b- ~ r m etp el ‘to be shown mercy’
E28/1r24*.
—Forms: 2 sg. impv. z⌫rysy⌫ E19r3; E23.61, 154; E28/77v23*; z⌫ry ... sy⌫ E27/60v5; 3 sg. tr.
pret. z⌫r sy⌫d⌫rt Lk10.37 E5/91r; past inf. [z](⌫ry) sy⌫(t) E27/51v31; pp. z⌫ry-sy⌫ty E28/1r12,
24*; S 1 sg. fut. ẓ⌫ry-sy⌫mk⌫⌫n 20222br3; 2 sg. impv. ẓ-⌫rysy⌫ Ps6.3.
̈
z r⌥sy✓ mnt m. ‘mercy’ ~ rḥm⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.78 E5/6v.
z⌫t: see zn-.
̈
z ty, zʾt , S ẓ- ty m. ‘son’ ~ br⌫, pl. bn̈y⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; Hymn 9; Creed 2; ~ *ly⌫ ‘child, boy’ E23.139;
E26/25v9, 19.
̈
—Forms: zʾt⌫ Col1.13 E32/2v; z⌫t Gal4.4 E6/3v; z⌫t✏ E5; E27; z⌫ty Lk6.16 E5/91v; E23; E26;
E27; E28/16r8*, 17v2, 22B8*; E29/2v8*, 4r10, v8; E30/2r5; acc. sg. z⌫tw E27/51v31, 94v25;
abl. sg. z⌫t⌫ E26/42A4; E28/118B5; voc. sg. z⌫t⌫ E18r10*; E26/1v3, 15r12; E28/11r26, 18v23,
36v9; E29/4r1, 3; E30; obl. z⌫t✏ Mt10.21 E5/75v*, Mt21.37, 38 E5/38v; z⌫tyy E28/128B24;
E36/2r10*; nom. numv. z⌫t⌫ E27/87v3; pl. z⌫t✏t E27/13r29; [z](⌫t)[yt] Rom11.14 E6/5v; S ẓ-⌫ty
Ps50.20*; Hymn 9; Creed 2; pl. [ẓ-⌫ty]t Ps29.1.
z ty-brc noun ‘womb’: obl. z⌫ty-brcy E28/15v1; yz⌫t✏-brcy E27/40r21 (~ mrb⇡⌫ ‘id.’).
z wpt noun ‘foreman’(?) E26/12v7, 12.
z wr, S *z- wr m. ‘strength, power, might, force; help’ ~ yl⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.42; E27; E28/7v10*,
10v28; E29/1r9 (cf. Lk10.27); ~ ⇡wdrn⌫ ‘help’ E27/31v8; ~ swy⇡⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31v32. Phrase
z wr(y) ⇠br- ‘to give power, give help, assist, accompany’ ~ ⇡dr pa el ‘to help’ Lk10.40 E5/
91v; ~ lwy etpa al ‘to accompany’ E26/28r27*; ~ br⌫ + hwy p al ‘to be a companion’ E27/
69r16; ≈ ⇡wdrn⌫ ‘help’ E23.178.—Cf. mntz⌫wr, nyz⌫wr.
—Forms: z⌫wr Lk10.40 E5/91v; E23.178; E24c1.42, c3.39, 48; E26; E27; E28; E29/1r9, 6r8,
16; ,⌫wr(!) E28/11v5 (mistake); obl. z⌫wry E26/2r27; E27/91v9; pl. z⌫wrt E28/100B4; S
*z-⌫wr E44/24r1 (MS z-wr!).
z wrqyn, S ẓ- wrkyn adj. ‘strong, powerful, mighty’ ~ yltn⌫ ‘id.’ 1Cor1.27 E6/12v*; Ps24.10*;
E18r5*; E26/23v26, 30v26; E27/12v14; ~ ⇡(yn⌫ ‘id.’ Ps24.8. With b- ‘to become strong’ ~ yl
etpa al ‘id.’ Lk1.80 E5/6v; E27/61r23; with S kwn- ‘to make strong’ ~ ⇡(n pa el ‘to streng-
then’ Ps50.15*.
—Forms: z⌫wrq✏n Lk1.80 E5/6v; z⌫wrq-yn E27/61r23; z⌫wrqyn E18r5*; E26/3v5*; E27/
12v14; E28/16v19, 106v12*; voc. sg. m. z⌫wrqyn⌫ E26/23v26, 30v26; pl. z⌫wrq✏nt E28/
113v7; obl. pl. [z⌫w](r)-qynty 1Cor1.27 E6/12v; S ẓ-⌫wrkyn Ps24.8, 10*, 50.15*.
*z wrqyn⇢-str compar. adj. ‘mightier’ E28/18r20 (MS z⌫wrqyn-t-str).
*z wrwty(?) adj. ‘mighty’ ~ yltn⌫, f. yltnyt⌫ ‘id.’: f. z⌫wrwc E26/30r12.
1
z y, z y, zy, S 1ẓ- y noun (i) ‘earth, ground, land’ ~ ⌫r⇡⌫ ‘id.’ Mt10.15 E5/75r, Mt10.29 E5/76r*;
E23.272(?); E26; E27; E28; E29/2v10 (cf. Ps2.8); E30/6v8* (SA Syr. 54); ~ ⇡wmq⌫ ‘the
depths’ (contrasted with sm⌫ny, S sm⌫n ‘heaven’ ~ rwm⌫ ‘the heights’) Hymn 6; E27/13v27;
(ii) ‘place’ ~ dwkt⌫ ‘id.’ E23.67, 209, 276; occasionally perhaps (iii) ‘distance’ Mt5.41 E5/
28v*; E26/2v27*.
—Forms: z⌫ẏ Mt5.41 E5/28v*, Mt10.15 E5/75r, Mt10.29 E5/76r*; (z)⌫ E36/1r12 (thus Cat.);
z⌫y E23; E24c3.25, 26; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30/4v2*, 5, 6v8*; E36/1v3, 2r12; z✏ E27/23r4;
z-y E27/60r1, 64r25, 69r16; zy E27/77v7, 87r16*; obl. z⌫⌫ E26/16r6; z⌫ E26/25r14; z⌫y✏ E28/
7r12; z⌫ẏy E̤ 35B9; z⌫yy E26/28r4; E34v7*; [E41.2: see qd⌫m-z⌫yy]; S ẓ-⌫y Hymn 6.
2
z y (unknown word) E27/1r26 (see BT XII, 51).
S 2ẓ-⌫y: see ,⌫y.
z ycyq adj. ‘earthly, of the earth’, noun ‘earthly being, human’ ~ ⌫r⇡ny⌫ ‘earthly’ E26/24r14,
E28/12v21, 14r17; ~ m⌫ d-b-⌫r⇡⌫ ‘what (is) on earth’ E26/23v15; ≈ ⌫r⇡⌫ ‘the earth’ E26/23v27;
z⌫ycyqt xw(ywn✏t ‘earthly kings’ ~ mlkÿ ⇡lm⌫ ‘kings of the earth’ E27/13v28.
—Forms: z⌫ycyq E28/14r17, 16r6, 7*, 10*; E29/5r6; pl. z⌫ycyqt E26/23v27, 24r13*, 14; E27/
13v28, 53v4; E28/11r11, 12v21, 16r26; E34v12*; obl. pl. [z]⌫ycyqty E26/23v15.
z y-qnty, z⇢y-qnty m. ‘chasm in the earth, pit, grave’: [†zy ⌅nt⌫ E27/56v12: see ⌅nn⌫]; pl. z-y-
qnt✏t E27/68v9 (~ pr⌫ ‘pit, grave’); obl. pl. z⌫y-qntyty E26/24r20 (p⇡r̈yḣ d-⌫r⇡⌫ ‘chasms in the
earth’).
z y-⌫ny m. ‘earthquake’ E20v4 (~ zw⇡⌫ ‘id.’, cf. Mt27.54).
zb b noun ‘taste, flavour’ E28/4v22 (~ lywt⌫ ‘sweetness’); E31v9.
zb q, S ẓ-⌦ k m. ‘tongue, language’ ~ l(n⌫ ‘id.’ Lk1.64 E5/6r; Ps50.19; E27; E30/6v6 (Nau 1920,
7, line 10).
—Forms: zb⌫q Lk1.64 E5/6r; E26; E27; E28/1r8, 18v23, 26, 19v18; E30/2v1*, 6v6; obl. zb⌫qy
E27/53v6; E28/66v26, 28; pl. zb⌫qt E27/54v19; S ẓ-⌘⌫k Ps50.19.
zbr ⌫t noun ‘lamp’ ~ lmpyd⌫ ‘id.’ E26/29r3.
z m adv. ‘even’ E26/12v6; E28/10r8*(?); mostly in the phrase ms z m ‘even’ ~ ⌫pn ‘id.’ E28/
7v3; with neg. ‘not even’ ~ ⌫p-l⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E28/12r12; ~ w-l⌫ twb ‘nor yet’ E28/3r21.
z r noun ‘moisture, trickle’ ~ tlylwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/22v16.
S ẓ ⌫yr: see 1, yr.
S ⇣- m-: see , m-.
S z w, ⇣- w: see , w.
S ⇣- yr: see 1, yr.
S ẓk r[ (unknown word, possibly connected with ,q-) 20223v1*.

S 1,2ZKn, ZKny: see 1,2wyny.
zkry m. PN ‘Zechariah’ Lk1.67 E5/6r; E36/2r7.
S ZKw: see 2xw.
S 'Kwy: see 2wy⌫.
zky m. PN ‘Zacchaeus’ E36/3v9*.
zm- m. ‘fuel, firewood’: zm✏ nom. sg.(?) 19v12(?), 109r21 (as acc.).
zm qycq noun ‘temptation’ ~ nsywn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57v4(?), 83r3; E28/1r22*.
—Forms: zm⌫qycq E28/19v5f*, 24B16*, 31B3*(?); E29/5v14*; obl. zm⌫qycqy E27/57v4; pl.
zm⌫qycqt E27/83r3; E28/1r22*, v22; E31r3*; zm⌫qycq✏t E28/24B24.
zm y / zm yt vb. ‘to tempt’: 3 pl. pres. zm⌫ynt E27/94r29 (~ nsy pa el ‘id.’); pres. part. zm⌫yny
E28/78A6; pp. zm⌫yt✏ ‘tempted’ E27/104r3 (~ nsy etpa al pt. ‘id.’).
S ⇣-mnw: see ,mn-.
̈ ̈
zmpy, zmb m. ‘bank, shore (of a river or lake)’: zmb⌫ E24c1.20 (~ gb⌫ ‘side, bank’); zmpy
Jn21.1 E5/80r* (‘on the shore (of)’ ~ ⇡l ‘at’); E26/15r4; acc. sg. zmpw E27/87v11 (~ spr⌫
‘bank, shore’).
zmyx noun ‘earth’ E27/102r18. (The Syr. text has )rp⌫ ‘crucible’, but the Sogd. may rather trans-
late ⌫r⇡⌫ ‘earth’ as in Ps12.7; see Sims-Williams 2017b, 36-7. Cf. also S (⌫w ẓm⌫yx ‘black
*earth’, Reck–Benkato 2018, 70, line 10.)
zn- / z t vb. ‘to beget, engender; to give birth (to)’ ~ yld p al ‘id.’ Jn16.21 E5/79r (x2); E28/
12v15; E29/2v8 (cf. Ps2.7); ~ yld ap el ‘id.’ E28/14r10.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. znty E28/12v15; 3 sg. pres. dur. zntysqn E28/14r10; 3 sg. impf. zn⌫ E28/
43A2(?); 3 sg. subj. zn⌫t Jn16.21 E5/79r; 1 sg. tr. pret. z⌫d⌫rm E29/2v8; 3 sg. tr. pret. znd⌫rt
Jn16.21 E5/79r.
zn mnt m. ‘giving birth’ ~ mwld⌫ ‘id.’ Jn16.21 E5/79r.
zng⌫n, znq⌫n: see dw⌫-zng⌫n, rf-znq⌫n, znq-znq⌫n.
znq-znq n, zng-zng n, zng-zng ny adj. ‘manifold, of many kinds’ ~ ( lp quad. = lp ⇥ap el pass.
pt. ‘various’ Tit3.3 E6/5r*; E27/31v2; E28/12v24.
—Forms: zng-[zng⌫](n) Tit3.3 E6/5r; zng-zng⌫ny E24c1.76*; znq-znq⌫n E27/31v2, Dr8f*(?);
pl. zng-zng⌫n-[t] E28/66r26; obl. pl. znq-znq⌫nty E28/12v24.
1
znt adj. ‘blind’ E27/23r30 (hendiadys znt yty qwr ~ smy⌫ ‘id.’).
2
znt E27/55r21: part of d⌫r⌫|znt (see 2d⌫r).
znwq noun ‘cheek’: zn( )q Mt5.39 E5/28v; [znw](q) ibid. (~ pk⌫ ‘id.’).
zprcyq, zprcyqy⌫: see zprtcyq, zprtcyqy⌫.
zprt, S zp rt, ẓ-prt, ẓ-prt adj. ‘pure, holy’ ~ qdy(⌫ ‘holy’ Lk1.1 title E4; Mt25.31 E5/125v,
Lk1.70 E5/6r, Lk1.72 E5/6v; Ps24.3; E18r4; E24c1.96, c2.6; E26; E27; E28/5v17, 19*,
7r24*; ~ qdy( ‘Qaddi(, Holy!’ E33A10 (x2) (cf. Isaiah 6.3); ~ d-qwd(⌫ ‘of holiness’ Ps5.8; ~
dky p al pass. pt. ‘pure’ Ps19.10*; E27/66r17; ~ nqd⌫ ‘id.’ E24c1.77; ~ kym⌫ ‘wise’(!) E30/
4r2* (SA Syr. 11).—On E27/66r18 see s.v. ⌫w(wx.—Phrases: zprt dy ‘holy one, saint’ ~
qdy(⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E28; ~ *wbn⌫ ‘blessed (one)’ E27/27r14; b nyqt zprt dyty ‘holy ones of
God’ ~ lbÿ(y ⌫lh⌫ ‘(those) clothed in God’ E28/12v16; zprt b-, S ẓ-prt [⌦-] ‘to become pure’
~ dky etpa al ‘to be purified’ Ps19.14; E28/5r22; ≈ dky pa el ‘to cleanse, purify’ E26/27r13;
zprt (q)wn-/qt-, S [ ẓ-prt kwn]- ‘to make clean, make pure, make holy’ ~ dky pa el Ps51.4*
(rest.!); E23.220; ~ qd( pa el ‘to sanctify’ E26/27v1*; ~ )ll pa el ‘to strain, purify’ + mrq
p al ‘to polish, cleanse’ E27/31v28; zprtt pwst t ‘holy books’ ~ kẗby qwd(⌫ ‘id.’, lit. ‘books
of holiness’ E27/94r29f; zprt ⌫yrng ry ‘holy saint’ ~ qdy(⌫ ‘holy (one)’ E26/27r15; ~ gbr⌫
zdyq⌫ ‘righteous man’ E26/28v10; zprt w t, S ẓ-prt w t ‘the Holy Spirit’ ~ rw ⌫ qdy(⌫ ‘id.’
E26/27v3*; E27/57r9; ~ rw ⌫ d-qwd(⌫ ‘the Spirit of Holiness’ Lk1.67 E5/6r, Jn1.33 E5/19v,
Jn20.22 E5/76v; Tit3.5 E6/5r; Hymn 9*; Creed 5, 11*; E23.70; E26/23v4*, 27r7, 31r28; E27/
91v6*; E28/2av7*; ~ rw ⌫ ‘the Spirit’ Lk1.80 E5/6v, Jn1.32, 33 E5/19v; 1Cor12.13 E6/20r
(x2); Creed 11 (x2); E27/54v15, 21, 61r23.—Cf. mntzprt.
—Forms: zprt Lk1.1 title E4; E5; 1Cor12.13 E6/20r (x2), Tit3.5 E6/5r; E8v1*, 5*; E18r4;
E20v2*; E23.62, 70, 220; E24; E26; E27; E28; E29; E30; E31v7*, 8, 18; E33A5*; E36/2v5;
nzprt E27/57v5; pl. zprtt E27; E28; S ⌫zp⌫rt 20222br7; ⌫ẓ-prt Ps5.8, 19.10*, 24.3; Hymn 9*;
Creed; ẓ-prt Ps19.14; obl. ⌫z-p⌫rt-y 12600Iv[m]*.
zprt- wd my adj. ‘making pure, purifying’ ~ m lln⌫ ‘cleanser’ or mqd(n⌫ ‘sanctifier’ E26/27r10.
zprtcyq, zprcyq adj. ‘pure, holy’: zprcyq E28/14r11 (~ (py⌫ ‘plain, simple, pure’), 19v26, 28B3;
zprtcyq E28/119A3*; E30/1r1, 17*.
zprtcyqy , zprcyqy f. ‘purity, holiness’ ~ dkywt⌫ ‘purity’ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r (but see s.v. ⌫w(wxy⌫);
E27/61r29; E28/12v18 (x2); ~ qdy(wt⌫ ‘holiness’ 1Tim2.15 E6/18v*.
—Forms: zprcyqy⌫ E27/61r29; E28/33B14; zprtcyqy⌫ 1Tim2.15 E6/18v*; E28/12v18, 18; obl.
zprcyqy⌫y E28/16r18; [zprtcy](qy) 1Cor5.8 E6/7r.
zprt-m nqy f. ‘purity of mind’: E28/12v20 (~ nqdwt tr⇡yt⌫ ‘id.’), 66v22*(?).
zprt-w t-mync adj. ‘of the Holy Spirit’ E24c3.35.
zprt-w tmyny adj. ‘id.’ E28/99A29.
zprty , zprtty f. ‘purity, holiness, sanctity’, in E19r2 perhaps ‘(community of) the holy’ ~
qdy(wt⌫ ‘holiness’ E27/54r25 (cf. 2Chron20.21), 57v6; ~ qwd(⌫ ‘id.’ E26/24r2; ~ (pywt⌫
‘purity’ E27/27r11; ~ dkywt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/31v3; E28/12r24f*. Phrase [pr]( zpr)tty ‘in purity’ ~
dky⌫yt ‘purely’ E26/30r10.—Cf. mntzprty⌫.
—Forms: zprtty⌫ E26/30r10*; zprty⌫ E26/24r2; E27/27r11, 57v6; E28/36v6*, 66r25, 28, 74v9;
E29/5r5, 21; obl. zprty E19r2(?); zprty⌫- E27/31v3, 54r25; zprty⌫y E28/12r24f*, 26, 13A7*,
B15.
zprt-⇡y wrqy f. ‘purity of heart’ E28/5r19* (~ dkywt lb⌫ ‘id.’), 25B6.
zpry q f. ‘honour’ ~ ⌫yqr⌫ ‘id.’ E27; E28/1v10, 12, 7v12. Phrases: zpry q ⌫t y ‘to show honour’ ~
yqr pa el ‘to honour’ E27/68r13; zpry q wn-/qt- ‘to do honour’ ~ id. Lk16.13 E5/48v; E27/
13r29, 69v24; pr (z)pry q [...] ‘to bear in honour’ ~ zw pa el ‘id.’ E27/60r5f.
—Forms: zpry⌫q Lk16.13 E5/48v; E26; E27; E28; E30/5r4*; obl. zpry⌫qy E27. Combined:
zpry⌫qs⌫r E26/13v6*.
zpry qcyq adj. ‘worthy of honour, honoured’ ~ zw etpa al pt. ‘celebrated, exalted’ E26/31r8.
zpry⌫qs⌫r = zpry⌫q + s⌫r.
zpry qyn adj. ‘honoured, honourable’ ~ yqyr⌫ ‘id.’ E27/68r10; E28/4r18; E28/12v26; with b- ‘to
be honoured’ ~ yqr etpa al ‘id.’ E27/68r31.
—Forms: zpry⌫qyn E26/12r1; E27/68r31; pl. zpry⌫q✏nt E28/4r18; zpry⌫qyn-t E28/12v26;
zpry⌫q-ynt E27/68r10.
S ẓr y⌫ noun ‘destruction’(?) 12600Iv5.—Cf. zr-y(- sy.
zr t-: see zrync.
zrnq, zrng noun ‘deliverance’: zrng E23A26; zrnq E28/11r2; obl. zrn(q)[y] E27/57v3.
zrw f. ‘old age’ E26/2r23; E27/14r11 (~ sybwt⌫ ‘id.’); E28/16r14.
zrw (name of a Zoroastrian god) ‘Zurw#n’ E27/14v7.
zrxs- / zrxt- vb. ‘to be saved’: 3 sg. fut. zrxstq⌫n E28/18v27; zrxstyq⌫ E27/61v21 (~ prq etp el
‘id.’); 2 sg. opt. zrxsy E28/15r2; 1 pl. opt. zrxsym⌫n E26/30v24. Pp. zrxty ‘saved’: pl. zrxt✏t
E27/61v21 (zrxty + b- ‘id.’ ~ prq etp el).
zrync / zr t-, S ẓ-rync, zr ync / *ẓ-r t- vb. ‘to save, deliver, liberate’ ~ prq p al ‘id.’ Lk24.21
E5/72r; E27/94v15; ~ p)y pa el ‘id.’ Ps6.5*; E27/66r1; ≈ pwrqn⌫ ‘salvation’ Ps29.0*. Passive
zr ty b- ~ prq etp el ‘to be saved’ Lk1.74 E5/6v.
—Forms: 1 sg. fut. zryncnq⌫ E27/66r1; 3 sg. opt. zrync✏ Lk24.21 E5/72r; 2 sg. impv. zrync
E20r8; 3 sg. tr. pret. zr d⌫rt E27/94v15; zr twd⌫rt E26/29v9; 3 sg. m. itr. pret. zr ty E27/
51r26; S 3 sg. fut. zr⌫ynctk⌫m Frg18.6; 3 sg. impf. zyr⌫yncc(!) Frg18.5; 2 sg. impv. ẓ-rync
Ps6.5*. Pp. zr ty, S *ẓ-r ty ‘saved’: pl. zr t✏t Lk1.74 E5/6v; S pl. ẓ-r [tyt] Ps29.0.
1
zry⌫ / zry⌫t- vb. ‘to tear’ ~ tl p al or pa el ‘id.’ E26/27v11*. Passive zry(ty b-/qt- ~ p( etp el
‘to be torn off’ Rom11.19 E6/6r*, Rom11.22 E6/6v*.
—Forms: 3 sg. tr. pret. zry(d⌫rt E26/27v11*; pp. zry(t Rom11.19 E6/6r*; zry(ty Rom11.22
E6/6v*.
2
zry⌫ vb. ‘to raise, lift up’ ~ rwm ap el ‘id.’: 3 sg. #z-impf. zr✏(⌫z E27/12v13 (here Sogd. swx⌫y
and 2zry( together translate the one Syr. verb); zry(⌫z E27/94r2*.
zry⌫- vb. ‘to be lifted up’: 3 pl. pres. dur. zry(ntq E18v10 (~ tly p al pass. pt. ‘id.’).
zr⇢y⌫-⇣sy adj. ‘coming to an end, about to perish’: voc. sg. m. zr-y(- s⌫ E27/51v26.—Cf. S ẓr⌫y(.
zt , zd , yzt predic. adj. or noun, with *wn- ‘to make known, proclaim, preach’ ~ krz ap el ‘id.’
Mt10.27 E5/76r; with *b-/*qt- ‘to be proclaimed’ ~ krz etp el ‘id.’ Lk24.47 E5/83v* (rest.!).
—Forms: ⌫ zt⌫ Lk1.1 title E4; Mt10.27 E5/76r; ⌫zd⌫ E26/2r25; zt⌫ E27/48r31, 52v9, 16.
zt qrqy f. ‘proclamation, message’ ~ krwzwt⌫ ‘id.’ E27/54v23.—Cf. ⌫zd⌫qry⌫, ⌫zt⌫qry.
zw, zw, S ẓ-w, zw 1st pers. pron., nom. sg. ‘I’ ~ ⌫n⌫, -n⌫ ‘id.’ E5+; Ps5.8*; ≈ ly ‘to me’ E26/
25v22; E28/7v21; ≈ by ‘upon me’ E27/13r22, 25.—Sometimes accompanies 1 sg. verbs, even
where there is no corresponding subject pron. in the Syriac.
—Forms: ⌫zw E23; E24c1.95, c3.11, 21; E26; E29; E30/1v22; zw Lk1.3 E4; E5; E25/3B4;
E26/13v5*, 25v22; E27; E28; S ⌫ẓ-w Ps5.8*; ⌫zw 20222br2*. Combined: w⌫bmsqz↵
Rom11.13 E6/5v.
S ⇣-w-, ⇣-w⌫nty: see ,w-, ,wnty.
zwby m. ‘chasm, abyss’ ~ thwm⌫ ‘abyss’ E23.271* (rest.!); E28/5v22, 27*; ~ hwt⌫ ‘chasm’ E27/
87v13.
—Forms: zwby E23.271* (restore [zwb]y with Gershevitch 1946, 179), 273; E28/5v22, 27*;
abl. sg. zwb⌫ E27/87v13.
S z-wr E44/24r: mistake for z-⌫wr.
*zwrbbl m. PN ‘Zerubbabel’: z[wrbbl] Mt1.12 E1/1v.
zwrny, S ẓ-wrny m. ‘storm, tempest’: zwrny E26/30v23; S obl. pl. ẓ-wrny-ty Hymn 6 (~
kymwn⌫ ‘id.’).
zwrt / *zwst-, S ẓ-wrt, z-w rt vb. ‘to turn, turn away, turn back, return’ (itr.) ~ hpk p al ‘to
return, turn back’ Lk2.20 E3v*; Lk10.35 E5/91r, Lk24.33 E5/73r; E27; E28/10v30; ~ pny
p al ‘to return’ Lk12.36 E5/130r; ~ hpk p al or pny p al E27/25r23; ~ ⇡br p al ‘to turn away’
Ps34.15.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. zwrtm Lk10.35 E5/91r; 3 sg. pres. zwrtt E27/102r21; 2 sg. fut. zwrtyq⌫
E27/51r10; zwrtyq⌫n E26/1r17; 3 sg. fut. zwrtq⌫ Lk12.36 E5/130r; zwrtq⌫n E28/16r15*, 15; 3
sg. fut. #z-impf. zwrt⌫zq⌫ E27/87v12; 3 sg. impf. zywrt E26/14r6*; E27/105r7; E28/9v10 (MS
zywyrt!); 1 sg. subj. zwrtn E27/94v27; E28/10v30 (MS zwrtnt!); 3 sg. subj. zwrtt E27/25r23;
E28/113v2; 2 sg. impv. zwrt E28/15r6*; augmented 3 pl. itr. pret. z wstnt Lk24.33 E5/73r;
zywstnt Lk2.20 E3v*; S 3 pl. inj. ẓ-wrtnt Ps24.0; 2 sg. impv. z-w⌫rt Ps34.15.
*zwrt mntqy f. ‘return, reversion, conversion’ ~ pwny⌫ ‘id.’: zwrt[⌫](m)[n](tq)[y]⌫ Rom11.15
E6/5v.
zwrt mnt m. ‘id.’ ~ pwny⌫ ‘id.’ E27/57r30.
zw-stwmqy f. ‘tyranny’ 13B11 (⌫tzw-stwmqy⌫).
zwty m. ‘alcoholic liquor, rice wine’ E29/5r1; E38A7.
zwy E28/1r13: mistake for qwy.
S ẓ-wy↵ noun ‘threat’ ~ mt⌫ ‘fury’ Ps6.2.
zwydm f. ‘threat’ ~ lw m⌫ ‘id.’ E27/66v4; with wn- ‘to make threats’ ~ gzm p al ‘to threaten’
E27/4v3*; ~ l m etpa al ‘id.’ E27/104r8*, 111v1* (rest.!).
zwyrt, S *ẓ-wyrt vb. ‘to (cause to) turn, turn away, return’ (tr.) ~ pny ap el ‘to turn, return’
Mt5.39 E5/28v* (rest.!); E27/68r15, 102r19; ~ hpk ap el ‘to turn’ Ps29.10*; E27/68v16; ~ ⇡*p
p al or ap el ‘to give back, return’ (Bedjan pa el) E27/69v24.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. zwyrtt E27/102r19; 3 sg. pres. dur. zwyrtq E27/68v16; 3 sg. fut. zwyrtq⌫
E27/68r15; 2 sg. impv. zwyrt Mt5.39 E5/28v*; E19v6; E27/69v24; S (ẓ-wy)[r](t⌫)t 3 sg. pres.
(or tr. pret.?) Ps29.10.
zwz- vb. ‘to fly up’ ~ rh* p al ‘to speed’: 3 sg. opt. zwz-y E27/31r21.
zy: see 1z⌫y, z⌫y-qnty.
ZY conj. (i) ‘and’ ~ w- ‘id.’ E23; E26; E29; ~ dyn ‘but’ E23.84, 246, A27; ~ w-⌫p ‘and also’
E23.218; repeated ZY ... ZY ... ‘both ... and ...’ E26/15r28; (ii) as encl. particle after the first
word of a clause: E26/1r8 (2nd ZY), v5 (3rd ZY), 38A3*(?); E29/2v7; (iii) ‘that, so that, (in)
that, for’ E26/1v10 (1st ZY), 12v2(?), 25v21 (‘in that, for’), 29v4 (~ d- ‘id.’); (iv) introducing
dir. speech: E23; E26/31v25 (~ d- ‘id.’); (v) introducing a main clause after a subordinate
clause: E23.66, 248, 255; E26; E29/1v11, 6r12 (1st ZY), 18; (vi) as line-filler: E26/3v15*,
25v25; E29/2v1 (2nd ZY), 4r21 (2nd ZY), 6v14 (?).—Cf. 1⌫t, 1yty, S 2ZY. The spelling ZY
(which looks like y or yz, see Schwartz 1991, 162-3) is attested only in E8, E20, E23, E25,
E26 and E29 (for †ZY E36/2v4 read (y, see 1(y).
S 1ZY: see 1⌫t.
S 2ZY encl. particle after the first word of a clause 12600IIv5. Cf. 1yty (ii), ZY (ii).
zy m vb. ‘to pay, spend’: 1 sg. fut. zy⌫m⌫mq⌫n E26/12v16*; 2 sg. opt. zy⌫m✏ Lk10.35 E5/91r (~
npq ap el ‘to spend’); 3 sg. opt. zy⌫my E26/9r1*.
zy p adj. ‘fasting’ E29/5v11 (zy⌫p sqw- ‘to be fasting’ ~ )wm p al ‘to fast’, cf. Mt4.2?), 22*.
S ⇣-y⌫wrcyk: see ,y⌫wrcyq.
S ẓy ⌫yr: see 1, yr.
z-y-qnty: see z⌫y-qnty.
S *ẓ-ymtyc: see *,ymtyc.
zyn: see zyrn.
zynbr m. ‘foster-parent’ ~ mrbyn⌫ ‘id.’: pl. zynbrt E27/1r27.
zyny noun ‘deposit’ E26/2r14.
zyr- vb. ‘to be injured’(?): 1 sg. impf. zyrw E26/51v4.
S zyr⌫yncc: see zrync.
zyrc: see *zyrty.
zyrn, zyn, S ẓ-yrn noun ‘gold’ ~ dhb⌫ ‘id.’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r; Ps19.11; E26/25v15*; E27/69v14,
102r18; E29/4r9 (cf. Dan2.38).
—Forms: zyn E27/51r17, 69v14, 18; zyrn 1Tim2.9 E6/18r; E26/2r5*, 25v15*; E29/4r9; wzyn
E27/102r18; obl. nzyny E27/51r19; zyrn E28/24A17; S ẓ-yrn Ps19.11.
zyrnwfc f. ‘gold brocade’ E29/4v3.
*zyrty adj. ‘yellow’: f. zyrc in phrase zyrc rwq ‘yellow disease, jaundice’ E38A9.
S ⇣-y(ty: see ,y(t-.
*zy⇠ (Syr.) ‘olive’: obl. zy+y E36/1r9.
zywrt, zywst: see zwrt.
zywyrt E28/9v10: mistake for zywrt, see zwrt.
⇡ m adj. (i) ‘narrow, fine’ ~ q*yn⌫ ‘id.’ E28/8r21, v15, 22; E38B8* (–); (ii) ‘fine, noble, excellent,
superior’ E26/2r22*(?), 24r27 (~ ly)⌫ ‘strong, strenuous’). Phrase ⇡ m ptz n ‘superior under-
standing’ ~ t⌫wry⌫ ‘theory, speculation’ E28/14r16.
⇡ r noun ‘poison’ E27/51r24.
⇡ rbry adj. ‘poisonous’ E28/19r7, 109r20.
,⌫w E28/7r9: see ,w-.
,⌫wr E28/11v5: mistake for z⌫wr.
⇡ y, ⇡y / ⇡ t, S 2z- y vb. ‘to speak, talk, say’ ~ mll pa el ‘id.’ E5; Ps34.14; E28/14v6; ~ ⌫mr p al
‘to say’ Jn16.33 E5/80r*; E28/1r9. Passive ,⌫ty b-/qt- ~ mll etpa al ‘to be spoken, be told’
Lk2.17*, 18*, 20 E3v; Lk1.65 E5/6r. Phrase [nxrys] *⇡ y/⇡ t ‘to utter a rebuke’ ~ k⌫y p al ‘to
rebuke’ E28/9v24f.
—Forms: 3 sg. pres. ,⌫yt E30/6r12*; 2 sg. pres. dur. ,⌫ysq Jn16.29 E5/79v; ,-ysq E27/69r18; 3
sg. pres. dur. ,⌫yt[q] E28/14v6; ,⌫ytqn Jn9.37 E5/101v; 3 pl. pres. dur. ,⌫ẏntqn Mt17.3 E5/
127v; 1 sg. fut. ,⌫ynq⌫ Jn16.25 E5/79v; 3 sg. fut. ,⌫ẏtq⌫ Mt10.20 E5/75r*; 2 pl. fut. (,)⌫ẏt⌫q(⌫)
Mt10.20 E5/75r; ,(⌫)[yt⌫q⌫] Mt10.19 E5/75r; 3 sg. #z-impf. dur. ,⌫y⌫sq E28/27v27; 3 sg. impf.
,⌫y E28/23v16; 3 pl. impf. ,⌫ynt E26/16r12; 3 sg. impf. dur. ,⌫ysq Mt17.5 E5/127v; E26/
21B7*; 2 sg. opt.(?) [,]⌫ E28/36v9; 3 sg. opt. ,⌫y E28/1v7; ,⌫yy E28/1r9; 2 sg. subj.(?) ,⌫y⌫[
E28/114A7; 3 sg. subj.(?) ,⌫(ỵ̇)t Jn9.21 E5/100v; 1 sg. inj. ,⌫yw E26/2v14; 3 pl. inj. or opt.
,⌫ynt E27/104r15; 2 sg. impv. ,⌫ E28/36v9*; ,⌫y E9/1r6, 10*; E14/2v12; E28/9v24 (x2);
E30/3v2*, 5r15, 6r20*; pres. inf. pr ,⌫y E28/11v11; [±pr ,](⌫)y E28/20r10; ,⌫y E23.134; ,⌫y✏
E28/7v3; 3 sg. opt. dur. tr. pot. ,⌫t qwn✏sq E26/16v8*; 1 sg. tr. pret. ,⌫d⌫rm Jn16.25 E5/79r,
Jn16.33 E5/80r*; 3 sg. tr. pret. ,⌫d⌫rt Lk1.64, 70 E5/6r, Jn9.29 E5/101r; E26/25r2*; E28/9v25;
,⌫yd⌫rt E36/1v16, 2r5* (ed. ,(⌫)d⌫rt, more likely ,(⌫y)d⌫rt with Cat.); dur. pt. ,⌫✏q Lk24.32 E5/
72v (,⌫✏qm⌫t); ,⌫yq E24c1.56 (,⌫yqwm⌫+n+); [pres. pt. ,⌫yny, ,yny: see rf-,⌫yny, n⌫-,⌫yny];
absol. ,⌫yqy E9/1r8, 12; S 3 sg. subj. z-⌫y⌫t Ps34.14. Pp. ⇡ ty ‘spoken, told’: ,⌫t✏ Lk2.17*, 20
E3v; ,⌫ty Lk2.18 E3v*; pl. ,⌫t✏t Lk1.65 E5/6r.
,⌫✏qm⌫t, ,⌫yqwm⌫+n+ = ,⌫yq + m⌫t, wm⌫+n+ (see x-).
⇡ m-, S - m- f. ‘lie, falsehood’ ~ dglwt⌫ ‘id.’ Ps5.7*, 24.4; E24c1.27.
—Forms: nom.-acc. sg. , m⌫ E24c1.27 (as gen.); E26/2v23*; E27/52v5; E28/16r22, v22, 27,
23v16; E29/6v22*; S acc. sg. ⇣- m⌫ Ps5.7*, 24.4.
⇡ m sy m. ‘liar’: , m⌫sy E28/51B2*; E30/6r5; pl. , m⌫s-yt E27/52r16; , m⌫s✏t E28/23r22.
⇡ m-wycwy m. ‘(person giving) false witness’ E29/1r4 (≈ shdwt⌫ dglt⌫ ‘(act of) false witness’,
cf. Ex. 20.16).
⇡ nt m. ‘messenger’ ~ m(m(n⌫ d-mlt⌫ ‘id.’, lit. ‘minister of the word’ E23.162, 232; ~ ml⌫k⌫
‘messenger, angel (of Satan)’ Mt25.41 E5/126v; E27/48r17.
—Forms: , nt E23.162, 232; E27/48r17; E28/17r8; E30/5r19; E36/1r5*, 8; obl. , nty E28/
17r12; pl. , ntt Mt25.41 E5/126v.
*⇡ nty f. ‘embassy, mission’ ~ ⌫yzgdwt⌫ ‘id.’: ,[ nty⌫] E27/1r13.

⇡ rt adv. ‘quickly’ E15A11; E29/8r6*; ~ b-⇡gl ‘id.’ Lk16.6 E5/48r; E26/24r32; E27/77r14, v13;
E28/1r9; ~ qlyl⌫yt ‘id.’ E23.244; E28/14v4; ~ mn d⌫ ‘immediately’ E27/69r19. Phrases: ⇡ rt
swdn *xyr/xrt ‘to go quickly hurrying’ ~ rh* p al ‘to hurry’ E26/24v29; ⇡ rt ⌫yr twx ‘fast
(and) very quickly’ ~ b-⇡gl E23.239.
, t-: see 2d⌫r.
⇡ w, ⇡w - (i) adj. ‘harsh, cruel, hard, difficult, sore, grievous’ ~ q(y p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ E24c1.75;
E27; ~ ⇡zyz⌫ ‘mighty, grave’ E27/60r27; ~ yqyr⌫ ‘heavy, difficult’ E27/94v10; (ii) ⇡ w, S z w,
- w as adv. ‘sorely, greatly, very, very much’: , w E26/30v17 ((yr , w ‘very sorely’ ~ sgy
‘very’); E27/12r15 (~ id.); E29/4v1; ⇣- w Ps6.4* (~ *b ‘very much’); z w Frg18.3.—Cf. w⌫-
,w t, ,w tr-.
—Forms: , w E24c1.75; E26/5v11, 31 (emendation for Hansen’s z w in a lost fragment),
30v17; E27/12r15, 69r22; E29/4v1; nom. sg. m. ,w y E27/68v15; nom. sg. f. ,w ⌫ E27/
94v10; acc. sg. f. ,w ⌫ E27/60r27, 69r21; abl. sg. f. ,w y⌫ E27/108v8; acc. pl. ,w t⌫ E27/
69r24; S ⇣- w Ps6.4*; z w Frg18.3.
1
⇡ yr / ⇡ yrt, S ẓ yr, * - yr vb. ‘to call, name, invoke, summon’ ~ qry p al ‘id.’ E5+; ~ zmn
pa el ‘to summon, invite’ Ps29.0* (rest.!); ~ (mh pa el ‘to name’ E28/8v15; ≈ (m⌫ ‘name’
E24c1.20; ≈ qry etp el + (m⌫ ‘to be named’ E29/4v6 (cf. Dan. 10.1); ~ sky pa el ‘to await,
expect’(!) E23.241, 246. Passive , yrty b-/qt- and itr. pf. , yrty *x-/m⌫t ~ qry etp el ‘to be
called, be named, be invoked, be summoned’ Lk1.76 E5/6v, Lk6.15 E5/91v, Jn2.2 E5/21r;
E26/27v2*; E27/56v29*; ~ (mh etpa al ‘to be named’ E27/31r6; ~ tlmd quad.refl. ‘to
become a disciple’ Mt27.57 E5/65r*(?) (rest.!).
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. , yrm E23.158; 3 sg. pres. , ✏rt Jn1.23 E5/19r; , yrt E26/27r18; 3 pl.
pres. , yrnt E29/2v6, 3v4*, 4v6; , yrn+ E24c1.20, c3.25; 2 sg. pres. dur. , yrysqwn E26/3r4;
3 sg. pres. dur. , ✏rtq E28/4v26; [, yr]tq E28/5v27; , yrtsq E23.241, 246; 2 pl. pres. dur.
, yrt⌫sqwn E26/30v20; 3 pl. pres. dur. , ✏rntq E28/8v15; 3 sg. fut. , -yrtq⌫ E27/52r3; 3 pl.
fut. , yrntq⌫m E29/4r19; *, yr⌫znt 3 pl. #z-impf. E29/4v12 (MS , yrznt!); 3 sg. impf. ,y yr
E28/17v5, 6*, 22; 3 sg. opt. , yry E26/12r16*; 1 sg. inj. [,] yrw E28/17v26; 2 pl. impv.
, yr+⌫ E26/30v22; , yrt⌫ E28/35B8*(?); 2 sg. tr. pret. , yrd⌫ry E20r8; E26/26r15; 3 sg. tr.
pret. , ✏rd⌫rt Lk6.13 E5/91v, Lk16.5 E5/48r; , -yrd⌫rt E27/52r17; , yrd⌫rt E29/1v9; , yrd⌫t
E24c1.72; [, y](rt)[d⌫rt] E26/27r26; 3 pl. tr. pret. , ✏rd⌫rnt Mt10.25 E5/75v, Jn9.18 E5/
100v*; S 2 sg. pres. dur. ẓ ⌫yry-skwn 12600IIr7; 3 sg. impf. ẓy ⌫yr 12600IIv7*; 3 sg. subj.
[⇣- yr](⌫)t Ps29.0. Pp. ⇡ yrty ‘called, named, summoned’: , ✏rt✏ Lk1.76 E5/6v, Lk6.15 E5/
91v; , -yrty E27/56v29; , yrt✏ Mt27.57 E5/65r*(?); E27/51v10; , yrty E26/9r2, 27v2*; E29/
5v1; pl. , yrt✏t Jn2.2 E5/21r*; E27/31r6; , yrtyt E26/23v22, 24r15; E27/48v18.
2
⇡ yr (or ⇡ yr-?) / ⇡ yrt vb. ‘to be called, be named’: , yrnt 3 pl. pres. E28/8r5 (~ kny etpa al
‘id.’); , yrysqn 2 sg. pres. dur. E26/5r5; , yrtnt 3 pl. itr. pret. E28/23r22.
⇡ r mnt m. ‘calling, invocation’ E27/57r10.
⇡q-, ⇡yq- f. ‘damage, harm, injury’: nom.-acc. sg. ,q⌫ E26/27v28* (~ mwm⌫ ‘blemish’); ,yq⌫
E24/11B1; acc. pl. ,qt⌫ E28/22B4.—See also S ẓk⌫r[?
⇡mn-, ⇡mnw, ⇡wmn-, S -mnw n. ‘time’ ~ zbn⌫ ‘id.’ Mt21.34 E5/38r*, Mt21.41 E5/38v,
Lk12.42 E5/130v; Gal4.1 E6/3r, Gal4.2, 4 E6/3v; Ps32.6*; Hymn 5; E26; E27; E28/7v19,
8r7, 9r29; E29/2v5 (see BT XXXII, 98); ~ ⇡dn⌫ ‘id.’ E27/12r9, 26r1; ~ ywm⌫ ‘day’ E27/48r28.
Phrases: c f ⇡mnw ‘for some time’ ~ km⌫ zbnÿn ‘id.’ E28/12r12; (±pr) w⌫p n ⇡mnw ‘in a
little while’ E27/13v30 (~ qlyl⌫yt ‘shortly, soon’), 48v16.—Cf. rf-,mnw-cyq.
—Forms: ,mnw Mt21.34 E5/38r*, Mt21.41 E5/38v, Lk12.42 E5/130v; Gal4.1 E6/3r, Gal4.2
E6/3v; E26; E27; E28/8r7, 9r29, 12r12; E29/2v5; gen. sg. ,wmny⌫ Gal4.4 E6/3v; loc. sg.
,mny⌫ E26/14v5, 15v13; E27; E28; E29/6v9*; loc. sg. as acc.(?) ,mny⌫ E28/13B14, 65v12;
[†,mny⌫y E36/3r6: see mnt-wrnqy⌫]; S ⇣-mnw Ps32.6*; Hymn 5.
,mncyq: see w(p⌫n-,mncyq.
⇡n- f. ‘advice, counsel’(?): acc. sg. ,n⌫ in phrase ⇡n ⇠br- ‘to give advice’ ~ mlk p al ‘to advise’
E27/104v12*.—Mistake for ,n⌫-ptnym or ,n⌫-ptnymy⌫?
⇡n -ptnym noun ‘advice, counsel’ E26/5r18.
⇡ny -ptnymy , ⇡ny -ptn⇢my f. ‘id.’: ,ny⌫-ptn-my⌫ E27/31r12f (~ mlk⌫ ‘id.’); ,ny⌫-ptn✏my⌫ E27/
55v19 (~ ‘id.’); ,ny⌫-ptnymy⌫ E27/102v23 (with wn- ‘to advise’ ~ mlk p al ‘id.’); E28/
32A3*(?).
⇡w m. ‘news, report, rumour’: ,↵ E27/60r26 (~ *⌫b⌫ ‘id.’); ,w E27/68r3* (,w w⌫c ‘to send news’
~ *bb ap el ‘to proclaim’—uncertain, see BT XII, 148).
⇡w-, ⇡w- / ⇡w t, S -w- vb. ‘to live’ ~ yy p al ‘id.’ Mt10.22 E5/75v, Jn5.25 E5/41r; 1Tim2.15
E6/18v; E27/66v17, 68r23, 69v25; E28/7r9; ~ hpk etpa al ‘to go about, live one’s life’ E27/
83v5*.
—Forms: 1 sg. pres. ,w⌫m E28/94B4; 1 sg. fut. ,wnq⌫ E27/66v17; 2 pl. fut. ,wt.q⌫ E27/68r23;
3 pl. fut. ⌫,wntq⌫ Jn5.25 E5/41r; 1 sg. #z-impf. [,](w)⌫zw E27/83v5; 3 sg. impf. dur. ,w⌫sq
E28/6r1; 2 sg. opt. ,w-y E27/69v25, Br29(?); 3 sg. fut. opt. mid. ,w tq⌫ 1Tim2.15 E6/18v;
,wytq⌫ Mt10.22 E5/75v; 3 sg. subj. ,w⌫t E26/2v29*; 1 sg. inj. ,⌫w(!) E28/7r9; 2 sg. impv. ,w⌫
E28/15r5; 2 pl. impv. ,wtt E27/48r30; pres. inf. pr ,w✏ E28/25A6; 3 sg. tr. pret. ,w⌫d⌫rt E27/
51r27; S 1 sg. pres. ⇣-w⌫m Ps23.6.
,w⌫ E23A8: mistake for ,w⌫n.
⇡w n f. ‘life’ ~ ÿ⌫ ‘id.’ E23A8; E27; E28; ~ np(⌫ ‘soul’ E26/25v15*, 16, 19; E27/7r16*, 60v6, 8.
Phrases: nw⌫c ⇡w n ‘eternal life’ ~ ÿ⌫ ‘(eternal) life’ Mt19.17 E2/2v*; E5; Tit3.7 E6/5v*;
E27; E28/8v16; variant nw ⇡w n Rom6.4 E32/1r (~ ÿ⌫); E25/2B3; nw ⇡w n pc z ‘to
receive eternal life’ ~ yy p al ‘to live (eternally)’ Rom6.8 E32/1v.
—Forms: ,w⌫n E5; Rom6.4 E32/1r, Rom6.8 E32/1v; E20r4*; E23A8 (MS ,w⌫, read *,w⌫n
with Henning apud Gershevitch 1946, 184); E25/2B3*; E26/3r6, 25v15*, 16, 19; E27; E28;
obl. ,w⌫n Lk1.77 E5/6v; E28/18r29; ,w⌫ny Jn5.29 E5/41r*; Tit3.7 E6/5v*; E26/3r13; E27;
E28; E30/2r14. Combined: ,w⌫ns⌫ Mt19.17 E2/2v*.
,w⌫ncyq: see nw"⌫-,w⌫ncyq.
,w⌫nmync: see nw(y-,w⌫nmync.
,w⌫ns⌫ = ,w⌫n + s⌫r.
⇡w n-⇠br̈yn m. ‘life-giver’ E8v10.
*⇡wb f. ‘husk, skin’ ~ qlpt⌫, pl. ⌅lp⌫ ‘rind, skin’: obl. ,wby E23.152.
,w -: see , w.
⇡w m n adj. ‘hard-hearted, severe’ ~ q(y p al pass. pt. ‘harsh’ Lk19.21, 22 E5/125r.
,w t: see w⌫-,w t.
⇡w tr- compar. adj. ‘harsher’: nom. sg. m. ,w try E28/13B13; nom. sg. f. ,w tr⌫ E27/94v11 (~
q(y p al pass. pt. ‘harsh, harsher’).—Cf. , w.
⇡w y q f. ‘harshness, severity, cruelty, torture’ E23.196 (MS ,wy⌫q, read *,w y⌫q with Henning
apud Gershevitch 1946, 182) (≈ (nd etpa al ‘to torture’); E24/11B2*; E27/31v30 (~ ⇡wsq⌫
‘pain’).
⇡wq adj. ‘whole, healthy’: ,wq E23.221 (,wq *wn-/qt- ‘to make whole’ ~ lm ap el ‘to heal’);
E26/27v14 (,wq b- ‘to become whole’ ~ (rr etpa al ‘id.’), 28* (~ (ryr⌫ ‘whole’), 37r3, 44B3;
pl. ,wqt E27/91r10* (~ id.).—Cf. n m,wq.
⇡wqy f. ‘healing, reparation’ E27/102r29 (~ ⌫sywt⌫ ‘id.’); E28/9v30 (~ wlmn⌫ ‘healing’); E30/
2r19.
,wmn-: see ,mn-.
̈
⇡wnt pty, ⇡wnd pty noun ‘lifetime’: ,wnd⌫pty E25/3A2*; ,wnt⌫pty E26/2v17*; E28/9v9 (~ ḥy⌫
‘life’).
⇡wnty, S -w nty adj. ‘living, alive’ ~ y⌫ ‘id.’ Lk24.23 E5/72r; Creed 10. With b- ‘to be alive’ ~
yy p al ‘to live’ Rom6.2 E32/1r* (rest.!).—Cf. mwrt⌫-,wnty.
—Forms: ,wnt✏ Lk24.23 E5/72r; ,wnty E26/26r16; acc. sg. m. ,wntw E27/69r19; pl.
[,wnt]yt Rom6.2 E32/1r; S pl. ⇣-w⌫ntyt Creed 10.
⇡w⌫y m. ‘sacrifice’ E28/11v25 (x2); ~ db ⌫ ‘id.’ E27/12r12; ~ 2⇡lt⌫ ‘id.’ E36/2r2* (cf. Gen22.2).
Phrases: ⇡w⌫y qwn- ‘to perform a sacrifice’ ~ db pa el ‘to sacrifice’ E29/8r1f*, 7*; ~ sgd
p al ‘to worship’ E29/8v6*; ⇡w⌫y ptwyd ‘to offer sacrifice’ ~ qrb pa el + db ⌫ ‘id.’ E23.213
(MS C); ~ db pa el E23.223, 293, A24*.
⇡wx⌫q-, S ↵r w⌫k- m. ‘disciple’ ~ tlmyd⌫ ‘id.’ E5+.
—Forms: nom. sg. ,wx(q Jn21.7 E5/80v; ,wx(qy Mt10.24 E5/75v*, Jn9.28 E5/101r; E26/
27r26; E28/4v19; E36; gen. sg. ,wx(qy Mt10.25 E5/75v; E26/24r35*; nom.-acc. pl. ,wx(qt⌫
E5; E26; E27/57v14; E28/20v3, 24A26; E29/6v2; gen. pl. ,wx(qty⌫ E30/1r4*, 2r7 (as acc.);
obl. pl. ,wx(qt⌫ Mt20.17 E5/34v*, Lk6.13, 17 E5/91v; S r w([k-] O2497.5.
,wy⌫q E23.196: mistake for ,w y⌫q.
⇡w⇢⇡ vb. ‘to sift, winnow’ ~ ⇡rbl ‘id.’: 3 sg. opt. ,w-,✏ E27/40r11.
,y: see ,⌫y.
⇡y wr m. ‘heart’ ~ lb⌫, pl. lbẅt⌫ ‘id.’ NT+; ~ r⇡yn⌫ ‘mind’ E27/61r22.—Cf. *pw-,y⌫wr.
—Forms: ,y⌫wr Lk1.66 E5/6r, Lk24.32 E5/72v, Jn16.22 E5/79r; E26/31r27; E27; E28; obl.
,y⌫wry Lk2.19 E3v*; E27/40r13, Hr3; E28; E30/6r8*, v2; E31r7; pl. ,y⌫wrt Jn16.6 E2/1v;
Lk16.15 E5/48v, Lk24.38 E5/83r.
⇡y wrcyq, S -y wrcyk adj. ‘belonging to the heart’: ,y⌫wrcyq E28/1r9 (~ b-lb⌫ ‘in the heart’); S
⇣-y⌫wrcyk Ps19.15* (~ d-lb⌫ ‘of the heart’).
,y⌫wrqy⌫: see *zprt-,y⌫wrqy⌫.
⇡y [ noun ‘sinew’ ~ gyd⌫ ‘id.’ E23.348.—See Sims-Williams apud Gershevitch 1985, 278.
*⇡yb mnty m. ‘biting’: ,yb⌫m[nty] E27/53v6.
,y yr: see 1, yr.
,yq-: see ,q-.
*⇡ymtyc, S *ẓ-ymtyc (Sogdian name of a month): (ẓ)-y(mt)[yc] Cal6v3.
,yny: see n⌫-,⌫yny.
,ysq: see ,⌫y.
⇡y⌫t-, ⇡y⌫ty, ⇡y⇡ty(?), S -y⌫ty adj. ‘hated, hateful’ ~ sny p al pass. pt. ‘id.’ Mt10.22 E5/75v*.
Phrases: ⇡y⌫ty/⇡y⇡ty d r ‘to consider (as) hateful’ ~ sny p al ‘to hate’ Lk16.13 E5/48v,
Jn15.19 E5/73v* (rest.!); Tit3.3 E6/5r*; E28/1r23, 109v28 (cf. 1 Jn2.11); S -y⌫ty *kwn-/kt-
‘to hate’ ~ id. Ps5.6*, 50.17* (rest.!); ⇡y⌫ty/⇡y⌫t- ny s/ny t ‘to consider (as) hateful’ ~ id.
Jn15.18 E5/73v; E27/61r24*.
—Forms: , (t Lk16.13 E5/48v, Jn15.18, 19 E5/73v; ,y(t✏ Tit3.3 E6/5r*; ,y(ty E28; ,y,ty
E28/109v28 (mistake?); acc. sg. m. (as pl.) ,y(tw E28/22A1*; acc. sg. f. ,y(t⌫ E27/61r24*;
E28/16v4, 25A10; pl. [,] (t[y](t) Mt10.22 E5/75v; S ⇣-y(ty Ps5.6*, 50.17*.
⇡y⌫t wny adj. ‘hated, hateful’ ~ sn⌫ p al pass. pt. ‘id.’: pl. ,y(t wnyt Tit3.3 E6/5r (thus Cat., ed.
,y(twnyt).
⇡y⌫twc noun ‘hatred’: ,y(t↵c E27/61v17; ,y(twc E27/66r7 (~ sn⌫t⌫ ‘id.’); E28/20v6, 8*, 15.
,y,ty E28/109v28: see ,y(t-.
Numerals
†10-3-2 E23.114, 122, 171: read pncc.
S 6-mykw: see xw(myq.
S 8-myk: see (tmyq.
S 9-myk: see nwmyq.
S 12-myk: see dw⌫ts-myq.
S 13-mykw ordinal ‘thirteenth’ ~ d-tlt⇡sr ‘id.’ Ps13.0*.
S 24-mykw: see ctf⌫r-wystmyq.
S 25-mykw ordinal ‘twenty-fifth’ ~ d-⇡sryn w- m(⌫ ‘id.’ Ps25.0*.
S *51-myk ordinal ‘fifty-first’: [51-my](k) ~ d- m(yn w- d⌫ ‘id.’ Ps51.0.
Part 2. Syriac–Sogdian–English
Syriac alphabetical order: ✏ b g d h w z yklmns⌘p⌧qr t
r ‘air’ ~ *bry✏ ‘id.’ E27/31v22(?); E28/8r14; ~ ✏✏q✏c ‘sky, atmosphere’ E26/27r33.

b (month name) ‘Āb’: see Sogd. s.v. 1✏b.
̈
b ‘father’, pl. ✏bḥt✏ (i) referring to a human or divine father or forefather ~ ptr- ‘father’ NT+;
Hymn 9; Creed 1, 3, 9; (ii) referring to God ~ b - ptr- ‘God (the) Father’ E5; E26/27r7,
̈
31r13; E27/91v6; (iii) pl. ✏bḥt✏ ‘parents’ ~ m✏t-ptry ‘mother and father, parents’ Mt10.21 E5/
75v*, Jn9.22*, 23 E5/100v; E27/1v7*, 11, 104v4*. As an honorific title of monks and soli-
taries, ✏b✏ may be used in its Syr. form (see Sogd. s.v.) or translated as ptr- ‘Father’.
— ✏bwn d-b- my✏ ‘Our Father which art in heaven, Paternoster’: see Sogd. s.v.
— ✏lh✏ ✏b✏ d-r̈ m✏ ‘God, Father of mercy’: see Sogd. s.v. ✏lh✏ ✏b✏ *dr̈⇣m✏.
— r ✏bḧt✏ ‘patriarch’ ~ xw tr ptr- ‘id.’ E27/48r20.
bd p al ‘to perish, be destroyed’ ~ nyst b- ‘to come to nought’ Mt5.30 E5/28r* (rest.!), Lk13.3
E5/34r; E27/23v24; ~ pn - ‘to perish’ E26/28v21.
— ap el ‘to destroy’ ~ nyst(y) (...) (q)wn- ‘to bring to nought’ Mt10.28 E5/76r*, Mt21.41 E5/
38v; Ps5.7*; E23; E27/13r28; ~ pny ‘to destroy’ Mt16.25 E5/127r.
— See also ✏bdn✏, ✏byd.
bdn (√✏bd) ‘annihilation, perdition’ ~ nyst✏wy ‘id.’ E27/24v7, 40v12, 52r4; E28/12v2.
̈
✏bḥt✏ ‘fathers’: see ✏b✏.
byd (√✏bd) ‘lost’ ~ pyty ‘id.’ E27/6v16.
byl (√✏bl) (i) ‘mourning, mourner’ ~ m✏r✏wt ‘mourning, grieving’ E27/60r31; (ii) as a nickname
of Serapion ~ swgb✏r ‘mourner; monk’ E28/23-32 (see BT XXXV, 149).
bl etp el ‘to mourn’ ~ m✏r✏wt + b- ‘id.’ E28/7v2; ~ m✏r✏wt ✏w t ‘to stand mourning’ E28/7v17.
— See also ✏byl✏, ✏bl✏.
bl (√✏bl) ‘mourning, grief’ ~ m✏r✏wty✏ ‘id.’ E27/68r25, 102r25; E28/5v29, 7v19.
br ‘wing’ ~ w✏z ‘id.’ E26/31r18.
gwn (→✏gwns ✏) ‘contest, struggle’ ~ ✏xwnc ‘struggle, strife, conflict’ E27/31v22, 68r2.
gwns✏ (→✏gwn✏) ‘contestant’: ✏gwns ✏ yltn✏ ‘mighty champion’ ~ fwx✏r ‘blessed’ E27/87r9.
gyr (√✏gr) ‘hireling’: pl. ✏gyr̈✏ ‘hirelings’ ~ (pt)[xrytyt mr](✏)[z](t) ‘hired labourers’ E28/5r30.
gr p al ‘to hire’ ~ ptxryn ‘id.’ E27/68v7.
— See also ✏gyr✏, 2✏gr✏.
1
gr ‘roof’ ~ 2qt-, qdw ‘id.’ Mt10.27 E5/76r* (rest.!); E23.113, 171.
2
gr (√✏gr) ‘payment, hire, wages, reward’ ~ prxy ‘id.’ E26/30r35.
dn ‘ear’ ~ w ‘id.’ Mt10.27 E5/76r*, Lk1.44 E5/5r*; 1Cor12.16 E6/20r; Ps34.16.
d (i) ‘sort, kind’; (ii) ‘fruit’: both meanings offered simultaneously in the translation of ✏d⌫✏
✏ r̈n✏ ‘other ✏d⌫✏’ as m dy [✏t ](n)yt ✏y t ‘fruit [and] other things’ E28/12r12f.
̇
⌦hyḣ ʾṧr hyḣ (Hebrew) ‘I am who I am’: see Sogd. s.v.
246 Part 2. Syriac–Sogdian–English
hrmn ‘Ahriman’ ~ mnw ‘id.’ E27/13r28.

1
w ‘O’ (introducing a vocative or equivalent) ~ 2✏y ‘id.’ Lk19.17 E5/125r,1 Lk24.25 E5/72r; ~ ✏✏
‘id.’ E23.217.
2
w (i) ‘or’ ~ 2qd✏ ‘id.’ NT+; ~ 1yty ‘and’ E26/30r30; repeated ✏w ... ✏w ... ‘either ... or ...’ ~ qd✏ ...
qd✏ ... ‘id.’ Lk16.13 E5/48v; E28/3r18; (ii) ‘than’ ~ qd✏ ‘id.’ Mt10.15 E5/75r (calque).
wh ‘Oh! Fie!’ (exclamation of disgust) ~ ✏✏ ‘id.’ E23.249. See also Sogd. s.v. ✏wḣ.
w⌥dn (√✏ d) ‘power’ ~ x ✏wn ‘id.’ E29/2v10.
wkm ‘black’ ~ 3 w ‘id.’ E27/60v28 (x2).
wl n (√✏l⌧) ‘oppression, distress, suffering, affliction’ ~ qwr y✏ ‘id.’ Jn16.21 E5/79r, Jn16.33
E5/80r; Ps34.7*; E27; ~ tr z✏wny ‘id.’ E26/30v15; ~ b ✏xwty✏ ‘suffering’ E27/31r2.
— n̈d✏ w-✏ẅl⌧n✏ ‘tortures and sufferings’ ~ [trx](q)✏ p✏(tfr✏)s ‘bitter punishment’ E27/69r24.
wmnwt ‘skill’ ~ qnw✏ncy✏ ‘id.’ E27/31r23, 24.
wn ‘dwelling’ ~ sqw✏mnty ‘id.’ E26/27r12.
wnglywn ‘Gospel’ ~ mw tybrqy✏ ‘id.’ Lk1.1 title E4; ~ m dwc✏q ‘id.’ E24c1.96; ~ mw ty-bryny
pwsty ‘book which brings (good) news’ E28/4v27; ~ ✏wnglywn pwsty ‘book of the Gospel’
E28/9v21*. See also Sogd. s.v.
wr⌥ ‘road, way, path’ ~ r✏ ‘id.’ E5+; Ps5.9.
— ✏wr ✏ ... ✏ rt✏ ‘on another occasion’ ~ yw r✏ ‘on one occasion’ E28/65v9.
— mrdyt✏ d-b-✏wr ✏ ‘travelling on the way’ ~ r✏ y w✏mc ‘travel, course’ E27/12v17.
wry ‘manger’ ~ ✏xwyr ‘id.’ Lk2.12 E3r*, Lk2.16 E3v*.
✏wr⌘✏ ‘encounter’: see l✏wr⌘.
wrr ‘orarium, cloth, stole’ ~ wrr✏ ‘id.’ E27/57r5 (here glossed w✏ ✏my ‘veil’), 27, 29.
w n ‘Hosanna’: see Sogd. s.v. ✏w n✏.
zl p al ‘to go’ ~ w- ‘id.’ E5+; ~ xyr ‘id.’ NT+; ~ wytr- ‘id.’ E27/12r13, 25v2; ~ tr- ‘id.’ E27/
54v21, 120r12; ~ bystr px n ‘to take oneself off, go away’ Mt25.41 E5/126v (where the trans-
lation perhaps gives a contemptuous note to the impv.: ‘begone!’).
— See also m✏zlt✏.
̈
⌥ (→✏ wt✏, t✏) ‘brother’ ~ br✏t ‘id.’ E5+; Ps50.20; pl. ✏ḥ✏ ‘brothers’ ~ swgb✏rt br✏trt ‘brother
monks’ E28/9v9* (but ✏ ✏, refering to a monk, is commonly translated by br✏t ‘brother’ alone);
̈
✏ḥy ‘my brothers’ ~ f(ry)t[ br✏trty] ‘dear [brothers]’ E27/54v12.
⌥d p al ‘to take, hold, retain, take hold of, seize, undertake’ ~ ny✏s ‘id.’ Mt21.38, 39 E5/38v*,
Jn20.23 E5/76v; E27; ~ 2d✏r ‘to hold’ Creed 1; E27/60v29, 69v23; E28/7v5; ≈ nyms- ‘to be
held, be taken’ Jn21.6 E5/80v.
— p al + wl n✏ ‘to hold authority’ ~ p✏tx ✏wn b- ‘to be in authority, to rule’ E26/25v21.
— p al pass. pt. (✏ yd) ‘held, retained’ ~ nymty ‘id.’ Jn20.23 E5/76v; E28/17v4 (citation of
Jn20.23).
— ap el ‘to hand over’ ~ prdstw wn-/qt- ‘to hand over, entrust, commit’ Mt21.33 E5/38r,
Mt21.41 E5/38v.
1
Here ✏w is the reading of the Vetus Syra (Sinaiticus), while most Peshitta MSS have ✏yw ‘bravo!’ in agreement
with the Greek. See Sogd. s.v. 2✏y.
— etp el ‘to be taken’ ~ nymty b- ‘id.’ E27/64v25, 68v21.

— See also ✏w dn✏.
⌥wt (→✏ ✏, t✏) ‘brotherhood’ ~ swgb✏rt br✏trt ‘brother monks’ E28/9r10*; ~ br✏trt ‘brothers’
E28/9v6*.
̈
✏ḥwt✏ ‘sisters’: see t✏.
✏ yd ‘held = ✏ d p al pass. pt.
⌥r ap el ‘to delay’ ~ wy t✏ ... [wn-] ‘id.’ E27/52r6(?).
— e⇥tap al ‘id.’: see w r.
— See also ✏ ry✏, ✏ ryt, ✏ rn✏, rt✏, tw rt✏.
⌥ry (√✏ r) ‘latter, last’ ~ ✏y✏mcyq ‘last’ E27/27v28*, 48r28.
— ✏ ry✏ d- ‘the last of’ ~ cn ... p ys✏ ‘after’ E28/7v24f.
— knwn ✏ ry (month name) ‘Latter K⇠non’ ~ b q✏nc (Sogd. month name) E24c1.19. See also
Sogd. s.v. knwn ✏⇣ry.
⌥ryt (√✏ r) ‘finally’ ~ ✏y✏m s✏r ‘id.’ Mt21.37 E5/38v; E29/5v12, 23.
⌥rn (√✏ r) ‘other’, f. ✏ rt✏ ~ dbtyq ‘the second, other (of two), next’ E5+; ~ ny- ‘another, (some)
other’ E5; E25/1r16*; E27; ~ yw ‘one’ E26/28v15; E28/65v9; ~ dw✏ts-myq ‘twelfth’(!)
̈
E28/7r8*; pl. ✏ḥrn✏ ‘others’ ~ nyt ◆dyt ‘other people’ E27/31r13; ~ ywqws ✏dyt ‘id.’ E28/7r16;
~ yw-qwst ‘others’ Jn9.16 E5/100r.
— ✏ rt✏ ... ✏ rt✏ ... ‘one ... another ...’ ~ ny- ... ny- ... ‘id.’ E27/31r14f.
1
yd ‘hand’, constr. yd ~ dst- ‘id.’ E5+; Ps24.4; Creed 4.
— b-yd, b-✏yd-, b-✏ÿd- ‘by means of’, lit. ‘by the hand of’ ~ pr ... dstw/dsty ‘id.’ 1Tim2.15 E6/
18v*, Tit3.6 E6/5v*; Rom5.21 E32/1r*; E25/1v11; E26/27r2, v34*, 28r1*; E27; E28/9v31,
14r16; ~ pr ‘by’ E27; E28/12v18; ~ cn ‘from (etc.)’ E24c1.25.
— b-yd hlyn ‘by means of those (things)’ ~ prywnty dstw ‘id.’ E28/14r6.
— kyrt ✏ÿd✏ ‘handwriting, autograph’ ~ S stw↵ry ‘id.’ 20227r15*.
— ⌘bd ✏ÿdwhy ‘the work of His hands’ ~ S ZKny * stw↵✏ry (MS sw↵ry!) kty✏wy ‘His handi-
work (and) creation’ Ps19.2.
— ⌘bd✏ d-✏ÿd✏ ‘work of the hands’ ~ dstwb✏r̈✏ ‘handiwork’ E26/30v27.
— tny p al + symyd✏ ‘to recite the laying on of hands’ ~ *wn-/qt- + ✏frywn ‘to perform a
blessing’ E24c3.23.
2
✏yd✏ ‘which?’: see ✏yn✏.
✏yd⌘t✏ ‘knowledge’: see yd⌘t✏.
yzgdwt ‘embassy, mission’ ~ [ nty✏] ‘id.’ E27/1r13.
yk ‘as, like, according to’ (adv. or prep.) ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ mydc✏nw ‘id.’ Ps19.6; E29/
̈
4r13; ~ w✏fyd/w✏fyd✏ c✏nw ‘id.’ Col1.11 E32/2v*; E27/14v21, 22v13(?); ~ w✏nc✏nw ... q ny
‘like’, lit. ‘as in the likeness of’ Ps5.10*, 13; E23.165f; E26/24r32, 28v7f*.
— ✏yk d- (i) ‘as’ (conj.) ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 8*; ~ mydc✏nw ‘id.’ E27; E28/8v12; ~
w✏nc✏nw qt ‘id.’ E5 (calque); ~ w✏nc✏nw qy ‘id.’ E26/27r23 (calque); ~ 1myd ‘so, thus’ E27/
22r16; (ii) ‘so that’ ~ w✏nqt ‘id.’ E27; E28.
— ✏yk d-l- ‘in order for ...’ ~ cymyd ... pyd✏r ‘for the sake of this ...’ E28/27r25.
— ✏yk hkn✏ ‘thus’, lit. ‘like so’ ~ cymy xw✏n ‘of this kind, thus’ E28/3v18; ~ prymyd fr n✏ ‘in
this manner’ E28/3v23.
— ✏yk hlyn ‘like these’ ~ cymnt xw✏nt ‘of such kinds’ E28/14v22.
— ✏yk ḣw d- ‘as, as if’ ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’ E27/111r8*; E28/8r10; ~ w✏nc✏nw xyd n✏x ‘id.’ E28/14r14.
— ✏yk d✏ ‘together’: see ✏k d.
— ✏yk m✏ d- ‘as’ ~ c✏nw ‘id.’ E27/23r10, 26r20; ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’ E24c1.81; ~ w✏nc✏nw qt ‘id.’
Lk24.24 E5/72r (calque).
— d-✏yk d- ‘as if’ ~ qt w✏nc✏nw qt ‘id.’ Lk24.28 E5/72v (calque).
yk ‘where? where’ ~ 1qw ‘id.’ Mt2.2 E3v; Jn9.12 E5/100r; 1Cor12.17, 19 E6/20v*; E23.205;
E24c1.79, 80; E27/39v4; 20227v9; ~ wdy wy✏q qw ‘in that place where’ E24c1.55.
— ✏yk✏ d- ‘where’ ~ wdy qw ‘there where’ E27/31r20, 48r19; ~ wdy wy✏q qw ‘in that place
where’ E23.169f; E24c1.55.
— kl ✏yk✏ d- ‘everywhere that’ ~ wysprd wy✏qy qw ‘in every place where’ E28/7r10.
— l-✏yk✏ ‘whither?’ ~ qw s✏ ‘id.’ E27/87v7.
— l-✏yk✏ d- ‘whither’ ~ ✏ws✏r qwt ‘id.’ E28/14v5.
— mn ✏yk✏ ‘whence?’ ~ cqn✏ ‘from which? whence?’ E27/102v18*; ~ 1qw ‘where?’ E26/30r34; ~
c✏nw ‘how?’ E28/9r24.
ykn , ✏ykn ‘how?’ ~ c✏nw ‘id.’ 1Cor12.17 E6/20v*; E26/30r34; E27/61r21, v29; E28/5r21, 7r6,
v2, 8r25, 26; ~ 1c✏ny ‘id.’ E5 (perhaps altered from or to c✏nw in Lk24.35 E5/73r); ~ c✏n ‘id.’
E24c1.83, 85, c3.10; ~ c✏ wny ‘id.’ E23.85; ~ pr c✏wnc fr n✏ ‘in what manner?’ E27/12r16*,
v3*, 23r2*; ~ pr cw fr n✏ ‘in what way?’ E24c1.14; ~ pr cwty ‘why?’ E27/60r11.
— ✏ykn✏ d- (i) ‘as’ (conj.) ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’ NT+; ~ w✏nc✏nw qt ‘id.’ E5 (calque); (ii) ‘so that’ ~
w✏nqt ‘id.’ E27; E28; ~ 1m✏t ‘id.’ E27/11r17*.
ylwl (month name) ‘Elul’: see Sogd. s.v.
ylyn ‘which?’ (pl. of ✏yn✏, ✏yd✏, q.v.) ~ cw ‘what?’ E27/7v28 (x2).
— ✏ylyn (...) d- ‘those (...) who/which’ ~ x✏nt (...) qy/qt/qyt ‘id.’ Lk2.18 E3v*; Lk1.1 E4; Lk12.37
E5/130r, Lk24.33 E5/73r; E27; E28; ~ xyd qy ‘id.’ E27/104r9*; ~ wy nt (...) qt/qy/q t ‘those
who’ E5; 1Cor1.28 E6/12v; E24c1.43, 87*; E26/24v21; E27; E28/2av4, 4v30; ~ x✏nt ✏d t qt
‘those people who’ Lk24.33 E5/73r; ~ x✏nt/w✏n t/dywnt ✏y t/✏ycty (...) qt/qy/q t ‘those things
which’ Lk2.18 E3v*; E27/104r14; E28/12v27, 14v8; ~ ✏ ct qt ‘the things which’ E28/14r2; ~
m✏x qt ‘you who’ Gal3.27 E6/3r.
— ✏n ✏ ✏ylyn d- ‘those men who’ ~ my n qy ‘these who’ E24c2.18.
— b- (...) ✏ylyn d- ‘on/concerning those (...) who’ ~ prywnt (...) qy/qyt ‘id.’ E27/104r11; E28/
12r8.
— d-✏ylyn (...) d- ‘of those who’ ~ dywnt ✏dyty ... qy/qyt ‘of those people who’ E27/104r10; E28/
3r25f.
— klhyn ✏ylyn d- ‘all those (things) which’ ~ s✏t ✏y t qy ‘all things which’ E27/77v10; Creed 1.
— lwt ✏ylyn d- ‘to those who’ ~ (qywnt s)[✏ ...] ‘id.’ E28/5v18.
— mn ✏ylyn d- ‘of those (things) which’ ~ cywnt [...] E28/2ar3.
— ⌘l ✏ylyn d- ‘concerning those who’ ~ prywnt qy ‘id.’ E27/111v6.
yln ‘tree’ ~ 1wn- ‘id.’ E23.112, 120, 169; E27/27v20.

̇
ʾylṧd (Hebrew) ‘God Almighty’: see Sogd. s.v.
ylt ‘hind’ ~ S wẓ-n- ‘deer’ Ps29.9.
ymk ‘whence?’: mn ✏ymk✏ ‘id.’ ~ cn qw ms✏ ‘id.’ Jn9.29 E5/101r, Jn9.30 E5/101v.
ymm (→ywm✏, ywmn✏) ‘daytime’ ~ 2my ‘day’ E26/31r26; E27/55v26, 94r20; E28/7v8.
— m⌧⌘th d-✏ymm✏ ‘middle of the day’ ~ nymy my ‘midday’ E26/31r26.
yn ‘yes, truly’ ~ d✏p✏t ‘id.’ Mt21.30 E5/38r; E23.266.
yn ‘which? which’, f. ✏yd✏ ~ qd✏m ‘id.’ E24c1.73; E27/13r17; E28/7r2.—For pl. ✏ylyn see
separate entry above.
— ✏yn✏ (...) d- ‘he/him who; that (...) which’ ~ xwny ✏dy (...) qt/q t ‘that person who’ Mt10.22
E5/75v*, Jn1.33 E5/19v*; E28/2ar11; ~ xwny qy/qyt/qt ‘he/him who’ E27; E28; ~ wyspw
(±xwny) qy ‘everyone who’ E28/1; ~ [x](w)n qt ‘that (...) which’ Jn2.10 E5/21v; ~ xyd (...)
qy/qt ‘id.’ E26/28r4*; E28/14v4*; ~ dywy ... qwc✏ ‘that ... for which’ E23.158; ~ w✏ wny ...
q t ‘such a ... which’ E28/14v6.
— ✏yn✏ khn✏ d- ‘that priest who’ ~ wyspy (d)[ynd]✏r qy ‘any priest who’ E27/55v30.
— b-✏yn✏ d- ‘in that (one) which’ ~ prywyd/prywy qt/qyt ‘id.’ E28/14r11f*, 13, 15, 17*.
— h⌥ ✏yn✏ d- ‘he who’ ~ xwny mrt(x)[my qy] ‘that ma[n who]’ E27/14v21.
— mn ✏yn✏ d- ‘from him who’ ~ cywydy qy ‘from that one who’ E28/1v10.
ysryl, ✏ysr✏yl ‘Israel’ ~ ysr✏yl/ysryl ‘id.’ Lk1.68 E5/6r; E27/60r1*, 94v24; ~ ysr(✏)yl rm- ‘the
people Israel’ Lk24.21 E5/72r, Jn1.31 E5/19v; ~ ysr✏ylyqt ‘Israelites’ Lk1.80 E5/6v.
— byt ✏ysryl ‘land of Israel’ ~ ysr✏ylyqt ‘Israelites’ Mt10.23 E5/75v.
̈
— bny ✏ysr✏yl ‘sons of Israel’ ~ ysryl rm- ‘the people Israel’ E24c1.32.
yqr (√yqr) ‘honour’ ~ zpry✏q ‘id.’ E27; E28/1v10, 12, 7v12; ‘honour, reverence’ ~ S pt↵y- ‘id.’
̈
Ps29.1*, 2*; ‘honour, magnificence’ ~ x nqʾw✏ ‘excellence, honour’ E26/24r11(?).
— d-✏yqr̈✏ ‘of honours’ ~ S pt↵yw-cyk ‘honoured’ Ps24.7*, 8, 9*, 10*.
yr (month name) ‘Iyy⇠r’: see Sogd. s.v.
yt (± personal suffix, ± hwy p al) ‘to be’ ~ x- ‘id.’ NT+; Ps5.10, 19.7*; ~ swq- ‘id.’ Lk1.80 E5/
6v; E27; E28/7v20; ~ b- ‘id.’ E24c1.81; E26/24r10, 27r5; E27/57r28; E28/3v19, 8v26.
— l-yt (= l✏ + ✏yt) ‘there is not’: see separate entry lyt.
kwt- ‘like’ ~ yw m wn ‘id.’ Ps50.21*; E27/65v27; ~ pt ny✏ ‘id.’ E27/7r26, 91v4; ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘as,
like’ E26/25r27*.
k⌥d, ✏k d✏, ✏yk d✏ ‘together’ ~ yw wy✏q(y) ‘id.’, lit. ‘in one place’ Lk24.36 intro E5/83r*; Hymn
8; E27/60v30*, 111v8*; E28/7r25*.
kl p al ‘to eat’ ~ 1xwr- ‘id.’ Mt6.31 E1/2v*; Lk24.43 E5/83v*; E23.117; E24c1.78; E25/1v12;
E26; E27; E30; ~ xwrt xwr- ‘to eat food’ E26/30r24.
— p al act. pt.: see ✏klqr⌧✏.
— yhb p al + ✏kl p al inf. ‘to give (something) to eat’ ~ xwrt * br-/ brt ‘to give food’ Mt25.35
E5/126r.
— ap el ‘to cause to eat’ ~ 2xwyr ‘id.’ E27/94v26.
— etp el + qr̈⌧✏ ‘to be accused’ ≈ ✏ r✏m ‘to slander, accuse’ E27/68v13.
— See also ✏klqr⌧✏, m✏kwlt✏, m✏kl✏.

klws ‘crowd’ ~ ✏w✏zy ‘id.’ E24c2.5.
klqr (√✏kl) ‘the Accuser’ ~ nt✏qry mnw ‘the wicked Satan’ Mt25.41 E5/126v* (rest.!).
ksny (→✏ksnywt✏) ‘foreign, foreigner, stranger’ ~ w ✏mn✏fc ‘id.’ E5+; ~ w ✏mn✏fc ywp✏zy ‘for-
eign guest’ E26/28v8.
ksnywt (→✏ksny✏) ‘foreignness’ ~ [w ✏mn✏fcy]✏ ‘id.’ E27/60r8.
l (i) ‘if ... not’ ~ 1qt + neg. ‘id.’ Lk13.3 E5/34r, Jn14.11 E5/78r*; (ii) ‘but, yet, nevertheless,
except’ ~ 1yw✏r ‘id.’ E5+; ~ 2ps✏ ‘but’ Ps5.10*; E26/25v25; ~ rty ‘and, then’ E27/22r4; ~ 1yty
‘and’ E27/25r5; ~ 1✏t ‘id.’ E27/87v9; ~ q y ‘now’(!) E27/12r1.
— ✏l✏ ✏n (i) ‘but’ ~ yw✏r qt ‘id.’ E27/31r19 (literalism); (ii) ‘unless’ ~ qwpn ny ‘until’ E27/31v26.
lh (→✏lhwt✏, ✏lhy✏) ‘god, God’ ~ b - ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; Creed; ~ nw y b - ‘eternal God’ E26; E27/
23r5; ~ xwt✏w b - ‘the Lord God’ E27/14v12*; E28/65v13; ~ xyp ✏wnt ‘the Lord’ E27/68r12;
~ m y⇣✏ ‘Christ’ E25/1r21; ≈ b ✏nyq ‘divine, of God’ E28/12v16. See also Sogd. s.v. ✏lh✏.
— pl. ✏lḧ✏ ‘gods’ ~ [p](tq)[ry] ‘image, idol’ E23.290.
— gbr✏ d-✏lh✏ ‘man of God’ ~ yrqty ‘righteous, saint’ E23.107.
— d-✏lh✏ ‘of God’ ~ b ✏nyq ‘divine, of God’ NT+; Ps19.
— d-✏lh✏ y✏ ‘of the living God’ ~ nw y-b ✏nyq ‘of the eternal God’ E18r10.
— d-b-✏lh✏ ‘in God’ ~ b ✏nyq ‘divine, of God’ E28/14r25.
— d-mn ✏lh✏ ‘by God’ ~ b ✏nyq ‘divine, of God’ E27/31r3.
— d-⌧bynh d-✏lh✏ ‘of the will of God’ ~ bg✏nyq-✏ry -mync ‘pertaining to the will of God’ Col1.9
E32/2r*.
— lwt ✏lh✏ ‘towards God’ ~ b ✏nyq ‘divine, of God’ E28/12v12.
lhwt (→✏lh✏, ✏lhy✏) ‘divinity’ ~ b y✏qy✏ ‘id.’ E25/1v10*; E28/4v22.
lhy (→✏lh✏, ✏lhwt✏) ‘divine’ ~ b ✏nyq ‘id.’ E26/24r15* (rest.!); E27/31r23; E28/7v10, 8v10*
(rest.!), 12r27; ≈ b y✏qy✏ ‘divinity, godhead’ E24c3.16.
lw ‘if’, introducing an unreal condition (cf. Nöldeke 1898, §375) ~ ✏qt ‘id.’ Jn9.33 E5/101v,
Jn14.28 E2/1r*, 1Cor12.17 E6/20r (x2), 1Cor12.19 E6/20v; ~ 1qd✏ ‘if’ E26/25v8; E27/13v24;
~ 1qt ‘id.’ E28/10r16.
ly p al ‘to mourn’ ~ m✏r✏wt + b- ‘id.’ Jn16.20 E5/79r.
ly (√✏l⌧) ‘constricted, strait, narrow’ ~ tr t- ‘id.’ E28/8r21, v22; ‘distressed, poverty-stricken’ ~
tr z✏y E26/31v21; ‘(more) troublesome’ ~ xystr ‘more difficult’ E28/8v14.
✏lp pa el ‘to teach’: see ylp.
1
lp (→✏lpr✏, ✏lprwt✏) ‘boat, ship’ ~ m✏y✏ ‘id.’ E25/1r19*, 20*, v14; E26/30r24; ~ n✏w ‘id.’ E26/
30r35; E27/31v23, 87v6, 8.
2
lp , ✏lp ‘a thousand’ ~ z✏r ‘id.’ E27/69v14.
— m ✏ ✏lpÿn ‘five thousand’ ~ z✏r z✏r ‘thousands’(!) E26/31v4.
lpr (→1✏lp✏, ✏lprwt✏) ‘sailor’: pl. ✏lpr̈✏ ‘sailors’ ~ m✏y✏ qryny(t) n✏f, n✏wy qryny(t) n✏f(t) ‘id.’, lit.
‘ship-steering people’ E25/1r15*, v14*; E26/30r18, 23f*.
lprwt (→1✏lp✏, ✏lpr✏) ‘navigation’ E27/31r24.
l p al ‘to force, compel’ ~ ftpy ‘id.’ E27/94v16; ‘to urge’ ~ tr z✏y *wn-/qt- ‘to press’ Lk24.29
E5/72v.
— etp el ‘to be distressed’ ≈ S ✏ntwxcw xwyr ‘to distress’, lit. ‘to cause to eat distress’ Ps20.1.
— See also ✏wl⌧n✏, ✏ly⌧✏.
m ‘mother’ ~ 2m✏t ‘id.’ E23.154; E24c1.18; E26/27r9; E27.
1
myn (→✏myn✏, ✏myn✏yt) ‘truly; amen’ ~ 1r t- ‘truth’ E5. See also Sogd. s.v.
2
✏m̈yn ‘cubits’: see 2✏mt✏.
myn (→1✏myn, ✏myn✏yt) ‘constant’ ~ ✏bsty ‘id.’ E27/31r26, 27, v4; E28/8v27; ≈ r✏mnt(y) ‘con-
stantly’ E25/1v17*; E28/12v3.
— abs. 3✏myn ‘always, constantly’ (see ThesSyr, 236: ‘cum verbis adverbii vim habet’) ~ r✏mnt
‘id.’ E28.
myn yt (→1✏myn, ✏myn✏) ‘always, constantly’ ~ r✏mnt ‘id.’ E28/7v18; ~ wyspw n ✏m ‘at all
times’ E26/28r25*.
mr p al ‘to say, speak, tell’ ~ w✏b ‘id.’ NT+; Ps12.6, 33.9; ~ pcqwy- ‘to say (to a superior)’
NT+; ~ frm✏y ‘to say (authoritatively)’ NT+; ~ ✏y ‘to speak, talk, say’ Jn16.33 E5/80r*;
E28/1r9; ~ ny ty- ‘to send word, announce’ E27/77v13.
— p al + b-ql✏ rm✏ ‘to say in a loud voice’ ~ p yr ‘to shout, cry out’ E27/22v18* (rest.!).
— etp el ‘to be said’ ~ w ty b- or w ty x- ‘id.’ Mt5.31 E5/28r*, Mt5.38 E5/28v*, Jn20.24 E5/
76v; E27/39v1, 40r17; E28/4v30 (s.v. w✏b).
— See also m✏mr✏.
mr ‘lamb’ ~ wr✏n ‘id.’ Mt10.16 E5/75r; E18r10; E27/56r26.
1
mt ‘handmaid, maidservant’ ~ d✏y ‘id.’ E26/24r21*; ~ d✏y ✏ync ‘servant woman’ E23.134.
2
mt ‘cubit’, pl. abs. ✏m̈yn ~ ✏rync ‘id.’ E23.114, 171.
mty ‘when? when’ ~ 1qd✏ ‘id.’ Mt25.38 E5/126r*, Mt25.44 E5/126v, Lk12.36 E5/130r; Ps6.4.
— ✏mty d- ‘when’ ~ c✏nw ‘id.’ E27/40r21, v13; ~ wyd✏ ty qt ‘at that time when’ Mt10.19 E5/
75r*, Jn5.28 E5/41r*, Jn16.25 E5/79r.
n (→✏pn) ‘if, whether’ ~ 1qt ‘id.’ NT+; ~ 1qd✏ ‘id.’ E26/25v12; E27/12r11, 13r22, 25; ~ qdb✏t ‘if
perchance’ E26/5v4, 11; E29/8v3; ~ qd✏ db✏t ‘id.’ E26/24v11; ~ c✏nw ‘when’ E26/5v13; E28/
10v19; E30/6v7.
— ✏l✏ ✏n (i) ‘but’ ~ yw✏r qt ‘id.’ E27/31r19 (literalism); (ii) ‘unless’ ~ qwpn ny ‘until’ E27/31v26.
— ✏n ... ✏n ... ‘whether ... or ...’ ~ *qd✏ ... qd✏ ... ‘id.’ E28/5r11f* (rest.!); ~ b ... b ... ‘both ... and
...’ E27/31v19.
— ✏pn ‘even if, although’: see separate entry.
— d-✏n ‘that if, whether’ ~ 1qt ‘if, whether’ Jn9.22 E5/100v; E27/22v4, 39v5, 68r9, 94r19; ~ cwt
(particle introducing a question) E27/39v6, 9.
n , encl. -n✏ (i) ‘I’ ~ zw ‘id.’ E5+; Ps5.8*; (ii) (used as copula) ~ x- ‘to be’ E5+; ~ S ✏skw- ‘id.’
Ps6.3.
nwn, f. ✏nyn (pl. encl. of h⇧, h , q.v.) (i) ‘they, them’ ~ 1wy nt ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ n ‘them’
Mt10.21 E5/75v, Lk19.27 E5/125v, Jn5.36 E5/41v*; Ps19.12*; E24c1.31, 59, c2.19; E26/
28v6, 31r18; E27; (ii) (used as copula) ~ x- ‘to be’ NT+; ~ b-/qt- ‘to be’ E24c1.85; E28/4v30.
n⌥ ettap al ‘to sigh, groan’ ~ ✏wts ‘id.’ E27/60r16; E28/2ar13.

— See also t✏n t✏.
✏n nn ‘we’: see 1 nn.
✏nyn ‘they, them’: see ✏nwn.
n (→✏n wt✏, ✏n y✏, brn ✏) (i) ‘man, human, person’ ~ mrtxmy ‘id.’ NT+; ~ mrty ‘man, male’
E27/60r26; ~ swgb✏r ‘monk’ E28/8r22, v4*; (ii) ‘men, mankind’ ~ [z✏ycyqt d](✏)m ‘earthly
creatures’ E26/25v18(?); ~ n✏f ‘people, nation, folk’ E26/24r25.—For brn ✏ ‘man’, pl. bnÿn ✏
see separate entry below.
— abs. ✏n ‘someone, anyone, one, person’ ~ ✏dy ‘id.’ E5+; ~ wyspw ✏dy ‘everyone’ Jn16.32 E5/
79v; ~ ywtr ‘a certain one, a certain person’ E27/60r1*, 94r12; E28/12v16.
— ✏n ✏n ‘each person’ ~ yw yw ✏d ‘id.’ Mt16.27 E5/127r*.
— ✏n + l✏ ‘no-one’ ~ ✏dy + neg. ‘id.’ Jn16.22 E5/79r; E23.76, A30; E27/13v18, 60v10; E28/
4v27f.
— ✏n ✏ ✏ylyn d- ‘those men who’ ~ my n qy ‘these who’ E24c2.18.
— brh d-✏n ✏ ‘Son of Man’ as a title of Jesus ~ mrtxm z✏t ‘id.’ E5; E27/54v27 (cf. also mrtxmy
✏✏ wn ‘id.’ E29/6r1 (–)).
— kl ✏n , kln ‘everyone’ ~ wyspw ✏dy ‘id.’ E5+; ~ wyspw mrtxmy ‘id.’ E23.250; E24c1.67, 86;
~ mrtxmy ‘man, person’ E27/57r13; ~ m wn fcmbd ‘the whole world’ E18v9.
— klhwn ✏n ✏ ‘all people’ ~ wyspw ✏dy ‘everyone’ E29/8v10*.
— q l ✏n ✏ ‘killer of men, murderer’ ~ mrtxmy-ptxw✏yny ‘id.’ E28/20r11.
n wt (→✏n ✏, ✏n y✏) ‘populace’ ~ mrtxmyt ‘men, people’ E27/60r30, 77r10.
n y (→✏n ✏, ✏n wt✏) ‘human’: ⌘wmr✏ ✏n y✏ ‘human abode’ ~ fcmbd ‘world; the earth’ E27/61r25.
nt, -t, f. ✏nty, -ty (i) ‘you’ (sg.) ~ t w ‘id.’ E5+; Ps; ≈ tw✏ ‘id.’ E27/13r25; (ii) (used as copula) ~
x- ‘to be’ E5+; Ps5.5*.
ntwn, f. ✏ntyn (i) ‘you’ (pl.) ~ m✏x ‘id.’ NT+; (ii) (used as copula) ~ x- ‘to be’ Mt10.31 E5/76r;
E6; E26/31v18; E27/22v1.
ntwp✏ws ‘proconsul’ ~ d✏tbr ‘judge’ E27/77r5*, 16.
ntt ‘wife, woman’, pl. n⌫✏ ~ ✏ync ‘woman’ NT+; ~ wdw ‘wife’ E27; ~ db✏mn ‘wife; lady’
Mt19.10 E2/2r; Mt5.32 E5/28r; E24c3.10.
— wtp quad.refl. + ⌘m ✏ntt✏ ‘to be married with a woman’ ~ wdw pryp ‘to take a wife, marry’
E27/102v23.
s̈d ‘pillows’ ~ 2pts✏r ‘head of a bed’ E27/51v26, 57r27.
swr (√✏sr) ‘bond, fetter’ ~ 2bnt ‘id.’ E27/22r7, 9*.
s✏wks ‘element’ ~ mrd✏spnt ‘id.’ Gal4.3 E6/3v.
s✏wmk ‘stomach’ ~ xwrtdny ‘id.’ E28/12r11; ~ xwrtdny ✏t q ✏ry ‘stomach and belly’ E28/12r14.
s✏r✏yw✏ ‘soldier’ ~ ✏ztq✏r ‘id.’ E27/77r11.
s✏r✏l✏ys ‘general’ ~ sp✏dpt ‘id.’ E27/87v2.
sy pa el ‘to heal, cure’ ~ 2py✏m ‘id.’ E26/27v26*; ~ py✏m br- ‘to give healing’ E23.148.
— etpa al ‘to be healed’ ~ py✏ms- ‘id.’ E26/29r12*, 13*; ~ py✏m byr ‘to receive healing’ Jn9.36
E5/101v; E23.141.
— See also ✏sywt✏.

sywt (√✏sy) ‘healing, reparation, medicine, remedy’ ~ *✏mrwd✏(?) ‘medicine’ E30/4v17*; ~ ptst✏t
‘defence; remedy’ E28/1v12; ~ wqy✏ ‘healing, reparation’ E27/102r29.
✏syr, ✏syr✏ (i) ‘bound’: see ✏sr p al pass. pt.; (ii) ‘prisoner’: see byt ✏syr̈✏, rb byt ✏syr̈✏ s.v. byt✏.
skm ‘attire, habit, fashion, manner’ ~ n wdn ‘clothing, garment, attire’ E26/28v9; ~
[p]tzbwrty✏(q) ‘fashion, manner’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r.
spwql✏r ‘executioner’ ~ p wx✏yny ‘killer’ E24c2.14.
sr p al ‘to bind’ ~ 1bynt ‘id.’ E27.
— p al pass. pt. (✏syr, ✏syr✏) ‘bound’ ~ bsty ‘id.’ Lk12.35 E5/130r; E26/30v28; E27/25v16*,
69r30.—Also ‘prisoner’, see byt ✏syr̈✏, rb byt ✏syr̈✏ (s.v. byt✏).
— See also ✏swr✏, 2✏sr✏.
1
sr ‘ἀσσάριον’ (name of a small coin) ~ 2bnt ‘bond, fetter, etc.’(!) (probably by confusion with
2
✏sr✏, cf. Sundermann 1974, 253 n. 150) Mt10.29 E5/76r.
2
sr (√✏sr) ‘bond, interdict, curse, anathema’ ~ bn ‘id.’ E8r10, v2.
p (→✏pn) ‘also, too, even, moreover’ ~ ms ‘id.’ NT+; Ps6.2, 19.12; ~ rty ‘and, then’ E28/5v16.
— ✏p-l✏ ‘not even’ ~ ms z ✏m + neg. ‘id.’ E27; E28/12r12*.
— ✏pn ‘even if, although’: see separate entry.
— ✏p + twb ‘moreover’ ~ ms ‘also, moreover’ E28/5r20.
— w-✏p ‘and also’ ~ ZY ‘and’ E23.218.
⇥ ‘face’, constr. ✏⇥y ~ ryt ‘id.’ E23.150; E24c2.10; E27/60r10.
— l-✏⇥y ‘to, towards’ ~ 2qw ... s✏(r) ‘id.’ E27/77r16.
— msb b-✏⇥✏ ‘hypocrisy, prejudice’ ~ ptryt-nm✏nqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/1v6f; ~ [ptryt]-nm✏ny✏ ‘id.’ E27/
56r6.
— ⌘l ✏pÿ (i) ‘on the face of, upon’ ~ [p](r) ‘upon’ E26/23v9; (ii) ‘on account of, for the sake of’ ~
cn ... pyd✏r ‘id.’ 1Cor11.24 E6/7v; Ps6.1; E26/31v11; E27/12v19; ~ cn ‘from’ E26/24v24; ~ S
(pry)[wy ] ‘on account of that’ Ps13.1.
✏pwp✏sys ‘sentence’: see ✏ppsys.
p✏rwp ‘steward, guardian’ ~ frm✏n-d✏r ‘id.’ Gal4.2 E6/3v.
✏⇥y ‘face’: see ✏⇥✏.
pysqwp , ✏psqwp✏, ✏ps̈qwp✏ etc. ‘bishop’: see Sogd. s.v. ✏psqwp✏.
plw, ✏plwn ‘Apollo’ ~ mx✏q✏r ‘Mah⇠k⇠la’ E23.238; ~ ptqry ‘image, idol’ E23.223; ~ b - ‘god’
E23.293.
pn (→✏n, ✏p) ‘even if, although’ ~ ms c✏f ‘id.’ E27/31r13, 48r5, 66r4; ‘even’ ~ ms z ✏m ‘id.’ E28/
7v3.
ppsys ‘sentence’ ~ mrcy bnt✏m pwsty ‘death sentence document’ E23A12; E24c2.3.
qm ‘point (of time), stage’ ~ 1⌦y ‘period’ E27/31.
rb , ✏rb⌘✏ ‘four’ ~ ctfrs ‘forty’(!) E26/30r27.
— d-✏rb⌘✏ ‘fourth, fourthly’ ~ ctf✏rmyq ‘id.’ E26/30r23*; E27/39v1*, 108v4*.
r̈b yn ‘forty’ ~ ctfrs ‘id.’ E27/55r18, 20; E29/5v11, 12*; ✏r̈b⌘yn ✏r̈b⌘yn ‘forty each’ ~ tfrs tfrs
‘id.’ E27/55r21.
rb sr ‘fourteen’ ~ 1ctf✏rs ‘id.’ E47A16*.

rw⌥t (= rw t✏) ‘openness, open country, relief’ ~ y rty✏q ‘id.’ E27/120r7.
rw wt ‘disputation’: ✏rw⌘wt✏ d-m̈l✏ ‘disputation with words’ ~ w✏x ty r ty w✏mnty ‘correct flow
of words’ E28/14v15.
rz , r✏z✏ (→✏rzny✏) ‘secret, mystery, sacrament, symbol’ ~ r✏z ‘id.’ E27; E29/4r2. See also Sogd.
s.v. r✏z✏.
rzny (= r✏zny✏) (→✏rz✏) ‘mysterious, symbolic’ ~ r✏zy✏n ‘id.’ E28/3v22.
ry ‘lion’ ~ rw ‘id.’ E27/83r6*, 87v13; E28/10r1.
rkwn (→✏r̈kws) ‘chief, leader, captain, chief man’ ~ sr ng ‘id.’ Jn14.30 E2/1r*; ~ sry✏qyc ‘id.’
E27/40r10* (rest.!).
r̈kws (→✏rkwn✏) ‘principalities’ (an order of angels) ~ sr ngt ‘leaders, captains’ E26/30r13.
1
rmy [⇠r⇠m⇠y⇠] (→2✏rmy✏) ‘Aramaean’ ~ ✏rm✏yq ‘id.’ E28/9v15.
2
rmy [arm⇠y⇠] (→1✏rmy✏) ‘gentile, pagan, heathen’ ~ rmq✏n ‘id.’ 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*; Gal3.28
E6/3r.
rmlt ‘widow’ ~ wydwc ‘id.’ E23.88, 97, 214.
r (→✏r⌘n✏, ✏r⌘ny✏) ‘earth, ground, land, country’ ~ 1z✏y ‘id.’ Mt10.15 E5/75r, Mt10.29 E5/76r*;
E23.272(?); E26; E27; E28; E29/2v10; E30/6v8*; ~ zmyx ‘earth’ E27/102r18(?); ~ fcmbd
‘world; the earth’ Ps24.1*; E26; E28/27v21; ~ s✏t fcmbdcyqt mrtxmyt ‘all men on earth’ E26/
31r21f; ≈ z✏ycyqt ‘earthly beings, humans’ E26/23v27; ~ ✏wt✏q ‘land, country (of Egypt)’
E26/28v3.
— l-t t mn ✏r⌘✏ ‘under the earth’ ~ mwrty-d✏m ‘realm of the dead’ E26/23v15f*.
— m✏ d-b-✏r⌘✏ ‘what (is) on earth’ ~ z✏ycyq ‘earthly, of the earth’ E26/23v15.
— p⌘r̈yḣ d-✏r⌘✏ ‘chasms in the earth’ ~ z✏y-qntyt ‘id.’ E26/24r20.
r n (→✏r⌘✏, ✏r⌘ny✏) ‘earthly’: pl. ✏r̈⌘n✏ ‘dwellers on earth’ ≈ ✏ftqy pw ‘(habitable) earth, world’ E26/
23v3*.
r ny (→✏r⌘✏, ✏r⌘n✏) ‘earthly’ ~ z✏ycyq ‘id.’ E26/24r14.
— f. pl. ✏r̈⌘nyt✏ ‘earthly (things)’ ~ z✏ycyqt ✏ycty ‘earthly things’ E28/12v21; ~ z✏yc[y]q ✏y [nty✏]
‘earthly honour’ E28/14r17.
✏rqy⌘✏ ‘firmament’: see rqy⌘✏.
d p al ‘to shed, pour’ ~ p ync ‘to shed’ E23.318; E28/23r10; ~ wr c ‘to pour’ Tit3.6 E6/5v.
— p al + dm✏ ‘to shed blood’ ~ S (pt)[xwnk] k(w)n- ‘to commit murder’ Ps5.7.
— etp el ‘to be shed’ ~ p ty b- ‘id.’ E26/31v14.
✏r , r✏ ‘document’, constr. ✏ r:
— ✏ r ẅbt✏ ‘bill of debts’ ~ qt✏nymync bnty-pwsty ‘bill of servitude of sin’ E26/24v23, 27*.
— ✏ r rwr̈✏ ‘bill of manumission’ ~ ✏✏zty-pwsty ‘id.’ E26/24v13*, 28r2*.
— ✏ r ⌘bdwt✏ ‘bill of servitude’ ~ bnty-pwsty ‘id.’ E26/25r13.
✏ k ‘to be able, to find’: see k .
✏ t✏ ‘six’: see t, t✏.
✏ ty ‘to drink’: see ty.
t ‘sign’, pl. ✏tẅt✏ ~ x nyrq ‘id.’ E27/31v10, 57; ~ qr wrz ‘miracle (and) wonder’ Jn9.16 E5/100r.
twry ‘Assyrian’ ~ S ✏✏ wr✏ykcyk ‘id.’ Ps29.0.

ty p al ‘to come’ ~ ✏ys ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 10; ~ ✏xyr ‘to walk, behave’ E23.176; ~ ny - ‘to go out,
depart, go away’ E26/32v17.
— p al + d-n kb ‘to come to die’ ~ pnt-mrc b- ‘to be close to death’ E27/60r14.
— ap el ‘to cause to come, bring, fetch’ ~ 2✏br ‘to bring, fetch’ Lk19.27 E5/125v; Ps29.0, 1, 2;
E27/40r12, 111r4; ~ ✏ny ‘to lead, fetch, bring, offer’ NT+; Ps29.1*; ~ pryp ‘to lead, fetch,
bring’ E27/23r11, 77r12.
— ap el + ⌘whdn✏ ‘to remind’, lit. ‘to bring remembrance’ ~ y✏ ✏br ‘id.’ E27/102r23.
— See also m✏tyt✏.
tly✏ ‘hero, champion’ ~ qw- ‘id.’ E28/1r13 (MS zw-!); ~ nqyn ‘victorious, champion’
E24c2.13.
tr (i) ‘place, region, land, country’ ~ ✏wt✏q ‘id.’ E27/1r6*(?), 7r27, 54v21; E28/4r25; ~ qn
‘town, city’ E28/9v31; ~ (n)✏(f)[cy✏] ‘nation, country’ E27/11r22; ~ wy✏q ‘place’ Jn16.32
E5/79v; E26/26v13; E27; E28/7r4, 9r9, v29; (ii) ‘space, room, opportunity’ ~ pstn- ‘delay,
respite’ E27/54r14(?); ~ pw✏z ‘interval, space’ E28/3r20; ~ ✏w ✏m ‘opportunity’ E28/12v7
(see also Sogd. s.v. wy✏q (ii)).
— b-kl ✏tr d- ‘wherever’ ~ qw s✏r qy ‘id.’ E28/9v29*(?).
— br ✏tr✏ (i) ‘native’ ~ ✏wt✏qcyq ‘id.’ E27/60r4, 9*; (ii) ‘compatriot’ ~ *✏w-✏wt✏qcyq ‘id.’ E27/
87r13*; ~ ✏wn✏fc ‘id.’ E27/7r21*.
— mnh d-✏tr✏ ‘from that country’ ~ ✏wt✏qcyq ‘native’ E27/60r3*.
b- ‘on, in, upon, at, for, to, over, against, concerning, by, according to, with, through’ etc. ~ pr
‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ 1prywyd ‘on that, in those’ E27/1v10; E28; ~ (±pr ...) cyntr ‘in, inside, into’
Lk2.12 E3r, Lk2.19 E3v*; Mt10.28 E5/76r*, Lk19.20 E5/125r, Jn5.28 E5/41r*; Ps5.8*;
E23.105, 111; E26; ~ cyntrp✏r ‘id.’ E26/26v21*; ~ cys✏r ‘into, in’ Ps50.16; E24c3.9; ~ 2qw ‘in,
at, into, to’ E27/56v6; ~ 2qw ... s✏(r) ‘to, at’ Mt21.32 E5/38r; E27/12r10; E28/1r11, v2,
14r18*; ~ s✏r ‘at, into’ Mt21.29 E5/38r; E28/1v14; ~ (±pr ...) cwpr ‘over, upon, against, for,
concerning’ Ps; E23.247f (‘in’?); E26/27r35, 31r12f; ~ cn ‘from (etc.)’ E27; E36/1v12(?);
Ps5.11*; ~ cn ... pyd✏r ‘on account of’ E27/68r15; Ps5.8; ~ pr ... dsty ‘by means of’ Col1.14
E32/2v; ~ cn ... c✏p✏r ‘under’ E28/1r17; ~ (±dn ...) prw ‘with’ E26/31r18; E27/77v12; ~
myd✏n(y) ‘amidst, among, between’ E26/31r29; E27/23v26, 68r11.
— with pronominal suffixes:
— by ‘in me, upon me, concerning me’ etc. ~ pr✏m✏ ‘id.’ E27/12r4, 111v3, 4; ≈ zw ‘I’ E27/
13r22, 25.
— bk, f. bky ‘in you, upon you, against you’ (sg.) ~ pr✏f✏ ‘id.’ Ps5.12 (x2); E27/7v23; E28/7r4.
— bh, f. bḣ ‘in him, upon him, concerning her, over it’ etc. ~ pryw ‘id.’ E5; E27; E28/1r14,
8v26; ~ prywnt ‘on it’ E29/1r10; ~ 1prywyd ‘by that’ E27/56v28*; ~ wdy ‘there, in it’
Mt21.33 E5/38r (x2); E26/28v4; E27.
— bhwn, f. bhyn ‘in them, by them’ etc. ~ prywnt ‘id.’ Lk1.78 E5/6v, Jn20.25 E5/76v*;
E27/57r13, 68v8, 91r10; ~ prymyd ‘by this’ E27/31v2; ~ prywnty dstw ‘by means of those
(things)’ E28/14r7.
— b- (...) ✏ylyn d- ‘on/concerning those (...) who’ ~ prywnt (...) qy/qyt ‘id.’ E27/104r11; E28/
12r8.
— b-✏yn✏ d- ‘in that (one) which’ ~ prywyd/prywy qt/qyt ‘id.’ E28/14r11f*, 13, 15, 17*.
— b-gw ‘inside, within’ ~ cyntr ‘in, inside’ Lk24.32 E5/72v; ~ myd✏n(y) ‘amidst, among,
between’ Ps5.10; E26/31v1; E27/22v15; ~ pr ‘in’ E27/31r9, v19, 40r22.
— b-d- ‘in that, in so far as’ ~ prywyd yty ‘id.’ E27/19v1; ~ prywy qt ‘id.’ E28/3r12; ~ p✏ ‘for,
because’ E27/31v21; ~ c✏nw ‘since’ E27/31v14 (2nd c✏nw).
— b-dmwt ‘in the likeness of’ ~ w✏fyd c✏nw ‘as, like’ E27/22v13(?), 23v15*; ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’
E26/32v5*; ~ mydc✏nw ‘id.’ E28/9r30*; ~ m✏nwq ‘like, similar’ E26/28v23.
— b-(...) hd✏/hn✏ ‘at this, by this’ etc. ~ (±pr) prymyd ‘id.’ Jn5.28 E5/41r, Jn16.30 E5/79v; E25/
1r18; E27/31v14, 54v27, 94r21; E28/3r16, v15, 7v9.
— b-(...) h⌥/hẏ ‘in that, through that, by that’ ~ 1prywyd ‘id.’ E27/40v6, 54v22; E28/3v15, 22*,
4r30; ~ cn cywyd ‘from that’ E27/14v20.
— b-h⌥ d- ‘for that (person) who’ ~ prywyd ✏dw qy ‘for that person who’ E27/31r10.
— b-h⌥ ywm✏ ‘on that day’ ~ xyd prywyd m y ‘id.’ E27/54v22.
— b-hẏ d- ‘because’ ~ prywyd p✏ ‘id.’ E27/31v9f.
— b-(...) hlyn ‘in these, by these, with these, for these’ ~ prymnt ‘id.’ E27/40v19, 69v21; E28/
5r16, 7r13; ~ prymyd ‘by these’ E28/7v5; ~ 1prywyd ‘by those’ E28/5r27*; ~ prymnt ✏ t,
prymyd ✏yct ‘by these things’ E27/69v21; E28/7v5.
— b-hn✏ lly✏ ‘in this night’ ~ tpy✏rcyq x py✏ ‘tonight, last night’ E26/24v35*.
— b-zbn ‘once’ ~ yw r✏ ‘on one occasion’ E27/60r19, v25.
— b-zbn zbn ‘from time to time’ ~ b✏d b✏d ‘id.’ E27/31v12; E28.
— b-zbn ... b-zbn ... ‘at one time ... at another time ...’ ~ b✏d ... b✏d ... ‘id.’ E27/39v1f*, 111r3f*.
— b-y w⌘ m y ✏ ‘in Jesus Christ’ ~ pr m y⇣✏ n✏m ‘(baptism) in the name of Christ’ Rom6.3
E32/1r.
— b-kl dwk ‘everywhere’ ~ wsprd wy✏q[y] ‘id.’ E27/40v16.
— b-kl-zbn ‘at all times’ ~ r✏mnt ‘always, constantly’ E28/5v25, 29.
— b-kr̈yt✏ ‘in brief’ ~ ✏brtw ‘briefly’ E27/57v14.
— b-lb✏ ‘in the heart’ ~ y✏wrcyq ‘belonging to the heart’ E28/1r9.
— b-mwn, b-mn✏ ‘by what?’ ~ c✏nw ‘how?’ E27/61v27; ~ pr cw fr n✏ ‘in what way?’ E26/27r5*.
— b-m⌧⌘t ‘amidst’ ~ myd✏ny ‘id.’ E27/31r19.
— b-m y ✏ ‘in Christ’ ~ pr m y⇣✏ n✏m ‘(baptism) in the name of Christ’ Gal3.27 E6/3r.
— b-swrhb✏ ‘in haste’ ~ yr twxycq ‘very quickly’ E27/68v9.
— b-⌘gl ‘quickly’ ~ rt ‘id.’ Lk16.6 E5/48r; E26/24r32; E27/77r14, v13; E28/1r9; ~ rt yr twx
‘fast (and) very quickly’ E23.239.
— b-✓yny ‘in the sight of’ ~ pyrnms✏r ‘before, in the presence of’ E23.133.
— b-⌘qt✏ or b-⌘⇤t✏ ‘in distress’ ~ S ↵⌦-✏x✏wkw ‘miserable, unhappy, distressed’ Ps6.1.
— b-qw t✏ ‘in (accordance with) right’ ~ S r t- ‘right, upright, true’ Ps19.10*.
— b- wlm✏ d- ‘at the conclusion of’ ~ cn ... p ys✏ ‘after’ E27/55r22f.
— d-bḣ ‘in which’ ~ qw[r ] ‘where’ E27/26r7.
— d-b- my✏ ‘in heaven’ ~ sm✏ncyq ‘heavenly’ E26/27v4*.

— kl-ywm b-ywm ‘every day, day by day’ ~ <r✏mnty> wyspy✏ m y y ‘constantly every day’ E27/
55v23.
— ⌘yn b-gl✏ ‘openly’ ~ r t ✏ngm✏ny✏ ‘id.’ Jn16.25 E5/79v.
b✏ym ‘throne’: see bym.
b ap el ‘to harm, do evil’ ~ rytry✏ [wn-] ‘to do harm’ E27/87r17; ~ S nt✏k kwn- ‘to do evil’
Ps12.1.
— See also by ✏, by wt✏, by t✏.
bdq pa el ‘to show, declare’ ~ ✏ t✏y ‘to show’ E27/57r8(?), 15; ~ *ny ✏y ‘to declare’ Jn16.25 E5/
79v.
— See also bwdq✏.
bdr p al ‘to spread, scatter’ ~ p tn ‘id.’ E28/7r19.
— etpa al ‘to be scattered’ ~ ✏ t db✏n b- ‘id.’ Jn16.32 E5/79v.
bhr e⇥tap al ‘to glory’: see bhr.
bht p al ‘to be ashamed, stand in awe’ ~ frs ‘id.’ Mt21.37 E5/38v*, Lk16.3 E5/48r; E27/111v3.
— ap el ‘to shame’ ~ f✏rqty wn- ‘to make ashamed’ 1Cor1.27 (x2) E6/12v*; E27/5v29f*.
— See also bhtt✏.
bhtt (√bht) ‘shame’ ~ f✏r ‘id.’ E27/23v29.
bwdq (√bdq) ‘indication’ ~ ✏ t✏y✏mnty ‘showing forth, indication’ E27/57r30.
bwy (√by✏) ‘consolation, comfort’ ~ xwm✏r ‘id.’ E27/31v2, 12.
bwyn (√byn) ‘understanding’ ~ 1ptz✏n ‘id.’ E27/23r30.
bwkr ‘first-born (child)’ ~ S *✏prtmẓy✏n ‘id.’ Creed 2.
bwn ‘to notice’: see byn.
bwsbs ‘laceration, tearing apart’ ≈ pwtqy prwyr ‘to tear apart’ E27/12r18.
bwsm (√bsm) ‘delight’ ~ ✏twxy✏ (MS ✏nwxy✏) ‘id.’ E28/7v12.
bwrk ‘knee’ ~ z✏nwq ‘id.’ E27/27v8, 12, 56v26.
— sym bwrk✏ ‘kneeling’ (noun) ~ [pcxyz✏m]nt ‘id.’ E27/56v26.
bwrkt (√brk) ‘blessing’ ≈ ✏frywncyq ‘blessed’ E26/31v5.
bz⌥ pa el ‘to mock, taunt’ ~ 2sxnt ‘id.’ E26/25v24, 28v33* (rest.!); ~ sxnt + *wn-/qt- ‘to make
mockery’ E26/24r30.
— etpa al ‘to mock’ ~ sxnt + *wn-/qt- ‘to make mockery’ E26/26v22*.
— See also bz ✏.
bz⌥ (√bz ) ‘mockery’ ≈ 2sxnt ‘to mock, taunt’ E23.90.
bzt ‘robbery’ ~ b ✏xwty✏ ‘suffering, pain, distress, misery’(!) Ps12.6*.
b⌥r p al ‘to test, try, examine, observe’ ~ 2xwz ‘to test, try, examine’ E27/102r19, v30; ~ S
ptẓ-✏n ‘to recognize, know’ Ps11.4*.
— p al pass. pt. (b yr) ‘approved, renowned’ ~ n✏mcyq ‘famous’ E25/1v15.
1
b✏yl, b yl✏ (√b l) ‘ceasing, idle’ ~ ✏nc✏ny ‘id.’ E27/68v16; E28/2av12, 15.
2
b yl ‘concerning’ = b l p al pass. pt.
b✏yl yt (√b l) ‘carefully, diligently’ ~ pr ✏xwd✏wny✏ ‘with diligence’ E28/5v27*.

b✏ylwt (√b l) ‘care, diligence’ ~ ✏xwd✏wny✏ ‘diligence’ E27/31r7; E28/7r6.
b✏l p al pass. pt. (2b yl) ‘to be concerning, be a (matter of) concern (to)’ ~ xwysm x- ‘id.’
Lk10.40 E5/91r.
— pa el ‘to destroy, bring to nought’ ~ w✏wry wn- ‘id.’ Ps33.10; E27/66r10, 69r12*, 94v1; E28/
8v7; ~ ptxw✏y ‘to kill, put to death’ E27/54r29.
— etp el ‘to be a (matter of) concern (to)’ ~ xwysm b- ‘id.’ Lk10.34 E5/91r.
— etpa al ‘to fail, become idle’ ~ w✏ry b- ‘to become empty’ E27/31r26.
— See also 1b yl, b yl✏yt, b ylwt✏, b ln✏, mb ln✏.
b✏ln (√b l) ‘cessation from labour, idleness’ ~ *2✏ncy ‘cessation’ E28/2ar7.
b✏n etp el ‘to be conceived’ ~ S kw ↵rp wny s✏r *prys/pr✏ t ‘to come to conception’ Creed 6; ~
✏ y ‘to be born’ Ps51.7*.
by pa el ‘to console’ ~ S r twc✏r kwn- ‘id.’ Ps23.4.
— See also bwy✏✏.
byd ‘by means of’: see 1✏yd✏.
byldr ‘messenger’ ~ st✏nyq ‘id.’ E27/77v12*.
bym, b✏ym ‘throne’ ~ xty✏q-w✏dy ‘judgement-seat’ E27/61v20; E28/8r10f*.
byn (bwn) etpa al ‘to notice, consider, understand’ ~ ◆p y ‘to perceive, understand’ E27/
54v27(?); ~ ptbyd- ‘id.’ E24c1.30; E27/83r9* (rest.!); ~ m✏r ‘to think’ E27/94r19.
— See also bwyn✏.
byny, bynt, byt ‘amidst, among, between’ ~ myd✏n(y) ‘id.’ E5; E24c1.45, c2.5; E26/29r8, 31v7,
32r16; E27; ~ 1prw ‘with’ E28/2ar15.
— bynwhy w-lhwn ‘he and they privately together’, lit. ‘between him and to them’ ~ [...] (✏s)rt
✏t qw w [ n](t s✏) ‘id.’ Mt20.17 E5/34v (calque).
— bynthwn ksy✏yt ‘amongst themselves secretly’ ~ xyp ✏wrc ‘(in) their own circle’(?)
E24c1.56f.
by (√b✏ ) (i) ‘bad, evil, wicked’ ~ nt✏q ‘id.’ Jn3.19 E5/23r*; E25/1r14; E27/54r22, 68v24;
E28/4v25; ~ b yq ‘id.’ E27/26r6(?), 66r5*; ~ mnt-xwpy ‘unpleasant, improper’ E27/94v13;
E30/6v7f; ~ nt✏qry ‘evil-doing, wicked, sinner’ Lk19.22 E5/125r; ~ qt✏nyq✏ry ‘sinful, sinner’
E28/1r8, 11; (ii) referring to the Devil as ‘the Evil One’ ~ nt✏qry mnw ‘the wicked Satan’
Mt13.19 E5/109r.
— abs. by by ‘very harshly’ ~ pr z✏ry✏(w)[y] mrc ‘with a death of torment’ Mt21.41 E5/38v.
— r y⌘✏ by ✏ ‘wicked (and) evil’ ~ nt✏qry ‘evil-doing, wicked, sinner’ E27/68r28.
by wt (√b✏ ) ‘evil, wickedness’ ~ nt✏q ‘id.’ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r, Tit3.3 E6/5r; E27/40r8; E28/
4v24(?); ~ nt✏q qty✏ ‘evil-doing’ E28/4v25.
by t (√b✏ ) ‘evil (thing), evil (deed)’ ~ nt✏q ‘evil, wickedness’ Ps34.14, 15, 50.19*; E27/40r10,
v10, 57v2; E28/4v24(?); ~ nt✏qy✏ ‘id.’ E28/14r5; ~ b yq ‘id.’ E27/104r8*; ~ S ps✏y w ‘fail-
ing’ Hymn 4.
— pl. bÿ t✏ ‘evil (things), evils’ ~ nt✏qt ✏ t/✏yct ‘evil things’ Jn5.29 E5/41r*; E28/3v26; ~ b q
p✏tfr✏s ‘evil punishment’ E28/7v4; ~ ✏yct ‘things’ E28/7r20.
1
byt ‘among’: see byny.
byt , constr. 2byt (→bytwt✏) (i) ‘house, household’ ~ 1x✏n✏ ‘house’ E5+; Ps5.8; ~ qty✏q ‘house-
hold’ E27/57v17(?); ~ S pw✏ y ‘house (of God), temple’ Ps23.6; (ii) ‘house, race (of Adam)’
~ qwtr ‘family, lineage, generation, race’ E26/26r13, 27r9; (iii) ‘place’ ~ wy✏q ‘id.’ E28/4v21;
(iv) byt ‘in’, lit. ‘(in) a place of’ ~ pr ‘in’ E27/102r25.
— byt ✏ysryl ‘land of Israel’ ~ ysr✏ylyqt ‘Israelites’ Mt10.23 E5/75v.
— byt ✏syr̈✏ (i) ‘prison’ ~ bntqty ‘id.’ Mt25.43 E5/126v*; E27; (ii) ‘(in) prison’ (without prep.,
see SyrDict, 43b) ~ [bntq]t c ntr ‘in prison’ Mt25.43, 44 E5/126v*.
— byt dyn̈✏ ‘tribunal’ ~ d✏tbr ‘judge’ Mt10.17 E5/75r.
— byt ywlpn✏ ‘school’ ~ mw qty ‘magian house’ ~ E27/1r25*, v17.
— byt mÿt✏ ‘house/place of the dead’ ~ mwrty-d✏m ‘realm of the dead’ Lk24.46 E5/83v; Rom6.4
E32/1r, Rom6.9 E32/1v*; ~ frwrtqty ‘tomb’ E27/57r10.
— byt m twt✏ ‘wedding’ ~ b ✏ny pqty ‘wedding, marriage (feast)’ Lk12.36 E5/130r.
— byt nw ✏ ‘place of rest’ ~ ✏nc✏nw✏dy ‘resting-place’ E26/24r10.
— byt ⌘bdwt✏ ‘house of bondage’(?) ~ bntqty ‘id.’ E27/94v9*.
— byt ptkr̈✏ ‘house of idols’ ~ ptqryst✏ny ‘idol-house’ E28/10v20*.
— byt qbwr✏ ‘burial place’ ~ frwrtqty ‘tomb’ Lk24.22, 24 E5/72r.
— byt bt✏ ‘refectory’, lit. ‘house of the Sabbath’ ~ xwrtqrc ‘kitchen’ E26/28v19.
— byt ẅk✏ ‘place of darkness’ ~ t✏rqwny ‘darkness’ E27/126r30.
— br byt✏ ‘household member’ ~ x✏nyc q ‘id.’ Mt10.25 E5/75v*.
— d-byt ‘accompanying’, lit. ‘of the house of’ ~ nbntcyq ‘id.’ E26/31r13.
— l-byt ‘at the house of’ ~ nbnt ‘with, at, beside, by’ E27/1r23*.
— rb byt ✏syr̈✏ ‘prison governor’ ~ [xw]( )tr bntypy ‘chief jailer’ E27/22r11.
— rbyt✏ (= rb byt✏) ‘steward’: see separate entry 2rbyt✏.
bytwt (→byt✏): rbt bytwt✏ ‘stewardship’ ~ spnc rspny✏ ‘id.’ Lk16.3, 4 E5/48r.
bky p al ‘to weep, cry’ ~ r✏y ‘id.’ Jn16.20 E5/79r; E27.
— See also bky✏.
bky (√bky) ‘weeping’ ~ x ywn ‘id.’ E27/31v3, 6.
blbl quad. ‘to confuse’ ~ S ✏✏wy⌦ ‘to agitate, confuse’ Hymn 6*.
bl⌥wd (± personal suffix) ‘only, alone’ ~ xwdq✏r ‘id.’ E5+; Ps51.6; ~ 1yw✏r ‘but, yet, neverthe-
less, except’ E26/24v31.
— lw bl wd ‘not only’ ~ n̈✏ s✏t xwdq✏r ‘id.’ E25/1r19.
bly p al ‘to waste away’ ~ p⇧t!qy b- ‘to disintegrate’ E27/69v18(?).
bl p al pass. pt. (bly⌘) ‘struck, afflicted’ ~ py ty ‘id.’ E28/12r24*.
— etp el ‘to be swallowed, be eclipsed’ ~ nyms- ‘to be held, be taken; to be eclipsed’ E26/
6A3*(?), 4*(?).
bl d ‘without’ ~ pw cn ‘id.’ E27/55v18.
— bl⌘d mn ‘id.’ ~ pw cn ‘id.’ Mt10.29 E5/76r*.
bnwg ‘the Lady’, title of the Persian goddess Anahid ~ xwtyn ‘lady, mistress’ E27/12v11.
bny p al ‘to build’ ~ dys ‘id.’ Mt21.33 E5/38r.
— etp el ‘to be built’ ~ d ty qt- ‘id.’ E26/30v30; E36/3v13.

— See also bny✏, bnyn✏.
bn̈y, bn̈y✏ ‘sons’, bnÿn ✏ ‘men’: see br✏, brn ✏.
bny (√bny) ‘builder’ ~ dysny ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v.
bnyn (√bny) ‘building, edifice’ ~ d tyc ‘id.’ E28/9r4.
bsy ap el ‘to (cause to) disregard’ ~ xwy✏r prwyrt ‘to render insignificant, devalue’ E28/12r29*.
bsym (√bsm) ‘sweet, mild, kind, pleasant’ ~ trn ‘mild’ E23.185; ~ xwc- ‘sweet, pleasant’ E27/
27v2*; ~ z✏rcnwq ‘merciful’ E28/2av18*.
bsym yt (√bsm) ‘sweetly, pleasantly’ ~ (±pr tny✏ yty) pr nmry✏q ‘(with gentleness and) with
sweetness’ E27/12r13*, 65v28*.
bsymwt (√bsm) ‘pleasantness, kindness’ ~ xwcm✏nqy✏ ‘id.’ Rom11.22 (x2) E6/6v*, Tit3.2*, 4
E6/5r.
bsm etpa al ‘to rejoice’ ~ ✏twx *b-/qt- ‘to be happy’ E23.118(?); E26/30r14[m]; E28/2ar10,
3v27.
— See also bwsm✏, bsym✏, bsym✏yt, bsymwt✏, bsm✏.
bsm (√bsm) ‘incense’ ~ bwd ‘smell, odour, incense’ E27/57r7.
bsr pa el ‘to despise’ ~ xwy✏ry✏ wn- ‘to belittle’ E27/68v17.
— *etpa al ‘to be despised’ ~ pty b- ‘id.’ E30/5r17 (read *ttbsr for tbsr?).
— See also mbsrnwt✏.
bsr ‘flesh, meat’ ~ y✏ty ‘id.’ Lk24.39 E5/83r; E27/94v3, 105r8*; ~ tmp✏r ‘body, flesh’ E27/
48r16; E28/3r5; ≈ tmp✏rmync ‘of the flesh’ Rom11.14 E6/5v*.
b b quad.refl. ‘to swell, bubble’ + r ⌘ quad.refl. ‘to surge’ ~ dm- ‘to swell’ E28/7r21*.
b wt (√b⌘y) ‘request, entreaty, prayer’ ~ n ✏d✏ ‘id.’ Ps13.1*; E18v3; E26/32r8; E27/27v27*,
68r3; ~ pcqw✏n ‘id.’ E27/27r3.
b ✏ p al ‘to kick’ ~ pdnw brx - ‘to let out a kick’(?) E27/94v14.
b y p al ‘to seek, desire, request, beg, beseech’ ~ 2prwyd ‘to seek’ Ps34.15; E23.88; E24c1.59;
E26/31v32; E27/111v2; E29/8v8; ~ 1q✏m ‘to want, wish, desire’ Jn5.30 E5/41r; E26/25r3,
31r6; E27; E28; ~ 2xw ‘to ask (for), request, beg’ Jn16.26 E5/79v; Ps24.6*; E26/32r4; E27/
68r4; E28/10v28*; ~ xwz xw ‘to ask a request’ E24c3.5, 6; ~ n ✏d✏ [w ] ‘to beg a favour’
E28/10v28; ~ n ✏d✏ br- ‘to make entreaty’ E26/31v27; E27/68r4, 9; ~ pcqwy- ‘to entreat,
pray’ E27/27v29.
— etp el (i) ‘to be sought’ ≈ 2prwyd ‘to seek’ E24c1.53; (ii) ‘to be required, be necessary’ ~
wnty x- ‘to be necessary’ Lk10.42 E5/91v; 1Cor12.21 E6/20v; ~ w✏ncyq x-/m✏t ‘id.’
E23.159; E26/25v13; ~ w- ‘id.’ E27/22r9, 94v20.
— etp el pt. (mtb⌘✏) ‘necessary’ ~ pc cyq ‘profitable, advantageous’ E27/7v27.
— See also b⌘wt✏, b⌘t✏.
b yr ‘animal, beast’ ~ nx yr ‘id.’ E27/17v1*.
b ldbb (i) ‘enemy’ ~ s✏n ‘id.’ Lk1.71 E5/6r, Lk1.74 E5/6v, Lk19.27 E5/125v*; Ps5.9, 23.5*,
32.7*; E26/25r25, v23, 29r4*; E27; E28/4r22; (ii) referring to the Devil as ‘the Enemy’ ~
nt✏qry mnw ‘the wicked Satan’ E23.260; E24c3.17f; ~ nt✏qry s✏n ‘the wicked Enemy’ E28/
4r22.
b ldbbwt ‘enmity’ ~ s✏n✏wty✏ ‘id.’ E27/57r17; E28/20v15, 18; ~ [s✏n✏](ẅ✏) ‘id.’ E26/23v10.
b t (√b⌘y) ‘search, enquiry’ ~ prwydy ‘search’ E27/11r23*; ~ pdyb✏rcy✏ ‘enquiry, trial’ E27/60r6.
b y p al ‘to investigate’ ~ 2prwyd ‘to look for, seek’ Jn5.39 E5/41v* (rest.!); E27/11r25* (rest.!);
~ 2xwz ‘to test, try, examine’ E27/40v15.
b yr (→b⌧yrwt✏) ‘inferior, mean’ ~ rystr ‘less, least’ 1Cor1.28 E6/12v; ~ rytr ‘worse’ Jn2.10 E5/
21v*.
b yrwt (→b⌧yr✏) ‘deficiency, lessening’ ~ qmpwn ‘id.’ E28/12v21.
bqy p al ‘to test, try, examine’ ~ 2xwz ‘id.’ E27/102r18.
— etpa al ‘to observe’ ~ ✏ms✏ wn- ‘to pay attention, observe, consider, take note’ E28/5v27*,
7v16*; ~ tqw ‘to look, regard, observe’ E24c2.9; ~ 2wyn ‘to see’ E28/10r12* (rest.!).
1
br ‘outside’: see lbr.
br (→brn ✏, brt✏) ‘son’, constr. 2br, pl. bn̈y✏, constr. bn̈y ~ z✏ty ‘id.’ NT+; Hymn 9; Creed 2.
— pl. bn̈y✏ ‘sons’ ~ ✏ wn ‘children, sons’ Mt10.21 E5/75v, Lk16.8 E5/48r (x2), Gal3.26 E6/3r;
E26/27r11, v5, 28r17; E27/87r10, 102v24; E28/20r13; E30/4v7.
̈
— bny ✏ysr✏yl ‘sons of Israel’ ~ ysryl rm- ‘the people Israel’ E24c1.32.
— bn̈y bn̈y✏ ‘grandsons’ ~ npy nyty ‘id.’ E30/4v8.
— br ✏tr✏ (i) ‘native’ ~ ✏wt✏qcyq ‘id.’ E27/60r4, 9*; (ii) ‘compatriot’ ~ ✏w-✏wt✏qcyq ‘id.’ E27/
87r13*; ~ ✏wn✏fc ‘id.’ E27/7r21*.
— br byt✏ ‘household member’ ~ x✏nyc q ‘id.’ Mt10.25 E5/75v*.
— br ✏r̈✏ ‘free’ ~ ✏zty ‘id.’ Gal3.28 E6/3r, 1Cor12.13 E6/20r; ~ [✏✏z]tp(w)✏q ‘speaking out freely,
free’(?) E26/28r9.
— br kyn✏ (+ d-) ‘consubstantial, sharing the nature (of)’, lit. ‘son of the nature (of)’ ~ S [✏✏wn]ẓ-
ny ‘id.’ Creed 4.
— br ⌘lm✏ ‘son of the world’ ~ fcmbdcyq ‘worldly’ E27/104r12.
— br qym✏ ‘son of the covenant’ ~ wrnqyn ‘believer’ E27/68v22.
— br ⌘th ‘at that very moment, instantly’ ~ ywny pr wy✏q ‘on the spot, immediately’ E27/66v5;
~ xyd n ✏m ‘at that time’ E26/26v17; ~ wyd✏ ty ‘at that time, then’ E27/86v3; ~ swdqy
‘hurrying’ E28/10v26.
— br tlt nÿn ‘three-year-old’, lit. ‘son of three years’ ~ [ y]-(s)rdy ‘id.’ E29/8v8f.
— brh d-✏n ✏ ‘Son of Man’ as a title of Jesus ~ mrtxm z✏t ‘id.’ E5; E27/54v27 (cf. also mrtxmy
✏✏ wn ‘id.’ E29/6r1 (–)).
— bry ‘my son’ ~ mn✏ fry z✏ty ‘my dear son’ E27/13r26.
— symt bn̈y✏ ‘status of sons, adoption’ ~ ◆ wn-w✏dqy✏ ‘id.’ Gal4.5 E6/3v.
brbry ‘barbarian’ ~ brbr✏yq ‘id.’ E27/87r1*, 13.
brwy (√bry) ‘Creator’ ~ sfrynny ‘id.’ E26/25v18, 31r24; E27/40r18.
brwywt (√bry) ‘creativity’ ~ sfrywn ‘creation, creature’ E26/29v3*.
bry p al ‘to create’ ~ sfryn ‘id.’ E26/25r21; ≈ sfryty b-/qt- ‘to be created’ E26/30r10*.
— etp el ‘to be created’ ~ sfryty b-/qt- ‘id.’ Creed 4; E27/40r21, 69v19.
— See also brwy✏, brwywt✏, bryt✏.

brywt (→lbr) ‘exterior, outward appearance’ ≈ byqp✏r-qr✏n ‘outwardly’ E27/94r6.
bryk ‘blessed’ = brk p al pass. pt.
bryr ‘sincere’ ~ yw-✏rdq ‘id.’ E27/104r12.
bryt (√bry) ‘creation, creature’ ~ sfrywn ‘id.’ Col1.15 E32/2v; Creed 2; E26; E27; ~ sfryty ‘id.’
E25/1r10; ~ fcmbd ‘world; the earth’ E26/5v7, 29v4.
— pl. br̈yt✏ ‘creatures, creations’ ~ qty✏wy ‘creation’ E27/5r29; ≈ S s↵ryn ‘to create’ Ps19.1*.
brk p al pass. pt. (bryk) ‘blessed’ ~ ✏fryty ‘id.’ Mt25.34 E5/126r*; ~ pr ✏frywn ‘id.’, lit. ‘in bless-
ing’ E27/65r24*.
— pa el ‘to bless’ ~ ✏frywn ptwyd ‘to offer blessing’ Lk1.64 E5/6r; E27/27v10f*, 55v24; ~
✏frywn (q)wn-/qt- ‘to perform a blessing’ Lk24.30 E5/72v; E26/31v1; ~ S ✏✏↵rywn ↵r- ‘to
bestow blessing (upon)’ Ps5.13.
— pa el pass. pt. (mbrk) ‘blessed’ ~ pr ✏frywn ‘id.’, lit. ‘in blessing’ Lk1.68 E5/6r.
— etpa al ‘to be blessed’ ~ ✏frywn pcx - ‘to receive a blessing’ E26/28v11; ~ [✏f](r)ywn pty✏p ✏✏s
‘to partake of a blessing’ E26/28v16; ≈ pr ✏frywn ‘blessed’, lit. ‘in blessing’ E26/24r25*.
— See also bwrkt✏.
brm ‘but, yet, nevertheless, except’ ~ 1yw✏r ‘id.’ Lk19.27 E5/125v; E27/23v4; E28/3v18.
brn (→br✏, ✏n ✏) ‘man’, lit. ‘son of man’, pl. bnÿn ✏ ~ mrtxmy ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 5*, 5; ~ swgb✏r
‘monk’ E28/1r3.
— pl. bnÿn ✏ ‘men’, lit. ‘sons of men’ ~ mrtxmyty qwtr ‘race of men’ E26/23v21; ~ [z✏ycy](q)t
d✏m ‘earthly creatures’ E26/24r13(?); ≈ mrtxmync ‘human’ E26/24r14.
— q wl✏ d-bnÿn ✏ ‘killer of men, murderer’ ~ [mrtx]m(y)-p(t)[xwyny] ‘id.’ E27/3r15.
brq p al ‘to flash, lighten’ ~ fr yp ‘id.’ E27/54v25.
— ap el pass. pt. (mbrq) ‘to flash, shine’ ~ rwx t ‘id.’ E23.31.
— See also brq✏.
brq (√brq) ‘lightning’ ~ wydymp✏ ‘id.’ E27/54v25.
br yt (→ry ✏) ‘beginning’: mn br yt ‘from the beginning’ ~ cn ✏✏ ✏zy ‘id.’ E26/26r12; ~ [cn
✏]( )✏z m(r)t(s)[✏](r)[ ‘since the beginning’ E26/27r29.
brt (→br✏) ‘daughter’ ~ d[w t✏] ‘id.’ E27/26r8.
b l pa el ‘to cook, boil’ ~ pc- ‘to cook’ E27/105r8.
btwl (→btwlwt✏, btwlt✏) ‘(male) celibate’ ~ pwry ‘id.’ E26/27r17.
btwlwt (→btwl✏, btwlt✏) ‘virginity’ ~ pwrycy✏ ‘id.’ E27/66r19*.
btwlt (→btwl✏, btwlwt✏) ‘maiden, virgin’ ~ pwr c ‘id.’ Creed 6; E27/12v4; ≈ pwryc-mync ‘vir-
ginal’ E26/27r16.
btr (→btrkn) ‘after’ (prep.) ~ cn ... p ys✏ ‘id.’ E27; ~ p ys✏ ‘id.’ E5+.
— btr d- ‘after’: see (±mn) btr d- below.
— btr qlyl ‘after a little (while)’ ~ qbnw yrtr ‘a little later’ E28/7r14.
— btrh ‘after it’ ~ S p y-s✏r ‘after, thereafter’ Ps34.15.
— d-btrh ‘following it’ ~ dbtyq ‘next’ Jn1.29 E5/19v(?).
— l-btrh d-ywm✏ ‘on the next day’ ~ yd(bt)[yq my y] ‘id.’ E27/26r2.
— mn btr ‘after’ (prep.) ~ cn ... p ys✏ ‘id.’ E27/55r25f.

— (±mn) btr d- ‘after’ (conj.) ~ (±cn) cywy py trw qt/c✏nw ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; Ps29.0; E27/
22r2*.
— mn btr ... tlt✏ yẅmyn ‘after three days’ ~ tyq my y ‘on the third day’ E27/91r6f*.
btrkn (→btr) ‘afterwards’ ~ py trw ‘id.’ E27/12r9.
— mn btrkn ‘afterwards’ ~ cywyd py trw ‘id.’ E27/60r8, 94r5f*.
g ẅt ‘delicacies, luxuries’ ~ 3xwrt ‘food’ E23.123.
g r ‘arrow’ ~ p✏ ‘id.’ E27/31r20.
1
gb , constr. gnb ‘side, flank, bank (of a river)’ ~ qw y- ‘side, flank’ Jn21.6 E5/80v*; ~ qyr✏n
̈
‘side, direction’ E27/7r22*, 23r20, 39r2*; ~ wy✏q ‘place’ E25/1r16; E27/55v16, 17; ~ zmb✏
‘bank, shore (of a river or lake)’ E24c1.20.
— gb✏ d-ymyn✏ ‘right side’ ~ xw✏rnt qw y- ‘id.’ Jn21.6 E5/80v.
— gb✏ d-mdn ✏ ‘eastern direction’ ~ xwrsnqyr✏n ‘id.’ E26/5v16; ~ xwrsn ‘sunrise, east’ E26/
5v13.
— gb✏ d-m⌘rb✏ ‘western direction’ ~ xwrtxyzqyr✏n ‘id.’ E26/5v26*.
— l-kl gbÿn ‘to all sides’ ~ (q)[w]s qws[ ‘id.’ E27/25r20f.
2
gb✏, gby✏ ‘chosen’ = gby p al pass. pt.
gbwl (→gbylt✏) ‘fashioner’ ~ dysny ‘builder, fashioner’ E26/26r20.
gby p al ‘to choose, select, elect’ ~ wycn- ‘id.’ Lk6.13, 10.42 E5/91v, Jn15.19 E5/73v*;
E24c1.43.
— p al pass. pt. (gb✏, gby✏) ‘chosen, elect; pure’ ~ wycty ‘id.’ Ps24.4, 32.6*; E26/31v29.
— pa el ‘to select, weed out’ ~ wycn- ‘to choose, select’ E27/54r25.
— etp el ‘to be chosen’ ~ wycty b- ‘id.’ E27/55v29.
gbylt (→gbwl✏) ‘fashioning, formation’ ~ pwx✏[y✏]m(n)t ‘id.’ E27/40r22.
gbr (→gnbr✏, gnbr✏yt) ‘man, husband’ ~ mrty ‘man’ NT+; Ps5.7*; ~ mrtxmy ‘man’ E28/23r9; ~
br✏t ‘brother’ E27/12r28; ~ wyr- ‘husband’ E27/87r5.
— gbr✏ d-✏lh✏ ‘man of God’ ~ yrqty ‘righteous, saint’ E23.107.
— gbr✏ zdyq✏ ‘righteous man’ ~ zprt yrng✏ry ‘holy saint’ E26/28v10.
ggrt ‘throat’ ~ S r ✏ ‘id.’ Ps5.10*.
gd ‘fortune, glory, majesty’ ~ fn ‘id.’ E27/23r25.
gdwl ‘plait, tress, lock of hair’ ~ mr wr ‘id.’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r.
gdy ‘kid’ ~ bz- ‘goat’ Mt25.32 E5/125v, Mt25.33 E5/126r.
gd p al ‘to happen, befall, occur’ ~ ptyt- ‘id.’ E27/60r4, v1; ~ 2ptyfs ‘id.’ E28/3r22.
ghn ‘Gehenna’ ~ tm- ‘hell’ Mt10.28 E5/76r; E28; ~ [ghn]✏ tm- ‘the hell [Gehenn]a’ E26/25r27.
— ghn✏ d-nwr✏ ‘Gehenna of fire’ ~ ✏trny rwt ‘fiery river’ E23.266.
gw , constr. gw (i) ‘people, community’: klh gw✏ ‘all people’ ~ m wn fcmbd ‘the whole world’
E27/31r1; see also Sogd. s.v. gw✏; (ii) ‘interior’:
— b-gw ‘inside, within’ ~ cyntr ‘in, inside’ Lk24.32 E5/72v; ~ myd✏n(y) ‘amidst, among, bet-
ween’ Ps5.10; E26/31v1; E27/22v15; ~ pr ‘in’ E27/31r9, v19, 40r22.
— mn gwḣ d- ‘from within’ ~ pr ‘in’ E27/69r13.
gwd ‘host, company, group’ ~ ✏nt✏c ‘id.’ E26/23v24; E28/8r12*.

gwzl quad.refl. ‘to be incensed’ ~ ✏br✏z ‘to become angry’ E27/69r17.
gw⌥ p al ‘to gush out, surge forward’ ~ ✏xwb ‘id.’ E27/12v9.
gw⌥k ‘laughter’ ~ xncq ‘id.’ E30/6v17*.
gwmr̈✏ ‘coals’: see gmwrt✏.
gwn ‘colour’ ~ ( )[wnc] ‘id.’ E27/83v3.
gwn yt ‘commonly’ ≈ s tm✏nc✏n ‘for everyone’ E28/14v11.
gwn⌥ ‘terrible deed, calamity’ ~ [wy p w](n )[ ](✏) (c)[ ‘terrible thing’ E27/5v28*.
gws etpa al ‘to take refuge’ ~ [qwrc]-w✏dw pcx - ‘id.’ E27/39v10f.
gwp p al ‘to draw, attract’ ~ ✏ny ‘to lead, fetch, bring, offer’ E26/31r22.
gwr p al ‘to commit adultery’ ~ tsy✏q wn- ‘id.’ E29/1r3; ~ xwrwn wn- ‘to commit fornication’
Mt5.32 E5/28r* (x2).
— See also gyrwt✏.
gwrg (√grg) ‘encouragement, incitement’ ~ ✏xwsyd✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/31v2; E28/5r12* (rest.!); ≈
✏xwsyd ‘to encourage, incite’ E27/25v2*.
gw m (√g m) ‘body’ ~ tmp✏r ‘id.’ E27/17v3; ~ ryw ‘id.’ E27/57r24; E28/7r18(?).
gzm p al ‘to threaten’ ~ zwydm✏ wn- ‘to make threats’ E27/4v3*.
gzr (i) ‘flock’ ~ S ✏rmy ‘id.’ Hymn 7; (ii) ‘decree’:
— gzr dyn✏ ‘judgement, sentence’ ~ frm✏n ‘order’ E27/68v5.
gzrt ‘island’ ~ w w ‘id.’ E26/24r19.
gyd ‘sinew’ ~ y✏[ ‘id.’ E23.348.
gys ‘robber’ ~ r✏ p✏n ‘id.’ Lk10.36 E5/91r*.
gyr ‘for’ ~ 1p✏t ‘id.’ Mt2.2 E3v (MS pt!); E5; E27; E28; ~ cywy pyd✏r m✏t ‘because’ E26/30v1*;
~ nwqr ‘now, next, then’ E27/48r13(?); ~ rty ‘and, then’ E27/13r17, 20, v24, 29; ~ c✏nw
‘when’ E27/87r3.
gyrwt (√gwr) ‘adultery’: gyrwt✏ + pl p al ‘to commit adultery’ ~ tsy✏q wn- ‘id.’ E28/1v8.
gl✏, gly✏ ‘evident’ = gly p al pass. pt.
glwt (√gly) ‘captivity, exile’ ~ wn(y)[qy✏] ‘id.’ Mt1.11 E1/1v.
glz p al ‘to deprive’ ~ 1pr y ‘id.’ E27/60r22; ≈ prx ty ‘deprived’ E26/23v27.
— p al pass. pt. (glyz) ‘deprived’ ~ pr ty ‘id.’ E27/61r29*; ~ dwr ‘far’ E27/31r10.
gly p al ‘to reveal’ ~ wyn✏ncyq wn-/qt- ‘to make visible’ E27/23r10; E28/7v10; ~ wyn✏wcyq
wn-/qt- ‘id.’ E26/31r4; E28/9r26f*, 12r25.
— p al pass. pt. (gl✏, gly✏) ‘evident’ ~ wyn✏wcyq ‘visible, revealed’ E24c1.89.
— etp el ‘to be revealed’ ~ wyn✏ncyq b-/*qt- ‘to become visible’ E27/39v8; ~ wyn✏wcyq b-/qt-
‘id.’ Tit3.4 E6/5r*; E26/23v1*, 28v3; E28/12v8.
— etp el + l- ‘to be revealed to’ ≈ 2wyn ‘to see’ E26/29r10.
— See also glwt✏, gly✏, gly✏yt, glyn✏.
gly (√gly) ‘vision, revelation, manifestation’ ~ wyn✏ncyqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/39v7.
gly yt (√gly) ‘openly’ ~ S wyn✏ncyk ‘id.’ Ps12.6; ~ wyn✏wcyq ‘id.’ E24c1.41; ~ pr wyn✏wcyqy✏
‘id.’ Jn16.29 E5/79v.
glyz ‘deprived’ = glz p al pass. pt.
glyly ‘Galilean’ ~ glyl✏yq ‘id.’ E23.86; ~ trs✏q ‘Christian’ E23.174.
glylt (→gll✏) ‘a round, circumambulation’ ≈ c✏f c✏f wrs ‘around’ E28/65v7*.
glyn (√gly) ‘vision, revelation, manifestation’ ~ wyn✏ncyqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/48r15, 18*, 104r2; E28/
12r1; ~ wyn✏ncy✏ ‘id.’ E27/77r3*; ~ wyn✏ncyq ‘(what is) revealed’ E28/12v10.
gll (→glylt✏) ‘wave’ ~ qwf ‘id.’ E28/7r23.
gmwrt (√gmr) ‘ember, coal’, pl. gwmr̈✏ ~ sq✏r ‘id.’ E27/102v19.
gmyrwt (√gmr) ‘completeness, perfection’ ~ spty✏q ‘id.’ E28/8v3.
1
gmr p al ‘to come to an end, be finished’ ~ ✏yms ‘id.’ Lk16.9 E5/48r; E27/22v14*, 94v21.
— p al pass. pt. (gmyr) ‘complete, perfect’ ~ spty ‘id.’ E27/102r17*.
— pa el ‘to finish off, put an end to, destroy’ ~ 2✏y✏m ‘to finish off’ + ny q✏w ‘to cast out’ E27/
23r27; ~ frqrnt ‘to destroy’ + 2✏y✏m ‘to finish off’ E27/87r13.
— etp el ‘to be completed, be fulfilled’ ~ spty *b-/qt- ‘to become complete’ E28/7v9*.
— See also gmwrt✏, gmyrwt✏, lgmr.
2
gmr ‘completion’: see lgmr.
1
gnb ‘side’: see gb✏.
2
gnb p al ‘to steal’ ~ t✏ywny ... qwn- ‘to commit theft’ E29/1r4*.
— See also gnb✏.
gnb (√gnb) ‘thief’ ~ 1t ‘id.’ E27/51r31(?).
gnbr (→gbr✏, gnbr✏yt) ‘hero, champion’ ~ qw- ‘id.’ Ps19.6, 24.8 (x2); E27/13v19.
gnbr yt (→gbr✏, gnbr✏) ‘valiantly’ ~ pr qwy✏q ‘with valour’ E27/66v16, 68v6.
gny p al ‘to recline’ ~ ✏wz ‘to come together, assemble’(!) E26/31v7.
gnn ap el ‘to rest (upon)’ ~ x- ‘to be’ E27/87r3.
gns ‘family, race’ ~ qwtr ‘id.’ E23.86; E28/4r25; ~ n✏f ‘people, nation, folk’ E23.183; ~ nyzn-
‘nature’ E28/7v2*; ~ txmt✏ ‘relatives’ E27/60r9.
gnt ‘garden’, pl. gnn̈✏ ~ prdyz ‘garden, orchard’ E27/87r.
gs ‘side, flank, haunch’ ~ wn-sry ‘haunch’ E27/27v17.
g l ap el ‘to commit, entrust’ ~ prdstw wn-/qt- ‘to hand over, entrust, commit’ E26/28r30*(?);
E27/56r30, 69r10; ~ ptwyd ‘to deliver up, commit’ E25/1v15(?); E26/28r29*(?), 29v5.
gp ‘wing’ ~ w✏z ‘id.’ E27/39r2, 4.
grb ‘leper’ ~ psyng ‘id.’ E23.220.
grbyy ‘north’: l-grbyy✏ ‘to the north’ ~ nym y -w✏dy qyr✏n ‘in the southern direction’(!) E27/
23r17.
grg pa el ‘to encourage, incite’ ~ ✏xwsyd ‘id.’ E27/69v18.
— See also gwrg✏.
gry pa el ‘to encourage, incite’ ~ ✏xwsyd ‘id.’ E27/104v7*.
grm ‘bone’ ~ stq- ‘id.’ Lk24.39 E5/83r*; Ps6.3; E27/69r26.
grr p al ‘to drag’ ~ x ‘id.’ E27/60r24.
g m pa el: l✏ + g m pa el pass. pt. (l✏ mg m✏) ‘incorporeal’ ~ *n✏-tmp✏rmync ‘id.’ E28/5v20.

— etpa al ‘to become incarnate’ ~ S tmp✏r *ptmync/ptmw t- ‘to put on a body’ Creed 5.
— See also gw m✏.
g p al ‘to touch’ ~ mrws ‘id.’ Lk24.39 E5/83r*.
1
d- ‘who, which, (for) which, (that) which’ etc. ~ 1qy ‘who, which’ Col1.15 E32/2v*; Ps; Hymn
7; Creed; E23.217, 246, 250; E24; E25/1v9, 21; E26; E27; E28; ~ 1qyt ‘id.’ E27; E28; ~ 3qt
‘id.’ Jn16.5 E2/1v*; E3; Lk1.1 E4 (2nd qt), Lk1.2 E4 (x2); E5; E6; E28/7v9, 9v19; ~ cw
‘which’ Col1.9 E32/2r*; Ps24.7, 51.1-2*; E23.110; E24; E26/24v1, 27r24, 31r30; E29/4v6; ~
2
qwc✏ ‘whither? for which’ E23.159; ~ ✏yc qt ‘the thing which’ Lk16.12 E5/48v; ~ 1✏t ‘and’
E27/94r24(?); ≈ c✏nw ‘when, as (etc.)’ E26/24v31; E27/69v29.
— d-l✏ ‘without’: see separate entry.
— Syr. 1d- + adverbial phrase is often translated by an adjective:
— d-b-✏lh✏ ‘in God’ ~ b ✏nyq ‘divine, of God’ E28/14r25.
— d-b- my✏ ‘in heaven’ ~ sm✏ncyq heavenly’ E26/27v4*.
— d-btr-h ‘following it’ ~ dbtyq ‘next’ Jn1.29 E5/19v(?).
— d-l-⌘lm ‘everlasting, eternal’, lit. ‘which (is) for ever’ ~ ✏yqwncyq ‘everlasting, eternal’ E5;
Tit3.7 E6/5v*; E27/68v3*.
— d-mn ḧ✏ ‘from sins’ ~ qt✏nymync ‘sinful’ E26/24v13.
2
d- ‘that, so that, in that, for, because’, often introducing direct or indirect speech ~ 2qt ‘id.’ NT+;
Ps; Hymn 5, 6, 8; ~ 1m✏t ‘id.’ E32; Ps; E23; E24c3.11, 20; E26; E27; E28/3v20, 9v8; E29/
8r7*; E30/6v4; ~ 2qy ‘id.’ E26/28r7; E27/40r4, 57r1, 94r13; E28/4r23, 24, 25; ~ 2qyt ‘id.’
E28/5v21, 7r1, v18; ~ 1yty ‘id.’ E26/27r4; E27; ~ ZY ‘id.’ E26/29v4, 31v25; ~ prywyd qt ‘in
that’ E27/68v26; ~ prywyd yty ‘id.’ E27/14v11; ~ w✏nqt ‘so that, that’ E23.90; E26/27v9*;
E27; E28/1v5, 7r9, 9v7; ~ 2qy ‘(would) that ...!’ E28/8r17*; ~ 1p✏t ‘for, because’ Ps24.7*;
E18v3; E27/61r18; E28/27v24; ~ cywy pyd✏r m✏t ‘because’ E26/24r21; ~ c✏nw ‘as’ E26/
32v34; E27/6v12, 77r10, 91r9; E28/7r14, 16; ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’ E28/4r30; ~ cw ‘how’ E27/
12v30.
— ✏yk d- (i) ‘as’ (conj.) ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 8*; ~ mydc✏nw ‘id.’ E27; E28/8v12; ~
w✏nc✏nw qt ‘id.’ E5 (calque); ~ w✏nc✏nw qy ‘id.’ E26/27r23 (calque); ~ 1myd ‘so, thus’ E27/
22r16; (ii) ‘so that’ ~ w✏nqt ‘id.’ E27; E28.
— ✏yk d-l- ‘in order for ...’ ~ cymyd ... pyd✏r ‘for the sake of this ...’ E28/27r25.
— ✏yk ḣw d- ‘as’ ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’ E27/111r8*; E28/8r10.
— ✏yk✏ d- ‘where’ ~ wdy qw ‘there where’ E27/31r20, 48r19; ~ wdy wy✏q qw ‘in that place
where’ E23.169f; E24c1.55.
— ✏ykn✏ d- (i) ‘as’ (conj.) ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’ NT+; ~ w✏nc✏nw qt ‘id.’ E5 (calque); (ii) ‘so that’ ~
w✏nqt ‘id.’ E27; E28; ~ 1m✏t ‘id.’ E27/11r17*.
— ✏mty d- ‘when’ ~ c✏nw ‘id.’ E27/40r21, v13; ~ wyd✏ ty qt ‘at that time when’ Mt10.19 E5/
75r*, Jn5.28 E5/41r*, Jn16.25 E5/79r.
— b-d- ‘in that, in so far as’ ~ prywyd yty ‘id.’ E27/19v1; ~ prywy qt ‘id.’ E28/3r12; ~ p✏ ‘for,
because’ E27/31v21; ~ c✏nw ‘since’ E27/31v14 (2nd c✏nw).
— btr d- ‘after’: see (±mn) btr d- below.
— d-✏n ‘that if, whether’ ~ 1qt ‘if, whether’ Jn9.22 E5/100v; E27/22v4, 39v5, 68r9, 94r19; ~ cwt
(particle introducing a question) E27/39v6, 9.
— d-l-m✏ ‘perhaps, lest’ etc.: see separate entry dlm✏.
— kl kr d- ‘wherever’ ~ qw s✏r qy ‘id.’ E28/9v29*(?).
— km✏ d- ‘in as much as’ ~ c✏f qt ‘id.’ Mt25.40 E5/126v, Mt25.45 E5/127r*; ~ c✏fyd ‘id.’ E27/
61v30.
— km✏ zbn✏ d- ‘so long as’ ~ c✏f mnw qw prm ‘id.’ Gal4.1 E6/3r.
— l-kr d- ‘to where’ ~ qywyd wy✏q s✏ qwr yty ‘to that place where’ E27/12v1.
— m✏ (...) d- ‘when’ ~ c✏nw ‘id.’ E27; E28/7v8, 8v28; ~ c✏nw qt ‘id.’ E5.
— m l d- ‘because’ ~ cywy pyd✏r qt/m✏t ‘id.’ NT; Ps; E23.99, 164; E24c3.11, 20; E26; E28/9v8;
~ cyw(y )y [py]d✏r p✏ ‘id.’ E30/6r9f; ~ cymydy pyd✏r w✏nqt ‘id.’ E28/1v5; ~ prywy p✏(t) ‘id.’
E27; E28/8v13*, 109v29; E30/6v3, 17; ~ prywyd qt/qyt ‘id.’ E27; E28/7v18; ~ prywyd yty
‘id.’ E27/7r25*, 17r3*; ~ 1p✏t ‘for, because’ Ps6.3; E25/1r10*(?); E27; ~ w✏nqt ‘so that’(!)
E27/69v20f.
— (±mn) btr d- ‘after’ (conj.) ~ (±cn) cywy py trw qt/c✏nw ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; Ps29.0;
E27/22r2*.
— mn d- ‘after, since’ ~ c✏nw ‘when, since’ E28/4r18, 9v16; ~ cywy ms✏ qt ‘id.’ Lk24.21 E5/
72r; ~ p [n]m m✏t ‘before’(!) E27/12v4.
— ⌘dm✏ d- ‘until, while’ ~ qw prm + neg. ‘until’, lit. ‘so long as ... not’ E27/25v16*, 65r28f*,
94v18; E28/7v27; E30/6r17ff*; ~ mnt ‘while, until’ E23.92, 158; ~ wytwr (...) qt ‘id.’
Mt10.23 E5/75v*; E25/1v17*; E27.
— ⌘l d- ‘in that, in so far as, because’ ~ 1prywyd qt/qyt ‘id.’ E26/31r27; E27/104v4.
— ⌘mh d- ‘as soon as’ ~ ywny c✏nw ‘immediately when’ E27/31v20.
— qdm d- ‘before’ (conj.) ~ [pyn]m(s)✏ mnt ‘id.’ E27/94r19; ~ pyrnmstr m✏t ‘id.’ E29/8r7.
3
d- ‘of’ ~ xyp ‘id.’ Lk1.1 title E4; Jn9.28 E5/101r; Gal3.29 E6/3r; Ps; E23.241, 285; E24; E26/
24v12, 31v27, 32v1; E27/94r28; E28/3v15, 4v23; ~ pr ‘over, for’ E26/24r24*; E27/40r7,
55r14 (cf. also d-hlyn ‘of these’ ~ prymnt ‘concerning these’ E28/14r8); ~ cn ‘from, out of’
Col1.15 E32/2v; E27/68v12; ~ [dn] ... pr✏w ‘with’ Col1.12 E32/2v; ~ 2qw ‘in’ E27/68v14; ~
2
qw ... s✏r ‘to’ E24c3.18; ~ 2/3qt ‘that; which’(!) Mt10.15, 18 E5/75r (calque?—see Sogd. s.v.
2
qt).
— Apart from xyp , all of the translations of 3d- listed above are more or less exceptional. In
general, Syr. constructions with d- ‘of’ (or indeed with the constr. state in the same sense) are
represented in Sogdian by placing the possessor (sometimes with a gen. or obl. ending) before
the head noun. Examples are too numerous to be worth listing. In a few cases, it is demon-
strable or at least arguable that the two nouns form a compound:
— ywm✏ d-dyn✏ ‘day of judgement’ ~ pdq✏ my ‘id.’ Mt10.15 E5/75r.
— ywm✏ d- wnq✏ ‘day of torment’ ~ pdq✏ my ‘day of judgement’ E23.275.
— ⌘pr✏ d-mwt✏ ‘dust of death’ ~ S mrcxw(r)[m] ‘id.’ Ps22.16.
— pl ✏ d-zdyqwt✏ ‘doer of righteousness’ ~ yr✏qty✏-qry ‘id.’ E26/28r15.
— p⌘r̈yḣ d-✏r⌘✏ ‘chasms in the earth’ ~ z✏y-qntyt ‘id.’ E26/24r20.
— q wl✏ d-bnÿn ✏ ‘killer of men’ ~ [mrtx]m(y)-p(t)[xwyny] ‘id.’ E27/3r15.
— qys✏ d-zqyp✏/d-⌧lyb✏ ‘wood of the cross’ ~ pt ng-d✏rwq ‘id.’ E24c1.15, 79f.
— Often d- + noun phrase is translated by a Sogd. adjective:
— d-✏lh✏ ‘of God’ ~ b ✏nyq ‘divine, of God’ NT+; Ps19 (cf. also d-⌧bynh d-✏lh✏ below).
— d-✏yqr̈✏ ‘of honours’ ~ S pt↵yw-cyk ‘honoured’ Ps24.7*, 8, 9*, 10*.
— d-byt ‘accompanying’, lit. ‘of the house of’ ~ nbntcyq ‘accompanying’ E26/31r13.
— d-dbr✏ ‘of the field, wild’ ~ dx tyq ‘belonging to the desert’ E27/83v2.
— d-hn✏ ⌘lm✏ ‘of this world’ ~ fcmbdcyq ‘worldly’ E26/24r20*.
— d-zbn✏ hn✏ ‘of the present time’ ~ rf- mnw-cyq ‘long-lasting, protracted’(!) E26/31v29f.
— d-zdyqwt✏ ‘of righteousness’ ~ ✏rt✏wy✏mync ‘(consisting) of righteousness’ Tit3.5 E6/5r*.
— d- yt✏, d- ḧ✏ ‘of sin, of sins’ ~ qt✏nyq✏ry ‘sinful’ E23.287; ~ qt✏nymync ‘id.’ Rom6.6 E32/
1v*; E26/24r36, 27r10, v27*, 28r8, 12f*.
— d- ÿ✏ ‘of life’ ~ ✏ ✏wny ‘vivifying, life-giving’ E27/12v18; ~ nw y- w✏nmync ‘of eternal
life’ E26/25r24.
— d- n̈p✏ ‘of the heathen’ ~ rmq✏n-mync ‘heathen’ E26/30v18.
— d- wk✏ ‘of darkness’ ~ t✏rymync ‘dark, of darkness’ Col1.13 E32/2v.
̈
— d-yhwdy✏ ‘of the Jews’ ~ cxwd✏ny ‘Jewish’ Jn9.39 intro.
— d-ywnÿ✏ ‘of the Greeks’ ~ [yw](n✏)yq ‘Greek’ E27/1r9.
— d-ymyn✏ ‘right’, lit. ‘of the right hand’ ~ xw✏rnt ‘right’ Jn21.6 E5/80v.
— d-kr̈(y)s yn✏ ‘of the Christians’ ~ trs✏q✏ny ‘Christian’ E23.126, 128, 183; E26/25v23.
— d-lb✏ ‘of the heart’ ~ S ⌦-y✏wrcyk ‘belonging to the heart’ Ps19.15*.
— d-mgw wt✏ ‘of magianism’ ~ mw ✏ny ‘magian’ E27/1r24.
— d-mdynt✏ ‘of the city’ ~ kn cyq ‘belonging to the city’ E26/26v18.
— d-m̈d⌘✏ ‘of the minds’ ~ m✏ncyq ‘mental’ E24c2.20f.
— d-mlkwt✏ ‘of kingship’ ~ x ywny-mync ‘kingly’ E23.194.
— d-m⌘mwdyt✏ ‘of baptism’ ~ sn✏mcyq ‘baptismal’ E26/27v18.
— d-mry✏ ‘of the Lord’ ~ b ✏nyq ‘divine, of God’ Ps.
— d-m k✏ ‘of skin’ ~ crmny ‘made of skin, leathern’ E27/57v23.
— d-nwr✏ ‘of fire’ ~ ✏tryny ‘fiery, of fire’ E23.266; E26/27r12; E27/60v3, 29.
— d-n ✏ ‘of brass’ ~ rwdny ‘brazen’ E27/23r4, 91r8*.

— d-n⌧r̈y✏ ‘of the Nazarenes’ ~ trs✏q✏ny ‘Christian’ E27/23r28.
— d-shdwt✏ ‘of martyrdom’ ~ wnwnqy✏myc ‘of victory’ E28/9v2*.
— d-sml✏ ‘left’, lit. ‘of the left hand’ ~ s✏pt ‘left’ E27/57r27.
— d-⌘dt✏ ‘of the church’ ~ b yst✏ncyq ‘pertaining to the church’ E28/9r3.
— d-⌘wl✏ ‘of iniquity’ ~ qt✏nyq✏ry ‘sinful’ E23.87; ~ pd✏tqry ‘doing wrong’ Lk16.8 E5/48r.
— d-⌘yd✏ ‘by habit’ ~ ✏dyqcyq ‘habitual, customary’ E28/2ar1*.
— d-⌘lm✏ ‘of the world’ ~ fcmbdcyq ‘worldly’ 1Cor1.27 E6/12v* (x2); E26/24v9*, 28r19,
31r31; E27/40r13; ~ fcmbdyq ‘id.’ E26/28v29*.
— d-⌘sr̈ m̈nyn ‘of ten strings’ ~ S * st✏rch ‘ten-stringed’ Ps33.2 (MS twch!).
— d-⌧bynh d-✏lh✏ ‘of the will of God’ ~ bg✏nyq-✏ry -mync adj. ‘pertaining to the will of God’
Col1.9 E32/2r*.
— d-qwd ✏ ‘of holiness’ ~ S ✏ẓ-prt ‘holy’ Ps5.8 (cf. also rw ✏ d-qwd ✏ below).
— d-rw , d-rw ✏ ‘of the spirit’ ~ w✏tmyc ‘spiritual’ E27/61v17; ~ w✏tmyny ‘id.’ E27/61r24,
27; ~ w✏tyn̈✏ ‘id.’ E26/27r12; ~ ✏rw✏[n-mync] ‘of the soul, spiritual’ Col1.9 E32/2r; ~ b ✏nyq
‘divine, of God’ E27/61v24.
— d-r̈wm✏ ⌘lÿ✏ ‘of the heights above’ ~ sm✏ncyq heavenly’ E26/30r13.
— d-rmwt✏ ‘of pride’ ~ sq✏m✏nqy✏-mync ‘id.’ E26/32v2f*, E26/32v6f*.
— d-r⌘yn✏ ‘of the mind’ ~ m✏ncyq ‘mental’ E28/8v13.
— d-r ✏ ‘of the head’ ~ srcyq ‘belonging to the head’ E27/91r6; E36/1v14.
— d- my✏ ‘of heaven’ ~ sm✏ncyq heavenly’ Mt13.24 E5/109v* (rest.!); E26/27r11, 18*(?);
E27/48r9; E28/7v11.
— d- rk✏ ‘of the rest, other’ ~ p✏ryq ‘other’ E28/3r21.
— d- rr✏ ‘of truth’ ~ wyzr- ‘true’ E24c1.27*, c2.19; ~ ✏mng ‘id.’ E26/25v17*; ~ S ✏✏mnkcyk
‘id.’ Creed 11; ~ 2r t- ‘id.’ E26/28r2*(?); ~ r ty✏qmync ‘concerning truth’ E26/31r22.
— d-tbyl ‘of the (habitable) world’ ~ S ✏↵c✏np cyk ‘worldly, earthly’ Ps33.8.
— d-tlt ⌫nnn ‘three-pointed’ ~ y-p✏d✏ ‘three-pronged’ E27/60v3, 7.
— ktb✏ d-dwll✏ ‘a bill of divorce’ ~ (xw)[y](cq-q✏r ) (p)[w](st ) ‘releasing document’ Mt5.31
E5/28r.
— mlkwt✏ d- my✏ ‘kingdom of heaven’ ~ sm✏ncyq w tm✏x ‘heavenly Paradise’ Mt13.24 E5/
109v*; E26/27r11; E27/48r9; E28/7v11.
— rw ✏ d-qwd ✏ ‘the Spirit of holiness’ ~ zprt w✏t ‘the Holy Spirit’ Lk1.67 E5/6r, Jn1.33 E5/
19v, Jn20.22 E5/76v; Tit3.5 E6/5r; Hymn 9*; Creed 5, 11*; E23.70; E26/27r7, 31r28; E27/
91v6*.
— The Syr. construction d- + cardinal numeral functions as an ordinal and is regularly translated
by a Sogd. ordinal:
— d-tryn, d-trtyn ‘second, secondly’ ~ dbtyq ‘id.’ Lk12.38 E5/130r, Lk19.18 E5/125r; E27.
— d-tlt, d-tlt✏ ‘third, thirdly’ ~ tyq ‘id.’ E27/40r13, 57r24.
— d-✏rb⌘✏ ‘fourth, fourthly’ ~ ctf✏rmyq ‘id.’ E26/30r23*; E27/39v1*, 108v4*.
— d- t✏ ‘sixth’ ~ xw myq ‘id.’ E27/39v4; ~ S 6-mykw ‘id.’ Ps6.0*.
— d- b⌘✏ ‘seventh’ ~ btmyq ‘id.’ E27/39v6, 55r17.

— d-tmny✏ ‘eighth’ ~ tmyq ‘id.’ E27/55r22.
— d-t ⌘✏ ‘ninth’ ~ nwmyq ‘id.’ E27/55r25.
— d-⌘sr✏ ‘tenth’ ~ dsmyq ‘id.’ E27/55r27.
— d- d⌘sr ‘eleventh’ ~ ywntsmyq ‘id.’ E27/55r29.
— d-tlt⌘sr ‘thirteenth’ ~ S 13-mykw ‘id.’ Ps13.0*.
— d- tt⌘sr ‘sixteenth’ ~ xw (r)ts(m)[yq] ‘id.’ E27/55v14.
— d- b⌘t⌘sr ‘seventeenth’ ~ *bttsmyq ‘id.’ E27/55v17 (MS bbtsmyq!).
— d-tmnt⌘sr ‘eighteenth’ ~ ttsmyq ‘id.’ E27/55v20.
— d-t ⌘t⌘sr ‘nineteenth’ ~ nwtsmyq ‘id.’ E27/55v22.
— d-⌘sryn ‘twentieth’ ~ wystmyq ‘id.’ E27/55v27.
— d-⌘sryn w- d ‘twenty-first’ ~ yw-wystmyq ‘id.’ E27/55v29*.
— d-⌘sryn w-tryn ‘twenty-second’ ~ [dw✏wys](tmyq)[ ‘id.’ E27/56r2.
— d-⌘sryn w-✏rb⌘✏ ‘twenty-fourth’ ~ ctf✏r-wystmyq ‘id.’ E27/56r11; E28/4r30; ~ S 24-mykw
‘id.’ Ps24.0*.
— d-⌘sryn w- m ✏ ‘twenty-fifth’ ~ S 25-mykw ‘id.’ Ps25.0*.
— d- m yn w- d✏ ‘fifty-first’ ~ S [51-my](k) ‘id.’ Ps51.0.
— d-hd✏ ‘of this’ ~ prymyd ‘for this’ E28/5r20*.
— d- ⌘t✏ ‘for a while; at (this) moment, now’ ~ qlyl ‘for a little while’ Jn5.35 E5/41v; ~ q y
‘now’ E27/69v15.
— ⌘wmq✏ d-yqdn✏ ‘abyss of fire’ (i.e. hell) ~ swcnty ✏tr ‘burning fire’ E23.64.
— d-⌘lmÿ ⌘lmyn ‘eternal’ ≈ [✏yqwn] pn ‘for ever’ E27/91v7f.
— d-tnn ‘of here’ ~ dymy [fcmpd](c)yq ‘of this world’ E28/14v15f.
— d-tr̈tyn zbnÿn ‘a second time’ ~ qt dbtyq prwrt[w/y] ‘id.’ Jn9.24 E5/101r* (calque).
— mn d-ry ‘again’ ~ dbtyq ‘id.’ E27/22r9, 13, 26v2; ~ cn dbtyq prwrtw ‘a second time’ Tit3.5
E6/5r.
d b , d✏yb✏ ‘wolf’ ~ wyrq- ‘id.’ Mt10.16 E5/75r; E27/12r3, v4, 60r23.
db⌥ p al ‘to sacrifice’ ~ nm✏c br- ‘to pay homage’ E23.206.
— pa el ‘to sacrifice’ ~ w y ptwyd ‘to offer sacrifice’ E23.223, 293, A24*; ~ w y qwn- ‘to
perform a sacrifice’ E29/8r1f*, 7*.
— See also db ✏, mdb ✏.
db⌥ (√db ) ‘sacrifice’ ~ w y ‘id.’ E23.213; E27/12r12.
dbq pa el ‘to join, bind together’ ~ wm ‘to sew’ E36/2r14f*.
dbr p al ‘to lead, conduct, bring, take’ ~ pryp ‘id.’ Mt17.1 E5/127v; E24c2.6; E27; E28/12v25;
~ qr- ‘id.’ E27/40r17, 56r27(?); ~ ✏ny ‘id.’ E26/30v3*.
— pa el (i) ‘to lead, conduct, guide’ ~ qr- ‘id.’ E27/56r27(?); ~ S p✏ty ✏r ‘to keep protected, to
protect’ Ps5.9; (ii) ‘to govern’ ~ 2d✏r ‘to have, hold, possess’ E27/1r10*.
— etp el ‘to be led, taken’ ~ pryfty b- ‘id.’ E27/68r17, 25.
— etp el or etpa al ‘to behave’ ~ w- ‘to go, move, behave’ E28/1r5.
— etpa al ‘to conduct oneself’ ~ xyr ‘to go, travel’ E26/31v26.
— See also dbr✏, dwbr✏, mdbr✏, mdbrn✏, mdbrnwt✏.

dbr (√dbr) ‘field’: d-dbr✏ ‘of the field, wild’ ~ dx tyq ‘belonging to the desert’ E27/83v2.
db ‘honey’ ~ S ✏nkwpyn ‘id.’ Ps19.11*.
dgl (→dglwt✏) ‘lying, false’: shdwt✏ dglt✏ ‘(act of) false witness’ ≈ m-wycwy ‘(person giving)
false witness’ E29/1r4.
dglwt (→dgl✏) ‘lie, falsehood’ ~ m- ‘id.’ Ps5.7*, 24.4; E24c1.27.
dhb ‘gold’ ~ zyrn ‘id.’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r; Ps19.11; E26/25v15*; E27/69v14, 102r18; E29/4r9.
— synq✏ d-dhb✏ ‘hemidrachm of gold’ ~ qysrq✏n ‘denarius’ E27/69v14*.
dwbr (√dbr) ‘course, conduct, way of life’ ~ w✏mc ‘id.’ E27; E28; ~ w✏mnty ‘id.’ E26/24r27,
30v18. See also Sogd. s.v.
— wywt✏ d-dwbr̈✏ ‘equality of conduct’ ~ *pw-ywxng-nyznwy ‘identity of nature’(?) E28/
5v20f*.
dwd pa el ‘to confuse’ ~ ✏symy wn- ‘to make confused’ E28/14v9.
— pa el pass. pt. (mdwd) ‘to be troubled’ ~ ✏symy ... b- ‘id.’ E28/3v4.
— etpa al ‘id.’ ~ ✏symy b- ‘id.’ E27/31r17; ✏xw ty ... b- ‘id.’ E28/3v8.
— See also dwwd✏.
dwwd (√dwd) ‘trouble, confusion’ ~ ✏symqwny ‘confusion, turmoil’ E28/3r28.
dwy p al act. pt. (dw✏) ‘unfortunate, wretched’ ~ b xry ‘id.’ E28/3r13.
dwyr (√dwr) ‘dwelling’ ~ myn✏mnty ‘id.’ E28/2ar15.
dwk, dwk✏, dwkt✏ ‘place’, pl. dwkÿt✏ ~ wy✏q ‘id.’ Lk24.28 E5/72v; Rom11.19 E6/6r; E24c1.96,
c2.12; E25/1r15, v3*; E27; E28/3r18, 12r15; ~ 1z✏y ‘id.’ E23.67, 209, 276.
dwkrn (√dkr) ‘memory, commemoration’ ~ 2ptfr✏w ‘id.’ 1Cor11.24 E6/7v; E27/55v21; E28/
12v15; ~ ✏ m ‘holy day, festival’ E27/55r26.
dwll ‘divorce’: ktb✏ d-dwll✏ ‘a bill of divorce’ ~ (xw)[y](cq-q✏r ) (p)[w](st ) ‘releasing docu-
ment’ Mt5.31 E5/28r.
dwmy (√dmy) ‘similitude, likeness’ ~ m✏nwqy✏ ‘likeness’ E27/57r21, 32*; ~ wy✏q ‘place’(!)
E27/57r23.
dwn p al (i) ‘to judge’ ~ nm✏y ‘id.’ Lk19.22 E5/125r; Jn5.30 E5/41r; Creed 10; E28/7r8; (ii) ‘to
go to law’ ~ pdq✏ wn- ‘to make a lawsuit’ Mt5.40 E5/28v.
— See also 1dyn✏, 2dyn✏.
dw pa el ‘to jump for joy, exult’ ~ wry b- ‘to be exultant’ E27/60v24.
— See also dy⌧✏.
dwq p al ‘to look, observe’ ~ tqw ‘id.’ E27/31v16.
— ap el (i) ‘to look out’ ~ tqw ‘to look, regard, observe’ E25/1v4; (ii) ‘to appear’ ~ 2tys ‘to
enter’ E27/31v11.
— See also dwq✏.
dwq (√dwq) ‘overseer’ ~ ◆qs y ‘id.’ E27/55r13[m].
dwr pa el ‘to dwell’ ~ 1myn ‘id.’ E27/48r20.
— See also dwyr✏, dyr✏, dyrywt✏, dr✏, drt✏.
dwr (√dr ) ‘training, instruction’ ~ fs✏q ‘id.’ E27/31r2, 14; ~ fs tqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/14v16.
dw p al ‘to trample’ ~ *p pr/p prt ‘id.’ E27/120r4.
d⌥l p al ‘to fear, be afraid’ ~ 2pcqwyr ‘id.’ E5+; Ps34.8.
— p al act. pt. (d l) ‘fearing, one who fears’ ~ S trs✏k ‘id.’ Ps22.24*.
— p al pass. pt. (d yl) ‘terrible, awesome’ ~ wy p wny ‘id.’ E27; E28/7r23*, 8r15; ~ wy pn✏q
‘id.’ E26/23v19.
— See also d lt✏.
d⌥lt (√d l) (i) ‘fear’ ~ 1pcqwyr ‘id.’ E5+; Ps5.9*; ~ wy p- ‘terror, trembling’ E27/69r20; E28/
8r16* (rest.!); (ii) ‘religion’ ~ dyn ‘id.’ E27/24r17*, 68v16, 69r13.
d⌥q p al ‘to chase out’ ~ S ↵ kr- ‘id.’ Ps5.11*; ~ fstxwmp ‘to ward off, repel’ E27/31r12.
dyw ‘demon, devil’ ~ 1dyw ‘id.’ E23; E27.
dyl- (→dylyt✏) ‘own’ ~ xyp ‘id.’ E5; 1Cor5.7 E6/7r, Tit3.5 E6/5r*; Hymn 9; E26/25v12*; E27.
— dylh ‘his own, its own, of it’ ~ xyp ◆dyty ‘(his) own people’ E27/60r16; ~ s✏cy-mycy✏ ‘what
is proper’ E27/61r20; ~ 1 y ‘its’ E28/12v5*.2
— dylhwn ‘their’ ~ wy nty ‘id.’ E28/12r5*.
— dylkwn ‘your’ ~ m✏x ‘id.’ E27/68r30.
dylyt (→dyl-) ‘natural property’ ~ fs✏q ‘habit’ E28/1r16.
dyn ‘but’ ~ py t ‘id.’ NT; E28; ~ 2ps✏ ‘id.’ E23A27; E27/40r4, 111r4; E28/3v16; ~ 1yw✏r ‘id.’
E23A8; E27/60r7; ~ 1p✏t ‘for, because; but’ E27/31v18; E28/2av18, 12v28; ~ 1✏t ‘and’
E24c1.92, c2.7; E26/31v15; E27; E28/2av15, 5v12*, 14v23; ~ 1yty ‘id.’ E26/27v7; ~ ZY ‘id.’
E23.84, 246, A27; ~ rty/✏r ‘and, then’ E26/30v15; E27; E28/5v21; ~ nwqr ‘now, next, then’
E28/7v18(?), 12v18(?).
— hnw (±dyn) ‘that is, namely, that is to to say’ (introducing an explanation) ~ ✏wnw n✏x ‘id.’
E27/40r21, 61r20; E28/3v25; ~ w✏nw m✏y t ‘id.’ E28/8v24.
1
dyn (√dwn) ‘judgement’ ~ pdq- ‘id.’ E5; Ps19.10; E27/56r3*, 61r17, v19; E28/1r4, 3v19*, 24.
— gzr dyn✏ ‘judgement, sentence’ ~ frm✏n ‘order’ E27/68v5.
— dyn✏ d-mwt✏ ‘sentence of death’ ≈ mrc bn ✏m *b-/qt- ‘to be sentenced to death’ E24c2.2.
— ytb p al + b-dyn✏ ‘to sit in judgement’ ~ pdyb✏rcy✏ br- ‘to hold an enquiry’ E28/27r27*.
2
dyn (√dwn) ‘judge’ ~ d✏tbr ‘id.’ E24c2.4, 7; E27/24r13*, 77v11; ~ x ywny ‘king’ E29/8v7.
— byt dyn̈✏ ‘tribunal’ ~ d✏tbr ‘judge’ Mt10.17 E5/75r.
dynr ‘denarius’ ~ qysrq✏n ‘id.’ Lk10.35 E5/91r.
dy (√dw⌧) ‘exultation’ ~ wry✏q ‘id.’ E27/31v9.
dyr (√dwr) ‘monastery, convent’, pl. dyr̈t✏ ~ b yst✏n ‘sanctuary, convent’ E26/28v2*, 7, 15*; ~
wmr- ‘monastery’ E27/60r26*; ~ *b ✏nyq pw✏dy ‘house of God’ E26/24r17*, 30r16.
— r -dyr✏ ‘abbot’ ~ xw tr swqb✏r ‘chief monk’ E26/31v23f.
— r t dyr✏ ‘abbess’ ~ xw tr swqbr✏nc ‘chief nun’ E26/28v14, 36.
dyrywt (√dwr) ‘monastic life’ ~ swgb✏ry✏ ‘id.’ E28/12r9.
dytq ‘covenant, testament’ ~ 1p t✏wn ‘id.’ Lk1.72 E5/6v* (rest.!); 1Cor11.25 E6/7v.
2
Regarding the calque dylh ~ wyn xyp in Lk10.35 E5/91r see Sogd. s.v. xyp .
— dytq✏ ⌘tyqt✏ ‘Old Testament’ ~ wcync nwm ‘the Old Law’ E27/55r28.
dky p al pass. pt. (dk✏, dky✏, f. dky✏, dkyt✏) ‘pure’ ~ zprt ‘id.’ Ps19.10*; E27/66r17; ~ yrqty
‘righteous, saint’, f. yrqtc E27/12v12.
— pa el ‘to cleanse, purify’ ~ zprt (q)wn- ‘to make clean, make pure’ Ps51.4* (rest.!); E23.220;
≈ zprt b- ‘to become pure’ E26/27r13.
— etpa al ‘to be purified’ ~ zprt b- ‘to become pure’ Ps19.14*; E28/5r22.
— See also dky✏yt, dkywt✏.
dky yt (√dky) ‘purely’ ~ [pr]( zpr)tty✏ ‘in purity’ E26/30r10.
dkywt (√dky) ‘purity’ ~ zprty✏ ‘purity, holiness’ E27/31v3; E28/12r24f*; ~ zprtcyqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/
61r29; E28/12v18 (x2); ~ zprtcyqy✏ or ~ ✏w wxy✏ ‘id.’ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r (see Sogd. s.v. ✏w wx).
— dkywt lb✏ ‘purity of heart’ ~ [zprt- ](y)✏wrqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/5r19.
dkr etp el ‘to remember’ ~ 1ptfr✏w ‘id.’ E26/24r34; ~ y✏ d✏r ‘to keep in memory’ E24c1.86*.
— See also dwkrn✏.
dkr (i) ‘male’ ~ mrty ‘man, male’ Gal3.28 E6/3r; (ii) ‘ram’ ~ psw-stwr ‘sheep’ E36/2r3.
dl p al ‘to draw, drag’ ~ x ‘id.’ E28/12v6.
d-l (→1d-, l✏) ‘without’ ~ pw ‘id.’ Lk1.74 E5/6v; E24c3.15, 21; E26/30r34; E27/60v17, 111r4;
E28/1r5, 10, v12; ~ pw cn ‘id.’ E26/23v8.
— d-l✏ ywtrn ‘unprofitable, worthless’ ~ pw-wr✏ ‘id.’ E27/13v16*; E28/10v17*.
— d-l✏ lb✏ ‘heartless’ ~ (p)[w- y✏wr] ‘id.’ E27/68r24.
— d-l✏ mwm ‘untainted, without fault’ ~ S (p)[w-✏✏myk] ‘id.’ Ps19.8.
— d-l✏ mn ‘without’ ~ pw cn ‘id.’ E27/31v21.
— d-l✏ mnyn ‘countless, innumerable’ ~ pw-pcm✏r ‘id.’ E27/12v20; E28/7r23*.
— d-l✏ sybrt✏ ‘without food’ ~ [p](w)-xwrt ‘id.’ E27/25v17f.
— d-l✏ pys✏ ‘disobedient’ ~ pwywq ‘untaught, unruly’ Tit3.3 E6/5r.
— d-l✏ qwm✏ ‘without standing still’ ~ n✏-pt ty✏n ‘inconstant’ E27/40r12.
— d-l✏ r⌘yn✏ ‘unthinking’ ~ (pw-m✏)[n] ‘id.’ Tit3.3 E6/5r.
— d-l✏ w lp ‘without change, unchanging’ ~ pw-pcywp ‘id.’ E27/31r2f.
— d-l✏ lw✏ ‘ceaseless’ ~ pw-✏nc✏n ‘id.’ E28/7r15, 8v27.
— d-l✏ qy✏ ‘without drink’ ~ pw-c[ nt] ‘id.’ E27/25v18.
dl⌥ etpa al ‘to be shaken, be violently agitated’ ~ 1◆wy ‘to become agitated, become angry’
E27/68v21.
dlyl ‘rare, few’ ~ qbn- ‘few’ E28/8v16*.
dlm (→dm) (i) ‘perhaps, perchance’ ~ qt db✏t ‘id.’ Rom11.14 E6/5v*; E24c1.52, 53*; ~ db✏t
‘id.’ E27/19v1, 31v10; (ii) (introducing a question) ~ 1qt ‘if, whether’ E26/25r3; (iii) ‘that ...
not, lest’ ~ 1m✏t + ny ‘id.’ E26/28r18.
dlq p al ‘to shine’ ~ fr yp ‘id.’ Jn5.35 E5/41v.
— ap el ‘to light, set on fire’ ~ *✏bry ‘id.’(?) E27/23v10*.
dm (→dlm✏) ‘perhaps, perchance’ ~ db✏t ‘id.’ E27/12v30.
1
dm ‘blood’ ~ ywxn- ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; E23.318; E26/23v14, 23, 31v14; E27/27r10,
40v24, 57r19; E28/23r9.
2
dm✏, dmy✏ ‘resembling’ = dmy p al act. pt.
dmwt (√dmy) ‘likeness’ ~ m✏nwqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/48r11*, 53r5*(?), 57r26; E28/20r15*; ~ m✏nwq
‘like, similar’ Col1.15 E32/2v.
— b-dmwt ‘in the likeness of’ ~ w✏fyd c✏nw ‘as, like’ E27/22v13(?), 23v15*; ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’
E26/32v5*; ~ mydc✏nw ‘id.’ E28/9r30*; ~ m✏nwq ‘like, similar’ E26/28v23.
— dm̈wt✏ d-⌫✏d✏ ‘likenesses of demons’ ≈ [dyw-m]✏nwq ‘demon-like’ E23.81.
dmy p al ‘to resemble’ ~ 2myn ‘id.’ E27/77v5*, E28/7v22*; ~ m✏nwq x- or b- ‘to be like’
Mt13.24 E5/109v*, Lk12.36 E5/130r; E27/64v24*.
— p al act. pt. f. (dmy✏) ‘likely’ ~ *pyrnyq wny ‘credible, likely’ E28/7v20*.
— p al inf. + act. pt. (dm✏, dmy✏) ‘to be just like’ ~ pr m✏nwqy✏ [...] ‘in likeness [...]’ Jn9.9 E5/
100r.
— pa el inf. + pf. ‘to be just like’ ~ m✏nwq x- ‘to be like’ E24c1.94.3
— etpa al ‘to resemble’ ~ m✏nwq b- ‘to be like’ E28/1r12.
— See also dwmy✏, dmwt✏.
dmk p al ‘to fall asleep, sleep’ ~ ✏wfs ‘id.’ E26/24v17.
dm pa el pt. (mdm⌘) ‘weeping’ ~ pwrn-cwq ‘full of tears’ E27/12v3.
— See also dm⌘t✏.
dm t , pl. dm̈⌘✏ (√dm⌘) ‘tear’ ~ cwq- ‘id.’ E28; ~ y q- ‘tear, drop’ E36/1v10*; ≈ x ywn
‘weeping’ (noun) E26/25r18.
dmr etpa al ‘to marvel, be amazed’ ~ 2wyd✏s ‘id.’ Lk2.18 E3v* (rest.!); Lk1.63 E5/6r, Jn5.28
E5/41r, Jn9.30 E5/101r.
— etpa al inf.: h⇧ l-mtdmrw ‘it is to be wondered at’ (cf. Nöldeke 1898, p. 216) ~ s✏ t pr wd✏s
‘one may wonder’ Jn9.30 E5/101r.
— See also tdmwrt✏.
dn⌥ p al ‘to shine forth’ ~ wyt✏p ‘id.’ E27/77v16.
— See also dn ✏, mdn ✏.
dn⌥ (√dn ) ‘shining forth, Epiphany’ ~ wyt✏p✏mnt ‘id.’ Lk1.78 E5/6v; E27/55r16*. See also
Sogd. s.v. dn⇣✏.
d k p al ‘to be extinguished’ ≈ ✏ ✏m[ ‘extinction’ E26/29r3*(?).
— pa el or ap el ‘to extinguish’ ~ dwr wn- ‘to make far, remove’ E27/57r17.
1
dpn ‘side, flank’ ~ qw y- ‘id.’ E27/51v15(?).
2
dpn ‘expenses, provisions (for a journey)’, pl. dpn̈✏ ~ 2pc ✏z ‘id.’ E26/30r34.
dqdq ‘little’ ~ nq ‘id.’ E28/14r9.
dr (√dwr) ‘generation, age’ ~ wy- ‘id.’ E27/91v7; ~ S kwtr ‘family, lineage, generation’ Ps24.6.
— dr̈y ⌘lm̈✏ ‘all ages’, lit. ‘ages of aeons’ ~ m wn fcmbd ‘the whole world’ E26/31r9.
drwny ‘priest who consecrates the dr⌃n bread’(?) ~ zwt ‘chaplain (to the Sasanian king)’(?)
E27/13r26.
dr ‘arm’ ~ b✏z✏ ‘id.’ E26/31r20; pl. dr̈⌘✏ ‘arms’ ~ qw y- ‘side, flank’ E23.228(?).
dr p al ‘to tread, walk’ ~ prxw✏y ‘to tread, trample’ E27/94v23.
3
Mistranslation of an ambiguous Syr. verb, which here means ‘to suppose’ according to ST II, 520 n. 3.
— etpa al ‘to be trodden’ ~ *prxwsty [b-] ‘id.’ E28/14r5.

— See also dwr ✏, dr ✏, mdr ✏.
dr (√dr ) ‘dispute’ ~ ✏xwnc ‘strife’ E28/14v20.
drt (√dwr) ‘house, court’ ~ S pw✏ y ‘house (of God), temple’ Ps29.2*; ~ 1x✏n✏ ‘house’ E27/
60v29.
-h, -hy, f. -ḣ ‘him, her, it, to him, to her, to it, his, its’ ~ 1wyny ‘him, to him, his, it, its’ NT+; Ps;
Creed 4; ~ 1wy✏ ‘her’ E5; 1Tim2.15 E6/18v*; E23; E24c1.62, c3.22, 23; E26/28v20; E27/
4v2*, 17r5; E28/27v29; ~ 1✏⇧ ‘him’ E27/94r14; ~ 1 w ‘him, her, it’ Ps34.7; E26/27v11, 32r5*;
E27; ~ 1 y ‘him, his, her, it, its’ E5+; Ps24.2; ~ - ‘her, its’ E24c3.11; E28/9r4; ~ xyp ‘his,
her, its’ NT+; Ps; Creed 3, 4, 9; ~ xyp rywy ‘of himself’ E28/1r20; ~ xyp ryw ‘herself’
E24c1.71; ~ S xwny ‘that (person), him’ Ps5.7*; ~ dymy ‘this’ E26/30r14[m]; ~ 1wy nt
‘they, them, their’(!) E27/66r12; E28/10v28; ~ mn✏ ‘me’(!) E26/32r3 (mistake?); ~ 1m✏x
‘our’(!) E28/9v14; ≈ myd ✏y t ‘these things’ E27/65v28.—The construction prep. + -h/-ḣ +
prep. + noun phrase (Nöldeke 1898, §222) can be translated by placing xyd, lit. ‘that’, before
the noun or adverbial phrase, e.g. mnh mn pgr✏ ‘of the body’ ~ xyd cn tmp✏r, lit. ‘that from the
body’ 1Cor12.15*, 16 E6/20r; for further examples see E26/27v7, 17, 32v4f; E27/54v21f,
68v6f. In one case m yd ‘thus’ seems to be used in the same way: bḣ b- lth ‘in his fetters’ ~
m yd pr spynt✏, lit. ‘thus in irons’ E27/68r18. Other ways of translating this construction: bh b-
⌘dn✏, bḣ b- ⌘t✏ ‘at that very moment’ ~ (±ywn) pr wy✏q ‘on the spot, immediately’ Lk24.33
E5/73r* (rest.!); E23.111f*, 152, 232; E26/27v25* (rest.!); bh b-rny✏ ym✏ ‘by means of this
ordinary thought’ ~ prymyd smt✏n m✏(r)[✏] ‘id.’ E28/14r10; mnh d-✏tr✏ ‘from that country’ ~
✏wt✏qcyq ‘native’ E27/60r3*.
— bh/bḣ ‘in him, upon him, concerning her, over it’ etc. ~ pryw ‘id.’ E5; E27; E28/1r14, 8v26;
‘on it’ ~ prywnt ‘id.’ E29/1r10; ‘by it’ ~ 1prywyd ‘by that’ E27/56v28*; ‘in it’ ~ wdy ‘there,
in it’ Mt21.33 E5/38r (x2); E26/28v4; E27.
— bḣ b- ‘in’ (emphatic) ~ myd pr ‘id.’, lit. ‘so in’ E27/68r18.
— lh, lḣ ‘him, her, it, to him, to her, to it’ ~ 1wyny ‘him, to him, to it’ NT+; ~ 1wy✏ ‘her’ E5; E23;
~ 1✏⇧ ‘him’ E27/87r10; ~ 1 w ‘him, her, it’ E27; ~ 1 y ‘to him, to her’ E26/24v30, 30r33; E27;
~ qyw s✏ ‘to him, to it’ Ps33.2, 3; E27; ~ qywyd s✏ ‘to that’ E27/31v15; ~ ✏wts✏r ‘thither’
Lk24.28 E5/72v.
— lwth (i) ‘to him, to it’ ~ qyw s✏ ‘id.’ E27/60r13, 23, 87v19*; (ii) ‘beside him’ ~ tdy ‘there’
E26/24v21.
— l-qdmwhy ‘into his presence’ ~ ✏wts✏r ‘thither’ E27/25v9.
— m lth/m ltḣ ‘for his/its sake, because of it’ ~ cyw pyd✏r ‘concerning him/it, on account of him/
it, for it’ Hymn 7; E27/60r30, 66r6, 68r5; E28/3r12; ~ cywyd pyd✏r ‘because of that, there-
fore’ E27/102r20.
— mnh, mnḣ ‘from it, of it, by it, than it’ ~ cyw ‘by it’ E27/40v12; ~ c[ywy ] ‘from that’
E26/28r14; ~ cn cymnty ‘of it’ E26/31v9; ~ cymy ‘id.’ E26/31v13; ~ (cy)[wyd] ‘than that’
E28/8v14.
— np h ‘himself’ ~ ryw ‘(him)self’ E26/30r17.

— ⌘lwhy/⌘lyḣ ‘in him, upon him, concerning him, concerning her, over it’ etc. ~ pryw ‘id.’ E5;
E27; E28/8r13; ~ cyw pyd✏r ‘concerning him’ E27/60r27
— ⌘mh/⌘mḣ ‘with him, with it’ ~ 2dyw prw ‘id.’ E27.
— ⌧✏dyḣ ‘at it’ ~ qyw s✏ ‘to it’ E27/31r17.
— qdmwhy ‘into his presence’ ~ qyw s✏ ‘to him’ E27/68v21.
h ‘lo, behold; now’ ~ 1n✏y ‘id.’ E5; E26/23v28, 24r13; E27; E28/8r24; ~ 1ny ‘id.’ E26/24r21,
28v27*, 30v19; ~ n✏y q ry ny ‘id.’ E26/23v28, 24r13; ~ ny q ry ‘now’ E26/25r22, 30r26f;
~ p p✏ty ‘suddenly’ E27/60v2; ~ ywny ‘immediately’ E27/94r23.
hgmwn ‘prefect, governor’ ~ d✏tbr ‘judge’ Mt10.18 E5/75r*.
hd✏ ‘this’: see hn✏.
hdyw✏ ‘ignorant (person)’ ~ mntptz✏ny ‘id.’ E27/31r13; ~ mn - rb✏q mrdxmy ‘ignorant man’
E24c1.91.
— hdÿw ✏ ... w-qwr̈yy b-yd⌘t✏ ‘(those) who are ignorant and boorish in respect of knowledge’ ~
mntptz✏n yt ‘the ignorant’ E27/31r17.
hdyr (→hdr✏) ‘beautiful’ ~ w✏-s✏rst ‘so beautiful’ E27/12r17*(?).
hdm ‘limb’ ~ ✏dmy ‘id.’ 1Cor12.14 E6/20r; E27; E28/5v10*.
hdr (→hdyr✏) ‘splendour’ ~ b✏mqyny✏ ‘id.’ E27/54r25(?).
h⌅ [hu], -w, f. h [hi] (i) ‘he, she, it’ ~ 1xw ‘he, it’ NT+; Ps; Creed 3, 5*; ~ 1x✏ ‘she’ E24c3.2
E27/12r13*, 87r12; ~ xyd ‘that (one)’ E26/25v20; E27/31v30 (xyd xcy ‘that is’ ~ hw-yw ‘it
is’); E28/12r25; (ii) (used as copula) ~ x- ‘to be’ NT+; Ps; ~ b- ‘to be’ E28/3v18; ~ 1myn ‘to
remain, be’ E26/32v3; (iii) ‘the’ ~ 2xw ‘id.’ Jn16.27 E5/79v; E25/1r20(?); E26/27v10; E27/
19v3*, 27r14*; E28; ~ 2x✏ ‘id.’ E27/12v12; E28/4v24; ~ xyd ‘that’ E26/24v14; E27/60r5; ~
wt ‘itself’ Rom11.18 E6/6r.—For pl. h wn, h yn, encl. ✏nwn, ✏nyn see separate entries.
— h⇧ h⌥ d- ‘he who’ ~ xyd ✏d y qy ‘that person who’ E27/60v6.
— h⇧ l-mtdmrw ‘it is to be wondered at’ (cf. Nöldeke 1898, p. 216) ~ s✏ t pr wd✏s ‘one may
wonder’ Jn9.30 E5/101r.
— h hd✏ ‘this’ ~ xyd y✏n✏ ‘id.’ E28/12v17; ~ 2x✏n✏ ‘that’ E27/68v7.
— hn-w (= hn✏ + h⇧, -w) ‘that is’: see separate entry hnw.
— l-w (= l✏ + h⇧, -w) ‘not’: see separate entry lw.
h⇧ [haw] ‘that, that (person), that (thing)’, f. hẏ [h⇠y] ~ xyd ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 11; ~ xwny ‘that,
that person’ E5+; ~ wyd ‘that’ E26/24v17; E27; E28/4r23; ~ dywy ‘id.’ Lk10.36 E5/91r;
E26/24r23; E27; E28/7r23; ~ dywnt ‘id.’ E23.247; ~ w✏n✏ ‘id.’ E27/60v7; ~ w✏ny ‘that’ E28/
5v12*, 21*; ~ x d ✏ c ‘that thing’ Lk19.26 E5/125v*; ~ 1xw ‘he’ E26/29v3; ~ 1wyny ‘him’
Jn9.13 E5/100r; ~ 2x✏ ‘the’ E23.—For m. pl. h wn see separate entry.
— ✏yk ḣw d- ‘as, as if’ ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘id.’ E27/111r8*; E28/8r10; ~ w✏nc✏nw xyd n✏x ‘id.’ E28/14r14.
— b-(...) h⌥/hẏ ‘in that, through that, by that’ ~ 1prywyd ‘id.’ E27/31v26, 40v6, 54v22; E28/
3v15, 22*, 4r30; ~ cn cywyd ‘by that’ E27/14v20.
— b-h⌥ d- ‘for that (person) who’ ~ prywyd ✏dw qy ‘for that person who’ E27/31r10.
— b-h⌥ ywm✏ ‘on that day’ ~ xyd prywyd m y ‘id.’ E27/54v22.

— d-h⌥ d- ‘of that (person) who’ ~ [xy](d) ✏d [qt] ‘of that person who’ Jn9.18 E5/100v.
— h⌥ d- ‘he/him who’ ~ xwny qy ‘id.’ E27/61r30; E28; ~ xwny ✏dy (...) qt/q ‘that person who’
Lk19.24 E5/125v*; E28/9r26.
— h⇧ h⌥ d- ‘he who’ ~ xyd ✏d y qy ‘that person who’ E27/60v6.
— h⌥ mn d- ‘he who’ ~ xwny qy ‘id.’ E28/3v18.
— h⌥ ✏yn✏ d- ‘he who’ ~ xwny mrt(x)[my qy] ‘that ma[n who]’ E27/14v21.
— l-(...) h⌥/hẏ ‘to that’ ~ qywyd (...) s✏ ‘id.’ E25/1r15; E27; qw qywn ... s✏r ‘id.’ E24c2.12;
*qywnt s✏r ‘to that (person)’ E24c1.25 (MS qwynt!).
— m l hẏ ‘because of that’ ~ cywyd w✏x y pyd✏r ‘because of that saying’ E27/55v23f, 56r8.
— mn (...) h⌥ ‘from that, than that’ ~ cn (cywy)[d] ‘from that’ E27/1v7; ~ [cy]wyd ‘than that
(person)’ E27/94r4.
— mn hẏ ⌘t✏ ‘from that hour’ ~ cywy y yrtr ‘thereafter’ E23.77.
— ⌘l h⌥ ‘concerning that’ ~ cywyd pyd✏r ‘id.’ E28/14v7.
— ⌘l ... hẏ ‘in that’ ~ 1prywyd ‘id.’ E27/87r7.
— ⌘m ... hẏ ‘with that’ ~ dywyd ‘id.’ E27/87r18*.
hwy p al ‘to become, come into being, come to pass, happen, occur; to be’ ~ b- ‘id.’ NT+;
Ps19.15, 33.9; Hymn 9; Creed 5; ~ x- ‘to be’ NT+; Ps6.1; ~ swq- ‘id.’ Gal4.4 E6/3v;
E26/27v7, 30r16; E27/1r25, 56v32, 94v26; E28; ~ 1myn ‘to remain, be’ Gal4.3 E6/3v; ~ w-
‘to go, move, occur’(?) E26/5v7, 6B2; ~ qty b- ‘to be done’ E27/22r15*; ~ ✏ y ‘to be born’
Gal4.4 E6/3v; ~ ✏ys ‘to come’ E26/32r3.
— hwy p al + ⌧pr✏ ‘it was dawn’ ~ b✏msy✏ ‘dawn appeared’ E27/22r10.
— See also hwy✏.
hwy (√hwy) ‘existence, coming into existence, being’ ~ 2(s)[wq✏m] ‘staying, remaining, being’
E27/48r7; ~ sfryn✏mnty ‘creation’ E27/40r20.
-hwn ‘them, their’, f. -hyn ~ 1wy nt ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ xyp ‘their’ NT+; ~ ryw ‘(them)selves’
E27/87r15.
— bhwn/bhyn ‘in/by them’ etc. ~ prywnt ‘id.’ Lk1.78 E5/6v, Jn20.25 E5/76v*; E27/57r13, 68v8,
91r10; ~ prymyd ‘by this’ E27/31v2; ~ prywnty dstw ‘by means of those (things)’ E28/14r7.
— dylhwn ‘their’ ~ wy nty ‘id.’ E28/12r5*.
— drhyn ‘around them’ ~ dywyd pry✏wr ‘in that vicinity’ E27/64v26*.
— lhwn/lhyn ‘them, to them’ ~ 1wy nt ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ n ‘id.’ E26/30v6(?); E27/68r22, 68v16;
E28/4v20; E29/8v11*; ~ my nt ‘these’ E24c2.17; ~ qymyd s✏ ‘to this’ E28/4r22.
— lwthwn ‘to them’ ~ wy nt ‘id.’ E28/12r4.
— l-qdmyhwn ‘before them’ ~ pnmstr ‘before, previously’ E27/12v5.
— mnhwn ‘from them’ ~ cy[mnty] ‘from these’ E27/94v13*; ~ cywnty ‘from those’ E28/5r19*,
14r4.
— ⌘lyhyn ‘on them’ ~ prywnt ‘id.’ Lk10.34 E5/91r.
— tr̈yhwn ‘the two of them’ ~ xw-dbtyqy ‘both’ E27/60v30.
hwn ‘mind, reason, intellect’ ~ ptbdy ‘consciousness’ E26/26v16; ~ y✏ ‘intellect’ E28/4v24*,

5v25.
— w bẅhy d-hwn✏ ‘thoughts of the mind’ ~ m✏n ‘mind’ E26/32r1*.
hwpk (√hpk) ‘course, conduct, way of life’ ~ w✏mc ‘id.’ E27/94r7 (x2); E28/14v28* (rest.!).
hwpmnm✏ ‘records’ ~ m✏rdny ‘record, book’ E24c1.93; ~ nwm ‘law’ E24c1.81.
hwt ‘chasm’ ~ zwby ‘id.’ E27/87v13.
h [hi] ‘she, it’: see h⇧.
hẏ [h⇠y] ‘that’: see h⌥.
-hy ‘him’: see -h.
hygmwn✏ ‘prefect’: see hgmwn✏.
hydyn ‘then’ ~ wydp✏t ‘id.’ E28/9; ~ wyd✏ ty ‘at that time, then’ E5; E27; E28/7v2*; ~ xyd n ✏m
‘at that time’ E24c2.15; ~ 2ps✏ ‘then, on the other hand’ E23.77*; E29/8v6*; ~ py trw ‘after-
wards’ E27/55r18, 60v8.
hykl (i) ‘temple’ ~ b yst✏n ‘sanctuary, temple E26/31r27; ~ b n- ‘altar; temple’ E36/3v12; ~ S
pw✏ y ‘house (of God), temple’ Ps5.8*, 29.9*; (ii) ‘nave, church, sanctuary’: see Sogd. s.v.
hymn quad. (i) ‘to have faith, believe’ ~ 2wrn- ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 1; (ii) ‘to trust; to entrust’ ~ 1pyr
‘id.’ Lk16.11 E5/48v, Jn9.18 E5/100v*.
— quad. act. pt. (1mhymn [mhaymen], mhymn✏) ‘faithful, believing; believer’ ~ wrnqyn ‘id.’
Col1.7 E32/2r; E27/48r22, 57r16, 68v7.
— quad. pass. pt. (2mhymn [mhayman], mhymn✏) ‘faithful, trustworthy’ ~ prm✏n ‘id.’ Lk16.10
E5/48v (x2), Lk19.17 E5/125r; ~ pyrcyq ‘id.’ E26/24v12; ~ p rn q ‘id.’ Lk16.11, 12 E5/48v;
≈ wrnqyn ‘faithful’ E27/54v24.
— See also hymnwt✏.
hymnwt (√hymn) ‘faith’ ~ 1wrn- ‘id.’ Gal3.25*, 26 E6/3r, 1Tim2.15 E6/18v*; E24c2.20; E25/
1r12, 21; E27.
— syrwt hymnwt✏ ‘lack of faith’ ~ ṃ̇nt-[wrnqy✏] ‘id.’ Rom11.23 E6/6v.
— z⌘wr hymnwt✏ ‘of little faith’ ~ mnt-wrny ‘lacking faith’ Mt6.30 E1/2v.
-hyn ‘them, their’: see -hwn.
hkwt ‘likewise’ ~ prymy fr n✏ ‘in this manner’ Mt21.36 E5/38v.
hkyl ‘now, then, therefore’ ~ nwqr ‘now, then’ E5; E27; E28/7r12, 15, v5; ~ q y ‘now’ Rom6.8
E32/1v; ~ 2ps✏ ‘then, on the other hand’ E23.140.
hkn , hkn ‘so, thus’ ~ w✏nw ‘id.’ E23.248; E27; E28/5r25; ~ 1myd ‘id.’ E27/23r10; ~ w✏f ‘id.’
E27/102v18; ~ w✏fyd ‘so, thus, likewise’ Rom6.4, 5 E32/1r; E26/31v11; ~ prymy fr n✏ ‘in
this manner’ NT+; ~ prywy fr n✏ ‘in that manner’ E26/31v12; ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘as’ E28/14r1*(?);
≈ w✏nm✏ ‘just such’ E26/27v12.
— ✏yk hkn✏ ‘thus’, lit. ‘like so’ ~ cymy xw✏n ‘of this kind, thus’ E28/3v18; ~ prymyd fr n✏ ‘in
this manner’ E28/3v23.
— hkn✏ b q y✏yt ‘so very sorely’ ~ w✏- w t ‘so sorely’ E27/104r3.
hlyn (pl. of hn✏, hd✏, q.v.) (i) ‘these’ ~ y✏nt ‘id.’ Mt6.32 E1/2v*; Lk2.19 E3v*; E5; E27/66v6,
102v18*, 104r7; E28/3r8* (rest.!), 27*; ~ m✏nt ‘id.’ E27/23v2*, 54v16, 68v18; ~ ✏yny ‘id.’
Ps50.21*; E26/24v22, 23; ~ 2myd ‘id.’ E28/7r20; ~ my nt ‘id.’ Mt25.46 E5/127r; E26/24v27;
~ dymnt ‘id.’ E28/3r14*; ~ x✏nt ‘those’ E27/31r8; ~ dywyd ‘id.’ E27/27r12; ~ w✏f ‘so many,
many, such’ E27/60r12; (ii) ‘these (things)’ ~ y✏nt ✏ t ‘these things’ NT; ~ d/m yd/m✏nt ✏y t
‘id.’ E27; ~ myd w✏x t ‘these words’ E27/12r6; ~ xyd ✏y t/✏ ct ‘those things’ E27/31v16;
E28/7r2; ~ ✏yny ‘this (thing)’ E24c1.56, 84; E28/9v20 (etc.); ~ ✏yny w✏x ‘this word/thing’
E24c1.90 (x2); E26/25r11*, 31v23 (etc.); ~ ✏yny ‘this’ + some other sg. noun E26/31r30; E28/
9r27 (etc.).
— ✏yk hlyn ‘like these’ ~ cymnt xw✏nt ‘of such kinds’ E28/14v22.
— b-(...) hlyn ‘in these, by these, with these, for these’ ~ prymnt ‘id.’ E27/40v19, 69v21; E28/
5r16, 7r13; ~ prymyd ‘by these’ E28/7v5; ~ 1prywyd ‘by those’ E28/5r27*; ~ prymnt ✏ t,
prymyd ✏yct ‘by these things’ E27/69v21; E28/7v5.
— b-yd hlyn ‘by means of those (things)’ ~ prywnty dstw ‘id.’ E28/14r6.
— d-hlyn ‘of these’ ~ prymnt ‘concerning these’ E28/14r8
— h wn hlyn ‘these’ ~ ]( )d y✏nt ‘id.’ E27/104r7.
̇
— mÿ✏ hlyn ‘this water’ (pl. tantum) ~ w✏n✏ ʾp ‘that water’ E26/27v1*.
— mn (...) hlyn ‘of/than these’ ~ (±cn) cymnt ‘id.’ E27/48r19; E28/3r26, 7v25, 26.
̈
— mn hlyn ḥy✏ ‘from this life’ (pl. tantum) ~ [cn] cymyt w✏ ‘id.’ E23A8.
— ⌘l hlyn ‘concerning these’ ~ prywnt ‘id.’ E27/40v18.
hlk pa el ‘to walk, go, behave’ ~ ✏xyr ‘id.’ Rom6.4 E32/1v, Col1.10 E32/2r; E23.155, 160, 219;
E24c2.22; ~ w- ‘to go, move’ E27/87v10; E28/3v15, 16; ~ S (r✏) [ ...] ‘to travel’(?)
Ps12.9(?).
— See also hlkt✏.
hlkt (√hlk) ‘walk, course’ ~ r✏ y w✏mc ‘travel, course’ E27/94r9*, 10.
hllwy ‘Hallelujah’: see Sogd. s.v.
hmy ap el act. pt. (mhm✏) ‘negligent’ ~ frqynn ‘id.’ E27/60r7.
— See also mhmynwt✏.
hn , f. hd✏ ‘this’ ~ ✏yny ‘id.’ NT+; Ps24; ~ y✏n✏ ‘id.’ E27/12v11; E28/8v22; ~ ✏ d ‘id.’ E27/1v7,
104v2*; E28/8r23; ~ mwnw ‘id.’ E27; E28/5v28; ~ m✏n✏ ‘id.’ E27/55r21, 68r14; ~ 2myd ‘id.’
E27/26v5*, 69v24; ~ (±n)dymyd/dymy ‘id.’ Jn9.30 E5/101r*; E27; E26/27r16; E28/3v28; ~
dymnt ‘id.’ E23.237; ~ 1xw ‘he’ Jn1.33 E5/19v*; ~ 1wyny ‘him’ E23.89; E27/1r19(?); ~ ✏wnw
‘that’ E27/12v18(?); ~ xyd ‘id.’ E27/31r16, v10; ~ wyd ‘id.’ E27/77v9; ~ ✏yny w✏x ‘this
word/thing’ Jn20.20 E5/76v; E26/24v11, 32r6; ~ cymy xw✏n ‘in this manner’ E28/3v9.—For
pl. hlyn see separate entry.
— b-(...) hd✏/hn✏ ‘at this, by this’ etc. ~ (±pr) prymyd ‘id.’ Jn5.28 E5/41r, Jn16.30 E5/79v; E25/
1r18; E27/31v14, 54v27, 94r21; E28/3r16, v15, 7v9.
— d-hd✏ ‘of this’ ~ prymyd ‘for this’ E28/5r20*.
— hy hd✏ ‘this’ ~ 2x✏n✏ ‘that’ E27/68v7.
— hn-w (= hn✏ + h⇧, -w) ‘that is’: see separate entry hnw.
— l-... hn✏ ‘to this’ ~ qymyd ... s✏ ‘id.’ E27/31v24, 32.
— m l (...) hd✏/hn✏ ‘because of this, concerning this ...’ ~ cymy y pyd✏r ‘therefore’ E5; 1Cor5.8
E6/7r; ~ cywy pyd✏r ‘because of that, therefore’ Col1.9 E32/2r*; E23.103; ~ cymnt pyd✏r
‘therefore’ E27/60v18, 61r18; ~ cymyd ... pyd✏r ‘concerning this ...’ E27/60v20.
— mn (...) hd✏/hn✏ ‘from/of this’ ~ (±cn) cymyd ‘id.’ E26/26r14; E27/40v13*, 55v20, 65r25;
E28/14r16*.
— ⌘l hd✏ ‘concerning this, therefore’ ~ cyw pyd✏r ‘concerning it’ E27/60r6; ~ cymy y pyd✏r
‘therefore’ Jn16.19 E5/78v*.
— ⌘l hn✏ ‘concerning this’ ~ cymyd w✏x y pyd✏r ‘concerning this matter’ E28/14v7.
— ⌘l (...) hn✏ ‘concerning this ...’ ~ cymy y ... pyd✏r ‘id.’ E28/12r3, 14v7.
hndwy ‘Indian’ ~ yntwq✏ny ‘id.’ E27/56v9.
hnw (±dyn) ‘that is, namely, that is to to say’ (introducing an explanation) ~ ✏wnw n✏x ‘id.’ E27/
40r21, 61r20; E28/3v25; ~ w✏nw m✏y t ‘id.’ E28/8v24.
h wn [hennon] ‘they; the’, f. h yn [hennein] (pl. of h⇧, h , q.v.) (i) ‘they’ ~ 1wy nt ‘id.’ NT+;
Ps; ~ my nt ‘these’ E26/29r4; (ii) ‘the’ ~ 2wy nt ‘id.’ E26/30r18*; ~ w✏nt ‘those’ E28/10r20.
— h wn hlyn ‘these’ ~ ]( )d y✏nt ‘id.’ E27/104r7.
h↵wn [h⇠non] ‘those’ (m. pl. of h⌥, hẏ, q.v.) ~ x✏nt ‘id.’ NT; E27/12r14, 39r4; ~ w✏nt ‘id.’
E27/39r6; ~ dywnt ‘id.’ Lk6.12 E5/91v; E26/30r14; E27/57r26; ~ 1wy nt ‘they, them, their’
Mt25.41 E5/126v* (rest.!); Lk19.24 E5/125v; E26/25r26(?); E28/7r13, 25*; ~ my nt ‘these’
E24c1.34.
— l-ḣnwn ‘to those’ ~ qywnt ... s✏ ‘id.’ E27/48r14f (altered from qymnt ... s✏ ‘to these’).
— mÿ✏ h wn ‘that water’ (pl. tantum) ~ x✏n✏ ◆p ‘id.’ E27/22v12.
— ⌘l (...) h wn ‘on/concerning those’ ~ prywnt ‘id.’ E27/27r25, 39r8, 40v21.
hny etpa al ‘to profit, advantage’ ~ wr✏ wn-/qt- ‘to make a profit’ Mt16.26 E5/127r* (rest.!).
— See also hny✏✏, hny✏wt✏.
hny (√hny) ‘agreeable, (to be) agreeable’ ~ [xw]cy syd ‘to seem agreeable’ E27/48r2.
hny wt (√hny) ‘sweetness, pleasantness, pleasure’ ~ xwc✏wy ‘pleasantness’ E27/60v22; ~
✏twxy✏ ‘happiness, bliss’ E27/57r8.
h yn ‘they’: see h wn.
hpk p al ‘to return, turn back’ ~ zwrt ‘to turn, turn away, return’ (itr.) Lk2.20 E3v*; Lk10.35 E5/
91r, Lk24.33 E5/73r; E27; E28/10v30.
— ap el ‘to turn’ (tr.) ~ zwyrt ‘to (cause to) turn, turn away, return’ Ps29.10*; E27/68v16.
— etpa al (i) ‘to turn, turn away’ ~ dwr b-/qt- ‘to become far, be far’ E28/7v1; (ii) ‘to go
around, go about, behave, live one’s life’ ~ prwrt ‘to go around’ E27/48r14; E28/7r11; ~ w-
‘to go, move, behave’ Tit3.3 E6/5r; ~ w- ‘to live’ E27/83v5*.
— See also hwpk✏.
hrg p al ‘to meditate’ ~ xwmr- ‘id.’ E28/1r6.
— See also hrg✏.
hrg (√hrg) ‘meditation’ ~ xwmr✏qc ‘id.’ E28/12v22, 25*, 14v9.
hrk ‘here’ ~ mdy ‘id.’ E26/28v19; E27/40r15, 48r13, 68v15.

— mn hrk✏ ‘hence, henceforward’ ~ cywyd b ys✏ ‘apart from that’(?) E27/31v6.
h ‘now’ ~ q y ‘id.’ E5; E23; E26/25v25, 27v36; E27; E28/10v27; ~ pr⇧str ‘already’ E27/
104r11.
w- ‘and’ ~ 1✏t ‘id.’ E5+; ~ 1yty ‘id.’ E26; E27; E28; E30/4v7; ~ ZY ‘id.’ E23; E26; E29; ~ rty
‘and, then’ Col1.13 E32/2v; Ps33.9, 34.7, 9; E26; E27; E28; E29/8v9; ~ 2qt✏ ‘or’ E27/11r18,
13v28, 17v1; ~ ms tym ‘moreover’ E28/7r20; ~ 2qt ‘that’ E27/40v15, 56r19*, 87r11; E28/9r9;
~ 1m✏t ‘that, in that, etc.’ E27/12r3; ~ w✏nqt ‘so that’(!) E27/66v17; ~ wyd✏ ty ‘at that time,
then’ E26/32r3; E28/27r24; ~ wydn ✏m ‘at that time, then’ E26/27v5(?); ~ wydp✏t ‘on that
occasion, this time, then’ E28/9v26; ≈ c✏nw ‘when, as (etc.)’ E23.149, 172, 248; ≈ pr
‘through’(!) Col1.14 E32/2v*.
— w-✏p ‘and also’ ~ ZY ‘and’ E23.218.
— w-l✏ twb ‘nor yet’ ~ ms z ✏m + neg. ‘id.’ E28/3r21.
̈
w l , pl. w✏lʾs ‘veil, curtain’ ~ pr ynq ‘id.’ E27/57r21.
wzn ‘font’: see Sogd. s.v.
wy ‘woe! alas!’ ~ 2w✏t ‘id.’ E27/83v1, 4, 6*; ~ w✏y ‘id.’ E28/10v16.
1
wl✏ ‘veil’: see w✏l✏.
2
wl ‘(it is) proper, appropriate’ ~ s✏c ‘id.’ Lk24.44 E5/83v.
— f. wlyt✏ as noun ‘what is proper’ ~ s✏cymync ‘id.’ E28/3r21; d-wlyt✏ ‘of what is proper’ ~
s(✏)[cy](?) ‘proper’ E28/2av17.
w d etpa al ‘to come together, assemble’ ~ ✏wz ‘id.’ E28/5v17*.
wrd ‘rose’ ~ wrd ‘id.’ E27/68r27*.
zbn p al ‘to buy, redeem’ ~ xryn ‘id.’ Gal4.5 E6/3v; E26/28r8*; ~ sxryn ‘to redeem’ E26/24r36,
26v23, 31v21.
— pa el ‘to sell’ ~ pry ‘id.’ E26/28r7*; E27/60v26.
— etpa al ‘to be sold’ ~ pr✏ ty b-/qt- ‘id.’ Mt10.29 E5/76r*; E26/28r11.
zbn ‘time’ ~ mn- ‘id.’ Mt21.34 E5/38r*, Mt21.41 E5/38v, Lk12.42 E5/130v; Gal4.1 E6/3r,
Gal4.2, 4 E6/3v; Ps32.6*; Hymn 5; E26; E27; E28/7v19, 8r7, 9r29; E29/2v5; ~ my qry ‘days,
period’ E26/25r17, 26.
— pl. zbnÿn ‘times’ ~ prwrtw/y ‘id.’ E26/8r7; E28/1r19, 3r17, 5v26; ~ prtw ‘id.’ E27/56v31,
57r29, 102r20.
— b-zbn ‘once’ ~ yw r✏ ‘on one occasion’ E27/60r19, v25.
— b-zbn zbn ‘from time to time’ ~ b✏d b✏d ‘id.’ E27/31v12; E28.
— b-zbn ... b-zbn ... ‘at one time ... at another time ...’ ~ b✏d ... b✏d ... ‘id.’ E27/39v1f*, 111r3f*;
E28/14v7.
— d✏ zbn ‘once’ ~ [yw] r✏ ‘id.’ E28/3r15.
— km✏ zbnÿn ‘for some time’ ~ c✏f mnw ‘id.’ E28/12r12.

— ⌘lm zbn✏, lit. ‘world of time’ ~ w p✏n- mncyq fcmbd ‘temporary world’ E28/12r29f.
zdyq (√zdq) ‘righteous, righteous person’ ~ ✏rt✏w ‘id.’ Mt25.37 E5/126r*, Mt25.46 E5/127r;
Ps34.16; E27/39v6; ~ yrng✏ry ‘id.’ Ps5.13; E26/28r21; ~ yrqty ‘righteous, saint’ Ps11.7*
(rest.!); E27/40v9, 60r20; E28/12v11, 14r14.
— gbr✏ zdyq✏ ‘righteous man’ ~ zprt yrng✏ry ‘holy saint’ E26/28v10.
zdyqwt (√zdq) ‘righteousness, beneficence’ ~ ✏rt✏wy✏ ‘id.’ Lk1.75 E5/6v; E27/40v21; E28/8v1*;
~ yr✏qty✏ ‘id.’ Ps5.9*; E26/23v6(?), 28v37(?), 31r25; ~ S yr✏kty✏wy ‘id.’ Ps24.5; ≈ S yr✏kty
‘righteous’ Ps11.7* (rest.!).
— d-zdyqwt✏ ‘of righteousness’ ~ ✏rt✏wy✏mync ‘(consisting) of righteousness’ Tit3.5 E6/5r*.
— pl ✏ d-zdyqwt✏ ‘doer of righteousness’ ~ yr✏qty✏-qry ‘id.’ E26/28r15.
zdq p al act. pt. (zdq) ‘to be proper, be appropriate, be right’ ~ s✏c ‘id.’ Lk24.46 E5/83v*;
Col1.10 E32/2r; E27/31r5, 126v29; E28/5r17.
— pa el ‘to declare righteous’ ~ ✏rt✏w ✏ ty ‘to show to be righteous’ Lk16.15 E5/48v.
— etpa al ‘to be declared righteous, be justified’ ~ ✏rt✏w [b-?] ‘to be(?) righteous’ Tit3.7 E6/5v.
— See also zdyq✏, zdyqwt✏, zdq✏.
zdq (√zdq) ‘what is proper’ ~ s✏cy-mcy✏ ‘id.’ E27/102v30*; pl. zd⇤✏ ‘duties’ ~ pcyty ‘(what is)
fitting’ E28/2av17.
zhy p al pass. pt. (zh✏, zhy✏) ‘shining, splendid; honourable, reverend’ ~ rwx n- ‘light, bright’
E24c2.11; ~ (p✏)[ cn] ‘honourable’ E27/64v23.
— etpa al ‘to shine’ ~ ✏br✏zty b- ‘to be lit up’ E27/55r21.
— See also zhywt✏.
zhywt (√zhy) ‘splendour’ ~ ✏ rtqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/77v5*.
zhyrwt (√zhr) ‘vigilance’ ~ p✏tqwny ‘id.’ E27/31r6.
zhr pa el ‘to admonish’ ~ p t✏wn [wn-] ‘to make admonition’ E27/25v11.
— etp el ‘to beware, take care’ ~ p✏ty swq- ‘to be on guard’ Mt10.17 E5/75r; E27/94v8; ~ S xns
skw- ‘to stay firm’ Ps19.12*.
— See also zhyrwt✏.
zw⌥ pa el ‘to bear in honour’ ~ pr (z)pry✏q [...] ‘id.’ E27/60r5f.
— etpa al pt. (mzdy ) ‘celebrated, exalted’ ~ zpry✏qcyq ‘worthy of honour, honoured’ E26/31r8.
zwyt ‘corner, angle’ ~ *qrn✏ ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v.
zw p al ‘to shake, tremble, quake’ ~ n- ‘id.’ E23.225.
— ap el ‘to shake, disturb, excite, stir up, arouse’ ~ S [ ✏ t ↵]✏ny kwn- ‘to scatter’ Ps29.9; ~
w ry ‘to waken, arouse’ E28/8v28; ~ p ✏y ‘to throw, throw down, cast out’(!) E27/12r1. See
also Sogd. s.v. S *2n✏y.
— ettap al ‘to be shaken, tremble’ ~ wlrz ‘id.’ Lk24.38 E5/83r; Ps6.4* (rest.!).
— See also zw⌘✏, zw⌘t✏, mttzy⌘nwt✏.
zw (√zw⌘) (i) ‘earthquake’ ~ z✏y- ny ‘id.’ E20v4; (ii) ‘(mental) impulse’ ~ wyc✏mnty ‘id.’ E28/
12r21f*; ~ m✏r✏ ‘thought’ E27/31r15; E28/3r24.
zw t (√zw⌘) ‘trembling, terror’ ~ wy p- ‘id.’ E27/104r11; ~ bnwqc ‘id.’ E27/69r20*.
zyzn̈ ‘tares, thorns’ ~ sqt- ‘id.’ E27/54r26; ~ nfryty txm- ‘accursed seed’ E27/52r9(?).
zyn pa el ‘to arm’ ~ mz n ptmync ‘to clothe in armour’ E28/12v1.
zyt ‘olive’: see Sogd. s.v. *zy ✏.
zkwt (√zky) ‘victory, victoriousness’ ~ wnwnqy✏ ‘id.’ E25/1v21; E27/91r4, 108v4; ~ S
sk(r)[tky✏] ‘id.’ Ps33.0.
zky p al ‘to be victorious, overcome, conquer’ ~ S wnwny x- ‘id.’ Ps51.6; ~ wnyq wn-/qt- ‘to
conquer, take captive’ Jn16.33 E5/80r* (rest.!); ~ ✏wz✏m ‘to overcome’ E27/61v28; E28/
12r18; ~ prxw✏y ‘to tread, trample’ E28/1r13.
— pa el ‘to acquit’ ~ [n✏-p](r)tw wn- ‘to make innocent’ E27/56r5.
— See also zkwt✏.
zll etpa al pt. (mzdll) ‘contemptible’, lit. ‘light (in weight)’ ~ ryncwq-m✏ny ‘contemptible’, lit.
‘light-minded’ E28/1r22.
zmyn (√zmn) ‘invited guest’ ~ nwysty ywp✏zy ‘id.’ E26/27r15*.
zmyrt (√zmr) ‘song, psalm’: zmyrt zmyr̈t✏ ‘Song of Songs’ ~ sr✏wtyty pwsty ‘Book of Songs’
E27/102r30.
zmn pa el ‘to summon, invite’ ~ S ⌦- yr ‘to call, invoke, summon’ Ps29.0* (rest.!).
— See also zmyn✏.
zmr p al ‘to sing’ ~ sr✏w ‘id.’ E26/24r15*.
— pa el ‘to sing, sing praises’ ~ sr✏w ‘to sing’ Ps33.0*, 2; E27/60v22; ~ wbty✏ + ptwyd/ptwyst-
‘to offer praise’ E23.176f.
— See also zmyrt✏, mzmwr✏.
zn ‘manner, type’ ~ [✏dy]q ‘manner’ E28/7v22(?); ~ r✏ ‘road, way, path’ E28/1r20.
— pl. zn̈y✏ ‘types’ ~ fr nt✏ ‘id.’ E28/3r26, 12r7.
zny (→znywt✏, znyt✏) ‘lewd, unchaste’ ~ xrycyq ‘id.’ E27/102v25*.
znywt (→zny✏, znyt✏) ‘fornication’ ~ xrwny ‘id.’ Mt5.32 E5/28r*; E27/102r17, v19*, 28.
znyt (→zny✏, znywt✏) ‘fornicator, adultress, whore’ ~ xrycq ‘id.’ Mt21.31*, 32 E5/38r.
z wr ‘little, few; younger; lesser, least’ ~ qbnq ‘little, few’ E26/31v2; ~ ryncq ‘little’ E26/27v6,
32v6; ~ rystr ‘less, least’ E27/48r5; ~ q tr- ‘younger; lesser, least’ Mt25.40 E5/126v, Mt25.45
E5/127r*; E27/87v11*; E30/1r6; ~ nq ‘little’ E28/14r3* (rest.!).
— z⌘wr hymnwt✏ ‘of little faith’ ~ mnt-wrny ‘lacking faith’ Mt6.30 E1/2v.
— d✏ z⌘wrt✏ ‘one little (bit)’ ~ yw r str ✏ c ‘one least bit’ E27/68v30.
zqyp (√zqp) ‘cross’ ~ pt ng ‘id.’ E26/28v33, 30r14[m]; ~ pt ng-d✏rwq ‘wood of the cross; cross’
Mt16.24 E5/127r; E26/23v14*, 24r22*, 31r13; E28/13a12, 100A3*; ~ clyb✏ ‘cross’(!) E26/
31r21.
— qys✏ d-zqyp✏ ‘wood of the cross’ ~ pt ng-d✏rwq ‘id.’ E24c1.79f.
zqp p al ‘to crucify’ ~ pr ptcng *sxw✏y/sxwst- ‘to raise on the cross’ Lk24.20 E5/72r*;
E24c1.50.
— etp el ‘to be crucified’ ~ pt γ̈t✏ *b-/qt- ‘id.’ Rom6.6 E32/1v; ~ pr pt nq swxsty b- ‘to be raised
on the cross’ Creed 7; E27/56v8*.
— See also zqyp✏.
zr p al ‘to sow’ ~ q - ‘id.’ Lk19.21, 22 E5/125r; E27/52r9.

— etp el ‘to be sown’ ~ q ty b- ‘id.’ E28/4r21f.
— See also zr⌘✏.
zr (√zr⌘) ‘seed, grain; progeny’ ~ fng ‘grain’ E26/5v29; ~ tb✏r✏ ‘id.’(?) E26/5v17(?); ~ txm-
‘seed; progeny’ Mt13.24 E5/109v; Gal3.29 E6/3r; E27/54r27.
⌥ p ‘irruption, violence, vehemence’ ~ S w⌦-p- ‘terror, trembling’(!) Ps32.6.
⌥ r (√ rr) ‘free’ ~ ✏zty ‘id.’ E26/25r21; ~ ✏✏ztq✏m ‘exercising free will, free’ E26/28r9.
— br ✏r̈✏ ‘free’ ~ ✏zty ‘id.’ Gal3.28 E6/3r, 1Cor12.13 E6/20r; ~ [✏✏z]tp(w)✏q ‘speaking out freely,
free’(?) E26/28r9.
⌥ rwt (√ rr) ‘freedom’ ~ ✏ztwny ‘id.’ E27/57r6*; ~ ✏✏ztq✏my✏ ‘id.’ E26/25r10*.
⌥bb ap el ‘to love’ ~ fry- ny✏t ‘to hold dear’ Jn17.24, 26 E5/83r; E27/104v12*(?); E28/20r18*; ~
fry- d✏r ‘id.’ E28/109v26*.
— See also byb✏, wb✏.
⌥bw y (√ b ) ‘confinement, imprisonment’ ~ ptq✏s ‘id.’ E27/94v26.
⌥byb (√ bb) ‘dear, beloved; friend’ ~ fry- ‘dear, beloved’ Col1.13 E32/2v; E27/3r2; ~ yrxwzy
‘well-wisher, friend’ E26/27v9*; ~ br✏t ‘brother’ Col1.7 E32/2r.
⌥bl pa el ‘to destroy’ ~ swc ‘to burn, burn up’ E27/25r21f.
— etpa al ‘to perish, be destroyed’ ~ ny - ‘id.’ E27/102v21.
— See also bl✏, wbl✏, m bln✏.
⌥bl (√ bl) ‘destruction’ ≈ 2ny ‘to destroy’ E27/12r18.
⌥br (i) ‘companion, fellow’ ~ ✏mr ‘id.’ E23.78; E27/40r6, 104v13*; (ii) ‘neighbour; someone
else’ ~ w ✏my ‘foreigner, stranger’ E29/1r6.
— br✏ + hwy p al ‘to be a companion’ ~ z✏wr br- ‘to give power, assist, accompany’ E27/
69r16.
⌥b p al ‘to imprison, confine’ ~ ptqy ‘id.’ E27/25v18, 94r16; E28/3v25; ~ prqy ‘to confine’
E23.89.
— etp el ‘to be imprisoned, confined’ ~ ptqy t[y b-] ‘id.’ E27/64v28.
— See also bw y✏.
⌥g ‘assembly, company’ ~ twdy ‘heap, mass’ E27/17v4.
⌥gyr ‘lame, crippled’ ~ qwnt ‘id.’ E23.219.
⌥d, 1 d✏ (√ wd) (i) ‘one; a, a certain’ ~ yw ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 1, 2, 11; ~ ywtr ‘a single one, a
certain one, a certain person’ Mt10.29 E5/76r, Jn20.24 E5/76v; E23.260; E24c1.46, 64; E27/
1r22, 60v25, 120r9; E28/7v26*, 12v12; ~ yw yw ‘each, a single’ E28/8r12; ~ ✏dy ywtr ‘some
one, a certain person’ E26/30r19; ~ yw ✏yc ‘one thing’ Lk10.42 E5/91v; E27/14r22, 40r5f; (ii)
‘the One’ ~ yw b - ‘the one God’ E28/1v3; ~ b - ‘God’ E28/1v4.
— ✏k d, ✏k d✏, ✏yk d✏ ‘together’: see separate entry.
— d ... d ... ‘one ... one ...’ ~ yw ... dbtyq ... ‘one ... the other ...’ E27/60r2; E28/3v14*.
— d d ‘each, each one, a single’ ~ yw yw ‘id.’ E27/40r8, 14; ~ yw ywtr ‘each one’ Lk16.5
E5/48r; ~ ywtr ‘a single one, a certain one, a certain person’ E27/12r9; ~ wysp- yw yw/ywtr
‘every single (one)’ E27/40r14; E28/3r10f*; ~ wysp- yw ‘each one’ E27/54v19.
— d✏ z⌘wrt✏ ‘one little (bit)’ ~ yw r str ✏ c ‘one least bit’ E27/68v30.

— d-b- b✏ ‘Sunday’ ~ yw- mbd ‘id.’ E27/54v29.
— d km✏ ‘how much more’ ~ yw c✏f ‘id.’ Mt10.25 E5/75v (calque).
— d l- d ‘one to another’ ~ yw ndbtyqy/dbtyqy ‘id.’ Tit3.3 E6/5r; E27/77r13; ~ yw qw dbtyq s✏
‘id.’ Lk24.32 E5/72v*; ~ yw-dbtq ‘one another’ E28/20r18; ~ yw dndbtyqy ‘one with an-
other’ E28/109v25.
— d mn d ‘one from another’ ~ yw cn dbtyq ‘id.’ Mt25.32 E5/125v*.
— d ⌘m d ‘one with another’ ~ [yw d](bt)yqy prw ‘id.’ Lk2.15 E3r.
— kl d ‘each (one)’ ~ wysp- yw ‘id.’ E27/54v20; wysp- yw yw ‘every single’ E28/3r14.
— kl d d ‘every single (one)’ ~ wysp- yw yw/ywtr ‘id.’ Lk19.15 E5/125r*; 1Cor12.18 E6/
20v*; ~ wysp- yw ‘each one’ E27/40r18.
— mn d✏: see m d✏.
2
d✏, dy✏ ‘rejoicing’ = dy p al act. pt.
̈
⌥dd (√ wd) ‘one another’:
̈
— l-ḥdd✏ ‘to one another’ ~ yw ndbtyqy ‘one to another’ E27/57r16; ~ yw qw dbtyq s✏ ‘id.’ E27/
87r10.
̈
— ⌘m dd✏ ‘with one another’ ~ [yw dn dbty](q)y [prw] ‘one with another’ Jn16.19 E5/78v; ~ [...
db]t[y]✏ prw ‘[one] with another’ E27/25r16; ~ yw cn dbtyqy ‘one from another’ E27/57r17.
⌥dwt (√ dy) ‘joy’ ~ xwsnty✏ ‘id.’ E5; E27/40v11, 22, 60v24; E28/9v13, 14r13; ≈ xwsnt ‘joyful’
E28/9r6.
⌥dy p al ‘to rejoice’ ~ 2w - ‘id.’ Jn14.28 E2/1r; Jn16.20, 22 E5/79r, Jn20.20 E5/76v; E27; E28/
5v25*, 7v15; ~ ✏twx *b-/qt- ‘to be happy’ Ps5.12* (rest.!); E27/104r2; ~ xwsnt *b-/qt- ‘to
become glad’ E23.208.
— p al act. pt. ( d✏, dy✏) (+ b-) ‘delighting in, rejoicing in’ ~ q✏mnty (+ pr) ‘id.’ E26/25v16.
— pa el ‘to gladden’ ~ S ✏t(wx)[ kwn-] ‘to make happy’ Ps19.9.
— See also dwt✏.
⌥dywt (√ wd) ‘union’ ~ ẏw ̣ ẏ✏ ‘id.’ E28/14r19.
⌥d sr ‘eleven’ ~ [ywnt](s)nw Lk24.33 E5/73r.
— d- d⌘sr ‘eleventh’ ~ ywntsmyq ‘id.’ E27/55r29.
⌥dr p al ‘to go around, beg’ ~ b✏r w ‘to request alms’ Lk16.3 E5/48r.
— ap el ‘to encompass’ ~ wrs *prwy-/prwyt ‘to wrap around’ Mt21.33 E5/38r.
— See also dr✏.
⌥dr , pl. dr̈✏ (√ dr) (i) ‘surrounding area, vicinity’ ~ pry✏wr ‘id.’ E27/68r8; (ii) constr. dr, pl.
dr̈y as prep. ‘around’:
— dr ‘around’ ~ p✏y✏wr ‘id.’ E28/7r1.
— drhyn ‘around them’ ~ dywyd pry✏wr ‘in that vicinity’ E27/64v26*.
— dr̈y ‘around’ ~ [...] byqstr ‘away [from]’ E27/17v3f.
⌥dt etpa al ‘to become new’ ~ 1nwy b- ‘id.’ E27/77v17*.
— See also dt✏, wdt✏.
⌥dt (√ dt) ‘new’ ~ 1nwy ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v; Rom6.4 E32/1r*; Ps33.3; E27/61r24, 25; E28/
12v23, 20r16, 109v24.
⌥wb pa el ‘to condemn’ ~ ✏wz✏m ‘id.’ Mt20.18 E5/34v; Ps5.11; E26/31r16f*; E27/56r4*; E28/
7r12.
— See also ẅb✏, wbt✏, wyb✏, yb✏.
⌥wb (√ bb) ‘love’ ~ fryt✏t ‘id.’ 1Tim2.15 E6/18v; Col1.8 E32/2r; E26; E27; E28.
⌥ẅb (√ wb) ‘debts, sins’ ~ w✏n ‘fault, sin’ E27/68r10.
⌥wbl (√ bl) ‘destruction’ ≈ ny ny ‘destroying, destructive’ E27/12v4.
⌥wbt (√ wb) ‘debt’: ✏ r ẅbt✏ ‘bill of debts’ ~ qt✏nymync bnty-pwsty ‘bill of servitude of sin’
E26/24v23, 27*.
⌥wd pa el pass. pt. (m yd, m yd✏) ‘united (one)’ (used of monks living in a community, see BT
XII, 86) ~ swgb✏r ‘monk’ E27/48r22.
̈
— See also d, dd✏, dywt✏.
⌥wdt (√ dt) ‘renewal’ ~ (nw✏)[wy] ‘id.’ Tit3.5 E6/5r.
⌥w✏r ‘staff, rod’ ~ dstb✏ry ‘id.’ E26/8r4*; E27/60v29; E29/2r2*.
⌥wy pa el ‘to show, display, reveal, demonstrate, indicate’ ~ ✏ t✏y ‘id.’ Lk24.40 E5/83v*,
Jn20.20 E5/76v, Jn21.1 E5/80r*; Ps19.2, 3; E24c1.81, 87; E26; E27; E28.
— See also t wyt✏.
⌥wy ‘snake, serpent’ ~ qyrm- ‘id.’ Mt10.16 E5/75r; E27/51v12; E28/9r21*; E30/4v15.
⌥wyb (√ wb)‘condemnation’ ~ ✏wzm ‘id.’ E28/12r6.
⌥wlmn (√ lm) ‘healing’ ~ wqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/9v30.
⌥wsy (√ sy) ‘absolution’ ~ prm✏nty✏ ‘id.’ E26/24v19*; E27/65r28*.
⌥wsrn (√ sr) ‘diminution, lack’ ≈ qmpy ✏ys ‘to become less, diminish’ E27/94v19; ≈ qmpy
‘less’ E27/94v19*.
1
⌥wr p al ‘to look, look for, look at, observe, regard, consider’ ~ tqw ‘to look, observe; look
(forward)’ E23.224; E26/31r15; E27; E28/7v3, 12v13, 14v5; ~ 2prwyd ‘to look for, seek’
E27/22v8; ~ 2wyn ‘to see’ E27/94v7*; E28/9v11; ~ 2d✏r ‘to have, hold; treat (as), consider
(as)’ E27/55v17.
2
⌥wr p al ‘to become white’ ~ spyty b- ‘id.’ Mt17.2 E5/127v.
— See also wr✏.
⌥wr (√2 wr) ‘white, bright’ ~ spyty ‘id.’ E27/57r6.
⌥wrb (√ rb) ‘desert, wilderness’ ~ dx t- ‘id.’ Mt24.26 E5/51r, Lk1.80 E5/6v; E28/4r26.
⌥wrq (√ rq) ‘gnashing’: wrq n✏ ‘gnashing of teeth’ ~ dnt - q✏f✏ ‘id.’ E27/68v4.
⌥w b (√ b) ‘thought, thinking’ ~ m✏r✏ ‘id.’ E27; E28.
— w bẅhy d-hwn✏ ‘thoughts of the mind’ ~ m✏n ‘mind’ E26/32r1*.
⌥zw (√ zy) ‘vision, apparition, revelation’ ~ f ys ‘vision, apparition’ E27/64r22*; ~
wyn✏wcyqy✏ ‘vision, revelation’ E24c3.2; ~ wyn✏mnty ‘sight, vision, appearance’ Jn5.37 E5/
41v*; ~ wyd✏s wnqy✏ ‘marvel, wonder’ E36/2r8.
̈
— zy p al + ḥzw✏ ‘to see visions’ ≈ f s-wynn ‘seer of visions’ E27/60r5.
⌥zwqy (√ zq) ‘departure’ ≈ ny - ‘to depart’ E28/12v4.
⌥zy p al ‘to see’ ~ 2wyn ‘id.’ NT+; ~ tqw ‘to look, regard, observe’ E24c1.52; E28/10r23; ~
w n *b-/qt- ‘to become able to see’ Jn9.18 E5/100v; ≈ wyn✏mnty ‘sight’ E28/2ar17.
̈
— zy p al + ḥzw✏ ‘to see visions’ ≈ f s-wynn ‘seer of visions’ E27/60r5.
— etp el (i) ‘to be seen’ ~ wyt[y b-] ‘id.’ E26/23v3(?); ~ wyt b- ‘can be seen’ Col1.15 E32/2v;
Creed 1 (x2); ~ 3 sg. pres. mid. w nt ‘is seen’ E27/54v26*; ~ 3 sg. itr. pret. w t ‘was seen’
E27/5v29; ~ 3 sg. ⇠z-impf. dur. wyn✏sq ‘used to be seen’ (or ‘one used to see’) E25/1r14; ~ 3
pl. pres. wynnt ‘they see’ E27/31r13 (mistake?); (ii) ‘to appear’ ~ wyn✏ncyq b-/*qt- ‘to
become visible’ E27/54v28, 57r27, 60v6; E28/5v15; ~ wyn✏wcyq *b-/qt- ‘id.’ Lk2.13 E3r*
(rest.!); Mt17.3 E5/127v, Lk24.34 E5/73r*; E23.115; E26/32v5*; (iii) ‘to seem, seem right’ ~
d✏t syd ‘id.’ Lk1.3 E4*; Lk10.36 E5/91r.
— etp el + l- (i) ‘to appear to’ ≈ 2wyn ‘to see’ E28/9r25; (ii) ‘to become able to see’ (impersonal
construction) ~ w n *b-/qt- ‘id.’ Jn9.11*, 15, 15* E5/100r; E23.153.
— See also zw✏, zy✏, zt✏.
⌥zy (√ zy) ‘spectator’ ~ wynny ‘id.’ E27/69v15.
⌥zyrn (month name) ‘⇡zir⇠n’: see Sogd. s.v. ⇣zyrn.
⌥zq p al ‘to go away’ ~ xyr ‘to go, go away’ Mt21.33 E5/38r.
— See also zwqy✏.
⌥zt (√ zy) ‘sight, view’ ~ 1wyn ‘id.’ E27/61v23; ~ wyn✏mnty ‘sight, vision, appearance’ E27/
57v7, 77v9*; E28.
̈
ḥ ✏ ‘wheat’: see t✏.
⌥✏ḧ (√ y) ‘sins’ ~ w✏n ‘fault, sin’ E5; E18v8*; E27/31v5, 29, 57v3; E28/5r21, 7r9, 17v4; ~
qt✏ny ‘sin’ Col1.14 E32/2v; Ps32.5, 51.5; E26.
— d- ḧ✏ ‘of sins’ ~ qt✏nymync ‘sinful’ E26/27r10, v27*.
— bwq✏ d- ḧ✏ ‘remover of sins’ ~ w✏ny prm✏nty✏-qryny ‘forgiver of sin’ E18v8.
⌥✏wp (√ p) ‘rapacious, ravenous’ ≈ yq - ‘fiend’ E27/12r2.
⌥✏y p al ‘to sin’ ~ w✏n wn- ‘to commit sin’ E28/1r5; ~ S k(t)[✏ny *kwn-/kt-] ‘id.’ Ps51.1-2; ~ S
w✏nkry x- ‘to be a sinner’ Ps51.6.
— See also ḧ✏, y✏, yt✏.
⌥✏y (√ y) ‘sinful, sinner’ ~ qt✏nyq✏ry ‘id.’ E5; Ps50.16*; E27; E28; ~ w✏nqry ‘id.’ E27/27r7,
v26; ~ nt✏qry ‘evil-doing, wicked, sinful’ E27/12r12*; ≈ qt✏ny ‘sin’ E26/31v11.
⌥✏yt (√ y) ‘sin, sinning, sinfulness’ ~ qt✏ny ‘sin’ Jn1.29 E5/19v; Rom6.6 E32/1v*; Ps6.1; ~
w✏n ‘fault, sin’ E27/48r14, 102r20; E28.
— d- yt✏ ‘of sin’ ~ qt✏nyq✏ry ‘sinful’ E23.287; ~ qt✏nymync ‘id.’ Rom6.6 E32/1v*; E26/24r36,
28r8, 12f*.
— ql yt✏ ‘removing sin’ ~ prm✏nty✏-qryny ‘forgiver’ E18r11.
⌥✏p p al ‘to snatch, seize’ ~ fcmrz ‘id.’ Mt13.19 E5/109r*; E25/1r20; E27/12r3*, 87v13; E28/
3r4.
— See also wp✏.
̈
⌥✏t , pl. ḥ ✏ ‘wheat’ ~ ntm ‘id.’ Lk16.7 E5/48r.
1
⌥ÿ (√ yy) (i) ‘life’ ~ w✏n ‘id.’ E23A8; E27; E28; ~ wnt✏pty ‘lifetime’ E28/9v9; ~ ryw ‘self,
person, soul’ E27/7r30*(?), 13r28; (ii) ‘(eternal) life’ ~ nw c/nw⌫✏ w✏n ‘eternal life’ Mt19.17
E2/2v*; E5; Tit3.7 E6/5v*; Rom6.4 E32/1r; E27; E28/8v16.
— d- ÿ✏ ‘of life’ ~ ✏ ✏wny ‘vivifying, life-giving’ E27/12v18; ~ nw y- w✏nmync ‘of eternal life’
E26/25r24.
2
⌥y (√ yy) ‘dew’ (see Schwartz in BT XXXII, 43) ~ S nmpy ‘id.’ Ps23.5.
3
⌥y (√ yy) ‘living, alive’ ~ wnty ‘id.’ Lk24.23 E5/72r; Creed 10.
⌥yb (√ wb) ‘debtor’ (as noun) ~ pwrc✏wnt ‘debtor’ Lk16.5 E5/48r.
— abs. yb, pl. ybyn (as adj.) ‘owing, indebted; obliged, under an obligation’ ~ ptyqn ‘id.’
Lk16.5, 7 E5/48r; E28/5r28*.
⌥ywt (√ yy) ‘animal, beast’ ~ nx yr ‘id.’ E27/83r11*.
⌥yy p al ‘to live’ ~ w- ‘id.’ Mt10.22 E5/75v, Jn5.25 E5/41r; 1Tim2.15 E6/18v; E27/66v17,
68r23, 69v25; E28/7r9; ~ nw⌫✏ w✏n pc ✏z ‘to receive eternal life’ Rom6.8 E32/1v; ~ wnty b-
‘to be alive’ Rom6.2 E32/1r* (rest.!); ~ myr- + neg. ‘not to die’ E27/69v10.
— ap el ‘to cause to live, give life to, revivify’ ~ ✏ ✏w ‘id.’ Mt16.25 E5/127r*; Tit3.5 E6/5r; E27/
60r18, 32.
— See also 1 ÿ✏, 2 y✏, 3 y✏, ywt✏, m yn✏.
⌥yl etpa al ‘to become strong’ ~ z✏wrqyn b- ‘id.’ Lk1.80 E5/6v; E27/61r23.
— etpa al pt. (mt yl) ‘strengthened’ ~ t✏wnty ‘strong, mighty’ E25/1v16.
— See also yl✏, yltn✏.
̈
⌥yl , pl. ÿlwt✏, ḥyl✏ (√ yl) (i) ‘strength, power, might, force’ ~ z✏wr ‘id.’ E24c1.42; E27;
E28/7v10*, 10v28; E29/1r9; (ii) ‘host, army’ ~ sp✏d ‘army’ E24c1.24; E27/13v30, 87r6*; ~
sp✏dy✏nt ‘soldiers’ Lk2.13 E3r* (rest.!); E26/31r15; E27/40v15; E28/5v19; ~ qrtr ‘host’
E33A4*; ~ s✏n ‘enemy’ E24c1.20. See also Sogd. s.v. *⇣yl✏.
⌥yltn , f. yltnyt✏ (√ yl) ‘strong, powerful, mighty’ ~ z✏wrqyn ‘id.’ 1Cor1.27 E6/12v*; Ps24.10*;
E18r5*; E26/23v26, 30v26; E27/12v14; ~ *z✏wrwty(?)‘id.’ E26/30r12.
— ✏gwns ✏ yltn✏ ‘mighty champion’ ~ fwx✏r ‘blessed’ E27/87r9.
⌥kym (√ km) ‘wise, knowledgeable’ ~ rb✏q ‘id.’ Mt10.16 E5/75r, Lk12.42 E5/130v; 1Cor1.27
E6/12v; E27/31r11, v4, 102r25; E30/4r10*, 5r2*, 6; ~ rb✏q-str ‘wiser, wisest’ Lk16.8 E5/48r;
1Cor1.25 E6/12r*; ~ zprt ‘pure, holy’(!) E30/4r2*.
⌥kym yt (√ km) ‘wisely’ ~ rb✏q- wn ‘id.’ Lk16.8 E5/48r.
⌥km p al ‘to know’ ~ rb- ‘id.’ E27/102v18, 111v5*.
— etpa al ‘to become wise’ ≈ nyx ‘profound; learned, wise’ E30/4r3.
— See also kym✏, kym✏yt, kmt✏.
⌥kmt (√ km) ‘wisdom, knowledge’ ~ rb✏qy✏ ‘id.’ 1Cor1.24 E6/12r; Col1.9 E32/2r*; E27/
31r24, 61r21; E28/12v1, 14v16.
— qn̈yy md⌘✏ w- kmt✏ ‘(those) who have acquired understanding and knowledge’ ~ rb✏qt ✏t
ptbst t ‘the wise and sensible’ E27/31r17.
⌥l , ly✏ (→ lywt✏) ‘sweet, sweeter’ ~ S nmry-str ‘sweeter’ Ps19.11.
⌥ld ap el ‘to insert’ ~ 1tbr- ‘id.’ E27/60v6.

⌥lwl ‘(wedding) feast’ ~ b ✏ny pqty ‘wedding, marriage (feast)’ E26/27r14*.
⌥l✏ etpa al ‘to be mixed’ ~ wry ty b- ‘id.’ E28/14r22; ~ past inf. ptryst ‘id.’ E27/31v18.
— See also m l ✏yt.
ly✏ ‘sweet’: see l✏.
⌥lywt (→ l✏) ‘sweetness’ ~ n✏mr✏wy ‘id.’ E27/31v19; ~ zb✏b ‘taste, flavour’ E28/4v22.
⌥ly ‘strong, valiant, strenuous’ ~ yr- ‘good, excellent’ E27/68r2; ~ ✏m ‘fine, noble, excellent’
E26/24r27.
⌥ll ‘cave, tunnel’ ~ mwry✏ ‘tunnel’ E26/24r21*.
⌥lm ap el ‘to heal’ ~ wq *wn-/qt- ‘to make whole’ E23.221.
— etp el ‘to be cured’ ~ py✏ms- ‘id.’ E27/66v11; ~ *py✏m✏ty [b-/qt-] ‘id.’ E27/3r11*, v2*; ≈
2
py✏m ‘to heal, cure’ E27/3r10.
— See also wlmn✏.
⌥lm ‘dream’ ~ xwbn- ‘sleep, dream’ E26/24v18; E29/3r20.
1
⌥lp etpa al ‘to be changed’ ~ pcywfs- ‘id.’ E27/31v15.
— ⇥ap el ‘to change’, e⇥tap al ‘to be changed’: see lp.
— See also 2 lp, lpwt✏(?), t lwp✏.
2
⌥lp (i) ‘instead of, in place of, on behalf of, for’ ~ pcrw ‘id.’ Mt5.38 E5/28v (x2), Jn9.21 E5/
100v; 1Cor5.7 E6/7r; Col1.7 E32/2r*; E27/64r21*; E36/2r3; (ii) ‘on account of, because of’ ~
cn ... pyd✏r ‘id.’ E26/25r19, v9*, 31v14f; E28/2ar20*(?), 9v14; ≈ S cywy py ✏r m✏t ‘because’
(conj.) Ps29.0*.
— lpy ‘for my sake’ ~ c✏m✏ pyd✏r ‘id.’ E28/5v14*.
⌥lpwt (√ lp?) ‘impiety’(?)4 ~ rytry✏ ‘decline, damage, evil, harm’ E27/102v26.
⌥l (→ l wt✏) ‘weak, frail’ ~ nyz✏wr ‘weak’ E27/12v16*, 13v20*, 27r6*.
⌥l wt (→ l ✏) ‘weakness’: l wty ‘my weak self’ (lit. ‘my weakness’) ~ [mn✏ ]nyz✏wr ryw ‘id.’
E27/27r29.
⌥mymwt ‘heat’ ~ rm✏wy ‘id.’ E27/31v28.
⌥myr (→2 mr✏) ‘leaven, yeast’ ~ m✏dn ‘id.’ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r (x3).
⌥my y ‘fifth’ ~ pncmyq ‘id.’ E27/27v15*.
1
⌥mr ‘donkey’ ~ xr- ‘id.’ Lk10.34 E5/91r.
2
⌥mr (→ myr✏) ‘wine’ ~ mdw ‘id.’ Lk10.34 E5/91r*, Jn2.10 E5/21v; E27/57r18; E29/3r2.
⌥m , m ✏ ‘five’ ~ pnc ‘id.’ Lk19.18, 19 E5/125r.
— m ✏ m ✏ ‘five each’ ~ pnc pnc ‘id.’ E27/68v9.
— m ✏ ✏lpÿn ‘five thousand’ ~ z✏r z✏r ‘thousands’(!) E26/31v4.
⌥m yn ‘fifty’ ~ pnc✏s ‘id.’ Lk16.6 E5/48r.
— d- m yn w- d✏ ‘fifty-first’ ~ S [51-my](k) ‘id.’ Ps51.0.
⌥m sr ‘fifteen’ ~ pnc✏ts ‘id.’ E23.114, 171; E47A17*.
⌥mt etpa al ‘to be furious’ ~ yp✏qbr b- ‘to be angry’ E27/22v2; ≈ yp✏q ‘anger’ E27/69r11.
4
It is not clear how lpwt✏ was understood in this quotation from Isaiah 32.6. ThesSyr, 1289, translates it as
‘impiety’ (cf. npwt✏?), while SyrLex, 460a, gives ‘fickleness, irreverence’.
— See also mt✏.

⌥mt (√ mt) ‘fury’ ~ yp✏q ‘anger’ E27/120r6; ~ S ẓ-wy ‘threat’ Ps6.2.
⌥nyg ‘pitiful’ ~ z✏ry ‘id.’ E27/12r6.
1
⌥nn, ✏n nn, -nn (i) ‘we’ ~ 1m✏x ‘id.’ NT+; (ii) (used as copula) ~ x- ‘to be’ Jn9.28 E5/101r;
E24c1.83.
2
⌥nn p al ‘to have pity’ ~ prm✏nty✏ wn- ‘to forgive’ E27/94r3.
— See also 1 nn✏, 2 nn✏.
1
⌥nn (√2 nn) ‘mercy’ ~ z✏rcnwqy✏ ‘id.’ Lk1.72 E5/6r; ~ prm✏nty✏ ‘forgiveness, absolution’
E24c1.75*; ≈ z✏rcnwq ‘merciful’ Lk1.78 E5/6v.
2
⌥nn (√2 nn) ‘merciful’ ~ z✏rcnwq ‘id.’ E27/27v3*.
⌥np ‘gentile, pagan, heathen’ ~ rmq✏n ‘id.’ E23.257*, 259; E27/55v15; E28/10r20, 26.
— d- n̈p✏ ‘of the heathen’ ~ rmq✏n-mync ‘heathen’ E26/30v18.
⌥nq p al or pa el ‘to strangle, suffocate’ ~ ✏wdy ‘id.’ E28/65v4.
⌥s ‘God forbid!’ ~ n✏bxt, lit. ‘(May it) not (be) fated!’ Rom6.2 E32/1r. See also Sogd. s.v. ⇣s.
⌥sy pa el pass. pt. (m sy) ‘absolved’ ~ 1pw- w✏n ‘without sin, absolved’ E26/24v32.
— etpa al ‘to be absolved’ ~ py✏ms- ‘to be healed’ E26/27v16.
— See also wsy✏.
⌥syn ‘strong, mighty’ ~ t✏wnty ‘id.’ E27/60v31; ~ t✏wnty ✏rpsty ‘strong (and) mighty’ E29/4r13.
⌥syr (√ sr) ‘lacking’: syr✏ + r⌘yn✏ ‘having little understanding’ ~ mnt-m✏ny ‘mindless, unthink-
ing’ Lk24.25 E5/72r*; E27/108r5*.
⌥syrwt (√ sr) ‘lack’: syrwt hymnwt✏ ‘lack of faith’ ~ ṃ̇nt-[wrnqy✏] ‘id.’ Rom11.23 E6/6v.
⌥sk p al ‘to hold back’ ~ pcxw✏y ‘to withhold, prevent, hinder’ E27/65r25.
⌥sm ‘envy, jealousy’ ~ [mn](g) ‘id.’ Tit3.3 E6/5r.
⌥sr p al (i) ‘to fail, diminish’ ~ psyd- ‘id.’ E27/94v21; (ii) ‘to suffer loss, lose’ ~ yp (...) wn-
‘to make a loss’ Mt16.26 E5/127r* (rest.!); E27/102v20.
— See also wsrn✏, syr✏, syrwt✏.
⌥p✏ p al pass. pt. ( py ) ‘assiduous’ ~ ✏xwd✏wn ✏t ftnty ‘assiduous and enthusiastic’ E28/12r28.
— etpa al ‘to be diligent, strive’ ~ ✏xwd✏wny✏ wn- ‘id.’ E27/4r3*(?).
— See also py wt✏.
⌥py✏wt (√ p ) ‘diligence’ ~ ✏xwd✏wny✏ ‘id.’ E27/104r10*; E28/5r30.
1
⌥pr p al ‘to dig’ ~ qn- ‘id.’ Mt21.33 E5/38r; ~ mr✏z w- ‘to go (as) a labourer’ Lk16.3 E5/48r.
— See also pr✏.
2
⌥pr p al or ap el ‘to blush, be ashamed’ ~ ym- ‘id.’ E27/111v4*.
⌥pr (√1 pr) ‘pit, grave’ ~ z✏y-qnty ‘id.’ E27/68v9; ~ bwn ‘hole, pit, cave’ E27/68v10.
⌥ (i) ‘hip, waist’ ~ myd✏n ‘middle, waist’ Lk12.35 E5/13; (ii) ‘back’ ~ [pr]c ‘id.’ E27/111r3.
⌥ d p al ‘to reap’ ~ rwp ‘id.’ Lk19.21, 22 E5/125r.
⌥ p ‘earthenware’ ~ sfsqnt ‘id.’ E29/4r14, 17.
⌥rb p al or ap el ‘to devastate’ ~ qsqnty qwn- ‘to lay waste’ E24c1.21.
— See also wrb✏, rbt✏.
⌥rb (i) ‘sword’ ~ x r ‘id.’ E27/68v6, 87r17; (ii) ‘war’ ~ ✏x✏s ‘id.’ E26/5v11.
⌥rbt (√ rb) ‘wasteland’ ~ qtsqnty ‘id.’ E27/83v8*; E28/4v24.

⌥rwr̈ (√ rr) ‘freedom, manumission’: ✏ r rwr̈✏ ‘bill of manumission’ ~ ✏✏zty-pwsty ‘id.’ E26/
24v13*, 28r2*.
⌥ry etp el ‘to quarrel’ ~ pt y- ‘id.’ E27/120r3.
— See also ryn✏.
⌥ryn (√ ry) ‘dispute’ ~ pt y✏mc ‘quarrel’ E27/14v17; ~ pc✏w✏ ‘quarrel, strife’ E26/5v29.
⌥ryp ‘sharp, swift’ ~ tr - ‘id.’ E27/68v4.
⌥rk etpa al ‘to be singed’ ~ pr wty b- ‘id.’ E27/91r6.
⌥rq pa el ‘to sharpen, gnash (the teeth)’ ~ ✏ wrd ‘id.’ E28/7r17.
— See also wrq✏.
⌥rr pa el pt. (m rr) ‘free’ ~ ✏zty ‘id.’ E26/24v10* (rest.!).
— etpa al ‘to be freed’ ~ ✏zty + b-/*qt- ‘to become free’ Rom6.7 E32/1v* (rest.!); E28/4v21,
5r21, 26.
— See also ✏r✏, ✏rwt✏, rwr̈✏.
1
⌥r ‘deaf, dumb’ ~ qrn ‘deaf’ E23.13.
2
⌥r (→3 r̈ ✏, r wt✏) ‘sorcerer, magician’ ~ y✏twq ‘id.’ E23.80*; E27/22v4, 65v25*; E28/27v22.
3
⌥r̈ (→2 r ✏, r wt✏) ‘sorceries, magic spells’ ~ y✏tqwny ‘sorcery, magic’ E27; ~ y✏twqy✏ ‘id.’
E27/23r26.
⌥r wt (→2 r ✏, 3 r̈ ✏) ‘sorcery, magic, witchcraft’ ~ y✏tqwny ‘id.’ E27/40v7; ~ y✏twqy✏ ‘id.’
E23A10.
⌥rt ‘end’ (√✏ r) ~ 1✏y✏m ‘id.’ Mt10.22 E5/75v*, Mt21.29, 32 E5/38r; E27/12r20*(?); ≈ ✏y✏mcyq
‘final, last’ E26/31r6.
⌥ (√ ) (i) ‘pain, suffering’ ~ b ✏xwty✏ ‘suffering, pain, distress’ Hymn 7; E26/24v11,
30r14[m]; E27/60v18, 104r1, 7; E28/5v29*, 7v20; ~ ✏ntwxc ‘grief, distress’ E26/31v33; ~
p✏tfr✏s ‘punishment’ E27/6v1(?), 27v18(?); (ii) ‘the Passion (of Christ)’ ~ b ✏xwty✏
pc [✏z✏mnt]( ) lit. ‘reception of pain’ E27/55r19; ~ x nyrq ‘sign’(!) E26/31r24; (iii) ‘passion’
~ nyzb✏ny ‘id.’ E27/40v19*; E28.
— ✏ ⌧rwp✏ d-krywt✏ ‘astringent pain of distress’ ~ ✏ntwxc ‘sorrow, distress’ E27/31v1.
⌥ b p al ‘to count, reckon, consider’ ~ pcmr- ‘id.’ E27/91v11; E28/27v21*.
— p al pass. pt. ( yb) ‘to be considered (important)’ ≈ 1✏bynt ‘occupation, practice; concern,
worry’ E26/30r36*; + neg. ‘inconsiderable, trivial’ ~ n✏-pcm✏rcyq ‘id.’ E28/14r9.
— etp el ‘to be accounted’ ~ pcmrty b-/qt- ‘id.’ E28/3v16, 7r14.
— etpa al (i) ‘to think’ ~ m✏r ‘id.’ Lk1.66 E5/6r; E23.92, 105; E27/60r20*, 66r1*; E28/27v30;
~ myn- ‘id.’ E27/77r15*; (ii) ‘to intend’ ~ 1q✏m ‘to want, wish’ E27/87v7.
— See also w b✏, m bt✏.
⌥ wk (√ k) ‘dark, darkness’ (adj. and noun) ~ t✏ry ‘id.’ Mt6.23 E1/2r; Mt10.27 E5/75v, Lk1.79
E5/6v; E24c1.27; E26/23v5; E27/40v15, 94r22 (x2); E28/4v24, 109v29; ≈ t✏rymync ‘dark’
E24c2.21.
— byt ẅk✏ ‘place of darkness’ ~ t✏rqwny ‘darkness’ E27/126r30.
— d- wk✏ ‘of darkness’ ~ t✏rymync ‘dark, of darkness’ Col1.13 E32/2v.
⌥ w (√ ) ‘subject to the passions’ ~ nyzb✏ny-n✏q ‘id.’ E28/12r22.

⌥ ⌥ p al ‘to be necessary’ ~ w✏ncyq x-/m✏t ‘id.’ E26/27r24*; + neg. ‘to be unnecessary’ ~ n✏-
w✏ncyq b- ‘id.’ E28/12r14.
— etpa al ‘to make use of’ ~ wry d✏r ‘to devote oneself to’ E28/12r19, 14r27*.
— See also t✏.
⌥ ⌥t (√ ) ‘what is necessary, necessity’ ~ w✏ncyqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/57v3; E28/12v28, 14v14.
yb ‘considered’ = b p al pass. pt.
⌥ y (√ ) ‘grieved, sad, unhappy’ ~ ✏ntwxcn✏q ‘id.’ E27/12r15.
⌥ k p al ‘to become dark’ ~ t✏ry b- ‘id.’ Lk24.29 E5/72v.
— See also wk✏, k✏.
⌥ k (√ k) ‘darkness’ ~ t✏rqwny ‘id.’ E27/31r9.
⌥ l p al ‘to devise, contrive’ ~ ny yc ‘id.’ E27/102v26.
⌥ m ap el ‘to eat supper’ ~ x ✏m *xwr-/xwrt ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v.
— See also myt✏.
⌥ myt (√ m) ‘supper’ ~ x ✏m ‘id.’ E26/31v7.
⌥ p al ‘to suffer’ ~ b ✏xwty✏ pc ✏z ‘to receive pain’ Lk24.46 E5/83v; Creed 7; E28/9v13*
(rest.!); ~ b ✏xwq b- ‘to be unhappy’ E28/7v17*.
— ap el ‘to pain, sadden’ ≈ b ✏xwq x- ‘to be unhappy’ E27/31v5f.
— See also ✏, w ✏, y ✏.
̈
⌥t , pl. ✏ḥwt✏ (→✏ ✏, ✏ wt✏) ‘sister’ ~ 1xw✏r ‘id.’ Lk10.39, 40 E5/91r; E24c3.10; E27/68v19; E28/
27r16, 22; ~ swgb✏r✏nc ‘nun’ E26/28v12*, 29v11*.
̈
— pl. ✏ḥwt✏ ‘sisters’ ~ swqbr✏ t xw✏ry t ‘sister nuns’ E26/28v5.
⌥tm p al ‘to seal; to sign (with the sign of the Cross)’ ~ t✏p ‘id.’ E23.276* (rest.!); E27/77r12.
— See also tm✏, m tmn✏.
⌥tm (√ tm) ‘seal, sign, symbol’ ~ t✏py ‘id.’ E27/26r21.
⌥tn (→ tnwt✏) ‘bridegroom’ ~ b ✏nyp ‘id.’ Jn2.9 E5/21v*; Ps19.6.
⌥tnwt (→ tn✏) ‘betrothal, wedding’ ~ z✏mty✏ ‘id.’ E27/57r12.
✏ b ( wb) p al ‘to be good’ ~ yr- *b-/qt- ‘id.’ E27/120r10.
— See also 1 b, 2 b, b✏yt, bt✏, ẅb✏, wbn✏, wbtn✏, ybwt✏.
✏ b (= 2 b✏) (√ bb) ‘news, report, rumour’ ~ w ‘id.’ E27/60r26.
1
✏b, 1 b✏ (√ ✏b) (i) ‘good; good or virtuous (person)’ ~ yr- ‘good’ Lk2.14 E3r; E5; Ps19.11*,
34.15; E27/54r27, 61v28, 94r4; ~ yrqty ‘righteous, saint’ Lk19.17 E5/125r*; Ps34.9; Hymn
7; E28/1r8, 8r17; ~ ✏rt✏w ‘righteous’ E28/1r11; (ii) ‘better’ ~ frtr ‘id.’ E27/120v2; E28/2ar13;
̈
E30/6v3.—For f. bt✏, pl. bt✏ see separate entry.
— b mn ‘rather than’ ~ c✏nw ‘than’ E30/6v5.
2
✏b (√ ✏b) ‘very, very much’ ~ yr ‘id.’ E27/60v28, 87r8; E28/12v23; ~ S ⌦- w ‘id.’ Ps6.4*.
— hkn✏ b q y✏yt ‘so very sorely’ ~ w✏- w t ‘so sorely’ E27/104r3.
— b ⌘myq✏ ‘very deep’ ~ [w✏]-nywq(s)t ‘id.’ E27/23v20f.
2
b✏ ‘news’: see ✏b✏.
✏b yt (√ ✏b) ‘well’ ~ yrw ‘id.’ E26/26v22*, 31v17.
✏bb ap el ‘to proclaim’ ~ w w✏c ‘to send news’ E27/68r3*(?).

— See also ✏b✏.
✏b pa el ‘to immerse, drown’ ~ †sdxwr[s]n (unclear, see Sogd. s.v.) E27/108r5.
✏bt (√ ✏b) ‘benefit’ ~ p✏cr✏t ‘reward’ E27/68r13.
̈
— pl. bt✏ ‘good (things); goodness, kindness’ ~ yryt ✏ t/✏ ct ‘good things’ Jn5.29 E5/41r; E27/
61v28; ~ 3 yry ‘(what is) good, good things’ E27/7v28; E28/1r9, 7v14; ~ yr✏qty✏ ‘goodness’
E27/57v2; ≈ z✏rcnwqry ‘merciful’ E18r7f.
wb ‘to prepare’: see yb.
✏ẅb (√ ✏b) ‘blessings (upon ...)’ ≈ fwx✏r ‘blessed’ Lk12.43 E5/130v; E28/9r29*.
— wbÿhwn ‘Blessed are they’: see Sogd. s.v. twbyhwn.
✏wbn (√ ✏b) ‘blessed, blessed one, saint’, f. wbnyt✏ ~ fwx✏r ‘blessed’ E27/48r21, 65r30; ~ fwx✏r
✏dy/my y ‘blessed person, saint’ E26/30r15*; E27/68v23, 69v16; E28/5r27*, 7r4; ~ yrqty
‘righteous, saint’ E23; E24c1.16, c2.6, 14; E29/8r8; ~ yrng✏ry ‘righteous, saint’ E26/27v10,
28v1*; ~ zprt ✏dy ‘holy one, saint’ E27/27r14; ~ ptr- ‘father’ E28/65v5; ~ swgb✏r✏nc ‘nun’
E26/28v4(?).
✏wbtn (√ ✏b) ‘blessed’ ~ fwx✏r ‘id.’ E27/57v5*.
✏wks ‘arrangement, order, ordinance, regulation’ ~ pts✏q ‘id.’ E28/12r3, 9.—Cf. ks✏.
✏w yy (√ ⌘y) ‘deception, error’ ~ fn✏s ‘id.’ E24c2.22; E27/31v10, 52r15(?).
✏wps ‘example, symbol’ ~ ✏dysn ‘example’ E27/57r6; ~ t✏py ‘seal, sign, symbol’ E27/77r13.
✏wr ‘mountain’ ~ r- ‘id.’ Mt17.1 E5/127v*, Lk1.65 E5/6r, Lk6.12 E5/91v; Ps24.3 (x2); E26/
24r17; E29/1v9.
✏wrp ‘vexation, misery’ ~ b ✏xwty✏ ‘suffering, pain, distress, misery’ E26/31v.
✏w p al ‘to smear’ ~ d✏w ‘id.’ Jn9.11 E5/100r.
✏yb ( wb) pa el ‘to prepare’ ~ pr t✏y ‘id.’ Lk1.76 E5/6v; E27/54v20, 68v8.
— pa el pass. pt. (m yb) ‘to be prepared, be ready’ ~ p t✏ty b- ‘to be prepared’ E27/60r29; ~
✏m✏ty x- ‘to be ready’ Mt25.41 E5/126v; E27/39v13*.
— etpa al ‘to be ready’ ~ ✏m✏ty swq- ‘id.’ E23.210f.
✏ybwt (√ ✏b) (i) ‘goodness, favour, grace’ ~ yr✏qty✏ ‘id.’ Tit3.7 E6/5v; Ps5.8*, 51.3*; E25/1v16;
E26/24r37; E27; E28/1r14, 8r19*; ~ b ✏nyq yr✏qty✏ ‘divine Grace’ E27/57r3, 61r22f, 83r2;
E28/1r21, 3r22f* (etc.); ~ z✏rcnwqy✏ ‘mercy’ E26/27v24*, 28r29f* (rest.!); ~ 3 yry ‘(what is)
good, goodness’ E27/13r19; (ii) ‘thanksgiving’ (or qwbl ybwt✏ ‘id.’) ~ bzn-brqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/
57v13(?).
— d- ybwt✏ ‘of grace’ ~ yrqty ‘gracious, righteous’ E28/3r26.
✏ym ‘value, price’ ~ xry✏wny ‘id.’ E26/25r12*.
✏yn ‘mud, clay’ ~ ryq ‘id.’ Jn9.11*, 14, 15 E5/100r.
✏k ‘perhaps, perchance’ ~ db✏t ‘id.’ E27/69r15.
✏ks ‘arrangement, order, ordinance, regulation’ ~ pts✏q ‘id.’ E27/54v23, 55r30; E28/3v7.—Cf.
wks✏.
✏ly , abs. l✏ (i) ‘young, younger’ ~ qncystr ‘younger’ E27/87v1*; ~ q tr- ‘younger’ E27/87v18*;
(ii) ‘child, boy’ ~ z✏q ‘id.’ E23.153, 230, 242; E26/25v7; E29/8v9; ~ z✏ty ‘son’ E23.139;
E26/25v9, 19; ~ ryncq ‘child’ Lk1.66 E5/6r, Lk1.76 E5/6v, Lk1.80 E5/6v; Gal4.1 E6/3v;
E24c1.83; E27/69v17; ~ qncq ‘id.’ E27/126v26; ~ ✏ryncq z✏q ‘little child’ E29/8v9.
— f. lyt✏ ‘girl’ ~ z✏q✏nc ‘id.’ E27/12r10.
✏ll ap el ‘to cover, overshadow’ ~ ✏ wnt ‘id.’ Mt17.5 E5/127v.
— See also ll✏, m ll✏.
✏ll (√ ll) ‘shadow’ ~ sy✏q ‘id.’ Lk1.79 E5/6v.
✏lq etpa al ‘to fail, disappear’ ~ p w - ‘to dry up’ E27/22v14.
✏m , m✏✏ ‘unclean, impure’ ~ mntzprt ‘id.’ E27/102r19, 26.
✏mr p al ‘to hide, bury’ ~ ✏ yp ‘to bury’ E26/25r15* (rest.!).
— p al pass. pt. ( myr) ‘buried’ ~ p prty ‘trampled, buried’ E26/28r4*.
1
✏nn (→2 nn✏) ‘zeal’ ~ ✏rsq ‘id.’ E26/24r31*.
2
✏nn (→1 nn✏) ‘zealous, zealot’, by-name of the apostle Simon ~ ✏rsqn ‘id.’ Lk6.15 E5/91v.
✏np ‘foul’ ~ b yq ‘bad, evil, wrong’ E23.270.
✏ y p al (i) ‘to err, go astray, to be deceived’ ~ *fny - ‘id.’ E27/24v6; ~ *✏yfs ‘to err, go astray’
1Tim2.14 E6/18v; (ii) ‘to forget’ ~ fr✏wcqy ... (q)wn-/qt- ‘id.’ E26/28r17, 94v14; E28/12v13.
— ap el ‘to lead astray, seduce’ ~ fny ‘id.’ E23.263, A7*.
— See also w⌘yy, ⌘ywt✏.
✏ ywt (√ ⌘y) ‘seduction, deception, error’ ~ ✏ympn ‘deception, seduction, enticement’ E27/13r28;
~ fn✏s ‘deception, error’ E26/23v5.
✏ m p al (i) ‘to taste’ ~ pc - ‘to taste, drink’ Mt16.28 E5/127v; E28/4v22; ~ pc - ‘to drink’ +
xwr- ‘to eat’ E26/30r22; (ii) ‘to perceive’ ~ S ptz-✏n ‘to recognize, know’ Ps34.9.
— etp el ‘to be grafted’ ~ ptbyst b- ‘to be perceived’(!) Rom11.19 E6/6r.5
✏ n p al ‘to bear, support, carry, endure’ ~ pc ry ‘id.’ E27/27v4; ~ sxw✏y ‘to lift up, bear’ E27/
87v11; ≈ pc ynt ‘to place (a person on a pack-animal)’ E28/10r25*; ≈ ✏wstty b- ‘to be placed’
E27/57v8.
✏py etpa al ‘to be sheltered’ ~ ✏y n + b-/qt- ‘to be (found) worthy’ E27/68r7.
✏r✏ quad.refl. ‘to surge’ + b⌘b⌘ quad.refl. ‘to swell, bubble’ ~ dm- ‘to swell’ E28/7r21*.
✏rp ‘leaf’ ~ wrqr ‘id.’ E36/1r9, 2r15; ~ brw ‘fruit’(!) E23.113.
✏ y p al ‘to hide oneself’ ~ *p w itr. pret. ‘id.’ E27/11r26*.
— pa el pass. pt. (m y) ‘to be hidden’ ~ ✏ ybdy x- ‘to be buried’ E24c1.80.
— etpa al ‘to hide oneself’ ~ p w ty w- ‘to go hidden’ E27/94r23.
-y ‘me, to me, my’, -ny ‘me’ ~ mn✏ ‘me, to me, my’ NT+; Ps; ~ my ‘id.’ Ps; E27; E29/2v8*; ~
t✏m✏ ‘me’ Ps50.15, 51.3, 4*; E24c2.23, c3.19; E27; ~ -m ‘id.’ E27/87v15, 120r4; ~ xyp ‘my’
NT+; ~ 1m✏x ‘our’(!) E27/66r6.
— by ‘in me, upon me, concerning me’ etc. ~ pr✏m✏ ‘id.’ E27/12r4, 111v3, 4; ≈ zw ‘I’ E27/13r22,
25.
— lpy ‘for my sake’ ~ c✏m✏ pyd✏r ‘id.’ E28/5v14*.
— ly ‘me, to me’ ~ mn✏ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ my ‘id.’ E26/24v31; E27; ~ t✏m✏ ‘me’ E27; ≈ zw ‘I’
E26/25v22; E28/7v21.
5
On this mistranslation of the ambiguous Syr. ⌘m etp el, see Sogd. s.v. ptbyd-.
— mny ‘from me’ ~ c✏m✏ ‘id.’ E29/2v9*; ~ cn c✏m✏ ‘id.’ E23.180; E24c3.17.
— mry (i) as a mode of address: (a) ‘my Lord’ (addressing God) ~ xwtw b ✏ ‘Lord God’ (voc.)
E27/12r1, v16, 27v27; ~ xyp ✏wnt ‘Lord’ E27/27r5; (b) ‘my Lord’ (addressing Jesus) ~ mn✏
xyp ✏wnt✏ ‘id.’ (voc.) Lk10.40 E5/91r, Jn9.36, 38 E5/101v; ~ xwdw ‘Lord’ E24c2.17, 22; (c)
‘my lord’ (addressing a saint or an angel) ~ xwt✏w ‘lord’ E23.133, 154; E25/1r18; E26/24v22;
~ b ✏ ‘sir’ (voc.) E26/28v17; (d) ‘my lord’ (addressing a man) mn✏ xyp ✏wnt✏ ‘id.’ (voc.)
Lk19.16, 18, 20 E5/125r; ~ xyp ✏wnt✏ ‘lord’ (voc.) E26/25v8, 28r5; (ii) otherwise: (a) ‘my
master’ (referring to a man) mn✏ xyp ✏wnt Lk16.3, 5, 7 E5/48r; (b) ‘M⇠r, my lord’ (as an
honorific title for a saint; see also Sogd. s.vv. mry, *mrysrgys) ~ xwdw ‘lord’ E24c3.22.
— mrty (i) ‘my lady’ (addressing St Helen) ~ yrqcy ‘virtuous (lady)’ (voc.) E24c1.40; ~ x wnc
‘queen’ E24c1.95; (ii) ‘M⇠rt, my lady’, honorific title of Mary the mother of Jesus: see Sogd.
s.v. mr y.
— np y ‘myself’ ~ ryw ‘(my)self’ E26/28r7.
— ⌘ly ‘upon me, for my sake’ ~ pr✏m✏ ‘upon me’ E26/28v30; E27/94r20, 111v7; ~ c✏m✏ pyd✏r ‘for
my sake’ E27/68r4.
— ⌘my ‘with me’ ~ 1d✏m✏ ... prw ‘id.’ E27/69v12, 26, 120r3.
y , y✏y✏ ‘proper, appropriate, fitting’ ~ S s✏c[y](?) ‘id.’ Ps33.1.
y b etpa al pt. (mty✏b) ‘longing for’ ~ cyn✏wt ‘desirous, longing’ E28/10r17.
yby (√yb ) (i) ‘dry’ ~ * wq- ‘id.’ E27/69r26* (rest.!); (ii) ‘withered, crippled’ ~ ✏br ty ‘para-
lysed, crippled’ E23.140.
ybl ap el ‘to lead, bring, take’ ~ qr- ‘id.’ E27/3v13, 60r24; ~ pryp ‘id.’ E24c1.59; ~ br- ‘to bear,
take’ E27/40r12.
— See also mwbl✏.
yb p al ‘to dry up, wither’ ~ ptw✏s ‘id.’ E28/9v27.
— See also yby ✏, yb ✏.
yb (√yb ) ‘dry land’ ~ qwpn- ‘id.’ E27/22v15.
yd, b-yd: see ✏yd✏.
ydw tn (√yd⌘) ‘intellectual’ ~ b r-ptz✏ny ‘id.’ E28/12r20.
ydy ap el (i) ‘to confess, acknowledge, give thanks’ ~ ✏z✏n ‘id.’ E5; E18r6f; E27/27v12*, 120r1*;
Ps33.2, 51.1-2; (ii) ‘to assert, confess’ ~ w✏b ‘to say, speak, tell’ E24c1.92.
— e⇥tap al ‘to confess; to promise’: see wdy.
— See also mwdyn✏, twdyt✏.
yd p al ‘to know, be acquainted with, recognize, perceive’ ~ rb- ‘id.’ NT+; ~ ptbyd- ‘id.’ E27/
4v2*, 19r1*; ~ 2ptz✏n ‘to recognize, know’ E27/6v12; ~ m✏r ‘to think’ E28/9v8*(?); ~ 2wyn
‘to see’ E24c2.21; ~ ywxs- ‘to learn’ E27/11v25.
— p al pass. pt. (ydy⌘, ydy⌘✏) ‘notable, chief man’ ~ sr ngt ‘leader, chief man’ E27/12v8.
— ap el ‘to make known, inform’ ~ brtpd + wn-/qt- ‘id.’ Lk2.15 E3r; Jn17.26*, 26 E5/83r; E26/
31r7; E27/22r11, 14; E28/14v19*; ~ brtpdy✏ wn- ‘to make a report’ E27/87r14; ~ prbyr ‘to
tell, recount, declare, explain’ E24c1.41, 8v2; E27/77v11; ~ ✏ t✏y ‘to show, display, indicate’
E24c3.24; E27/57r2, 8(?), 11, 60r11; E28/3v22, 4v16*; ~ wyn✏wcyq *wn-/qt- ‘to make
visible’ E28/9r27.
— etp el ‘to be known, be recognized’ ~ pt(zn)[ty *b-/*qt-] ‘id.’ Lk24.35 E5/73r; ~ rb✏t bwt
‘can be known’ E27/61r26; ~ rb- ‘to know’(!) E26/27r5.
— ⇥ap el ‘to indicate, signify’, e⇥tap al ‘to come to know, recognize, know’: see wd⌘.
— See also ydw⌘tn✏, yd⌘t✏, md⌘✏.
yd t , ✏yd⌘t✏ (√yd⌘) ‘understanding, knowledge’ ~ 1ptz✏n ‘id.’ Col1.9, 10 E32/2v; E26/31r22; E27;
E28/5v18, 12r24, v19.
— d-yd⌘t✏ d-qr̈b✏ ✏yt lhwn ‘who have knowledge of wars’ ~ ◆xs- rb yt E27/31r12.
— hdÿw ✏ ... w-qwr̈yy b-yd⌘t✏ ‘(those) who are ignorant and boorish in respect of knowledge’ ~
mntptz✏n yt ‘the ignorant’ E27/31r17.
— l✏ yd⌘t✏ ‘lack of understanding, ignorance’ ~ mnt-ptz✏nqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/12r23; mnt-ptzny✏ ‘id.’
E27/31r9, Av25*.
yhb p al (and suppletive forms of ntl p al) (i) ‘to give’ ~ br- ‘id.’ NT+; ~ ptwyd ‘to deliver up,
offer’ E26/24r2*(?) (rest.!); ~ w✏c ‘to send’ E27/1v27*; (ii) ‘to allow’ ~ w✏c ‘id.’ E26/28v9,
31r32.
— p al + ✏kl p al inf. ‘to give (something) to eat’ ~ xwrt * br-/ brt ‘to give food’ Mt25.35 E5/
126r.
— p al + ql✏ ‘to shout, make a noise’, lit. ‘to give voice’ (SyrLex, 566a, meaning 1p) ~ wxr wn-
‘id.’, lit. ‘to make voice’ E27/23v14.
— p al pass. pt. (yhyb) ‘(to be) given’ ~ brty x- ‘id.’ Mt19.11 E2/2r*.
— etp el ‘to be given’ ~ brty b-/qt- ‘id.’ Mt10.19 E5/75r* (rest.!); Lk19.26 E5/125v* (rest.!);
E24c2.3; E27; E28/3r23*.
— See also mwhbt✏.
̈
yhwdy ‘Jew’: d-yhwdy✏ ‘of the Jews’ ~ cxwd✏ny ‘Jewish’ Jn9.39 intro.
ywlpn (√ylp) ‘teaching, instruction, doctrine’ ~ ywq ‘id.’ E27; E28/12r2, 5, v20, 27r24; ~ dyn
‘religion’ E27/1r24.
— byt ywlpn✏ ‘school’ ~ mw qty ‘magian house’ ~ E27/1r25*, v17.
ywm (→✏ymm✏, ywmn✏) ‘day’ ~ 2my ‘id.’ NT+; Ps19.3 (x2), 23.6; Creed 7, 8; ~ mn- ‘time’
E27/48r28; ~ ✏ ✏m ‘holy day, festival, feast’ E27/55r16*, 19 (x2).
— pl. ywm̈✏/yẅmt✏ ‘days’ ~ my qry ‘days, period’ Lk6.12 E5/91v; Ps33.0; E24c1.16; E26/
30r14; E27/1r26*.
— ywm✏ ... ywm✏ ... ‘(one) day ... (another) day ...’ ~ [yw m y ] ... yw m y ... ‘one day ... one
day ...’ E27/31r1.
55v23.
— l-tlt✏ ywmyn ‘in three days’ ~ tyq my y ‘on the third day’ Lk24.46 E5/83v*; Creed 8.
— bt ywm̈yn ‘week’ ~ bt✏-m ‘id.’ E28/3v9.
ywmn (→✏ymm✏, ywm✏) ‘today’ ~ nwr ‘id.’ Mt6.30 E1/2v* (rest.!); E27; E28/5r24* (x2); ~ q y
‘now’ E23.212; ~ nwr(y)cyq my ‘the present day’ E28/10v14.
ywn ‘dove’ ~ qpwtyc ‘id.’ Mt10.16 E5/75r, Jn1.32 E5/19v; E27/53r5; E36/1r8.
ywny ‘Greek’: d-ywnÿ✏ ‘of the Greeks’ ~ [yw](n✏)yq ‘Greek’ E27/1r9.
ywtrn (√ytr) ‘increase, profit’ ~ 1pc✏y ‘profit’ E27/55v28*; ~ wr- ‘id.’ E27/104v15.
— d-l✏ ywtrn ‘unprofitable, worthless’ ~ pw-wr✏ ‘id.’ E27/13v16*; E28/10v17*.
y⌥d etpa al ‘to be united’ ~ 2✏bynt ‘to attach oneself, cleave’ E28/14r18.
— ⇥ap el pass. pt. (m w d) ‘solitary’: see w d.
— See also y yd✏yt, y ydy✏.
y⌥yd yt (√y d) (i) ‘only, exclusively’ ~ xwdq✏r ‘only, alone’ E28/12r9; (ii) ‘singly’ ~ ptyn ptyn
‘separately’ E28/3r11; (iii) ‘alone, as a solitary’ ~ pr ywt✏cy✏ ‘in solitude’ E28/12r1; ~ xwdq✏r
E28/65v3.
y⌥ydy (√y d) (i) ‘only’ ~ ywt✏c ‘id.’ Creed 2; (ii) ‘solitary, monk’ ~ ywt✏c ‘solitary’ E27/48r22;
~ swgb✏r ‘monk’ E27/40v19, 60r27; E28.
yld p al ‘to beget, engender; to give birth (to)’ ~ zn- ‘id.’ Jn16.21 E5/79r (x2); E29/2v8.
— ap el ‘to beget, engender, bring forth’ ~ zn- ‘to engender’ E28/14r10; ≈ ✏ y ‘to be born’ E1/1v
(euphemism? see Sogd. s.v.); ≈ 2rwd ‘to grow’ E23.112.
— etp el ‘to be born’ ~ ✏ y ‘id.’ Mt2.1 E3v; Jn9.20 E5/100v, Jn9.32, 34 E5/101v, Jn16.21 E5/
79r; Creed 3, 6; E28/5r24*, 12v25, 14r21.
— See also yld✏, ylwd✏, mwld✏.
yld (√yld) ‘Nativity’: see Sogd. s.v.
̈
— pl. yld✏ ‘offspring, children’ ~ ✏ wn ‘children, sons’ 1Tim2.15 E6/18v.
ylwd (√yld) ‘infant’ ~ ryncq ‘child’ Gal4.3 E6/3v; ~ S tyw✏k ‘child’ Ps19.8.
yll ap el ‘to wail, lament’ ~ ✏wxn ‘to call out, wail’ E27/87v10.
ylp p al ‘to learn’ ~ ywxs- ‘id.’ E26/30v22; E27/1v24, 31r23, 104v15*; E28/12r28; ~ 1pt w ‘to
hear’ E24c1.95; ≈ ywc ‘to teach’ E27/31r22.
— (✏lp) pa el (i) ‘to teach’ ~ ywc ‘id.’ Jn9.34 E5/101v; E24c1.31, c3.19, 8r2; E27/7v16*, 57r13;
E28/5r16, 27; ~ S [yw](k)w *ywc/yw t- ‘to teach a teaching’ Ps29.0; ~ (±b ✏nyq) ywq br-
‘to give (±divine) instruction’ E25/1r11; E28/14v8*, 13; (ii) ‘to inform’ ~ prbyr ‘to tell,
recount, declare, explain’ E24c1.68.
— etpa al ‘to be taught’ ~ ywxt✏ b- ‘to be able to be taught’ E27/31r18.
— See also ywlpn✏, mlpn✏, mlpnwt✏.
ym ‘sea, ocean’ ~ swmtr- ‘id.’ Jn21.1 E5/80r (see s.v. *tybry⌥s-swmtr); Ps24.2; E25/1r13; E26;
E27/31r25, 87v9; E28/7r21*, 23; E36/1r14; ≈ swmtrcyq ‘of the sea’ E26/30v23.
ymy p al ‘to swear’ ~ swqnt + xwr- ‘to swear an oath’ Lk1.73 E5/6v; Ps24.4*; E27/69r16.
— See also mwmt✏.
ymyn ‘right hand, right side’ ~ xw✏rnt qyr✏n ‘right side’ Mt25.33*, 34 E5/126r; E27/60v13; ~
xw✏rnt ‘right hand’ Creed 9; E27/57v7; E28/9v27.
— gb✏ d-ymyn✏ ‘right side’ ~ xw✏rnt qw y- ‘id.’ Jn21.6 E5/80v.

ysp ap el ‘to increase; to continue to ...’ ~ b ✏w ‘to increase, add’ E27/66r16.
y yp yt (√y⌧p) ‘carefully’ ~ xw sm-bryny-str ‘very carefully’ Lk1.3 E4*.
y ypwt (√y⌧p) ‘care, solicitude’ ~ xwysm ‘id.’ E28/12r26.
y p p al ‘to care, care for’ ~ xwysm br- ‘to take trouble, take care’ Mt6.31 E1/2v*; Mt10.19 E5/
75r*, Lk10.35 E5/91r, Lk10.41 E5/91v; E27/60v10*; E28/5r18*, 20, 8v6.
— See also y⌧yp✏yt, y⌧ypwt✏.
yqd p al ‘to be burned up’ ~ ptswc itr. pret. ‘to be lit’ E27/91r9* (rest.!).
— ap el ‘to burn, burn up’ (tr.) ~ swc ‘id.’ E26/31r18; E27/102v18, 104r16.
— See also yqdn✏.
yqdn (√yqd) ‘fire’: ⌘wmq✏ d-yqdn✏ ‘abyss of fire’ (i.e. hell) ~ swcnty ✏tr ‘burning fire’ E23.64.
yqyr (√yqr) ‘heavy; honourable; precious; difficult’ ~ r✏n ‘heavy; honourable’ Lk24.32 E5/
72v*; E25/1r5; E26/28v9; E27/69r22; ~ zpry✏qyn ‘honoured, honourable’ E27/68r10; E28/
4r18, 12v26; ~ x nq- ‘excellent, honourable, magnificent, noble’ E26/23v23; ~ w ‘hard,
sore, grievous’ E27/94v10.
yqr pa el ‘to honour’ ~ zpry✏q wn- ‘to do honour’ Lk16.13 E5/48v; E27/13r29, 69v24; ~ zpry✏q
✏ t✏y ‘to show honour’ E27/68r13.
— pa el pt. (myqr) ‘honoured’ ~ S pt↵yw-cyk ‘id.’ Ps24.10*.
— etpa al ‘to be honoured’ ~ zpry✏qyn b- ‘id.’ E27/68r31.
— See also ✏yqr✏, yqyr✏.
yr⌥ ‘month’ ~ 2m✏x ‘id.’ E24c1.19; E27/65r30, 68v11, 69r23.
yrqn ‘blight, mildew’ ~ 1✏y t ‘id.’(?) E26/5v17*.
yrt p al ‘to inherit’ ~ ptrq✏n ny✏s ‘to take (as) an inheritance’ Mt25.34 E5/126r.
— See also yrt✏, yrtwt✏.
yrt (√yrt) ‘heir’ ~ ptrq✏n-xw✏r ‘id.’ Mt21.38 E5/38v; Gal3.29 E6/3r*, Tit3.7 E6/5v*; ~ w p
‘prince’ Gal4.1 E6/3r.
yrtwt (√yrt) ‘patrimony, inheritance’ ~ ptrq✏n ‘id.’ Mt21.38 E5/38v*; Col1.12 E32/2v*; E26/
27r11; E29/2v10*.
y w ‘Jesus’ ~ y w ‘id.’ E24c1.51; E27/56v32, 57r4; ~ xwt✏w y w ‘the Lord Jesus’ Mt19.18
E2/2v; E5; E27/57r9, 66v4; E28/4v19*; ~ [m✏]x xwt✏w y w ‘Our Lord Jesus’ Mt2.1 E3v; ~
y w m y⇣✏ ‘Jesus Christ’ E28/3v29; ~ m y⇣✏ ‘Christ’ E26/23v12; E27/12r29.
— y w⌘ m y ✏ ‘Jesus Christ’ ~ y w m y⇣✏ ‘id.’ Lk1.1 title E4; Creed 2; E18r8, v10; E23.74,
149; E26/26r21*, 31r9; E27/12v19, 91v5, 108v3; ~ xwt✏w y w m y⇣✏ ‘the Lord Jesus Christ’
Gal3.26, 28 E6/3r, Tit3.6 E6/5v*; ~ m✏x xyp ✏wnt y w m y⇣✏ ‘Our Lord Jesus Christ’
Rom6.4 E32/1r*; E27/57r18; ~ m y⇣✏ ‘Christ’ Rom6.3 E32/1r; ~ b - ‘God’ E23.285.
— b-y w⌘ m y ✏ ‘in Jesus Christ’ ~ pr m y⇣✏ n✏m ‘(baptism) in the name of Christ’ Rom6.3
E32/1r.
y ✏ ap el ‘to hold out’ ~ 2d✏r ‘to have, hold’ E26/31v15.—Cf. w .
-yt (adverb suffix): Syr. adverbs are often translated by pr ‘in’ + abstract noun, e.g. ryr✏yt ‘truly’
~ pr r ty✏q ‘in truth’ Lk12.44 E5/130v, Lk24.34 E5/73r; E27.
yt ‘being, self’ ~ ryw ‘self, person’ E28/1v9.

— y wt yt✏ ‘self-disdain’ ~ rywy pty d✏r✏mnty ‘id.’ E28/1v9; ~ pty - r wqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/7v24*.
ytb p al ‘to sit, sit down, dwell; board (a ship); sit (on the throne)’ ~ nyd ‘id.’ E5; Creed 9*; E26/
30r17, 23, 26; E27; ~ x- ‘to be’ E27/87r6.
— p al + b-dyn✏ ‘to sit in judgement’ ~ pdyb✏rcy✏ br- ‘to hold an enquiry’ E28/27r27*.
— p al act. pt. (ytb) ‘sitting’ ~ p ✏ty ‘cast down, lying’ E26/28v19*.
ytyr (√ytr) ‘better, superior, more, (any) more’, abs. ytyr ~ frtr ‘better, more’ Mt10.24 E5/75v;
E24c1.82 (MS ftrtr!); ~ fy✏tr ‘more’ Lk10.35 E5/91r; E24c1.67; E28/3r19; ~ sq✏tr ‘more’
Jn3.19 E5/23r*; E27/31v27, 29; ~ tym fy✏tr ‘yet more’ E27/69v11; ~ 1tym ‘still, yet, again,
moreover’ E27/17r4, 24r16; ~ sq✏tryqstr ‘superior’ E28/1r14; ~ ft✏rmy ‘superfluous’ E28/
12v19.
— by + ytyr ‘more glorious’ ~ q n✏wstr ‘more beautiful’ E28/27r30.
— tr⌧ etpa al + ytyr ‘to improve still more’ ~ frtr bwt ✏t wny tỵ ‘becomes better and improves’
E28/12r13.
ytyr yt (√ytr) ‘more, rather, all the more’ ~ sq✏tryqstr ‘more, rather’ Mt10.28 E5/76r*; ~ fy✏tr
‘more’ E27/39r13*, 94r26.
— km✏ ytyr✏yt ‘how much more’ ~ c✏f fy✏tr ‘id.’ E27/48r18.
ytr pa el pt. (mytr) ‘more, better, excellent’ ~ frtr ‘better, more’ Mt10.31 E5/76r*; E28/12r24,
14r3; ≈ frtr⌥ny ‘improvement’ E27/31v23(?); ~ ✏nwx ‘excellent’ E27/60r27*; ~ y✏tr ‘(more)
excellent’ E27/61r26; ≈ pntr ‘nearer’ E26/31v19.
— ap el (i) ‘to profit, gain’ ~ wr✏ wn-/qt- ‘to make a profit’ Lk19.16, 186 E5/125r; (ii) ‘to have
more than enough’ ~ ft✏r pryc ‘to leave over’ E27/94v29, 30; ≈ ft✏r *prxs-/pr t- ‘to be left
over’ E26/31v5.
— ap el pt. (mwtr) ‘profitable’ ~ wrq✏ry ‘id.’ E28/8v2.
— See also ywtrn✏, ytyr✏, ytyr✏yt, mytrwt✏.
-k, f. -ky ‘you, to you, your’ (sg.) ~ tw✏ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; Hymn 9, 9*; ~ t✏f✏ ‘you’ Jn9.17 E5/100v*;
Ps32.6*, 50.15; E18r7*, v9, 11*; E26/26v20, 27r1*, 28v25; E27; E29/2v8; ~ -f ‘id.’ E27/
94v9; ~ -f ... t✏f✏ ‘id.’ E27/13r30; ~ xyp ‘your’ NT+; Ps; Hymn 6*, 7; ~ xyp ryw ‘yourself’
E23.251.
— bk/bky ‘in you, upon you, against you’ ~ pr✏f✏ ‘id.’ Ps5.12 (x2); E27/7v23; E28/7r4.
— lk/lky ‘you, to you’ ~ tw✏ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ t✏f✏ ‘you’ E23.241, 246, 268; E26/25r24; E27/23r28,
69r19, v16; ~ fy ... t✏f✏ ‘id.’ E23.267; ≈ t w ‘you’ (nom. sg.) Jn9.15 E5/100r.
— m✏ lk ‘what business do you have?’, lit. ‘what (is it) to you?’ ~ S t(w)[✏ ]cw ✏rk sty ‘what busi-
ness do you have?’ Ps50.16.
— mnk/mnky ‘from you, than you’ ~ c✏f✏ ‘id.’ E27/23r26, 94v11, 102v22*; ~ cn c✏f✏ ‘from you’
E23.249; E26/31v27.
— ⌘mk ‘with you’ ~ d✏f✏ ... prw ‘id.’ E27/69v25.
6
Here ✏wtr (ytr ap el) is a MS variant for ⌘bd p al ‘to make’, see Sogd. s.v. wr-.
k b ‘pain, disease’ ~ r✏f ‘disease’ E26/29r9; ~ r✏f ZY xw[✏]c ‘disease and pain’ E25/1v20; ~ xwc
‘pain, illness, disease’ E27/60v17.
k y p al ‘to rebuke’ ~ [nxrys] * ✏y/ ✏t ‘to utter a rebuke’ E28/9v24f.
k mt ‘indeed’ ~ wyn✏wcyq ‘visible, revealed’ E24c1.54.
k n (√kwn) ‘just, right, upright’ ~ d✏tcyq ‘just’ Jn5.30 E5/41r, Jn17.25 E5/83r; ~ S wyẓ-r- ‘right’
Ps19.10; ~ yrng✏ry ‘virtuous, righteous’ E24c1.66.
k nwt (√kwn) ‘justice, what is right, rectitude’ ~ r ty✏q ‘rectitude’ Ps5.10*; E27/108v3* (rest.!);
~ ✏r ty✏qy✏ ‘id.’ Rom5.21 E32/1r*; ~ d✏tcyqy✏ ‘justice, what is right’ Mt21.32 E5/38r, Lk1.75
E5/6v; E27/56r20*, 108v2*; E28/3v25.
k p (i) ‘stone, rock’ ~ sng ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v; E24c1.78; E27/57r20; E28/14r4; ~ S rtn-
‘jewel’ Ps19.11; (ii) as m. PN ‘Kephas, Peter’ ~ sng ‘id.’ Mt17.1, 4* E5/127v, Lk6.14 E5/
91v, Jn21.7 E5/80v; E27/54v16; E36/3r9.
kbr ‘perhaps, perchance’ ~ db✏t ‘id.’ Mt21.37 E5/38v; Rom11.19 E6/6r; E27/40v18, 77r8*,
104r14*.
kb p al ‘to hold down, subdue’ ~ pt wnt ‘to cover, hide’ E30/6r7.
kd ‘when, as, while, since, that, because, although’ ~ c✏nw ‘id.’ E5+; Ps6.1; ~ c✏n ‘how?’
(mistake for c✏nw?) E28/2av14; ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘as’ E26/25r23; E27/87r12; ~ c✏nwt ‘since,
because’ E27/48r1; ~ 1p✏t ‘for, because’ E26/31v17; ~ 1myd ‘so, thus’ E27/69r30; ~ 1✏t ‘and’
E27/60v19*, 31; E28/9v13, 10r18; ~ 1yty ‘id.’ E26/31v25; E28/9v25; ~ rty ‘and, then’
E27/22v18, 25r11; ~ 1qt ‘if’ E27/69v21; ~ 1m✏t ‘that, in that’, etc. E27/7v24*; ~ cywyd py trw
c✏nw ‘after’ E25/1v13; E26/28v1*.
kdn p al ‘to subjugate, restrain’ ~ ny✏s ‘to take, hold, take hold of’ E28/1r17.
— p al pass. pt. (kdyn) (i) ‘yoked, subjugated’ ~ bsty ‘bound’ E27/13v23; (ii) ‘to be yoked,
joined’ ~ ✏✏bystd✏rnt ( )ryw ‘have attached themselves’ E26/25r22.
kdn ‘jug, pitcher’ ~ wd✏ ‘id.’ E26/32v33*, 34.
khn (→khnwt✏) ‘priest’ ~ dynd✏r ‘id.’ Mt20.18 E5/34v, Lk24.20 E5/72r, Jn1.19 E5/19r; Hymn
8; E24c3.1; E27; E36/2r7*, 3r5*.
khnwt (→khn✏) ‘priesthood’ ~ dynd✏ry✏ ‘id.’ E24c3.7.
k⇤y ‘burns, scars, cauterizations’ ~ swm ‘cauterization’ E27/111r8.
kwkb ‘star’ ~ st✏ry ‘id.’ E26/28v23*.
kwl ‘all’: see kl.
wlyt ‘kidneys’ ~ wrdtq- ‘id.’ E27/102v30.
kwmr ‘(heathen) priest’ ~ b mptw ‘id.’ E26/27v7, 12, 29*; ~ xrmtw ‘id.’ E28/10v22, 25.
kwn pa el ‘to rebuke, reprove’ ~ 1nxrys ‘id.’ E26/28v6.
— ap el pass. pt. (mkn) ‘natural’ ≈ ✏dyq ‘custom, habit, manner’ E28/5v21.
— See also k✏n✏, k✏nwt✏, kyn✏.
-kwn ‘you, your’, f. -kyn ~ m✏x ‘id.’ NT+; ~ 1fn ‘id.’ E26/28r18, 29r3, v6; ~ xyp ‘your’ NT+;
~ 1m✏x ‘us’(!) E26/30v15.
— dylkwn ‘your’ ~ m✏x ‘id.’ E27/68r30.
— lkwn ‘you, to you, for you’ ~ m✏x ‘id.’ NT+.
kwr ‘kor’ (a measure of capacity), pl. kwr̈yn ~ 1p✏r ‘id.’ Lk16.7 E5/48r (x2).
kwr ‘furnace’ ~ ✏tpn ‘id.’ E27/102r18*.
kwrhn (√krh) ‘illness, disease’ ~ r✏f ‘id.’ E26/6A5(?); ~ xwc ‘pain, illness, disease’ E27/60r28,
94v4; ~ qrxny✏tqy✏ ‘madness’ E27/13r15.
kwr⌥ ‘hut, cell’ ~ bwn ‘hole, cave, cell’ E27/11r27. See also Sogd. s.v. kwr⇣✏.
kwtyn , pl. kwtyn̈yt✏ ‘tunic, shirt’ ~ qwr y ‘id.’ Mt5.40 E5/28v; E27/57v23.
k⌥yd ‘shameful’ (SyrLex, 617b, meaning 2) ~ f✏rqty ‘ashamed’ E27/7r27*.
ky (i) ‘indeed’ (= Gk. ἄρα) ~ m✏y ‘id.’ Lk1.66 E5/6r*; (ii) (particle introducing a question) ~
cw ‘id.’ E27/68r24.
-ky ‘you’ (f. sg.): see -k.
kymwn ‘storm, tempest’ ~ S ẓ-wrny ‘id.’ Hymn 6.
-kyn ‘you’ (f. pl.): see -kwn.
kyn (√kwn) ‘nature’ ~ nyzn- ‘id.’ E24c3.18; E27/31v26, 56v28, 126r26; E28/8r4*; ~ ryw ‘self,
person’ E27/61r19.
— br kyn✏ (+ d-) ‘consubstantial, sharing the nature (of)’, lit. ‘son of the nature (of)’ ~ S
[✏✏wn]ẓ-ny ‘id.’ Creed 4.
— d-kyn✏ ‘of nature’ ~ *nyzny-myc ‘natural’ E27/31v16.
kyrt ÿd ‘handwriting, autograph’ ~ S stw↵ry ‘id.’ 20227r15*.
kyt ‘indeed’ ~ 1yty (particle after the first word or phrase of a clause) E27/27r10*.
— km✏ kyt d-⌘dkyl ‘so long indeed as still’ ~ qwpn ... nwqr ‘so long as ... now’ E27/31v26.
kkryt ‘honeycomb’ ~ S [npy] ‘id.’ Ps19.11.
kl, kwl ‘all, whole, every, each’ ~ wysp- ‘all, every, each’ NT+; Ps; Creed 1, 4; ~ s✏t ‘all, whole’
NT+; Ps; Creed 1, 2, 3*; ~ s tm✏n ‘all’ Lk13.3 E5/34r; 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*, Gal3.26, 28 E6/3r;
E24c2.9, c3.13; E26/31v10, 13; E27/60v1; E28/10v11; ~ 2✏ ty ‘whole’ E23.236, A14; E26/
26v18; E27/17r2, 120r3*; E28/7r17; E29/1r8, 9; ~ 1m wn ‘id.’ Lk6.17 E5/91v, Lk24.19 E5/
72r*; E26/31v24; E27/60r30, 32, 77r6*; ~ rf ‘much, many, abundant’ E27/40r4; E28/27r30;
~ mzyx ‘great’ E28/5r30; ~ wyspw ✏dy ‘everyone’ Mt13.19 E5/109r; ~ wyspn✏ ✏d y ‘id.’ E27/
13r17; ~ S ✏ ty ✏↵cmp ‘the whole world’ Ps19.1*; ~ w✏nt ‘those’ E27/40v17; ~ wntn ‘so
great, very great, great’ E27/40v6; ~ s✏t ywp✏tq ‘wholly, altogether’ ‘id.’ Jn9.34 E5/101v.
— b-kl ✏tr d- ‘wherever’ ~ qw s✏r qy ‘id.’ E28/9v29*(?).
— kl ✏n , kln ‘everyone’ ~ wyspw ✏dy ‘id.’ E5+; ~ wyspw mrtxmy ‘id.’ E23.250; E24c1.67, 86;
~ mrtxmy ‘man, person’ E27/57r13; ~ m wn fcmbd ‘the whole world’ E18v9.
— klh gw✏ ‘all people’ ~ m wn fcmbd ‘the whole world’ E27/31r1.
— kl d ‘each (one)’ ~ wysp- yw ‘id.’ E27/54v20; ~ wysp- yw yw ‘every single’ E28/3r14.
— kl d d ‘every single (one)’ ~ wysp- yw yw/ywtr ‘id.’ Lk19.15 E5/125r*; 1Cor12.18 E6/
20v*; ~ wysp- yw ‘each one’ E27/40r18.
— kl + l✏ ‘not any’ ~ ✏yc + neg. ‘id.’ E27/65v24.

— klhwn ✏n ✏ ‘all people’ ~ wyspw ✏dy ‘everyone’ E29/8v10*.
— klhyn ‘all’ ~ wyspw ✏ycy ‘everything’ E28/9v19.
— klhyn ✏ylyn d- ‘all those (things) which’ ~ s✏t ✏y t qy ‘all things which’ E27/77v10; Creed 1.
55v23.
— kl-m✏ d- ‘all which’ ~ s✏t ✏ycy ... qy ‘everything which’ E28/4r21.
— mn klh lbkwn ‘with all your heart’ ~ [cw]ẋ̣m✏(ny) prm ‘whole-heartedly’ E26/27r7.
— h✏ mn kl ‘devoid of everything’ ~ pw-bry ‘fruitless, barren’ E27/31r19.
klb ‘dog’ ~ qwt- ‘id.’ E26/5v27; E27/51r28, 102r21*.
klbt ‘pincers, fork’ ~ ✏ rbn ‘id.’ E27/60v3, 7.
kldy ‘Chaldaean, magician’ ~ smbtsr ‘astrologer’ E29/3v4, 20.
kly p al (i) ‘to prevent, hinder’ ~ pcxw✏y ‘id.’ E27; (ii) ‘to forbid, withhold, refuse’ ~ prxwn ‘id.’
E26/31v5.
— See also klyt✏.
klyl (√kll) ‘crown, wreath’ ~ ps✏q ‘id.’ E28/1r18, 9v2; ~ dydm ‘diadem, crown’ E23.194.
klyt (√kly) ‘obstacle, hindrance’ ~ pcxw✏q ‘id.’ E26/27r4*.
kll etpa al ‘to be crowned (with martyrdom)’ ~ ptxwsty b- ‘to be killed’ E27/65r29f*, 68v11.
— See also klyl✏.
km ‘how much, how many, how great, a certain amount, some’ ~ 1c✏f ‘id.’ Lk16.5 E5/48r;
Gal4.1 E6/3r; E27/25r12; E28/1r19, 12r12; ~ w✏f ‘so much, so many, many’ E27/25r9.
— d km✏ ‘how much more’ ~ yw c✏f ‘id.’ Mt10.25 E5/75v (calque).
— km✏ d- ‘in as much as’ ~ c✏f qt ‘id.’ Mt25.40 E5/126v, Mt25.45 E5/127r*; ~ c✏fyd ‘id.’ E27/
61v30; ~ w✏nc✏nw ‘as’ E28/14r3*(?).
— km✏ zbnÿn ‘for some time, sometimes’ ~ c✏f mnw ‘id.’ E28/12r12; ~ rf prtw ‘many times’
E27/31r16f.
— km✏ ytyr✏yt ‘how much more’ ~ c✏f fy✏tr ‘id.’ E27/48r18.
— km✏ kyt d-⌘dkyl ‘so long indeed as still’ ~ qwpn ... nwqr ‘so long as ... now’ E27/31v26.
km n ‘ambush, wile’ ~ ✏mpwzn ‘wile, snare’ E26/29v9*(?).
kmyrwt ‘sorrow’: kmyrwt✏ gy t✏ ‘agitated sorrow’ ~ ✏w c pr p✏tqwny ‘wavering(?) in vigil-
ance’(!) E27/31r10.
knwn ⌥ry (month name) (→knwn qdym) ‘Latter K⇠non’ ~ b q✏nc (Sogd. month name)
E24c1.19. See also Sogd. s.v. knwn ✏⇣ry.
knwn qdym (month name) (→knwn ✏ ry) ‘Former K⇠non’: see Sogd. s.v.
knw y (√kn ) ‘assembly’ ~ ✏w✏zy ‘id.’ E27/12v5.
knw t (√kn ) ‘assembly, congregation, synagogue’ ~ ✏w✏zy ‘congregation’ Mt10.17 E5/75r; ~
✏w✏zqty ‘synagogue’, lit. ‘assembly-house’ Jn9.22 E5/100v.
kny etpa al ‘to be called, be named’ ~ 2 yr ‘id.’ E28/8r5.
knr name of a particular stringed instrument ~ S xyz-✏ykh ‘id.’ Ps33.2.

kn p al pass. pt. (kny ) ‘to be gathered’ ~ ✏wz ‘to gather, be collected’ Lk24.33 E5/73r*,
Lk24.36 intro E5/83r* (rest.!).
— pa el ‘to bring together, assemble, collect’ ~ 3✏wy ‘id.’ E24c1.24, 2br1; E27/11r20, 87r10,
94v28; E28/14v26; ~ *✏wysn- ‘to collect (the mind)’ E27/31v13.
— etpa al (i) ‘to come together, gather’ ~ ✏wz ‘id.’ Mt25.32 E5/125v; E24c1.20, 23; E27/31v21;
~ twdy *b-/qt- ‘to become a mass’ E27/22v13(?); (ii) ‘to be gathered’ ~ fx ty b- ‘to be ac-
quired’ E28/12v20.
— See also knw y✏, knw t✏, kn ✏.
kn (√kn ) ‘assembly, multitude, crowd, community’ ~ ✏w✏zy ‘id.’ Lk6.17 E5/91v (x2), Jn9.39
intro E5/48v; E27; ≈ ✏wz ‘to come together, assemble’ E27/17v5.
— pl. kn̈ ✏ ‘crowds’ ~ mrtxmyt ‘men, people’ E27/77r6.
knt ‘companion, fellow’ ~ ✏✏mr ‘id.’ Col1.7 E32/2r.
1
ks ‘cup’ ~ pt ✏d ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v (x2); E26/31v12; E27/12v18; ~ wncq ‘id.’ E27/69v13;
~ S kwsy ‘id.’ Ps23.5. See also Sogd. s.v. ks✏.
ksy p al pass. pt. (2ks✏, ksy✏) ‘hidden’ ~ pt wsty ‘id.’ E27/31v17, 54v17, 57r15.
— p al pass. pt. f. (ksyt✏) ‘secret’ ~ r✏z ‘id.’ E26/27r3* (rest.!).
— etpa al ‘to be clothed’ ~ p(t)[mw ty b-] ‘id.’ Mt6.29 E1/2v.
— See also ksy✏yt.
ksy yt (√ksy) ‘secretly’: bynthwn ksy✏yt ‘amongst themselves secretly’ ~ xyp ✏wrc ‘(in) their
own circle’(?) E24c1.56f.
kss ap el ‘to rebuke, reprove; to show (someone) to be wrong, to confute’ ~ 1nxrys ‘to rebuke’
E28/9r13; ~ S ✏nkm✏n kwn- ‘to expose publicly’ Ps6.2.
— See also mksnwt✏.
ksp ‘silver, money’ ~ n✏qty ‘id.’ Lk16.14 E5/48v, Lk19.23 E5/125v; E26.
— r mt ksp✏ ‘love of money’ ~ fry- r✏mqy✏ ‘id.’ E27.
kpn p al ‘to hunger, be hungry’ ~ ✏w nty *x-/m✏t ‘to be hungry’ Mt25.35 E5/126r, Mt25.42 E5/
126v*; ~ w - ‘to hunger’ E23.99; ≈ 1w nt ‘hunger’ E29/5v12, 23.
— See also 1kpn✏, 2kpn✏.
1
kpn (√kpn) ‘hunger, famine’ ~ dbz- ‘hunger’ E27; E30/4v20; ~ w n- ‘famine’ E26/5v4.
2
kpn (√kpn) ‘hungry’ ~ ✏w nty ‘id.’ Mt25.37 E5/126r*, Mt25.44 E5/126v; ~ w wq ‘id.’ E27/
102v27.
kpr p al (+ b-) ‘to renounce, disown’ ~ pstw- (+ pr) ‘id.’ Mt10.33 E5/76r (x2), Mt16.24 E5/127r;
E28/112A6; E36/3r8*.
kr ‘place’:
— l-kr ‘thither’ ~ wdy ‘there’ E27/26v6*.
krh p al pass. pt. (kryh) ‘ill, sick, weak’ ~ r✏fq✏w ‘ill, sick’ Ps6.3; E23.221; ~ xwycn✏q ‘id.’
Mt25.36, 39 E5/126r*; Mt25.43 E5/126v*; E27/60v10; E28/12r15; ~ nyz✏wr ‘weak’ 1Cor1.27
E6/12v; E27/120v5; E28/12r18; ~ nyz✏wr ‘weak’ + xwcn✏q ‘sick’ E28/12r11.
— etp el or etpa al ‘to become ill’ ~ xw n✏q [b-/qt-] ‘id.’ E27/66v7*, 104v18*.
— See also kwrhn✏.
krwb ‘cherub’, pl. kr̈wb✏ ~ fry ty ‘angel’ E26/23v20*. See also Sogd. s.v. *krwb✏.
krwz (√krz) (i) ‘crier, herald’ ~ pc yry ‘id.’ E23.209; ~ ✏zt✏qry ‘id.’ E23.215; (ii) ‘preacher’ ~
pt ✏mbry ‘apostle’ E28/9r30.
krwzwt (√krz) ‘proclamation, message’ ~ zt✏qrqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/54v23.
krz ap el ‘to make known, proclaim, preach’ ~ ✏ zt✏ [wn-] ‘id.’ Mt10.27 E5/76r.
— etp el ‘to be proclaimed’ ~ ✏yzt✏ *b-/*qt- ‘id.’ Lk24.47 E5/83v* (rest.!).
— See also krwz✏, krwzwt✏.
kry p al 3 sg. f. pf./impf. or pass. pt. f. (kry✏) ‘to be distressing to ...’ (in an impersonal construc-
tion with l- indicating the experiencer) ~ ✏ntwxc b-/x- + obl. pers. pron. ‘(so-and-so) has dis-
tress, is distressed’ Jn16.21, 22 E5/79r;7 ~ ✏ntwxcn✏q b- or *x-/m✏t ‘to be distressed’ Jn16.20
E5/79r; E26/30v17; E27/22v10.
— p al pass. pt. f. pl. in phrase b-kr̈yt✏ ‘in brief’ ~ ✏brtw ‘briefly’ E27/57v14.
— See also krywt✏.
kryh ‘ill’ = krh p al pass. pt.
krywt (√kry) ‘grief, sadness, distress’ ~ ✏ntwxc ‘id.’ Jn16.20 E5/79r ‘id.’; E27.
— ✏ ⌧rwp✏ d-krywt✏ ‘astringent pain of distress’ ~ ✏ntwxc ‘sorrow, distress’ E27/31v1.
krys yn✏ ‘Christian’: see krs yn✏.
krk p al pass. pt. (kryk) ‘wrapped’ ~ prw t ‘id.’ Lk2.12 E3r.
— ap el ‘to surround’ ~ wrs (✏w)[sty] ‘to place around’ E27/111r6.
— etp el (i) ‘to go around’ ~ prwrt ‘id.’ E26/28r9; E28/5v22; ~ 2prwyd ‘to look for, seek’ E27/
1v6*, 10*; (ii) ‘to surround’ ~ nyd wrs c✏f c✏f ‘to sit around’ E27/60v23.
— See also krk✏, mtkrkn✏.
krk (√krk) ‘fortified town’ ~ qn ‘town, city’ Lk19.17, 19 E5/125r; E27/69r29, 77v11.
krm ‘vineyard’ ~ b✏ ‘garden, vineyard’ Mt21.33 E5/38r, Mt21.39, 40, 41 E5/38v.
krs ‘belly, stomach’ ~ q ✏ry ‘id.’ E27/94v7*.
krs✏yn , krys yn✏ ‘Christian’ ~ trs✏q ‘id.’ E27; E28/10r15, 19*, v29; ~ trs✏q✏ny ‘id.’ E24c3.20.
— d-kr̈(y)s yn✏ ‘of the Christians’ ~ trs✏q✏ny ‘Christian’ E23.126, 128, 183; E26/25v23.
k y p al pass. pt. (k ✏, k y✏) ‘to be heaped up’ ~ 1✏w t ‘to stand’ E27/17v4.
k yr ‘diligent, strenuous, excellent’ ~ yr wny ‘excellent’ E28/1r13.
k l ap el ‘to cause to stumble’ ~ qw f qwx s✏ pr✏ny ‘to lead to a stumbling-block’ E27/104r12.
k p etpa al ‘to beseech’ ~ pcqwy- ‘to entreat, pray’ E28/7r19.
— See also tk pt✏.
ktb p al ‘to write, inscribe’ ~ npys ‘id.’ Lk1.3 E4*; E5; Hymn 5; Creed 8*; E24c1.81; E27/
65v23, 94r27; E28/4v27, 7v7.
7
On the reading of kry✏ in these two passages see Sogd. s.v. ✏ntwxc.
— p al pass. pt. f. (ktybt✏) ‘document, letter’ ~ pwsty ‘writing, document, letter’ E27/77v12.
— etp el ‘to be written’ ~ npx ty b- ‘id.’ E26/27v4.
— See also ktb✏, mktbnwt✏.
ktb (√ktb) ‘writing, document, letter, message, book, scripture’ ~ pwsty ‘id.’ E5+.
— ktb✏ d-dwll✏ ‘a bill of divorce’ ~ (xw)[y](cq-q✏r ) (p)[w](st ) ‘releasing document’ Mt5.31 E5/
28r.
— tb✏ qdÿš✏ ‘holy scriptures’ ~ pwsty ‘book, scripture’ E27/54v30*.
ktybt✏ ‘document, letter’ = ktb p al pass. pt. f.
ktm etpa al ‘to be defiled’ ~ ptx ybs- ‘id.’ E26/27r17.
ktp ‘shoulder’ ~ fyq ‘id.’ E26/27v10*; E27/57r27, 29; ~ qw y- ‘side, flank’ E23.228(?).
ktr pa el ‘to stay’ ~ wy t✏ (...) wn-/qt- ‘to delay, wait, stay’ E27/60v11, 13, 87r16*.
kt p al ‘to strive, contend’ ~ cx- ‘to do battle, fight, contend, argue’ E27/104r10.
— etpa al ‘to contend’ ≈ ✏xwnc ‘struggle, strife, conflict’ E27/102v24.
l- (i) ‘to, into, towards, for, at, on’ ~ 2qw ... s✏(r) ‘to, into, towards, for’ passim; ~ qywyd (...) s✏
‘to that’ E27; ~ 2qw ‘to, into’ Mt2.1 E3v*; E28/4r26; ~ s✏r ‘to, for’ E18r7*; E23.159, 235,
293; E26/26v20, 27v12, 30r26, 28; E28/7r2; ~ 2qw ... prm ‘up to, as far as, until’ E27/23v10,
60r6; ~ cyntr ‘in, inside, into’ E23.237, 279; ~ cys✏r ‘into’ E23.243, 271; ~ cn ... pyd✏r ‘for the
sake of, for’ E28/12r5 (x2); ~ pr ‘at, on, to’ E23.166; E26/30v28, 32v34; E27; (ii) introducing
a pres. inf. ~ pr ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 10 (x2); ~ 2qt ‘that’ + finite verb E24c1.78, 84; E26/30r24;
E27/108r4* etc.; (iii) marking a definite direct object (sometimes with a preceding object
pron.) ~ Ø passim; ~ 2✏w, w- ‘the’ E27; E28/5r20 (etc.); ~ s✏r ‘to’ E29/1r8 (mistake?); ≈ pr
‘upon, over’ E23.123; E28/7v9, 9v23; ≈ S pr ... cwpr ‘upon’ Ps5.13.
— ly ‘me, to me’ ~ mn✏ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ my ‘id.’ E26/24v31; E27; ~ t✏m✏ ‘me’ E27; ≈ zw ‘I’
E26/25v22; E28/7v21.
— lk/lky ‘you, to you’ ~ tw✏ ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ t✏f✏ ‘you’ E23.241, 246, 268; E26/25r24; E27/
23r28, 69r19, v16; ~ fy ... t✏f✏ ‘id.’ E23.267; ≈ t w ‘you’ (nom. sg.) Jn9.15 E5/100r.
— lh, lḣ ‘him, her, it, to him, to her, to it’ ~ 1wyny ‘him, to him, to it’ NT+; ~ 1wy✏ ‘her’ E5;
E23; ~ 1✏⇧ ‘him’ E27/87r10; ~ 1 w ‘him, her, it’ E27; ~ 1 y ‘to him, to her’ E26/24v30, 30r33;
E27; ~ qyw s✏ ‘to him, to it’ Ps33.2, 3; E27; ~ qywyd s✏ ‘to that’ E27/31v15; ~ ✏wts✏r ‘thither’
Lk24.28 E5/72v.
— ln ‘us, to us, for us’ ~ 1m✏x ‘id.’ NT+; Hymn 6; ~ mn ‘id.’ E24c1.45; E26/30r12; E27; E28/
14r1*.
— lkwn ‘you, to you, for you’ ~ m✏x ‘id.’ NT+.
— lhwn ‘them, to them’ ~ 1wy nt ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ n ‘id.’ E26/30v6(?); E27/68r22, 68v16;
E28/4v20; E29/8v11*; ~ my nt ‘these’ E24c2.17; ~ qymyd s✏ ‘to this’ E28/4r22.
— bynwhy w-lhwn ‘he and they privately together’, lit. ‘between him and to them’ ~ [...] (✏s)rt
✏t qw w [ n](t s✏) ‘id.’ Mt20.17 E5/34v (calque).
Tit3.7 E6/5v*; E27/68v3*.
— d l- d ‘one to another’ ~ yw ndbtyqy/dbtyqy ‘id.’ Tit3.3 E6/5r; E27/77r13; ~ yw qw dbtyq s✏
‘id.’ Lk24.32 E5/72v*.
— l-✏wr⌘ ‘to meet, towards’: see separate entry l✏wr⌘.
— l-✏yk✏ ‘whither?’ ~ qw s✏ ‘id.’ E27/87v7.
— l-✏yk✏ d- ‘whither’ ~ ✏ws✏r qwt ‘id.’ E28/14v5.
— l-✏⇥y ‘to, towards’ ~ 2qw ... s✏(r) ‘id.’ E27/77r16.
— l-byt ‘at the house of’ ~ nbnt ‘with, at, beside, by’ E27/1r23*.
— l-br ‘out’: see separate entry lbr.
— l-gmr ‘altogether’: see separate entry lgmr.
— l-grbyy✏ ‘to the north’ ~ nym y -w✏dy qyr✏n ‘in the southern direction’(!) E27/23r17.
— l-(...) h⌥/hẏ ‘to that’ ~ qywyd (...) s✏ ‘id.’ E25/1r15; E27; qw qywn ... s✏r ‘id.’ E24c2.12;
*qywnt s✏r ‘to that (person)’ E24c1.25 (MS qwynt!).
— l-... hn✏ ‘to this’ ~ qymyd ... s✏ ‘id.’ E27/31v24, 32.
— l-ḣnwn ‘to those’ ~ qywnt ... s✏ ‘id.’ E27/48r14f (altered from qymnt ... s✏ ‘to these’).
̈
— l-ḥdd✏ ‘to one another’ ~ yw ndbtyqy ‘one to another’ E27/57r16; ~ yw qw dbtyq s✏ ‘id.’ E27/
87r10.
— l-kr ‘thither’ ~ wdy ‘there’ E27/26v6*.
— l-mn✏ ‘for what (reason)? why?’ ~ pr cwty ‘why?’ Lk19.23 E5/125r; E27/5v29*, 69v17; ~ cw
pyd✏r ‘id.’ E23.198, 262; E25/1r17; ~ cw ‘id.’ E26/25v13.
— l-mrwm✏ ‘to the heights’ ~ sqys✏r ‘upwards, up, above’ E36/2v6.
— l-⌘yn/l-⌘ÿny ‘in the sight of, before, in the presence of’ ~ ✏ngm✏n ‘id.’ E23.236; ~ pynms✏r
‘before, in the presence of’ E27/27r22; ~ nbnt ‘with, at, beside, by’ E27/86v1.
— l-⌘lm ‘for ever’ ~ (±qw) ✏yqwn prm ‘id.’ Ps; E27/68v4.
— l-⌘lm ⌘lmyn ‘in saecula saeculorum, for ever and ever’ ~ S kw ✏✏ykwn kw ✏✏ykwn prm ‘id.’
Hymn 9; ~ qw ✏yqwn pn ‘for ever’ E27/27v14.
— l-⌘lmyn ‘for ever’ ~ ✏yqwn prm ‘id.’ E26/24r23*; ~ qw ✏✏y(m)[ prm] ‘up to the end’ E25/
1v22*.
— l-t t ‘down, downwards, below’ ~ c✏dr-s✏r ‘down, downwards’ E27/94r8; ≈ c✏p✏rcyq ‘situated
below’ E27/22v14.
— m✏ lk w-l- ‘what (is it) to you and to ...?’, i.e. ‘what business do you have with ...?’ ~ S t(w)[✏
]cw ✏rk sty (⌘)[M] ... prw ‘id.’ Ps50.16.
— ⌘dm✏ l- ‘until, up to, as far as’ ~ wytwr qw ... prm ‘until’ Lk2.15 E3r; E5; Gal4.2 E6/3v;
E26/27v6; E27/40r22f, 69r23; E28/7r18, 9r2f*; ~ 2qw ... prm ‘id.’ Ps28.9*; E23.275f*(?);
E24c1.22; E27; ~ prm ‘id.’ E23.298; ‘up to, as far as’ ~ 2qw ... s✏(r) ‘to, towards’ E28/7r22*.
— ⌘dm✏ l-✏mty ‘till when?’ ~ S k ✏ prm ‘id.’ Ps6.4*.
— ⌘dm✏ l- wlm✏ ‘till the end’ ~ [±qw?] ✏y✏m pn ‘id.’ E27/86v2.
— lm lk ‘peace unto you’ ~ dwrt✏ swq✏t dn tw✏ prw ‘peace be with you’ E28/9r12, 20*.
l (→lw) ‘not’ ~ ny (S L✏) ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; Creed 1*, 3; ~ 1n✏ ‘not’ (prohibitive) E5+; Ps6.2 (x2),
34.14.
— ✏n + l✏ ‘no-one’ ~ ✏dy + neg. ‘id.’ Jn16.22 E5/79r; E23.76, A30; E27/13v18, 60v10; E28/
4v27f.
— ✏p-l✏ ‘not even’ ~ ms z ✏m + neg. ‘id.’ E27; E28/12r12*.
— d-l✏ ‘without’: see separate entry.
— kl + l✏ ‘not any’ ~ ✏yc + neg. ‘id.’ E27/65v24.
— l✏ + g m pa el pass. pt. (l✏ mg m✏) ‘incorporeal’ ~ *n✏-tmp✏rmync ‘id.’ E28/5v20.
— l✏ yd⌘t✏ ‘lack of understanding, ignorance’ ~ mnt-ptz✏nqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/12r23; mnt-ptzny✏ ‘id.’
E27/31r9, Av25*.
— l✏ mywt✏ ‘undying, immortal’ ~ n✏-myryny ‘id.’ E18r5f*; E27/57v9*.
— l✏ + mll etpa al pt. (l✏ mtmll) ‘cannot be told’ ~ prbyr itr. pot. (+ neg.) ‘id.’ E27/104r9, 13.
— l✏ mt pysn✏ ‘disobedient’ ~ n✏-n w ny ‘id.’ E27/69v27.
— l✏ mttkyln✏ ‘immeasurable’ ~ n✏-ptm✏qcyq ‘id.’ E28/7r21.
— l✏ + ⌧by etp el ‘not to be pleased (with)’ ~ [n✏-q]✏m ‘not desiring’ E27/27r10.
— l✏ + qwm pa el pass. pt. (l✏ mqym✏) ‘inconstant’ ~ n✏-pt ty✏n ‘id.’ E27/40r11.
— l✏ + tny etp el or etpa al pt. (l✏ mttn✏) ‘cannot be told’ ~ prbyr itr. pot. (+ neg.) ‘id.’ E28/7r16.
— lgmr + l✏ ‘not at all’ ~ ✏yc + neg. ‘id.’ E27/87r4; ~ c ty + neg. ‘id.’ E28/5r15.
— l-w (= l✏ + h⇧, -w) ‘not’: see separate entry lw.
— l-yt (= l✏ + ✏yt) ‘there is not’: see separate entry lyt.
— mdm + l✏ ‘nothing; not at all’ ~ 1✏yc + neg. ‘nothing’ E5+; 1✏yc + neg. ‘not at all’ E27/102v20.
l wr ‘to meet, towards’ ~ ryty ‘in the presence (of), towards’ E27/40v15.
lb , pl. lbẅt✏ (√lbb) ‘heart’ ~ y✏wr ‘id.’ NT+; ~ m✏n ‘mind, intellect’ E23.105; E27/64v23(?);
E29/1r8; E30/6r18*; ~ m✏ncyq c m- ‘mind’s eye’ E26/23v5.
— b-lb✏ ‘in the heart’ ~ y✏wrcyq ‘belonging to the heart’ E28/1r9.
— dkywt lb✏ ‘purity of heart’ ~ [zprt- ](y)✏wrqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/5r19.
— d-l✏ lb✏ ‘heartless’ ~ (p)[w- y✏wr] ‘id.’ E27/68r24.
— d-lb✏ ‘of the heart’ ~ S ⌦-y✏wrcyk ‘belonging to the heart’ Ps19.15*.
lbb pa el ‘to comfort’ ~ ty✏q br- ‘to give comfort’ E27/60r17.
— See also lb✏, lbyb✏yt.
lbw (√lb ) ‘clothing’ ~ n wdn ‘id.’ E27/56r26, 57r6, 68r25*.
lbyb yt (√lbb) ‘courageously’ ~ [pr] cyn✏wty✏ ‘with eagerness’ E28/9v13.
lby ‘clothed’ = lb p al pass. pt.

lbk p al ‘to take, hold, retain, take hold of, seize, undertake’ ~ ny✏s ‘id.’ E24c1.71; E26/27v25*;
~ pcx - ‘to take, hold, receive’ E27/60r23.
lbr (→brywt✏) ‘out, outside’ (adv.) ~ byq-s✏r ‘out, outwards, away’ E27/60r24, 66v18*; ~ byqp✏r
‘outside’ E23.240, 245; E27/v30; ≈ ny - ‘to go out’ E28/2av13.
— lbr mn (i) ‘outside’ (prep.) ~ byqp✏r cn ‘id.’ Mt21.39 E5/38v; E27/60r26; ~ cn ... [b]( s)✏ ‘id.’
E27/68r20*; (ii) ‘apart from, except’ ~ ny qr✏n cn ‘id.’ Mt5.32 E5/28r; ~ 1b q [cn?] ‘id.’ E27/
3r2.
— mn lbr ‘outwardly’ ≈ b qp✏rcyq adj. ‘outward, external’ E27/61v25.
lb p al ‘to wear, clothe oneself’ ~ 2d✏r ‘to have; to wear’ E27/55r20f, 56r26; ~ ptmync ‘to clothe
oneself’ Gal3.27 E6/3r; E26/27r8.
— p al pass. pt. (lby ) ‘clothed’: lbÿ y ✏lh✏ ‘(those) clothed in God’ ~ b ✏nyqt zprt ✏dyty ‘holy
ones of God’ E28/12v16.
— ap el ‘to clothe’ ~ ptmync ‘id.’ E27/57v23; ~ qr n✏w ptmync ‘to clothe in beauty, adorn’
Mt6.30 E1/2v.
— See also lbw ✏.
lgmr (√gmr) ‘altogether’ ~ ywp✏tqy ‘id.’ E27/83v4*.
— lgmr + l✏ ‘not at all’ ~ ✏yc + neg. ‘id.’ E27/87r4; ~ c ty + neg. ‘id.’ E28/5r15.
lw (→l✏) ‘not’ ~ ny ‘id.’ Jn1.20 E5/19r; E26/25r27; E27; E28.
— lw bl wd ‘not only’ ~ n̈✏ s✏t xwdq✏r ‘id.’ E25/1r19.
lwglg ‘prattling’ ~ q✏(n)[y✏] ‘id.’(?) E27/126v26.
lw⌥ ‘writing-tablet’ ~ 2pyd✏r ‘id.’ E29/1.
lw⌥m (√l m) ‘threat’ ~ zwydm✏ ‘id.’ E27/66v4.
lw✏ p al ‘to curse’ ~ pr bnt *wn-/qt- ‘to put under a interdict’ E28/9v26*.
— p al pass. pt. (ly ) ‘accursed’ ~ nfryty ‘id.’ Mt25.41 E5/126v; E28/9r21.
lwy p al ‘to accompany’ ~ ✏wr✏ y x- ‘to be a companion’ E27/40r14.
— etpa al ‘to accompany, associate (oneself), be a companion’ ~ 2✏bynt ‘to attach oneself, be
attached, associate (oneself), cleave’ E27/40v21; E30/4r9*; ~ ✏wr✏ y + b- ‘to be a companion’
E30/4r6*; ~ z✏wr br- ‘to assist, accompany’, lit. ‘to give power’ E26/28r27*.
— See also 1lwy✏.
1
lwy (√lwy) ‘companion’ ~ ✏wr✏ y ‘fellow-traveller, companion’ E27/4r5*.
2
lwy ‘Levite’ ~ l w✏yq ‘id.’ Jn1.19 E5/19r*.
lwqbl (√qbl) (i) ‘towards, against’ ~ ptryt ‘id.’ Mt5.39 E5/28v; E27; E28/4r21; (ii) ‘before, in
front (of)’ ~ S ryty ‘id.’ Ps51.5.
lwt (i) ‘to, towards’ ~ 2qw ... s✏(r) ‘id.’ E5; Tit3.2 E6/5r*; E23; E25/1v20*; E26; E27; E28; ~ s✏r
‘to’ E18v9f; E26/27v10; ~ cys✏r ‘into’ E23.127; (ii) ‘in the presence of, with, at, beside, by’ ~
nbnt ‘id.’ E5; E26/25v14*; E27/60r10, v11; ~ pynms✏r ‘before, in the presence of’ E27/60r4;
~ [dn] ... prw ‘with’ E27/48r3*.
— lwt ✏ylyn d- ‘to those who’ ~ (qywnt s)[✏ ...] ‘id.’ E28/5v18.
— lwth (i) ‘to him, towards him, to it’ ~ qyw s✏ ‘id.’ E27/60r13, 23, 87v19*; ~ 1wyny ‘to him’
E28/14r11; (ii) ‘beside him’ ~ tdy ‘there’ E26/24v21.
— lwthwn ‘to them’ ~ wy nt ‘id.’ E28/12r4.
— mn lwt ‘from the presence of, from’ ~ cn ‘from’ Lk2.15 E3r; Jn16.28 E5/79v; ~ cn ... ms✏
‘from, since, during’ Mt21.42 E5/38v, Jn16.27 E5/79v.
lzyzwt ‘annoyance’ ~ qwr y✏ ‘trouble’ E27/31r3; ~ b ✏xwty✏ ‘distress’ E27/31r5.
l wd ‘only’: see bl wd.
l⌥m etpa al ‘to threaten’ ~ zwydm✏ wn- ‘to make threats’ E27/104r8*, 111v1* (rest.!).
— See also lw m✏.
l⌥m ‘bread, loaf’ ~ n n- ‘id.’ Lk24.30 E5/72v; E23; E24c1.77; E26; E27; E28/7v8.
l✏y wt ‘sharpness’ ~ tr ✏wy ‘id.’ E27/31r15.
ly ‘accursed’ = lw p al pass. pt.
lyt ‘there is not’ ~ nyst(y) ‘id.’ NT+; Ps5.10, 19.7*; ~ [ny] m✏t ‘there was not’ E25/1v11f; ≈ p[w]
‘without’ E26/27v28.
— lyt + hwy p al inf. ‘it is not (possible) to be’ (cf. Nöldeke 1898, p. 216) ~ ny swq✏t bwt ‘one
cannot be’ E28/1v4.
— lyt ln ‘we do not have’, lit. ‘there is not to us’ ~ ny rbymsq ‘we do not know’ E24c1.90.
lk ‘hither’ ~ ms✏r ‘id.’ E26/30r34.
lly , pl. lÿlwt✏ ‘night’ ~ x p- ‘id.’ Mt27.64 E5/65v; E26; E27; E28/7v8; E29/5v12.
lm (particle indicating that a quotation follows) ~ m✏y ‘indeed’ E28/8r20*; ~ m✏y t ‘id.’ E28/
12v14.
lmp d , lmpyd✏ ‘lamp, torch’ ~ dmtyr ‘torch, candle’ E27/94r24, 102v19*; ~ zbr✏ t ‘lamp’ E26/
29r3.
ls✏y ‘robber’ ~ r✏ p✏n ‘id.’ E27/51v18.
l l (→⌘l) ‘above’ ~ sq✏tr ‘id.’ E27/13r29; ~ sm✏n ‘heaven’ E27/11v20.
— l⌘l mn ‘over, above’ ~ cn ... sqyp✏r ‘id.’ E23.113f, 171; ~ sqyp✏r (...) cn ‘id.’ E27/31v26, 57r19;
E28/14v10; ~ pr ‘id.’ E27/13r24, 24r6, 57r20.
— mn l⌘l ‘from above’ ~ cn sqy qyr✏n ‘from the upper direction’ E27/22v12*, 23r3*.
lpwt ‘according to’ ~ w✏fyd c✏nw ‘as, like’ E28/3r13.
l n ‘tongue, language’ ~ zb✏q ‘id.’ Lk1.64 E5/6r; Ps50.19; E27; E30/6v6.
m ‘what?’ ~ cw ‘id.’ Jn2.4 E5/21r*; Ps50.16; E24c1.39; E26/24v22, 25v9.
— kl-m✏ d- ‘all which’ ~ s✏t ✏ycy ... qy ‘everything which’ E28/4r21.
— m✏ (...) d- (i) ‘that which’ ~ ✏yc qt ‘the thing which’ Mt10.19 E5/75r; (ii) ‘when’ ~ c✏nw ‘id.’
E27; E28/7v8, 8v28; ~ c✏nw qt ‘id.’ E5.
— m✏ lk ‘what business do you have?’, lit. ‘what (is it) to you?’ ~ S t(w)[✏ ]cw ✏rk sty ‘what busi-
ness do you have?’ Ps50.16.
m ‘hundred’ ~ stw ‘id.’ Lk16.6, 7 E5/48r; E27/54r28, 64v27. For m✏tyn ‘two hundred’ see
separate entry.
— m✏✏ w- b⌘yn ‘one hundred and seventy’ ~ *stw-pnc✏s ‘one hundred and fifty’(!) E27/13r27.
m zlt (√✏zl) ‘departure’ ≈ wytr- ‘to go’ E27/12r14.
m kwlt (√✏kl) ‘food’ ~ xwrc✏q ‘id.’ E27/108r3; E28/65v14; ~ 3xwrt ‘id.’ E23.117.
m kl (√✏kl) ‘food’ ~ 3xwrt ‘id.’ E27/94v12*.
m mr (√✏mr) ‘speech, discourse’ ~ S s↵r✏cy ‘speech’ Ps19.3; ~ wy✏brty ‘discourse’ E28/3v28,
4r30. See also Sogd. s.v.
m n̈ (i) ‘clothes’ ~ x✏ ‘clothing, garment’ E27/60r24, 68v8; ~ n wdn ‘id.’ E26/30r30; (ii) ‘trap-
pings, gear’ ~ 1ptnym ‘id.’ E27/105r8.
m✏t ‘dying’ = mwt p al act. pt.
m tyn ‘two hundred’ ~ dwyst ‘id.’ E24c1.82.
— m✏tyn w-⌘sryn w-tlt ‘two hundred and twenty-three’ ~ dwysty[ ]y[wystmyq] ‘two hundred and
twenty-third’ E27/1r9.
m tyt (√✏ty) ‘coming, advent’ ~ ✏ys✏mnty ‘id.’ E24/2bv1; E26/23v12; E27.
mb✏ln (√b l) ‘destroying’ ~ w✏wry-qryny ‘id.’ E28/3v21*.
mbsrnwt✏ (√bsr) ‘contempt’: see s.v. msbrnwt✏ ‘suspicion’.
mbrk ‘blessed’ = brk pa el pass. pt.
mbrq ‘flashing’ = brq ap el pass. pt.
mgdl (→mgdly✏) ‘tower’ ~ s✏rb✏ ‘id.’ Mt21.33 E5/38r, Lk13.4 E5/34r.
mgdly , f. mgdlyt✏ (→mgdl✏) ‘of Magdala, Magdalene’ ~ mgdl✏yq ‘id.’ E36/1v9*.
mgw (→mgw wt✏) ‘magus’ ~ m w ‘id.’ E27; ~ xw tr mw - ‘chief magus, mobed’ E27/22r14,
23r6f*.
mgw wt (→mgw ✏) ‘magianism’ ~ mw y✏q ‘id.’ E27/1v23, 24.
— d-mgw wt✏ ‘of magianism’ ~ mw ✏ny ‘magian’ E27/1r24.
mgrt (√ngr) ‘prolongation’: mgrt rw ‘long-suffering, patience’ ~ y rtp✏znqy✏ ‘id.’ Col1.11
E32/2v.
mg m ‘corporeal’ = g m pa el pass. pt.
mdb⌥ (√db ) ‘altar’: see Sogd. s.v. mdb⇣✏.
mdbr (√dbr) ‘desert, wilderness’ ~ dx t- ‘id.’ Jn1.23 E5/19r; Ps29.8 (x2); E24c1.78; E26/31v1;
E27/60r2; E28/65v14; ≈ dx t✏cyq ‘belonging to the desert’ E26/24r25.
mdbrn (√dbr) ‘leader, bishop’ ~ pd✏rny ‘id.’, lit. ‘sustaining, nurturing’ E27/55v18; E27/48r21.
mdbrnwt (√dbr) ‘dispensation, providence’ ~ pyd✏rnqy✏ ‘id.’ E24c3.20.
mdyn ‘then, therefore’ ~ nwqr ‘now, next, then, therefore’ E27/48r5, 94r4; E28/2av13.
mdynt ‘town, city’ ~ qn ‘id.’ Mt10.15 E5/75r, Mt10.23 E5/75v (x2); E24c1.22; E26; E27;
E28/9v15; E29/8v7.
— d-mdynt✏ ‘of the city’ ~ kn cyq ‘belonging to the city’ E26/26v18.
mdm (i) ‘something, anything, thing’ ~ ✏c ‘id.’ E26/30r32; Ps19.10; ~ 1✏yc ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 4; ~
w✏x ‘word, thing’ E24c1.68; (ii) ‘some, any, some kind of’ ~ ✏yc ‘id.’ E27/77r3*; ~ ◆dc ‘id.’
E27/31v22.
— mdm mdm ‘various things’ ≈ yw ywtr ‘each one’ E28/9v17.
— mdm + l✏ ‘nothing; not at all’ ~ 1✏yc + neg. ‘nothing’ E5+; ~ id. ‘not at all’ E27/102v20.
mdm⌘ ‘weeping’ = dm⌘ pa el pt.
mdn⌥ (√dn ) ‘sunrise, east’ ~ xwrsn ‘id.’ E27/54v25, 26, 28; ~ xwrsnqyr✏n ‘eastern direction’
Mt2.1, 2 E3v*; E24c1.22; E28/9r13.
— gb✏ d-mdn ✏ ‘eastern direction’ ~ xwrsnqyr✏n ‘id.’ E26/5v16; ~ xwrsn ‘sunrise, east’ E26/
5v13.
md (√yd⌘) ‘understanding, comprehension’ ~ 1ptz✏n ‘id.’ Lk1.77 E5/6v; ~ S (p)[t r↵]ty✏ ‘id.’
Ps19.3; ~ m✏n ‘mind’ E27/31r26; E28/12r25.
— d-m̈d⌘✏ ‘of the minds’ ~ m✏ncyq ‘mental’ E24c2.20f.
— qn̈yy md⌘✏ w- kmt✏ ‘(those) who have acquired understanding and knowledge’ ~ rb✏qt ✏t
ptbst t ‘the wise and sensible’ E27/31r17.
mdr (√dr ) ‘hymn’: see Sogd. s.v.
1
mhymn [mhaymen], mhymn✏ ‘believing’ = hymn quad. act. pt.
2
mhymn [mhayman], mhymn✏ ‘trustworthy’ = hymn quad. pass. pt.
mhyr ‘skilled’ ~ nyx ‘profound; learned, wise’ E27/1r24.
mhm✏ ‘negligent’ = hmy ap el act. pt.
mhmynwt (√hmy) ‘negligence’ ≈ frqynn ‘negligent’ E27/60r3.
mwbl (√ybl) ‘burden, load’ ~ prbnty ‘id.’ E27/27v3.
mwdyn (√ydy) ‘confessor’ ~ *✏z✏nny ‘id.’ E27/48r21 (MS ✏zn✏n t for *✏z✏nn t!).
mwhbt (√yhb) ‘gift, favour’ ~ r✏t ‘gift’ E27/48v5*, 69v24; ~ y✏n b✏rqy✏ ‘grace, favour, blessing’
E27/31v25, 54v22, 57v9; E28/3r23f, 12r27.
— pl. mwḧbt✏ ‘gifts’ ~ r✏t (±yty) nm✏cq✏n ‘gifts and offerings’ E27/3v11*, 7v26.
mwhp✏ , mwp ✏ ‘mobed’ ~ mw ptw ‘id.’ E27.
mwkk (√mkk) ‘humiliation’ ~ my✏wy ‘id.’ E27/126r26.
mwld (√yld) ‘birth, giving birth’ ~ ✏ y✏mnty ‘birth’ Tit3.5 E6/5r; ~ zn✏mnty ‘giving birth’
Jn16.21 E5/79r.
mwly (√mly) ‘fulfilment, completion’ ~ [s]pty✏q ‘id.’ E28/3r16.
mwlkn (√mlk) ‘promise’ ~ 1wyst✏w ‘id.’ Gal3.29 E6/3r; E26/31v19; E27/77v15.
— pl. mẅlkn✏ ‘promises; counsels; goods’ ~ S yry c(w) wy[s]tw✏ ✏(ry) ‘the good things which
Thou hast promised’ Ps5.11 (see Schwartz in BT XXXII, 35).
mwm ‘blemish’ ~ n✏s ‘corruption’ E27/91r10; ~ ptry tqy ‘laceration’ E26/27v12*; ~ q- ‘dam-
age, harm’ E26/27v28*.
— d-l✏ mwm ‘untainted, without fault’ ~ S (p)[w-✏✏myk] ‘id.’ Ps19.8.
mwmt (√ymy) ‘oath’ ~ 2swqnt ‘id.’ Lk1.73 E5/6v; E27/69r15.
mwn ‘what?’: see mn✏.
mw yt ‘springing up, germination’ ≈ 2w c ‘to tremble, stir’ E28/5r15.
mwp ✏ ‘mobed’: see mwhp ✏.

mwq pa el ‘to mock, taunt’ ~ S sx✏nt ‘id.’ Ps50.20; ~ psxnt wn- ‘to make mockery’ Lk16.14 E5/
48v.
mw ‘Moses’ ~ [mw ✏y n]wm ‘Law of Moses’ Lk24.27 E5/72v. See also Sogd. s.v.
mwt p al ‘to die’ ~ myr- ‘id.’ Rom6.2 E32/1r, Rom6.8*, 9 E32/1v; E27; E28/3v18; ~ mwr̈t✏ x-
‘to be dead, die’ Rom6.7 E32/1v; ~ mrc *pc ✏z/pc t- ‘to receive death’ Rom6.10 E32/1v.
— p al act. pt. (m✏t) ‘dying’ ~ mwrty ‘dead’ E27/68v24.
— p al pass. pt. (myt, myt✏) ‘dead, dead (man)’ ~ mwrty ‘id.’ Jn5.25 E5/41r; Creed 10*; E23.83,
284; E28/2ar14, 10v17*.
— byt mÿt✏ ‘house/place of the dead’ ~ mwrty-d✏m ‘realm of the dead’ Lk24.46 E5/83v; Rom6.4
E32/1r, Rom6.9 E32/1v*; ~ frwrtqty ‘tomb’ E27/57r10.
— p al inf.: qryb ... l-mmt ‘near to die’ ~ pnt-mrc ‘close to death, about to die’ E27/60v27.
— ap el ‘to cause to die’ ~ ptxw✏y ‘to kill, put to death’ Mt10.21 E5/75v; E28/14v2; ~ ptwy ‘to
kill off’ E27/102v21.
— See also mwt✏, mwtn✏, mywt✏, mytwt✏.
mwt (√mwt) ‘death’ ~ mrc ‘id.’ E5+.
— dyn✏ d-mwt✏ ‘sentence of death’ ≈ mrc bn ✏m *b-/qt- ‘to be sentenced to death’ E24c2.2.
— msm-b-r ✏ d-mwt✏ ‘penalty of death’ ~ mrcy bnt✏m pwsty ‘death sentence document’
E24c2.1f.
— qbl pa el + mwt✏ ‘to receive death’ ~ mrc *pc ✏z/pc t- ‘id.’ E27/1r5.
— ⌘pr✏ d-mwt✏ ‘dust of death’ ~ S ]mrcxw(r)[m] ‘id.’ Ps22.16.
mwtn (√mwt) ‘pestilence’ ~ r✏f ‘disease’ E26/5v11.
mwtr ‘profitable’ = ytr ap el pt.
mzg p al ‘to mix’ ~ wsyr ‘id.’ E26/31v12.
— etp el or etpa al ‘to be mixed’ ~ past inf. ptrỵsty ‘id.’ E27/31v12.
— See also mmzg✏yt.
mzdy ‘celebrated’ = zw etpa al pt.
mzdll ‘contemptible’ = zll etpa al pt.
mzwrt ‘cudgel, mallet-blow’: pl. mzwr̈t✏ ~ z✏ry✏wy ‘torment, torture’(!) E27/69r24.
mzmwr (√zmr) ‘Psalm’ ~ ([mzmwr]ty sp✏s ‘service of the Psalms’ E28/2ar3(?); pl. mzmwr̈✏ ~
(m)[zmwrty pws]ty(t) ‘the books of the Psalms’ Lk24.44 E5/83v(?). See also Sogd. s.v.
mzmwr-.
m⌥bln (√ bl) ‘destroyer’ ~ ny ny ‘destroying, destructive’ E27/12r2.
m⌥d , mn d✏ ‘immediately’ ~ ywny ‘id.’ Lk1.64 E5/6r, Lk12.36 E5/130r, Lk24.31 E5/72v; E27;
~ [pr] wy✏q ‘on the spot, immediately’ E26/27r23f; ~ wydn ✏m ‘at that time, then’ E26/
31v23(?); ~ rt ‘quickly’ E27/69r19.
m⌥wt (√m y) ‘wound, scourge, beating’ ~ d- ‘id.’ E27/1v18, 69r24; E28/1v12, 13.
m⌥y p al (i) ‘to hit, strike, wound, afflict’ ~ pyz ‘id.’ Mt5.39 E5/28v; E28/9v23, 26; ≈ nqcn
‘piercing’(?) (noun) E27/51v15*; (ii) ‘to be diffused’ (of an odour): see s.v. pw .
— etp el or etpa al ‘to be struck, be afflicted’ ~ py ty b- ‘id.’ E28/1v11.
— See also m wt✏.

m yd, m yd✏ ‘united’ = wd pa el pass. pt.
m⌥ylwt (→m ÿlt✏) ‘weakness’ ~ nyz✏wry✏ ‘id.’ E28/1r16; ~ mn z✏wry✏ ‘id.’ E24c3.6f.
m⌥ÿlt (→m ylwt✏) ‘weakness’ ~ nyz✏wry✏ ‘id.’ E28/1r7.
m⌥yn (√ yy) ‘reviver, life-giver’ ~ ✏ ✏wny ‘life-giving, life-giver’ Tit3.4 E6/5r, Tit3.6 E6/5v;
Creed 11.
— m ynn ‘Our Life-giver’ ~ xwtw y w ‘the Lord Jesus’ E27/57r22.
m⌥l✏ yt (√ l ) ‘in a mixed way’ ~ ptrystqy✏ ‘(in) a mixed way’ E28/14v6.
m⌥lln ‘cleanser’, f. m llnyt✏ ~ zprt-✏wd✏my ‘making pure, purifying’ E26/27r10(?).
m sy ‘absolved’ = sy pa el pass. pt.
m⌥r ‘tomorrow’ ~ wc✏q ‘id.’ Mt6.30 E1/2v; E28/5r26*.
m rr ‘free’ = rr pa el pt.
m⌥ bt (√ b) ‘thought, intention’ ~ m✏r✏ ‘thought, thinking’ Lk24.38 E5/83r; Ps33.10*; E27.
m⌥ wl ‘storm, tempest’ ~ ✏ywzy ‘id.’ E27/40r12.
m⌥tmn (√ tm) ‘sealer, consummator’ ~ t✏p ✏wst n ‘setting the seal’ E27/55r23.
m✏wny ‘genuflexion, obeisance’: see Sogd. s.v. *mtwny✏.
m✏y p al ‘to reach, arrive’ ~ b✏w ‘to reach’ E27/39r1, 60r6; ~ prys ‘to arrive’ Mt21.34 E5/38r;
Gal4.4 E6/3v; E26/28v6; E27; E28/5v14, 23; ~ pnt *prys/pr✏ t ‘to come near’ Mt24.33 E5/
51v, Jn16.21 E5/79r; ~ w- ‘to go’ E28/9v30(?).
— p al: qryb ... d-nm ✏ ‘(to be) near to arriving’ ~ pnt *prys/pr✏ t ‘to come near’ E26/32v16*.
— pa el ‘to arrive’ ~ prys ‘id.’ E24c2.12; E27/26v1*(?), 87v10; ~ ny - ‘to go out, depart, go
away’ E27/68r16.
— etpa al ‘to reach, arrive, come, befall’ ~ b✏w ‘to reach’ E27/91r5; E28/7r22; ~ S *prys/pr✏ t
‘to arrive, come, befall’ Hymn 5; ~ w- ‘to go’ E28/9v30(?).
m yb ‘prepared’ = yb pa el pass. pt.
m✏l ‘because of, on account of, for the sake of; concerning’ ~ cn ... pyd✏r ‘id.’ E5; E26/31r31,
v32; E27; E28; Ps5.9; Creed 5 (x2); ~ cn cywyd ‘from that’ E27/23r5; ~ cymyd ... pyd✏r
‘concerning this ...’ E27/68v27f*.
— m l d- ‘because’ ~ cywy pyd✏r qt/m✏t ‘id.’ NT; Ps; E23.99, 164; E24c3.11, 20; E26; E28/9v8;
~ cyw(y )y [py]d✏r p✏ ‘id.’ E30/6r9f; ~ cymydy pyd✏r w✏nqt ‘id.’ E28/1v5; ~ prywy p✏(t) ‘id.’
E27; E28/8v13*, 109v29; E30/6v3, 17; ~ prywyd qt/qyt ‘id.’ E27; E28/7v18; ~ prywyd yty
‘id.’ E27/7r25*, 17r3*; ~ 1p✏t ‘for, because’ Ps6.3; E25/1r10*(?); E27; ~ w✏nqt ‘so that’(!)
E27/69v20f.
— m l hẏ ‘because of that’ ~ cywyd w✏x y pyd✏r ‘because of that saying’ E27/55v23f, 56r8.
— m l (...) hd✏/hn✏ ‘because of this, concerning this ...’ ~ cymy y pyd✏r ‘therefore’ E5; 1Cor5.8
E6/7r; ~ cywy pyd✏r ‘because of that, therefore’ Col1.9 E32/2r*; E23.103; ~ cymnt pyd✏r
‘therefore’ E27/60v18, 61r18; ~ cymyd ... pyd✏r ‘concerning this ...’ E27/60v20.
— m l mn✏/mn ‘because of what? why?’ ~ pr cwty ‘why?’ E27/40r14, 68v25, 69r14*; ~ cw pyd✏r
‘id.’ E24c1.45; ~ cqn✏ pyd✏r ‘id.’ E27/87v8f*.
— m lth/m ltḣ ‘for his/its sake, because of it’ ~ cyw pyd✏r ‘concerning him/it, on account of him/
it, for it’ Hymn 7; E27/60r30, 66r6, 68r5; E28/3r12; ~ cywyd pyd✏r ‘because of that, there-
fore’ E27/102r20.
m✏ll (√ ll) ‘shelter, dwelling’ ~ sy✏q ‘shade, shelter, dwelling’ Lk16.9 E5/48v.
m✏r ‘rain’ ~ w✏r ‘id.’ Ps11.6*; E26/5v14, 18; ~ w✏rnmpy ‘rainwater’ E27/94v22.
m y ‘hidden’ = y pa el pass. pt.
mÿ ‘water’ ~ ✏p ‘id.’ E5+.
mywt (√mwt) ‘mortal’ ~ myryny ‘id.’ E27/57v6.
— l✏ mywt✏ ‘undying, immortal’ ~ n✏-myryny ‘id.’ E18r5f*; E27/57v9*.
my✏r pwly✏ , my✏rpwly✏ ‘metropolitan’: see Sogd. s.v. mytr✏pwlyt✏.
myl ‘mile’ ~ fsx ‘parasang’ Mt5.41 E5/28v.
myms ‘jester’ ~ sxntqry ‘id.’ E26/24r29, 25r1.
— pl. mÿms✏ ‘jesters’ ~ sxntqryt n✏f(t) ‘id.’, lit. ‘people who make jokes’ E26/24r29*, 25r1.
myqr ‘honoured’ = yqr pa el pt.
myt, myt✏ ‘dead’ = mwt p al pass. pt.
mytwt (√mwt) ‘deadness, mortality’ ~ mwrt✏wy ‘id.’ E27/126r28.
mytr ‘excellent’ = ytr pa el pt.
mytrwt (√ytr) ‘excellence, virtue’ ~ ✏nwxy✏ ‘id.’ E28/7r3.
mkyk (√mkk) ‘cast down, prostrate, lowly, humble’ ~ p ✏ty ‘cast down, lying’ E27/77v18*,
94r8; ~ nyznt ‘humble’ E27/94r5; ~ xwy✏r ‘light, insignificant, mean’ E27/94r9.
mkykwt (√mkk) ‘humility’ ~ nyznty✏ ‘id.’ E27/31r11, 61r26, 91v10; E28/7v23*, 8v21.
mkyl ‘since that time, henceforth, now’ ~ q y ‘now’ Ps12.6; E26/27r3*, 22, 32v8; ~ nwqr ‘now,
next, then’ Gal3.29 E6/3r*; ~ nwqr q y ‘now’ E27/60v16; ~ cywn mc✏ ‘since that’
E24c1.82.
mkyr ‘betrothed’ ~ p y ‘id.’ E27/13v20.
mkk ap el ‘to humble’ ~ my- wn- ‘id.’ E27/94r27.
— etpa al ‘to be humbled’ ~ my- b- ‘id.’ E28/7v17.
— See also mwkk✏, mkyk✏, mkykwt✏.
mkn ‘natural’ = kwn ap el pass. pt.
mks ‘tax-gatherer’ ~ bw br ‘id.’ Mt21.31*, 32 E5/38r; E27/94r1.
mksnwt (√kss) ‘reproof, rebuke’ ~ nxrysty✏ ‘id.’ E28/9r15f*, v17.
mktbnwt (√ktb) ‘writing, chronicle’ ~ npx ty ‘id.’ E24c1.89.
ml✏, mly✏ ‘full’ = mly p al pass. pt.
ml (√mly) ‘fullness’ ~ S pwrn✏wy ‘id.’ Ps24.1.
ml k (i) ‘angel’ ~ fry ty ‘id.’ Lk2.13 E3r*; Mt16.27 E5/127r*, Mt25.31 E5/125v, Lk24.23 E5/
72r*; Ps34.8; E23.116, 166; E24c3.4; E26/27r16, 31r14, 32v2*; E27; E28; (ii) ‘messenger,
angel (of Satan)’ ~ nt ‘messenger’ Mt25.41 E5/126v; E27/48r17.
mlwn ‘all the more, especially’ ~ tym (...) fy✏tr ‘yet more’ E27/40r9, 19f, v23.
mly p al ‘to fill’ ~ pwrn- + wn- ‘to make full’ E27/40r13.
— p al pass. pt. (ml✏, mly✏) ‘full’ ~ pwrn- ‘id.’ E23.123; E26/23v26; E27/40v1*, 94r9, 10; E28/
9v13.
— pa el ‘to fulfil’ ~ spty wn-/qt- ‘to make complete’ E27/57r22, 108r12*.
— etp el ‘to be filled’ ~ pwrn- + *b-/qt- ‘to become full’ Lk1.67 E5/6r; Col1.9 E32/2r*.
— ⇥ap el ‘to finish, complete, fulfil’, e⇥tap al ‘to be completed, be fulfilled’: see mly.
— See also ml✏✏, mwly✏, mly✏yt.
mly yt (√mly) ‘fully, completely’ ~ pr spty✏q ‘id.’ E27/31v14.
mlk p al ‘to advise’ ~ ny✏-ptnymy✏ wn- ‘id.’ E27/102v23; ~ n✏ br- ‘to give advice’ E27/
104v12*.
— ap el (i) ‘to reign, rule’ ~ x y- ‘id.’ E27/1r10; ~ x ywny nyd ‘id.’, lit. ‘to sit (as) king’
E23.203; ~ p✏tx ✏wn b- ‘to be in authority’ Lk19.27 E5/125v*; (ii) ‘to put in authority, cause
to rule’ ~ p✏tx ✏wn wn-/qt- ‘id.’ E27/54r23.
— etp el or etpa al ‘to take counsel’ ~ nbyr ‘id.’ E30/6r19.
— See also mwlkn✏, 1mlk✏, 2mlk✏, mlkwt✏, mlkt✏.
1
mlk (√mlk) ‘advice, counsel’ ~ ny✏-ptnymy✏ ‘id.’ E27/31r12f, 55v19; ~ S n↵yr✏ ‘plan’ Ps33.10.
2
mlk (√mlk) ‘king’ ~ x ywny ‘id.’ Mt10.18 E5/75r; Mt25.34, 40 E5/126r; Ps; Hymn 8; E18v5*;
E23; E24; E26/5v15, 31; E27; ~ mzyx xw ywny ‘great king’ E27/25r2f, 77v13.
— mlk m̈lk✏ ‘king of kings’ ~ mzyx xw ywny ‘great king’ E27/23r25.
mlkwt (√mlk) (i) ‘kingdom, kingship, reign, majesty; (as a form of address:) (Your) Majesty’ ~
x ywnqy✏ ‘id.’ Mt16.28 E5/127v*; E24c1.43; E27; ~ x ✏wn ‘power, kingly power, kingdom’
Col1.13 E32/2v; E27/69v22; E29/4r12; ≈ x wny *nyd/nst- ‘to reign’, lit. ‘to sit (as) king’
E24c1.18; (ii) ‘kingdom (of heaven)’ ~ w tm✏x ‘heaven, heavenly kingdom, Paradise’
Mt21.31 E5/38r*, Mt25.34 E5/126r; E28.
— d-mlkwt✏ ‘of kingship’ ~ x ywny-mync ‘kingly’ E23.194.
109v*; E26/27r11; E27/48r9; E28/7v11.
— mlkwt✏ mynyt✏ ‘heavenly kingdom’ ~ sm✏ncyq w tm✏x ‘heavenly Paradise’ E24c2.24.
— pl yn d-mlkwt✏ ‘palace of the kingdom’ ~ x wny yqn ‘king’s palace’ E24c3.9.
— tg✏ d-mlkwt✏ ‘crown of kingship’ ~ x ywny ‘king’ E28/1v10.
— tryn✏ d-mlkwt✏ ‘second in the kingdom’ ~ dbtyq x ywny ‘second king’ E23.193.
mlkt (√mlk) ‘queen’ ~ x ywnc ‘id.’ E23.305*; E24; E27/66r4, v7; ~ xwtyn ‘lady, mistress,
queen’ E28/27r19*(?).
mll pa el ‘to speak, talk, say’ ~ ✏y ‘id.’ E5; Ps34.14; E28/14v6; ~ w✏b ‘to say, speak, tell’
Ps5.7*, 50.19; E24c1.39; E27/77v10* (rest.!); ~ sfr✏cy ... *wn-/qt- ‘to speak’ E27/12r9.
— etpa al ‘to be spoken, be told’ ~ ✏ty b-/qt- ‘id.’ Lk2.17*, 18*, 20 E3v; Lk1.65 E5/6r.
— etpa al pt. (mtmll) (+ l✏) ‘cannot be told’ ~ prbyr itr. pot. (+ neg.) ‘id.’ E27/104r9, 13.
— See also mlt✏, mmll✏.
mlpn (√ylp) ‘teacher’ ~ xw ty ‘master, teacher’ E27/11r26*, 48r22, 56v30. See also Sogd. s.v.
*mlpn✏.
mlpnwt (√ylp) ‘teaching’ ~ ywq- brynqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/14v14.
mlt , pl. m̈l✏ (√mll) (i) ‘word, saying, speech, remark, sentence, verse; thing’ ~ w✏x ‘id.’ NT+;
Ps19.4*; ~ sfr✏cy ‘speech, utterance, word’ Ps19.5*; E26/29v2; E27/26v5; ~ frm✏n ‘command-
ment’ Ps50.17; E27/69v19; (ii) ‘cause’ ~ ptyrn ‘cause, reason’ Mt5.32 E5/28r*.
— m m n✏ d-mlt✏ ‘minister of the word’, i.e. ‘messenger’ ~ nt ‘id.’ E23.162, 232.
mmwn ‘mammon, money’ ~ r✏my ‘money, wealth’ Lk16.9 E5/48r, Lk16.11, 13 E5/48v; E27/
55v28.
mmzg yt (√mzg) ‘in a mixed way’ ~ pr ptrystqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/14v12.
̈
mmll (√mll) ‘conversation’: see Sogd. s.v. mmll✏ dsb✏.
mmtwm ‘ever’: see mtwm.
1
mn ‘from, out of, since, of, by, with, at, on, concerning, because of, than’ etc. ~ cn ‘id.’ E5+;
Ps; Hymn 6; Creed; ~ cn ... s✏r ‘from’ E26/32r5; ~ cn ... ms✏ ‘from, since, during’ E5; Ps24.9*;
E27/54v19; E28/5r23; ~ cn ... pyd✏r ‘on account of’ E27/61v22f, 23 (x2), 24; E28/2av9*(?); ~
cn ... byq-s✏r ‘out of, away from’ E27/87v13; ~ cn ... c✏dr-s✏r ‘down from’ E29/1v8f; ~ (±cn)
cymyd ‘from this’ E26/30v15; E27/94r18; E28/12v4; ~ [cn ]cywnt ‘from those’ E28/14r5; ~
(±cn) cywyd ‘from that’ Ps5.11; E27; E28/24r7; *cywn (MS qywn !) ... mc✏r ‘since that’
Col1.9 E32/2r; ~ [cn cyw](y)d ... (m)s✏ ‘id.’ E27/23r12; ~ pr ‘in, with’ E25/1v16; E28/12v10;
~ pr ... dsty ‘by means of’ E26/24r35; ~ 2qw ... s✏(r) ‘to’(!) E26/31v6.
— mny ‘from me’ ~ c✏m✏ ‘id.’ E29/2v9*; ~ cn c✏m✏ ‘id.’ E23.180; E24c3.17.
— mnk/mnky ‘from you, than you’ ~ c✏f✏ ‘id.’ E27/23r26, 94v11, 102v22*; ~ cn c✏f✏ ‘from
you’ E23.249; E26/31v27.
— mnh, mnḣ ‘from it, of it, by it, than it’ ~ cyw ‘by it’ E27/40v12; ~ c[ywy ] ‘from that’
E26/28r14; ~ cn cymnty ‘of it’ E26/31v9; ~ cymy ‘id.’ E26/31v13; ~ (cy)[wyd] ‘than that’
E28/8v14.
— mnhwn ‘from them’ ~ cy[mnty] ‘from these’ E27/94v13*; ~ cywnty ‘from those’ E28/
5r19*, 14r4.
— bl⌘d mn ‘without’ ~ pw cn ‘id.’ Mt10.29 E5/76r*.
— d-l✏ mn ‘id.’ ~ pw cn ‘id.’ E27/31v21.
— d mn d ‘one from another’ ~ yw cn dbtyq ‘id.’ Mt25.32 E5/125v*.
— b mn ‘rather than’ ~ c✏nw ‘than’ E30/6v5.
— lbr mn (i) ‘outside’ (prep.) ~ byqp✏r cn ‘id.’ Mt21.39 E5/38v; E27/60r26; ~ cn ... [b]( s)✏ ‘id.’
E27/68r20*; (ii) ‘apart from, except’ ~ ny qr✏n cn ‘id.’ Mt5.32 E5/28r; ~ 1b q [cn?] ‘id.’ E27/
3r2.
— l⌘l mn ‘over, above’ ~ cn ... sqyp✏r ‘id.’ E23.113f, 171; ~ sqyp✏r (...) cn ‘id.’ E27/31v26, 57r19;
E28/14v10; ~ pr ‘id.’ E27/13r24, 24r6, 57r20.
— mn ✏yk✏ ‘whence?’ ~ cqn✏ ‘from which? whence?’ E27/102v18*; ~ 1qw ‘where?’ E26/30r34; ~
c✏nw ‘how?’ E28/9r24.
— mn ✏ylyn d- ‘of those (things) which’ ~ cywnt [...] ‘of those [...]’ E28/2ar3.
— mn ✏ymk✏ ‘whence?’ ~ cn 1qw ms✏ ‘id.’ Jn9.29 E5/101r, Jn9.30 E5/101v.
— mn ✏yn✏ d- ‘from him who’ ~ cywydy qy ‘from that one who’ E28/1v10.
— mn br yt ‘from the beginning’ ~ cn ✏✏ ✏zy ‘id.’ E26/26r12; ~ [cn ✏]( )✏z m(r)t(s)[✏](r)[ ‘since the
beginning’ E26/27r29.
— mn btr ‘after’ (prep.) ~ cn ... p ys✏ ‘id.’ E27/55r25f.
— mn btr d- ‘after’ (conj.) ~ cn cywy py trw qt ‘id.’ 1Cor11.25 E6/7v.
— mn btrkn ‘afterwards’ ~ cywyd py trw ‘id.’ E27/60r8, 94r5f*.
— mn gwḣ d- ‘from within’ ~ pr ‘in’ E27/69r13.
— mn d- ‘after, since’ ~ c✏nw ‘when, since’ E28/4r18, 9v16; ~ cywy ms✏ qt ‘id.’ Lk24.21 E5/
72r; ~ p [n]m m✏t ‘before’(!) E27/12v4.
E6/5r.
— mn (...) h⌥ ‘from that, than that’ ~ cn (cywy)[d] ‘from that’ E27/1v7; ~ [cy]wyd ‘than that
(person)’ E27/94r4.
— mn (...) hlyn ‘of/than these’ ~ (±cn) cymnt ‘id.’ E27/48r19; E28/3r26, 7v25, 26.
̈
— mn hlyn ḥy✏ ‘from this life’ (pl. tantum) ~ [cn] cymyt w✏ ‘id.’ E23A8.
— mn (...) hd✏/hn✏ ‘from/of this’ ~ (±cn) cymyd ‘id.’ E26/26r14; E27/40v13*, 55v20, 65r25;
E28/14r16*.
— mn hrk✏ ‘hence, henceforward’ ~ cywyd b ys✏ ‘apart from that’(?) E27/31v6.
— mn d✏: see m d✏.
— mn lbr ‘outwardly’ ≈ b qp✏rcyq adj. ‘outward, external’ E27/61v25.
— mn lwt ‘from the presence of, from’ ~ cn ‘from’ Lk2.15 E3r; Jn16.28 E5/79v; ~ cn ... ms✏
‘from, since, during’ Mt21.42 E5/38v, Jn16.27 E5/79v.
— mn l⌘l ‘from above’ ~ cn sqy qyr✏n ‘from the upper direction’ E27/22v12*, 23r3*.
— mn mtwm, mmtwm ‘ever’: see mtwm.
— mn sw⇥y my✏ ‘from the borders of heaven’ ~ S [cn] sm✏n ✏✏ ✏ẓ ‘from the beginning of heaven’
Ps19.7.
— mn ⌘lm ‘from eternity’ ~ cn ✏yqwn ms✏ ‘since eternity’ Lk1.70 E5/6r, Jn9.32 E5/101v; ~ cn
fcmbd ✏ ✏z mrts✏r ‘since the beginning of the world’ E26/26r21f*, v11f*; ~ S cn ✏✏ ✏ẓ mrts✏r
‘from/since the beginning’ Ps24.9*.
— mn ⌘lt ‘because of’ ~ cn ‘from’ E27/31v1.
— mn qdym ‘formerly, previously, beforehand’ ~ cn ftm✏ ‘id.’ Lk1.2 E4; Jn9.13 E5/100r; Tit3.3
E6/5r*; ~ cn ✏✏ ✏zy ‘from the beginning’ E26/27v15; ≈ pyrnmcyq ‘previous, former’ E27/
55v16; ≈ cn ... pyrnmstr ‘before’ E23.198f.
— mn qdm (i) ‘from the presence of, from’ ~ cn ‘from’ E24c2.4, 6; (ii) ‘before (in time or
place), in the presence of’ ~ cn ... pyrnms✏r ‘id.’ E27/61r17; E28/14v27; ~ cn ... pyrnmstr
‘before (in time)’ E27/11r28*; ~ pyrnmstr ‘first, before, previously’ E24c1.92; ≈ pyrnmstr
‘former’ E26/25v24*.
— mn qdm d- ‘before’ (conj.) ~ pynms✏ mnt ‘id.’ E28/12r17.
— mn qdm ⌘ÿny ‘before my eyes’ ~ [mn✏ ✏ngm✏]ny(?) ‘id.’ E27/126r25.
— mn rw q✏ ‘from a distance’ ~ cn dw(r)[y] ‘from afar’ E26/31v15.
— mn ly/ ly✏ ‘suddenly’ ~ cn pcp✏tq ‘id.’ Lk2.13 E3r; ~ p p✏cyq ‘id.’ E27/54v28.
— mn my✏ ‘from heaven’ ~ sm✏ncyq heavenly’ E23.117.
— mn tmn ‘thence’ ~ cn cywyd rwt ‘from that river’ E27/23r11.
— mn tr̈myth d-⌘lm✏ ‘from the foundation of the world’ ~ cn fcmpd ◆ ✏z *pyrnms✏ ‘from before
the beginning of the world’ Jn17.24 E5/83r.
— h✏ mn kl ‘devoid of everything’ ~ pw-bry ‘fruitless, barren’ E27/31r19.
2
mn ‘who? which?’ ~ 1qy ‘id.’ E5; Ps; E24c1.77; E26/30r30, 32r2; E27/13v17; E36.
— h⌥ mn d- ‘he who’ ~ xwny qy ‘id.’ E28/3v18.
— mn d- ‘he/him who’ ~ xwny qy/qyt ‘id.’ E27/31r1, 69r20, 94r27; E28/2ar16* (rest.!); ~ xwny
✏dy (...) qt ‘that person who’ E5.
mn , 3mn, mwn (i) ‘what?’ ~ cw ‘id.’ NT+; ~ qd✏m ‘id.’ E27/13v22, 61r28; ~ cw ✏yc ‘what
thing?’ E26/25v9; (ii) ‘why?’ ~ cw ‘id.’ Jn1.25 E5/19r; Lk24.38 E5/83r (x2); E26/30r26.
— b-mwn, b-mn✏ ‘by what?’ ~ c✏nw ‘how?’ E27/61v27; ~ pr cw fr n✏ ‘in what way?’ E26/27r5*.
— l-mn✏ ‘for what (reason)? why?’ ~ pr cwty ‘why?’ Lk19.23 E5/125r; E27/5v29*, 69v17; ~ cw
pyd✏r ‘id.’ E23.198, 262; E25/1r17; ~ cw ‘id.’ E26/25v13.
— m l mn✏/mn ‘because of what? why?’ ~ pr cwty ‘why?’ E27/40r14, 68v25, 69r14*; ~ cw pyd✏r
‘id.’ E24c1.45; ~ cqn✏ pyd✏r ‘id.’ E27/87v8f*.
m̈n✏, m̈nyn: see 2mnt✏.
mnhr ‘alight’ = nhr ap el pt.
mn ‘content’ = nw ap el pass. pt.
mny p al ‘to count’ ~ pcmr- ‘id.’ Mt10.30 E5/76r.
— See also mny✏, mnyn✏, 1mnt✏.
mny (√mny) ‘mina, pound’ ~ pcm✏r ‘id.’ Lk19 E5/125 passim.
mnyn (√mny) (i) ‘number, reckoning’ ~ pcm✏r ‘id.’ E27/64v27; (ii) ‘(Book of) Numbers’: see
Sogd. s.v.
— d-l✏ mnyn ‘countless, innumerable’ ~ pw-pcm✏r ‘id.’ E27/12v20; E28/7r23*.
mnrt (→nwr✏, nwrn✏) ‘lamp-stand, candlestick’ ~ cr -d✏ry ‘id.’ E28/4v29.
1
mnt (√mny) ‘part, share’ ~ ptyfnw ‘id.’ Lk10.42 E5/91v; ~ S [pty✏](p) ‘id.’ Ps50.18.
2
mnt , pl. m̈n✏, m̈nyn ‘hair, string’:
— pl. m̈n✏ ‘(individual) hairs’ ~ w- ‘hair’ Mt10.30 E5/76r*.
msb (√nsb) ‘taking, receiving, reception’ ~ byr✏mnty ‘receiving, reception’ E27/57v13; ~
✏s✏mnty ‘taking’ E27/57v6*(?).
— msb b-✏⇥✏ ‘hypocrisy, prejudice’ ~ ptryt-nm✏nqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/1v6f; ~ [ptryt]-nm✏ny✏ ‘id.’ E27/
56r6.
msbrnwt (√sbr) ‘suspicion’ ~ xwy✏ry✏ ‘lightness, disrepute’(!) E27/57v15. The translator evid-
ently read *mbsrnwt✏ ‘contempt’, see BT XII, 117.
msybrnwt (√sybr) ‘patience’ ~ pt✏wp✏zny✏ ‘id.’ E27.
mskn , mskyn✏ ‘poor, wretched’ ~ d tw✏n ‘poor’ E25/1v11; E26/31v6; E27/105v6; E30/4v19; ~
b xry ‘unfortunate, wretched’ E26/28v18.
msm-b-r , msm-b-ry ✏ (√sym) ‘punishment’ ~ p✏tfr✏s ‘id.’ E27/26r9, 57v17; ~ pcxwny ‘disgrace,
reproach’ E28/9v27; ~ [p✏tfr✏]s + pcxwny E28/9r17.
— msm-b-r ✏ d-mwt✏ ‘penalty of death’ ~ mrcy bnt✏m pwsty ‘death sentence document’
E24c2.1f.
msqt (√slq) ‘rising’ (noun) ~ sn✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/57r4*, 4.
msrhb yt (√srhb) ‘hastily’ ~ pr tr p b✏r ‘in swift haste’ Lk2.16 E3r; E27/12r7.
msrq ‘empty’ = srq pa el pass. pt.
mstlynwt (√sly) ‘rejection’ ~ pcqw✏mntqy✏ ‘id.’ Rom11.15 E6/5v*.
m⌘bd ‘performed’ = ⌘bd ap el pass. pt.
m brt (√⌘br) ‘crossing, ford’ ~ t ✏m ‘id.’ E28/7v9.
m⌘d ‘customary’ = ⌘wd ap el pass. pt.
m hdn̈ (√⌘hd) ‘remembrancers, reminders’ ~ y(✏)[ ✏brny]t(?) ‘id.’ E28/7r2.
m wkn (√⌘wk) ‘hinderer’: f. m⌘wknyt✏ ‘obstacle, hindrance’ ~ pcxw✏q ‘id.’ E26/32v3.
m⌘ly ‘superior’ = ⌘ly pa el pass. pt.
m mwdyt (√⌘md) ‘baptism’ ~ sn✏m ‘id.’ Rom6.4 E32/1r; E23.62*; E26/27r9, 25.
— d-m⌘mwdyt✏ ‘of baptism’ ~ sn✏mcyq ‘baptismal’ E26/27v18.
m mr (√⌘mr) ‘dwelling’ ~ myn✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/13v26; E28/4v20f* (rest.!), 12v14.
m rt ‘wine-press’ ~ crxw t ‘id.’ Mt21.33 E5/38r.
m⌘q ‘distressed’ = ⌘wq ap el pass. pt.
m rb (√⌘rb) ‘sunset, west’ ~ xwr-txyz ‘id.’ E27/54v26.
— gb✏ d-m⌘rb✏ ‘western direction’ ~ xwrtxyzqyr✏n ‘id.’ E26/5v26*.
m rt , pl. m⌘r̈✏ ‘cave, cell’ ~ bwn ‘hole, cave, cell’ E27/77r10, 16*; E28/2av4, 65v12.
mpwlt , pl. m̈plt✏ (√npl) ‘fall, falling’ ~ 2✏mpt ‘id.’ E28/12r7.
mps ‘informed’ = pys ap el pass. pt.
mpqn (√npq) (i) ‘departure’ (also as a euphemism for ‘death’) ~ ny ✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/48r2,
60r28, 108r1*; ~ ftyr✏mnty ‘passing’ E27/60v11; E30/1v17; (ii) ‘(Book of) Exodus’: see
Sogd. s.v.
mpqt (√npq) ‘departure’ ~ ny ✏mnty ‘id.’ (also as a euphemism for ‘death’) E27; E28/4r27, 28.
mprnsnwt (√prns) ‘providence’ ~ b ✏nyq ✏brz ‘divine agency’ E27/31r8.
mprsy ‘exposed’ ~ wydb ty ‘id.’ E26/31r12.
mp qn (√p q) (i) ‘interpreter’ ~ wydb✏ -qryny ‘id.’ E28/12r21; (ii) ‘the Interpreter’, as title of
Theodore of Mopsuestia: see Sogd. s.v. *mp qn✏.
m⌧bt ‘adorned’ = ⌧bt pa el pass. pt.
m wt (√n⌧y) ‘strife’ ~ ✏xwnc ‘id.’ E30/6v14*.
m y p al ‘to be able, have power’ ~ qt✏ wn- ‘to be able to do’ E24c1.84; E27/13v27, 60v18,
61v27; E28/4v20*; ~ rxn- ‘to venture, dare’ E27/25r3f; ≈ x ✏wn ‘power’ E23.267.
— p al pass. pt. (m⌧✏, m⌧y✏) (i) ‘able’ ~ ✏ ty ‘equal, capable, able’ E18r3*; E27/13v18; (ii) ‘to be
possible; can be’ ~ qt✏ b- ‘id.’ E27/61r30*; E28/1r23* (rest.!); ~ itr. pot. E27/22r8 (see Sogd.
s.v. b-).
— etp el ‘to be able’ ~ qt✏ wn- ‘to be able to do’ E27/12r9.
m pa el ‘to be in between’ ~ nymt b- ‘to be taken’(!) E27/31r1f.
— See also m⌧⌘y✏, m⌧⌘t✏.
m y (√m⌧⌘) (i) ‘intermediate’ ~ myd✏ncyq ‘id.’ E27/31v24; (ii) ‘mediator’ ≈ myd✏ncyqy✏ ‘medi-
ation, means’ E18r8.
m t (√m⌧⌘) ‘middle’ ~ myd✏n ‘id.’ E27/39r12.
— b-m⌧⌘t ‘amidst’ ~ myd✏ny ‘id.’ E27/31r19.
— m⌧⌘th d-✏ymm✏ ‘middle of the day’ ~ nymy my ‘midday’ E26/31r26.
m ry ‘Egyptian’ ~ (mc)[ryn](cy)q ‘id.’ E36/3r2.
mqblnwt (√qbl) ‘reception, acceptance’ ~ pc ✏z✏mnt ‘id.’ E27/57v7.
mqd n (√qd ) ‘sanctifier’, f. mqd nyt✏ ~ zprt-✏wd✏my ‘making pure, purifying’ E26/27r10(?).
mqd t (√qd ) ‘sanctified (woman)’: see Sogd. s.v. mq̣̇d ✏.
mqym ‘constant’ = qwm pa el pass. pt.
mr , mr-, pl. mr̈✏, mr̈wn, mr̈wt✏ (→mrwt✏, mrt✏) (i) ‘owner, master, lord’ ~ xyp ✏wnt ‘id.’ NT+; ~
[f]( )y✏(ws) ‘id.’ Mt21.33 E5/38r; (ii) ‘Lord’ (referring to Jesus) ~ xwt✏w ‘id.’ E26/31r10.
— mr✏ mr̈wn ‘Lord of Lords’ (referring to Jesus) ~ (xw)t✏wty (x)[wt✏w] ‘id.’ E26/27r28.
— mry (i) as a mode of address: (a) ‘my Lord’ (addressing God) ~ xwtw b ✏ ‘Lord God’ (voc.)
E27/12r1, v16, 27v27; ~ xyp ✏wnt ‘Lord’ E27/27r5; (b) ‘my Lord’ (addressing Jesus) ~ mn✏
xyp ✏wnt✏ ‘id.’ (voc.) Lk10.40 E5/91r, Jn9.36, 38 E5/101v; ~ xwdw ‘Lord’ E24c2.17, 22; (c)
‘my lord’ (addressing a saint or an angel) ~ xwt✏w ‘lord’ E23.133, 154; E25/1r18; E26/24v22;
~ b ✏ ‘sir’ (voc.) E26/28v17; (d) ‘my lord’ (addressing a man) mn✏ xyp ✏wnt✏ ‘id.’ (voc.)
Lk19.16, 18, 20 E5/125r; ~ xyp ✏wnt✏ ‘lord’ (voc.) E26/25v8, 28r5; (ii) otherwise: (a) ‘my
master’ (referring to a man) mn✏ xyp ✏wnt Lk16.3, 5, 7 E5/48r; (b) ‘M⇠r, my lord’ (as an
honorific title for a saint; see also Sogd. s.vv. mry, *mrysrgys) ~ xwdw ‘lord’ E24c3.22.
— mrn (i) ‘Our Lord’ (as a title of Jesus) ~ m✏xyp ✏wnt, m✏x xyp ✏wnt ‘id.’ Lk16.8 E5/48r; E26/
23v12*(?), 26r20f*(?), 27r27*(?); E28/3v29, 5r29, 8v11*; E30/1r5*(?); ~ m✏x xwt✏w ‘id.’
E18v4; E23.74, 148f; E24/2bv1; ~ xwt✏w ‘the Lord’ E27/12v18*, 56v32, 57r4; ~ xwt✏w m y⇣✏
‘the Lord Christ’ E23.66; ~ m y⇣✏ ‘Christ’ E26/29r7, 31v31; E27/57r33*(?); ~ b - ‘God’
E28/9v30; (ii) ‘our master’ (referring to a man) m✏x xyp ✏wnt Lk19.25 E5/125v.
— mry✏ ‘the Lord, Lord (God)’ ~ xwt✏w ‘the Lord’ Lk2.11 E3r; Lk1.68 E5/6r; Ps; E23.178; E26/
30v26; E27/104v2*, 13; E29/2v7; ~ xyp ✏wnt ‘the Lord’ E27/27v24*; E29/1r8; ~ xwt✏w b -
‘the Lord God’ Lk2.15 E3r; Mt21.42 E5/38v, Lk1.66 E5/6r, Lk1.76 E5/6v; Ps33.4, 10, 34.8,
9; Creed 2; E27 (chiefly in Old Testament quotations); E28/5r25, v11*; ~ b - ‘God’ Ps; E26/
23v26*, 31r5; E27/27v11, 102r21.
— d-mry✏ ‘of the Lord’ ~ b ✏nyq ‘divine, of God’ Ps.
mrbyn (√rby) ‘foster-parent’ ~ zynbr ‘id.’ E27/1r27.

mrb ‘womb’ ~ z✏ty-brc ‘id.’ E27/40r21.
mrgnyt ‘pearl’ ~ mr ✏rt ‘id.’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r*; E28/25A2, 26A11.
mrdwt (√rdy) ‘instruction’ ~ fs✏q ‘id.’ E27/31r15.
mrdyt (√rdy) ‘travel, course’ ~ r✏ y w✏mc ‘id.’ E27/11v28.
— mrdyt✏ d-b-✏wr ✏ ‘travelling on the way’ ~ r✏ y w✏mc ‘travel, course’ E27/12v17.
mrwd ‘cruel’ ~ mnq✏nny ‘Satanic, devilish’ E27/12r4.
mr̈w t✏ ‘fans’: see mr ẅt✏.
mrwm (√rwm) ‘height’: pl. mrẅm✏ ‘the heights’ ~ [sq]( sm✏n) ‘heaven above’ Lk2.14 E3r.
— l-mrwm✏ ‘to the heights’ ~ sqys✏r ‘upwards, up, above’ E36/2v6.
— mr̈wm✏ ⌘lÿ✏ ‘the heights above’ ~ sm✏n ‘heaven’ E26/23v16.
mrwt (→mr✏, mrt✏) ‘lordship, dominion’ ~ xwt✏wy✏ ‘lordship’ E27/13v23; ~ xw try✏ ‘dominion,
mastery’ E27/56v21*; ~ b y✏qy✏ ‘divinity, godhead’ E27/12v17.
mrzbn ‘marzb⇠n, governor’ ~ mrzp✏ny ‘id.’ E28/9v31.
mr⌥ ap el ‘to venture, dare’ ~ rxn- ‘id.’ E23.163, A30; E27/24v15*, 56r19; E28/7v3*.
— See also mr ✏.
mr⌥ (√mr ) ‘bold’ ~ strzq ‘id.’ E27/68v32(?).
mr⌥ẅt (= mr̈w t✏) ‘fans’: see Sogd. s.v. mr⇣ẅ ✏.
mr⌥mn (√r m) ‘merciful’ ~ z✏rcnwq ‘id.’ E28/3v29, 8r17.
mr⌥mnwt (√r m) ‘mercy’ ~ z✏rcnwqy✏ ‘id.’ Tit3.4 E6/5r; E28/1r10, 3v26, 27.
mr✏w✏ ‘cloak’ ~ n wnty ‘id.’ Mt5.40 E5/28v.
mry ‘smelling’ = ry ap el act. pt.
1
mrym ‘Mary’: see Sogd. s.v.
2
mrym, mrym✏ ‘exalted’ = rwm pa el pass. pt.
mryr (→mryr✏yt, mryrwt✏, mrmr) ‘bitter’ ~ trxq- ‘id.’ E27/69r21.
— mryr np ✏ ‘harsh-souled’, i.e. ‘malicious’ ~ qwr -m✏ny ‘id.’ E23.184.
mryr yt (→mryr✏, mryrwt✏, mrmr) ‘bitterly’ ~ [pr trxqy](✏)q ‘with bitterness’ E27/39r8 .
mryrwt (→mryr✏, mryr✏yt, mrmr) ‘bitterness’ ~ trxqy✏q ‘id.’ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r; E27/68v2.
mrmyt (term for a subdivision of the Psalter): see Sogd. s.v. mrmy .
mrmr quad. (→mryr✏, mryr✏yt, mryrwt✏) ‘to embitter, sadden’ ~ S ✏[ ‘id.’ Ps5.11.
mrnyt (√rny) ‘care, thought’ ~ nt✏q m✏r✏ ‘evil thought’ E27/57r14.
mrq p al ‘to polish, cleanse’ + ⌧ll pa el ‘to strain, purify’ ~ zprt wn- ‘to make clean, make pure’
E27/31v28.
mrt (→mr✏, mrwt✏) ‘mistress’ ~ xwtyn ‘lady, mistress’ E27/13r30.
— mrty (i) ‘my lady’ (addressing St Helen) ~ yrqcy ‘virtuous (lady)’ (voc.) E24c1.40; ~ x wnc
‘queen’ E24c1.95; (ii) ‘M⇠rt, my lady’, honorific title of Mary the mother of Jesus: see Sogd.
s.v. mr y.
mrtynwt (√rty) ‘admonition, exhortation’ ~ S y[wc✏mnty] ‘teaching, instruction’ Ps24.0.
m b ‘glorious’ = b pa el pt.
m w d ‘solitary’ = w d quad. pass. pt.
m w⌥t ‘measure, rank’ ~ ptm✏q ‘id.’ E28/5v24*.

m ⌥ (→m y ✏) (i) ‘oil’ ~ rw n ‘id.’ Lk10.34 E5/91r, Lk16.6 E5/48r; Ps23.5; E27/94v20, 21; (ii)
specifically ‘(consecrated) oil’: see Sogd. s.v. m ⇣✏.
m lp ‘various’ = lp quad. pass. pt.
m y⌥ (→m ✏) (i) ‘anointed’ ~ ✏dwty ‘id.’ E28/118A6; (ii) ‘Messiah, Christ’ ~ m y⇣✏ ‘id.’ NT+.
— y w⌘ m y ✏ ‘Jesus Christ’ ~ y w m y⇣✏ ‘id.’ Lk1.1 title E4; Creed 2; E18r8, v10; E23.74,
149; E26/26r21*, 31r9; E27/12v19, 91v5, 108v3; ~ xwt✏w y w m y⇣✏ ‘the Lord Jesus Christ’
Gal3.26, 28 E6/3r, Tit3.6 E6/5v*; ~ m✏x xyp ✏wnt y w m y⇣✏ ‘Our Lord Jesus Christ’
Rom6.4 E32/1r*; E27/57r18; ~ m y⇣✏ ‘Christ’ Rom6.3 E32/1r; ~ b - ‘God’ E23.285.
— b-m y ✏ ‘in Christ’ ~ pr m y⇣✏ n✏m ‘(baptism) in the name of Christ’ Gal3.27 E6/3r.
m yn yt (√ yn) ‘tranquilly’ ~ [pr ✏wr]mtqy✏ ‘in tranquillity’ E28/3v3.
m k ‘skin’ ~ drs ‘id.’ E21v1.
— d-m k✏ ‘of skin’ ~ crmny ‘made of skin, leathern’ E27/57v23.
m k ‘able, possible’ = k ap el pt.
m kn (√ kn) ‘tent’ ~ S xr ✏[x] ‘id.’ Ps19.5; ~ wy✏n ‘id.’ E27/87r11; ~ wy✏n pr ncn ‘awning of a
tent’ E27/17v5.
m kr ‘vile’ = kr pa el pt.
m l ‘having authority’ = l pa el pass. pt.
m l✏wt (√ l ) ‘rule, dominion’ ~ p✏tx ✏wny✏ ‘id.’ E28/12r17.
m lm ‘consigning’ = lm ap el act. pt.
m lmn (√ lm) ‘betrayer’ ~ prbx n ‘id.’ Lk6.16 E5/91v.
m mh ‘famous’ = mh pa el pt.
m mly ‘complete’ = mly quad. pass. pt.
m m t (√ m⌘) ‘(faculty of) hearing’ ~ w y pt w ‘the hearing of the ear’ 1Cor12.17, 17* E6/
20v.
m m n (√ m ) (i) ‘servant’ ~ sp✏sy ‘id.’ E23.87; E26/27r16; (ii) ‘deacon’ ~ m✏ ✏ ‘id.’ E27/
57r25, 64r23*, 68v22(?).
— m m n✏ d-mlt✏ ‘minister of the word’, i.e. ‘messenger’ ~ nt ‘id.’ E23.162, 232.
m ny ‘changed’ = ny pa el pass. pt.
m ⌘bd ‘subject’ = ⌘bd quad. pass. pt.
m ql ‘haughty’ = ql pa el pass. pt.
m ry (√ ry) ‘paralysed’ ~ ✏br ty ‘paralysed, crippled’ E26/27v21.
m ryt (√ ry) ‘camp, host; dwelling’ ~ yqn ‘palace, mansion, dwelling’ Ps34.8; E27/68r8.
m rr ‘firm’ = rr pa el pt.
m t lnwt (√ ✏l) ‘eschewal’ ~ dwr✏wy ‘distance, being far’ E27/57v2.
m tbqnwt (√ bq) ‘abandonment, desertion’ ~ ✏wxr✏mnt ‘id.’ E27/31r4.
m twt (√ ty) ‘feast, wedding feast’ ~ b ✏ny pqty ‘wedding, marriage (feast)’ Jn2.1 E5/21r*;
E27/48v21; ~ xwrt ‘meal’ E28/23r16*.
— byt m twt✏ ‘wedding’ ~ b ✏ny pqty ‘wedding, marriage (feast)’ Lk12.36 E5/130r.
m ty (√ ty) ‘drink’ ~ c n|[t✏q](?) ‘id.’ E27/102v27f.
m t⌘bd ‘subject’ = ⌘bd quad.refl. pt.

mtb⌘✏ ‘necessary’ = b⌘y etp el pt.
mtwm (→mtwm✏yt) ‘ever’: mn mtwm ‘ever’ ~ qd✏c ‘id.’ E26/28r6.
— mmtwm (= mn mtwm) + l✏ ‘never’ ~ qd✏c + neg. ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v, Jn5.37 E5/41v*; E26/
27r17.
mtwm yt (→mtwm) ‘everlastingly’ ~ [✏y](✏)m(s)[✏r] ‘finally, at last’ E26/28r2.
mt⌥ p al ‘to stretch, stretch out, spread’ ~ pr ync ‘id.’ E26/31r20; E27/66v19.
mt yl ‘strengthened’ = yl etpa al pt.
mt✏pysn (√pys) ‘obedient’: l✏ mt pysn✏ ‘disobedient’ ~ n✏-n w ny ‘id.’ E27/69v27.
mty✏b ‘longing for’ = y✏b etpa al pt.
mtkrkn (√krk) ‘itinerant’ ~ prwsty ‘going around’(?) E28/7v26f*, 28*.
mtl ap el ‘to tell (a parable)’ ~ ✏ndy ‘to show’ Mt13.24 E5/109v.
— See also mtl✏.
mtl (√mtl) ‘parable’ ~ przbr ‘id.’ Mt13.18 E5/109r*, Mt13.24 E5/109v*, Mt21.33 E5/38r.
mtmll ‘told’ = mll etpa al pt.
mtns✏ ‘tempted’ = nsy etpa al pt.
mtqbl ‘acceptable’ = qbl etpa al pt.
mtqdmnwt (√qdm) ‘that which precedes’: pl. mtqdmnẅt✏ ~ pynmcyqty ✏ ty ‘former things’
E27/31v1.
mtqrbnwt (√qrb) ‘approach’ ~ pnt w[✏mnty] ‘coming (lit. going) near’ E27/56v19.
mtrg n (√rg ) ‘perceptible by the senses’ ~ tmp✏rmync ‘bodily’ E27/31v18.
mtr̈yn ‘(liquid) measures’ ~ wdy ‘jar’ Lk16.6 E5/48r (x2).
mtrsyn (√trsy) ‘nourishing, sustaining’ ~ pd✏rny ‘sustaining, nurturing’ E28/12r11.
mttzy nwt (√zw⌘) ‘motion’ ~ w c✏(m)[nty] ‘tremor, stirring’ E28/8v8.
mttkyln ‘measurable’: l✏ mttkyln✏ ‘immeasurable’ ~ n✏-ptm✏qcyq ‘id.’ E28/7r21.
mttn✏, mttny✏ ‘told’ = tny etp el or etpa al pt.
mtt ygnwt (√ wg) ‘ablution’ ≈ sn✏y ‘to wash, cleanse’ E27/57r16.
mtt y ‘despised’ = w ettap al pt.
-n ‘us, to us, our’ ~ 1m✏x ‘id.’ NT+; Hymn 5 (x2); Creed 5; ~ mn ‘id.’ E32; E24c1.41; E25/1v9;
E26/24r36; E27/94v3, 126v28; E28/8r18; ‘our’ ~ xyp ‘id.’ NT+; ~ xyp ryw ‘ourselves’
E27/104v12; ~ mn✏ ‘to me’(!) E26/32r2.
— ln ‘us, to us, for us’ ~ 1m✏x ‘id.’ NT+; Hymn 6; ~ mn ‘id.’ E24c1.45; E26/30r12; E27; E28/
14r1*.
— mrn (i) ‘Our Lord’ (as a title of Jesus) ~ m✏xyp ✏wnt, m✏x xyp ✏wnt ‘id.’ Lk16.8 E5/48r; E26/
23v12*(?), 26r20f*(?), 27r27*(?); E28/3v29, 5r29, 8v11*; E30/1r5*(?); ~ m✏x xwt✏w ‘id.’
E18v4; E23.74, 148f; E24/2bv1; ~ xwt✏w ‘the Lord’ E27/12v18*, 56v32, 57r4; ~ xwt✏w m y⇣✏
‘the Lord Christ’ E23.66; ~ m y⇣✏ ‘Christ’ E26/29r7, 31v31; E27/57r33*(?); ~ b - ‘God’
E28/9v30; (ii) ‘our master’ (referring to a man) m✏x xyp ✏wnt Lk19.25 E5/125v.
— ⌘bwdn ‘Our Creator’ ~ b - ‘God’ Ε27/Av27.
— prwqn ‘Our Saviour’ ~ xwtw y w ‘the Lord Jesus’ E27/57r20.
— rbn ‘Our master’ (as a title of John of Dail⇠m and ⇢em⌘on d-⌅aibuteh): see Sogd. s.v.
nbh p al ‘to stir, begin to move’ ~ 2wyc ‘to tremble, stir’ E27/31v12.
nby etpa al ‘to prophesy’ ~ S ↵ywn ‘id.’ Ps33.0*, 51.1-2; ~ bywnqy✏ *wn-/qt- ‘to make a
prophecy’ Lk1.67 E5/6r.
— See also nby✏.
nby (√nby) ‘prophet’ ~ bywny ‘id.’ E5+.
— pl. nbÿ✏ ‘the prophets’ ~ bywnyty pwstyt ‘the books of the prophets’ Lk24.27 E5/72v,
Lk24.44 E5/83v; E24c1.36f* (rest.!); E27/55r28.
nb ap el ‘to bring forth’ ~ S kwn- ‘to make’ Ps19.3.
— See also nb⌘✏.
nb (√nb⌘) ‘spring (of water)’ ~ x✏xsry ‘id.’ E26/25r24.
ngd p al ‘to draw, lead’ ~ pryp ‘to lead, fetch, bring’ E27/7r23*; ~ x ‘to draw, drag’ E23.250;
E27/60r24.
— pa el ‘to beat, scourge’ ~ 2ptnwb ‘id.’ Mt10.17 E5/75r.
— etp el ‘to be drawn’ ~ *x ty b- ‘id.’ E28/14r15f*.
— See also ngd✏.
ngd (√ngd) ‘beating, scourging’ (noun) ~ 1ptnwb ‘id.’ E27/7r17, 25r10.
ngh p al ‘to dawn’ ~ wyws ‘id.’ Lk6.13 E5/91v.
— ap el ‘to wait till dawn’ ~ wyn✏w ‘to linger’ Lk6.12 E5/91v.
ngyr (√ngr) ‘long-lasting, long’ ~ brzy ‘long’ E27/31v6; ~ bn ‘id.’ E27/31v27.
ngyrwt (√ngr) ‘length of time’: ngyrwt rw ✏ ‘long-suffering, patience’ ~ y rtp✏znqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/
104r16*.
ngr ap el ‘to prolong’ ~ brzy + wn- ‘to make long’ E28/3r24.
— ap el + rw ✏ ‘to be patient’ ~ y rtp✏zny✏ qwn- ‘id.’, lit. ‘to perform long-suffering’ E26/24v15.
— See also mgrt✏, ngyr✏, ngyrwt✏, nwgr✏.
ndyd ‘abominable’ ~ pcxwd wny ‘id.’ Lk16.15 E5/48v; ~ pcxwd✏ ‘abomination’ E26/32r16*.
nhyr (√nhr) (i) ‘light, bright’ ~ rwx n- ‘id.’ Mt17.5 E5/127v*; E23.165; E27/91r11*; ~ spyty
‘id.’ E27/57r8; (ii) ‘light, lamp’ ~ cr✏ ‘lamp’ E27/57r8.
nhyrwt (√nhr) ‘lucidity’ ~ rwx ny✏q ‘light, enlightenment’ E28/12v3.
nhm p al ‘to roar’ ~ ryn ‘id.’ E27/104r5.
nhr p al ‘to shine’ ~ *wyrwx ‘id.’ Mt17.2 E5/127v.
— pa el ‘to elucidate’ ~ wycyr ‘to explain’ E28/3r7, 8r26.
— ap el ‘to light, to provide light, brighten, enlighten’ ~ ptswc ‘to light’ E28/4v28; ~ rwx n-
*wn-/qt- ‘to make bright’ E26/23v4; Ps19.9*; ~ rwx ny✏q br- ‘to give light’ Lk1.79 E5/6v,
Jn5.35 E5/41v* (rest.!); E28/4v29; ~ rwx ny✏q d✏r ‘to bear light’ E27/94r24.
— ap el pt. (mnhr) ‘alight’ ~ ptsw ty ‘id.’ Lk12.35 E5/130r.
— See also nhyr✏, nhyrwt✏, nwhr✏.
nhr ‘river’ ~ rwt ‘id.’ Ps24.2*; E24c1.20; E27.
nwgr (√ngr) ‘long period’: nwgr✏ d-ywm̈t✏ ‘a long period of days’ ~ S r↵ (✏✏)[ykwncyk my t]
‘many eternal days’ Ps23.6.
nwd p al ‘to shake, tremble, quake’ ~ n- ‘id.’ E26/5v4, 11.

— See also rwdn✏?
nwhr (√nhr) (i) ‘light’ ~ rwx ny✏q ‘id.’ E5+; (ii) ‘the Light’ (referring to the dwelling-place of
the saints) ~ [✏rwx n✏]- r(d)mn ‘Light Paradise’ Col1.12 E32/2v.
nw⌥ p al ‘to be calm, become calm, be stayed’ ~ ✏wrms ‘to become still, become calm, be quiet’
E26/30v23; ≈ ✏wr✏m ‘peace, quietude’ E27/31r1.
— p al pass. pt. (ny , ny ✏) ‘peaceful, at rest, restful’ ~ S pc✏ y ‘peaceful, at rest’ Hymn 8; ~
pc✏d -str ‘easier, more restful’ Mt10.15 E5/75r.
— ap el ‘to give rest, please, satisfy’ ~ pt ✏dy wn-/qt- ‘id.’ E27/60v4, 68r13; ~ [w](r)cy✏ d✏r ‘to
make comfortable’ E26/25r5.
— ap el pass. pt. (mn ) (i) ‘content, agreeable, consenting’ ~ xwc- ‘id.’ E27/94r21; (ii) ‘to be
pleased’ ~ 1q✏m ‘to want, desire’ E27/39r9.
— ettap al ‘to rest, be at rest’ ~ ✏ pn ‘id.’ E27/60r15, 87r7; E28/1v1, 65v12; ~ byr + pc✏ty✏ ‘to
find rest’ E24c2.23f.
— See also nw ✏, 2ny ✏.
nw⌥ (√nw ) ‘calm’: byt nw ✏ ‘place of rest’ ~ ✏nc✏nw✏dy ‘resting-place’ E26/24r10.
nwkry ‘strange, foreign; foreigner, stranger’ ~ w ✏my ‘id.’ E26/30v16; E27/48r4.
— nwkry hw✏ ‘was foreign (to)’ ~ ny m ynt ‘did not resemble’ E27/54v18.
nwkry✏ ‘anchorite’: see Sogd. s.v. *nwkryt✏.
nwl pa el pass. pt. (mnwl, mnwl✏) ‘suffering’ ~ ptzrty ‘id.’ E28/2av2.
nwn ‘fish’ ~ qp- ‘id.’ Jn21.6 E5/80v.
nws ‘temple’ ~ ptqryst✏ny ‘idol-house’ E23.237, 242, 279*.
nwpq (√npq) ‘training, instruction’: nwpq✏ d-spr✏ ‘book instruction’ ~ dpyry✏ ‘writing’ E27/
31r14.
nwr (→mnrt✏, nwrn✏) ‘fire’ ~ ✏tr ‘id.’ Mt25.41 E5/126v; Ps11.6*, 29.7; E24c1.62; E26/24r32,
27v3; E27; E28/10v25; ~ ✏try db✏n ‘flame of fire’ E27/91r5; ~ ◆t[r-](s)[w]c[y] ‘conflagration,
fire’ E27/23v12(?).
— d-nwr✏ ‘of fire’ ~ ✏tryny ‘fiery, of fire’ E23.266; E26/27r12; E27/60v3, 29.
nwrn (→mnrt✏, nwr✏) ‘fiery, consisting of fire’ ~ ✏tryny ‘id.’ E26/23v17*.
nwt ‘weighing down of the scale’ ~ r✏n✏wy ‘heaviness, weight’ E28/4v18.
n⌥ ‘brass’ ~ 1rwd ‘id.’ E29/4r12.
— d-n ✏ ‘of brass’ ~ rwdny ‘brazen’ E27/23r4, 91r8*.
n⌥t p al ‘to go down, descend’ ~ ✏wxz ‘id.’ Lk6.17 E5/91v, Jn1.32, 33 E5/19v; Creed 5;
E23.270, 274; E26/30r17; E27/60v23, 77r14; E28/5v22, 26, 8r14; E29/1v8.
n⌥t ‘coat, outer garment’ ~ n wdn ‘clothing, garment, attire’ Mt17.2 E5/127v; E28/10v13*.
n✏wr (√n r) ‘guardian, guard’ ~ ✏ry ‘id.’ E27/57r32*, 60v3.
n✏wrwt (√n r) ‘keeping, protection’ ~ ✏yc✏t d✏r✏mnty ‘keeping’ E27/61r28*; E28/7r7, 14r3; ~
p✏y✏mnty ‘protection’ E27/40r19.
n✏wrt (√n r) ‘guard, protection’ ~ ryw-d✏rqy✏ ‘self-control’ E28/1r17.
n✏r p al ‘to guard, watch over, observe, keep, observe (the Sabbath)’ ~ p✏y ‘id.’ E27; ~ xs d✏r ‘to
keep safe’ Ps12.8*, 19.12, 32.7; E23.157f; E29/1r10; ~ ✏yc✏t d✏r ‘to hold firm, keep safe, keep,
guard’ Lk2.19 E3v*; Jn9.16 E5/100r*; E28/3v20f*; ~ 2d✏r ‘to keep, guard’ E27/69r19,
104r18*.
— p al pass. pt. (n yr) (i) ‘kept, reserved’ ~ pcp✏n ‘imminent, to come’ E28/7v13, 14; ~ pcyty
‘fitting’ E28/5v28*; (ii) ‘to be kept, be reserved’ ~ ✏m✏ty x- ‘to be ready’ E28/7v4.
— See also n wr✏, n wrwt✏, n wrt✏.
-ny ‘me’: see -y.
nyb ‘fang, tusk’ ~ *✏swr ‘id.’ E27/12r4 (MS stwrty for *✏swrty!).
ny , 1ny ✏ ‘peaceful’ = nw p al pass. pt.
2
ny⌥ (√nw ) ‘rest, ease, gratification’ ~ pt ✏dty✏ ‘id.’ E27/7v22, 61v30, 68v3*; E28/1v9.
nysn (month name) ‘Nis⇠n’: see Sogd. s.v.
nyr ‘yoke’ ~ y w- ‘id.’ E27/27v1, 2.
ny ‘sign, token; target, goal’ ~ x nyrq ‘id.’ E27/31, 102v29; E28/3r16*.
nkwy (√nky) ‘injurious’ ~ p y✏ry ‘opponent, enemy’ E24c3.18.
nkwltn (→nkl✏) ‘deceitful’ ≈ S pr ↵n ‘deceit, fraud’ Ps5.7*.
nky etpa al ‘to be harmed’ ~ wyd✏bq yn ... *b-/qt- ‘id.’ E27/40v5.
— See also nkwy✏, nkyn✏.
nkyn (√nky) ‘harm’ ~ wyd✏b ‘id.’ E27/40r19.
nkl (→nkwltn✏) ‘deceit, fraud’ ~ S pr ↵n ‘id.’ Ps24.4, 34.14, 50.19*.
nks etp el ‘to be sacrificed’ ~ fsw ty b-/qt- ‘id.’ 1Cor5.7 E6/7r; E27/68r5.
nkp (→nkp✏yt, nkpwt✏) ‘modest, chaste, holy’ ~ ✏w wx ‘pure, holy’ E27/66r18 (uncertain, see
Sogd. s.v.).
nkp yt (→nkp✏, nkpwt✏) ‘modestly’ ~ pr ◆ntqy✏ ‘with modesty’ E27/12r10.
nkpwt (→nkp✏, nkp✏yt) ‘modesty’ ~ ✏ntqy✏ ‘modesty, chastity’ E27/102r17.
nmws ‘law’ ~ nwm ‘id.’ Gal4.4, 5 E6/3v; Ps19.8; E24; E27; ~ frm✏n ‘commandment’ E27/
31v31.
-nn ‘we’: see 1 nn.
nsb p al ‘to take’ ~ ✏s ‘to take, hold, receive’ NT+; ~ sxw✏y ‘to take’ E27/22v7; ~ 1pc ✏z ‘to
receive, accept’ E26/27r22.
— p al + nsyn✏ ‘to obtain experience’ ~ *prm✏y ‘to experience’ E28/7r20*.
— etp el ‘to be taken’ ~ ✏yty b- ‘id.’ Lk10.42 E5/91v; E27/57v9.
— See also msb✏, nsybwt✏.
nsy pa el ‘to test, tempt’ ~ zm✏y ‘to tempt’ E27/94r29; ≈ prm✏qycq ‘experience, experiment’
E26/24v14*.
— etpa al pt. (mtns✏) ‘tempted’ ~ zm✏yty ‘id.’ E27/104r3.
— See also nsywn✏, nsyn✏.
nsybwt (√nsb) ‘taking, reception’ ~ ✏s✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/57v6*(?).
nsywn (√nsy) ‘temptation’ ~ zm✏qycq ‘id.’ E27/57v4(?), 83r3; E28/1r22*.
nsyn (√nsy) ‘experience’ ~ prm✏qycq ‘id.’ E27/31r16.
— nsb p al + nsyn✏ ‘to obtain experience’ ~ *prm✏y ‘to experience’ E28/7r20*.

nsys ‘weak’ ~ xw✏t ‘id.’ E28/12r19.
nsr etp el ‘to be sawn asunder’ ≈ wyr✏ ‘saw’ E28/23v2.
np⌥ p al ‘to blow, breathe’ ~ *2ftm- ‘id.’ Jn20.22 E5/76v; E23.149.
— etp el ‘to be insufflated’ ~ f m✏t b- ‘id.’ E27/40r21.
npl p al ‘to fall, fall down, occur’ ~ 1✏mpt ‘id.’ E5; E23.124, 150; E26/6A5(?); E27; E28/8r17*,
14r15; ~ ✏wpt ‘to fall, fall down’ E27/1v9*, 60r10, 77v6; ~ ✏wstty b- ‘to be placed’ E27/
56v24*; ~ *p ✏y/p ✏t ryw ‘to cast oneself down’ E26/29v10.
— See also mpwlt✏.
npq p al ‘to go out, depart, go away, issue, come to an end’ ~ ny - ‘id.’ E5; Ps19.6*, Creed 11;
E23; E26/28v1*, 8, 31v32; E27; E28/4r26, 14r4; ~ xyr ‘to go, go out, go away’ E26/24r24*
(rest.!); E27/60r27.
— ap el (i) ‘to emit, let out, remove, bring out, take out, put out, cast out, expel’ ~ ny q✏w ‘id.’
Mt21.39 E5/38v, Lk10.35 E5/91r; E23.112, 220; E27; ~ f qr- + bys✏ ‘to chase out’ Jn9.34, 35
E5/101v; (ii) ‘to spend’ ~ zy✏m ‘to pay, spend’ Lk10.35 E5/91r.
— ap el + lbr ‘to expel’ ~ f qr- + bys✏ ‘to chase out’ Jn9.22 E5/100v.
— See also mpqn✏, mpqt✏, nwpq✏.
np ‘self, person, soul’ ~ ryw ‘id.’ E5+; ~ rw✏n ‘soul’ Mt10.28, 28* E5/76r; Ps6.4*, 5*, 24.4*;
E24c2.23; E26/25r21, 31v22; E27; E28; ~ mrtxmy ‘man, person’ E27; ~ w✏n ‘life’ E26/
25v15*, 16, 19; E27/7r16*, 60v6, 8; ~ m✏n ‘mind, intellect’ E26/27v23*; E27/60r15,
64v23(?), 94r19; E28/4v25, 14r13; ~ y✏ ‘intellect, intelligence’(?) E29/1r9; ≈ rw✏n-mync ‘of
the soul, spiritual’ E26/24v10.
— np h ‘himself’ ~ ryw ‘(him)self’ E26/30r17.
— np y ‘myself’ ~ ryw ‘(my)self’ E26/28r7.
— mryr np ✏ ‘harsh-souled’, i.e. ‘malicious’ ~ qwr -m✏ny ‘id.’ E23.184.
— twt np ✏ ‘remorse’ ~ nm✏nyqrqy✏ ‘repentance, penitence’ E26/25r18.
n b p al ‘to plant’ ~ n yd ‘to seat, install, implant, plant’ Mt21.33 E5/38r; E27/27v5; E28/
8v9*(?).
n y p al ‘to quarrel’ ~ y✏r *wn-/qt- ‘to make a quarrel’ E26/30r33.
— See also m⌧wt✏.
n y⌥ ‘illustrious, victorious; victorious (one), martyr’ ~ nqyn ‘victorious’ E24c1.17; E27/
48r21, 68v11; ~ nq yn ✏d y ‘victorious one’ E27/68v11; ~ yrqty ‘righteous, saint’ E23.96,
109.
n l p al ‘to pour’ ~ wr c ‘id.’ Lk10.34 E5/91r.
n ry ‘Nazarene’ ~ n✏cr✏yq ‘id.’ E23.249; ~ trs✏q ‘Christian’ E27/7v28*, 30*, 13r16.
— d-n⌧r̈y✏ ‘of the Nazarenes’ ~ trs✏q✏ny ‘Christian’ E27/23r28.
nq✏, nqy✏ ‘ready’ = nqy p al pass. pt.
nqbt ‘female’ ~ ✏ync ‘woman’ Gal3.28 E6/3r.
nqd (→nqdwt✏) ‘pure’ ~ zprt ‘id.’ E24c1.77.
nqdwt (→nqd✏) ‘purity’: nqdwt tr⌘yt✏ ‘purity of mind’ ~ zprt-m✏nqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/12v20.
nqw (√nq ) ‘semantron’: see Sogd. s.v.

nqy p al pass. pt. (nq✏, 1nqy✏) ‘to be eager, be ready’ ~ ✏m✏ty swq- ‘to be ready’ E27/12r12(?).
— pa el ‘to pour’ ~ p ync ‘id.’ E27/11v19*.
— etpa al ‘to be sacrificed’ ~ wyc✏wqy✏ pc ✏z ‘to receive martyrdom’ E28/9r30.
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nqy ‘sheep, ewe’ ~ m ‘id.’ E27/12r12.
nqyp , abs. nqyp (√nqp) (i) ‘attached’ ~ ✏bsty ‘id.’ E27/31r3, 29, 40v22, 108r7; (ii) ‘(to be)
attached’ ~ 2✏bynt ‘to be attached’ E27/31v24.
nqp p al ‘to cleave, attach oneself’ ~ 2✏bynt ‘id.’ E28/2ar18*(?).
— ap el ‘to attach, join, add, continue’ ~ 2✏bynt ‘id.’ E28/4r22, v26*, 5v19.
— etpa al ‘to cleave, attach oneself’ ~ 2✏bynt ‘id.’ E28/7r3*.
— See also nqyp✏.
nq p al ‘to knock, knock in (nails), knock in (a peg), pitch (a tent)’ ~ twm ‘to knock’ Lk12.36
E5/130r*; E26/28v7; ~ wy qyrd ‘to strike, beat, knock in, nail’ E27/66v18; ~ S *t↵r-/*t t- ‘to
insert’ Ps19.5*(?).
— etp el ‘to be fixed, pitched’ (of a tent) ~ wy qysty b- ‘id.’ E27/87r11.
— See also nqw ✏.
n⌫✏ ‘women’: see ✏ntt✏.
n m ‘breath’ ~ wq ‘point, tip (of a flame)’ E27/91r5.
n q p al or pa el ‘to kiss’ ~ pw ‘id.’ E27/27r1, 68r18, 105r6*; E28/10r14.
ntl p al ‘to give’: suppletive with yhb p al, q.v.
ntr p al ‘to decay’ ~ p⇧t!qy b- ‘to disintegrate’ E27/69v18(?).
s wn ‘shoe, footwear’ ~ qf - ‘id.’ E27/94r9.
s m ‘silver’ ~ n✏qty ‘silver, money’ E26/25v15; E27/102r18* (rest.!).
s t ‘bushel’ ~ qpc- ‘id.’ E28/4v28.
sb (→sybwt✏) ‘old man’ ~ m✏sy ‘id.’ E27; ~ [fwx✏]r( m)y y ‘blessed person’ E28/9r11; ~ ptr-
̈
‘father’ E27/61 passim; E28/9r20, 28. See also Sogd. s.v. mmll✏ dsb✏.
sbs p al pass. pt. (sbys) ‘continuous, frequent’ ~ rf-znq✏n ‘manifold’ E27/31v7.
— See also sbyswt✏.
sbyswt (√sbs) ‘density, multitude’: constr. sbyswt ‘multitude of’ ~ rf ‘many’ E28/12v23.
sbl p al ‘to bear, endure’ ~ br- ‘id.’ E27/104r8; ~ *f y- ‘to suffer, endure’ E28/12r7f.
sb p al ‘to become full, be satiated’ ~ ✏mprt xwr- ‘to eat one’s fill’ E27/94v6*, 12; ~ ✏mprt-xw✏r
b- ‘to become full’ E27/94v8.
— See also sb⌘✏, swb⌘✏.
sb (√sb⌘) ‘plenty’ ~ ✏mprt-xw✏ry✏ ‘eating one’s fill, satiety’ E27/94v23; ≈ ✏mprt-xw✏r ‘eating
one’s fill, well-fed, satiated’ E26/5v24.
sbr p al ‘to think, imagine’ ~ m✏r ‘id.’ Lk13.4 E5/34r*, Lk24.21 E5/72r*, Lk24.37 E5/83r;
Ps50.21*; E23.129; E26/31v17; E27/77r11, 104r3; E28/7r22*(?); ~ myn- ‘id.’ E27/108v10.
— pa el ‘to hope, trust (in)’ ~ ✏wt br- ‘to place (one’s) trust’ Jn5.39 E5/41v*;8 ~ S ✏nwt ✏r ‘to
place (one’s) trust’ Ps5.12.
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For the pa el reading see Sogd. s.v. 1✏wt.
— ap el (i) ‘to think’ ~ m✏r ‘id.’ E26/32r17*; E28/7r22*(?); (ii) ‘to make as if, make to appear’
~ ✏ndy ‘to show’ Lk24.28 E5/72v.
— etp el ‘to be thought, be considered, seem’ ~ myn(✏)ty b- ‘to be thought, be considered’ E28/
2ar7, 3r9*; ≈ m✏r ‘to think’ E28/7v21.
— See also msbrnwt✏, sbr✏.
sbr (√sbr) ‘hope, trust’ ~ 1✏wt ‘id.’ Lk2.14 E3r*; Tit3.7 E6/5v; E27.
sbrt ‘Gospel’ ~ mw tybrqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/54v13, 55r24.
sgd p al ‘to worship’ ~ nm✏c br- ‘to pay homage’ Mt2.2 E3v*; Jn9.38 E5/101v; Ps29.2;
E23.233f; E26/23v20*, 21; E27/68r22*, 69v12; ~ w y qwn- ‘to perform a sacrifice’ E29/
8v6*.
— See also sgdt✏, sgwd✏.
sgdys ‘like a dog’ ≈ tf✏r pdfnq ‘(to tie up by) the four ankle and wrist joints’ E27/17r1.
sgdt (√sgd) ‘worship’ ~ nm✏c ‘id.’ E27/66v3, 91v7.
sgwd (√sgd) ‘worshipper’ ~ nm✏c(-br)[yny] ‘id.’ E26/26v1.
1
sgy ap el ‘very much, abundantly’ (intensifying a following verb) ~ S r↵ ‘id.’ Ps51.4.
— See also 2sgy, sgy✏✏, sgy✏wt✏, swg✏✏.
2
sgy (√sgy) ‘very, very much’ ~ yr ‘id.’ E24c1.44; E26/31v18; E27/7r22*, 87v4; ~ yr w ‘id.’
E26/30v17; ~ w ‘id.’ E27/12r15.
— sgy rwrb✏yt ‘very greatly’ ≈ mzyx ‘great’ E27/12v8.
sgy (√sgy) ‘much, many, abundant, great’ ~ rf ‘id.’ NT+; Ps32.6; ~ mzyx ‘great’ E27/60r4,
94r17; E28/3r8*; ~ przr ‘excessive, very much, very many’ E27/17r3, 4; ~ wysp- ‘all’ E26/
25v4; ~ bn ‘long’ (of time) E27/12r9; ≈ w✏f ‘so great, so much’ E24c1.45.
— pl. sgÿ✏✏ ‘many (people)’ ~ rft/ rf ✏dyt ‘many people’ Lk1.1 E4; E27/23r5, 104r14f; E28/
2ar15, 3r10*; ~ n tt ✏dyty ‘other people’ E28/1v13f; ~ mrtxmyt ‘men, people’ E28/1v4.
— f. pl. sgÿ✏t✏ ‘many (things)’ ~ r[f](t )t, rft ✏ ct ‘many things’ Jn14.30 E2/1r*; Lk10.41 E5/
91v; E28/1v2.
— ⌘m✏ sgy✏✏ ‘many people’ ~ s✏t wyspw ✏✏dy ‘everyone’ E26/25v4.
sgy✏wt✏ (√sgy) ‘abundance’ ~ rf✏wy ‘id.’ E28/12v23.
— constr. sgy✏wt ‘abundance of’ ~ rf ‘many’ E28/12v20.
sgp pa el ‘to injure, harm’ ~ y yp wn- ‘to cause harm’ E28/12v23; * ypqyn x- ‘to be harm-
ful’ E28/14v8f.
sdwn ‘cloth, towel’ ~ dsprtr ‘handkerchief’ Lk19.20 E5/125r.
sdq etp el ‘to be torn’ ~ qf- ‘to split’ (itr.) E26/31r28.
— See also sdq✏.
sdq (√sdq) ‘laceration’ ~ ptry tqy ‘id.’ E26/27v27*.
sdr p al ‘to set forth, repeat’ ~ prbyr ‘to tell, recount, declare, explain’ E24c3.23.
— See also sdr✏.
sdr (√sdr) ‘succession, order, rank’ ~ qry✏ ‘id.’ E28/4v26; ~ ◆xsy pts✏q ‘order of battle’ E27/
31r6f.
shd p al ‘to witness’ ~ wyc✏wqy✏ br- ‘to give witness’ E28/7r3*(?).
— p al act. pt. (shd, shd✏) (i) ‘witness, martyr’ ~ wyc✏wy ‘id.’ E27/48r21, 68v12; (ii) pl. sḧd✏
‘martyrs’ (anthems)’: see Sogd. s.v.
— ap el ‘to witness’ ~ wyc✏wqy✏ br- ‘to give witness’ E5; E24c1.69f*; E28/7r3*(?), 9v1*.
— See also shdwt✏.
shdwt (√shd) ‘testimony, witness; martyrdom’ ~ wyc✏wqy✏ ‘id.’ E5; E27/55v21, 64r30*, 68v12.
— d-shdwt✏ ‘of martyrdom’ ~ wnwnqy✏myc ‘of victory’ E28/9v2*.
— shdwt✏ dglt✏ ‘(act of) false witness’ ≈ m-wycwy ‘(person giving) false witness’ E29/1r4.
shr ‘moon’ ~ 2m✏x ‘id.’ E36/3r13.
— b-d-shr✏ ‘in (the reckoning) of the moon’ ~ cn m✏x-nw✏ ‘from the new moon’ E27/65r30*,
68v11.
swb (√sb⌘) ‘compline’: see Sogd. s.v. swb ✏.
swg (√sgy) ‘abundance’: swg✏✏ d- ‘abundance of, great number of’ ~ rf ‘much, many, abund-
ant’ Lk6.17 E5/91v, Jn21.6 E5/80v; Ps5.8, 11, 51.3; E27/12v8; ~ przr ‘excessive, very much,
very many’ E27/69r28.
sw✏m ‘fetter’ ~ pcqrd ‘id.’ E26/30v28.
swy ‘help’ ~ z✏wr ‘power; help’ E27/31v32.
swk pa el ‘to finish, conclude’ (tr.) ~ 2✏y✏m ‘id.’ E28/5r17.
swkl (√skl) ‘meaning’ ~ w✏x ‘word’ E27/31v17.
swkt ‘branch’, pl. s̈wk✏ ~ x ‘id.’ Rom11.19 E6/6r*; E23.113.
swlq (√slq) ‘Ascension’ ~ sn✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/55r27. See also Sogd. s.v.
swm ‘to place’: see 1sym.
swmq ‘red’ ~ qyrmyr ‘id.’ E27/87v4.
swnqn (→snyq) ‘what is necessary’ ~ (ny)✏(z)✏(wt)[y✏] ‘id.’ E27/104v11.
sw rn (√s⌘r) ‘deed, work, act, affair’ ~ ✏rq ‘work, action, deed, business’ Lk1.1 E4; E27/31v18; ~
qty✏ ‘deed’ E28/5r22.
swp ‘end’: mn sw⇥y my✏ ‘from the borders of heaven’ ~ S [cn] sm✏n ✏✏ ✏ẓ ‘from the beginning
of heaven’ Ps19.7.
swqbl (√qbl) ‘chance’ ~ yty✏ ‘id.’ E27/60v26.
swrhb (√srhb) ‘haste’: b-swrhb✏ ‘in haste’ ~ yr twxycq ‘very quickly’ E27/68v9.
swr⌥n (√sr ) ‘fault, harm’ ~ yp ‘harm, injury, loss’ E27/94v7.
swr✏ ‘line’ ~ wytq ‘id.’ E41.4, 5, 8*.
s⌥p pa el ‘to overthrow’ ~ p ✏y ‘to throw, overthrow’ E26/28r10*.
— etp el or etpa al ‘to be cast down’ ~ frywbty b- ‘id.’ E28/8r16.
s⌥t ‘bath’ ~ sn✏y✏mnty ‘washing’ Tit3.5 E6/5r.
s✏y ap el ‘to turn, divert’ ~ qr- ‘to lead, conduct, bring; to steer (a ship)’ E25/1r16.
s✏n ‘Satan’ ~ mnw ‘id.’ E20V2; E26/25r22; E27.
s✏r ‘side, flank’ ~ qw y- ‘id.’ Jn20.20 E5/76v; ~ dst- ‘hand’ E28/9v27.
sybwt (→sb✏) ‘old age’ ~ [m✏sy-s]qwny ‘id.’ E27/39r14; ~ zrw ‘id.’ E27/14r11.
sybr quad. ‘to bear, endure’ ~ pt✏w ‘id.’ Mt10.22 E5/75v; Hymn 7; E24/8v1; E28/2av1* (rest.!);
~ wyt✏w ‘id.’ E26/27v19, 31r30; ~ br- ‘to bear’ E23A9f.
— See also msybrnwt✏, sybrt✏.

sybrt (√sybr) ‘food’: d-l✏ sybrt✏ ‘without food’ ~ [p](w)-xwrt ‘id.’ E27/25v17f.
syg ‘hedge, fence’ ~ pr t✏ ‘id.’ Mt21.33 E5/38r.
1
sym (swm) p al (i) ‘to place, put, set, lay, lay up, lay down, deposit, establish’ ~ ✏wsty ‘id.’
NT+; Ps24.2, 50.18; ≈ ✏wstty b- ‘to be placed’ E26/23v18; ~ c✏s✏r w✏[c] ‘to let down’ E23.227,
228; (ii) ‘to appoint (a time)’ ~ x ✏wn * br-/ brt ‘to give authority’ Gal4.2 E6/3v.
— p al + b-r⌘yn✏ ‘to decide’, lit. ‘to put (it) into (one’s) mind’ ~ m✏ny ✏wsty ‘id.’ E27/1v25*(?).
— p al pass. pt. (sym) (i) ‘laid’ ~ npydty ‘id.’ Lk2.12 E3r, Lk2.16 E3v; (ii) ‘to be placed’ ~ swq-
‘to be, remain, stay’ E28/7v9.
— p al inf. (msm): see msm-b-r ✏.
— etp el ‘to be placed’ ~ ✏wstty b- ‘id.’ E27/57r20; ≈ ✏wsty ‘to place’ E27/68v10.
— See also msm-b-r ✏, 2sym, symt✏.
2
sym, sym✏ (√sym) ‘placing’ (noun):
— sym bwrk✏ ‘kneeling (noun)’ ~ [pcxyz✏m]nt ‘id.’ E27/56v26.
— tny p al + symyd✏ ‘to recite the laying on of hands’ ~ *wn-/qt- + ✏frywn ‘to perform a
blessing’ E24c3.23.
symt (√sym) (i) ‘treasure’ ~ zny✏ ‘treasury’ E27/51r4(?); ~ ✏w(sc) [...] ‘laid-down [treasure]’
E27/11v26f; (ii) ‘placing’ (noun):
— symt bn̈y✏ ‘status of sons, adoption’ ~ ◆ wn-w✏dqy✏ ‘id.’ Gal4.5 E6/3v.
synq ‘hemidrachm’:9 synq✏ d-dhb✏ ‘hemidrachm of gold’ ~ qysrq✏n ‘denarius’ E27/69v14*.
syp ‘sword’ ~ x r ‘id.’ E23A29; E24c2.7; E27/68v5; ~ x ry d✏r ‘blade of the sword’ E27/68v5.
sky pa el ‘to wait for, await, expect’ ~ pcqs- ‘id.’ Lk12.36 E5/130r; E27/60r28, 77r15; ~ *pcqsy
swq- ‘to be waiting (for)’ E28/2av5; ~ 1 yr ‘to call, invoke, summon’(!) E23.241, 246.
skl etpa al ‘to understand, perceive’ ~ ptbyd- ‘id.’ Mt13.19 E5/109r, Lk24.45 E5/83v;
E24c1.37, 39, c2.21; E27/39r11.
— See also swkl✏.
skl (→sklwt✏) ‘foolish’ ~ mnt rb✏q ‘foolish, unwise, ignorant’ 1Cor1.27 E6/12v; E27/26v8(?),
102r22, 25; E30/4r6f*, 5r1.
sklwt (→skl✏) ‘offence’ ~ w✏n ‘fault, sin’ E23.201; E24c2.18.
skr p al + pwm✏ ‘to shut the mouth’ ~ ptrwx - ‘to be silent, cease speaking’ E27/66r15.
— See also skr✏.
skr (√skr) ‘shield’ ~ S pts✏ ‘id.’ Ps5.13.
skryw✏ ‘Iscariot’ ~ skrywt✏yq ‘id.’ Lk6.16 E5/91v.
sly ap el ‘to reject, spurn’ ~ pcq✏w *wn-/qt- ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v; Ps5.7.
— See also mstlynwt✏.
slq p al (i) ‘to rise, arise, ascend, come up, go up’ ~ sn- ‘id.’ Mt20.18 E5/34v, Lk24.38 E5/83r*;
Ps24.3*; Creed 9; E23.113, 171; E27; E28/13a13; E36/2v6, 3v10; ~ w- ‘to go’ E26/30r15;
(ii) ‘to go up, board (a ship)’ ~ nyd ‘to sit; to board (a ship)’ E27/87v6.
9
On the etymology of this rare word see Sims-Williams 2017a, 488-90.
— ap el ‘to make to go up, lift up, bring up, raise’ ~ 2syn ‘id.’ Mt17.1 E5/127v; E27/23v11,
60r1; E28/25A6, 26A11; ≈ 1s n ‘bringing up, raising’ E28/25A2; ~ sxw✏y ‘to lift up, bear’
E26/28r4* (rest.!).
— ap el + t bw t✏ ‘to raise (a hymn of) praise’ ~ wbty✏ + ptwyd/ptwyst- ‘to offer praise’ E26/
24r21.
— See also msqt✏, swlq✏.
sm , pl. sm̈mn✏ ‘medicine’ ~ *rwr- ‘herb, medicinal plant’ E28/12r13 (emended).
smwk (√smk) ‘support’ ~ ptr✏fy✏ ‘id.’ E27/126r26.
smy pa el ‘to blind’ ~ (s)[mynt *wn-/qt-] ‘to make blind’ E28/109v29(?).
— See also smy✏.
smy (√smy) ‘blind’ ~ smynt ‘id.’ E5; ~ qwr ‘id.’ E23.218; E24c1.26; ~ znt yty qwr ‘id.’
(hendiadys) E27/23r30.
smk p al ‘to reach (land)’ ~ b✏w ‘to approach, reach’ E25/1v13f* (rest.!).
— ap el ‘to cause to recline, seat (at a meal)’ ~ *2p yd ‘id.’ Lk12.37 E5/130r*.
— etp el ‘to lean, rest, recline (at a meal)’ ~ 1p yd ‘to sit, rest, recline’ Lk24.30 E5/72v.
— etp el or etpa al ‘id.’ ~ pcpr- ‘to settle, rest’ E23.110(?).
— See also smwk✏.
sml ‘the left hand, left side’ ~ s✏pt ‘left hand’ E27/57v8; ~ s✏pt qyr✏n ‘left side’ Mt25.33 E5/
126r*, Mt25.41 E5/126v; E27/60v13.
— d-sml✏ ‘left’, lit. ‘of the left hand’ ~ s✏pt ‘left’ E27/57r27.
sm̈mn✏: see sm✏.
sn✏, sny✏ ‘hated’ = sny p al pass. pt.
sn (√sny) ‘hater, enemy’ ~ n✏ r wzy ‘ill-wisher’ Lk1.71 E5/6r.
sn t (√sny) ‘hatred’ ~ y twc ‘id.’ E27/66r7.
sny p al ‘to hate’ ~ S ⌦-y ty *kwn-/kt- ‘to hate’ Ps5.6*, 50.17* (rest.!); ~ y ty d✏r ‘to consider
(as) hateful’ Lk16.13 E5/48v, Jn15.19 E5/73v* (rest.!); Tit3.3 E6/5r*; E28/1r23, 109v28; ~
y ty/ y t- ny✏s ‘id.’ Jn15.18 E5/73v; E27/61r24*.
— p al pass. pt. (sn✏, sny✏) ‘hated, hateful, odious’ ~ y t- ‘id.’ Mt10.22 E5/75v*; ~ y t wny
‘id.’ Tit3.3 E6/5r; ~ (p)t (yr)-[q✏ry] ‘harmful, injurious’ E27/66r5f(?).
— See also sn✏✏, sn✏t✏.
snyq (→swnqn✏) ‘needing’ ~ ny✏z✏wt ‘id.’ E26/32v9*; E27/31r16, 56r28; ~ ny✏zq n ‘id.’ Jn16.30
E5/79v.
ss ‘moth, grub’ ~ wywyc ‘id.’ E26/2r10.
s wr (√s⌘r) ‘agent’ ≈ ✏brzbry✏ or ✏brzqry✏ ‘agency, business’ E27/77r7.
s r p al (i) ‘to visit, look after’ ~ ✏brz br- ‘id.’ Mt25.36 E5/126r, Lk1.68 E5/6r, Lk1.78 E5/6v;
E27/126r29; E28/10v15*; (ii) ‘to do, perform’ ~ 2wn- ‘id.’ E25/1v11, 18; E26/24v16, 26r23*;
E27; ~ spty wn- ‘to make complete’ E27/69v26.
— See also sw⌘rn✏, s⌘wr✏.
s r ‘hair’ ~ wrs ‘hair (of the head)’ Mt10.30 E5/76r(?); E27/87v4, 91r6; E36/1v12, 14.
s̈pwt✏: see spt✏.
spynt ‘ship, boat’ ~ n✏w ‘id.’ Jn21.6 E5/80v.

spyqwt (√spq) ‘emptiness, isolation’ ~ pw✏zwny ‘id.’ E27/31r26.
spq p al ‘to suffice, be able’ ~ b✏w ‘to suffice’ E23.157; E27/94v28; ~ b✏wnyq b- ‘to be suffi-
cient’ E28/2ar4; ~ wxs- ‘to be allowed, be permitted’ E28/1v1.
— p al act. pt. (spq) ‘sufficient, able’ ~ b✏wnyq ‘id.’ Mt10.25 E5/75v; ~ b✏wwny ‘id.’ E27/31v29,
40r8*, 11; E28/3r13.
— p al pass. pt. (spyq) ‘empty, vain’ ~ w✏ry ‘id.’ E28/2av14; ~ pw✏zy ‘empty’ E27/31r20.
— See also spyqwt✏.
spr pa el ‘to shave’ ~ ✏wtr ‘id.’ E26/25r16.
1
spr (→2spr✏) ‘book (of the bible)’ ~ m✏rdny ‘record, book’ E27/94v19, 104v10*.
— nwpq✏ d-spr✏ ‘book instruction’ ~ dpyry✏ ‘writing’ E27/31r14.
2
spr (→1spr✏) ‘scribe’ ~ dpyr ‘id.’ Mt20.18 E5/34v.
3
spr ‘bank, shore’ ~ zmpy ‘id.’ E27/87v11.
spt ‘lip’, pl. s̈pwt✏ ~ p ‘id.’ E24c2.6; ~ S kwc✏kh ‘mouth’ Ps34.14.
sqwr ‘ill-wisher, spiteful enemy’ ~ ✏ wyrny ‘id.’ E27/23v29.
srd etpa al ‘to be terrorstruck’ ~ f n- ‘to tremble, cower’ E27/69r21.
srhb quad. = rhb sap el ‘to make haste’ ~ pr tr w p f✏r tz ‘id.’ E28/9v13.
— See also msrhb✏yt, swrhb✏.
srw⌥ (√sr ) ‘vicious, wicked’ ~ ryq ‘id.’ E30/4r4.
sr⌥ p al ‘to harm’ ~ wyd✏b ... wn- ‘to do harm’ E27/83r7*.
— See also swr n✏, srw ✏.
srywt ‘stench, foulness’ ~ nt ‘id.’ E27/126v29.
srp ‘seraph’, pl. sr̈p✏ ~ fry ty ‘angel’ E26/23v24, 24r2*. See also Sogd. s.v. *sr✏p✏.
srq p al pass. pt. (sryq) ‘empty, vain’ ~ w✏ry ‘id.’ E27/61v16, 23; ~ pw-wr✏ ‘unprofitable, worth-
less’ E27/40r10, 65v30; ~ pwtqry ‘rotten, useless, vain’ E28/10v27.
— pa el ‘to deprive, abandon’ ~ pryc ‘to leave, abandon’ E27/102v27.
— pa el pass. pt. (msrq) ‘empty, devoid (of)’ ~ w✏ry ‘id.’ E27/55v28.
stwry (√1str) ‘destruction’ ~ *qn✏mnty ‘digging out, rejection’ E28/8v20f*.
1
str p al ‘to destroy’ ~ qn- ‘to dig out, uproot’ E28/8v7.
— See also stwry✏.
2
str pa el ‘to shelter, protect’ ~ ✏s✏dtw d✏r ‘to keep protected’.
d (→⌘d⌘d✏) ‘festival’ ~ ✏ ✏m ‘holy day, festival, feast’ E27/55r19, 94v3.
b ‘forest’ ~ mr ‘id.’ E27/11r24*.
bd p al ‘to do, make, commit, perform, cause’ ~ 2wn- ‘id.’ NT+; Ps34.15, 51.6; ~ sfryn ‘to
create’ E27/5r30; ~ spty wn- ‘to make complete’ E27/12v14*; ~ 2✏br ‘to bring, fetch’ E28/
9v30; ~ br- ‘to give’ E27/68r4; ~ w✏b ‘to say, speak, tell’ E27/57v15; ≈ qty b- ‘to be done’
E27/55v21.
— p al + dwkrn✏ ‘to make a commemoration’ ~ spy - + ✏ m ‘to celebrate a festival’ E27/55r26.
— p al + twlmd✏ ‘to perform conversions’ ~ sn✏m br- ‘to give baptism’ E28/9v29.
— p al pass. pt. (⌘byd, ⌘byd✏) (i) ‘to be made; to become’ ~ b- ‘to become’ E26/24r13; ~ x- ‘to be’
E27/83v7*; (ii) ‘(something) made, handiwork, creation’ ~ dstwb✏ry ‘handiwork’ E27/5r29*;
~ sfryty ‘creation, creature’ E28/5r28*.
— ap el ‘to cause, effect’ ~ 2wn- ‘to do, make, cause’ E27/31v13.
— ap el pass. pt. (m⌘bd) ‘to be performed’ ~ qty b- ‘id.’ E28/1r14.
— etp el ‘to be made’ ~ sfryty b-/qt- ‘to be created’ Creed 3.
— ⇥ap el ‘to enslave’, e⇥tap al ‘to submit oneself to’: see ⌘bd.
— See also 1⌘bd✏, 2⌘bd✏, ⌘bdwt✏, ⌘bwd✏.
1
bd (√⌘bd) ‘deed, work, act, action, operation, business’ ~ ✏rq ‘work, action, deed, business’
Jn5.36 E5/41v (x2); E23.159; E27; E29/1r11; ~ qty✏ ‘deed’ Mt16.27 E5/127r, Lk24.19 E5/
72r; Tit3.5 E6/5r; E27; E28/3v21.
— ⌘bd ✏ÿdwhy ‘the work of His hands’ ~ S ZKny * stw↵✏ry (MS sw↵ry!) kty✏wy ‘His handi-
work (and) creation’ Ps19.2.
— ⌘bd✏ d-✏ÿd✏ ‘work of the hands’ ~ dstwb✏r̈✏ ‘handiwork’ E26/30v27.
2
bd (√⌘bd) ‘servant, slave’ ~ bnty ‘id.’ NT+; Ps19.12*.
̈
bdwt (√⌘bd) ‘bondage, servitude, slavery’ ~ bntqwny ‘id.’ E26/28r6, 8, 13; E28/5r25; ≈ bnt✏
‘slave’ E26/28r7.
— ✏ r ⌘bdwt✏ ‘bill of servitude’ ~ bnty-pwsty ‘id.’ E26/25r13.
— byt ⌘bdwt✏ ‘house of bondage’(?) ~ bntqty ‘id.’ E27/94v9*.
bwd (√⌘bd) ‘maker’ ~ sfrynny ‘Creator’ Creed 1; E24c3.13; E27/57v2, 66v3.
— ⌘bwdn ‘Our Creator’ ~ b - ‘God’ Ε27/126v27.
bwr (√⌘br) ‘transient, transitory’ ~ b✏r ny ‘id.’ E26/24v9; ~ *ptyryny ‘id.’ E27/104v15.
⌘byd, ⌘byd✏ ‘made’ = ⌘bd p al pass. pt.
br p al (i) ‘to pass away, pass by, pass over, cross’ ~ ftyr- ‘id.’ E26/28v11*(?); E27/69v19,
105r4*(?); E28/7v8; ~ ✏z d ‘id.’ E24c1.21*; ~ ptyr- ‘id.’ E26/30v29; (ii) ‘to transgress’ ~ ftyr-
‘id.’ 1Tim2.14 E6/18v*; E26/23v11*; ~ ✏xyr ‘id.’ E27/68v25*; (iii) ‘to turn away’ ~ S z-w✏rt
‘to turn, turn away’ Ps34.15.
— ap el ‘to cause to pass away’ ~ ftyr ‘id.’ E27.
— See also m⌘brt✏, ⌘bwr✏, 1,2⌘br✏.
1
br (√⌘br) ‘transgression’ ~ ✏xyr✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/31v31.
2
br (√⌘br) ‘crossing, ford’ ~ t ✏m ‘id.’ Jn1.28 E5/19v, Jn3.26 E5/23v.
— pl. ⌘br̈✏ ‘limits (of the earth)’ ~ 1✏y✏m ‘end’ E29/2v10.
gl ‘quickly’: b-⌘gl ‘id.’ ~ rt ‘id.’ Lk16.6 E5/48r; E26/24r32; E27/77r14, v13; E28/1r9; ~ rt
yr twx ‘fast (and) very quickly’ E23.239.
d (→⌘dkyl, ⌘dm✏) ‘while, until’ ~ mnt ‘while’ Jn14.29 E2/1r*; ~ wytwr prm m✏t ‘until’ E26/25v4.
dwr (√⌘dr) ‘helper’ ~ S mr✏ẓ ‘worker, labourer; helper’ Ps19.15.
dy p al ‘to befall, affect’ ~ prys ‘to arrive, come, befall’ E27/69r28.
dkyl (→⌘d, ⌘dm✏) ‘still, yet’ ~ tym prm ‘id.’ E27/48r13; E28/3v16; ~ nwqr ‘now’ E27/31v26.
dm (→⌘d, ⌘dkyl) ‘until’:
— ⌘dm✏ d- ‘until, while’ ~ qw prm + neg. ‘until’, lit. ‘so long as ... not’ E27/25v16*, 65r28f*,
94v18; E28/7v27; E30/6r17ff*; ~ mnt ‘while, until’ E23.92, 158; ~ wytwr (...) qt ‘id.’
Mt10.23 E5/75v*; E25/1v17*; E27.
— ⌘dm✏ l- ‘until, up to, as far as’ ~ wytwr qw ... prm ‘until’ Lk2.15 E3r; E5; Gal4.2 E6/3v;
E26/27v6; E27/40r22f, 69r23; E28/7r18, 9r2f*; ~ 2qw ... prm ‘id.’ Ps28.9*; E23.275f*(?);
E24c1.22; E27; ~ prm ‘id.’ E23.298; ‘up to, as far as’ ~ 2qw ... s✏(r) ‘to, towards’ E28/7r22*.
— ⌘dm✏ l-✏mty ‘till when?’ ~ S k ✏ prm ‘id.’ Ps6.4*.
dn (i) ‘time, moment, hour’ ~ n ✏m ‘id.’ E24c2.9; E27; E28/3r11, 14r22; ~ mn- ‘time’ E27/
12r9, 26r1; ~ pstn- ‘delay, respite’ E24c2.14; (ii) ‘(canonical) hour’: see Sogd. s.v. * dn✏.
— bh b-⌘dn✏ ‘at that very moment’ ~ ywn pr w[y✏q] ‘on the spot, immediately’ E23.111f.
d d (→⌘✏d✏) ‘festival’ ~ ✏ ✏mt ✏ ✏m ‘feast of feasts’ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r (see Sogd. s.v. ✏ ✏m).
dr pa el ‘to help’ ~ z✏wr(y) br- ‘to give power, to help’ Lk10.40 E5/91v; E27/39v9f* (rest.!); ~
✏sxs ‘to be suitable’ E28/12r12; ~ S mr✏ẓ ↵- ‘to be a helper’ Ps20.2.
— See also ⌘dwr✏, ⌘wdrn✏.
dt (→⌘dtny✏) ‘congregation, church, the Church’ ~ ✏ncmn ‘church, the Church’ E27; E28/9r22*;
Creed 12; ~ b yst✏n ‘sanctuary, church’ E26/23v22, 29*; E28/9r7; ~ ✏w✏zy ‘congregation’
E26/24r16, 31r29.
— d-⌘dt✏ ‘of the church’ ~ b yst✏ncyq ‘pertaining to the church’ E28/9r3.
— ry ⌘dt✏ ‘ecclesiarch’ (title of a church official): see Sogd. s.v. *ry dt✏.
dtny (→⌘dt✏) ‘ecclesiastical’ ~ ✏ncmny ‘of the Church’ E27/57r24.
hd p al ‘to remember’ ~ y✏ ✏br ‘id.’ Jn15.20 E5/73v, Jn16.21 E5/79r; E27/104r4*; ~ y✏ *wn-/
qt- ‘id.’ Lk1.72 E5/6v.
— etp el ‘id.’ ~ y✏ ✏br ‘id.’ E28/7v18.
— See also m⌘hdn̈✏, ⌘whdn✏.
hn ‘suitable, convenient’ ~ p cynyq ‘id.’ E27/31r20.
wd pa el ‘to accustom’ ~ fs✏c ‘to teach, train, accustom’ E28/1r7.
— ap el pass. pt. (m⌘d) ‘habitual, customary’ ~ ✏dyqcyq ‘id.’ E28/5v18*; ≈ ✏dyq ‘custom, habit’
E27/31v6.
— See also ⌘yd✏.
wdrn (√⌘dr) ‘help, benefit’ ~ 1pc✏y ‘profit’ E27/27r8; ~ z✏wr ‘power; help’ E27/31v8; ≈ z✏wr
br- ‘to give power, to help’ E23.178.
whdn (√⌘hd) ‘memory, commemoration, remembrance’ ~ y✏ ✏br✏mnty ‘remembrance, recollec-
tion’ E27/61v28f*, 94r11f*; E28; ~ y✏ ‘memory’ E28/5r11*; ~ 2ptfr✏w ‘memory, commemor-
ation’ E23.298.
— ✏ty ap el + ⌘whdn✏ ‘to remind’, lit. ‘to bring remembrance’ ~ y✏ ✏br ‘id.’ E27/102r23.
wyr ‘blind’ ~ qwr ‘id.’ E23.139.
wk pa el ‘to prevent, hinder’ ~ pcxw✏y ‘id.’ E27/104r10.
— See also m⌘wkn✏.
1
wl ‘baby’ ~ ✏wrst✏q ‘id.’ Lk2.12 E3r*, Lk2.16 E3v.
2
wl (→3⌘wl✏) ‘iniquity’ ~ pd✏ty ‘id.’ Lk16.9, 11 E5/48r; Ps5.10, 11.5*; E27/40v6, 102v26; E28/
7v1*, 27v28(?); ~ S p ✏t✏ky✏ ‘id.’ Ps5.11.
— d-⌘wl✏ ‘of iniquity’ ~ qt✏nyq✏ry ‘sinful’ E23.87; ~ pd✏tqry ‘doing wrong’ Lk16.8 E5/48r.
3
wl (→2⌘wl✏) ‘iniquitous, unjust’ ~ qt✏nyq✏ry ‘sinful’ E23.319; ~ pd✏tqry ‘doing wrong’ Lk16.10
E5/48v (x2); E27/104r18; E28/23r9.
wmq ‘depth, the depths’ ~ nywq✏wy ‘depth’ E26/3r12; E28/5v26; ~ 1z✏y ‘earth’ Hymn 6; E27/
13v27.
— ⌘wmq✏ d-yqdn✏ ‘abyss of fire’ (i.e. hell) ~ swcnty ✏tr ‘burning fire’ E23.64.
wmr (√⌘mr) (i) ‘dwelling’ ~ myn✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/126v30; ~ 1x✏n✏ ‘house’ E23.97; ≈ sqw- ‘to
dwell’ E23.96; (ii) ‘monastery’: see Sogd. s.v. wmr-.
— ⌘wmr✏ ✏n y✏ ‘human abode’ ~ fcmbd ‘world; the earth’ E27/61r25.
— ry ⌘wmr✏ ‘abbot’: see Sogd. s.v. ry wmr✏.
wndn (√⌘nd) ‘departure’, i.e. ‘death’ ~ ftyr✏mnty ‘passing’ E27/39v3, 40r23.
wnyt (√⌘ny) ‘antiphon’ ~ pyw✏q ‘id.’ E9; E13v9.
wsq ‘pain, vexation’ ~ w y✏q ‘severity, cruelty’ E27/31v30; ≈ qwr ‘harsh, painful, grievous’
E26/27v19.
wp ‘birds’: ⌘wp✏ d- my✏ ‘birds of the sky’ ~ brwz✏n ‘bird’ E27/17v2.
wq ap el ‘to distress’ ~ ✏ntwxc ✏ny ‘id.’, lit. ‘to bring distress’ E27/104v7*, 8; ✏ntwxcn✏q wn- ‘to
make distressed’ E27/60r22.
— ap el pass. pt. (m⌘q) (i) ‘distressed’ ~ nwry qyn ‘disinclined, unwilling’ E27/22v10(?); (ii) ‘to
be distressed’ ~ ✏ntwxcn✏q b- ‘id.’ E27/55v19.
— ettap al ‘to be distressed’ ~ ✏ntwxcn✏q *b-/qt- ‘id.’ E28/9v10; ~ [✏ntwxc] xwr- ‘id.’ E27/
39v3f*.
— See also ⌘yyq, ⌘qt✏.
⌘wr ‘to wake’: see ⌘yr.
wtr (√⌘tr) ‘wealth, riches’ ~ r✏my ‘money, wealth’ E27/105v5; E28/12v9; ~ wr- ‘profit’ E26/
28v35*.
zz etpa al ‘to be strongly moved’ ~ ✏br✏z ‘to become angry’ E27/68v20.
— See also ⌘zyz✏.
zyz (√⌘zz) ‘mighty, grave’ ~ w ‘hard, sore, grievous’ E27/60r27.
zrwr̈ ‘swaddling-clothes’ ~ xw✏wnyq ‘id.’ Lk2.12 E3r.
✏y p al ‘to wipe out, cancel’ ~ S (↵rt)[r kwn-] ‘[to make] better’(!) Ps51.3.
̈
✏m ‘thigh’, pl. ⌘ṭmt✏ ~ pt t✏n ‘id.’ E27/27v17.
✏p p al or ap el ‘to give back, return’ (Bedjan pa el) ~ zwyrt ‘to (cause to) turn, turn away,
return’ E27/69v24.
— p al: twb + ⌘ p p al + d-tny✏ ‘to repeat again a second time’ ~ dbtyq prtw ‘a second time’ E27/
55v16*.
— pa el ‘to wear’ ~ S ✏r ‘to have; to wear’ Ps5.13(?).
— ap el (i) ‘to give back, return’: see under p al above; (ii) ‘to clothe, wrap’ ~ S ✏r ‘to have,
hold, keep’ Ps5.13(?).
yd (√⌘wd) ‘custom, habit’ ~ ✏dyq ‘id.’ E27/31v30*; E28/2av11, 3r19, 25; ~ fs✏q ‘habit’ E28/
1r20; ≈ ✏dyqmyc ‘habitual, customary’ E27/61v22.
— d-⌘yd✏ ‘by habit’ ~ ✏dyqcyq ‘habitual, customary’ E28/2ar1*.
yyq (√⌘wq) ‘distressed’ ~ nwry qyn ‘disinclined, unwilling’ E27/22v10(?).
yl ‘foal’ ~ xwt✏q ‘foal of a donkey’ E26/27r34.
yn ‘eye’ ~ c m- ‘id.’ NT+; Ps19.9, 34.16.
— pl. ⌘yn̈✏ ‘eyes’ ~ S ym face, eyes’ Ps5.6.
— b-✓yny ‘in the sight of’ ~ pyrnms✏r ‘before, in the presence of’ E23.133.
— l-⌘yn/l-⌘ÿny ‘in the sight of, before, in the presence of’ ~ ✏ngm✏n ‘id.’ E23.236; ~ pynms✏r
‘before, in the presence of’ E27/27r22; ~ nbnt ‘with, at, beside, by’ E27/86v1.
yr (⌘wr) p al ‘to wake, watch’ (itr.) ~ w r✏s ‘to be awake’ Lk12.37 E5/130r.
— ap el ‘to waken, arouse’ ~ w ry ‘id.’ E27/39r13f, 40r12, 83r10; ~ ✏xy ‘to raise, raise up’
E27/94v2* (rest.!)(?).
— ettap al ‘to wake, bestir oneself’ ~ w r✏s ‘to wake’ (itr.) E27/104r4.
l (→l⌘l) ‘on, upon, at, over, against, concerning, because of, on account of, on behalf of, for the
sake of, for’ ~ pr ‘on, upon, over, against, concerning’ NT+; Ps; ~ (±pr ...) cwpr ‘id.’
E24c1.49, 70; E26/27r34, 31r21; ~ pr ... cwpr-s✏ ‘id.’ E28/4v29; ~ pr ... sqy ‘upon’ E23.110; ~
cn ... pyd✏r ‘because of, on account of, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, concerning’ E5;
Col1.9 E32/2r; E26/31v28; E27/108v4f, 111r7*; E28; ~ sqyp✏r cn ‘over’ E27/13r30; ~ zmpy
‘on the shore (of)’ Jn21.1 E5/80r*; ~ 1prywyd ‘upon that’ E27/23v11*; ~ prymyd ‘for these’
E28/27v25; ≈ S [kw ...] prm ‘unto’ Ps19.7.
— ⌘l ✏ylyn d- ‘concerning those who’ ~ prywnt qy ‘id.’ E27/111v6.
— ⌘l ✏pÿ (i) ‘on the face of, upon’ ~ [p](r) ‘upon’ E26/23v9; (ii) ‘on account of, for the sake of’ ~
cn ... pyd✏r ‘id.’ 1Cor11.24 E6/7v; Ps6.1; E26/31v11; E27/12v19; ~ cn ‘from’ E26/24v24; ~ S
(pry)[wy ] ‘on account of that’ Ps13.1.
— ⌘l d- ‘in that, in so far as, because’ ~ 1prywyd qt/qyt ‘id.’ E26/31r27; E27/104v4.
— ⌘l hd✏ ‘concerning this, therefore’ ~ cyw pyd✏r ‘concerning it’ E27/60r6; ~ cymy y pyd✏r
‘therefore’ Jn16.19 E5/78v*.
— ⌘l h⌥ ‘concerning that’ ~ cywyd pyd✏r ‘id.’ E28/14v7.
— ⌘l hlyn ‘concerning these’ ~ prywnt ‘id.’ E27/40v18.
— ⌘l ... hẏ ‘in that’ ~ 1prywyd ‘id.’ E27/87r7.
— ⌘l hn✏ ‘concerning this’ ~ cymyd w✏x y pyd✏r ‘concerning this matter’ E28/14v7.
— ⌘l (...) hn✏ ‘concerning this ...’ ~ cymy y ... pyd✏r ‘id.’ E28/12r3, 14v7.
— ⌘l (...) h wn ‘on/concerning those’ ~ prywnt ‘id.’ E27/27r25, 39r8, 40v21.
— ⌘l rglẅhy ‘at his feet’ ~ p✏dy c✏dr ‘at the feet of’ E26/27v35; ~ p✏dy c✏s✏r ‘id.’ E26/31v25.
— ⌘ly ‘upon me, for my sake’ ~ pr✏m✏ ‘upon me’ E26/28v30; E27/94r20, 111v7; ~ c✏m✏ pyd✏r ‘for
my sake’ E27/68r4.
— ⌘lwhy/⌘lyḣ ‘in him, upon him, concerning him, concerning her, over it’ etc. ~ pryw ‘id.’ E5;
E27; E28/8r13; ~ cyw pyd✏r ‘concerning him’ E27/60r27
— ⌘lyhyn ‘on them’ ~ prywnt ‘id.’ Lk10.34 E5/91r.
— qwm p al + ⌘l r̈gl✏ ‘to stand on (one’s) feet’ ~ p✏dy sqw- ‘id.’ E27/55r24.
lb p al ‘to deprive’ ~ 1pr y ‘id.’ E27/104v16*.
ly pa el ‘to raise, exalt’ ~ sxw✏y ‘to raise, lift up’ E27/61r17; ~ ✏y n wn- ‘to make worthy’ E28/
14r1; ~ 2pr✏ny ‘to lead’ E28/14v4 (?—but see s.v. ⌘ll ap el).
— pa el pass. pt. (m⌘ly) + mn ‘higher than, superior to’ ~ sqyp✏r ... cn ‘id.’ E27/31v22.
— etpa al ‘to ascend, rise up’ ~ sn- ‘id.’ E27; ~ t✏wnty *b-/qt- ‘to become strong’ E23.170.
— See also ⌘ly✏, 2⌘lt✏.
ly (√⌘ly) (i) ‘above, highest, exalted’ ≈ sqy ‘above, (situated) above’ E26/23v24; ~ sm✏ncyq
heavenly’ E27/66r8* (rest.!); ≈ sqys✏r ‘upwards, up, above’ E26/31r15; (ii) ‘the Exalted One’
~ sm✏ncyq b - ‘heavenly God’ Lk1.76 E5/6v.
— pl. ⌘lÿ✏ ‘exalted (beings)’ ~ [bry ty]t pr sm✏n ‘[angel]s in heaven’ E26/24r1.
— mr̈wm✏ ⌘lÿ✏ ‘the heights above’ ~ sm✏n ‘heaven’ E26/23v16.
lym ‘young man, lad, youth’ ~ qncy ‘id.’ E28/10r25; ~ wy✏pt t ‘id.’ E27/77r14.
ll p al ‘to enter, go in, come in’ ~ 2tys ‘id.’ NT+; Ps5.8*, 24.7, 9*; ~ ✏ys ‘to come’ E27/12v5; ≈
1
tys ‘entrance’ E27/11r21.
— ap el ‘to bring in, insert’ ~ tny- ‘id.’ E27/22r10, 68v23*, 120r6; E28/10r25; ~ 2pr✏ny ‘to lead,
bring’ E28/14v4 (if the translator read n⌘lk ‘may bring you’ for n⌘lyk ‘may raise you’ (⌘ly
ap el)).
— etpa al ‘to be brought in, enter’ ~ 2tys ‘to enter’ E27/31v14; ~ pnt b- ‘to come near’ E28/
14r7* (rest.!).
— See also 1⌘lt✏.
lm (→⌘lmy✏) (i) ‘eternity’: see phrases below; (ii) ‘world’ ~ fcmbd ‘world; the earth’ NT+.
— pl. ⌘lm̈✏ ‘worlds; ages, aeons’ ~ S ✏↵cmp t ‘id.’ Hymn 5*; Creed 3*.
— br ⌘lm✏ ‘son of the world’ ~ fcmbdcyq ‘worldly’ E27/104r12.
Tit3.7 E6/5v*; E27/68v3*.
— d-⌘lmÿ ⌘lmyn ‘eternal’ ≈ [✏yqwn] pn ‘for ever’ E27/91v7f.
— d-⌘lm✏ ‘of the world’ ~ fcmbdcyq ‘worldly’ 1Cor1.27 E6/12v* (x2); E26/24v9*, 28r19, 31r31;
E27/40r13; ~ fcmbdyq ‘id.’ E26/28v29*.
— dr̈y ⌘lm̈✏ ‘all ages’, lit. ‘ages of aeons’ ~ m wn fcmbd ‘the whole world’ E26/31r9.
— l-⌘lm ‘for ever’ ~ (±qw) ✏yqwn prm ‘id.’ Ps; E27/68v4.
— l-⌘lm ⌘lmyn ‘in saecula saeculorum, for ever and ever’ ~ S kw ✏✏ykwn kw ✏✏ykwn prm ‘id.’
Hymn 9; ~ qw ✏yqwn pn ‘for ever’ E27/27v14.
— l-⌘lmyn ‘for ever’ ~ ✏yqwn prm ‘id.’ E26/24r23*; ~ qw ✏✏y(m)[ prm] ‘up to the end’ E25/
1v22*.
— mlkÿ ⌘lm✏ ‘kings of the earth’ ~ z✏ycyq xw ywn t ‘earthly kings’ E27/13v28.
— mn ⌘lm ‘from eternity’ ~ cn ✏yqwn ms✏ ‘since eternity’ Lk1.70 E5/6r, Jn9.32 E5/101v; ~ cn
fcmbd ✏ ✏z mrts✏r ‘since the beginning of the world’ E26/26r21f*, v11f*; ~ S cn ✏✏ ✏ẓ mrts✏r
‘from/since the beginning’ Ps24.9*.
— mn tr̈myth d-⌘lm✏ ‘from the foundation of the world’ ~ cn fcmpd ◆ ✏z *pyrnms✏ ‘from before
the beginning of the world’ Jn17.24 E5/83r.
— ⌘lm zbn✏, lit. ‘world of time’ ~ w p✏n- mncyq fcmbd ‘temporary world’ E28/12r29f.
lmy (→⌘lm✏) ‘worldly (person)’ ~ fcmbdcyq ‘worldly’ E28/8v17* (rest.!).
1
lt (√⌘ll) ‘cause’, constr. ⌘lt: mn ⌘lt ‘because of’ ~ cn ‘from’ E27/31v1.
2
lt (√⌘ly) (i) ‘altar’ ~ pw✏dy ‘monument, altar, house (of God)’ E27/23v11* (rest.!); ~ 1dyw
‘demon, devil’ E26/28r10; (ii) ‘sacrifice’ ~ w y ‘id.’ E36/2r2*.
m (i) ‘with’ ~ dn ... prw (rarely dn alone or prw alone) ‘id.’ NT+; Ps5.5*, 50.18; ~ s✏r ‘for’ E26/
24r37; ~ cn ‘from’ etc. E27/57r17; ~ 1✏t ‘and’ E27/1v9*; ~ 1yty ‘id.’ E27/12v7, 26r3; ~ dywyd
‘with that’ E27/40v22; (ii) ‘(immediately) upon, at (the moment of)’ ~ [p]rw ‘id.’ E26/32v5;
~ myd✏ny ‘id.’ E26/27v17.
— d ⌘m d ‘one with another’ ~ [yw d](bt)yqy prw ‘id.’ Lk2.15 E3r.
— ⌘m ... hẏ ‘with that’ ~ dywyd ‘id.’ E27/87r18*.
̈
— ⌘m dd✏ ‘with one another’ ~ [yw dn dbty](q)y [prw] ‘one with another’ Jn16.19 E5/78v; ~ [...
db]t[y]✏ prw ‘[one] with another’ E27/25r16; ~ yw cn dbtyqy ‘one from another’ E27/57r17.
— ⌘mh/⌘mḣ ‘with him, with it’ ~ 2dyw prw ‘id.’ E27.
— ⌘my ‘with me’ ~ 1d✏m✏ ... prw ‘id.’ E27/69v12, 26, 120r3.
— ⌘mk ‘with you’ ~ d✏f✏ ... prw ‘id.’ E27/69v25.
m ‘people’ ~ rm- ‘id.’ NT+; Ps; ~ n✏f ‘people, nation, folk’ E26/25v26, 26v18; ~ ✏w✏zy ‘assem-
bly, multitude’ E26/26v2*.
— pl. ⌘m̈m✏ ‘peoples, gentiles’ ~ rmq✏nty ‘gentiles’ E26/31r29; ~ [z✏ycyqt] d✏m ‘earthly creatures’
E26/23v4f(?).
— ⌘m✏ sgy✏✏ ‘many people’ ~ s✏t wyspw ✏✏dy ‘everyone’ E26/25v4.
md p al ‘to be baptized’ ~ sn✏m *pc ✏z/pc t- ‘to receive baptism’ 1Cor12.13 E6/20r*, Gal3.27
E6/3r; Rom6.3*, 3 E32/1r; E26/27r8, 36, v4; E27/57r1; ~ sn✏my tys ‘to enter baptism’ E26/
27v9, 16*.
— p al pass. pt. (⌘myd, ⌘myd✏) ‘baptized’, as noun ‘candidate for baptism’ ~ 1nwy ‘neophyte’
E27/57r5, 7*, 14.
— ap el ‘to baptize’ ~ sn✏m br- ‘to give baptism’ E5; E23.69; E24c3.11; E27/57r2.
— See also m⌘mwdyt✏, ⌘md✏.
md (√⌘md) ‘baptism’ ~ sn✏m ‘id.’ E26/30v32; E27/56v31, 57r8.
mwd ‘pillar’ ~ stwn ‘id.’ E23.110*.
mwr (√⌘mr) ‘dweller, inhabitant, settler’ ~ mynny ‘id.’ Ps33.8*; E27; ≈ S myn ‘to dwell Ps24.1.
m✏n ‘blackness, gloom’ ~ my ‘fog, gloom’ E27/40v1.
⌘myd, ⌘myd✏ ‘baptized’ = ⌘md p al pass. pt.
myq ‘deep’: b ⌘myq✏ ‘very deep’ ~ [w✏]-nywq(s)t ‘id.’ E27/23v20f.

ml p al ‘to exert oneself, toil, labour’ ~ fs- ‘id.’ E27/31v27, 48r27; ~ mpn br- ‘to take pains’
E28/8v19*.
— p al pass. pt. (⌘myl) ‘laborious’ ~ mpnqyn ‘strenuous, laborious’ E27/31v5; E28/8v25; ~
mpnq nstr ‘more laborious’ E28/8v14.
— See also ⌘ml✏.
ml (√⌘ml) ‘exertion, effort, labour, trouble’ (often referring to ascetic labours) ~ mpn ‘id.’
E26/29r8*, 31v30; E27; E28/1r17, 5r18, 19; ≈ [ mpn]-br y ‘one who has performed strenuous
labours, ascetic’ E27/60r14.
⌘m̈m✏ ‘peoples’: see ⌘m✏.
mr p al ‘to dwell’ ~ 1myn ‘id.’ Hymn 8; E23.247; E27/7r27*; E28/4r26; ~ swq- ‘id.’ E26/31r15;
~ S myn pr ys ‘to remain in place’(?) Ps5.12.
— See also m⌘mr✏, ⌘wmr✏, ⌘mwr✏.
⌘n✏, ⌘ny✏ ‘occupied’ = ⌘ny p al pass. pt.
nd p al ‘to depart, fail’ ~ ✏nc✏y ‘to cease, stop’ E27/65r29.
— See also ⌘wndn✏, ⌘nyd✏.
nwy (→⌘nwywt✏) ‘ascetic’ ~ swgb✏r ‘monk’ E28/1v11.
nwywt (→⌘nwy✏) ‘asceticism’ ~ w n-p✏yqy✏ ‘discipline’(?) E27/31v5.
ny p al ‘to answer, reply, respond’ ~ S ptw✏↵ ‘id.’ Ps20.2; ~ ptb nt ‘id.’ E27/23r29(?); ~ p✏c ny
wn-/qt- ‘to make answer’ E5; E27/66r2, 68r10; E28/3v13; ~ pcbnt *wn-/qt- ‘id.’ E26/24v22;
~ pcbnt br- ‘to bear answer’ E24c1.28; E26/25r8, v21*, 27r19; ≈ 1✏bynt ‘answer, response’
E14/1v8, 2r12.
— p al pass. pt. (⌘n✏, ⌘ny✏) (i) ‘occupied’ ~ ✏bysty ‘id.’ E28/1v2; (ii) ‘to be occupied’ ~ ✏bnt d✏r ‘to
have a concern, be occupied’ Lk10.40 E5/91r.
— etp el ‘to be occupied’ ~ ✏bnt d✏r ‘to have a concern, be occupied’ E28/1v3.
— See also ⌘wnyt✏, ⌘nyn✏.
nyd (√⌘nd) ‘departed, deceased’ ~ mwrty ‘dead’ E27/77v16.
nyn (√⌘ny) ‘converse, intimacy’ ~ ✏mbnt ‘id.’ E28/14r11*, 21; ~ wyry ✏mnty ‘intimacy’ E27/
48r6*, 8.
nn ‘cloud’ ~ p[r]( b)[y] ‘id.’ Mt17.5 E5/127v.
nq ‘shoot, branch’ ~ x ‘branch’ E23.120.
sr, ⌘sr✏ ‘ten’ ~ ds✏ ‘id.’ E5; E27/40v18, 19.
— d-⌘sr✏ ‘tenth’ ~ dsmyq ‘id.’ E27/55r27.
sryn ‘twenty’:
— d-⌘sryn ‘twentieth’ ~ wystmyq ‘id.’ E27/55v27.
— ⌘sryn w- d✏ ‘twenty-one’ ~ y(w)[-wyst] ‘id.’ E27/1r10.
— d-⌘sryn w- d ‘twenty-first’ ~ yw-wystmyq ‘id.’ E27/55v29*.
— d-⌘sryn w-tryn ‘twenty-second’ ~ [dw✏wys](tmyq)[ ‘id.’ E27/56r2.
— d-⌘sryn w-✏rb⌘✏ ‘twenty-fourth’ ~ ctf✏r-wystmyq ‘id.’ E27/56r11; E28/4r30; ~ S 24-mykw ‘id.’

Ps24.0*.
— d-⌘sryn w- m ✏ ‘twenty-fifth’ ~ S 25-mykw ‘id.’ Ps25.0*.
py pa el ‘to enshroud’ ~ ✏ yp ‘to bury’ E27/60r9.
pyp ‘double, twofold’ ~ dw✏-zng✏n ‘id.’ E28/1r18.
pr ‘earth, dust’ ~ xwrm ‘id.’ E27/69v18; E28/93B9.
— ⌘pr✏ d-mwt✏ ‘dust of death’ ~ S mrcxw(r)[m] ‘id.’ Ps22.16.
y p al (i) ‘to constrain (thoughts)’ ~ nwr wn- ‘to make indifferent’ E28/8r25, v23*; (ii) ‘to
constrain (oneself)’ ~ nwry wn- + ryw(y) ‘to make oneself indifferent’ E28/1r4, 15.
— See also ⌘⌧yn✏.
yn (√⌘⌧y) ‘compulsion, constraint’ ~ 2nwr y ‘lack of desire, indifference’ E27/61v22.
qb pa el ‘to investigate’ ~ pdyb✏rcy✏ br- ‘to hold an enquiry’ E24c1.51; E26/30r29.
— See also ⌘qbt✏.
qbt (√⌘qb) ‘footstep’ ~ ✏wx✏q ‘id.’ E28/12r6.
qr p al ‘to uproot, break down, destroy’ ~ qn- ‘to dig out, uproot’ E28/8v9; ~ ✏wx✏y ‘to break,
smash’ E28/10v20, 21*, 23.
— See also ⌘qr✏.
qr (√⌘qr) ‘root’ ~ wyx ‘id.’ Rom11.18 E6/6r (x2); E27/102v22.
qt (√⌘wq) ‘grief, distress’ ~ ✏ntwxc ‘grief, sadness, distress’ E27/83r1.
— b-⌘qt✏ or b-⌘⇤t✏ ‘in distress’ ~ S ↵⌦-✏x✏wkw ‘miserable, unhappy, distressed’ Ps6.1.
rb p al ‘to set’ (of the sun) ~ tx z ‘id.’ E27/94v18.
— See also m⌘rb✏.
rb ‘sheep’ ~ stwr ‘id.’ Mt25.32, 33* E5/125v.
rbl quad. ‘to sift, winnow’ ~ w ‘id.’ E27/40r11.
rwqy (√⌘rq) ‘fleeing, flight’ ~ pry ✏mnty ‘id.’ E28/4r27, 28.
r✏ly ‘naked’ ~ b ny ‘id.’ Mt25.43, 44 E5/126v; E36/2r14; ~ srcq ‘id.’ Mt25.38 E5/126r.
ry yt (√⌘r⌧) ‘accidentally’ ~ pr [yt](y✏) ‘by chance’ E27/55v30.
r p al ‘to befall’ ~ prys ‘to arrive, come, befall’ E27/104r7.
— See also ⌘ry⌧✏yt.
rq p al ‘to flee’ ~ pry ‘id.’ E23.284; E27/1v5, 94r26; E28/3v13, 4r23; ~ t ‘id.’ Mt10.23 E5/
75v; E28/65v4(?).
— See also ⌘rwqy✏.
rqt ‘strap, band’ ~ ✏rwx ‘gag’ E24c2.5.
yn (√⌘ n) ‘strong, powerful, mighty’ ~ S ẓ-✏wrkyn ‘id.’ Ps24.8; ~ t✏wnty ‘id.’ E27/13v19.
— wr✏ ⌘ yn✏ ‘mighty wall’ ~ q ✏m ‘city-wall’ E27/22v13, 23r4.
n pa el ‘to strengthen’ ~ S ẓ-✏wrkyn kwn- ‘to make strong’ Ps50.15*.
— etpa al ‘to be strengthened’ ~ S t✏wnty ↵- ‘to become strong’ Ps5.12.
— See also ⌘ yn✏.
td pa el ‘to prepare’ ~ *p t✏y ‘id.’ E28/12v2 (MS p ✏y).
tyd, ⌘tyd✏ (√⌘td) ‘imminent, future, to come, about to’ ~ pcp✏n ‘id.’ Mt16.27 E5/127r*, Mt25.34
E5/126r*, Lk24.21 E5/72r; Creed 10; E27/56r25*, 61v29, 83r5*; E28/7v12, 16; ~ pcp✏ncyq
‘id.’ E28/12v5.
tyq ‘old’ ~ wycny ‘id.’ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r; Rom6.6 E32/1v; E27/55r28.
— dytq✏ ⌘tyqt✏ ‘Old Testament’ ~ wcync nwm ‘the Old Law’ E27/55r28.
tyr (√⌘tr) ‘rich; rich man’ ~ ✏mqyn ‘id.’ E27/60v27; E28/12r21; E30/4v15.
tyr yt (√⌘tr) ‘richly’ ~ ✏mqyn- wn ‘id.’ Tit3.6 E6/5v*.
tr p al ‘to become rich’ ~ ✏mqyn b-/qt- ‘id.’ E27/61r18, 108r4; E28/12v8.
— See also ⌘wtr✏, ⌘tyr✏, ⌘tyr✏yt.
p , p✏y✏ (i) ‘pleasant, beautiful’ ~ ◆ yn✏ty ‘id.’ E27/87r8; ~ s✏rst ‘beautiful’ E24c2.10; (ii) ‘proper,
(more) proper’ ~ xwptr ‘better’ E27/7v24; ~ S p k- ‘rule’ Ps29.0.
p r ‘fruit’ ~ brw ‘id.’ Mt21.34 E5/38r, Mt21.41 E5/38v; Col1.10 E32/2v*; E27/87r3, 102r24.
pg p al ‘to happen (upon), meet (with)’ (+ b-) ~ pcwz- ‘id.’ (+ pr) E27/68r14, 102r26.
pgr (→pgrn✏yt, pgrny✏) ‘body, flesh’ ~ tmp✏r ‘id.’ NT+; ~ ryw ‘body’ E28/7r18(?); ≈
tmp✏rmync ‘of the body’ E28/8v5.
pgrn yt (→pgr✏, pgrny✏) ‘in the flesh’ ≈ tmp✏r ‘body, flesh’ E24c3.8.
pgrny (→pgr✏, pgrn✏yt) ‘bodily’ ~ tmp✏rmync ‘id.’ E27/40r10; E28/5r18; ~ tmb✏r-myny ‘id.’
E26/24r13*.
pdn ‘yoke, pair (of oxen)’ ~ 1ywxt- ‘id.’ E27/105r3.
phy p al ‘to wander’ ~ y✏b ‘id.’ E28/2ar9; ~ [y✏](b) + ◆ybt ‘to wander astray’ E27/83v6.
— See also phy✏.
phy (√phy) ‘wandering, distraction’ ~ y✏b✏qc ‘id.’ E27/31v15; E28/12r18, v25.
pw⌥ p al ‘to breathe’ ~ *pcq✏f ‘to *strike’(!) E27/54v18. The translation may be based on a vari-
ant with m ✏ p al ‘to strike’; (of an odour) ‘to be diffused’, see BT XII, 106.
pwlg (√plg) ‘hesitation, doubt’ ~ db✏m✏nqy✏ ‘id.’ E24c3.21.
pwl⌥n (√pl ) ‘service, practice’ ~ sp✏s ‘service’ E27/31v18, 19; E28/2av15, 12v22, 14v5; ~
qrwn✏mnty ‘practice’ E27/31r18.
— pwl n✏ d-ptkr̈✏ ‘idol-worship’ ~ [ptqry-sp](✏)s(q)y✏ ‘id.’ E27/40v7.
pwm ‘mouth’ ~ 1qwc✏ ‘id.’ Lk1.64, 70 E5/6r, Lk19.22 E5/125r; Ps50.19; E27; E28/2ar2; E30/
6r17.
— skr p al + pwm✏ ‘to shut the mouth’ ~ ptrwx - ‘to be silent, cease speaking’ E27/66r15.
— pwm✏ d- rb✏ ‘edge (lit. mouth) of the sword’ ~ x ry d✏r ‘blade of the sword’ E27/68v6.
pwny (√pny) ‘return, reversion, conversion’ ~ zwrt✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/57r30; ~ zwrt[✏](m)[n](tq)[y]✏
‘id.’ Rom11.15 E6/5v.
— pwny ptgm✏ ‘returning answer’ (noun) ~ p✏c ny qrwn✏mnty ‘making answer’ (noun) E27/
94r28; ~ p✏c ny ‘answer’ E27/94r29.
pwqdn (√pqd) ‘order, command, commandment’ ~ frm✏n ‘id.’ 1Tim2.14 E6/18v* (rest.!);
Ps50.16*; E26/23v8, 11, 30v28; E27; E28/7r7*, 20r16, 17, 109v24.
pwrs ‘stratagem’: pwr̈s✏ w-⌧n̈⌘t✏ ‘stratagems and contrivances’ ~ qmpt ‘stratagems’ E27/31r25.
pwrqn (√prq) ‘salvation’ ~ wx ✏mnty ‘id.’ Lk1.68, 69 E5/6r; Col1.14 E32/2v*; Creed 5*;
E27/40v23, 55r24, 111r6; ~ wx nqy✏ ‘redemption’ E26/31v11; ≈ S ↵wc ‘to save’ Ps30.1; ≈ S
ẓ-r [ty] ‘saved’ Ps29.0.
pwr (√pr ) ‘distinction’ ~ ywx✏q ‘separation, distinction’ E28/1r10.
pw p al (i) ‘to be left, stay, remain’ ~ prxs- ‘to be left, stay, remain’ E26/25v14; E27/48r7,
69r26, 87v9; E41.4*; ~ ✏nc✏y ‘to stay, reside’ Lk24.29 E5/72v; (ii) ‘to cease, desist (from)’ ~
✏nc✏y ‘id.’ E27/31r27; ~ ✏wrms ‘to become still, become calm, be quiet’ E27/12v28(?).
pw q (√p q) ‘explanation’ ~ w[ycyr✏mnty] ‘id.’ E27/56v16(?).
pwtq (→pwtqy✏) ‘inn’ ~ 2tym ‘id.’ Lk10.34 E5/91r.
pwtqy (→pwtq✏) ‘inn-keeper’ ~ t m-p✏ ‘id.’ Lk10.35 E5/91r.
p⌥ ‘snare’ ~ ✏sp ‘id.’ E27/108r4; ~ ✏mpwzn ‘wile, snare’ E26/29v9*(?).
p⌥m ‘comparison, analogy’ ~ ✏dysn ‘example’ E27/31r14.
p✏yr ‘untanned, raw’ ~ x✏m ‘raw’ E23.348.
p✏ryrk ‘patriarch’: see Sogd. s.v. ptryrk✏.
pyg ‘foot-soldier’ ~ pdbr y ‘id.’ E27/13r27.
pyls ‘dish, paten’: see Sogd. s.v.
pynk ‘dish, paten’ ~ pyls✏ ‘id.’ E27/57r19.
pys ap el (i) ‘to request, implore’ ~ pcqwy- ‘to entreat, pray’ E24c2.13; ~ pcqw✏n pcqwy- ‘to
request a request’ E26/28r16*(?), 29r5; ~ n ✏d✏ br- ‘to make entreaty’ E27/60v13f*; E28/
10r20*; ~ n ✏d✏ br- + pcwqy- E27/12r14; ~ nm✏ny (...) wn-/qt- ‘to repent’ E26/24v24; ~ frm✏y
‘to order, command’ E26/24v31; (ii) ‘to persuade’ ~ fny ‘to deceive, lead astray, entice’
E23.187.
— ap el pass. pt. (mps) (i) ‘informed, knowing, expert’ ~ brtpd ‘id.’ E24c1.44, 55, 67, 89; (ii)
‘(to be) convinced’ ~ m✏r ‘to think’ E28/9v8*(?).
— ettap al ‘to consent, agree, obey’ ~ nm- ‘to consent’ E27/60v20; E28/10r27; ~ ptsynt ‘to
agree, consent, be pleased’ E27/13r23*; ~ 2n w ‘to hear, listen, heed, obey, consent’ E27.
— See also mt pysn✏, pys✏.
pys (√pys) (i) ‘petition’ ~ n ✏d✏ ‘request, entreaty, prayer’ E26/24v1*; (ii) ‘conviction’ ≈
[py](rn)yq- wny ‘credible, likely’ E28/8r6; (iii) ‘obedience’:
— d-l✏ pys✏ ‘disobedient’ ~ pwywq ‘untaught, unruly’ Tit3.3 E6/5r.
pyrm ‘censer’: see Sogd. s.v.
pk ‘cheek’ ~ znwq ‘id.’ Mt5.39 E5/28v*.
pkyh ‘insipid’: tt✏ pkyht✏ ‘sycamore’, lit. ‘insipid fig tree’ ~ ✏ncyr wn- ‘fig tree’ E36/3v10f*.
pkr ‘bond’ ~ 2bnt ‘bond, fetter’ E26/24r36.
pl t ‘parable’ ~ przbr ‘id.’ Jn16.25 E5/79r, Jn16.25, 29 E5/79v.
plg p al ‘to divide, part in two’ ~ ywx✏y ‘to separate, divide’ E36/1v1.
— p al pass. pt. (plyg) ‘divided’ ~ dw✏ yxw✏q ‘two parts’ E29/4r12.
— etp el ‘to be divided, halved’ ≈ dw✏-p ynty ‘divided into two parts, bisected’.
— See also pwlg✏, plg✏, plgwt✏.
plg (√plg) ‘half, part’ ~ p ynty ‘part, piece’ E27/66v11*.
plgwt (√plg) ‘dissension, difference of opinion’ ~ dw✏ywx✏-qy✏ ‘id.’ Jn9.16 E5/100r*.

pl⌥ p al (i) ‘to work, perform, commit’ ~ 2wn- ‘to do, make, commit, perform’ E27/40v22;
E28/1v8, 2av13; (ii) ‘to serve, worship, celebrate (a divine office)’ ~ sp - ‘id.’ Lk1.74 E5/6v,
Lk16.13 E5/48v (x2); E28/10v30; ~ sp✏s d✏r ‘to perform service’ E28/27v20*.
— p al: gyrwt✏ + pl p al ‘to commit adultery’ ~ tsy✏q wn- ‘id.’ E28/1v8.
— p al act. pt. (pl , 1pl ✏) (i) ‘doer’ in phrase pl ✏ d-zdyqwt✏ ‘doer of righteousness’ ~ yr✏qty✏-
qry ‘id.’ E26/28r15; (ii) ‘servant, soldier’ ~ mrtxmy ‘man’ E29/8v8.
— See also pwl n✏, 2pl ✏.
2
pl⌥ (√pl ) ‘labourer, farm worker’ ~ b✏ d✏ry ‘gardener’ E5.
pl✏yn ‘palace’ ~ yqn ‘id.’ E23.175, 304; E24c3.9.
— pl yn d-mlkwt✏ ‘palace of the kingdom’ ~ x wny yqn ‘king’s palace’ E24c3.9.
plyg ‘divided’ = plg p al pass. pt.
pln ‘so-and-so’ ~ t✏nm✏n ‘id.’ E27/57r1.
pny p al ‘to return’ (itr.) ~ zwrt ‘to turn, turn away, return’ Lk12.36 E5/130r; E27/25r23(?).
— pa el ‘to respond’ ~ p✏c ny wn-/qt- ‘to make answer’ E27/13v16*; ~ ptb nt ‘to reply’ E27/
23r29(?).
— pa el + ptgm✏ ‘to return answer’ ~ pcbn br- ‘to give answer’ E24c1.42, 61; ~ pcbnt br- ‘to
bear answer’ E23.163f.
— ap el ‘to (cause to) turn, turn away, return’ ~ zwyrt ‘id.’ Mt5.39 E5/28v* (rest.!); E27/68r15,
102r19; ~ ✏y nty + qwn- ‘to make worthy’(!) E24c2.19.
— See also pwny✏.
pnqyt ‘writing-tablet’ ~ 2pyd✏r ‘id.’ Lk1.63 E5/6r.
psq p al (i) ‘to cut, divide, cut off, amputate’ ~ pwx✏y ‘to cut off, amputate’ Mt5.30 E5/28r*;
E27/27v22*, 23*; E28; ~ S yxw✏y ‘to sever, separate, divide’ Ps29.7*; (ii) ‘to decree’ ~ w✏x
*pwx✏y/pwxst- ‘to make a statement, to decree’ Jn9.22 E5/100v (calque; see Sogd. s.v.
pwx✏y).
— p al pass. pt. f. pl. in phrase b-psÿqt✏ ‘in brief’ ~ ✏brtw ‘briefly’ E28/12r8.
— See also psq✏.
psq (√psq) ‘amputation’ ≈ pwx✏y ‘to cut off, amputate’ E27/27v7.
p r ‘cave, chasm’: p⌘r̈yḣ d-✏r⌘✏ ‘chasms in the earth’ ~ z✏y-qntyt ‘id.’ E26/24r20.
p ⌥ ‘Passover’: see Sogd. s.v. pc⇣✏.
p y pa el ‘to save, deliver, liberate, redeem’ ~ wx ‘id.’ Ps34.7, 8; E27/7r18* (rest.!); ~ zrync
‘id.’ Ps6.5*; E27/66r1.
p y⌥ (→p⌧y wt✏) ‘clear, bright, radiant’ ~ *◆ ✏ry ‘id.’ E27/68r27.
p y⌥wt (→p⌧y ✏) ‘cheerfulness’ ~ xwsnty✏ ‘joy’ E27/12v30.
pqd p al ‘to order, command’ ~ frm✏y ‘id.’ Ps 33.9; E23; E24c1.62; E26/27r24, 31v2; E27; E28/
65v8.
— etp el ‘to be commanded’ ~ frm✏tw *b-/qt- ‘id.’ E27/60v1.
— See also pwqdn✏, pqwdt✏.
pqwdt (√pqd) ‘mistress (of a household)’ ~ frm✏ync ‘id.’ E27/13r30.
pq⌥, pq ✏ ‘advantageous, expedient’ ~ wrq✏ry ‘profitable, advantageous’ E27/40r19, 48r5; E28/

2av12*.
pq t ‘plain’ ~ r✏ ‘id.’ Lk6.17 E5/91v; ~ pst✏ mrx✏ z✏y ‘low-lying flat land’ E26/24r18.
pqr etp el or etpa al ‘to be mad’ ~ ◆r swq- ‘to be raving’ E27/66v15*.
— See also pqr✏.
pqr (√pqr) ‘rabid, mad’ ~ ✏✏ry ‘mad, wild’ E26/5v27.
prdys ‘garden; Paradise’ ~ bwstn ‘id.’ E27; ~ w tm✏x ‘heaven, heavenly kingdom, Paradise’
E23.75.
prhsy ‘openness, confidence’ ~ ✏w q✏r-cmqy✏ ‘id.’ E24/8r1*.
prwgy ‘Phrygian’ ~ *prwg✏yq ‘id.’ E27/56v7.
prwq (√prq) ‘Saviour’ ~ wx ny ‘id.’ Lk2.11 E3r*; E18r9; E26/31r10; E27/66v4; ~ bwcny ‘id.’
E27/27v2.
— prwqn ‘Our Saviour’ ~ xwtw y w ‘the Lord Jesus’ E27/57r20.
prw (√pr ) ‘discerning’ ~ ywxnq-ptz✏ny ‘id.’ E27/6r16* (rest.!).
przwm ‘loincloth’ ≈ n wdn ‘clothing’ E36/2v1*.
przl ‘iron’ ~ spn- ‘id.’ E28/14r4.
pr⌥ p al ‘to fly’ ~ frwz- ‘id.’ E26/32v8; E27/39r4.
— See also pr t✏.
pr⌥t (√pr ) ‘flying creature, bird’ ~ fr✏wz✏n̈✏ ‘flying; bird’ E26/29v4(?).
prys, prys✏ ‘extended; cloak’ = prs p al pass. pt.
pry ‘separate’ = pr p al pass. pt.
pry (√pr ) ‘Pharisee’ ~ pry ✏yq ‘id.’ E5.
prns quad. ‘to appoint, arrange’ ≈ qty✏wy ‘creation’ E27/87r11*.
— See also mprnsnwt✏.
prs p al pass. pt. (prys, prys✏) (i) ‘extended, diffused’ ~ wydb ty ‘extended’ E28/1r10; (ii)
‘spread’ ~ f( ) t[y] ‘id.’ E28/10r4(?); (iii) as noun ‘cloak’ ~ n wnty ‘id.’ E26/27v10.
prs ‘allowance, portion’ ~ pd✏rty✏ ‘id.’ Lk12.42 E5/130v.
prsy ‘Persian’ ~ p✏rsyq ‘id.’ E27/120v11.
pr p al ‘to repay, requite’ ~ ✏wz✏m ‘id.’ E27/57v24(?); ~ tw ‘to pay, repay’ Mt16.27 E5/127r;
E27/61r19, 68r13, 102v17*.
— etp el ‘to be repaid (a debt) (by), to avenge (a wrong) (on)’ ~ ✏wzms ‘id.’ E27/57v24(?).
pr wp ‘face, image, person’ ~ ryt ‘face’ Mt17.2 E5/127v; E23.165; E27/68r27; ~ ptq✏r✏ ‘id.’
E28/10r23; ~ ptq✏ry ‘face, image’ (of God) Lk1.76 E5/6v; ~ ryw ‘self, person’ E24c2.10.
prq p al ‘to save, deliver, liberate, redeem’ ~ wx ‘id.’ Lk1.71 E5/6r; Col1.13 E32/2v*; Hymn 6;
E27/23r28, 60r32, 104r17; ~ zrync ‘id.’ Lk24.21 E5/72r; E27/94v15; ~ S ↵wc ‘id.’ Ps6.5*.
— etp el ‘to be saved’ ~ zrxs- ‘id.’ E27/61v21; ~ zrxty + b- ‘id.’ ibid.; ~ zr ty b- ‘id.’ Lk1.74
E5/6v.
— See also pwrqn✏, prwq✏.
prql✏ ‘Paraclete’ ~ xwm✏r-w✏by ‘consoler, comforter’ E27/54v14f* (rest.!).
pr p al ‘to separate, distinguish; separate (oneself)’ ~ ywx✏y ‘id.’ E27/48r28, 87r5; E28/3r12*.
— p al pass. pt. (pry ) ‘separate, different’ ~ ywxsty ‘id.’ Gal4.1 E6/3v*; E27/61v25.
— pa el ‘to separate’ (tr.) ~ ywx✏y ‘id.’ Mt25.32 E5/125v (x2).
— See also pwr ✏, prw ✏, pry ✏.
prtwy ‘Parthian’ ~ pr w✏yq ‘id.’ E27/56v10.
p ⌥ etp el ‘to be torn off’ ~ zry ty b- ‘to be torn’ Rom11.19 E6/6r*, Rom11.22 E6/6v*.
p ✏ p al ‘to extend (the hands to heaven)’ ~ sxw✏y ‘to raise, lift up’ E26/30v25.
— p al pass. pt. (p y ) ‘simple’ (= ἁπλοῦς) ~ psw t ‘pure’ Mt6.22 E1/2r.
— etp el or etpa al ‘to be extended’ ~ f rty b- ‘id.’ E27/57v8.
p yq yt (√p q) ‘easily’ ~ xwy✏r ‘id.’ E27/31v13.
p q pa el ‘to explain’ ~ wycyr ‘id.’ Lk24.32 E5/73r* (rest.!).
— See also mp qn✏, pw q✏, p yq✏yt.
p r ‘explanation’ ~ xw(ycq)[✏wy] ‘id.’ E29/3r21.
ptgm (i) ‘answer’ ~ p✏c ny ‘id.’ Jn1.22 E5/19r; E28/9v19; ~ pcbn ‘id.’ E24c1.30, 3.4; (ii)
‘speech, word; verse, biblical text’ ~ w✏x ‘id.’ E27/31v19, 66r16; ~ S pt ✏m ‘message’
Ps33.4; ~ wbty✏ ‘praise’ E27/23v25.
— pny pa el + ptgm✏ ‘to return answer’ ~ pcbn br- ‘to give answer’ E24c1.42, 61; ~ pcbnt br-
‘to bear answer’ E23.163f.
— pwny ptgm✏ ‘returning answer’ (noun) ~ p✏c ny qrwn✏mnty ‘making answer’ (noun) E27/
94r28; ~ p✏c ny ‘answer’ E27/94r29.
ptwr ‘table’ ~ p✏n ‘id.’ Lk19.23 E5/125v; Ps23.5; ~ fstry ‘(spread) table, meal’ E23.123; E26/
31v6.
pt⌥ p al ‘to open, open up, open (the door)’ ~ w qyr ‘to open (the eyes)’ E27/60r14; ~ xwcq wn-
‘to make open’ E27/22r9; ~ pyn + dbr- ‘to open the door’ Lk12.36 E5/130r; E26/28v8*; E27/
60r8.
— p al pass. pt. (pty ) ‘open’: qbr̈✏ ptÿ ✏ ‘open graves’ ~ S (sk)s(y ) [↵r]- ‘door of a tomb’
Ps5.10.
— pa el ‘to open (the eyes of a blind man)’ ~ xwycq wn-/qt- ‘to make open’ E5; E24c1.26,
c2.20.
— etp el ‘to be opened’ ~ xwycq (...) b-/qt- ‘to become open’ Lk1.64 E5/6r; E27/23v3; ≈ xwcq
wn- ‘to make open’ E27/91r8.
— etpa al ‘to be opened’ ~ xwycq b-/qt- ‘to become open’ Lk24.31 E5/72v, Jn9.10 E5/100r*.
ptkr ‘idol’ ~ ptqry ‘image, idol’ (of a heathen deity) E23.244*, 280, 284; E26/27v7*, 28r10;
E28/10v30.
— byt ptkr̈✏ ‘house of idols’ ~ ptqryst✏ny ‘idol-house’ E28/10v20*.
⌧✏d: see ⌧yd.
wt ‘dirt, impurity’ ~ r m ‘id.’ E27/61r25.
— ⌧✏wt✏ w-tmswt✏ ‘filth and corruption’ ~ sym ‘filth’ E26/27r10.
⌧✏r, ⌧yr✏ ‘illustrator’ = ⌧wr p al act. pt.
bwt (√⌧by) (i) ‘will’ in phrase mn ⌧bwt np y ‘of my own accord’ ~ cn mn✏ r w r ‘id.’
Jn5.30 E5/41r; (ii) ‘thing, matter, business, affair’ ~ ✏yc ‘thing’ E27; E28/12v19; ~ ✏rq ‘work,
action, deed, business’ E27/55v19, 57r3; ~ w✏x ‘word, thing’ E24c1.92.
by p al ‘to want, wish, desire, be willing’ ~ 1q✏m ‘to want, wish, desire’ NT+; ~ nm- ‘to con-
sent’ E27/60v15; ≈ 2ry ‘to be desirable, be desired’ E26; E27/31v9, 60r20.
— p al + b- ‘to delight in, be pleased with’ ~ 1q✏m + pr ‘id.’ E27/57v29; ~ pcq✏m + pr ‘id.’ E28/
8v25.
— p al + ⌧byn✏ ‘to desire a desire’ ≈ 2ry ‘to be desirable, be desired’ E26/24r12.
— etp el ‘to be pleased (with)’ ~ pcq✏m ‘id.’ Mt17.5 E5/127v.
— etp el + l✏ ‘not to be pleased (with)’ ~ [n✏-q]✏m ‘not desiring’ E27/27r10.
— See also ⌧bwt✏, ⌧byn✏.
byn (√⌧by) ‘will, wish, desire’ ~ 1ry ‘id.’ E5+; Ps19.15; Hymn 9; ≈ 2ry ‘to be desirable, be
desired’ E26/24v17, 31r20.
— d-⌧bynh d-✏lh✏ ‘of the will of God’ ~ bg✏nyq-✏ry -mync adj. ‘pertaining to the will of God’
Col1.9 E32/2r*.
— ⌧by p al + ⌧byn✏ ‘to desire a desire’ ≈ 2ry ‘to be desirable, be desired’ E26/24r12.
b pa el ‘to make wet’ ~ sn✏y ‘to wash, cleanse’ E36/1v12.
— etp el ‘to be moistened, drenched’ ~ mwrsty b- ‘id.’ E27/14v20.
bt pa el pass. pt. (m⌧bt) ‘adorned’ ~ pysty ‘id.’ E27/94r6.
— See also ⌧bt✏, t⌧byt✏.
bt (√⌧bt) ‘ornament, finery’ ~ py✏t✏ ‘id.’ E28/10v24*.
dy etp el ‘to mock’ ≈ pr sxnt ty *b-/qt- ‘to be subjected to mockery’ E23.299f.
hy p al ‘to be thirsty’ ~ cn✏wq *x-/m✏t ‘id.’ Mt25.35 E5/126r*.
— p al pass. pt. (⌧h✏, 1⌧hy✏) ‘thirsty’ ~ c nwq ‘id.’ Mt25.37 E5/126r*; E27/102v27.
— See also 2⌧hy✏.
2
hy (√⌧hy) ‘thirst’ ~ c n✏ ‘id.’ E27/69r25, 102v21.
wm p al ‘to fast’ ~ zy✏p sqw- ‘to be fasting’ E29/5v11(?); ~ p✏ p✏y ‘to observe the fast’ E27/
55r18, 20, 21; ~ 1q✏m ‘to want, wish, desire’(!) E27/61v21.
— See also ⌧wm✏.
wm (√⌧wm) ‘fast, fasting’ ~ p✏ ‘id.’ E27.
— ⌧wm✏ rb✏ ‘Great Fast’, i.e. ‘Lent’ ~ stm p✏ ‘id.’ E42B5*.
wr p al ‘to draw, describe’ ~ qrw ‘id.’ E27/57r25.
— p al act. pt. (⌧✏r, ⌧yr✏) ‘artist, illustrator’ ~ qrw n y ‘id.’ E27/57r24.
wr ‘neck, throat’ ~ qm✏ ‘id.’ E28/10r12.
wt p al ‘to heed, obey’ ~ 2n w ‘to hear, listen, heed, obey’ E24c1.30.
⌥y pa el ‘to abuse, insult, revile’ ~ nmy✏q wn-/qt- ‘id.’ E24c1.25; E27/66v14*, 104v4*, 5*; ~
pty y✏ *wn-/qt- ‘to dishonour’ Jn9.28 E5/101r.
⌥n ‘filthy’ ~ pw✏b wny ‘unlovely, filthy’ E27/66r17*.
yd, ⌧✏d ‘to, towards, with, near, at’ ~ 2qw ... s✏(r) ‘to, towards’ E26/25r28; E27/57v16, 94v29; ~
pr ‘upon, to’ E27/12r5; pyrnms✏r ‘before, in the presence of’ E28/9v23.
— ⌧✏dyḣ ‘at it’ ~ qyw s✏ ‘to it’ E27/31r17.

yd ‘snare’ ~ wbnty ‘id.’ E27/12r4.
⌧yr✏ ‘illustrator’ = ⌧wr p al act. pt.
lb etp el ‘to be crucified’ ~ pr pt nq swxsty b- ‘to be raised on the cross’ E27/56v5*.
— See also ⌧lwb✏, ⌧lyb✏.
lwb (√⌧lb) ‘crucifier’ ~ sxw✏yny ‘id.’, lit. ‘raiser up’ E26/31r16.
lwt (√⌧ly) ‘request, entreaty, prayer’ ~ n ✏d✏ ‘id.’ Ps20.1*; E23.140; E27/27r3; ~ pcqw✏n ‘id.’
E27/57v1, 12; ~ nm✏c ‘prayer’ Lk6.12 E5/91v; E23.73, 109; E26; E27; E28; ~ nm✏c-brqy✏ ‘id.’
E26/30r12. See also Sogd. s.v. clw ✏.
ly pa el ‘to pray’ ~ n ✏d✏ br- ‘to make entreaty’ Col1.9 E32/2r; E24c2.15; E26/30v14, 31v28; ~
pcqw✏n/pcwq✏n wn- ‘to make a request’ E27/39v9; E28/5v13f*(?); ~ nm✏c br- ‘to pay homage’
Lk6.12 E5/91v; E26/25r19f*; E27/54v25, 60r19, 77r12; E28/8v6*.
— See also ⌧lwt✏.
lyb (√⌧lb) ‘cross’: see Sogd. s.v. clyb✏.
— qys✏ d-⌧lyb✏ ‘wood of the cross’ ~ pt ng-d✏rwq ‘id.’ E24c1.15.
ll pa el ‘to strain, purify’ + mrq p al ‘to polish, cleanse’ ~ zprt wn- ‘to make clean, make pure’
E27/31v28.
lm (→⌧lmnwt✏) (i) ‘image’ (of God) ~ ptq✏ry ‘id.’ E27/40r20, 65v24; (ii) ‘image, idol’ (of a
heathen deity) ~ ptq✏ry ‘id.’ E28/1r23*; ~ ptqry ‘id.’ E23.247; E29/4r4.
lmnwt (→⌧lm✏) ‘image’ ~ ptq✏ry ‘image’ (of God) E27/40r16.
n t ‘contrivance’: pwr̈s✏ w-⌧n̈⌘t✏ ‘stratagems and contrivances’ ~ qmpt ‘stratagems’ E27/31r25.
r pa el ‘to abuse, dishonour’ ~ pty y✏ wn-/qt- ‘to dishonour’ E24c1.26; E27/68v17.
— See also ⌧⌘r✏.
r (√⌧⌘r) ‘shame, dishonour, disgrace, contempt, abuse’ ~ my✏q ‘id.’ E26/24v32; ~ pty y✏ ‘id.’
E23.90*; E28/7v13.
1
pr ‘small bird, sparrow’ ~ s cy ‘id.’ Mt10.29, 31 E5/76r.
2
pr ‘morning, dawn’ ~ b✏m ‘dawn’ E27/17r2, 22r10; ~ fr✏q-c ny ‘morning’ Lk10.35 E5/91r;
E26/25v5, 30r20.
rwp ‘astringent’: ✏ ⌧rwp✏ d-krywt✏ ‘astringent pain of distress’ ~ ✏ntwxc ‘sorrow, distress’
E27/31v1.
ry etpa al ‘to be torn asunder’ ~ ptry ‘to be torn’ E20v5; ~ qf- ‘to split’ (itr.) + ptry E26/
31r26.
q bwt ‘(Noah’s) ark’ ~ tpn✏ ‘chest, ark’ E36/1r10.
qbwr (√qbr) ‘burial’: byt qbwr✏ ‘burial place’ ~ frwrtqty ‘tomb’ Lk24.22, 24 E5/72r.
qbl pa el ‘to receive, accept’ ~ 1pc ✏z ‘id.’ NT; Ps5.13*, 24.5*; E18v2*; E26/26v1*, 28v35;
E27; E28/9r15*, 16f*; ~ pcx - ‘to take, hold, receive’ E24c2.22; ~ ny✏s ‘to take’ E26/30r30; ~
byr ‘to find, discover, receive’ E27/12r27; E28/9v27*.
— pa el + mwt✏ ‘to receive death’ ~ mrc *pc ✏z/pc t- ‘id.’ E27/1r5.
— etpa al pt. (mtqbl) ‘accepted, acceptable’ ~ pc nyq ‘acceptable’ E27/61v26.
— See also lwqbl, mqblnwt✏, swqbl✏, qwbl✏.
qb p al pass. pt. (qby⌘) ‘fixed, set up’ ~ wy qy ty ‘id.’ E27/31r22.

qbr p al ‘to bury’ ≈ ✏ ybty b- ‘to be buried’ E27/94v5.
— etp el ‘to be buried’ ~ ✏ ybty b-/qt- (and other spellings) ‘id.’ Rom6.4 E32/1r*; Creed 8; E27/
68v8; ≈ ✏ yp ‘to bury’ E26/25v6.
— See also qbwr✏, qbr✏.
qbr (√qbr) ‘grave, tomb’ ~ sqsy ‘id.’ Ps5.10*; E26/32v17*; E27/94v5; ~ frwrtqty ‘tomb’ Jn5.28
E5/41r; E26/32v16* (rest.!); E27/57r17, 20; ~ frwrt ‘corpse’(!) E24c1.87.
— qbr̈✏ ptÿ ✏ ‘open graves’ ~ S (sk)s(y ) [↵r]- ‘door of a tomb’ Ps5.10.
— tr⌘✏ d-qbr✏ ‘door of a tomb’ ~ sqsy dbr- ‘id.’ E26/32v17.
qdym (√qdm) ‘former’ in phrase mn qdym ‘formerly, previously, beforehand’ ~ cn ftm✏ ‘id.’
Lk1.2 E4; Jn9.13 E5/100r; Tit3.3 E6/5r*; ~ cn ✏✏ ✏zy ‘from the beginning’ E26/27v15; ≈
pyrnmcyq ‘previous, former’ E27/55v16; ≈ cn ... pyrnmstr ‘before’ E23.198f.
qdy (√qd ) ‘Qaddi , Holy!’: ~ zprt E33A10 (x2). See also Sogd. s.v.
qdy (√qd ) ‘pure, holy’ ~ zprt ‘id.’ Lk1.1 title E4; Mt25.31 E5/125v, Lk1.70 E5/6r, Lk1.72
E5/6v; Ps24.3; E18r4; E24c1.96, c2.6; E26; E27; E28/5v17, 19*, 7r24*; ~ ✏w wx ‘id.’ E27/
66r18(?); ~ fwx✏r ‘blessed’ E28/9v3; ~ zprt ✏dy ‘holy one, saint’ E27; E28; ~ yrqty
‘righteous, saint’ Col1.12 E32/2v; E23; E24c2.8, 16; E26/31r9; E27/22r7*, 16*, 25v21; E28/
17v26; ~ zprt yrng✏ry ‘holy saint’ E26/27r15.
— tb✏ qdÿš✏ ‘holy scriptures’ ~ pwsty ‘book, scripture’ E27/54v30*.
— rw ✏ qdy ✏ ‘the Holy Spirit’ ~ zprt w✏t ‘id.’ E26/27v3*; E27/57r9.
qdy wt (√qd ) ‘holiness’ ~ zprty✏ ‘purity, holiness’ E27/54r25, 57v6; ~ zprtcyqy✏ ‘id.’ 1Tim2.15
E6/18v*; ~ zprtcyqy✏ or ~ ✏w wxy✏ ‘id.’ 1Cor5.8 E6/7r (see Sogd. s.v. ✏w wx).
1
qdm p al ‘to precede’ (+ l-) ~ pyrnm b-/qt- ‘to be before’ (+ cn) Mt21.31 E5/38r; E28/7r11.
— p al pass. pt. (qdym): see separate entry.
— pa el ‘to do (something) beforehand’ ≈ cn ftm✏ ‘beforehand’ E27/57r31.
— pa el + hwy p al ‘to be beforehand’ ~ pyrnm *b-/qt- ‘id.’ Lk24.22 E5/72r.
— See also mtqdmnwt✏, qdym, 2qdm, qdm✏, qdmy✏.
2
qdm (√qdm) ‘before (in time or place), in the presence of’ ~ pyrnms✏r ‘id.’ E5+; Ps5.6*, 9*,
33.8*; ~ pyrnm ‘id.’ E23.134 (mistake for pyrnms✏r?); ~ cn ... pyrnms✏r ‘id.’ E23A14f; Creed
3; ~ pnms✏ cn ‘id.’ E27/77r17; ~ pyrnm cn ‘id.’ Jn1.30 E5/19v*; ~ [cn] ... pynmstr ‘id.’ E27/
11r28; ~ ryty ‘in the presence of, in front of’ E27/22r17; E28/9v8; E30/5r16; ~ 2qw ... s✏(r) ‘to,
towards’ E27/27r4f, 77r9; E28/9v31; ~ pr ‘at’ E23.124.
— mn qdm (i) ‘from the presence of, from’ ~ cn ‘from’ E24c2.4, 6; (ii) ‘before (in time or
place), in the presence of’ ~ cn ... pyrnms✏r ‘id.’ E27/61r17; E28/14v27; ~ cn ... pyrnmstr
‘before (in time)’ E27/11r28*; ~ pyrnmstr ‘first, before, previously’ E24c1.92; ≈ pyrnmstr
‘former’ E26/25v24*.
— (±mn) qdm d- ‘before’ (conj.) ~ pyrnms✏ mnt ‘id.’ E27/94r19*; E28/12r17; ~ pyrnmstr m✏t
‘id.’ E29/8r7.

— qdmwhy ‘into his presence’ ~ qyw s✏ ‘to him’ E27/68v21.
qdm (√qdm) ‘the first’ ~ wysp- ‘all’(!) E27/68r18.
qdmy (√qdm) ‘previous, former, first’ ~ pyrnmcyq ‘id.’ E5; E26/23v9* (rest.!); E27/31v30; ~
ftmcyq ‘first’ E26/23v10*; E27.
qd pa el ‘to sanctify’ ~ zprt qwn- ‘to make holy’ E26/27v1*.
̈
— See also mqd n✏, mqd t✏, qdy , qdy ✏, qdy wt✏, 1qwd ✏, 2qwd ✏, qwd ✏ lqdy ✏.
qwbl (√qbl) ‘reception’: see qwbl ybwt✏ ‘thanksgiving’ s.v. ybwt✏.
1
qwd (√qd ) ‘holiness’ ~ zprty✏ ‘id.’ E26/24r2.
— d-qwd ✏ ‘of holiness’ ~ S ✏ẓ-prt ‘holy’ Ps5.8.
— kẗby qwd ✏ ‘holy books’, lit. ‘books of holiness’ ~ zprtt pwst t ‘holy books’ E27/94r29f.
— rw ✏ d-qwd ✏ ‘the Spirit of Holiness’ ~ zprt w✏t ‘the Holy Spirit’ Lk1.67 E5/6r, Jn1.33 E5/19v,
91v6*; E28/2av7*.
2
qwd (√qd ) ‘consecration’: see Sogd. s.v.
̈
qwd lqdy (√qd ) ‘What is holy to those who are holy’: see Sogd. s.v.
qwhlt ‘Ecclesiastes’: see Sogd. s.v. qwhl .
qw✏n ‘common people, laity’ ~ ✏ncmn ‘community, congregation’ E28/14v12.
qw✏ ‘disinclination, apathy, sloth’ ~ ptzm✏ny✏ ‘id.’ E27/31r9.
— qw ⌘ r⌘yn✏ ‘id.’ ~ ptzm✏ny✏ ‘id.’ E27/120r8, 11*, v3.
qwy pa el ‘to abide, remain, stay’ ~ swq- ‘id.’ Lk24.29 E5/72v; Rom11.23 E6/6v*; Rom6.1
E32/1r; E27/31r25; ~ xs swq- ‘to stay firm’ Rom11.22 E6/6v, 1Tim2.15 E6/18v; ~ [wy t✏]
*wn-/qt- ‘to delay, wait, tarry, stay’ Lk1.56 E5/5v*; ~ pcpr- ‘to settle, alight, rest’ Jn1.32 E5/
19v.
qwlt ‘jar’ ~ wdy ‘id.’ E27/94v21.
qwm p al (i) ‘to stand, stay, remain, be, be present’ ~ 1✏w t ‘to stand’ E5+; Ps 24.3*; ~ p✏dy ✏w t
‘to stand (on one’s feet)’ E23.240; E26/27r25*; ~ p✏dy x- or p✏dy swq- ‘to stand’ E23.245;
E26/24v18; ~ swq- ‘to be, remain, stay’ Ps5.6*; E27/69r20; ~ x- ‘to be’ Ps19.10*; E27/31r28;
~ wq ✏w t ‘to stand still, be silent’ E27/12r8; ~ nyd ‘to sit, sit down, dwell’ etc. E23.167; (ii)
‘to stand up, rise, arise, get up’ ~ 1✏xz ‘id.’ NT+; Creed 8; ~ b d- ‘to mount’ E27/77r5.
— p al + ⌘l r̈gl✏ ‘to stand on (one’s) feet’ ~ p✏dy sqw- ‘id.’ E27/55r24.
— pa el pass. pt. (mqym): l✏ mqym✏ ‘inconstant’ ~ n✏-pt ty✏n ‘id.’ E27/40r11.
— ap el (i) ‘to (cause to) stand’ ~ p✏dy ✏wsty ‘to put on the feet’ E27/22r17; ~ p✏d wn- ‘id.’
Mt25.33 E5/125v; ~ pryc ‘to leave’ E27/60v30; (ii) ‘to raise, raise up, set up, appoint’ ~ ✏xy
‘id.’ Lk1.69 E5/6r, Lk12.42 E5/130v; E23.82*(?), 84; E27/69v16;10 in particular, ‘to raise (the
dead)’ ~ ✏ ✏w ‘to vivify’ E28/2ar14.
— etpa al ‘to be established’ ~ xwyzy b- ‘to become strong’ E28/12v22.
— See also qwm✏, qym✏, 1qymt✏, 2qymt✏.
10
Sogd. p✏t(x)[ ✏wn wn-] in Lk12.44 E5/130v probably does not translate qwm ap el ‘to set up, appoint’ as in the
Peshitta but l ap el ‘to put in authority’ as in the Vetus Syra (Sinaiticus): see Sogd. s.v. p✏tx ✏wn.
qwm (√qwm) (i) ‘rising, getting up’ (noun) ~ 2✏xz ‘id.’ E28/12r7; ~ ✏xz✏mnty E28/3r12; (ii)
‘standing’ (noun) ~ p✏dy ✏w ty✏mnt ‘id.’ E27/61v19; (iii) ‘staying’ (noun) ~ 2swq✏m ‘id.’ E27/
25v1.
— d-l✏ qwm✏ ‘without standing still’ ~ n✏-pt ty✏n ‘inconstant’ E27/40r12.
qwmky ‘sacristan’ ~ b k✏ny ‘id.’(?) E26/15v10.
qwrbn (√qrb) (i) ‘offering’ ~ nm✏cq✏n ‘offering, present’ E27/27r4, 11; ~ ✏xwnc ‘struggle, strife,
conflict, war, battle’(!) (perhaps based on a corruption *qrb✏ ‘battle’); (ii) ‘Eucharist’: see
Sogd. s.v.
qwr̈y✏: see qryt✏.
qwryy (→qryt✏) ‘rustic, boorish’: hdÿw ✏ ... w-qwr̈yy b-yd⌘t✏ ‘(those) who are ignorant and boor-
ish in respect of knowledge’ ~ mntptz✏n yt ‘the ignorant’ E27/31r17.
qw t ‘rectitude’ ~ r ty✏q ‘id.’ Col1.6 E32/2r; Ps51.8* (rest.!).
— b-qw t✏ ‘in (accordance with) right’ ~ S r t- ‘right, upright, true’ Ps19.10*.
q✏wl (√q l) ‘murderous’ ~ ptxwng-qry ‘id.’ E24c1.34; E26/30v31.
— q wl✏ d-bnÿn ✏ ‘killer of men, murderer’ ~ [mrtx]m(y)-p(t)[xwyny] ‘id.’ E27/3r15.
q✏yn ‘narrow, fine’ ~ ✏m ‘id.’ E28/8r21, v15, 22.
q✏yr (√q r) ‘force, compulsion’ ~ ✏m ‘might’ E27/60v19.
q✏l p al ‘to kill, put to death’ ~ ptxw✏y ‘id.’ Mt19.18 E2/2v*; Mt10.28 E5/76r*, Mt21.38, 39 E5/
38v; E24c2.18; E27/69r19; E29/1r3; E36/2v14.
— p al act. pt. in phrase q l ✏n ✏ ‘killer of men, murderer’ ~ mrtxmy-ptxw✏yny ‘id.’ E28/20r11.
— pa el ‘to kill, slaughter’ ~ ptxw✏y ‘to kill, put to death’ Lk13.4 E5/34r, Lk19.27 E5/125v*.
— etp el ‘to be killed’ ~ ptxwsty b- ‘id.’ E27.
— See also q wl✏, q l✏.
q✏l (√q l) ‘killing, putting to death, murder’ ~ ptxwng ‘id.’ E24c2.9; E27.
q✏m ‘ashes’ ~ ✏ y ‘id.’ E27/69r27, 77v18*, 91r9; E28/7r19.
q✏r p al + ✏bl✏ ‘to put on mourning’ ~ m✏r✏wt ✏w t ‘to stand mourning’ E26/31r23f.
— See also q yr✏.
q✏rg quad.refl. ‘to be accused’ ≈ ✏ r✏m ‘to slander, accuse’ E28/9v31.
qym (√qwm) ‘covenant’: br qym✏ ‘son of the covenant’ ~ wrnqyn ‘believer’ E27/68v22.
1
qymt (√qwm) ‘rising, getting up; resurrection’ ~ ✏xz✏mnty ‘id.’ Jn5.29 E5/41r (x2); E27; E28/
14r14. See also Sogd. s.v. qym ✏ ‘Resurrection, Easter’.
2
qymt (√qwm) ‘pillar, monument’ ~ pw✏dy ‘monument, altar, house (of God)’ E27/104v2.
qys ‘wood’ ~ d✏rwq ‘id.’ E24c1.49, 53.
— qys✏ d-zqyp✏ ‘wood of the cross’ ~ pt ng-d✏rwq ‘id.’ E24c1.79f.
— qys✏ d-⌧lyb✏ ‘id.’ ~ pt ng-d✏rwq ‘id.’ E24c1.15.
qytr ‘lute, harp’ ~ wyn✏ ‘id.’ Ps33.2; E27/60v21.
ql ‘voice’ ~ wxr ‘id.’ E5+; Ps29.3; ~ pcqw✏n ‘request, entreaty, prayer’ E26/24r37.
— ✏mr p al + b-ql✏ rm✏ ‘to say in a loud voice’ ~ p yr ‘to shout, cry out’ E27/22v18* (rest.!).
qlyl (→qlyl✏yt) ‘little, few’ ~ qbnq ‘a little (thing)’ Lk16.10 E5/48v (x2), Lk19.17 E5/125r; ~
qbnq ‘few’ E27/87v6*; ~ qbnq ‘somewhat, a little, for a little while’ Jn16.19 E5/78v, Jn16.19
E5/79r; E24c2.15; E27/60r3; ~ qbnw ‘id.’ E27/48r27*; ≈ c my-nmzy✏ ‘blinking of an eye’

E27/13v29.
— qlyl qlyl (i) ‘little by little’ ~ qbnw qbnw E27/31v11f; (ii) ‘very small’ ~ p ynt p ynty ‘into
(several) pieces’ E26/27v11.
— btr qlyl ‘after a little (while)’ ~ qbnw yrtr ‘a little later’ E28/7r14.
qlyl yt (→qlyl) ‘quickly, shortly, soon’ ~ rt ‘quickly’ E23.244; E28/14v4; ~ pr w p✏n mnw
‘in a little while’ E27/13v30.
qlyt ‘cell’: see Sogd. s.v. qly ✏.
qlpt ‘rind, skin’, pl. ⇤lp✏ ~ * wb✏ ‘husk, skin’ E23.152.
qm⌥ ‘flour’ ~ 1✏rt ‘id.’ E27/94v21.
qndyl ‘candle’: see Sogd. s.v.
qnwm ‘person, self, being, existence’ ~ sty✏wy ‘being, existence’ Jn5.26 E5/41r*; ~ ryw ‘per-
son, self’ E28/5r14.
qnwn ‘canon, rule’ ~ nwm ‘law, rule’ E28/2ar5. See Sogd. s.v., also for the technical use of
qnwn✏ as a liturgical term for the end of a prayer when the voice is raised.
qn✏ etpa al ‘to fear, be afraid’ ~ 2pcqwyr ‘id.’ E27/12r13*.
— See also qn ✏, qny ✏.
qn✏ (√qn ) ‘fear, suspicion’ ~ *dbn- ‘id.’ E27/48r15*.
qny p al ‘to gain, acquire’ ~ fy ‘id.’ Mt16.26 E5/127r; E26/25v11; E27/31v3, 61r25; ≈ b- ‘to
become’ E27/31r18.
— p al pass. pt. (qn✏, qny✏): qn̈yy md⌘✏ w- kmt✏ ‘(those) who have acquired understanding and
knowledge’ ~ rb✏qt ✏t ptbst t ‘the wise and sensible’ E27/31r17.
— ap el ‘to cause to acquire, confer’ ~ fy ‘to acquire’ E28/14v16.
— etp el ‘to be acquired’ ~ (tf)[x ty ](b)[- ‘id.’ E28/5r19.
— See also qnyn✏.
qny✏ (√qn ) ‘afraid’: qny ✏ + hwy p al ‘to be afraid’ ~ 2pcqwyr ‘to fear’ E27/56r25.
qnyn (√qny) ‘possessions, wealth’ ~ r✏m✏ ‘id.’ Lk12.44 E5/130v; E23.192; E26/25v12, 14;
E28/4r26.
q y p al ‘to call out, cry out, shout’ ~ pc yr ‘id.’ E23.215, 248, 283*; E28/10v22*; ~ pt yr ‘id.’
E26/23v25, 29*; E28/7r25*; ~ p yr ‘id.’ E27; ~ ✏wxn ‘to call out, wail’ E28/8r15; ~ p✏c ny
wn-/qt- ‘to make answer’ E27/68r23.
qp⌥ pa el ‘to cuff, beat’ ~ wy qyrd ‘to strike, beat’ E27/48r17.
qps p al ‘to be gathered, be composed’ ~ ✏brty b- ‘to be composed’ E27/31v21.
q y p al ‘to break’ (tr.) ~ ✏wx✏y ‘id.’ Lk24.30 E5/72v, Lk24.35 E5/73r*; E26/31v8.
— etp el ‘to be broken’ ~ ✏wxsty b- ‘id.’ 1Cor11.24 E6/7v* (rest.!); E26/31v10f.
q p al ‘to reckon (a sin against someone), regard (someone’s sins)’ ~ tqw ‘to look, regard,
observe’ E24c2.17.
qrb p al ‘to approach, be near’ ~ pnt b✏w ‘to draw near’ Lk24.28 E5/72v; ~ pnt/pntq ✏ys/✏ t ‘to
come near’ E27/17v2, 27v16; ~ pnt x- ‘to be near’ E28/9r29; ~ pn b-/qt- ‘id.’ E24c3.15, 21f;
~ pnt ... w- ‘to come (lit. go) near’ E27/17v3; ~ pnt xyr/xrt ‘id.’ E26/25v6, 27v10; ~ xyr ‘to
go’ E28/10v26.
— pa el (i) ‘to cause to approach, bring’ ~ pnt br- ‘to bring near, offer’ Mt10.18 E5/75r; E28/
2ar1; ~ pnt ... qwn- ‘id.’ E23.144; ~ pnt ✏ny ‘id.’ E23.145, 288; ~ pnt qr- ‘id.’ E27/48r5,
77r9; E28/12r27; (ii) ‘to offer’ ~ ptwyd ‘to deliver up, offer’ E23.213; E26/25r19*(?).
— pa el + b⌘wt✏ ‘to offer supplication’ ~ n ✏d✏ br- ‘to make entreaty’ E26/32r8.
— pa el + pys✏ ‘to offer a petition’ ~ n ✏d✏ ... pcqwy- ‘to entreat a request’ E26/24v1*.
— ap el ‘to fight’ ~ cx- ‘to do battle, fight, contend, argue’ E27/39v2, 40v17, 18.
— etpa al ‘to be brought near, approach, reach, touch’ ~ S ↵✏w ‘id.’ Ps32.6*; ~ pnt b✏w ‘to draw
near’ E27/87r4; ~ pnt w- ‘to come (lit. go) near’ E27/31v2, 32; ~ pnt b-/qt- ‘to be near’ E26/
27r4, 28r1.
— See also mtqrbnwt✏, qwrbn✏, qrb✏, qrbtn✏, qryb.
qrb (√qrb) ‘war’ ~ 1✏xs ‘id.’ E24c1.85; E27/31; E28/12r4; ~ ✏xwnc ‘id.’ E27/57r23 (if the trans-
lation is due to a reading *qrb✏ in place of qwrbn✏ ‘offering’).
— d-yd⌘t✏ d-qr̈b✏ ✏yt lhwn ‘who have knowledge of wars’ ~ ◆xs- rb yt E27/31r12.
qrbtn (√qrb) ‘warrior’ ~ S ✏✏x✏skry ‘id.’ Ps24.8*.
qrd⌥ ‘smith’ ~ spnyqry ‘id.’ E27/22r9, 13*.
qry p al (i) ‘to call, name, invoke, summon’ ~ 1 yr ‘id.’ E5+; ~ xwn- ‘to call, cry’ E27/7r18*
(rest.!); (ii) ‘to read’ ~ 1ptfs- ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v; E24c1.36, 38; E27/104v14*; E28/14v10.
— etp el (i) ‘to be called, be named, be invoked, be summoned’ ~ yrty b-/qt- or yrty *x-/m✏t
‘id.’ Lk1.76 E5/6v, Lk6.15 E5/91v, Jn2.2 E5/21r; E26/27v2*; E27/56v29*; ~ 2n✏m ‘to be
named’ E27/1r18*(?); (ii) ‘to be read’ ~ ptfs✏ty b- ‘id.’ E27/55r29*; ≈ 1ptfs- ‘to read’ E27/
55r29*.
— etp el + m✏ ‘to be named’ ≈ 1 yr ‘to call, name’ E29/4v6.
— See also qryn✏.
qryb, qryb✏ (√qrb) (i) ‘near, nearby’ ~ pntq ‘id.’ E28/14v3; ~ md y pntq ‘near here’ E27/22v5;
phrases qryb ... d-nm ✏ ‘(to be) near to arriving’ ~ pnt *prys/pr✏ t ‘to come near’ E26/32v16*;
qryb ... l-mmt ‘near to die’ ~ pnt-mrc ‘close to death, about to die’ E27/60v27; (ii) as noun
‘neighbour, friend’ ~ pnt ✏d ‘id.’, lit. ‘near person’ Lk10.36 E5/91r; ~ br✏t ‘brother’ E28/1r7.
qrywn ‘candle’ ~ dmtyr ‘torch, candle’ E27/60r30.
qryy ‘contentious’ ~ strzq ‘id.’ E27/68v32(?).
qryn (√qry) (i) ‘(act of) reading’ ~ ptfs✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/54v30; E28/3r20, v6f*; ~ qry✏|ny 2ptfs-
‘reading of a text’ E28/12r19f; (ii) ‘scripture-reading, lesson, lection’ ~ qryn✏ ‘id.’ E27/31v17;
E28/14v6, 11*.
qryt (→qwryy✏) ‘village, town, district; field’, pl. qwr̈y✏ ~ dyx✏w ‘village, town; field’ Mt13.24
E5/109v*, Lk10.38 E5/91r*, Lk24.28 E5/72v; E27; ~ qn ‘town, city’ E27/1v10, 11r23*;
E28/10r21, 25; ~ ✏wt✏q ‘place, region, land’ E27/56r12*.
qrn ‘horn’ ~ 2sr- ‘id.’ Lk1.69 E5/6r; E26/6A2; ~ tp ‘jar, pitcher’ E27/94v21.
qr̈ : ✏kl etp el + qr̈⌧✏ ‘to be accused’ ≈ ✏ r✏m ‘to slander, accuse’ E27/68v13. Cf. also ✏klqr⌧✏.
q y p al pass. pt. (q ✏, q y✏) ‘harsh, cruel, hard, difficult, sore, grievous’ ~ w ‘id.’ E24c1.75;
E27; ~ w m✏n ‘hard-hearted, severe’ Lk19.21, 22 E5/125r; ~ w tr- ‘harsher’ E27/94v11; ~
qwr ‘harsh, painful, grievous’ E27/69r24; ~ qwr -m✏ny ‘harsh, cruel, malicious’ E28/
8r1(?), 12.
— etpa al ‘to mass’ ~ twdy *b-/qt- ‘to become a mass’ E27/22v13(?).
— See also q y✏yt.
q y yt (√q y) ‘sorely’: hkn✏ b q y✏yt ‘so very sorely’ ~ w✏- w t ‘so sorely’ E27/104r3.
q y (i) ‘elder’ ~ xw tr ‘id.’ Lk24.20 E5/72r*; E27/87v1, 18; (ii) ‘presbyter, priest’ ~ msydr
‘id.’ E27/64v26*, 68v22*.
q t (→q twt✏) ‘bow, rainbow’ ~ ◆dpnty ‘rainbow’ E26/5v13.
q twt (→q t✏) ‘archery’ ~ p✏ -brx qy✏ ‘id.’ E27/31r18f.
qtwlyq ‘Catholicos’: see Sogd. s.v. q wlyq✏.
r✏d: see rd.
r✏z✏ ‘mystery’, r✏zny✏ ‘mysterious’: see ✏rz✏, ✏rzny✏.
rb (√rbb) (i) ‘great’ ~ mzyx ‘id.’ E24c1.19; E26/27v6, 31v33; E27; E28/5v24; ~ t✏wnty ‘mighty’
E28/23r16; ≈ przr ‘excessive, very much, very great’ E23.208, 225; ≈ yr ‘very, very much’
E28/9r6*; (ii) ‘master, teacher’ ~ xw ty ‘id.’ Mt10.24, 25 E5/75v.
— m. pl. rwr̈bn✏ ‘prince, noble, captain, chief man, lord’ ~ xw tr ‘elder, superior, chief’ E27/
77v7, 12*; ~ sr ng ‘leader, chief man’ E27/13r18; ~ xwt✏w ‘lord’ E26/5v15; ~ *pz✏ty ‘noble’
E28/27r26*.
— f. pl. rwr̈bn, rwr̈bt✏ ‘great, greater’ ~ mzyx ‘great’ E24c1.92; E27/77v14; ~ mzy✏tr ‘greater’
E27/31v24.
— rb byt ✏syr̈✏ ‘prison governor’ ~ [xw]( )tr bntypy ‘chief jailer’ E27/22r11.
— rb kḧn✏ ‘chief priest’ ~ xw tr dynd✏r ‘id.’ Mt20.18 E5/34v, Lk24.20 E5/72r; E36/3r5*.
— rbn ‘Our master’ (as a title of John of Dail⇠m and ⇢em⌘on d-⌅aibuteh): see Sogd. s.v.
— rbyt✏ (= rb byt✏) ‘steward’: see separate entry 2rbyt✏.
— ⌧wm✏ rb✏ ‘Great Fast’, i.e. ‘Lent’ ~ stm p✏ ‘id.’ E42B5*.
rbb ‘to be great’: see rb✏, rbw, rbwt✏, 2rbyt✏, rbn, rbt, rwrb✏yt.
rbw (√rbb) ‘ten thousand, myriad’, pl. r̈bwt✏ ‘ten thousand, myriad’ ~ brywr ‘id.’ E27/12v20*.
rbwt (√rbb) ‘greatness’ ~ mzyxy✏ ‘id.’ Col1.11 E32/2v; E26/23v18, 27r32; ~ mzyxs✏qy✏ ‘great-
ness, importance’ E27/6v15, 69v15f, 86r4*; ≈ mzyx ‘great’ E27/61v19; ~ w✏mc ‘course,
conduct, way of life’(!) E28/5v30*.
rby p al ‘to grow, grow up’ ~ 3 w - ‘id.’ Lk1.80 E5/6v.
— pa el ‘to rear’ ~ by✏m ‘id.’ E27/87v15.
— etpa al ‘to grow up, become strong’ ~ xw ✏t *b-/qt- ‘to become grown up, become full-
grown’ E27/54r27, 87v16.
— See also mrbyn✏, 1rbyt✏, trbyt✏.
rby y ‘fourth’ ~ ctf✏rmyq ‘id.’ E27/27v6*.
1
rbyt (√rby) ‘interest’ ~ wr- ‘profit’ Lk19.23 E5/125v.
2
rbyt (= rb byt✏) (√rbb) ‘steward’ ~ spnc rspn ‘id.’ E5; Gal4.2 E6/3v.
rbn (√rbb) ‘Our master’ (as a title of John of Dail⇠m and ⇢em⌘on d-⌅aibuteh): see Sogd. s.v.
rbt (√rbb): rbt bytwt✏ ‘stewardship’ ~ spnc rspny✏ ‘id.’ Lk16.3, 4 E5/48r.
rgg p al ‘to desire, covet’ ~ rw ‘to desire, yearn for’ E27/94v12; E29/1r6.
— p al pass. pt. (rgyg) ‘desirable, more desirable’ ~ S p̣rtr ‘better’ Ps19.11.
— See also rgygt✏, rgrg, rgt✏.
rgz p al ‘to be angry’ ~ yp✏q qr- ‘id.’ E26/5v15; ≈ yp✏q ‘anger’ E28/5r14*.
— See also rwgz✏.
rgygt (√rgg) ‘desire, lust’ ~ rw ty✏ ‘desire’ E27/40r13; E28/2av1, 12v5, 6.
rgy ‘understanding’ = rg p al pass. pt.
rgl ‘foot’ ~ 1p✏d/p✏dy ‘foot, leg’ NT+.
— ⌘l rglẅhy ‘at his feet’ ~ p✏dy c✏dr ‘at the feet of’ E26/27v35; ~ p✏dy c✏s✏r ‘id.’ E26/31v25.
— qwm p al + ⌘l r̈gl✏ ‘to stand on (one’s) feet’ ~ p✏dy sqw- ‘id.’ E27/55r24.
rgm p al ‘to stone’ ~ sngs✏r wn-/qt- ‘id.’ Mt21.35 E5/38v* (rest.!); E28/23r3.
rgrg quad.refl. (√rgg) ‘to yearn’ ~ rw ‘to desire, yearn for’ E24c1.78; E26/30r14[m].
rg p al pass. pt. (rgy ) (i) ‘understanding, aware’ ~ brtpd ‘informed, knowing, expert’ E26/27r3;
(ii) ‘to perceive’ ~ ptbyd- ‘id.’ E26/27v13.
— ap el ‘to feel, perceive’ ~ ptbyd- ‘id.’ E27/31v21, 39v5, 61r24; E28/1v8, 2ar11*.
— See also mtrg n✏, rg ✏.
rg (√rg ) ‘sense, sense-organ’ ~ ptbyd✏mnty ‘sense’ E28/12r18; ~ ✏dmy ‘limb, organ’ E27/31r7,
v21.
rgt (√rgg) (i) ‘desire’ ~ rw ty✏ ‘id.’ E27/60r22, 69v26; E28/1v8, 12r23; (ii) ‘(object of) desire,
delight’ ~ y✏tr ‘more excellent’ E27/12v11*.
rd, r✏d ‘Rad’ (Persian title) ~ rt ‘id.’ E27/22r11, 14, 24r12*, 26r3.
rdwp (√rdp) ‘persecutor’ ~ s✏n ‘enemy’ E27/27r21.
rdwpy (√rdp) ‘persecution’ ~ p q✏r ‘id.’ E27/68v13.
rdy p al (i) ‘to travel, proceed’ ~ w- ‘to go, move’ Lk2.15 E3r; Lk10.38 E5/91r; E27; E28/12r6;
~ xyr ‘to go, travel’ E26/30r21* (rest.!); (ii) ‘to flow, stream’ ~ 2rw ‘id.’ E27/14v21; (iii) ‘to
instruct, chastise’ ~ S nxrys ‘to rebuke, reprove’ Ps6.2.
— p al pass. pt. (rd✏, rdy✏) ‘trained, cultured’ E28/12r20.
— See also mrdwt✏, mrdyt✏.
rdp p al ‘to follow, pursue, persecute, drive out, chase out, hunt down’ ~ p qyr- ‘to drive out,
persecute, hunt down’ Mt10.23 E5/75v*, Jn15.20 E5/73v*; E27/48r22* (rest.!), 102r27; ~ S
krcy [↵-] ‘to pursue, follow’ Ps23.6; ≈ f qrty b- ‘to be chased out’ E26/28r14.
— See also rdwp✏, rdwpy✏.
rhb p al pass. pt. (rhyb) ‘worried’ ~ wy rbny ‘id.’ Lk10.41 E5/91v.
— ap el ‘to make haste’ ~ 1q✏m ‘to want, desire’ E27/68v2*.
— etp el ‘to be agitated, be worried’ ~ wy rb ‘to tremble, be worried’ Lk24.37 E5/83r*.
— sap el ‘to make haste’: see srhb.
— See also rhybwt✏.
rhbwn ‘pledge’ ~ pt nq ‘id.’ E27/57v10.
rhwmy (→rhwmy✏) ‘Rome’ ~ frwm ‘id.’ E25/1r13; E26/30r16.

rhwmy (→rhwmy) ‘Roman’ (referring to persons) ~ frwmyq ‘id.’ E27/86r3, 87r17*; ~
frwmcyq ‘id.’ E24c1.57.
rh✏ p al ‘to run, hurry, speed’ ~ swd ‘id.’ Ps34.15, 50.18*; E23.233, 278; E24c2.4; E27; ~ rt
swdn *xyr/xrt ‘to go quickly hurrying’ E26/24v29; ~ t ‘to flee’ E28/65v4(?); ~ zwz- ‘to fly
up’ E27/31r21.
— ap el ‘to cause to hurry, drive on’ ~ swdq qr- ‘to lead in a hurry’ E27/68r19.
— See also rh ✏.
rh✏ (√rh ) (i) ‘course’ ~ w✏my ‘id.’ E26/32v4; (ii) ‘(act of) running, racing’ ~ swd✏mnty ‘id.’
E27/31r23.
— rh ✏ d-r̈k ✏ ‘horse-racing’ ~ sp y-swd✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/31r21.
rhyb ‘worried’ = rhb p al pass. pt.
rhybwt (√rhb) ‘trepidation’ ~ ✏f n✏qc ‘id.’ E27/1v9.
rwb p al ‘to clamour’ ~ 2sxwrd ‘id.’ E27/66v5.
rwgz (√rgz) ‘anger’ ~ yp✏q ‘id.’ Ps6.2; E26/30v21; E27/61v16*, 66r3; E28/13a15.
rwdn ‘rumbling, noise (of an earthquake)’(?) ~ nwb ‘id.’ E26/6B2, 6B5.11
rwz p al ‘to exult’ ~ wry b- ‘to be exultant’ E28/7v15, 14r12.
rwzbn ‘executioner’ ~ rwcp✏n ‘id.’ E27/27.
1
rw ap el ‘to smell’: see ry .
rw⌥ (→rw n✏, rw ny✏) ‘spirit, ghost’, abs. 2rw , pl. r̈w t✏ ‘spirit, ghost’ ~ 1w✏t ‘id.’ Lk24.37, 39
E5/83r; E26/32v3, 7; ~ rw✏n ‘soul’ E26/32v1* (rest.!); (ii) ‘the Spirit’ ~ zprt w✏t ‘the Holy
Spirit’ Lk1.80 E5/6v, Jn1.32, 33 E5/19v; 1Cor12.13 E6/20r (x2); Creed 11 (x2); E27/54v15,
21, 61r23.
— d-rw , d-rw ✏ ‘of the spirit’ ~ w✏tmyc ‘spiritual’ E27/61v17; ~ w✏tmyny ‘id.’ E27/61r24, 27;
E28/12v9, 14r19; ~ w✏tyn̈✏ ‘id.’ E26/27r12; ~ ✏rw✏[n-mync] ‘of the soul, spiritual’ Col1.9 E32/
2r; ~ b ✏nyq ‘divine, of God’ E27/61v24.
— mgrt rw ‘long-suffering, patience’ ~ y rtp✏znqy✏ ‘id.’ Col1.11 E32/2v.
— ngyrwt rw ✏ ‘long-suffering, patience’ ~ y rtp✏znqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/104r16*.
— ngr ap el + rw ✏ ‘to be patient’ ~ y rtp✏zny✏ qwn- ‘id.’, lit. ‘to perform long-suffering’ E26/
24v15.
— rw ✏ d-qwd ✏ ‘the Spirit of Holiness’ ~ zprt w✏t ‘the Holy Spirit’ Lk1.67 E5/6r, Jn1.33 E5/19v,
91v6*; E28/2av7*.
— rw ✏ qdy ✏ ‘the Holy Spirit’ ~ zprt w✏t ‘id.’ E26/27v3*; E27/57r9.
rw⌥n and rw⌥ny (→rw ✏) ‘spiritual’ ~ w✏tmyny ‘id.’ E27; E28/5v18*, 14v9; ~ w✏tmyc ‘id.’
E27/31r24; ~ w✏tny E26/23v24.
— f. pl. r̈w nyt✏ ‘spiritual (things)’ ~ w✏tmn t ✏ t ‘spiritual things’ E27/57r25.
rw⌥q (√r q) ‘distance’ ~ dwr wy✏q ‘a distant place’ E27/68v9.
— mn rw q✏ ‘from a distance’ ~ cn dw(r)[y] ‘from afar’ E26/31v15.
11
See BT XXXII, 55. Perhaps a dissimilated variant of nwdn✏ ‘earthquake’ (√nwd)?
rw t✏: see ✏rw t✏.

rwy p al ‘to become intoxicated’ ~ msty b- ‘id.’ E28/12v11.
— ap el ‘to intoxicate’ ~ msty wn- ‘to make intoxicated’ Ps23.5; E28/12v15.
rwm pa el pass. pt. (mrym, mrym✏) ‘the Exalted One’ ~ sm✏ncyq b - ‘heavenly God’ E18r9.
— ap el (i) ‘to lift up, raise’ ~ sxw✏y ‘id.’ Ps24.9; E24c2.15f; E26/26v19; E28/9v23; ~ 2zry ‘id.’
E27/94r2*; ~ swx✏y + 2zry E27/12v12; (ii) ‘to raise (the voice)’ ~ b[rzy ...] ‘loud ...’ E14/
2R1(?).
— ettap al (i) ‘to be lifted up, be raised; to rise up, be exalted, be proud’ ~ S *2sxwy- ‘to be lifted
up, be raised’ Ps24.7*, 9; ~ ptrz- ‘to rise up, be exalted, be proud’ E27/48r17, 94r28; E28/
5v30, 7r21; (ii) ‘to be taken away’ ~ swxsty *b-/qt- ‘id.’ E28/1r21*.
— See also mrwm✏, rwm✏, rwmrm✏, rm✏, rmwt✏.
rwm (√rwm) ‘height, the heights’ ~ (s)[q✏wy] ‘height’ E28/8v3; ~ sm✏n ‘heaven’ Lk1.78 E5/6v;
Hymn 6; E26/31r15; E27.
rwmrm (√rwm) ‘exaltation, glory’ ~ r✏ty✏ ‘id.’ E27/91v7.
rwq ‘spittle’ ~ z ⇧q ‘id.’ E24c1.25*.
r̈wq⌘✏ ‘rags’: see rqw⌘t✏.
rwrb yt (√rbb) ‘greatly’: sgy rwrb✏yt ‘very greatly’ ≈ mzyx ‘great’ E27/12v8.
rwr̈bn✏, rwr̈bn, rwr̈bt✏ ‘great’: see rb✏.
rw (→r y⌘✏) ‘wickedness’ ~ [b nq✏]rqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/11v21.
r⌥yq (√r q) ‘far, distant’ ~ dwr ‘id.’ Lk24.28 E5/72v; E26/31v18; E27/23r30; E28/2av17*; ~
dw(r)[tr] ‘further’ E27/94v11; ~ pr✏cy ‘afar, far’ E28/27v15*(?).
r⌥m p al ‘to love’ ~ fry- d✏r ‘to hold dear’ Lk16.13, 14 E5/48v, Jn15.19 E5/73v; Ps11.7; E27/
68v27*; ~ fry- ny✏t ‘id.’ Jn16.27 E5/79v (x2); ~ fry- *pcx -/pc t- ‘id.’ E27/68r5; ~ S pry✏wy
✏r ‘to have love’ Ps5.12; ~ fry- qwn- ‘to love’ E29/1r7; ~ frystr d✏r ‘to hold most dear’ Jn21.7
E5/80v*; E30/1r4f*.
— p al act. pt. (r m, r m✏) ‘loving, friend’ ~ fry- ‘dear’ E26/24r33; E27/64v22*; ~ yrxwzy
‘well-wisher, friend’ Lk16.9 E5/48r.
— r m bnÿn ✏ ‘loving men’ ~ fry-mrtxmy ‘id.’ E26/24v36.
— pa el ‘to have mercy, take pity’ ~ z✏ry (...) sy- ‘id.’ Ps6.3; E27/60v5.
— etp el ‘to be shown mercy’ ~ z✏ry-sy✏ty b- ‘id.’ E28/1r24*.
— etpa al ‘to take pity’ ~ z✏ry (...) sy- ‘id.’ Lk10.37 E5/91r; E23.61(?).
— See also mr mn✏, mr mnwt✏, r̈ m✏, r mt✏.
r̈⌥m (√r m) ‘mercy’ ~ z✏rcnwqy✏ ‘id.’ Tit3.5 E6/5r*; Ps51.1-2*, 3*; E23.132f; E27/68r12,
91v5*, 104v11*; E28/3v19, 24, 7v1*; ~ z✏r sy✏mnt ‘id.’ Lk1.78 E5/6v; ~ S ↵ry✏wy ‘love’
Ps23.6; ≈ z✏rcnwqry ‘merciful’ E21v4.
r⌥mt (√r m) ‘love’ ~ fry✏wy ‘id.’ E27/57v2, 61v24; E28/1v11.
— r mt ksp✏ ‘love of money’ ~ fry- r✏mqy✏ ‘id.’ E27.
r⌥q pa el ‘to put far away’ ~ fstxwmp ‘to ward off, repel’ E27/23v6*.
— ap el ‘to go far (from), abandon’ ~ dwr swq- ‘to be far’ E23.178, 179.
— etpa al ‘to become far, be far’ ~ dwr b-/qt- ‘id.’ E24c3.17; E27/104r11; ~ dwr swq- ‘to be
far’ E28/4v23.
— See also rw q✏, r yq✏.
r⌥ ‘vermin’ ~ *dt- ‘(wild) animal, creature’ E25/1r14*.
ry⌥ (rw ) ap el act. pt. (mry ) + hwy p al ‘to be (capable of) smelling’ ~ pcbw ✏[t wn-] ‘to be
able to smell’ 1Cor12.17 E6/20v.
— See also ry ✏.
ry⌥ (√ry ) ‘smell, odour, scent’ ~ bwd ‘id.’ E27/83v3.
ry , r ✏ (→br yt) ‘head; top, chief’ ~ 1sr- ‘id.’ Mt10.30 E5/76r, Mt21.42 E5/38v; Ps23.5, 24.9;
E24c3.17, 23; E27; E28/7r18; ~ xw tr ‘elder, superior, chief’ E27; ~ sry✏qyc ‘chief, leader,
chief man’ E27/68v25, 111v6*.
— d-r ✏ ‘of the head’ ~ srcyq ‘belonging to the head’ E27/91r6; E36/1v14.
E6/5r.
— ry ⌘dt✏ ‘ecclesiarch’ (title of a church official): see Sogd. s.v. *ry dt✏.
— ry ⌘wmr✏ ‘abbot’: see Sogd. s.v. ry wmr✏.
— r ✏bḧt✏ ‘patriarch’ ~ xw tr ptr- ‘id.’ E27/48r20.
— r -dyr✏ ‘abbot’ ~ xw tr swqb✏r ‘chief monk’ E26/31v23f.
— f. r t dyr✏ ‘abbess’ ~ xw tr swqbr✏nc ‘chief nun’ E26/28v14, 36.
— ql etp el + r(y) ✏ ‘to be beheaded’ ~ ptxwsty b- ‘to be killed’ E23A29; E24c2.13.
ry yt✏, r yt✏ ‘beginning’: see br yt.
rkb ap el ‘to cause to ride, to mount (a person on an animal)’ ~ pc ynt ‘id.’ Lk10.34 E5/91r.
— See also rkb✏, rkwb✏.
rkb (√rkb) ‘rider’ ~ b✏ry ‘id.’ E27/60v28.
rkwb (√rkb) ‘riding-animal’ ~ *b✏rycyq ‘id.’ E27/77r5.
rkn p al ‘to draw towards evening’, lit. ‘to bend downwards, decline’ ~ ✏wrst ‘id.’ Lk24.29 E5/
72v.
rk ‘horse’ ~ sp- ‘id.’ E27/60v28, 30.
— rh ✏ d-r̈k ✏ ‘horse-racing’ ~ sp y-swd✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/31r21.
rm , abs. rm (√rwm) (i) ‘high, loud’ ~ sq✏ ‘high’ Mt17.1 E5/127v; E23.209; ~ brzy ‘loud’
E23.216, 283*; ~ brzycq ‘id.’ E27/60v19; (ii) ‘higher’ ~ ptr tr- ‘id.’ E28/14r19; (iii) ‘(to be)
high, exalted’ ~ ptrz- vb. ‘to rise up, lift oneself up, become exalted’ Lk16.15 E5/48v.
— f. pl. r̈mt✏ ‘heights’ ~ sq✏ ✏✏r t ‘high places’ E26/24r17*.
— ✏mr p al + b-ql✏ rm✏ ‘to say in a loud voice’ ~ p yr ‘to shout, cry out’ E27/22v18* (rest.!).
— rm + mn ‘higher than’ ~ sqyp✏r ... cn ‘id.’ E27/61r25.
rmwt (√rwm) ‘pride, arrogance’ ~ sq✏m✏nqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/48r15, 61v16*; ~ wrz ywy✏ ‘id.’ E27/
94r9.
— d-rmwt✏ ‘of pride’ ~ sq✏m✏nqy✏-mync ‘id.’ E26/32v2f*, E26/32v6f*.
rmy p al ‘to lay (the hands on)’ ~ fyr ‘to extend (a hand)’ E27/39r3.
— ap el ‘to throw, throw down, cast out, cast, lay’ ~ p ✏y ‘to throw, cast’ Jn21.6 E5/80v; E27; ~
✏wsty ‘to place, put, lay’ E24c2.5; ≈ ✏wstty b- ‘to be placed’ E27/22r5.
— See also trmyt✏.
rm ‘evening’ ~ by✏ry ‘id.’ E26/30r23; E27/94r21*, 22.
r̈mt✏ ‘heights’: see rm✏.
rny p al ‘to think’ ~ m✏r ‘id.’ E24c1.48; E27/55v26, 77r8, 9*.
— ap el ‘to cause to think’ ~ w✏b ‘to say, speak, tell’ E27/94v19.
— etpa al ‘to consider’ ~ m✏r ‘to think’ E27/12v30.
— See also mrnyt✏, rny✏.
rny (√rny) ‘meditation, thought’ ~ m✏r✏ ‘thought, thinking’ Ps19.15; E27; E28.
1
r y p al ‘to pasture, tend, feed’ ~ pr cr✏q d✏r ‘to keep in pasture, to pasture’ E27/87v14; Hymn 7.
— See also r⌘y✏.
2
r y etpa al ‘to think’ ~ m✏r ‘id.’ E27/17r4*; E28/7v26.
— See also r⌘yn✏, tr⌘yt✏.
3
r y etpa al ‘to be reconciled’ ~ *x n✏wty b- ‘id.’ E27/27r5.
— See also tr⌘wt✏.
r y (√1r⌘y) ‘shepherd’, pl. r̈⌘wt✏ ~ xw p✏ny ‘id.’ Lk2.18, 20 E3v; Mt25.32 E5/125v; Hymn 7; E27/
1r12, 87v14*; E27/83r8.
r yn (√2r⌘y) ‘mind, intellect’ ~ m✏n ‘id.’ Lk24.45 E5/83v; E27; E28; E29/1r9; ~ y✏wr ‘heart’
E27/61r22.
— d-l✏ r⌘yn✏ ‘unthinking’ ~ (pw-m✏)[n] ‘id.’ Tit3.3 E6/5r.
— d-r⌘yn✏ ‘of the mind’ ~ m✏ncyq ‘mental’ E28/8v13.
— syr✏ + r⌘yn✏ ‘having little understanding’ ~ mnt-m✏ny ‘mindless, unthinking’ Lk24.25 E5/
72r*; E27/108r5*.
— sym p al + b-r⌘yn✏ ‘to decide’, lit. ‘to put (it) into (one’s) mind’ ~ m✏ny ✏wsty ‘id.’ E27/
1v25*(?).
— qw ⌘ r⌘yn✏ ‘disinclination, apathy, sloth’ ~ ptzm✏ny✏ ‘id.’ E27/120r8, 11*, v3.
r l p al ‘to tremble’ ~ wlrz ‘id.’ E28/7r18*.
— See also r⌘l✏.
r l (√r⌘l) ‘terror, trembling’ ~ wy p- ‘id.’ E27/23r15.
r m p al ‘to thunder’ ~ S twntr *kwn-/kt- ‘to make thunder’ Ps29.3.
— See also r⌘m✏.
r m (√r⌘m) ‘thunder’ ~ twntr ‘id.’ E26/5v7.
rpy pa el ‘to leave, abandon’ ~ pryc ‘id.’ E27; E28/4r25, 12v26.
— ap el 2 sg. impv. (✏rp✏) ‘let alone, much less’ ~ pr c 2 sg. impv. ‘id.’ E27/27r10; E28/3v9*(?).
— See also rpywt✏.
rpywt ‘weakness’ ~ xw✏ty✏ ‘id.’ E27/31r5.
rqw t , pl. r̈wq⌘✏ ‘rag’ ~ pr y ‘id.’ E26/27v25, 28v34.
rqy , ✏rqy⌘✏ (√rq⌘) ‘firmament’ ~ x ymprt ‘id.’ E27/57r21; ~ S ↵(r)[ty] ‘id.’ Ps19.2.
rq p al ‘to establish’ ~ 2wn- ‘to make’ E26/29v2.
— See also rqy⌘✏.

r ✏: see ry ✏.
r y etp el ‘to be censured’ ~ yxs✏ty b- ‘id.’ E28/1r19.
— See also r yn✏.
r yn (√r y) ‘censure, reproach’ ~ yxs✏[mnty] ‘id.’ E27/56r6.
r y (→rw ⌘✏) ‘wicked’ ~ b ng✏ry ‘evil-doing, wicked’ E27/69r17; ~ S nt✏kry ‘id.’ Ps11.6*,
12.9.
— r y⌘✏ by ✏ ‘wicked (and) evil’ ~ nt✏qry ‘evil-doing, wicked, sinner’ E27/68r28.
r yt✏, ry yt✏ ‘beginning’: see br yt.
r m p al ‘to draw, describe’ ~ qrw ‘id.’ E27/104r9.
r t✏ ‘(female) chief’: see r t dyr✏ ‘abbess’ s.v. ry ✏.
rt⌥ ap el ‘to make fervent, inflame’ ~ ftnty wn- ‘id.’ E28/8v10.
rty ap el ‘to admonish, instruct’ ~ fs✏c ‘to teach, train’ E24c3.19; ~ S ywc ‘to teach’ Ps33.0.
— See also mrtynwt✏.
rtyt (√rtt) ‘terror, trembling’ ~ wy p- ‘id.’ E26/23v25.
rtt p al ‘to tremble, be worried’ ~ wy rb ‘id.’ E28/7r17.
— See also rtyt✏.
d ‘demon, devil’ ~ 1dyw ‘id.’ E27; E28/5r12*, 12v1.
̈
— pl. ✏d✏ ‘devils’ ~ dyw(t) cytyt ‘spirits (and) devils’ E26/25r25, 32v2.
— dm̈wt✏ d-⌫✏d✏ ‘likenesses of demons’ ≈ [dyw-m]✏nwq ‘demon-like’ E23.81.
l p al ‘to ask (for), request, beg’ ~ 2xw ‘id.’ E5; Col1.9 E32/2r; E23.106, 108; E27/94r13,
104v11; E28/5v16.
— pa el ‘to ask (a question), enquire’ ~ ps- ‘to ask (a question)’ E5; E24c1.60; E27/68v18;
E28/3v12, E28/9v21; ~ (✏)wprs ps- ‘to ask a question’ E27/6r12, 60r17; ~ pdyb✏rcy✏ br- ‘to
hold an enquiry’ E27/1v10*.
— etpa al ‘to be questioned, be interrogated’ ~ wp(r)[s ...] ‘... a question’ E27/7r17.
— See also m t✏lnwt✏, ✏lt✏, w✏l✏.
lt (√ ✏l) ‘request’ ~ xw ✏mnt ‘id.’ E27/57v3; ~ y✏n ‘request, favour’ E27/68r15.
1
b✏, by✏, f. 1 byt✏ ‘captive’ = by p al pass. pt.
2
b✏ ‘Sabbath’: see bt✏.
bb , f. bbt✏ ‘neighbour’ ~ dwsy ‘id.’ Lk1.65 E5/6r; E23.106; E27/60r2.
bhr quad.refl. = bhr e⇥tap al ‘to glory, boast’ ~ ✏n ‘id.’ Jn5.35 E5/41v*.
— See also wbhr✏.
bwq (√ bq) ‘forgiver’: bwq✏ d- ḧ✏ ‘forgiver of sins’ ~ w✏ny prm✏nty✏-qryny ‘forgiver of sin’
E18v8.
b⌥ p al pass. pt. ( by ) (i) ‘praiseworthy, glorious’ ~ wbty ‘id.’ E26/23v24*; E27/48r19; E28/
10r22; ~ w✏-[ wbty] ‘so glorious’ E27/48r14; ~ wbtr ‘more glorious’ E27/48r18; E28/14r2*,
7; (ii) ‘glorious, beautiful’ ~ srcyq ‘outstanding, excellent’ E28/27v29*.
— p al pass. pt. + ytyr ‘more beautiful’ ~ q n✏wstr ‘id.’ E28/27r30.
— p al pass. pt. f. pl. bÿ t✏ ‘glories’ ~ wbty✏ ‘glory’ E28/4r18*, 12v8.
— pa el ‘to praise, glorify’ ~ wb ‘id.’ Lk16.8 E5/48r; Rom11.13 E6/5v*; E27/94r14; E30/5r7;
~ wbty✏ + ptwyd/ptwyst- ‘to offer praise’ Ps50.15* (rest.!); E27/77v8*; E28/7v15, 10v13; ~
S w↵ty✏ ↵r- ‘to give praise’ Ps5.12*.
— pa el pt. (m b ) ‘glorious’ ~ wbty ‘id.’ E26/31r8; E27/48r12.
— etpa al ‘to be glorified’ ~ wbty b- ‘id.’ E27/94r26.
— See also t bw t✏.
b✏ (month name) ‘⇢b⇠ ’: see Sogd. s.v. bt.
by p al ‘to take captive’ ~ wnyq wn-/qt- ‘to conquer, take captive’ E36/2v7.
— p al pass. pt. ( b✏, by✏, f. 1 byt✏) ‘captive, prisoner’ ~ wnyqcyq ‘id.’ E27/87r15; E28/12v9.
— See also 2 byt✏.
by ‘glorious’, bÿ t✏ ‘glories’: see b p al pass. pt.
byl ‘way, path, track’ ~ q✏rp ‘id.’ E27/11r21, v25*, 52v10.
by y ‘seventh’ ~ btmyq ‘id.’ E24c1.18.
1
byt✏ = by p al pass. pt. f.
2
byt (√ by) ‘captivity’ (used as a collective ‘captives’) ~ wnyqcyqt ‘captives’ E36/2v7.
b , b⌘✏ ‘seven’ ~ bt✏ ‘id.’ E23.196, A22; E47A7.
— d- b⌘✏ ‘seventh’ ~ btmyq ‘id.’ E27/39v6, 55r17.
̈
b yn ‘seventy’ ~ ✏bt✏t ‘id.’ E23.167.
b m ‘700’: b⌘m✏✏ w- m yn w-t ⌘ ‘759’ ~ [bt✏st-pn]c[✏s-nw]myq ‘759th’ E27/1r8.
b sr, b⌘t⌘sr ‘seventeen’ ~ bt✏s ‘id.’ E47A19*.
— d- b⌘t⌘sr ‘seventeenth’ ~ *bttsmyq ‘id.’ E27/55v17 (MS bbtsmyq!).
bq p al ‘to leave, abandon, forsake; allow; remit, forgive’ ~ pryc ‘to leave, abandon, forsake’
E5+; ~ ✏wxr ‘to abandon, forsake, renounce’ E27/5r30, 83v11*(?), 105v2*(?); ~ w✏c ‘to leave,
abandon; allow; remit, forgive’ E26/28r18; E27/87r17, 102r29*; ~ prm✏nty✏ wn- ‘to forgive’
Jn20.23 E5/76v; E27/68r10.
— p al 2 sg. impv. bwq in phrase bwq ly ‘forgive me!’: see Sogd. s.v. bwqly.
— etp el ‘to be left, be abandoned; to be forgiven’ ~ prxs- ‘to be left’ E27/1v28; ~ ✏wxr✏ty b- ‘to
be left, be abandoned’ E27/111v6*(?); ~ prm✏nty✏ qt b- ‘to be forgiven’ Jn20.23 E5/76v; ~
1
✏mpt ‘to fall’(!) E28/1r21.
— See also m tbqnwt✏, bwq✏, wbqn✏.
bt , abs. b✏, constr. bt ‘Sabbath, Saturday’ ~ mbd ‘id.’ Jn9.14, 16 E5/100r.
— byt bt✏ ‘refectory’, lit. ‘house of the Sabbath’ ~ xwrtqrc ‘kitchen’ E26/28v19.
— d-b- b✏ ‘Sunday’ ~ yw- mbd ‘id.’ E27/54v29.
— bt ywm̈yn ‘week’ ~ bt✏-m ‘id.’ E28/3v9.
g p al pass. pt. ( gy ) ‘agitated’: kmyrwt✏ gy t✏ ‘agitated sorrow’ ~ ✏w c pr p✏tqwny ‘waver-
ing(?) in vigilance’(!) E27/31r10.
— pa el ‘to stir up, disturb’ ~ S pc✏w ‘id.’ Hymn 6*.
dy p al ‘to throw, throw down, throw out, cast, cast out, put out’ ~ p ✏y ‘to throw, throw down,
cast, cast out’ Mt5.30 E5/28r*; E26/27v18, 31v24; E27/22v9, 60v10; E28/7r18f; ~ ny q✏w ‘to
emit, put out’ E23.121.
— p al pass. pt. ( d✏, dy✏) ‘cast, lying’ ~ f( ) t[y] ‘spread’ E28/10r4(?).

— etp el ‘to be cast’ ~ p ✏ty b- ‘id.’ E28/7r24*; ≈ p ✏y ‘to cast’ E27/22v6.
— See also dy✏.
dy (√ dy) ‘(act of) throwing, shooting’ ~ brx ✏mnty ‘shooting’ E27/31r20.
dl p al ‘to entice’ ~ qt✏ wn- ‘to be able to do’(!) E23.185(?).
— pa el ‘to beguile, entice, seduce’ ~ ◆rdyw ‘id.’ E27/102r19; ~ fny ‘to deceive, lead astray,
entice’ E27/69v17; ~ qt✏ wn- ‘to be able to do’(!) E23.185(?).
— etpa al ‘to be enticed’ ~ fny t b- ‘id.’ E27/69v21.
dr pa el ‘to send; to send away, dismiss’ ~ f ✏m ‘id.’ NT+; ~ ny ty- ‘to send word, announce’
E27/69r29; ~ frm✏y ‘to order, command’ E23.174.
— etpa al ‘to be sent’ ~ f mty b-/qt- ‘id.’ Jn1.24 E5/19r; E27; E28/8r11; ≈ fry ty ‘sent’ E27/
7v25.
hy p al pass. pt. ( h✏, hy✏) ‘empty’: h✏ mn kl ‘devoid of everything’ ~ pw-bry ‘fruitless, barren’
E27/31r19.
hr p al ‘to wake, keep vigil’ ~ w r✏s ‘to wake’ (itr.) E27/51r28(?).
— See also hr✏.
hr (√ hr) (i) ‘vigil’ ~ w r✏tqwny ‘wakefulness, vigil’ E27/102r28; (ii) ‘night office’: see Sogd.
s.v.
w l (√ ✏l) ‘interrogation, trial’ ~ pdyb✏rcy✏ ‘enquiry, trial’ E27/68r21; ~ ptyrn ‘cause, reason;
trial’ E28/27r25.
wbhr (√ bhr) ‘pride, boasting’ ~ ✏pyqry✏ ‘id.’ E28/12r23, v28*.
wbqn (√ bq) ‘forgiveness, absolution’ ~ prm✏nty✏ ‘id.’ Lk1.77 E5/6v, Lk24.47 E5/83v*;
Col1.14 E32/2v*; E27/31v29, 57v3.
wg ap el ‘to wash, cleanse’ ~ sn✏y ‘id.’ Jn9.11 (x2), 15 E5/100r; Ps51.4; E27/57r14, 15.
— See also mtt ygnwt✏, ygt✏.
wdy quad.refl. = ydy e⇥tap al (i) ‘to promise’ ~ 2*wyst✏w ‘id.’ E26/27r23; ~ wystw wn- ‘to
make a promise’ E27/87r9; ~ pc ✏z wn-/qt- ‘id.’ E23.292; (ii) ‘to confess’ ~ w✏b ‘to say,
speak, tell’ E27/48r18.
— See also wwdy✏.
wd quad. = yd⌘ ⇥ap el ‘to indicate, signify’ ~ ✏ t✏y ‘to show, display, indicate’ E27/57r5, 28.
— quad.refl. = yd⌘ e⇥tap al ‘to come to know, know, recognize’ ~ brtpd + *b-/qt- ‘to come to
know’ Col1.6 E32/2r; ~ 2ptz✏n ‘to recognize, know’ Lk24.31 E5/72v.
wwdy (√ wdy) ‘promise’ ~ 1wyst✏w ‘id.’ E26/24v12*, 33; E28/12v17.
wzb quad. ‘to save, deliver, redeem’ ~ wx ‘id.’ E27/23v5.
w⌥d quad. = y d ⇥ap el pass. pt. (m w d) as noun ‘a solitary’ ~ ywt✏c ‘id.’ E28/2av16.
w⌥lp (√ lp) ‘change’: d-l✏ w lp ‘without change, unchanging’ ~ pw-pcywp ‘id.’ E27/31r2f.
w⌥r quad.refl. = ✏ r e⇥tap al ‘to delay’ ~ wy t✏ wn- ‘id.’ E27/77r7*.
w⌥r̈ ‘coals, lampblack, soot’ ~ f my- ⌥ ‘id.’ E27/69r27.
w✏ p al ‘to despise, treat with contempt’ ~ pty y✏ wn- ‘to dishonour’ Lk16.13 E5/48v; ~ pty (y)
d✏r ‘to hold in contempt’ E27/68r30*, v26; ~ xwy✏ry✏ [... wn-] ‘to belittle’ E27/69v23.
— p al pass. pt. ( y ) ‘contemptible, mean’ ~ xwy✏r ‘light, insignificant, mean’ E28/4r18.

— ettap al ‘to be despised’ ~ pty y *b-/qt- ‘id.’ E27/40v5.
— ettap al pt. (mtt y ) ‘despised’ ~ my- ‘humble, humbled, contemptible’ E26/28v4.
— See also y wt✏.
wy p al act. pt. ( w✏, wy✏) ‘worthy’ ~ ✏y n ‘id.’ E28/7r9, 14, v6; ~ ✏y nty ‘id.’ Jn1.27 E5/19r.
— pa el ‘to wipe’ ~ prsm ‘id.’ E36/1v7*, 13*.
— ap el (i) ‘to level’ ~ mrx- wn- ‘to make level’ Jn1.23 E5/19r; (ii) ‘to make worthy’ ~ ✏y n +
wn-/qt- ‘id.’ Col1.12E32/1v* (rest.!); Hymn 8; E27/57v6, 68r6; E28/8v11; ~ ✏y nty + wn-/
qwn- ‘id.’ E24c2.23; E28/8r18; ≈ pr✏ny ‘to lead’ E27/126v28.
— etp el ‘to be (found) worthy’ ~ ✏y n + b-/qt- ‘id.’ E27; E28; ~ ✏y nty + b- ‘id.’ E28/2av3,
9v7*.
— See also wy✏yt, wywt✏.
wy yt (√ wy) ‘equally’ ~ yw m wn ‘alike’ E28/14v14.
wywt (√ wy) ‘equality’: wywt✏ d-dwbr̈✏ ‘equality of conduct’ ~ *pw-ywxng-nyznwy ‘identity
of nature’(?) E28/5v20f*.
wkn (√ kn) ‘gift, favour’ ~ y✏n b✏rqy✏ ‘grace, favour, blessing’ E27/31v3.
wl✏n (√ l ) ‘power, dominion’ ~ x ✏wn ‘id.’ Col1.13 E32/2v; E24c3.16; E27.
— ✏ d p al + wl n✏ ‘(to be) holding authority’ ~ p✏tx ✏wn b- ‘to be in authority, to rule’ E26/
25v21.
wlm (√ lm) ‘end, completion’ ~ 1✏y✏m ‘end’ E27/31r10; E28/3v28; ~ spwny✏q ‘completion’
Gal4.4 E6/3v.
— b- wlm✏ d- ‘at the conclusion of’ ~ cn ... p ys✏ ‘after’ E27/55r22f.
wmly (√ mly) ‘accomplishment’ ~ spwny✏q ‘completion’ E27/40r22; ~ qrwn✏mnty ‘making,
performance’ E27/61r27.
wnq (√ nq) ‘torment, torture’ ~ z✏ry✏wy ‘id.’ E28; ~ ptz✏ry ‘id.’ E28/3v17.
w ‘rock’ ~ sng ‘id.’ E26/31r26.
w bd (√ ⌘bd) ‘subjection, servitude, slavery’ ~ bntqwny ‘bondage, servitude, service’ E26/
25r23; ~ frm✏n-pt w qy✏ ‘servitude, subservience, slavery’ E27/108v8*.
w l ‘palm (of the hand)’ ~ n qy ‘id.’ E26/27r35.
wpr (√ pr) ‘beauty’ ~ q n ‘shape, form, likeness; (beautiful) appearance’ E24c2.10; E28/
27v29; ≈ q nwstr ‘more beautiful’ E27/12v11.
wq ‘street, square, market, bazaar’ ~ ✏yzt ‘street, square’ E27/31r19, 60v10; ~ w✏cn ‘market,
bazaar’ E27/68v7.
wr p al ‘to jump, leap up’ ~ ✏z d ‘id.’ E27/60v23.
wr ‘city-wall’ ~ q ✏m ‘id.’ E26/30v30; E28/4v24.
— wr✏ ⌘ yn✏ ‘mighty wall’ ~ q ✏m ‘city-wall’ E27/22v13, 23r4.
wry (√ ry) (i) ‘beginning’ ~ 1✏ ✏z ‘id.’ E27/40r21; E28/3v12[m]; (ii) ‘preface, prefatory verse’:
see Sogd. s.v.
w ✏ quad.refl. = y e⇥tap al ‘to advance, progress’ ~ p t✏y past inf. ‘to be prepared’ E27/31v8.
w nt ‘lily’, pl. w n̈✏ ~ s(w)[sn] ‘id.’ E27/83v2.
w p ‘veil’: see Sogd. s.v.
wtp quad.refl. ‘to be associated, be a partner’ ~ 2✏bynt ‘to attach oneself, be attached, associate
(oneself), cleave’ E27/31v24, 40v10; ≈ ✏wpty✏p ‘sharer, partaker, partner’ E27/40v8*, 69r15.
— quad.refl. + ⌘m ✏ntt✏ ‘to be married with a woman’ ~ wdw pryp ‘to take a wife, marry’ E27/
102v23.
— See also wtp✏, wtpwt✏.
wtp (√ wtp) ‘partaker’ ~ ✏wpty✏p ‘sharer, partaker, partner’ E27/104r1*.
wtpwt (√ wtp) ‘participation, communion; (sexual) intercourse’ ~ ✏wpty✏pqy✏ ‘fellowship’ E28/
5v20; ≈ ✏wpty✏p ‘sharer, partaker, partner’ E27/40v24; ~ ✏wpty✏py✏ ‘(sexual) intercourse’ E27/
87r4.
⌥ym ‘ordinary’ ~ smt✏n ‘id.’ E28/14r10.
⌥lp quad. = lp ⇥ap el ‘to change, alter’ (tr.) ~ 1pcywp ‘id.’ E28/1r16.
— quad. = lp ⇥ap el pass. pt. (m lp) ‘various’ ~ znq-znq✏n ‘manifold, of many kinds’ Tit3.3
E6/5r*; E27/31v2; E28/12v24.
— quad.refl. = lp e⇥tap al ‘to be changed, alter’ (itr.) ~ pcywfs- ‘id.’ Mt17.2 E5/127v; E27/
31v8, 69r26; E28/1v6.
— See also w lp✏.
⌥q p al ‘to vex’ ~ b ✏xwq wn- ‘to make unhappy’ E27/40r11.
— See also q✏.
⌥q (√ q) ‘vexation, adversity’ ~ b ✏xwty✏ ‘distress’ E27/31r9, 10.
1
⌥r pa el ‘to compel’ ~ [... n]y✏s ‘to hold [...]’ Mt5.41 E5/28v.
2
⌥r etp el ‘to remain, be left over’ ~ prxs- ‘id.’ E27/102v22.
✏y p al ‘to act foolishly’ ~ mnt rb✏qy✏ wn- ‘to commit folly’ E27/102r22.
— p al act. pt. ( ✏, y✏, f. yt✏) ‘foolish, crazy, mad’ ~ mnt rb✏q ‘foolish, unwise, ignorant’ E27/
26v8(?), 102v25; ~ *yxwnq-n✏-ptz✏ny ‘undiscerning’ E27/13v17* (rest.!).
— See also ywt✏.
✏ywt (√ y) ‘folly, madness’ ~ qbnq- rb✏qy✏ ‘unwisdom’ 1Cor1.25 E6/12r; ~ mnt rb✏qy✏ ‘folly,
ignorance’ E27/102r23, v25.
r✏ ‘document’: see ✏ r✏.
ygt (√ wg) ‘washing’ (noun) ~ dst -sn✏m ‘washing of hands’ E27/57r13.
ywl ‘Sheol, underworld’ ~ mwrty-d✏m ‘realm of the dead’ E27/60v3. See also Sogd. s.v.
ywt ‘complexion’ ~ ryt ‘face’ E29/3r2.
y ‘contemptible’ = w p al pass. pt.
y✏wt (√ w ) ‘contempt’: y wt yt✏ ‘self-disdain’ ~ rywy pty d✏r✏mnty ‘id.’ E28/1v9; ~ pty -
r wqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/7v24*.
yn pa el ‘to grant peace’ ~ wys✏qy * qr-/ qrt ‘to conduct in peace’ E26/23v14.
— pa el pass. pt. (m yn) ‘to be tranquil’ ~ ✏[wrmt](y) b- ‘id.’ E28/3v5*.
— See also m yn✏yt, yn✏.
yn (√ yn) ‘peace’ ~ wys✏q ‘id.’ E27/1r12, 54r23; ~ ✏wr✏m ‘peace, quietude’ E27/1r10; E28/1r9.
— lm✏ w- yn✏ ‘peace and tranquillity’ ~ ✏wx ‘deliverance, salvation’ E26/5v7.
kb p al ‘to fall asleep, die’ ~ ✏wfs ‘id.’ E27/60r8; ~ ftyr- ‘to pass, pass away, depart’ E27/94r19;
~ myr- ‘to die’ E27/60r4.
— p al: ✏ty p al + d-n kb ‘to come to die’ ~ pnt mrc b✏ ‘to be close to death’ E27/60r14.
k⌥ p al pass. pt. ( ky ) ‘to be found’ ~ wyt b- ‘can be seen’ E27/22v16.
— ap el (see Nöldeke 1898, §183) (i) ‘to find’ ~ byr ‘id.’ NT+; (ii) ‘to be able’ ~ qt✏ wn- ‘to be
able to do’ E5; Rom11.23 E6/6v*, 1Cor12.21 E6/20v* (both rest.!); E24c1.61; E26/31r17;
E27/94r30; E28.
— ap el pt. (m k ) (i) ‘able’ ~ ✏ ty ‘equal, capable, able’ E28/65v13; (ii) ‘to be possible; can be’
~ qt✏ b- ‘id.’ Mt24.24 E5/51r; E28/10r16*; ~ tr. pot. E27/31r22, v13 (see Sogd. s.v. 2wn-).
— etp el ‘to be found’ ~ byrty *b-/qt- ‘id.’, byrt b- ‘to be able to be found’ Lk19.17 E5/125r;
E24c1.15, 79; E28/3r1, 12v18, 14r13.
— See also k t✏.
k⌥t (√ k ) ‘finding, discovery’ ~ (b)[y](r)[✏mnty] ‘id.’ E27/1v15.
kyrwt (√ kr) ‘crime, depravity’ ~ b yq ✏rq ‘evil deed’ E27/57v18.
kn p al ‘to settle, rest’ ~ pcpr- ‘id.’ E27/61r22.
— pa el ‘to bestow’ ~ br- ‘to give’ E27/31v29.
— See also m kn✏, wkn✏.
kr pa el pt. (m kr) ‘vile’ ~ b yq ‘bad, evil, wrong’ E27/39r1*.
— See also kyrwt✏.
l✏, 1 ly✏ ‘still’ = ly p al pass. pt.
ld ‘corpse’ ~ frwrt ‘id.’ E27/68v7.
lhbyt ‘flame’ ~ db✏n ‘id.’ Ps29.7*; E27/23v7, 24r6*; ~ ✏try db✏n ‘flame of fire’ E27/23r27,
24r11*; ≈ pr ✏wy ‘burning’ E26/31r18.
lw (√ ly) ‘rest’: d-l✏ lw✏ ‘ceaseless’ ~ pw-✏nc✏n ‘id.’ E28/7r15, 8v27.
1
l⌥ p al ‘to doff, take off, divest oneself of’ ~ fr✏mnc ‘id.’ E25/1v19; E27/57v22.
2
l⌥ p al ‘to send, send word, announce’ ~ f ✏m ‘to send’ Jn5.36 E5/41v*; ~ ny ty- ‘to send
word, announce’ E27/66r12, v12.
— etp el ‘to be sent, be announced’ ~ f mty b-/qt- ‘to be sent’ E27/77v12; ~ ny ty✏t⌥ b- ‘to be
announced’ E27/94r17.
— See also ly ✏, ly y✏.
l✏ pa el pass. pt. (m l ) ‘to rule’ ~ p✏tx ✏wn b- ‘to be in authority’ E28/8r13.
— ap el ‘to put in authority, to cause to rule’ ~ p✏tx ✏wn wn-/qt- ‘id.’ Lk12.44 E5/130v*,12 Jn5.27
E5/41r.
— etpa al ‘to rule’ ~ p✏tx ✏wn b- ‘to be in authority’ Rom6.9 E32/1v; Ps19.14*; E27/7v23*,
57v31.
— See also m l wt✏, wl n✏, ly .
12
Thus Vetus Syra (Sinaiticus): see Sogd. s.v. p✏tx ✏wn.
ly p al ‘to cease, be still, become calm’ ~ ✏nc✏y ‘to cease, stop’ Col1.9 E32/2; E27/27v18; ~
swq- pr ✏wr✏m ‘to dwell in quietude’ E28/4r19*; ~ ✏wrms ‘to become still, become calm, be
quiet’ E26/30v21*; ≈ 2ptr✏m ‘to pacify, make still’ E25/1v12*.
— p al pass. pt. ( l✏, 1 ly✏) ‘still, calm, silent, speechless’ ~ ✏wrmty ‘still, calm, quiet’ E27/22v9;
Hymn 8; ~ wq ‘silent, speechless’ E26/30r26.
— See also lw✏, 2 ly✏.
2
ly (√ ly) ‘calm, quietude, tranquillity’ ~ ✏wr✏m ‘peace, quietude’ E27/31r26, 28, v4; E28; ~
✏wr✏my swq✏m ‘dwelling in quietude’ E28/2ar5; ~ qly ✏ ‘cell’ E28/1v1, 8v27.
— mn ly/ ly✏ ‘suddenly’ ~ cn pcp✏tq ‘id.’ Lk2.13 E3r; ~ p p✏cyq ‘id.’ E27/54v28.
ly⌥ (√2 l ) ‘apostle’ ~ pt ✏mbry ‘id.’ Lk6.13 E5/91v; Rom11.13 E6/5v* (rest.!); E26/31v7;
E27.
ly⌥y (√2 l ) ‘apostolic’ ~ S pt ✏m↵rymync ‘id.’ Creed 12.
ly✏, ly ✏, pl. lÿ n✏ (√ l ) (i) ‘lawful, permitted’ ~ ◆prsny✏ ‘permission’ E27/55v18, 104r14*; (ii)
‘(to be) permitted’ ~ s✏c ‘to be proper, be appropriate, be right’ E27/66r4; (iii) ‘one in author-
ity, ruler’ ~ x ✏wnd✏r ‘id.’ E27; ‘chief man’ ~ xw tr ‘id.’ E27/26r4.
— ly (± hwy p al) ‘to rule’ ~ p✏tx ✏wn b- ‘to be in authority’ Lk19.17, 19 E5/125r; E27/7v24*.
lm p al ‘to come to an end, be finished, be completed, be fulfilled’ ~ ✏yms ‘to be finished’ E27/
91v8; ~ spty b-/qt- ‘to become complete’ Hymn 5*; E27/94r26f.
— p al act. pt. ( lm) ‘agreeing, agreeable, conforming’ ~ ✏✏wptsynty ‘(being) in agreement’ E26/
27r20; ~ ✏s✏qy ‘suitable’ E27/54v23.
— pa el (i) ‘to complete, fulfil’ ~ spty wn-/qt- ‘to make complete’ E23.73; E28/7v7; ≈ ✏yms ‘to
be finished’ Mt10.23 E5/75v; (ii) ‘to come to an end, die’ ~ ptwyd ‘to deliver up (one’s soul)’
E27/60v2; (iii) ‘to salute, greet’ ~ dwrt✏ br- ‘to give a greeting’ E28/9r10.
— ap el ‘to consign, deliver up, betray’ ~ prbx ‘id.’ Mt10.17, 19 E5/75r; Lk24.20 E5/72r; E27/
94v24.
— ap el act. pt. (m lm) ‘consigning’ ~ prbx nty ‘id.’ E26/25r26.
— etp el ‘to be delivered up’ ~ prbx t b- ‘id.’ Mt20.18 E5/34v; ~ p ✏ty b- ‘to be cast’
E24c1.63*.
— etpa al ‘to be completed, be fulfilled’ ~ spty [b-] ‘to become complete’ Lk24.44 E5/83v*.
— See also m lmn✏, wlm✏, lm✏.
lm (√ lm) ‘peace, health, greeting’ ~ dwrt- ‘id.’ E5+; Ps29.11*, 34.15.
— lm✏ w- yn✏ ‘peace and tranquillity’ ~ ✏wx ‘deliverance, salvation’ E26/5v7.
m (√ mh, √ my) ‘name, reputation’ ~ 1n✏m ‘id.’ E5+; Ps5.12; ≈ 1 yr ‘to call, name’ E24c1.20.
— d-✏yt hw✏ ⌘lwhy m✏ ‘who had renown’ ~ n✏mq yn ‘famous’ E27/60r25.
— mh h⇧✏ ‘his name was’ ~ 2n✏m ‘to be named’ E27/1r17*(?), 94r12.
mh pa el ‘to name’ ~ 1 yr ‘to call, name’ E28/8v15.
— pa el pt. (m mh) ‘famous’ ~ n✏mcyq ‘id.’ E26/28v2.
— etpa al ‘to be named’ ~ yrty b- ‘id.’ E27/31r6.
— See also m✏, √ my.
mw (√ m⌘) ‘listener’ ~ wynny ‘spectator’ E27/57r14*.
my pa el ‘to name’ ~ n✏m ✏wsty ‘to put a name’ Lk6.13, 14 E5/91v.

— See also m✏, √ mh.
my (→ myn✏) ‘heaven’ ~ sm✏n ‘id.’ NT+; Ps19.2, 7; Creed 5*, 9; ≈ w tm✏xcyq ‘heavenly, of
heaven’ E26/28r28*.
— ✏bwn d-b- my✏ ‘Our Father which art in heaven, Paternoster’: see Sogd. s.v.
— d-b- my✏ ‘in heaven’ ~ sm✏ncyq heavenly’ E26/27v4*.
— d- my✏ ‘of heaven’ ~ sm✏ncyq heavenly’ Mt13.24 E5/109v* (rest.!); E26/27r11, 18*(?); E27/
48r9; E28/7v11; E33A3*.
109v*; E26/27r11; E27/48r9; E28/7v11.
— mn sw⇥y my✏ ‘from the borders of heaven’ ~ S [cn] sm✏n ✏✏ ✏ẓ ‘from the beginning of heaven’
Ps19.7.
— mn my✏ ‘from heaven’ ~ sm✏ncyq heavenly’ E23.117.
— ⌘wp✏ d- my✏ ‘birds of the sky’ ~ brwz✏n ‘bird’ E27/17v2.
— ⌫my my✏ ‘heaven of heavens’ ~ sm✏n ‘heaven’ E26/23v24.
myn (→ my✏) ‘heavenly’ ~ sm✏ncyq ‘id.’ E24c2.24; E26/24r14; E27/31v32, 57r6, 22.
— mlkwt✏ mynyt✏ ‘heavenly kingdom’ ~ sm✏ncyq w tm✏x ‘heavenly Paradise’ E24c2.24.
mly quad. = mly ⇥ap el ‘to complete, fulfil, accomplish’ ~ spty wn-/qt- ‘to make complete’
E27/12r4, 5*, 31v7; E28/2av10; ~ sp - ‘to serve (one’s service)’ E28/3v6*(?).
— quad. = mly ⇥ap el pass. pt. (m mly) ‘complete, perfect’ ~ spty ‘id.’ Jn16.24 E5/79r.
— quad.refl. = mly e⇥tap al ‘to be completed, be fulfilled’ ~ spty b-/qt- ‘to become complete’
E27/40v12, 91r4; E28/2ar4* (rest.!).
— See also wmly✏.
m p al ‘to hear, listen’ ~ 1pt w ‘to hear’ NT+; ~ 2n w ‘to hear, listen’ Jn9.27 E5/101r*,
Jn9.31 E5/101v* (x2); E23.190; E24c1.29; E26/24v26, 30v21; E27; E28/1r1 (see BT XLII,
15).
— p al inf. (l-m m⌘) ‘to hear, listen’ ~ S *1n w ‘listening’ (noun) Ps34.16*.
— ap el ‘to make audible’ ~ pt w wn- ‘id.’ E27/55v27.
— etp el (i) ‘to be heard’ ~ pt w t ... *b-/qt- ‘id.’ Jn9.32 E5/101v; ~ 2pt w ‘to be heard,
become audible’ E27/5v29*(?) (rest.!), 54v17; (ii) ‘to heed, obey’ ~ 2n w ‘to hear, listen,
heed, obey’ E27/68v29*.
— See also m m⌘t✏, mw⌘✏, m⌘✏.
m (√ m⌘) ‘hearing’ (noun) ~ pt w ✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/57r12.
mr pa el ‘to cast, send, loose’ ~ p y (?) ‘id.’(?) E28/12v26.
m pa el (i) ‘to serve, worship, celebrate (a divine office)’ ~ sp - ‘id.’ Mt25.44 E5/126v,
Lk10.40 E5/91v; Rom6.6 E32/1v; E27/57r3; (ii) ‘to serve, perform (someone’s will)’ ~ 2wn-
‘to do, perform’ E26/26r11.
— See also m m n✏, 1 m ✏, t m t✏.
1
m (√ m ) ‘deacon’ ~ m✏ ✏ ‘id.’ E27/68v22(?). See also Sogd. s.v. m✏ ✏, m ✏.
2
m ‘sun’ ~ xwr ‘id.’ E20v7; E23.189; E24c2.11; E26/23v8, 31r25; E27; E36/3r12.
1
n (→ nnt✏) ‘tooth’ ~ dnt✏ ‘id.’ Mt5.38 E5/28v (x2); E27/14v19; E28/7r17.
— wrq n✏ ‘gnashing of teeth’ ~ dnt - q✏f✏ ‘id.’ E27/68v4.
2
n✏, ny✏ ‘mad’ = ny p al act. pt.
nd etpa al ‘to torture’ ≈ w y✏q ‘cruelty, torture’ E23.196.
— See also nd✏.
nd (√ nd) ‘torment, torture’ ~ z✏ry✏wy ‘id.’ E28/5v23; ~ p✏tfr✏s ‘punishment’ E24c1.76; E27/
27v18(?), 64v30, 69r28(?).
— n̈d✏ w-✏ẅl⌧n✏ ‘tortures and sufferings’ ~ [trx](q)✏ p✏(tfr✏)s ‘bitter punishment’ E27/69r24.
ny p al act. pt. (2 n✏, ny✏, f. nyt✏) ‘mad’ ~ ✏✏ry ‘mad, wild’ E26/28v18.
— pa el ‘to leave, depart’ ~ xyr ‘to go, go away’ E25/1v20; E26/31r28; E27/60r25; E28/5r24; ~
ftyr- ‘to pass, pass away, depart’ E27/94r18; ~ ny - ‘to go out, depart, go away’ E27/60r21; ~
tr- ‘to go’ E27/60v16.
— pa el pass. pt. (m ny) ‘changed’ ~ prf✏ty ‘faded, pale’ E27/68r26.
— See also nywt✏.
n̈y✏ ‘years’: see 2 nt✏.
nywt (√ ny) ‘madness, raving’ ~ ◆rqwny ‘id.’ E27/111v1*; ~ ◆rw tqy✏ ‘rage, frenzy’ E27/
66v15; ~ qrx ‘paralysis, madness’ E26/28v30*.
nnt (→1 n✏) ‘point’: d-tlt ⌫nnn ‘three-pointed’ ~ y-p✏d✏ ‘three-pronged’ E27/60v3, 7.
nq pa el ‘to afflict, torment, torture’ ~ ptzyr ‘to afflict, torment’ E27/69r25; ~ z✏ry✏⌥ ✏ t✏y ‘to
torture’, lit. ‘to show misery’ E27/60v8.
— See also wnq✏, t nyq✏.
1
nt ‘sleep’ ~ xwbn- ‘sleep, dream’ E26/24v28(?).
2
nt ‘year’, pl. n̈y✏ ~ srd ‘id.’ Jn9.21 E5/100v, Jn9.23 E5/101r*; E23.196, A22; E24c1.18, 81;
E26/5v16, 27, 27v22; E27/1r10*, 68v13, 94r13.
bd quad. = ⌘bd ⇥ap el ‘to enslave’ ~ frm✏n-pt w y *wn-/qt- ‘to make enslaved’ E27/13v19.
— quad. = ⌘bd ⇥ap el pass. pt. (m ⌘bd) ‘subject, dependent’ ~ frm✏n-pt w y ‘subordinate, serving,
enslaved’ Gal4.3 E6/3v; E27/57r28.
— quad.refl. = ⌘bd e⇥tap al ‘to submit oneself to’ ~ sp - ‘to serve’ E26/25r17* (rest.!).
— quad.refl. = ⌘bd e⇥tap al pt. (m t⌘bd) ‘subject, subservient’ ~ nyz✏ny ‘id.’ E26/32v1.
— See also w⌘bd✏.
y etpa al ‘to tell, declare’ ~ prbyr ‘id.’ Lk24.35 E5/73r; Ps19.2*; E23.289; E26/24r26; E28/
12r10.
— See also t ⌘yt✏.
t ‘time, moment, hour’ ~ n ✏m ‘id.’ E5; E27/60r28, 68r16.
— bḣ b- ⌘t✏ ‘at that very moment’ ~ (±ywn) pr wy✏q ‘on the spot, immediately’ Lk24.33 E5/73r*
(rest.!); E23.152, 232; E26/27v25* (rest.!).
— br ⌘th ‘at that very moment, instantly’ ~ ywny pr wy✏q ‘on the spot, immediately’ E27/66v5;
~ xyd n ✏m ‘at that time’ E26/26v17; ~ wyd✏ ty ‘at that time, then’ E27/86v3; ~ swdqy
‘hurrying’ E28/10v26.
— d- ⌘t✏ ‘for a while; at (this) moment, now’ ~ qlyl ‘for a little while’ Jn5.35 E5/41v; ~ q y
‘now’ E27/69v15.
1
py (→ py✏yt, pywt✏) ‘plain, simple, pure’ ~ fr ty ‘straight, upright’ E27/61r22; E28/14v5*; ~
zprcyq ‘pure’ E28/14r11; ~ ✏wsw ty ‘id.’ E28/3r24.
2
py ‘obstacle, hindrance’ ~ wytrxty✏ ‘constraint, hindrance’ E27/48r16.
py yt (→1 py✏, pywt✏) ‘plainly, clearly’ ~ mrxw ‘id.’ E27/31v22.
pywt (→1 py✏, py✏yt) ‘purity’ ~ zprty✏ ‘id.’ E27/27r11.
pyr (√ pr) ‘beautiful, comely, excellent, good’ ~ yr- ‘good, excellent’ Mt17.4 E5/127v*; E27/
68r13; E28/1r6, 16, v5, 12r15; ~ q n✏w ‘beautiful, comely’ E27/87v4*; ~ [fry✏b] wnqyn ‘id.’
E29/3r4.
— abs. pyr ‘well’ ~ yrw/2 yry ‘id.’ E23.197; E27/31r23; E28/12v12.
— f. pl. pyr̈t✏ ‘good (things)’ ~ yryt ✏ ct ‘good things’ E28/1r6.
pl etpa al ‘to become weak’ ~ xw✏t b- ‘id.’ E27/31v31; E28/2av9.
pr p al ‘to please’ ~ sp - ‘to serve’ Col1.10 E32/2v.
— See also wpr✏, pyr✏.
q ‘shin, shank’ ~ * ✏n✏ ‘id.’ E27/27v8*.
qy ap el ‘to enable to drink’ ~ c nt xw r ‘id.’ Mt25.37 E5/126r*.
— See also qy✏.
qy (√ qy) ‘drink’ ~ c[ nt] ‘id.’ E27/14v24.
— d-l✏ qy✏ ‘without drink’ ~ pw-c[ nt] ‘id.’ E27/25v18.
qyp ‘crag’ ~ q✏f ‘id.’ E27/27v20*.
ql p al (i) ‘to bear, take, take up, take away’ ~ sxw✏y ‘id.’ E5; Rom11.18 E6/6r; E26/30r17;
E27/68v8, 87v5, 6; E28/10v24; ~ ✏s ‘to take’ Mt5.32 E5/28r*, Lk16.3 E5/48r; Ps50.16*; E26/
27v17; ≈ swx✏y✏mnty ‘taking up’ E28/100A3; (ii) ‘to partake, receive’ ~ byr ‘to find, receive,
obtain’ E27/94r11; ~ 1pc ✏z ‘to receive’ E28/12r17.
— p al act. pt.: ql yt✏ ‘removing sin’ ~ prm✏nty✏-qryny ‘forgiver’ E18r11.
— p al pass. pt. ( qyl) ‘to support’ ~ swxsty d✏r ‘to hold raised up’ Rom11.18*, 18 E6/6r.
— pa el pass. pt. (m ql) ‘haughty, arrogant’ ~ wrz yw ‘id.’ E27/56r7.
— etp el ‘to be lifted up, be taken away’ ~ swxsty *b-/qt- ‘id.’ Lk24.31 E5/72v; E27/68v5; ~ ✏yty
b- ‘to be taken’ Mt21.43 E5/38v*.
— etp el + r(y) ✏ ‘to be beheaded’ ~ ptxwsty b- ‘to be killed’ E23A29; E24c2.13.
r✏, ry✏ ‘free’ = ry p al pass. pt.
rb ‘story, account’ ~ ✏znt ‘id.’ E27/39v14; E28/14v8, 17.
— ktb✏ d-t ⌘yt rbh ‘book of the history of his story’ ~ ✏✏(zn)[ty] pwsty ‘book of the story’ E26/
23r14f.
rbt ‘family, lineage, generation, race’ ~ qwtr ‘id.’ Lk16.8 E5/48r.
rg ‘lamp’ ~ cr✏ ‘id.’ Mt6.22 E1/2r; Lk12.35 E5/130r; E28/4v28.
rgrg refl. ‘to long for’ ~ sn- ‘to ascend’ E28/14r11.
rwy (√ ry) ‘initial’ ~ ◆ ✏zcyq ‘id.’ E27/31r28.
ry p al (i) ‘to loosen, sever’ ~ ywx✏y ‘to sever, separate’ E27/27v8*; (ii) ‘to dismiss’ ~ f ✏m ‘to
send, send away, dismiss’ E24c1.70; ~ w✏c ‘id.’ Mt5.31 E5/28r; (iii) ‘to dwell, rest’ ~ ✏nc✏y ‘to
stay, reside’ E23.174; E26/31r29; E27/12v1*, 87r7; ~ 1myn ‘id.’ E26/28r23*(?); ~ ✏nc✏y +
1
(m)[yn] E26/28r23; ~ pcpr- ‘to settle, alight, rest’ E27/54v19, 61r21; ~ x- ‘to be’ E23.170;
E27/48r14.
— p al pass. pt. ( r✏, ry✏) ‘unbound, free’ ~ xwcq ‘id.’ E27/22r16; E28/12v4.
— pa el ‘to begin’ ~ 2✏ ✏z ‘id.’ E23.186; E24c1.31; E26; E27; E28/5r25, 7v10; ~ ◆ ✏z wn- ‘to
make a beginning’ E27/31v20.
— etp el or etpa al ‘to be destroyed’ ~ n c b- ‘to become nothing’ E27/69v20.
— See also m ry✏, m ryt✏, wry✏, rwy✏, rywt✏.
rywt (√ ry) ‘laxity’ ~ xwcqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/31r4.
ryr (√ rr) (i) ‘true’ ~ ✏mng ‘id.’ E26/30v25; ~ S ✏✏mnkcyk ‘id.’ Creed 4; ~ wyzr- ‘id.’ Jn5.31
E5/41r*; ~ 2r t- ‘id.’ E26/24v12; E27/48r22; ~ 1r t- ‘truth’ E27/6r13; ~ ✏nwx ‘excellent’ E27/
11v21(?); (ii) ‘whole’ ~ wq ‘whole, healthy’ E26/27v28*; E27/91r10*.
ryr yt (√ rr) ‘truly’ ~ pr r ty✏q ‘in truth’ Lk12.44 E5/130v, Lk24.34 E5/73r; E27; ~ ✏✏mng ‘truly’
E26/25r9, 31v13(?).
rk ‘remainder’: rk✏ d- ‘the rest of’ ~ p✏ryq ‘other’ E27/31v17, 20, 48r10; E28/8v5; ~ pryq
‘remaining, other’ E27/27v16; d- rk✏ ‘other’ ~ p✏ryq ‘id.’ E28/3r21.
rr pa el ‘to strengthen’ ≈ x- ‘firm, hard’ E25/1r21.
— pa el pt. (m rr) ‘firm, strong, secure, safe’ ~ xs ‘id.’ E27/104r5* (rest.!).
— etpa al ‘to become whole’ ~ wq b- ‘id.’ E26/27v14.
— See also ryr✏, ryr✏yt, rr✏.
rr (√ rr) ‘truth’ ~ r ty✏q ‘id.’ Lk16.11 E5/48v; E27/1r12*, 27v5, 68v30; E28/8v17, 10r29*.
— d- rr✏ ‘of truth’ ~ wyzr- ‘true’ E24c1.27*, c2.19; ~ ✏mng ‘id.’ E26/25v17*; ~ S ✏✏mnkcyk ‘id.’
Creed 11; ~ 2r t- ‘id.’ E26/28r2*(?); ~ r ty✏qmync ‘concerning truth’ E26/31r22.
lt ‘fetter’ ~ spn- ‘iron fetter’ E27/68r18, 69r22.
t, t✏, ✏ t✏ ‘six’ ~ xw w ‘id.’ Mt17.1 E5/127v; E47A6 (Syr. misspelt t t✏!); ~ xw myq ‘sixth’ E27/
55r17*, 68v11, 13.
— d- t✏ ‘sixth’ ~ xw myq ‘id.’ E27/39v4; ~ S 6-mykw ‘id.’ Ps6.0*.
t st ‘support, foundation’, pl. t✏s̈✏ ~ pt[ ty] ‘id.’ E26/29v2*(?); ~ S p - ‘foundation’ Ps24.2.
ty p al ‘to drink’ ~ pc - ‘id.’ Mt6.31 E1/2v; E27/94v18; ~ 1xwr- ‘to eat; to drink’ E26/32v32;
E30/4r1*(?). In special contexts: ‘to drink (the cup of martyrdom)’ ~ pcx - ‘to take, hold,
receive’ E27/12v18; ‘to drink (the blood of Christ)’ ~ 1pc ✏z ‘to receive’ E26/24r10*, 31v13.
— See also m twt✏, m ty✏.
tyq (√ tq) ‘quiet, silent, speechless’ ~ wq ‘id.’ E27/65v29; ~ ✏wrmty ‘still, calm, quiet’ E28/
27v27.
tyn ‘sixty’ ~ xw ty ‘id.’ E27/54r28(?).
tt sr ‘sixteen’ ~ xw rts ‘id.’ E27/68v12, 22, 69r30; E47A18* (Syr. misspelt t t⌘sr!).
— d- tt⌘sr ‘sixteenth’ ~ xw (r)ts(m)[yq] ‘id.’ E27/55v14.
tq p al ‘to be silent’ ~ wq ✏w t ‘to stand still, be silent’ E23.162.
— See also tyq✏.

-t ‘you’: see ✏nt.
t wry ‘theory, speculation’ ~ 1ptz✏n ‘understanding’ E27/31v18; E28/12v6; ~ ✏m ptz✏n ‘superior
understanding’ E28/14r16.
t✏n̈✏ ‘fig trees’: see t✏t✏.
̈
t n⌥t (√✏n ) ‘groan, sigh’, pl. tnḥt✏ ~ ✏wt✏s✏qc ‘groaning, groan’ E28/7r15.
t rt ‘conscience’ ~ m✏ny-prm✏ty ‘id.’ E28/1r4, 19f*, 12r19.
t t , tt✏ ‘fig tree’, pl. t✏n̈✏ ~ ✏ncyr wn- ‘id.’ E26/10v6; E36/2r15.
— tt✏ pkyht✏ ‘sycamore’, lit. ‘insipid fig tree’ ~ ✏ncyr wn- ‘fig tree’ E36/3v10f*.
tbyl ‘(habitable) earth, world’ ~ S ✏↵tky pw ‘id.’ Ps24.1*; ~ ✏ftqy pw n✏f ‘the people of the
world’ E26/24r15*; ~ fcmpd ‘world’ E28/2ar13*.
— d-tbyl ‘of the (habitable) world’ ~ S ✏↵c✏np cyk ‘worldly, earthly’ Ps33.8.
tb t ‘punishment’ ~ prsym ‘id.’ E27/12r27.
tbr pa el ‘to break up, smash’ ~ ✏wx✏y ‘id.’ E26/12r17(?), v11(?), 28r10.
tg ‘crown; kingly power’ ~ x ✏wn ‘power, authority, kingly power’ E27/11r18.
— tg✏ d-mlkwt✏ ‘crown of kingship’ ~ x ywny ‘king’ E28/1v10.
tgm ‘rank, order’ ~ qrtr ‘id.’ E26/31r14; E28/14v13.
tgr etpa al ‘to trade, profit’ ~ [x](w)✏qry✏ *wn-/qt- ‘to make trade’ Lk19.15 E5/125r.
tdmwrt (√dmr) ‘miracle, wonder’, pl. tdmr̈t✏ ~ wrcwny✏ ‘id.’ Mt21.42 E5/38v; E27; ~ q wrz
‘miracle (and) wonder’ E25/1v18; ≈ [wrcwn](q)ry ‘miracle-working’ E26/27v34; ≈ wrcwny-
qr ny ‘id.’ E28/9r20.
thwm ‘abyss’ ~ zwby ‘chasm, abyss’ E23.271* (rest.!); E28/5v22, 27*.
thyr (→thr✏) ‘wonderful’ ~ wyd✏snyq ‘id.’ E27/48r12*.
thr (→thyr✏) ‘marvel, wonder, astonishment’ ~ 1wyd✏s ‘id.’ E26/31r11; E27/61v19, 104r15*.
1
twb p al ‘to repent’ ~ nm✏ny (...) wn-/qt- ‘id.’ Lk13.3 E5/34r; E27/102r20.
— See also 2twb, tyb✏, tybwt✏, tywb✏.
2
twb (√twb) ‘again, further, moreover’ ~ 1tym ‘still, yet, again’ E5+; ~ fy✏tr ‘further, more,
again’ E27/66r16; E28/9v27*; ~ sq✏tr ‘further, more, any more’ E23.63, 163, A9; E27/87v16;
~ dbtyq ‘again’ Rom6.9 E32/1v; Creed 10; E27/102r20; ~ dbtyq (p)[r]tw ‘a second time’ E27/
55v16; ~ ms ‘also, moreover’ E27/23v26, 27r23, v6.
— ✏p + twb ‘moreover’ ~ ms ‘also, moreover’ E28/5r20.
— twb + ⌘ p p al + d-tny✏ ‘to repeat again a second time’ ~ dbtyq prtw ‘a second time’ E27/
55v16*.
twdyt (√ydy) ‘confession, acknowledgement, thanksgiving’ ~ ✏z✏n-prsqy✏ ‘id.’ E27/31r11, 57v5;
~ S w↵ty✏ ‘praise, glory’ Ps30.1.
tw⌥rt (√✏ r) ‘delay’ ~ wy t- ‘id.’ E28/3r21* (rest.!).
twy etp el ‘to repent’ ~ nm✏n q n *b-/qt- ‘to become penitent’ Mt21.29*, 32 E5/38r.
— See also twt✏.
twyr ‘shocked’ ~ ✏symy ‘troubled, shocked, confounded’ E27/12v2.
twlmd (√tlmd) ‘conversion’: ⌘bd p al + twlmd✏ ‘to perform conversions’ ~ sn✏m br- ‘to give
baptism’ E28/9v29.
twqlt (√tql) ‘stumbling’ ~ ✏ qwxy✏ ‘id.’ E26/29v13*.
twqn (√tqn) ‘construction’ ~ p t✏ty ‘id.’ E26/30v27.
twr ‘bull, ox’ ~ ✏w ‘id.’ E27/91r8.
twt (√twy) ‘penitence’ ~ nm✏ny ‘id.’ E27/31v3.
— twt np ✏ ‘remorse’ ~ nm✏nyqrqy✏ ‘repentance, penitence’ E26/25r18.
t⌥wyt (√ wy) ‘manifestation’ ~ ✏ t✏y✏mnty ‘showing forth, indication’ Lk1.80 E5/6v.
t⌥yt, t wt- ‘under’ ~ (±cn ...) c✏p✏r ‘id.’ ~ E6; E27/13v23, 66v6, 77v18*; E28; ~ c✏dr ‘id.’ E26/
29v7.
t⌥lwp (√ lp) ‘substitute’ ~ pcrw ‘instead’ E26/25v9.
t⌥m t ‘modesty’ ~ frwqy✏ ‘id.’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r.
t⌥t (→t tyt✏) ‘below’:
— l-t t ‘down, downwards, below’ ~ c✏dr-s✏r ‘down, downwards’ E27/94r8; ≈ c✏p✏rcyq ‘situated
below’ E27/22v14.
t⌥tyt (→t t) ‘lowest part, depth’ ~ c✏dr✏w ‘id.’ E28/7r12.
-ty ‘you’: see ✏nt.
tyb (√twb) ‘penitent’ ~ nm✏n -qr y ‘id.’ E27/31v4.
tybwt (√twb) ‘repentance, penitence’ ~ nm✏nyqrqy✏ ‘id.’ Lk24.47 E5/83v; E26/29r7; E27; E28/
1r5, 3v12.
tywb (√twb) ‘vomit’ ~ q✏xw ✏ty ‘id.’ E27/102r21.
tkl p al pass. pt. (tkyl) (i) ‘trusting’ ~ brtwx ‘sure, assured, confident, trusting’ E27/68r11; (ii)
‘to trust (in), rely (on)’ ~ S ✏nwth ↵r- ‘to place (one’s) trust’ Ps34.9.
tk pt (√k p) ‘request, entreaty, prayer’ ~ S n ✏ ✏ ‘id.’ Ps6.1; ~ pcqw✏n ‘id.’ E27/12r6, 31r27.
tl✏, tly✏ ‘hanging’ = tly p al pass. pt.
tl⌥ p al or pa el ‘to tear’ ~ 1zry ‘id.’ E26/27v11*.
— etp el or etpa al ‘to be torn up’ ~ ptry y b- ‘id.’ E26/24v27; ~ pwtqy b- ‘to disintegrate’ E27/
126r25*; ≈ ptry ‘to tear, break’ (tr.) E26/24v20.
tly p al ‘to suspend’ ~ ◆qwc ‘id.’ E27/27r25.
— p al pass. pt. (tl✏, tly✏) (i) ‘hanging’ ~ pr ty ‘stretched out (on the Cross)’ E26/31r12; (ii) ‘to
be lifted up’ ~ zry - ‘id.’ E18v10.
tlylwt ‘moisture, trickle’ ~ z ✏r ‘id.’ E27/22v16.
tlytywt ‘Trinity’: see Sogd. s.v. * ly yw ✏.
tlmd quad. ‘to instruct, convert’ ~ ywc ‘to teach’ E24c3.10 (MS ✏ykn✏ ✏ttlmdyh, ST II, 560, line
15, apparently error for ✏ykn✏ ✏tlmdyḣ ‘how shall I instruct her?’).
— quad.refl. ‘to become a disciple’ ~ [ yr]ty [b-/qt-] ‘to be called’ Mt27.57 E5/65r* (rest.!).
— See also twlmd✏, tlmyd✏.
tlmyd (√tlmd) ‘disciple’ ~ wx q- ‘id.’ E5+.
tlt , tlt ‘three’ ~ 2 y ‘id.’ Lk10.36 E5/91r, Lk24.21 E5/72r*; E26/5v16, 8r7; E27; ~ ✏ c ‘three
things’ E27/57r22*; ≈ tyq ‘third’ E26/30r21.
— d-tlt, d-tlt✏ ‘third, thirdly’ ~ tyq ‘id.’ E27/40r13, 57r24.
— d-tlt ⌫nnn ‘three-pointed’ ~ y-p✏d✏ ‘three-pronged’ E27/60v3, 7.
tltyn ‘thirty’ ~ ys ‘id.’ E27/54r28(?).
— tltyn w-tmny✏ ‘thirty-eight’ ~ [dw✏ ]qmpy ctfrs ‘forty less [two]’ E26/27v22.
tltm ‘three hundred’ ~ yst ‘id.’ E24c1.82.
tlt sr ‘thirteen’ ~ yts ‘id.’ E47A15.
— d-tlt⌘sr ‘thirteenth’ ~ S 13-mykw ‘id.’ Ps13.0*.
tmh p al ‘to marvel, be amazed’ ~ ✏d✏s ‘id.’ E27/22v17, 65v29; E28/10r15*; ~ 2wyd✏s ‘id.’
E23.172; E27/12r8*, v27, 60r10.
— p al pass. pt. (tmyh) ‘wonderful, amazing’ ~ wyd✏s wny ‘id.’ E27.
— ap el ‘to astonish’ ~ wyd✏s-[ w](n) prb r ‘to recount a wonder’ Lk24.22 E5/72r.
— See also tmh✏.
tmh (√tmh) ‘marvel, wonder, astonishment’ ~ 1wyd✏s ‘id.’ E28/12v11, 14r15.
tmwz (month name) ‘Tammuz’: see Sogd. s.v. mwz.
tmym ‘innocent, guileless’ ~ trn ṇ̇znt ‘meek (and) mild’ Mt10.16 E5/75r.
tmn ‘there’ ~ wdy ‘id.’ Mt6.21 E1/2r; Lk6.12 E5/91v, Lk24.23 E5/72r, Jn2.1 E5/21r*; E23.92;
E24c1.88; E26/32v5; E27/87v14, 94v5; E28/7r15, 9v1; ~ prywyd pry✏wr ‘in that vicinity’
E27/1v11*; ~ ( )[ywl] ‘Sheol, underworld’ E27/40v2 (the preceding sentence shows that tmn
‘there’ refers to Sheol).
— mn tmn ‘thence’ ~ cn cywyd rwt ‘from that river’ E27/23r11.
tmn yn ‘eighty’ ~ t✏t ‘id.’ Lk16.7 E5/48r.
tmny ‘eight’ ~ t✏ ‘id.’ E27/94r28.
— d-tmny✏ ‘eighth’ ~ tmyq ‘id.’ E27/55r22.
tmn sr ‘eighteen’ ~ ts ‘id.’ Lk13.4 E5/34r; E47A20.
— d-tmnt⌘sr ‘eighteenth’ ~ ttsmyq ‘id.’ E27/55v20.
tmswt ‘corruption’: ⌧✏wt✏ w-tmswt✏ ‘filth and corruption’ ~ sym ‘filth’ E26/27r10.
tmr ‘eyelid’ ~ S [m⌦-](✏) ‘id.’ Ps11.4.
̈
tnḥt✏ ‘groans’: see t✏n t✏.
tny p al ‘to repeat, recite’: + symyd✏ ‘to recite the laying on of hands’ ~ *wn-/qt- + ✏frywn ‘to
perform a blessing’ E24c3.23.
— etp el or etpa al pt. (mttn✏, mttny✏) (+ l✏) ‘cannot be told’ ~ prbyr itr. pot. (+ neg.) ‘id.’ E28/
7r16.
— See also tny✏.
tny (√tny) ‘repetition’: twb + ⌘ p p al + d-tny✏ ‘to repeat again a second time’ ~ dbtyq prtw ‘a
second time’ E27/55v16*.
tnn ‘here’ ~ mdy ‘id.’ Mt16.28 E5/127r, Mt17.4 E5/127v* (x2).

— d-tnn ‘of here’ ~ dymy [fcmpd](c)yq ‘of this world’ E28/14v15f.
t byt (√⌧bt) ‘adornment’ ~ py✏t✏qc ‘id.’ 1Tim2.9 E6/18r.
tqyp ‘strong, mighty’ ~ t✏wnty ‘id.’ E27/13v22*, 94v15.
tql etp el ‘to stumble’ ~ 2f qwx ‘id.’ E30/6v5.
— See also twqlt✏.
tqn ap el ‘to prepare, establish’ ~ S *p t✏y/p t✏t ‘id.’ Ps24.2*.
— etpa al ‘to be prepared, be established’ ~ S p t✏ty [↵-] ‘id.’ Creed 4; ≈ pr t✏y ‘to prepare’ E26/
27r24*.
— See also twqn✏.
tr ‘guide, instructor’ ~ r✏ -✏ t✏yny ‘id.’ Gal3.25 E6/3r.
trbyt (√rby) ‘growth’ ~ xw ✏mnty ‘id.’ E27/31v23.
trwnws, trnws (i) ‘throne’ ~ ✏ wq ‘id.’ Mt25.31 E5/125v; E26/23v19; (ii) ‘altar’: see Sogd. s.v.
rwnws.
tr̈yn ‘two’, f. tr̈tyn ~ dw✏ ‘id.’ E5+.
— d-tryn, d-trtyn ‘second, secondly’ ~ dbtyq ‘id.’ Lk12.38 E5/130r, Lk19.18 E5/125r; E27.
— tr̈yhwn ‘the two of them’ ~ xw-dbtyqy ‘both’ E27/60v30.
— tr̈yn tr̈yn ‘two by two, two each’ ~ dw✏ dw✏ ‘id.’ E27/68v7.
— tr̈tyn ‘two (things)’ ~ dw✏ ✏yc ‘two things’ E27/40r5; E28/5r27*, 7v22.
tryn ‘second’ ~ dbtyq ‘id.’ E23.193.
— tryn✏ d-mlkwt✏ ‘second in the kingdom’ ~ dbtyq x ywny ‘second king’ E23.193.
try⌧ ‘upright’ = tr⌧ p al pass. pt.
try yt (√tr⌧) ‘uprightly’ ~ pr r ty✏q ‘in truth, in rectitude’ E27/12v15*.
try wt (√tr⌧) ‘rectitude’ ~ r ty✏q ‘id.’ E27/27v10* (rest.!).
trmyt (√rmy) ‘foundation’: mn tr̈myth d-⌘lm✏ ‘from the foundation of the world’ ~ cn fcmpd
◆ ✏z *pyrnms✏ ‘from before the beginning of the world’ Jn17.24 E5/83r.
trngl ‘cock, rooster’ ~ qt(yw) ‘id.’ E36/3r7.
trnws ‘throne, altar’: see trwnws.
trsy quad. ‘to feed’ ~ 2xwyr ‘to cause to eat’ Mt25.37 E5/126r*.
— quad.refl. ‘to be fed, be sustained’ ~ pd✏rty b- ‘to be sustained’ E27/57r13; ~ xwrt xwr- ‘to eat
food’ E26/30r35*.
— See also mtrsyn✏.
tr ‘door, gate, court’ ~ dbr- ‘id.’ Mt24.33 E5/51v*, Jn20.19 E5/76r*; Ps24.7, 9 (x2); E26/28v7,
31r28, 32v17; E27/60v27, 30, 68r18; E28/8v15*, 10v5*(?).
— tr⌘✏ d-qbr✏ ‘door of a tomb’ ~ sqsy dbr- ‘id.’ E26/32v17.
tr wt (√3r⌘y) ‘reconciliation’ ~ x n✏m ‘id.’ Rom11.15 E6/5v*.
tr yt (√2r⌘y) ‘mind, intellect, thought, thinking’ ~ m✏n ‘mind, intellect’ E27/25r5*, 66r18; ~ m✏r✏
‘thought, thinking’ E27/31r11; E28/7v5.
— nqdwt tr⌘yt✏ ‘purity of mind’ ~ zprt-m✏nqy✏ ‘id.’ E28/12v20.
tr̈ sr ‘twelve’ ~ dw✏ts ‘id.’ Lk6.13 E5/91v; E47A14 (Syr. misspelt trtyn ⌘sr!).
tr sr̈t ‘the Twelve (Apostles)’ ~ dw✏ts ‘id.’ Jn20.24 E5/76v.
tr p al ‘to direct, make straight, set straight’ ~ fry ‘to make straight or flat’ Lk1.79 E5/6v; ~ S
p✏ t✏ny ✏r ‘to keep straight’ Ps5.9.
— p al pass. pt. (try⌧) ‘upright, erect’ ~ sqys✏r ‘upwards, up’ E26/6A2*(?); ~ S r t- ‘right, up-
right, true’ Ps33.1.
— pa el ‘to direct, make straight’ ~ wny ‘to train, direct, correct’ E28/1r20, v14.
— etpa al + ytyr ‘to improve still more’ ~ frtr bwt ✏t wny tỵ ‘becomes better and improves’
E28/12r13.
— See also try⌧✏yt, try⌧wt✏.
̈
t bw⌥t (√ b ) ‘praise, glory’, pl. t bḥt✏ ~ wbty✏ ‘id.’ Lk2.14 E3r; Mt16.27 E5/127r, Lk24.26
E5/72v; Rom6.4 E32/1r; Ps33.1*, 3; E26/23v28, 24r16*, 23; E27; E28/1v11; ~ wbty✏
ptwyd✏mnty ‘offering of praise’ ~ E26/23v28*; ~ nm✏c ‘homage, worship, prayer, office’ E27/
54v29; ≈ wb ‘to glorify’ E26/31r17; ≈ wbty✏ + ptwyd/ptwyst- ‘to offer praise’ E26/24r23;
E27/27v6.
— slq ap el + t bw t✏ ‘to raise (a hymn of) praise’ ~ wbty✏ + ptwyd/ptwyst- ‘to offer praise’
E26/24r21.
t m t (√ m ) ‘service’ ~ sp✏s ‘id.’ Lk10.40 E5/91r, Lk12.42 E5/130v; E27/31v19, 27, 55v29;
E28/3r27; ~ sp✏sy d✏r✏mnty ‘performance of service’ E27/55v23; ≈ sp - ‘to serve’ E26/25r4.
t nyq (√ nq) ‘torment, torture’ ~ z✏ry✏wy ‘id.’ Mt25.46 E5/127r*; E27/68v4.
t , t ⌘✏ ‘nine’ ~ nwmyq ‘ninth’ E27/1r7, 69r23.
— d-t ⌘✏ ‘ninth’ ~ nwmyq ‘id.’ E27/55r25.
t yt (√ ⌘y) ‘story, account’ ~ ✏znt ‘id.’ Lk1.1 E4*; E28/12r1, 14v19; ~ ✏(zn)[t pwst](y) ‘book of
the story’ E24c1.14.
— ktb✏ d-t ⌘yt rbh ‘book of the history of his story’ ~ ✏✏(zn)[ty] pwsty ‘book of the story’ E26/
23r14f.
t sr, f. t ⌘t⌘sr ‘nineteen’: d-t ⌘t⌘sr ‘nineteenth’ ~ nwtsmyq ‘id.’ E27/55v22.
t ry qdym (month name) ‘Former Teshri’: see Sogd. s.v. ry qdym.
tt✏ ‘fig tree’: see t✏t✏.
Numerical letters.
✏ ‘1’ ~ yw ‘one’ E47A1*.
b ‘2’ ~ dw✏ ‘two’ E47A2.
g ‘3’ ~ 2 y ‘three’ E47A3.
d ‘4’ ~ ctf✏r ‘four’ E47A4.
h ‘5’ ~ pnc ‘five’ E47A5.
‘8’ ~ t✏ ‘eight’ E47A8*.
‘9’ ~ 1nw✏ ‘nine’ E47A9.
y ‘10’ ~ ds✏ ‘ten’ E47A10.
y✏ ‘11’ ~ ywns ‘eleven’ E47A13.
English index
The English equivalents given here are not always precisely the same as in the text of the Dictionary,
especially in cases where the translation of a Sogdian phrase given there is literal rather than idiomatic.
Names of persons, places, months and days are in general omitted.
a, a certain yw act, to ⇣w-

a certain one ywtr action rq, qrwn mnty, qty
a certain person dy ywtr, ywtr adapt oneself, to sxs
a little qbnq, qbnw adapted pts ty(?)
a single yw yw to be adapted ptsxs-
2
a single one ywtr add, to bynt, b✓ w
abandon, to wxr, pryc, w c adept qrnwy
abandonment wxr mnty admonish, to p⇣t wn [wn-], p⇣ty-
1
Abb✏ b admonition p⇣t wn
abbess xw⇣tr swqbr nc adoption ↵✓wn-w dqy
abbot ry⇣ wmr , xw⇣tr swqb r adorn, to qr⇣n w ptmync
1
able ty, b wnyq, b wwny adorned pysty
to be able see s.v. 2wn- adornment py t , py t qc
able to hear pt w⇣ny adultery tsy q
3
able to see wyny adultress xrycq
able to speak wy bryny advantage, to wr wn-
not able to speak n -✓ yny advantageous pcycyq, wrq ry
able to walk xyrny advent ys mnty
abominable pcxwd wny advice ✓n -ptnym, ✓ny -ptnymy
abomination pcxwd , pcxwd wnqy advise, to ✓n ⌘br-, ✓ny -ptnymy + wn-
about to pcp n aeons S ⌃cmp⌥t
1
to be about to q m(?) afar dwr, pr cy
about to die pnt-mrc affair rq
about to perish zry⇣-↵sy affect, to prys
above (adv.) cwpr-s r, sq , sq tr, sqy, sqyp r, afflict, to ptzyr, pyz
sqys r to be afflicted ptzyr-
above (prep.) cn ... sqyp r affliction ⇣qwr⌘y
2
absolutely cpd afraid, to be pcqwyr
absolution prm nty after (conj.) cn cywy⌘ py⇣trw qt, cywy⌘
1
absolved pw- w n py⇣trw c nw
to be absolved py ms- after (prep.) cn ... ws r, cn ... prcy, cn ...
abundance rf wy p⇣ys , prcy, p⇣ys
abundant, abundantly rf after that cywnty prcy, cywydy prcy
abuse my q, nmy q, nm wnqy after this cymydy p⇣ys r, cymydy
abuse, to pty⌘y wn- py⇣trw
abusive yn qwc afterwards cywy⌘ py⇣trw, prcy, py⇣trw
abyss zwby again cn dbtyq prwrtw, dbtyq,
1
accept, to pc z dbtyw, fy tr, ms, sq tr, 1tym
acceptable pc ✓nyq against cwpr, pr ... cwpr, pr, ptryt,
2
acceptance pc z, pc z mnty ryty
accidentally pr [yt](y ) against you (sg.) pr f
accompany, to wr ⌘y x-/b-, z wr(y) ⌘br- age wy-
accompanying (adj.) nbntcyq ages S ⌃cmp⌥t
accomplishment spwny q agency brz, brzbry
accord, in psynd rmyq agitate, to S wy⇧
according to pr, w nc nw to be agitated wy⌘rb
1
account znt to become agitated ↵wy✓
2
account, to pcmr- agree, to n w⇣, *ptsynt
accursed nfryty having agreed ws ty
accuse, to rm agreeable s qy, psynd rmyq, xwc-
accustom, to fs c to be agreeable [xw]cy syd
to become accustomed fsxs- agreeing wm n, wptsynty
2
acknowledge, to zn agreement pc z
acknowledgement z n-prsqy (being) in agreement wptsynty
acquaintance, an xwtyxw⇣ty Ahriman ⇣mnw
acquainted with, to be rb- air q c, *bry
acquainted with wars ↵xs- rby alcoholic liquor zwty
acquire, to ⌘fy✓ alight ptsw ty
to be acquired tfxs- alight, to pcpr-
acquisition *tfy✓ mnty alike yw m wn
acquit, to *n -prtw + wn- alive ✓wnty
act rq, qty
378 English index
2
all ty, 1m wn, s t, s tm n, Aramaean rm yq
wysp- archery p ⌘-brx⇣qy
all the more tym (...) fy tr ardent ftnty
allow, to wc argue, to cx-
1
to be allowed wxs- arise, to xz, ptrz-, sn-
allowance pd rty not having arisen n st
alone xwdq r ark tpn
already prwstr arm bz
2
also by, ms armament p⇣t q
altar b n-, mdb⌦ , pw dy, ⌘rwnws armour p⇣t q
alter, to (itr.) pcywfs- armoured mzyn
1
alter, to (tr.) pcywp army *⌦yl , sp d
although c nw, ms c f around (adv.) c f c f wrs, wrs c f c f
altogether cpd , przr, s t ywp tqy, yw around (prep.) p y wr
p ryq, ywp tqy arouse, to w ry⇣
always r mnt arrange, to pts c
3
amass, to wy✓ arrangement pts q
amazed d ty arrive, to pnt *prys, prys
to be amazed d s, 2wyd s arrogance sq m nqy , wrzywy
amazing wyd s wny arrogant wrzyw
ambush p⇣n- arrow p⌘
amen myn, myn w myn artist qrw⇣ny
amidst myd n(y) as c nw, mydc nw, w fyd c nw,
amir (Arabic title) xmyr w nc nw, w nc nw qt, w nc nw
among, amongst srty(?), myd n(y) qy
amputate, to pwx y as a solitary xwdq r
amulet, owner of the pyd r wnd as far as prm, qw ... prm
2
anathema bn⌘ as if qt w nc nw qt, mydc nw,
anchorite *nwkryt w nc nw, w nc nw xyd n x
1
and t, rty, twty, 1yty, ZY as it were q(r)⇣n(y), w nc nw
anew ptnwy as much as w nc nw
angel fry⇣ty ascend, to sn-
anger yp q, yp qbry Ascension sn mnty, swlq
anger, to yp q ny ascetic bty, mpn-bry
angle *qrn ascetic way of life dwbr
angrier yp qbrystr ashamed ⇣f rqty
angry yp qbry to be ashamed fsym, ⇣frs, ⇣ym-
to be/become angry br z, 1↵wy✓, yp q ⇣qr- ashes ↵⇣y
animal, wild animal *dt-, nx⇣yr ask (a question), to ps-, ( )wprs ps-
2
annihilation nyst wy ask (for), to xw✓
announce, to ny⇣ty- asking (noun) psy
2
announcement(?) (written) pyrqwc ἀσσάριον (a small coin) bnt
anoint, to dw assemble, to (itr.) wz
3
answer bnt, p c ny, pcbnt assemble, to (tr.) wy✓
answer, to p c ny wn-, pcbnt br-, pcbn⌘ assembly w zy
⌘br-, pcbnt *wn-, ptbynt, assiduous xwd wny
ptw b assignment b x⇣y
antiphon pyw q assist, to z wr(y) ⌘br-
1 2
any yc, wysp- associate (oneself), to bynt, wr ⌘y x-/b-
any more fy tr, sq tr association wry⌘
anyone dy assured brtwx
without anyone pwnydy Assyrian S ⌥wr ykcyk
1
anything yc astonish, to wyd s-[ w](n)y prbyr
apart byqstr, 1ptyn astonishment 1
wyd s
1
apart from byq, [cn ... ny⇣]qr n, ny⇣qr n astray ↵ybty
cn to lead astray ymp, fny⇣
apathy ptzm ny astrologer smbtsr
apostle pt mbry at cn, 2qw, nbnt, pr
apostolic S pt m⌃rymync at last y m s r, qw y m s
apparition f⌘ys at one time ... at
appear, to sy-, syd, wyn ncyq + b-, another time ... b d ... b d ...
wyn wcyq + *b- at rest pt⇣ dy
appearance wyn mnty to be at rest ⇣pn, byr + pc dty
1
(beautiful) appearance q⇣n at that prywyd
appoint (a time), to x⇣ wn *⌘br- at the feet of p dy c dr, p dy c s r
approach pnt ⇣w[ mnty] at the house of nbnt
approach, to b w, pnt ys, pnt b-, pnt b w, at the moment of myd n(y), 1prw
pnt (...) ⇣w-, pnt xyr, pntq * ys at this prymyd
to cause to approach pnt br-, pnt ... qwn-, pnt ⇣qr- atmosphere qc
2
appropriate s cy attach, to bynt
2
to be appropriate sc to attach oneself bynt, pdwbs-
2
Arab t ✓q ny to be attached bynt
Arabian * rb yq(?) attached bsty
English index 379
2
attain, to by p, prys befall, to pcwz-, prys, ptyt-
1
attaining (noun) by p before (adv.) pyrnm, pyrnmstr
attentive n w⇣ny before (in place) (adv.) ryty
attire n wdn before (conj.) p◆[n]m m t, pyrnms mnt,
audible pyrnmstr m t
2
to become audible pt w⇣ before (prep.) cn ... pyrnms r, cn ...
to make audible pt w⇣ wn- pyrnmstr, pnms cn, pyrnm(?),
Auditor (Manichaean) n w⇣ny pyrnm cn, pyrnms
community of Manichaean Auditors before (in place) (prep.) ngm n, ryty
S n w⇣ ky beforehand cn ftm
authority x⇣ wn to be beforehand pyrnm b-
2
one in authority x⇣ wnd r beg, to xw✓, ⌘b r w✓
to be in authority p tx⇣ wn + b- to beg a favour n d [w✓]
to put in authority p tx⇣ wn + wn- beget, to zn-
to set in authority p tx⇣ wn + xy✓(?) beggary ⌘b r-xw✓qy
authorize, to x⇣ wn *⌘br- begging (adj.) y nbry
2
avenge, to wzms begin, to z
1
await, to pcqs- beginning z
awake w r ty begone! bystr px⇣n
to be awake w rs beguile, to fny⇣
aware brtpd behave, to xyr, ⇣w-
1
to be aware of ptbyd- + pr behold n y, 1ny⇣
away byq-s r, byqstr being (noun) sty wy, 2swq m
away from cn ... byqs r belch nwb (?)
2
awe believe, to wrn-
to stand in awe ⇣frs believer, believing wrnqyn
awesome, awful wy✓pn q, wy✓p wny belittle, to xwy ry (...) wn-
more awful *wy✓p wnystr belly q⌘ ry
awning pr⌘ncn beloved fry-
babbler *w x⇣- ⇣qrny below cpr
baby wrst q situated below c p rcyq
back (noun) prc belt rn
bad b✓yq, nt q beneficence ⇣yr qty , S ⇣yr kty wy
band rwx⇣ benefit frtry
bank zmpy bereft w ry
baptism sn m beseech, to n d br-
candidate for baptism 1nwy beside nbnt
baptismal sn mcyq besiege, to pr✓ync(?)
Baptist sn m-⌘bryny betray, to prbx⇣
baptize, to sn m ⌘br- betrayer prbx⇣ny
to be baptized sn m *pc z, sn my tys betrothal z mty
baptized sn m-byrty betrothed p ⇣y
barbarian brbr yq better frtr, xwptr
barren pw-bry to become better frtr b-
basis m cq between srty(?), myd n(y)
1
battle xs, xwnc beware, to p ty swq-, xs swq-
bazaar w cn beyond w⌘p r
be, to b-, 1myn, swq-, x-, 1xw ‘is’ bilious *trxq⌘ ry(?)
bear, to br-, pc ry, pt w, sxw y, wyt w bill of divorce (xw)[y](cq-q ry) (p)[w](sty)
beast nx⇣yr bill of manumission zty-pwsty
2
beat, to ptnwb, wy⇣qyrd, 3xw(?) bill of servitude bnty-pwsty
beating (noun) d-, 1ptnwb bind, to 1
bynt
beautiful ↵⇣yn ty, *fry b wnqyn, q⇣n w, bird brwz ny, fr wz n̈ , mr -
s rst, x⇣nq- small bird sycy
more beautiful q⇣n wstr birth ✓y mnty
so beautiful w -s rst to give birth (to) zn-
beauty q⇣n, s rsty giving birth (noun) zn mnty
because c nw, c nwt, cymydy pyd r bisected dw -p⇣ynty
w nqt, cywyd pyd r qt/m t, bishop psqwp , pd rny
cywydy pyd r p t, cywy⌘ pc rt office of bishop,
qt, 2qt, 1m t, 1p t, prwty, bishopric psqwpy
prywyd qt, prywyd qyt, bitch dbyc(?)
prywy⌘ p t, prywyd yty biting (noun) *✓yb mnty
because of cn, cn ... pyd r, 1pyd r bitter trxq-
because of that cywy⌘ pyd r, cywy⌘ w x⇣y too bitter w -trqy
pyd r bitterly [pr trxqy]( )q
become, to b-, prwrt bitterness trxqy q
3
to cause to become prwyrt black ⇣w
bed blacker *⇣ wtrystr
2
head of a bed pts r blackness my
1
bee mwx⇣q-(?) blade dr
beeswax nqysr(?) blemish ns
380 English index
bless, to frywn ptwyd, frywn + wn-, buried dx⇣cyq(?)
S ⌃rywn ⌃r- burden prbnty
blessed fryty, frywncyq, fwx r, pr burn, to (itr.) swxs-
frywn burn, burn up, to (tr.) swc
Blessed are they twbyhwn burned pr⌘wty
blessed one fwx r dy/my⌘y burning (adj.) pr⌘ wy, swcnty
more blessed frytystr bury, to ⇣yp, *nqn-, *p⇣pr
richly blessed ryw- xr bushel qpc-
to be blessed frywn pcx⇣-, [ f](r)ywn pty p business brzbry , rq
1
s but p t, prwty, 2ps , py⇣t, 1yw r
blessedness fwx r wy butter wrw n
blessing frywn, fwx r, fwx r wy, 3⇣yry, buy, to xryn
y n⌘b rqy by cn, nbnt, pr, pr ... dstw, pr ...
1
blight y⇣t(?) sr
blind qwr, smynt, 1znt by it cyw, pryw
blinking of an eye c⇣my-nmzy by means of pr ... cwpr, pr ... dstw
bliss ⇣ twxy , 3⇣yry by that 1
prywyd
blood ywxn- by these prymnt
blow, to *2ftm- by this prymyd
blush, to ⇣ym- by those prywnt, 1prywyd
board (a ship), to nyd Caesar qysr
boast, to ⇣n call, to wxwn-, *wydbz-, 1✓ yr
2
boasting ⇣ pyqry to be called n m, 2✓ yr
boat my,nw call out, to wxn, pc yr, pt✓ yr
body ryw, tmp r calling (noun) ✓ yr mnty
of the body, bodily tmb r-myny, tmp rmync calm (adj.) wrmty
bold strzq(?) to become calm wrms
2 1
bond bnt calm (noun) wr m, *wrcy wy
bondage bntqwny can see s.v. 2wn-
bone stq- can be see s.v. b-
book m rdny, pwsty Canaanite kn n yq
1 1
border z candidate for baptism nwy
born, to be ✓y candle dmtyr, *qndyl
2
both by, xwdbtyq candlestick cr -d ry
both ... and ... by ... t ..., by ... by ... canon qnwn
1
bound bsty capable ty
bowel *trxq⌘ ry(?) capable of speech wy bryny
boy zq capital (noun) m cq
branch ⇣x captain sr⌘ng
1
brass rwd captive wnyqcyq
made of brass, brazen rwdny to take captive wnyq wn-
bread n n- captivity *wnyqy
break, to (tr.) wx y, ptry⇣ cardinal point qyr n
2
to be broken wxy, ptry⇣ care *xwsm-brqy , xwysm
to break (a fast) fry m care (for), to prw⌅✓, xwysm br-
to break, break away (itr.) 2 wxy carefully p(r)[ wxd]( )wny
breath fr n carefully chosen pts ty(?)
breathe, to *2ftm- very carefully xwysm-bryny-str
bridegroom b nyp⇣ carry, to br-, pc ry
bridle bd n cast, to *pspy-, p⇣ y
brief w⇣p n, w⇣p n-✓mncyq to cast out ny⇣q w, p⇣ y
briefly brtw cast down frywbty
bright *↵ ry, rwx⇣n-, spyty caster of spells ptsrwmy
brighten, to (tr.) rwx⇣n- *wn- Catholicos q⌘wlyq
brighter rwx⇣nystr cause ptyrn
2 2
bring, to br, ny, pnt br-, pnt ... qwn-, cause, to wn-
pnt ⇣qr-, 2pr ny, pryp, ⇣qr-, to cause to approach pnt br-, pnt ... qwn-, pnt ⇣qr-
tny- to cause to become prwyrt
to bring down wxy✓ to cause to cross over nz ynt
to bring in tny- to cause to disappear *wytyc
to bring near pnt ny to cause to live ✓w
to bring out ny⇣q w to cause to pass over or away ftyr
to bring to nought nyst (...) wn-, w wry wn- to cause to recline *2p⇣yd
3
to bring together wy✓ to cause to rule p tx⇣ wn + wn-
2
to bring up syn, sxw y to cause to stumble qw f⇣qwx s pr ny
1
bringing up (noun) syn cauterization swm
2
broken, to be wxy, ptry⇣ cave bwn
brother (also to refer cease, to nc y, ptrms-
to a monk) br t to cease speaking ptrwx⇣-
build, to dys ceaseless pw- nc n
builder rzy, dysny ceasing nc ny
building (noun) rzyc(?), d⇣tyc celebrate (a divine office), to sp⇣-
bull w celibacy pwrqy
English index 381
celibate (male) pwry to come out ny✓-
cell bwn, qly⌘ , kwr⌦ to come to an end yms, ny✓-
censer *bwdbrn, pyrm to come to know brtpd + *b-
censure *yxs mnty to come to nought nyst b-, w wry b-
censured yxs ty to come to pass b-
2
cessation ncy to come together wz
chalice ks to come up sn-
champion nqyn, qw- comely *fry b wnqyn
chance yty comfort pt⇣ dty , ⌘ty q, xwm r
1
change, to (tr.) pcywp comfort, to ⌘ty q ⌘br-
to be changed pcywfs- comforting xwm rqyn
change, without pw-pcywp comfortable wrcy
chant wxr to make comfortable wrcy d r
chaplain (to the Sasanian king) yzwt(?) comforter *xwm r-w by
chariot wrtn coming (noun) ys mnty
chase out, to f⇣qr- coming down (noun) wxz mnty
chasm z y-qnty, zwby coming to an end (adj.) zry⇣-↵sy
chastity ntqy command frm n
cheek znwq command, to frm y
cherub *krwb commandment frm n
chest tpn relating to the Manichaean
1
chief, chief man sr-, sr⌘ng, sry qyc, xw⇣tr commandments S cx⇣ p⌥yk
2
child ✓wn, qncq, ryncq, tyw q, z q commemoration ptfr w(y)
childhood tyw qy commit, to prdstw wn-, ptwyd, 2wn-
childlike tyw q-mync Communion mystery w⇣t pr z
choose, to wycn- community ncmn, w zy, gw
Christ m⇣y⌦ community of Manichaean
Christian trs q, trs q ny Auditors S n w⇣ ky
of the Christians trs q ny community of the holy zprty (?)
Christianity trs qy companion mr⌘, wr ⌘y
chronicle npx⇣ty company nt c, wrc(?)
church ncmn, b yst n, hykl compatriot * w- wt qcyq, wn fc
pertaining to the church b yst ncyq compel, to ftpy✓, [... n]y s
Church ncmn complain, to ptsyp
cinnabar synqrb complaining (noun) pcyp qc
1
circle wrc(?) complete spty
city qn⌘ completely sptw
belonging to the city qn⌘cyq complete, to spty wn-
city-wall q⌘ m to be completed spty b-
2
clamour, to sxwrd completeness spty q
clay ryq completion spty q, spwny q
cleanse, to sn y compline swb
clear *↵ ry composed brty
clearly mrxw comprehension S *pt r⌃ty
2
cleave, to bynt comprise, to ptqy⇣
clever spr q- compulsion m
cliff ⇣q f conceal, to *p w✓
cloak n wnty conceived, to be S kw ⌃rp⇣wny s r *prys
close to death pnt-mrc conception S ⌃rp⇣wny
closed (of a gate) bsty concern bnt
closely nyx to be a (matter of) concern xwysm + b-/x-
cloth dsprtry, ⇣wynny, wrr to have a concern bnt d r
clothe, to n wynt, ptmync concerning cn, cn ... pyd r, cwpr, pr, pr ...
to clothe oneself ptmync cwpr, 1pyd r
clothed in n wsty concerning her pryw
clothing, clothes n wdn, ptmwq, x ⇣ concerning him/it cyw pyd r
swaddling-clothes xw wnyq concerning me pr m
cloud *pryby concerning that cywyd ... pyd r
coal, coals f⇣my-⇣w, sq r concerning these prymnt
coarse stm(?) concerning this cymyd ... pyd r
cock qtyw concerning those prywnt
2
cognate wqnty conclude, to (tr.) ym
cohabitor wx ny condemn, to wz m
cold srt condemnation wzm, pcb r, pcbrn(?)
collapse pẗ conduct ⇣w mc, ⇣w mnty, ⇣w mnty
collect, to (tr.) * wysn, 3 wy✓ conduct, to pryp, ⇣qr-
to be collected wz confess, to zn
collection * w⇤✓tqy confession z n-prsqy
colour * wnc confessor * z nny
come, to ys, prys confidence w⇣q r-cmqy , * wstqy (?)
2
to come in tys confident brtwx
to come into being ✓y, b- confine, to prqy⇣, ptqy⇣
382 English index
confinement ptq s cover, to wnt, pt wnt
conflagration *↵tr-swcy covet, to rw✓
1
conflict xs, xwnc cow w
conform, to sxs cower, to f⇣n-
conforming s qy cowl qwdy
confounded symy crab qr⇣ng[ (?)
confuse, to symy wn-, S wy⇧ crag ⇣q f
1
confused symy cream pyn
confusion symqwny, ptrystqy , create, to sfryn
1
wy⇣n(?) creation d m, qty wy, sfryn mnty,
congregation ncmn, w zy sfryty, sfrywn
conquer, to wnyq wn- Creator sfrynny
conscience m ny-prm ty creature, creatures d m, *dt-, sfryty, sfrywn
consciousness ptbdy credible *pyrnyq wny
consecration qwd⇣ crier pc yry
2
consent, to n w⇣, nm-, *ptsynt crippled br ty, ⇣qwnt
consenting (adj.) wm n, xwc- cross clyb , pt⇣ng, pt⇣ng-d rwq
consider, to ms wn-, 2d r, myn-, pcmr- cross, to z d, ftyr-, ptyr-
to be considered mynty b- to cause to cross over nz ynt
consign, to prbx⇣ crossing t m
consigning (adj.) prbx⇣nty crowd w zy
consolation ⌘ty q, xwm r, S r⇣twc r crown dydm, ps q
console, to S r⇣twc r kwn- crucifier sxw yny
consoler *xwm r-w by crucify, to pr ptcng *sxw y
consoling (adj.) xwm rqyn to be crucified pt⇣γ̈t *b-
constant bsty cruel ⇣qwr⌘-m ny, ✓ w
constantly r mnt, wyspw n m cruelty ✓w y q
constrain, to nwry✓ wn- crush, to *nxw y
to constrain oneself nwry✓y wn- + ryw(y) cry, to r y, *wydbz-
constraint wytrxty to cry out pt✓ yr, p✓ yr, wxwn-
constricted tr t- cubit rync
construction p⇣t ty cultured fs ty
consubstantial w-nyzny cup wncq, ks , pt d, S kwsy
2
consummator t py wstyny cure, to py m
contempt nm wnqy , nmy q, pty⌘, to be cured py ms-
2
pty⌘y curse bnt, nfrywn
to hold in contempt pty⌘(y) d r cursed nfryty
contemptible my-, ryncwq-m ny curtain pr⌘ynq
contend, to cx- custom dyq
contending (adj.) cx ty customary dyqcyq, dyqmyc
content (adj.) wrcy cut off, to pwx y
contentious strzq(?) cutting off (noun) pwx y mnty
contest xwnc Dailam, belonging to *dylwm yq, dylwmy
2
continue, to bynt, b✓ w daily nwrycy
contrition nm ny damage rytry , ✓q-
contrive, to ny⇣yc dare, to rxn-
convenient pcynyq dark (adj.) t ry, t rymync
convent b yst n darkness, dark (noun) t rqwny, t ry
conversation sfr cy of darkness t rymync
conversation of the old men mmll dsb̈ daughter *dw t-
converse mbnt, wyry⌘ mnty dawn b m, b mcny, b msn
conversion *zwrt mntqy , zwrt mnty of the dawn b mcyq, b msnyq
cook, to pc- dawn, to wyws
2
Coptis teeta w myr n(?) day my⌘, my⌘qry
corner *qrn day (of the month) s t-
corporeal tmb r-myny, tmp rmync deacon ⇣m ⇣
corpse frwrt dead, dead (man) mwrty
correct wyzr- deadness mwrt wy
correct, to wny✓ deaf qrn
correction wn⌅✓ mnty deaf-mute qt
corrupted, to be pws dear fry-
corruption ns most dear frystr
counsel ✓n -ptnym, ✓ny -ptnymy , to hold dear fry- d r, fry- ny t, fry- *pcx⇣-
S n⌃yr very dear, dearest of the dear *fry n-frytm
to take counsel nbyr death mrc
count, counting (noun) sq close to death pnt-mrc
count, to pcmr- death sentence mrcy bnt m
countless pw-pcm r dust of death S *mrcxwrm
country wt q, *n fcy putting to death (noun) ptxwng
course r ⌘y ⇣w mc, ⇣w mc, ⇣w mnty, to put to death ptxw y
⇣w my death (euphemism) ny✓ mnty, ny✓y
court dbr-, qzyt-(?) debt pwrc
1
covenant p⇣t wn debtor pwrc wnt
English index 383
deceased mwrty devastate, to qsqnty qwn-
1
deceit prdbn, rx devil dyw
without deceit pw-prdbn Devil ⇣mnw
deceive, to fny⇣ devilish dyw ⇣tync, ⇣mnq nny
to be deceived *fny⇣- devise, to ny⇣yc
deception ympn, fn s devoid w ry
deceptive rx-qryny devote oneself, to wry⌘ d r
decide, to m ny wsty, nbyr dew S nmpy
declare, to *ny✓ y, prbyr diadem dydm
to be declared righteous rt w [b-?] die, to mrc *pc z, mwr̈t x-, myr-,
to declare righteous rt w ⇣ty ptwyd + rw n
decline rytry about to die pnt-mrc
decree, to w x⇣ *pwx y to die (euphemism) ⇣pn, wfs, ftyr-
deed rq, qty difference of opinion dw ywx -qy
of deeds qty mync different ywxsty
deep *n ywq difficult ✓ w
very deep *w -nywqst more difficult ⇣qwr⌘tr, ⇣xystr
deer S wẓ-n- difficulty wty
defence ptst t diffused, to be ⇣y⇣-
deficiency qmpwny to be diffused (of an odour) *pcq f(?)
defiled, to be ptx⇣ybs- dig, to qn-, mr z ⇣w-
delay pstn- to dig out qn-
delay, to wy✓t (...) wn- digging out (noun) qn mnty
delicious bwd-xwrty, xwc- diligence xwd wny
delight ⇣ twxy diligent xwd wny
1
delight in, to q m + pr, pcq m + pr to be diligent xwd wny wn-
delighted ⇣ twx diligently p(r)[ wxd]( )wny
delighting in q mnty + pr diminish, to qmpy ys, psyd-
deliver, to wx⇣, zrync diminution xwy ry
to deliver up prbx⇣, ptwyd direct, to wny✓, S p ⇣(t ny )⌥ r
deliverance wx⇣, zrnq direction qws, qyr n
demand xw✓ mnty dirt rym
1
demon dyw disappear, to wytwxs-
demon-like *dyw-m nwq to cause to disappear *wytyc
demonstrate ⇣t y disappointed mbst-ry✓y
denarius qysrq n discerning ywxnq-ptz ny
depart, to ftyr-, ny✓- discernment ywx y mnty
departure ny✓ mnty, ny✓y disciple ✓wx⇣q-
dependent frm n-pt w⇣y discipline ⇣w⇣n-p yqy
deposit zyny discourse m mr , wy brty
deposit, to wsty discover, to byr
1
deprive, to pr y✓ discovery byr mnty
2
to be deprived pr y✓ discrimination, lack of ptrystqy
depth c dr wy, nywq wy disease r f, rwq, xwyc
derision *frqrnt qc(?) disgrace my q, pcb r, pcbrn(?),
descend, to wxz pcxwny, pty⌘, pty⌘y
descent wxz mnty disgraced my-
describe, to qrw⇣ dish pyls
desert dx⇣t- dishonour pty⌘y
belonging to the desert dx⇣t cyq, dx⇣tyq dishonour, to pty⌘y wn-
desertion wxr mnty disinclination ptzm ny
desirable rw⇣ wny, ry✓y n disinclined nwry✓qyn
to be desirable w-, 2ry✓ disintegrate, to pwtqy b-
2
desire q m, rw✓ty , 1ry✓ disintegration pwtqy(?)
2
lack of desire nwry✓y dismiss, to f⇣ m, w c
without desire S *pwryz-y n y(?) disobedient n -n w⇣ny, pwywq
1
desire, to q m, rw✓ disown, to pstw- + pr
not desiring *n -q m dispensation pd rnqy
2
to be desired ry✓ display, to ⇣t y
desirous cyn wt disreputable xwy r
despairing pyt- wt disrepute xwy ry
despise, to pty⌘(y) d r, pty⌘y wn- dissension dw ywx -qy
despised my- distance dwr wy, 1z y(?)
to be despised pty⌘(y) b- distant dwr
2
destroy, to y m, frqrnt, qn-, nyst (...) distinction ywx q
wn-, 2ny⇣, pny⇣, w wry wn- distinguish, to ywx y
to be destroyed nyc b-, nyst b-, ny⇣-, wytwxs- distraction y b qc
to destroy utterly nyst nyst qwn-(?) distress ntwxc, b✓ xwty , ⇣qwr⌘y ,
destroying (adj.) w wry-qryny tr z ywny
destruction qn mnty, S ẓr y⇣(?) distress, to ntwxc ny, ntwxc xwyr,
destructive ny⇣ny ntwxcn q wn-
devalue, to *xwy r prwyrt distressed ntwxcn q, b✓ xwq, tr z y
384 English index
to be distressed ntwxc b-/x- + gen./obl., dweller mynny
ntwxc xwr- dwelling (noun) myn mnty, sqw mnty, 2swq m,
distressing (adj.) b✓ xwq sy q, ⇣yqn, 1x n
distribute, to bx⇣- one who shares a dwelling wx ny
distribution b x⇣y, S n⌃ x⇣[ each wysp-, yw yw
district mzr (?) each one yw ywtr
disturb, to S *2n y(?), S pc w eagerly [pr] cyn wty
1
dive, to mpt, sn y ear w⇣
diver *sn qty(?) earth fcmbd, xwrm, 1z y, zmyx
divest oneself, to fr mnc belonging to the
divide, to ywx y earth, of the earth fcmbdcyq, z ycyq
divided, divided into two parts dw yxw q, dw -p⇣ynty (habitable) earth ftqy⇣pw
divine b nyq earthenware sfsqnt
divinity b y qy earthly fcmbdcyq, z ycyq
divorce, bill of (xw)[y](cq-q ry) (p)[w](sty) earthquake nwb, z y-⇣ny
2 1
do, to wn- ease ptr⇥m, pt⇣ dty , xwy ry
to be done qyr- easier pc dy-str
to do battle cx- easily xwy r
doctrine dyn, ywq east xwrsn
document pwsty Easter qym⌘
doer of iniquity pd tqry eastern direction xwrsnqyr n
doer of righteousness ⇣yr qty -qry easy xwy r
1
doff, to fr mnc eat, to xwr-, xwrt xwr-
dog qwt- to eat one’s fill mprt xwr-
3
doing (noun) qty wy eating (noun) xwrt
doing wrong (adj.) pd tqry for eating xwrtcyq
dominion p tx⇣ wny , x⇣ wn, xw⇣try eating one’s fill (adj.) mprt-xw r
done, to be qyr- eating one’s fill (noun) mprt-xw ry
donkey xr- ecclesiarch (title of a church official) *ry⇣ dt
door dbr- Ecclesiastes qwhl⌘
double dw -zng n eclipsed, to be nyms-
double-tongued dybzb qy ecstatic wry
doubt wm ncny , db m nqy edifice d⇣tyc
1
doubtful wm ncn effort ntwxs, mpn, xwysm
dove qpwtyc Egyptian *mcryncyq
down, downwards c dr-s r eight ⇣t
drag, to x⇣ eighteen ⇣ts
dragon y nyc(?) eighteenth ⇣ttsmyq
draw, to (= to picture) qrw⇣ eighth ⇣tmyq
draw, to (= to pull) x⇣ eighty ⇣t t
not drawn (from a well) n -pxw⇣t either ... or ... qd ... qd ...
to draw back nx⇣ elder xw⇣tr
to draw near to bw elect, to wycn-
to draw towards evening wrst Electus (Manichaean) dynd r
dream xwbn- element mrd spnt
drenched mwrsty eleven ywns
dress, to n wynt eleventh ywntsmyq
drink *c⇣nt q, c⇣nt embassy *✓ nty
without drink *pw-c⇣nt ember sq r
1
drink, to xwr-, pc⇣- embitter, to S [
1
to drink (the blood of Christ) pc z(?) emirate xmyry
to drink (the cup of martyrdom) pcx⇣- emit, to ny⇣q w
to enable to drink c⇣nt xwyr empire x⇣ wn
drinker c⇣nxw r emptiness pw zwny, w rqwny
drive out, to p⇣qyr- empty pw zy, w ry
drop ⇣y⇣q- enable to drink, to c⇣nt xwyr
drown, to (tr.) †sdxwr[s]n encompass, to wrs *prwy-
dry *⇣wq- encourage, to xwsyd
dry land ⇣qwpn- encouragement xwsyd mnty
1
dry up, to (itr.) p⇣w⇣-, ptw s end ym
2
drying up (noun) *p⇣w⇣ qc to put an end to ym
dumb q t, n -✓ yny end of a prayer when
duplicitous dybzb qy the voice is raised qnwn
duplicity dybzb qy endless pwny m
during cn ... ms , qw ... prm, prm endure, to br-, *f⇣y-, pc ry, pt w, wyt w
dust xwrm enemy n ⇣yr wzy, pty ry, s n
dust of death S *mrcxwrm spiteful enemy ✓wyrny
made of dust xwrmny engender, to zn-
what is of dust xwrmynqy enlighten, to rwx⇣ny q d r, rwx⇣ny q ⌘br-,
duty pcyty rwx⇣n- *wn-
dwell, to nc y, 1myn, nyd, swq-, enlightenment rwx⇣ny q
S myn pr ⌥ys enmity pty r, *s n , s n wty
dwelling nsty of enmity s nʾ̈w -mync
English index 385
enquiry pdyb rcy , psy more excellent ⇣y tr
enraged very excellent w -p r zt
1
more enraged br ztr except byq, ny⇣qr n cn, 1yw r
enslave, to frm n-pt w⇣y *wn- excessive przr
enslaved frm n-pt w⇣y excrement nqysr(?)
2
enter, to tys excuse me! ⇣bwqly
enthusiastic ftnty executioner p⌘wx yny, rwcp n
entice, to ↵rdyw, fny⇣ exercise, to mp
enticement ympn exert oneself, to fs-
1
entrance tys exertion mpn
entreat, to pcqwy- exile *wnyqy
entreating (adj.) y nbry existence sty wy
entreaty n d , pcqw n Exodus (Book of) mpqn
to make entreaty n d br- expedient wrq ry
entrust, to prdstw wn-, 1pyr expel, to f⇣qr- (±bys ), ny⇣q w
2
envy mng expenses pc z
Epiphany dn⌦ , wyt p mnty experience, experiment prm qycq
1
equal, equable ty experience, to *prm y, ptbyd- + pr
err, to * yfs, *fny⇣- expert brtpd
error fn s explain, to prbyr, wycyr
eschewal dwr wy explanation wycyr mnty, wydb ,
especially tym (...) fy tr *xwycq wy
establish, to wsty, pr⇣t y expose publicly, to S nkm n kwn-
estrange, to pwyrt exposed to view wyd◆sntnyq(?)
eternal yqwncyq, nw⇣y to be exposed *wydbxs-
eternal life nw⇣c ✓w n extend, to fry✓
of eternal life nw -✓w ncyq, nw⇣y- to extend (a hand) fyr
✓w nmync extended fr⇣ty
of the eternal God nw⇣y-b nyq to be extended *wydbxs-
eternity nw⇣qy external byqp rcyq
since eternity cn yqwn ms extinction ⇣ m[(?)
Eucharist qwrbn , r z extreme, extremely przr
Evangelion wnglywn exultant, to be wry b-
even ms, ms z m, z m exultation wry q
not even ms z m + neg. eye, eyes c⇣m-, dym
even if ms c f eyelid S *m⇧-
evening by ry face ↵wzry(?), dym, p z, ptq r ,
of the evening by rcyq ptq ry, ryt
to draw towards evening wrst faded prf ty
ever qd c fail, to psyd-
for ever y m pn, yqwn prm, qw y m failing (noun) S ps y⌥w
1
prm, qw yqwn prm faith wrn-
for ever and ever qw yqwn yqwn prm lack of faith mnt-wrnqy
everlasting yqwncyq lacking faith mnt-wrny
every wysp- loving faith fry-wrny
everyone s t wyspw dy, wysp- dy, of faith (adj.) wrnw-mync
2
wyspw, wyspw mrtxmy, to have faith wrn-
wyspw xwny faithful prm n, wrnqyn
for everyone (adj.) s tm nc n⌅ fall mpstqy , 2 mpt, pẗ
1
everything s t yc, wyspw yc fall, to mpt, wpt, 2ryz
everywhere w(y)sprd wy qy to fall asleep wfs
1
everywhere that wysprd wy qy qw to fall down mpt, wpt
evident wyn wcyq falling (noun) mpstqy , 2 mpt
1
evil (adj.) b✓-, b✓yq, nt q falling down (noun) ryz
evil (noun) b✓-, b✓yq, nt q, nt qy , rytry false witness (person) ✓ m-wycwy
evil deeds qrm false religion *ptqwn-dynqy
evil-doing (adj.), evil-doer b✓ng ry, nt qry falsehood ✓ m-
evil-doing (noun) nt q qty family qnt, qwtr, txm-, txm nc
ewe my⇣ belonging to the same family wqnty
exact wycrt famine w n-
exalt, to ry famous n mcyq, n mqyn
to become exalted ptrz- fang * swr
exaltation r ty fans mr⌦ẅ⌘
examination xwz mnty far dwr, pr cy
2
examine, to xwz being far (noun) dwr wy
examiner xwzny in so far as prywyd qt, prywyd qyt,
example dysn prywyd yty
excellence ftry qy , ⇣ nwxy , x⇣nqʾ̈w farm worker b d ry
excellency (also as an fashion *ptzbwrty q
honorific title) ftry qy fashion, to pr⇣t y, pwx y, pwx⇣t
excellent srcyq, ⇣ nwx, ⇣yr-, ⇣yr wny, fashioner dysny
x⇣nq-, ✓ m fashioning (noun) pwx y mnty
386 English index
fast, fasting (noun) p⇣ first of all yw pyrnmstr
fast, to p ⇣ p y, zy p sqw- first-born (child) S * prtmẓy n
fasting (adj.) zy p fish qp-
2
fat (noun) crp fit, to be pc y
fated fitting (adj.) pcyty, s cy
(may it) not (be) fated! n bxt five pnc
father ptr- five hundred pncst
my father (respectful fix, to wy⇣qyrd
form of address) S (t)[ ]m flame db n
Father (honorific title) b flank qw⇣y-
1
fathom bz flash, to fr⌘yp, rwx⇣t
fault wn flat mrx-
without fault pw- myq to make straight or flat fry✓
favour y n, y n⌘b rqy flavour zb b
fear *dbn-, 1pcqwyr, w✓p- flax y ywmb
without fear pw-dbn flee, to pry✓, t⇣
2
fear, to pcqwyr fleeing (noun) pry✓ mnty
fearing, one who fears trs q flesh tmp r, y ty
feast m, 3xwrt of the flesh tmp rmync
feed, to prw⌅✓, xwrt *⌘br-, 2xwyr flight pry✓ mnty
feel, to pcmrws, ptbyd- + pr flock S rmy
1
feeling ptbyd mnty flour rty
fellow mr⌘ flow, flowing (noun) rw⇣ mnty
2
fellow-traveller wr ⌘y flow, to rw⇣
fellowship wpty pqy fly, to frwz-
female stryc to fly up zwz-
fence pryt flying (adj.) fr wz n̈
fervent ftnty foal of a donkey xwt q
fervour *ftntqy fog my
festival m, mty m ...-fold yw pr + num.
2
fetch, to br, ny, pryp folk nf
2
fetter bnt, pcqrd follow, to S ⇣krcy [⌃-]
few qbn-, qbnq following (adj.) ny⇣y(?)
Fie! folly mnt rb qy
field dyx w font wzn
fiend yq⇣- food xwrc q, 3xwrt
fiery tryny without food *pw-xwrt
fifteen pnc ts foolish mnt rb q, *yxwnq-n -ptz ny
1
fifteenth *pnctsmyq foot p d, pd-
fifth, fifthly pncmyq at the feet of p dy c dr, p dy c s r
fiftieth day *pnc s (?) foot-soldier pdbry
fifty pnc s footstep wx q
fifty-first S *51-myk footwear qf⇣-
2
fifty-first day yw-pnc s for (conj.) qt, 1m t, 1p t, prwty, 1yty, ZY
fig ncyr for (prep.) cwpr, qw ... s (r), pcrw, pr,
1
fight, to cx- pyd r, s r
fill mb r for ever y m pn, yqwn prm, qw y m
fill, to pwrn- wn- prm, qw yqwn prm
filth drtyc, mntzprty , spny, sym for ever and ever qw yqwn yqwn prm
filthiness pcxwd wnqy for him -⇣
filthy *pw b wny for it cyw pyd r
filtration *pr✓wn(?) for my sake c m pyd r
final y mcyq for that qywy⌘ ... s r
finally y m s r, qw ym s for the sake of cn ... pc rt, cn ... pyd r, 1pyd r
find, to byr for the sake of this cymyd ... pyd r
to find rest byr + pc dty for these prymnt, prymyd
finding (noun) byr mnty for those qywy⌘ ... s r
1
fine ✓m for us mx
finery py t for which qwts r
2
finish, to (tr.) ym for you (pl.) ⇣m x
to be finished yms forbid, to prxwn
to finish (a fast) fry m force m, z wr
2
to finish off ym force, to ftpy✓
fire tr, *↵tr-swcy ford t m
of fire tryny forehead cq t
fire-brand tr-swq foreign, foreigner w mn fc, w my
fire-temple tr•[ ](?) foreignness *w mn fcy
firewood zm- foreman z wpt(?)
firm yc t, ⇣x-, xs, xwyzy forest mr
to hold firm yc t d r forget, to fr wcqy ... (q)wn-
firmament x⇣ymprty, S *⌥⌃rty forgive, to prm nty wn-, w c
first (adj.) ftmcyq, pyrnmcyq forgive me! ⇣bwqly
first, at first, firstly (adv.) ftmw, pyrnm, pyrnmstr forgiveness prm nty
English index 387
forgiver prm nty -qryny gather, to (itr.) wz, twdy *b-
3
fork rbn gather, to (tr.) wy✓
1
form q⇣n gear ptnym
having the same form * w-q⇣n̈ general (of an army) sp dpt
form, to (tr.) pwx y, pwx⇣t(?) generation qwtr, wy-
formation pwx y mnty gentile rmq n(y)
former (adj.) pyrnmcyq, pyrnmstr gentle nmr-
fornication xrwny gentleness tny
fornicator xrycq genuflexion *mtwny
forsake, to wxr get lost, to pys(?)
1
fortress dyz- get up, to xz
fortunate frnxwnty, fwx r getting up (noun) xz mnty
1
fortune frn ghost wt
forty ctfrs gift nm cq n, r t, ⌘b r
foster-parent zynbr girl z q nc
fosterer p rny give, to ptwyd, ⌘br-
foul pwtqry to give birth (to) zn-
foulness nt to give life to ✓w
1
foundation z, pd-, *pt⇣ty- to give rest pt⇣ dy wn-
four ctf r to give thanks zn
1
fourteen ctf rs giving (noun) ⌘b r, ⌘br mnty, S ⌥⌃r yn ky
fourth, fourthly ctf rmyq giving birth (noun) zn mnty
fraud prdbn glad xwsnt
free ztq m, * ztpw q(?), zty, gladden, to S ⇣ t(wx)[ kwn-]
xwycq gloom my
exercising free will ztq m glorify wb
freed, to be zty + b- glorious frn-byrty, wbty
freedom ztq my , ztwny more glorious wḅ̇tr
frenzy ↵rw tqy so glorious *w - wbty
friend fry-, pnt dy, pnt mrty, glory frn, r ty , wbty , ⇣wb⌦
⇣yrxwzy having obtained glory frn-byrty
friendship ⇣yrxwzqy glory, to ⇣n
frivolous ryncwq-m ny gnash (the teeth), to ✓ wrd
from cn, cn ... ws r, cn ... ms , cn ... gnashing of teeth dnty-⇣q f
sr go, to ⇣w-, tr-, wytr-, xyr
from above cn sqy (q)[yr n] to go about or around prwrt
from him cyw to go astray * yfs
from me cm to go away bystr px⇣n, ny✓-, xyr
from that cywnt, cywy⌘, cywy⌘ ... ms to go down wxz
2
from these cymnt to go in tys
from this cymnt, cymyd to go out ny✓-, xyr
from those cywnt to go up sn-
from time to time bdbd goad, to xd
from which? cqn goal x⇣nyrq
from you (sg.) cf goat bz-
front pz God, god lh , b -
in front (of) ryty of God b nyq
fruit brw, m dy pertaining to the
fruit-bearing, of fruit m dmync will of God bg nyqry✓-mync
fruitless pw-bry God Almighty yl⇣d
fuel zm- God, Father of mercy lh b *dr̈⌦m
fulfil, to spty wn- God forbid! ⌦s, n bxt
to be fulfilled spty b- godhead b y qy
fulfilment spty q, spwny q going (noun) ⇣w mnty
full pwrn- gold zyrn
to become full mprt xwr-, mprt-xw r b- gold brocade zyrnwfc
full of tears pwrn-cwq good ⇣yr, ⇣yr-, ⇣yrq, ⇣yrqty
full-grown, to become xw⇣ ty *b- what is good ⇣yrq, 3⇣yry
3
fullness S pwrn wy good things ⇣yry
furnace tpn goodness *⇣yr q(?), ⇣yr qty , 3⇣yry
2 3
furrow ⇣wt (?) goods ⇣yry
further *dwrtr, fy tr, sq tr Gospel wnglywn, mw✓tybrqy ,
1
furthermore tym mw✓ty-bryny pwsty, mw✓ty-
future pcp ncyq cy q
gag rwx⇣ governor mrzp ny
gain, to ⌘fy✓, wr wn- governor of a prison [xw](⇣)tr bntypy
Galilean glyl yq grace ⇣yr qty , y n⌘b rqy
garden b , bwstn, prdyz gracious ⇣yrqty
gardener b d ry grain tb r (?), ⌘fng
garment n wdn, ptmwq, x ⇣ grandson npy⇣n
garrulous rf-✓ yny gratification pt⇣ dty
gate dbr- gratitude, worthy of bzncyq
388 English index
grave (adj.) ✓ w harshness ✓w y q
grave (noun) sqsy, z y-qnty haste, hastening (noun) p⌘f r, swd mnty
great r n, rf, mzyx, mzyx-s q, in haste swdn
stm, wntn to make haste pr tr w p⌘f r tz
1
how great c f, cntn hastily pr tr w p⌘f r
so great w f, wntn hate, to ✓y⇣t- ny s, ✓y⇣ty d r, S ⇧-y⇣ty
very great przr, wntn *kwn-/kt-
greater fy tr, mzy tr hated, hateful ✓y⇣t-, ✓y⇣t wny
greatly ✓ w hater n ⇣yr wzy
greatness mzyxs qy , mzyxy hatred qyn, ✓y⇣twc
Greek *ywn yq haughty wrzyw
greet, to dwrt ⌘br- to be haughty ptrz-
greeting (noun) dwrt- haunch ⇣wn-sry
2
grief ntwxc, m r wty , xw c have, to dr
2
grieved ntwxcn q to have faith wrn-
grieving (adj.) m r wt to have mercy z rysy-
1
grievous ⇣qwr⌘, ✓ w he xw, xwny
1
groan, to wts head sr-
groaning (noun) wt s qc of the head, belonging to the head srcyq
1 2
ground zy head of a bed pts r
2
group nt c heal, to py m, py m ⌘br-, ✓wq *wn-
3
grow, to w⇣-, 2rwd to be healed mbrwd, py m byr, py ms-
3 1
to grow up w⇣-, xw⇣ ty *b- healing (noun) py m, ✓wqy
growth xw⇣ mnty health dwrt-
grub wywyc healthy ✓wq
grumbling (noun) ⌘wnt qc(?) heap twdy
2
guard ry hear, to n w⇣, 1pt w⇣
on guard p ty able to hear, hearing pt w⇣ny
guard, to yc t d r, 2d r, p y, xs d r to be heard 2
pt w⇣
guardian frm n-d r, ry hearer pt w⇣ny
guarding (noun) p y mnty Hearer (Manichaean) n w⇣ny
3
guest ywp zy hearing (noun) pt w⇣, pt w⇣ mnty
guide r ⌘- ⇣t yny, r ⌘t q heart m n, ✓y wr
guilty of the heart, belonging
not guilty *n -prty to the heart ✓y wrcyq
gush out, to xwb purity of heart zprt-✓y wrqy
habit (= custom) dyq, fs q heartless *pw-✓y wr
habitable earth ftqy⇣pw heat rm wy
habitation wmr- heathen rmq n(y), rmq n-mync
habitual dyqcyq, dyqmyc heathendom rmq ny
haemorrhoids rsx heaven sm n, w⇣tm x
hair ✓w- heavenly, of heaven sm ncyq, w⇣tm xcyq
hair (of the head) wrs heavenly kingdom w⇣tm x
half nymy what belongs to the
half healthy (‘half alive’?) nym✓wq (heavenly) kingdom xw⇣ywnqy -mcy
Hallelujah hllwy heaviness r n wy
hand dst- heavy rn
2
on the other hand ps hedge pryt
2
to lay one’s hands upon s dstb r heed, to n w⇣
hand over, to prdstw wn- heel p⇣n
handiwork dstwb ry height *sq wy
handkerchief dsprtry heights sq r⌘t
handmaid dy heir ptrq n-xw r(y), wy⇣p⇣y
handwriting S ⌥stw⌃ry heirloom py⇣-wz y
happen, to b-, 2ptyfs, ptyt- held, to be nyms-
to happen upon pcwz- + pr hell tm-
happiness ⇣ twxy hellish, of hell tmcyq
happy ⇣ twx, xwsnt help z wr
hard ⇣x-, ✓ w help, to z wr(y) ⌘br-, S mr ẓ ⌃-
hard-hearted ✓w m ny helper mr z
hard-heartedness ⇣xm nqy (female) helper wmr z nc
harem y⇣qty her -⇣, 1⇣w, 1⇣y, 1wy , xyp⌘
harm b✓yq, ⇣yp, rytry , wyd b, ✓q- concerning her pryw
1
to cause harm ⇣yp wn- to her ⇣y
harm, to rytry [wn-], wyd b ... wn- herald zt qry, pc yry
harmed wyd bqyn herb rwr-
harmful ⇣ypq ry, * y⇣ypqyn, ptyrq r̈ herd S p tk
harmony yw-s tm ny here mdy, m⌘p r
harp wyn which is here mdycyq
harsh ⇣qwr⌘, ⇣qwr⌘-m ny, ⇣x-, ✓ w, hero qw-
✓w m ny heroism qwy q
harsher ⇣qwr⌘tr, ✓w tr- hesitation db m nqy
harshly sqrb hidden p wzy
English index 389
1
hide, to (tr.) *p w✓, pt wnt how many, how much cf
to hide oneself p w⇣ty ⇣w- how much more c f fy tr, yw c f
high sq huge db z
very high, most high *w brzt human mrtxmy, mrtxmync, z ycyq
higher ptr⇣tr-, sq tr, sqyp r humanity mrtxmqy
1
him w, 1⇣w, 1⇣y, 1wyny, xwny humble, humbled my-, nyznt
concerning him cyw pyd r humiliation my wy
for him -⇣ humility nyznty
from him cyw hundred stw
in him pryw hundred and fifty *stw-pnc s
to him qyw s , 1⇣y, 1wyny hunger dbz-, w n-, 1w⇣nt
on account of him cyw hungry w⇣nty, w⇣wq
through him, upon him pryw to be hungry, to hunger w⇣nty *x-, w⇣-
2
with him dyw prw hunt down, to p⇣qyr-
hind S wẓ-n- hurry, to (itr.) pr tr w p⌘f r tz, swd, tz, ✓ rt
hinder, to pcxw y swdn *xyr
hindrance pcxw q, wytrxty hurrying (adj.) swdn
hire prxy husband wyr-
hire, to ptxryn husk nyd m, *✓wb
hired worker, hireling xy r hyena bt r
1
his ⇣y, 1wyny, xyp⌘ hymn mdr⇣
hit, to pyz hypocrisy ptryt-nm nqy , *ptryt-nm ny
hither mrts r I zw
hold, to s, 2d r, ny s, pcx⇣- I am who I am ↵hyḣ ʾ̇ṧr hyḣ
to be held nyms- icon ptq r
to hold back pcxw y identity of nature *pw-ywxng-nyznwy(?)
to hold dear fry- d r, fry- ny t, fry- *pcx⇣- idle nc ny
to hold firm yc t d r idol ptq ry, ptqry
to hold in contempt pty⌘(y) d r idol-worship *ptqry-sp sqy
to hold up ptry✓ idol-worshipper ptqry-sp sy
1
hole bwn if qd , 1qt
holiness w⇣wxy , zprtcyqy , zprty if (introducing an unreal condition) qt
holy w⇣wx, zprt, zprtcyq if perchance qdb t
community of the holy zprty (?) ignorance mnt rb qy , mnt-ptz nqy ,
Holy! qdy⇣ mnt-ptzny
holy day m ignorant mnt rb q, mntptz ny
holy one zprt dy ill r fq w, xwycn q
Holy Spirit zprt w t ill-wisher ✓wyrny, n ⇣yr wzy
of the Holy Spirit zprt-w t-mync, illness r f, xwyc
zprt-w tmyny illusion fn s, frwy
homage nm c illustrator qrw⇣ny
homomorphic * w-q⇣n̈ image (of a heathen deity) ptq ry, ptqry
honey S nkwpyn image (of God) ptq ry
honeycomb S *npy⇣ imagine, to myn-
honour * y✓nty , ptby-, p⌘fr-, x⇣nqʾ̈w , immeasurable n -ptm qcyq
zpry q immediately p dy wy qy, pr psyt, pr wy q,
honour, to zpry q ⇣t y, zpry q wn- ywny, ywn(y) pr wy q
honourable r n, *p ⇣cn, x⇣nq-, zpry qyn immediately upon myd n(y)
honoured r n, zpry qcyq, zpry qyn, S immense rn
pt⌃yw-cyk immerse, to †sdxwr[s]n
1
hope wt imminent pcp n, pcp ncyq
having lost hope, hopeless pyt- wt immortal n -myryny, nw⇣y
2
hope for, to ↵wt implant, to n⇣yd
2 1
horn sr- implement ptnym(?)
horse sp- importance mzyxs qy
horse-racing spy-swd mnty important mzyx-s q
Hosanna w⇣ n imprison, to ptqy⇣
host (multitude) nt c, *⌦yl , qrtr imprisonment ptq s
host (inn-keeper) spncqn improper mntxwpy
2
hostel tym improve, to wny✓
hour n m improvement frtry , frtrwny
1
canonical hour * dn impulse (mental) wyc, wyc mnty
1
house xn impure mntzprt
at the house of nbnt impurity myq, mntzprty , rym
house of bondage bntqty(?) in cwpr(?), cyntr, cyntrp r, cys r,
2
house of God pw dy qw, pr, pr ... cyntr
1
household qty q in as much as c f, c f qt, c fyd
household member x nycyq in front (of) ryty
how? c wny, c n, c nw, 1c ny, cw, in haste swdn
pr c wnc fr n , pr cw fr n in him pryw
1
how great c f, c -mzyx, cntn in it pryw, wdy
how long? qw prm in me pr m
390 English index
1
in no way yc + neg. instrument (stringed instrument) S xyz- ykh
in place of pcrw insufflate, to *2ftm-
in so far as prywyd qt, prywyd qyt, insult, to nmy q wn-
prywyd yty intellect, intelligence m n, ⇣y
2
in that (conj.) qt, 1m t, prywyd qt, prywyd intellectual b⇤r-ptz ny
qyt, prywyd yty, 1yty, ZY intercourse wry⌘
1
in that (dem.) prywyd (sexual) intercourse wpty py
2
in the presence of ngm n, cn ... pyrnms r, nbnt, interdict bnt
pyrnm(?), pyrnms , ryty interest (financial) wr-
in them prywnt intermediate myd ncyq
in these prymnt, prymyd internal, internally cyntrcyq
in this prymyd interpretation ny⇣qrt, wydb
in this manner cymyd xw n, cywy⌘ xw n interpreter *mp⇣qn , wydb -qryny
in those prywnt, 1prywyd interrogation pdyb rcy
in what manner? pr c wnc fr n interval pw z
in you (sg.) pr f intimacy mbnt, wyry⌘ mnty
incarnate, to become S tmp r *ptmync into cyntr, cys r, 2qw, qw ... s (r)
incense bwd into that qywy⌘ ... s r
incite, to xwsyd intoxicated msty
incitement xwsyd mnty intoxicating (adj.) mstq ry
inconsiderable n -pcm rcyq introduce, to tny-
inconstant n -pt⇣ty n investigate, to pdyb rcy br-, 2prwyd
incorporeal *n -tmp rmync invisible n -wyn wcyq, pw-wyn wcyq
increase, to (itr.) wn invitation nwydm
increase, to (tr.) b✓ w invite, to nwyd
indebted ptyqn invocation ✓ yr mnty
1
indeed m y, m y⇣, m y⇣t invoke, to ✓ yr
Indian yntwq ny inwardly cn cyntp r-qyr n, cn cyntr
indicate, to ⇣t y qyr n
indication ⇣t y mnty iron spnync, spnyq
2
indifference nwry✓y iron fetter, iron tip spn-
1
indifferent is xw
to be indifferent frqyr Iscariot skrywt yq
to make indifferent nwry✓ wn- island w⇣w⇣
to make oneself isolation pw zwny
indifferent nwry✓y wn- + ryw(y) Israelite ysr ylyq
indiscriminately (pr) ptrystqy issue, to (itr.) ny✓-
individually pq r pq ry(?) it -⇣, 1⇣w, 1⇣y, 1xw
infection myq by it cyw, pryw
inferior c drcyq, rytr concerning it, on account of it cyw pyd r
inflame, to ftnty wn- for it cyw pyd r
inflict pain, to b✓yq ⇣t y in it pryw, wdy
inform, to prbyr on it prywnt
informed brtpd over it pryw
inhabitant mynny to it qyw s , 1⇣y
2
inherit, to ptrq n ny s with it dyw prw
inheritance ptrq n itinerancy *prwstqy (?)
iniquity pd ty, S p⌥ t ky itinerant *prwsty(?)
doer of iniquity pd tqry its -⇣, 1⇣y, 1wyny, xyp⌘
initial ↵ zcyq, srcyq jailer bntypy
1
injunction p⇣t wn jar wdy, tpy
injured, to be zyr-(?) jaundice zyrc rwq
injurious ⇣ypq ry, ptyrq r̈ jealousy mng
injury ⇣yp, ✓q- jester, jesters sxntqry, sxntqryt n f(t)
injustice pr z(?) Jew cxwd
2
inn tym jewel S rtn-
inn-keeper spncqn, tym-p ⇣y jewelled rtnyny
innocent *n -prty, 1pw- w n Jewish cxwd ny
2
innumerable pw-pcm r join, to (tr.) bynt
inscribe, to npys joint (of ankle or wrist) pdfnq(?)
1
insect pr ny joy w⇣ntyc, 1w ⇣-, xwsnty
1
insert, to tbr-, tny- joyful w⇣qyn, w⇣y, ⇣ twx, xwsnt
inside cyntr, cyntrp r Judaism cxwdy
insignificant xwy r judge d tbr
to render insignificant *xwy r prwyrt judge, to nm y
install, to n⇣yd judgement pdq-
instead pcrw judgement-seat xty q-w dy
instead of pcrw judgeship d tbry
instigation wsyd judiciary qzyt-(?)
instruct, to fs c, p⇣ty- jug wd
instruction fs q, fs tqy , ywq, ywq- jump, to z d
⌘brynqy , S *ywc mnty jurisdiction pcm r(?)
instructor r ⌘- ⇣t yny just d tcyq, 2r⇣t-
English index 391
just as mydc nw, w nc nw lad wy pt t
just such wnm lady db mn, xwtyn, S x twn
justice d tcyqy , r⇣ty q my lady (honorific title) mr⌘y
justify, to rt w ⇣ty laid down wstyty
to be justified rt w [b-?] lamb wr n
karma qrm lame ⇣qwnt
keep, to yc t d r, 2d r, p y, xs d r lamentation prx⇣y qc
to keep in memory ⇣y d r lamp cr , zbr ⇣t
to keep safe yc t d r lamp-stand cr -d ry
to keep straight S p ⇣(t ny )⌥ r lampblack f⇣my-⇣w
to keep vigil w rs land wt q, 1z y
keeping (noun) yc t d r mnty language zb q
Kephas (PN) sng sharing the same language w-zb qy
Khan (Turkish title) x n(?) last y mcyq
kick, to pdnw brx⇣- at last y m s r, qw ym s
kidneys wrdtq- last night tpy rcyq x⇣py
kill, to ptxw y lasting a short while w⇣p n-✓mncyq
to kill off ptwy⇣ later yrtr, yrtrcyq, p⇣ycyq
killer p⌘wx yny latter p⇣ycyq
1
killer of men mrtxmy-ptxw yny laugh, to xnt
killing (noun) ptxwng laughter xncq
kin qnt law nwm, pdq-
kind xw n lawful d tcyq
of many kinds rf-znq n, znq-znq n lawsuit pdq-
of such a kind, of laxity xwcqy
this kind cymnt/cymyd xw n lay, to wsty, npyd
of such kinds cymnt xw nt laid down wstyty
of various kinds ny zng ny zng to lay down wsty
of what kind? c wny to lay one’s hands upon s dstb r
1
some kind of yc to lay up wsty
kindness xwcm nqy to lay waste qsqnty qwn-
king x⇣ywny lead, to ny, 2pr ny, pryp, ⇣qr-
kingdom x⇣ wn, x⇣ywnqy to lead astray ymp, fny⇣
what belongs to the Kingdom leader sr⌘ng, sry qyc, xw⇣tr
(of Heaven) xw⇣ywnqy -mcy leaf wrqr
kingly x⇣ywny-mync leap up, to z d
kingly power x⇣ wn learn, to ywxs-
kingship x⇣ywnqy learned nyx
kiss, to pw⇣ learning (noun) ywq
kitchen xwrtqrc least q⇣tr-, rystr
knee z nwq leathern crmny
kneel, to *pcxyz leave, to wxr, pryc, w c
kneeling (noun) pcxyz mnty to leave over ft r pryc
knock, to twm leaven m dn
to knock in wy⇣qyrd lection qryn , x ny⇣
know, to rb-, ptbyd- + pr, 2ptz n left (pp.) pr ty
to come to know brtpd + *b- to be left prxs-, wxs-
to make known brtpd + wn-, brtpdy wn-, zt + to be left over ft r *prxs-, prxs-
*wn- left (left-hand), left hand s pt
1
knowing (adj.) brtpd leg pd
knowing (noun) rb mnty Lent stm p ⇣
knowledge rb qy , 1ptz n leper psyng
knowledgeable rb q less qmpy, rystr
kor (measure of capacity) 1p r to become less qmpy ys
koumiss c⇣t- lessening qmpwny
laborious mpnqyn lesser q⇣tr-
more laborious mpnqynstr lesson qryn
1
labour, (ascetic) labours mpn lest m t + neg., 2qy + neg.
one who has performed let, to wc
strenuous labours bty, mpn-bry let alone pryc 2 sg. impv.
labour, to fs-, mpn br-, mpn + xwr-, to let out ny⇣q w
mr z ⇣w- letter pwsty
labourer b d ry, mr z level mrx-
laceration ptry⇣tqy level, to fry✓, mrxy wn-
lack ny z Levite *l⌅w yq
2
lack of desire nwry✓y lewd rwrt, *xrycyq
lack of discrimination ptrystqy liar swnty, ✓ m sy
lack of faith mnt-wrnqy liberate, to zrync
lack of understanding mnt-ptz nqy , mnt-ptzny , lie rx, ✓ m-
*nw-ptbydqy lie (down), to S *np⌥-
lack of zeal n - xwd wny life nw⇣c ✓w n, ✓w n
lacking faith mnt-wrny of life nw⇣y-✓w nmync
392 English index
to give life ✓w love fry wy, fryt t
life-giver, life-giving ✓ wny, ✓w n-⌘br̈yn love, to fry- d r, fry- qwn-, fry- ny t,
lifeless mwrty fry- *pcx⇣-, S pry wy ⌥ r
lifetime ✓wnt pty love of money fry- r mqy
lift up, to sxw y, 2syn, 2zry⇣ loving faith fry-wrny
to be lifted up zry⇣-, S *2sxwy loving men fry-mrtxmy
to lift oneself up ptrz- low, low-lying pst-
light (= bright) rwx⇣n- lower c drcyq
light (in weight) ryncqw, xwy r lowest part c dr wy
light (noun) rwx⇣ny q, rwx⇣ny qy lute wyn
Light (of heaven), Light Paradise * rwx⇣n rdmn lying (down) wstyty, p⇣ ty, S np stk
light, to * bry✓(?), ptswc lying (= untruthful) swnty
lighten, to (itr.) fr⌘yp mad ↵ry
lightly xwy r made of dust xwrmny
lightness (in weight) xwy ry made of skin crmny
lightning wydymp madness ↵rqwny, qrx, qrxny tqy
like q(r)⇣n(y), m nwq, mydc nw, Magdalene, of Magdala mgdl yq
pt ny , w fyd c nw, w nc nw, magian mw ny
w nc nw ... q(r)⇣ny, yw m wn magian house, magian school mw qty
like a monk swqb rmync magian religion mw dyn
likely *pyrnyq wny magianism mw y q
likeness q⇣n, m nwqy magic y tqwny, y twqy
likewise w fyd, yw m wn magician y twq
lily *swsn magnificent x⇣nq-
limb dmy magus m w
line wytq maiden pwryc
lineage qwtr maidservant dy
without lineage nw-qwtr majesty frn, x⇣ywnqy
linen y ywmb Your Majesty (as a
linger, to wyn w form of address) x⇣ywnqy
linseed y ywmb make, to pwx y, 2wn-
lion ⇣rw to make a noise wxr wn-
lip p⇣ to make a report brtpdy wn-
2
listen, to n w⇣ to make a statement w x⇣ *pwx y
listener pt w⇣ny to make audible pt w⇣ wn-
listening (noun) S *1n w⇣ to make comfortable [w](r)cy d r
lit up, to be * br zty b- to make entreaty n d br-
little qbn-, qbnq, ryncq, ⇣nq to make fervent ftnty wn-
for a little while, little thing qbnq to make haste pr tr w p⌘f r tz
little by little qbnw qbnw to make indifferent nwry✓ wn-
live, to myr- + neg., ✓w-, ✓wnty + b- to make known brtpd + wn-, brtpdy wn-, zt +
to cause to live ✓w *wn-
to live (eternally) nw ✓w n pc z to make oneself
liver yqr- indifferent nwry✓y wn- + ryw(y)
living (adj.) ✓wnty to make ready pr⇣t y
1
lo ny to make still ptr m
load prbnty to make straight or flat fry✓
loaf n n- to make straight S p ⇣(t ny )⌥ r
loan pwrc making (noun) qrwn mnty
lock of hair mr wr making pure (noun) zprt- wd my
1
Logos wy br male mrty
long brzy, fr⇣ty(?) malicious ⇣qwr⌘-m ny
long (of time), long-lasting bn, rf-✓mnw-cyq man mrtxmy, mrty
how long? qw prm loving men fry-mrtxmy
so long as qw prm, S kw⌥prm manger xwyr
long-suffering y rtmnqy , y rtp znqy , Manichaean n trs q
y rtp zny community of Manichaean
longing (adj.) cyn wt Auditors S n w⇣ ky
look, to tqw⇣ relating to the Manichaean
to look after brz br- commandments S cx⇣ p⌥yk
2
to look for prwyd manifestation ⇣t y mnty, wyn ncyqy
to look forward tqw⇣ manifold rf-znq n, znq-znq n
looking (noun) *tqw⇣ mnty manner dyq, fr n-, pdq-, *ptzbwrty q,
lord f⇣yws, xwt w, xyp⌘ wnt r ⌘, xw n
my lord (honorific title) mry in this manner cymyd xw n, cywy⌘ xw n
Lord xwt w, xyp⌘ wnt in what manner? pr c wny fr n , pr c wnc fr n
lordship xwt wy mansion ⇣yqn
lose, to ⇣yp (...) wn- manumission, bill of zty-pwsty
having lost hope pyt- wt many rf, w f
1
lost pyty how many cf
loss ⇣yp of many kinds rf-znq n, znq-znq n
to suffer loss ⇣yp (...) wn- so many wf
loud brzy, brzycq, sq very many przr
English index 393
M✏r (honorific title) mry miracle-working *wrcwnqry, wrcwny-qryny
market w cn miserable by✓br n, b✓ xwq
marriage (feast) b ny⇣pqty misery b✓ xwty
marry, to wdw pryp misfortune ⇣qwr⌘y
M✏rt (honorific title) mr⌘y mission *✓ nty
martyr wyc wy mistress frm ync, xwtyn
martyrdom wyc wqy mix, to wsyr
martyred, to be wyc wqy pc z to be mixed ptry⌘, wry⌘ty b-
martyrs nqynt dyt mixture ptrystqy
martyrs’ (anthems) sḧd mixture of two (things),
marvel qr✓wrz, 1wyd s, wyd s wnqy consisting of a dw -wry⌘y
marvel, to d s, 2wyd s mobed mw ptw, xw⇣tr mw -
marzb✏n (Persian title) mrzp ny mock, to nysx nt, psxnt wn-, 2sxnt, sxnt
mass twdy + *wn-
mass, to (itr.) twdy *b- mockery psxnt, 1sxnt
master f⇣yws, xw⇣ty, xwt w, to be subjected to mockery pr sxnt ✓ ty *b-
xyp⌘ wnt modestly pr ↵ntqy
mastery xw⇣try modesty ntqy , ⇣frwqy
material, matter m cq moistened mwrsty
me -m, mn , my, t m moisture z r
concerning me, in me, upon me pr m moment n m
from me cm at the moment of myd n(y), 1prw
to me mn , my monastery *b nyq pw dy, wmr-, pw dy
1
with me d m prw monastic life swgb ry
meal fstry, 3xwrt money r my, n qty
mean xwy r love of money fry- r mqy
meaning (noun) ny⇣qrt, yxwnq monk swgb r
means qmp, myd ncyqy , rx(?) like a monk swqb rmync
measure ptm q monkhood swgb ry
2
liquid measure wdy month mx
meat y ty monument pw dy
2
mediation myd ncyqy moon mx
medicinal plant rwr- more frtr, fy tr, sq tr, sq tryqstr
medicine * mrwd (?) all the more tym (...) fy tr
meditate, to xwmr- how much more c f fy tr, yw c f
meditation xwmr qc yet more tym (...) fy tr
meet with, to pcwz- + pr moreover ms, ms tym, 1tym, tym ms
melody wxr morning fr q-c⇣ny, fr⇥q⇣⇥m
2
memory ptfr w(y), ⇣y mortal myryny
to keep in memory ⇣y d r mortality mwrt wy, myrynqy
Mẹmr✏ m mr mosquito mwx⇣q-
mental m ncyq moth wywyc
2
merciful z rcnwq, z rcnwqry mother mt
mercy z rcnwqy , z rysy mnty motion ⇣w mnty
to be shown mercy z ry-sy ty b- mount, to b✓ d-
to show mercy, have mercy z rysy- to mount (a person on an animal) pc ynt
merely xwdq r mountain r-
message zd qry , by tq rc, pwsty, mourn, to m r wt w⇣t, m r wt + b-
zt qrqy , S pt m mourner (title of Serapion) swgb r
messenger st nyq, ✓ nt mourning (adj.) m r wt
Messiah m⇣y⌦ mourning (noun) m r wty
1
metropolitan mytr pwlyt mouth qwc
midday nymy my⌘, nymy⌘ move, to ⇣w-
middle myd n much rf
1
might m, t wnty , x⇣ wn, z wr how much cf
mightier t wntr, *z wrqyn-str how much more c f fy tr, yw c f
1
mighty rpsty, t wnty, z wrqyn, in as much as c f, c f qt, c fyd
*z wrwty(?) so much w f, w fyd
mild nmr-, nyznt, trn much less pryc 2 sg. impv.
milder *nmrtr- mud ryq
1
mildew y⇣t(?) multitude w zy
mildness nmry q murder ptxwng
mile fsx murderer mrtxmy-ptxw yny
milk x⇣ybt- murderous ptxwng-qry
mina pcm r (musical instrument) S xyz- ykh
mind m n, ptbdy mute n -✓ yny
of the mind m ncyq my mn , my, xyp⌘
purity of mind zprt-m nqy for my sake c m pyd r
mindless mnt-m ny my father (respectful
mingle, to (itr.) ptry⌘ form of address) S (t)[ ]m
ministration brz my lady (honorific title) mr⌘y
miracle qr✓wrz, wrcwny
394 English index
1
my lord (honorific title) mry; see also s.vv. xwt w, not any yc + neg.
1
xyp⌘ wnt not at all yc + neg., c ty + neg.
myriad brywr not desiring *n -q m
mysterious r zy n not drawn (from a well) n -pxw⇣t
mystery rz not even ms z m + neg.
Communion mystery w⇣t pr z not fated, (may it) not (be) fated! n bxt
nail: see fingernail not guilty *n -prty
nail, to wy⇣qyrd not having arisen n st
naked b ny, srcq not negligent n frqyn
1
name nm not only n̈ s t xwdq r
name, to n m wsty, 1✓ yr not passing away *n -ftyrcyq, *n -ftyryny
2
to be named n m, 2✓ yr not sitting down (noun) pw-nydqy
namely wnw n x, w nw m y⇣t, xyd n x notable ptbsty
narrow tr t-, ✓ m note, to take ms wn-
1
nation n f, *n fcy nothing yc + neg., nyc, 2nyst
native wt qcyq notice(?) (written) pyrqwc
Nativity yld notice, to ptbyd- + pr
2
nature nyzn- nourish, to p r, prw⌅✓
1
identity of nature *pw-ywxng-nyznwy(?) novice nwy
of nature, natural *nyzny-myc now q⇣y, 1n y, nwqr, 1ny⇣, prwstr
sharing the nature (of) w-nyzny number pcm r, s q
nave hykl Numbers (Book of) mnyn
navigation nwbry numerical pcm rcyq(?)
Nazarene n cr yq nun swgb r nc
2
near pnt, pntq nurture, to pr
to draw near to bw nurturing (adj.) pd rny
nearby mdy pntq O (introducing a vocative etc.) , 3 w, 2 y
2
nearer pntr oath swqnt
necessary ny z wt, s cymync to swear an oath swqnt + xwr-
to be necessary w-, w ncyq x-, wnty x- obeisance *mtwny
2
what is necessary w ncyqy , *ny z wty , s cy- obey, to n w⇣
mycy obliged, under an obligation ptyqn
necessity w ncyqy obscure, to *qyrp
neck qm observance p y mnty
need ny z observe, to ms wn-, p y, tqw⇣
needful, needing, needy ny z wt, ny zqyn to observe (the Sabbath) yc t d r, xs d r
neglect, to frqyr obstacle pcxw q, wytrxty
negligence frqyny , frqyrn obtain, to byr
negligent frqynny, pt r having obtained glory frn-byrty
1
not negligent n frqyn occasion prtw, prwrtw, r ⌘
neighbour dwsy, pnt dy on that occasion xyd-p t
1
neophyte nwy occupation bnt
2
net d⇥m⇥ occupied bsty
nethermost c drcyq to be occupied bnt d r
1
never qd c + neg. occur, to mpt, b-, 2ptyfs, ⇣w-
1
nevertheless yw r ocean swmtr-
1
new nwy ocean-like swmtry-m nwq
very new *tr-nwy(?) odour bwd
new moon m x-nwy of cn, xyp⌘
newly ptnwy of them ⇣n
news ✓w of these cymnt
next dbtyq, nbnt, nwqr of this cymnt, cymyd
night x⇣p- of those cywnt
night office ⇣hr off byqstr
nightly x⇣pncyq offer, to ny, pnt br-, ptwyd
1
nine nw offering (noun) nm cq n, ptwyd mnty
nineteen nwts office (= worship) nm c, sp s
nineteen by nineteen nwtsqy nwtsqy office of bishop psqwpy
nineteenth nwtsmyq often rf prtw
Ninevite nynw yq Oh! , wḣ
ninth nwmyq oil rw n
1
no (adj.), in no way yc + neg. (consecrated) oil m⇣⌦
no-one dy + neg. old wycny
nobility ztwny old age *m sy-sqwny, zrw
noble zty, *pz ty, wy⇣q, x⇣nq-, ✓ m old man m sy
nocturnal x⇣pncyq conversation of the old men mmll dsb̈
noise nwb , *1sxwrd, wxr Old Testament wcync nwm
to make a noise wxr wn- olive *zy⌘
noise (of an earthquake) nwb on cn, pr
non-Christian n trs q on account of cn, cn ... pc rt, cn ... pyd r,
1
nor yet ms z m + neg. pyd r
1
not n , ny on account of him/it cyw pyd r
not able to speak n -✓ yny on account of those cywnt ... pyd r
English index 395
on behalf of pcrw, 1pyd r outwards byq-s r
on guard p ty over cwpr, pr, sqyp r cn
on it prywnt over it pryw
on one side ywqws overcome, to wz m
1
on that prywyd overseer ↵qsy
on that occasion xyd-p ty overshadow, to wnt
on the inside cn cyntr qyr n overshadowing (noun) qyrp qc
2
on the other hand ps overthrow, to p⇣ y
on the spot p dy wy qy owing (adj.) ptyqn
on them prywnt own, what is one’s own xyp⌘
on those prywnt owner f⇣yws, xyp⌘ wnt
once yw-b t owner of the amulet pyd r wnd
one (num.) yw ox w
2
on one side ywqws pacify, to ptr m
one (pron.) dy pagan rmq n(y)
one another, one ... pain b✓ xwty , b✓yq, ⇣qwr⌘y , xw c,
the other ... yw ... dbtyq ..., yw-dbtq⇤ xwyc
one ... another ... ny- ... ny- ... to inflict pain b✓yq ⇣t y
one time ... another time ... b d ... b d ... to take pains mpn br-
onion py q painful b✓ xwq, ⇣qwr⌘
only xwdq r, ywt c pair (of medicinal ingredients) °dw y
1
not only n̈ s t xwdq r pair (of oxen) ywxt-
open xwycq palace ⇣yqn
2
open, to pyn, xwycq + wn- pale prf ty
to be opened xwycq + b-/qt- palm (of the hand) n⇣qy
to open (one’s eyes) w⇣qyr papers q z t(?)
open country y rty q parable przbr
openly pr wyn wcyqy , ryt ngm n, ryt Paraclete *xwm r-w by
ngm ny , wyn ncyq, Paradise bwstn, w⇣tm x
wyn wcyq paralysed br ty
openness w⇣q r-cmqy , y rty q paralysis qrx
operation qty parasang fsx
opinion, difference of dw ywx -qy parents m t-ptry
opponent pty ry part p⇣ynty, pty p, ptyfnw, ywx q
opportunity w m, wy q partaker wpty p
opposition pty r Parthian pr⌘w yq
oppressed tr z y participation pty p
oppression tr z ywny (particle emphasizing a
oppressive tr z y(?) following phrase) xyd
2
or qd (particle introducing a question) cw, cwt
orarium wrr (particle marking the beginning
1
orchard prdyz of a clause) yty, ZY
order (= arrangement) qry , pts q partner y⌘, wpty p
order (= command) frm n partnership y⌘y
order (of angels) qrtr parvenu nw-qwtr
order, to (= to arrange) pts c pass, to ptyr-
order, to (= to command) frm y not passing away *n -ftyrcyq, *n -ftyryny
ordinance pts q to cause to pass away or over ftyr
ordinary smt n to pass away, pass by ftyr-
ordure drtyc to pass over ftyr-, ptyr-
organ (of the body) dmy passing, i.e. death (euphemism) ftyr mnty
ornament py t passion nyzb ny
orphan sywq subject to the passions nyzb ny-n q
other *dbty-, dbtyq, ny-, p ryq, Passion (of Christ) b✓ xwty , b✓ xwty◆
pryq, ywqws pc [ z mnt](y)
2
on the other hand ps Passover pc⌦
one ... another ... ny- ... ny- ... pasture cr q
one another, one ... pasture, to pr cr q d r
the other ... yw ... dbtyq ..., yw-dbtq⇤ paten pyls
one time ... another time ... b d ... b d ... Paternoster bwn db⇣my
otherwise ny zng path q rp⌘, r ⌘
1
our m x, mn, xyp⌘ patience pt wp zny , y rtmnqy ,
Our Father which art in heaven bwn db⇣my y rtp znqy , y rtp zny
Our Lord (as a title of Jesus) m xyp⌘ wnt patient, to be y rtp zny + qwn-
Our master (title) rbn patriarch ptryrk , xw⇣tr ptr-
out byq-s r patrimony ptrq n
out of cn, cn ... byqs r pavement *p⇣prn
outside (adv.) byqp r pay, to tw✓, zy m
outside (prep.) byqp r cn to pay attention ms wn-
outstanding srcyq to pay homage nm c br-
outward byqp rcyq payment prxy
outwardly byqp r-qr n peace wr m, dwrt-, wys q
396 English index
peaceful pt⇣ dy to be pleased pcq m, *ptsynt
pearl mr rt pledge pt✓nq
penalty bnt m point nwq
penitence nm ny, nm nyqrqy poison ✓r
penitent nm ny-qry, nm nyqyn poisonous ✓ rbry
Pentecost *pnc s polite nmr-
people n f, rm- poor d⇣tw n
perceive, to p y, rb-, ptbyd- + pr portion pd rty
perception ptbyd mnty, 1ptz n possess, to 2
dr
perchance db t possessions rm
if perchance qdb t possible, to be see s.v. b-
perdition nyst wy pound pcm r
1
perfect spty, xw⇣d ny pound, to *nxw y
perfection spty q pour, to p⇣ync, wryc
perform, to br-, 2wn- poverty d⇣twc
to be performed qyr- poverty-stricken tr z y
to perform labour mpn + xwr- power t wnty , x⇣ wn, z wr
to perform (a Psalm or reading) sp⇣- powerful myn bry, z wrqyn
to perform service sp s d r powerless mnt- r̈psty, mntz wr
performance qrwn mnty practice bnt, qrwn mnty
perhaps db t praise wbty , ⇣wb⌦
1
period ↵y, my⌘qry praise, to wb, wbty + ptwyd,
perish, to nyst b-, ny⇣-, pn⇣- S w⌃ty ⌥⌃r-
about to perish zry⇣-↵sy prattling q ny (?)
perishable ny⇣yny pray, to n d br-, nm c br-, pcqw n
permanent stnyq, sqwyny wn-, pcqwy-
permission ↵prsny one who prays n d -bryny
permitted, to be wxs- prayer clw⌘ , n d , nm c, nm c-brqy ,
persecute, to p⇣qyr- pcqw n
persecution p⇣q r end of a prayer when
Persian p rsyq the voice is raised qnwn
person dy, ryw, mrtxmy, 1sr- preach, to zt + *wn-
pervert, to ymp preaching (noun) wydb
Peter sng precede, to pyrnm b-
petition n d precedence, without pw- xw⇣yc(?)
Pharisee pry⇣ yq preface, prefatory verse ⇣wry
Philistine pl⇣⌘ yq preferable frytr
Phrygian *prwg yq pregnancy S ⌃rp⇣wny
picture ptq r pregnant brp⇣
piece p⇣ynty prejudice ptryt-nm nqy , *ptryt-nm ny
2
into (several) pieces p⇣ynt p⇣ynty preparation p⇣t wn
pierced swbty prepare, to pr⇣t y
piercing (noun) nqcn(?) prepared m ty
piles (disease) rsx presbyter msydr
pill * wrdq presence
pillar *stwn in the presence of ngm n, cn ... pyrnms r, nbnt,
pincers rbn pyrnm(?), pyrnms , ryty
pit bwn, z y-qnty present (adj.) ny⇣y(?)
pitch (a tent), to wy⇣qyrd present day nwr(y)cyq my⌘
pitcher wd , tpy present (noun) nm cq n
pitiful z ry press, to tr z y *wn-
pity, to take z rysy- pretence ptryt-nm nqy , *ptryt-nm ny
place r⌘, wt q, wy q, 1z y prevent, to pcxw y
in place of pcrw previous pyrnmcyq
place of mourning *x⇣ywnstn previously cn ftm , pyrnmstr
place, to wsty price mwdy, xry wny
to place (a person on an animal) pc ynt prick, to xd
plain (adj.) mrx- pride ⇣ pyqry , wrzywy
plain (noun) pst mrx z y, r of pride *sq m nqy -mync
plainly mrxw priest dynd r, msydr
plait mr wr (heathen) priest b mptw, xrmtw
plan nbyr priesthood dynd ry
plan, to nbyr prince wy⇣p⇣y
planning (noun) nbyr principality (order of angels) sr⌘ng
plant (medicinal plant) rwr- prison bntqty
plant, to n⇣yd prison governor [xw](⇣)tr bntypy
pleasant ↵⇣yn ty, xwc- prisoner wnyqcyq
pleasantly pr nmry q, pr tny yty pr proceed, to ⇣w-, xr m
nmry q proclaim, to zt + *wn-, ✓w w c(?)
pleasantness xwc wy, xwcm nqy to be proclaimed zt + *b-
please (introducing a proclamation zd qry , zt qrqy
1
polite request) frm y (impv.) profit pc y, wr-
please, to [w](r)cy d r profit, to wr wn-, [x](w) qry *wn-
English index 397
profitable pcycyq, wrq ry rage ↵rw tqy
more profitable wrq rystr rags pry⇣y
profound, profoundly nyx rain wr
profundity nxy rainbow ↵dpnty
progeny txm- rainwater w rnmpy
prolong, to brzy + wn- raise, to xy✓, ptry✓, sxw y, 2syn, 2zry⇣
2
promise pc z, 1wyst w to be raised S *2sxwy
promise, to pc z *wn-, 2*wyst w, wystw to raise up xy✓
1
wn- raising (noun) syn
1
prompting (noun) wyc rank ptm q, qrtr, qry
proper s cy, s cymync rather sq tryqstr
2
to be proper pc y, s c raving (noun) ↵rqwny
what is proper s cy-mycy , s cymync raw xm
3
property ⇣yry, xyp⌘ reach, to b w, prys
1
prophesy, to bywn, bywnqy *wn- read, to ptfs-
prophet bywny reader ptfsyny
prosperous y rt- reading (noun) qryn , 2ptfs-, ptfs mnty, x ny⇣
prostitute xrycq ready m ty
prostrate p⇣ ty to be ready m ty x-/swq-
protect, to s dtw d r, p ty d r, p y to make ready pr⇣t y
protected s dty realm x⇣ wn
to be protected p ty b- realm of the dead mwrty-d m
protection p tqwny, p y mnty reap, to rwp
protector p rear, to by m
protracted rf-✓mnw-cyq reason ptyrn
2
proud, to be ptrz- rebuke nxr⌅s, nxrysty
1
provide light, to rwx⇣ny q d r, rwx⇣ny q ⌘br- rebuke, to nxrys, [nxrys] *✓ y
providence b nyq brz, pd rnqy receive, to s, byr, 1pc z, pcx⇣-
province wt q receiving (noun) byr mnty, pcx⇣y
provisions (for a journey) 2pc z, p⇣ br reception s mnty, byr mnty, 2pc z,
psalm dwyd, mzmwr-, sr wty pc z mnty
Psalter, subdivision of mrmy⌘ reckon, to pcmr-
pull, to x⇣ reckoning (noun) pcm r
1
punishment bnt m, fr s, p tfr s, prsym recline, to p⇣yd
pure wsw ty, w⇣wx, psw ty, to cause to recline *2p⇣yd
2
wycty, zprt, zprtcyq recognize, to ptz n
purely [pr]( zpr)tty recollection ptfr wy, ⇣y br mnty
purify, to *pswc, zprt wn- recompense prxy
to be purified zprt b- reconciled, to be *x⇣n wty b-
purifying (adj.) zprt- wd my reconciliation x⇣n m
purity w⇣wxy , zprtcyqy , zprty record m rdny
purity of heart zprt-✓y wrqy recount, to prbyr
purity of mind zprt-m nqy rectitude r⇣ty qy , r⇣ty q
pursue, to S ⇣krcy [⌃-] red qyrmyr
put, to wsty, 2wn- redeem, to sxryn, wx⇣, xryn
to be put aside prxs- redemption wx⇣nqy
2
to put an end to ym refectory xwrtqrc
1
to put in authority p tx⇣ wn + wn- refuge ntxs, qwrcw dy
2
to put out ny⇣q w to take refuge ntxs
to put to death ptxw y refuse, to nm- + neg., prxwn
putting (noun) wst mnty regard, to tqw⇣
putting to death (noun) ptxwng region wt q, qyr n
Qaddi⇣ qdy⇣ regulation pts q
quake, to ⇣n- reign, to x⇣ywny nyd
quarrel pc w , pt✓y mc, y r reject, to *2pcq w, pcq w *wn-
quarrel, to pt✓y-, y r *wn- rejection qn mnty, 1pcq w, pcqw mntqy
quarrelling (noun) pt✓y mc rejoice, to ⇣ twx *b-, 2w ⇣-, xwsnt *b-
quarrelsome pc w qry, pc w -qryny rejoicing in q mnty + pr
quarry (for stone) ryqstn relatives txm-
queen x⇣ywnc, xwtyn release, to wc
question wprs relief y rty q
quickly twx, twxycq, ✓ rt religion dyn
quiet (adj.) wrmty false religion *ptqwn-dynqy
to be quiet wrms rely (on), to wt br-
1
quiet (noun) wrmtqy remain, to myn, prxs-, swq-, xs swq-
quietly trnq remaining (adj.) pryq
2
quietude wr m remaining (noun) swq m
rabid ↵ry remark w x⇣
race (= family) qwtr remedy ptst t
1
racing (noun) swd mnty remember, to ptfr w, ⇣y br, ⇣y d r, ⇣y
Rad (Persian title) rt *wn-
radiant *↵ ry remembrance ptfr wy, ⇣y , ⇣y br mnty
398 English index
remembrancers, reminders ⇣y( )[ brny]t(?) rice wine zwty
remind, to ⇣y br rich, rich man mqyn
remission of sins w n-w cy richly mqyn- wny
remit, to wc richly blessed ryw- xr
remorse nm nyqrqy ride, to cause to *pc ynt
remove, to dwr + wn-, ftyr, ny⇣q w rider b ry
remover sxw yny riding-animal *b rycyq
2
render, to ptwyd right (= correct) r⇣t-, wyzr-
renewal *nw wy to be right sc
renounce, to wxr, pstw- what is right d tcyqy
renowned n mcyq, n mqyn right (right-hand), right hand xw rnt
reparation ✓wqy righteous rt w, ⇣yrqty, ⇣yrng ry
repay, to wz m, tw✓ righteousness rt wy , ⇣yr qty ,
to be repaid (a debt) wzms S ⇣yr kty wy
repel, to fstxwmp doer of righteousness ⇣yr qty -qry
repent, to nm ny (...) wn-/qt-, nm nyqyn of righteousness rt wy mync
*b- rightly [wy]zrw
repentance nm ny, nm nyqrqy rind nyd m, *✓wb
reply, to ptbynt ripe *fr mty
1
report ✓w rise, to xz, sn-
to make a report brtpdy wn- to rise up ptrz-
2
reproach pcxwny, *y x mnty(?), rising (noun) xz, xz mnty, sn mnty
*yxs mnty river rwt
reproached yxs ty of a river, riverine r wt
2
reproof nxr⌅s, nxrysty road r⌘
1
reprove, to nxrys (suitable) for the road *r ⌘c ny
1
reputation nm roam, to prwrt
of good reputation ⇣yrn my roar, to ryn, 1rw⇣
request n d , pcqw n, 1xw✓, roast, to ptnyz
xw✓ mnty, y n robber r ⌘p n
request, to n d br-, pcqw n pcqwy-, rock sng
pcqw n wn-, xwz xw✓, 2xw✓ rod dstb ry
2
require, to prwyd Roman frwm-c ny, frwmcyq, frwmyq
to be required w-, w ncyq x-, wnty x- Rome frwm
2
requite, to wz m roof qt-
resemble, to m nwq + x-/b-, 2myn rooster qtyw
reside, to nc y root wyx
resolve, to nbyr rose wrd
respect p⌘fr- rotten pwtqry
respite pstn- rubbish mntzprty
respond, to ptw b ruin, ruined qtsqnty
response bnt, pyw q rule (= standard, law) nwm, pdq-, qnwn
rest pt⇣ dty rule (= government) p tx⇣ wny , x⇣ wnd ry
at rest pt⇣ dy rule, to p tx⇣ wn + b-, x⇣y-
to be at rest ⇣pn, byr + pc dty to cause to rule p tx⇣ wn + wn-/qt-
to give rest pt⇣ dy wn- ruler x⇣ wnd r
rest, to ⇣pn, pcpr-, 1p⇣yd rumbling (noun) nwb
restful rumour ✓w
more restful pc dy-str run, to swd
resting-place nc nw dy ruse qmp
restraint bd n rust st(•n) (?)
resurrecting the dead (noun) mwrt -✓wnty Sabbath ⇣mbd
resurrection xz mnty sacrament r z, r z
Resurrection qym⌘ sacrifice ✓w⇣y
retain, to ny s sacrifice, to *fswc, *yz-, ✓w⇣y qwn-,
retained nymty ✓w⇣y ptwyd
return *zwrt mntqy , zwrt mnty sacristan byk ny(?)
return, to (itr.) zwrt sad ntwxcn q
return, to (tr.) zwyrt sadden, to S [
reveal, to ⇣t y, wyn ncyq + wn-, sadness ntwxc
wyn wcyq + *wn- safe yc t, xs
revealed wyn ncyq, wyn wcyq to keep safe yc t d r
to be revealed wyn ncyq/wyn wcyq + b- safety yc t wy, wys q
revelation wyn ncy , wyn ncyqy , sagapenum sg pn
wyn wcyqy sailors m y /n wy ⇣qryny(t) n f(t)
revenge qyn saint fwx r dy/my⌘y, ⇣yrng ry,
reverence ptby-, ⇣frwqy ⇣yrqty, zprt dy
reverend *p ⇣cn saintly ⇣yrqty
reversion *zwrt mntqy , zwrt mnty salute, to dwrt ⌘br-
revile, to nmy q wn- salvation wx⇣, bw , wx⇣ mnty
revolve, to prwrt Samaritan *⇣mr yq(?)
reward p cr t, prxy same w fyd, ywzng
without reward pw-p cr t belonging to the same family wqnty
English index 399
having the same form * w-q⇣n̈ sense ptbyd mnty
3
sharing the same language w-zb qy sense of hearing pt w⇣
sanctified (woman) mqd⇣⌘ sensible ptbsty
sanctify, to zprt (q)wn- sent fry⇣ty
sanctity zprty sentence w x⇣
sanctuary b yst n, hykl sentenced to death, to be mrc bn⌘ m *b-
Satan ⇣mnw separate ywxsty
2
Satanic ⇣mnq nny separate, to (itr.) wxy, ywx y, 2ywxy-
satiated mprt-xw r separate, to (tr.) ywx y
1
to be satiated mprt xwr-, mprt-xw r b- separately ptyn
2
satiation mb r separation yw r, ywx q, ywx y mnty
satiety mprt-xw ry seraph *sr p
satisfaction w⇣ tq my , x⇣n m serpent qyrm-
satisfy, to pt⇣ dy wn- servant bnty, frm n-pt w⇣y, sp sy,
Saturday ⇣mbd xyp⌘
save, to bwc, wx⇣, zrync serve, to sp s d r, sp⇣-
to be saved bwxs-, zrxs- service bntqwny, sp s, sp sy d r mnty
Saviour bwcny, wx⇣ny serving (adj.) frm n-pt w⇣y
saw wyr servitude bntqwny, frm n-pt w⇣qy
say, to w b, ✓ y bill of servitude bnty-pwsty
to say (authoritatively) frm y set, to (= to go down) txyz
to say (to a superior) pcqwy- set, to (= to put) wsty
saying (noun) w x⇣, w b mnty to set aside ftyr
scatter, to p⇣tn, ⇣ ⇣, S [⇣ ⇣t ⌥⌃] ny kwn- to set in authority p tx⇣ wn + xy✓(?)
to be scattered ⇣ ⇣t db ny b- to set on fire * bry✓(?)
scattering (noun) ⇣ ⇣ mnty to set up xy✓, wy⇣qyrd
scent bwd settle, to (itr.) pcpr-
scoff, to ptsxnt settled pcprty(?)
scoffer pcxwzy(?) settler mynny
scourge d- seven bt
2
scourge, to ptnwb seven hundred and
1
scourging (noun) ptnwb fifty-ninth *bt st-pnc s-nwmyq
scribe dpyr seventeen bt s
scripture m rdny, npyq, pwsty seventeenth *bttsmyq
scripture reading qryn seventh btmyq
sea swmtr- seventy bt t
of the sea swmtrcyq sever, to ywx y
seal t py severe ✓w m ny
seal, to tp severity ✓w y q
sealer t py wstyny sew, to ⇣wm
search *prwydy sewing (noun) ⇣wmqy
seat wd (sexual) union, (sexual)
seat, to n⇣yd intercourse bnt, wpty py
to seat (at a meal) *2p⇣yd shade, shadow sy q
second, secondly *dbty-, dbtyq shake, to (itr.) bn w, ⇣n-
secret rz shake, to (tr.) S *2n y(?)
secure xs shame ⇣f r
seduce, to ↵rdyw, ymp, fny⇣ shame, to ⇣f rqty wn-
seducer ympny shank *⇣ n
seduction ympn shape q⇣n
see (noun) wd share pty p
2
see, to wyn sharer wpty p
3
able to see, seeing wyny sharing a dwelling wx ny
seed txm- sharing the nature (of) w-nyzny
seeing (noun) wyn mnty sharing the same language w-zb qy
2
seek, to prwyd sharp tr -
seeking excuses (noun) *ptn-xw✓qy sharpen, to ✓ wrd
seem, to d ty syd, syd sharpness tr wy
to seem right d ty syd shave, to wtr
1
seer of visions f⌘ys-wynny she x
seize, to s dstb r, fcmrz, ny s sheath nyd m
select, to wycn- shed, to p⇣ync
self ryw, xwty shedder (of blood) p⇣yncny
self-control ryw-d rqy sheep my⇣, psw-stwr, stwr
self-disdain rywy pty⌘ d r mnty, sheepfold my⇣prq t(?)
pty⌘- rywqy shelter sy q
selfishness xwty shelter, to s dtw d r
sell, to pry⌘ Sheol mwrty-d m, *⇣ywl
semantron nqw⇣ shepherd xw⇣p ny
send, to f⇣ m, rxn-(?), w c shield pts d
to send away f⇣ m, w c shielded s dty
to send word ny⇣ty- shin *⇣ n
400 English index
shine, to fr⌘yp, ftyp, rwx⇣t, *wyrwx⇣ slaughtered w✓ n-mync
to shine forth ptrwc, wyt p slave bnty
shining forth (noun) wyt p mnty slavery frm n-pt w⇣qy
ship my,nw sleep xwbn-
shirt qwr⌘y sleep, to wfs
shocked symy sloth ptzm ny
shoe qf⇣- slumber, to nw
shooting (noun) brx⇣ mnty small ryncqw
shore zmpy small bird sycy
short qbn- smash, to (tr.) wx y
lasting a short while w⇣p n-✓mncyq smear, to dw
shortly pr w⇣p n ✓mnw, w⇣p n ✓mnw smell bwd
shoulder fyq smell, to pcbw⇣
shout wxr smith spnyqry
shout, to pc yr, pt✓ yr, p✓ yr, wxr wn- smoke my
show, to ndy⇣, ⇣t y snake qyrm-
to be shown mercy z ry-sy ty b- snare mpwzn, sp, wbnty
to show mercy z rysy- snatch, to fcmrz
1
to show oneself sy- so myd, w f, w fyd, w nw, wnm
showing forth (noun) ⇣t y mnty so beautiful w -s rst
shudder wy⌘rb so glorious *w - wbty
sick r fq w, xwycn q so great w f, wntn
side qws, qw⇣y-, qyr n so long as qw prm, S kw⌥prm
sift, to ✓w◆✓ so many wf
sigh, to wts so much w f, w fyd
1
sight wyn, wyn mnty so sorely w -✓w t
2
sign qr✓wrz, t py, x⇣nyrq so that qt, 1m t, w nqt, 1yty, ZY
sign (with the sign of so-and-so t nm n
the Cross), to tp soft nmr-
silence wrmtqy , ⇣wqy softly trnq
silent wrmty, ⇣wq soldier ztq r, sp dy n
to be silent ptrwx⇣-, ⇣wq w⇣t solicitude xwysm
silver n qty solitary ywt c
similar m nwq solitude ywt cy
1
similitude m nwqy some, some kind of yc
sin w n, qt ny for some time c f ✓mnw
of sin qt nymync some one dy ywtr
without sin *mnt w n, 1pw- w n someone dy
sin, to w n wn-, w nqry x-, someone else nyw dy
S k(t)[ ny *kwn-] something c, 1 yc
since (conj.) c nw, c nwt, cywy⌘ ms qt sometimes b d, c f ✓mnw
since (prep.) cn, cn ... ms somewhat qbnq
since eternity cn yqwn ms son ✓wn, z ty
since that *cywn⌘ (...) mc r status of sons ↵✓wn-w dqy
sincere yw- rdq Son of Man (title of Jesus) mrtxmy ✓wn, mrtxmy z ty
sinew ✓y [ song sr wty
sinful nt qry, w nqry, qt nymync, Song of Songs sr wtyty pwsty
qt nyq ry soon pr w⇣p n ✓mnw, w⇣p n ✓mnw
sing, to sr w soot f⇣my-⇣w, prsw t(?)
singed pr⌘wty sorcerer y twq
single yw-mync sorcery y tqwny, y twqy
single-mindedness ywm nqy (?) sore, sorely ✓ w
sink, to cause to wxy✓ so sorely w -✓w t
sinner nt qry, w nqry, qt nyq ry sorrow ntwxc
sir (as a mode of address) b soul ryw, m n, rw n
1
sister xw r of the soul rw n-mync
sit, to nyd, 1p⇣yd sound wxr
to sit (on the throne), sit down nyd south nymy⌘-w dy
sitting (adj.) nsty sow, to q⇣-
sitting (noun) nyd mnty sowing (noun) q⇣y
not sitting down (noun) pw-nydqy space pw z
six xw⇣w sparrow sycy
sixteen xw⇣rts speak, to sfr cy ... *wn-, w b, 2wy br,
sixteenth *xw⇣rtsmyq ✓y
sixth xw⇣myq able to speak, speaking wy bryny
sixty xw⇣sty not able to speak n -✓ yny
skill qrnw ncy speaking (noun) wy brty
skilled, skilful qrnwy speaking out freely (adj.) * ztpw q(?)
3
skin crm, drs, *✓wb spectator wyny
made of skin crmny speech sfr cq, sfr cy, swxn-, w x⇣,
1
sky qc wy br, wy brty
slander psyp speechless ⇣wq
slander, to rm spell
English index 401
caster of spells ptsrwmy strength z wr
spend, to zy m strengthen, to S ẓ- wrkyn + kwn-
1
spirit, Spirit wt strenuous mpnqyn
(evil) spirit cyty stretch (out), to pr⌘ync
of the spirit, spiritual rw n-mync, w tmyc, w tmyny, to be stretched out pr⌘xs
w tny strife xwnc, pc w
spirituality w tmnqy strike, to *pcq f, pyz, wy⇣qyrd
spit out, to w✓y⇣ (stringed instrument) S xyz- ykh
2
spiteful enemy ✓wyrny strive, to ntwxs, xwd wny wn-, ⇣xy q
spittle z⌘wq wn-
splendid s rst striving (adj.) xwd wny
1
splendour rtqy , b mqyny striving (noun) ntwxs, xwd wny
split, to (itr.) qf-, ptry⇣ strong rpsty, t wnty, xs, xwyzy,
spread, to pr⌘ync, p⇣tn y rt-, z wrqyn
spread (pp.) f⌘ ty to become strong xw⇣ ty *b-, xwyzy b-
to be spread pr⌘xs, ⇣y⇣- very strong w -t wnt
1
(spread) table fstry struggle xs, xwnc
2
spring (of water) x xsry struggle, to xs
2
spurn, to pcq w *wn- stumble, to f⇣qwx
squander, to ⇣⇣ to cause to stumble qw f⇣qwx s pr ny
square yzt stumbling (noun) ⇣qwxy , 1f⇣qwx
1
staff dstb ry stumbling-block f⇣qwx
1
stand, to w⇣t, p dy w⇣t/x-/swq- subdivision of the Psalter mrmy⌘
to cause to stand p dy wsty, p dy wn- subject frm n-pt w⇣y, nyz ny
to stand in awe ⇣frs- subjected to mockery, to be pr sxnt ✓ ty *b-
to stand still ⇣wq w⇣t subjection bntqwny
1
to stand up xz subjugated nqbty
standing (adj.) w⇣tyty subordinate frm n-pt w⇣y
standing (noun) p dy w⇣ty mnty subsequent p⇣ycyq
star st ry subservience frm n-pt w⇣qy
statement, to make a w x⇣ *pwx y subservient nyz ny
1
status of sons ↵✓wn-w dqy subsidence ryz
stay, to nc y, 1myn, swq-, wy✓t (...) substance m cq
wn- subtract, to bys w c
2
staying (noun) swq m success byr mnty
steal, to cf-, t ywny ... qwn- succession qry
steer (a ship), to ⇣qr- such w f, w fyd, w wny
stench nt of such a kind cymnd/cymyd xw n
step, to xr m of such kinds cymnt xw nt
step forward, to *fx⇣ty-(?) such as w nc nw
steward frm n-d r, spncyrspn suddenly cn pcp tqy, cn p⇣p ty, p⇣p cyq,
stewardship spncyrspny p⇣p ty
stick, to (itr.) pdwbs- suffer, to b✓ xwty pc z, *f⇣y-, ptzyr-
still (adj.) wrmty to suffer loss ⇣yp (...) wn-
to become still wrms suffering (adj.) ptzrty
2
to make still ptr m suffering (noun) b✓ xwty
1
still (adv.) tym, tym prm suffice, to bw
still more tym sq tr sufficient b wnyq, b wwny
stinking * sn- suffocate, to wdy✓
2
stir, to (itr.) wyc suitable s qy, pcynyq
stir up, to S pc w to be suitable sxs, ptsxs-
stirring (noun) wyc mnty what is suitable sq
stole wrr summary brt
1
stomach q⌘ ry, xwrtdny summon, to ✓ yr
stone sng sun xwr
stone, to sngs r wn- Sunday yw-⇣mbd
to be stoned snqs r b- sunrise xwrsn
stop, to nc y sunset xwr-txyz
storm ywzy, zwrny superfluous ft rmy
story znt superior sq tryqstr, xw⇣tr, ✓ m
straight fr⇣ty, wyzr- supper x⇣ m
to keep straight, make straight S p ⇣(t ny )⌥ r support ptr fy , *pt⇣ty-
to make straight or flat fry✓ support, to swxsty d r
straightforward fr⇣ty sure yc t, brtwx
strait tr t- surge forward, to xwb
strange w my surround, to wrs ( w)[sty], nyd wrs c f
stranger w mn fc, w my c f, *prwy-
strangle, to wdy✓ surrounding area pry wr
strap rwx⇣ suspend, to ↵qwc
stratagem qmp, rx(?) suspicion *dbn-
2
stream, to rw⇣ sustain, to pd r
street yzt sustaining (adj.) pd rny
402 English index
swaddling-clothes xw wnyq ten thousand brywr
swallow, to p r- ten-stringed S *⌥st r k
swear an oath, to swqnt + xwr- tend, to pr cr q d r
sweet xwc- tenfold ds -zng n
too sweet w n mry tent wy n, S *xr x
sweeter S nmry-str tenth dsmyq
sweetly pr nmry q, pr tny yty pr terrible wy✓pn q, wy✓p wny
nmry q more terrible *wy✓p wnystr
sweetness n mr wy, nmry q, xwc wy terror bnwqc, wy✓p-
swell, to dm- terrorstruck, to be f⇣n-
2
swept away, to be pm✓-(?) test, to xwz
1
swift tr - testament p⇣t wn
swim, to sn y testimony wyc wqy
swimmer *sn qty(?) text qryn
sword x r than c nw, cn, 2qd
sycamore yncyr wn- than that cywnt, cywy⌘
symbol r z, t py than these cymnt
symbolic r zy n than you (sg.) cf
synagogue w zqty thanks, thanksgiving z n-prsqy , bznb rqy , bzn-
Syrian swryq brqy
table pn to give thanks zn
(spread) table fstry that (conj.) c nw, 2qt, 2qy, 2qyt, 1m t,
2
tablet, writing-tablet pyd r w nqt, 1yty, ZY
2
tailoring (noun) ⇣wmqy in that (conj.) qt, 1m t, prywyd qt, prywyd
taint myq qyt, prywyd yty, 1yty, ZY
take, to s, br-, ny s, pcx⇣-, sxw y that (dem.) wnw, dywnt, dywy⌘, w n ,
to be taken nyms- w nw, w ny, wyd, 2x n , xwnx,
to take (in one’s company) pryp xwny, xyd
to take away sxw y after that cywnty prcy, cywydy prcy
1
to take captive wnyq *wn- at that, by that, in that, on that prywyd
to take counsel nbyr because of that cywy⌘ pyd r, cywy⌘ w x⇣y
to take hold of ny s pyd r
to take note ms wn- concerning that cywyd ... pyd r
to take off fr mnc, sxw y for that, into that qywy⌘ ... s r
to take oneself off bystr px⇣n from that cywnt, cywy⌘, cywy⌘ ... ms
to take out ny⇣q w on that occasion xyd-p t
to take over ftyr since that cywn⌘ (...) mc r
to take pains mpn br- than that cywnt, cywy⌘
to take pity z rysy- to that qywnt (...) s , qywy⌘ ... s r
2
to take refuge ntxs until that qywnt ... prm
to take trouble xwysm br- with that cywy⌘, dywy⌘
to take up sxw y that is, that is to to say wnw n x, w nw m y⇣t, xyd n x
2
taking (noun) s mnty, sy the w, 2⇣w(?), 2wy , 2wyny,
2
taking up (noun) swx y mnty wy⇣nt, 2x , 2xw
talk, to ✓y theft t ywny
talkative rf-✓ yny their ⇣n, 1wy⇣nt, xyp⌘
tares sqt- them ⇣n, 1wy⇣nt
target x⇣nyrq in them, on them prywnt
tarry, to wy✓t (...) wn- of them, to them ⇣n
taste zb b then nwqr, 2prw, 2ps , rty, twty,
taste, to pc⇣- wdy, wyd ty, wydn m,
2
taunt sxnt wydp t, xyd n m, xyd-p t,
1
tax-gatherer bw✓br yty
teach, to b nyq ywq ⌘br-, fs c, ywc, there tdy, wdy, wr
S [yw](k)w *ywc thereafter cywnt yrtr, cywy⌘(y) yrtr,
teacher xw⇣ty, S *mlp n p⇣ys , wdy prcy, *wdy p⇣ys
teaching (noun) fs q, ywq, ywq-⌘brynqy , therefore cymnt pyd r, cymy⌘y pyd r,
S *ywc mnty cywy⌘ pyd r, nwqr
tear (tear-drop) cwq-, ⇣y⇣q- thereupon cwpr-s r, pr psyt
tear, to (tr.) ptry⇣, 1zry⇣ these yd, yny, dymnt, m nt, 2myd,
to tear apart pwtqy prwyr my⇣nt, y nt
1
to tear off zry⇣ by these, concerning these prymnt
to be torn ptry⇣ for these, in these prymnt, prymyd
to be torn up ptry⇣y b-, pwtqy b- from these, of these, than these cymnt
tell, to prbyr, w b to these qymnt ... s
telling (noun) *prbyr mnty with these prymnt
1
tempest ywzy, zwrny they wy⇣nt
temple b n-, b yst n, ptqryst ny, thief ty
pw dy, S *⌃ ⌥ ny thievish pr y✓ny
temporary w⇣p n-✓mncyq thigh pt⇣t n
tempt, to zm y thing c, 1 yc, w x⇣
temptation zm qycq think, to myn-, ⇣m r
ten ds thinking (noun) ⇣m r
English index 403
third, thirdly ⇣tyq toil, to fs-
thirst c⇣n , c⇣nwqy token x⇣nyrq
thirsty c⇣nwq, S c⇣ ntk tomb frwrtqty, sqsy
thirteen ⇣yts tomorrow wc q
thirteenth S 13-mykw tongue zb q
thirty ⇣ys tonight tpy rcyq x⇣py
thirty-eight [dw ]qmpy ctfrs too ms
this yd, yny, dymnt, dymy⌘, too bitter w -trqy
m n , mwnw, 2myd, y n too sweet w n mry
after this cymydy p⇣ys r, cymydy tooth dnt
py⇣trw gnashing of teeth dnty-⇣q f
at this, by this, in this prymyd to gnash (the teeth) ✓ wrd
1
concerning this ..., for the top sr-
sake of this ... cymyd ... pyd r on top of cwpr
from this, of this cymnt, cymyd torch dmtyr
in this manner, of this kind cymyd xw n, cywy⌘ torment ptz ry, z ry wy
xw n torment, to ptzyr
in this world m⌘p r torn, to be ptry⇣
to this qymyd (...) s torn up, to be ptry⇣y b-, pwtqy b-
thither wts r torture z ry wy, ✓w y q
thorns sqt- torture, to z ry ⇥ ⇣t y
those dywnt, dywy⌘, w nt, w nyt, touch, to b w, mrws, pcmrws
wyd, x nt, xwny, xyd towards qw ... s (r), ptryt, ryty
by those, in those prywnt, 1prywyd towel dsprtry
concerning those, on those prywnt tower s rb
for those qywy⌘ ... s r town dyx w, qn⌘
from those, of those cywnt track q rp⌘
on account of those cywnt ... pyd r trade, to [x](w) qry *wn-
to those qywnt (...) s train, to fs c, wny✓
thought ⇣m r trained fs ty
thousand zr training fs q, fs tqy
threat zwydm , S ẓ-wy⌥ tramp r ⌘c
threaten, to zwydm + wn- trample, to prxw y, *p⇣pr
2
three ⇣y tranquil wrmty
three hundred ⇣yst tranquillity wrmtqy
three-pronged ⇣y-p d transfer, to
three-year-old *⇣y-srdy (due) to be transferred prbrcy
throat qm , S r⌥ transforming (adj.) ny zng-wny
throne ⌘wq, w d, xty q-w dy transgress, to xyr, ftyr-
through pr, pr ... cwpr(?), pr ... dstw transgression xyr mnty
through him pryw transient, transitory b r ny, ftryny, *ptyryny
throw (down), to p⇣ y trap p⇣n-
1
thrower p⇣yny trapping (noun) ptnym
thrust away, to f⇣t- travel r ⌘y ⇣w mc
thunder twntr travel, to r ⌘ ⇣w-, r ⌘ *xyr, ⇣w-, xyr
thunder, to S twntr *kwn- traveller r ⌘c
thus cymyd xw n, cywy⌘ xw n, tread, to prxw y
1
myd, prymy⌘ fr n , prywy⌘ treasure w(sc) [...], zn-, ptc n
fr n , w fyd, w nw, wnm treasury zny
2
tiger myw treat (as), to dr
time my⌘qry, n m, 1prtw, prwrtw, tree 1
wn-
✓mn- tremble, to f⇣n-, ⇣n-, wlrz, 2wyc, wy⌘rb
from time to time bdbd trembling (noun) bnwqc, wy✓p-
one time ... another time ... b d ... b d ... tremendous t wnty
1
tip (of a flame) nwq tremor wyc, wyc mnty
2
to qw, qw ... s (r), pr, s r trepidation f⇣n qc
to come (= due to come) pcp n tress mr wr
1
to her ⇣y trial pdyb rcy , 1prwyd, ptyrn
to him qyw s , 1⇣y, 1wyny trickle z r
to it qyw s , 1⇣y Trinity *⌘ly⌘yw⌘
to me mn , my triumph nqyny , wry q
to that qywnt (...) s , qywy⌘ ... s r triumphant, to be wry b-
to them ⇣n trivial n -pcm rcyq
to these qymnt ... s trouble mpn, ⇣qwr⌘y , wty , xwysm
to this qymyd (...) s to take trouble xwysm br-
to those qywnt (...) s trouble, to xw⇣(?), mp
1
to us m x, mn troubled symy
to you (pl.) ⇣m x to be troubled symy b-, xw⇣ty b-
2
to you (sg.) ty, tw troublemaker pc w qry, pc w -qryny
today nwr, nwr(y)cyq my⌘ true mng, 2r⇣t-, r⇣t , wyzr-,
1
together prw, yw wy q(y) S mnkcyk
together with srty(?), 1prw truly mng, d p t, pr r⇣ty q, r⇣t
404 English index
1
trust wt, 2pyr(?) unthinking mnt-m ny, *pw-m n
1
trust, to pyr until (conj.) qw prm + neg., mnt, wytwr
2
to trust (in) ↵wt, wt br-, S nwt ⌥ r (...) qt, wytwr prm m t
trusting (adj.) brtwx until (prep.) qw ... prm, prm, wytwr qw ...
trustworthy prm n, pyrcyq, pyrnyq prm
1
truth r⇣t-, r⇣ty q until that qywnt ... prm
concerning truth r⇣ty qmync untrustworthy pyt- wt
2
try, to xwz unwholesome mntxwpy
tunic qwr⌘y unwilling nwry✓qyn
tunnel *mwry unwisdom qbnq- rb qy
turmoil symqwny unwise mnt rb q
turn, to (itr.) prwrt, *wrt(?), zwrt unwoven n -wft
to turn away, turn back (itr.) zwrt unwritten n -npx⇣t
turn, to (tr.) prwyrt, zwyrt up sqys r
to turn away (tr.) pwyrt, zwyrt up to qw ... prm, prm
tusk * swr upon cwpr, myd n(y), pr, pr ...
twelfth dw ts-myq cwpr, pr ... cwpr-s , pr ... sqy
twelve, the Twelve (Apostles) dw ts upon him pryw
twentieth wystmyq upon me pr m
twenty wyst upon you (sg.) pr f
twenty-eight by twenty-eight ⇣twystqy ⇣twystqy upright fr⇣ty, 2r⇣t-
twenty-fifth S 25-mykw uprightly pr r⇣ty q
twenty-first yw-wystmyq uproot, to qn-
twenty-fourth ctf r-wystmyq upwards sqys r
twenty-nine nwwyst urge, to tr z y *wn-
1
twenty-one *yw-wyst us, for us, to us m x, mn
twenty-second *dw wystmyq use, to wry⌘ d r
1 2
twin ⌘↵m useful, to be pc y, ptspyn-
two dw useless pwtqry
two by two, two each dw dw utterance sfr cy
two hundred dwyst vain pwtqry, pw-wr , w ry
two hundred and valiantly pr qwy q
twenty-third *dwysty⇣ywystmyq valour qwy q
two-sided dbqyr n value xry wny
twofold dbqyr n, dw -zng n various znq-znq n
type fr n- of various kinds ny zng ny zng
tyranny zw-stwmqy veil pr⌘ynq, ⇣w⇣p , w ⇣ my
unanimity yw-s tm ny venture, to rxn-
unbound xwycq verdict nwm
unbuilt n -dyst verse w x⇣
unchanging pw-pcywp very ⇣yr, ✓ w
unchaste *xrycyq very carefully xwysm-bryny-str
unclean mntzprt very dear *fry n-frytm
uncovered *fr wdy(?) very deep *w -nywqst
under c dr, c p r, cn ... c p r, nys (?) very excellent w -p r zt
under an obligation ptyqn very great przr, wntn
understand, to p y, 2by p, ptbyd- + pr very high *w brzt
1
understanding (noun) ptz n, S *pt r⌃ty very many przr
lack of understanding mnt-ptz nqy , mnt-ptzny , very much rf, przr, ⇣yr, ⇣yr ✓ w, ✓ w
*nw-ptbydqy very new *tr-nwy(?)
without understanding mntptz ny very strong w -t wnt
undertake, to ny s vex, to b✓ xwq wn-
underworld mwrty-d m, *⇣ywl vexed b✓ xwq
undiscerning *yxwnq-n -ptz ny vicinity pnt wy, pry wr
undying n -myryny vicious ryq
unfortunate b✓xry victorious nqyn, wnwny
ungrateful nwbzny to be victorious wnyq wn-
unhappy ntwxcn q, b✓ xwq victorious ones nqynt dyt
union (sexual) bnt victoriousness nqyny , wnwnqy
2
united, to be bynt victory wnwnqy , S *skrtky
unity s tm ny , ẏw ̣ ẏ of victory wnwnqy myc
1
unjust *n -d tcyq view wyn
unknown n rb t vigil ⇣hr , w r tqwny, w r tqy
unlovely *pw b wny to keep vigil w rs
unnecessary n - w ncyq vigilance p tqwny
unpleasant mntxwpy village dyx w
unprofitable pw-wr vineyard b
unruly pwywq virgin pwryc
unseen n -wyt virginal pwryc-mync
unspun n -rwy⇣t virginity pwrqy , pwrycy
unsuccessful mbst-ry✓y virtue ⇣ nwxy , ⇣yr qty
untainted pw- myq virtuous rt w, ⇣yrqty, ⇣yrng ry
untaught pwywq visible wyn ncyq, wyn wcyq
English index 405
vision f⌘ys, wyn mnty, wyn ncy , whence? cqn , cn qw ms
wyn ncyqy , wyn wcyqy where? qd m-z yy, 1qw
1
visit, to brz br- where qw, qwr⌘, qwt, wdy qw, wdy
visitation brz wy q qw
vivify, to ✓w wherever qw s r qy
1
voice wxr whether qd , 1qt
vomit q xw⇣ ty whether ... or ... *2qd ... qd ...
wages prxy which? cw, qd m, 1qy
wail, to wxn from which? cqn
waist myd n which cw, qd m, 3qt, 1qy, 1qyt
wait, to wy✓t (...) wn- for which qwts r
to wait for pcqs- while c nw, qw prm, mnt, wytwr
waiting (adj.) *pcqsy (...) qt
wake, to (itr.) w rs for a little while qbnq
wakeful w r ty lasting a short while w⇣p n-✓mncyq
wakefulness w r tqwny, w r tqy white spyty
waken, to (tr.) w ry⇣ whither? qw s (r), qwts r
1
walk, to w⇣t(?), xyr, ⇣w- whither ws r qwt
1
able to walk xyrny who? qy, 1qyt
3
wall q⌘ m who qt, 1qy, 1qyt
2
wander, to yb whole (= complete) ty, 1m wn, s t
wandering (noun) y b qc, y b mnty, y b-p dqy whole (= healthy) ✓wq
1
want, to qm whole-heartedly cwxcm n-y
1
war xs, xwnc wholly s t ywp tqy
acquainted with wars ↵xs- rby whore xrycq
ward off, to fstxwmp why? cqn pyd r, cw, cw pyd r, pr
warrior S x skry cwty
wash, to sn y wicked b✓ng ry, nt qry, ryq
washing (noun) sn y mnty wickedness *b✓nq rqy , b✓nq ry , b✓yq
washing of hands dsty-sn m widow wydwc
waste, wasteland qtsqnty wife db mn, wdw
to lay waste qsqnty qwn- wild ↵ry
watch, to (itr.) w rs wild animal *dt-
to watch over py wilderness dx⇣t-
water p belonging to the wilderness dx⇣cyq(?)
wave qwf wile mpwzn, rx
1
wavering (noun) w⇣c(?) will ry✓
way q rp⌘, qmp, r ⌘, xw n exercising free will ztq m
1
in no way yc + neg. pertaining to the will
way of life dwbr , ⇣w mc, ⇣w mnty of God bg nyqry✓-mync
1
we mx willing, to be nm-
weak mntz wr, nyz wr, xw t wine mdw
weaken, to (tr.) xw t prwyr wine-press crxw⇣t
weaker xw tr wing wz
weakness mn⌘z wry , nyz wry , xw t wy, winnow, to ✓w◆✓
xw ty wipe, to prsm
wealth r m , r my wisdom rb qy
2
wear, to dr wise rb q, nyx
wearing (adj.) n wsty wisely rb q- wny
wedding b ny⇣pqty, z mty wiser, wisest rb q-str
Wednesday ctf r-⇣md wish dy, 2q m, 1ry✓
1
week bt -my⌘ wish, to qm
weep, to ry witchcraft y tqwny, y twqy
weeping (adj.) pwrn-cwq with cn, dn, dn ... prw, nbnt, pr,
1
weeping (noun) x⇣ywn prw
weight r n wy with all your heart [cw]xm (ny) prm
well (adv.) ⇣yrw, 2⇣yry with him/it 2
dyw prw
1
well-being yc t wy with me d m prw
well-fed mprt-xw r with that cywy⌘, dywy⌘
well-wisher ⇣yrxwzy with these prymnt
west xwr-txyz with you (sg.) d f prw
western direction xwrtxyzqyr n withdraw, to nx⇣, px⇣n, S pty-s(?)
what? cw, qd m wither, to ptw s
in what manner? pr c wny fr n , pr c wnc fr n withhold, to pcxw y, prxwn
of what kind? c wny, 1c ny within myd n(y)
What is holy to those without pw, pw cn
who are holy *qwd⇣ lqd̈y⇣ without anyone pwnydy
wheat ntm without change pw-pcywp
wheel cxr- without deceit pw-prdbn
1
when? qd without desire S *pwryz-y n y(?)
when c nw, c nw qt, 1qd , wyd ty qt without drink *pw-c⇣nt
when once yw-b t(?) without fault pw- myq
406 English index
without fear pw-dbn to wrap around wrs *prwy-
without food *pw-xwrt wreath ps q
without lineage nw-qwtr wretched by✓br n, b✓xry
without precedence pw- xw⇣yc(?) write, to npys
without reward pw-p cr t writer npysny
without sin *mnt w n, 1pw- w n writhe, to *wrt(?)
without understanding mntptz ny writing (= something written) m rdny, npx⇣ty, npyq,
witless pw-⇣y pwsty
witness (act of) wyc wqy writing (abstract noun) dpyry
2
witness (person) wyc wy writing-tablet pyd r
false witness (person) ✓ m-wycwy written text npx⇣ty
witness, to wyc wqy ⌘br- wrong b✓yq
wits ⇣y wrong-doer pd tqry
2
woe! alas! w t, w y wrong-doing (noun) *pd tqrqy
wolf wyrq- year srd
woman ync, stryc yearn for, to rw✓
womb * ✓wn-brc, z ty-brc yeast m dn
wonder qr✓wrz, wrcwny , 1wyd s, yellow *zyrty
wyd s wnqy yes dpt
2
wonderful wyd s wny, wyd snyq yet ps , 1tym, tym prm, 1yw r
wood d rwq nor yet ms z m + neg.
wood of the cross pt⇣ng-d rwq yet more tym (...) fy tr
wooden d rwqyny yoghurt rxpyn
word sfr cq, sfr cy, swxn-, w x⇣, yoke y w-, 1ywxt-
1
wy br yonder w⌘p r
work rq, qty you, for you, to you (pl.) 1fn, ⇣m x
worker mr z you (sg.) -f, fy, -t, t f , t w, tw
world ftqy⇣pw, d m, fcmbd against you, in you (sg.) pr f
belonging to the from you, than you (sg.) cf
2
world, worldly fcmbdcyq, fcmbdyq to you (sg.) ty, tw
in this world m⌘p r upon you (sg.) pr f
worried, to be wy⌘rb with you (sg.) d f prw
worry bnt young man qncy, wy pt t
worse rytr younger qncystr, q⇣tr-
1
worship nm c your (pl.) fn, ⇣m x, xyp⌘
worship, to nm c br-, sp⇣- your (sg.) tw , 2ty, xyp⌘
worshipper *nm c-bryny Your Majesty (as a form
worthiness * y✓nty of address) x⇣ywnqy
worthless pw-wr youth (young man) qncy, wy pt t
worthy y✓n, y✓nty youth (childhood) tyw qy
worthy of honour zpry qcyq zeal rsq, xwd wny
wound d- lack of zeal n - xwd wny
wrap, to *prwy- zealot, zealous rsqny

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BEITRÄGE ZUR IRANISTIK

Gegründet von Georges Redard, herausgegeben von Nicholas Sims-Williams

REICHERT VERLAG WIESBADEN 2020

2nd edition, revised and completed

REICHERT VERLAG WIESBADEN 2020

The publication of this revised edition was supported by a subvention

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek

© 2020 Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag Wiesbaden

A note on the second edition 9

References and bibliographical abbreviations 13

Symbols and conventions 19

Part 2. Syriac–Sogdian–English 245

English index 377

A note on the second edition

Parallels to the Sogdian manuscripts in Syriac script

E28/3v-8r (D⌅di⌃o⇤ Qa⌥r⌅y⌅ on Abba Isaiah): Draguet 1972.

Parallels to the Christian Sogdian manuscripts in Sogdian script

AoF = Altorientalische Forschungen.

1, 2, 3 = 1st, 2nd, 3rd person Mt = Matthew

* An asterisk preceding a word indicates a hypothetical (corrected, unattested or partially

Alphabetical order: ⌫ (S ⇡) b (= S ⌘) c d (= S ) f g/ğ h ⇠ k/q l m n p r s ( t/+ w x y z ,

E26/27v15; ~ mn ⇡lm ‘from eternity’ Ps24.9*; similarly cn fcmpd ⌫z pyr-s⌫ (recte

S ⌫krt⌫y Ps6.1, *⌫krt⌫ny: see qt⌫ny.

⌫sq⌫s⌫r, ⌫sqys⌫r: see sqys⌫r.

⌫tqw = 1⌫t + 1,2qw.

⌫w-, ⌫⌫w-: see *⌫w-⌫wt⌫qcyq, *⌫⌫w-q(n̈⌫, ⌫⌫w-nyzny, ⌫wr⌫+y, ⌫⌫w-zb⌫qy.

*⌘wstqy noun ‘confidence’(?): ⌧w(s)[tqy⌫] E28/66r28.

⌫⌫ym: see 1⌫y⌫m.

*dw t- f. ‘daughter’ ~ brt⌫ ‘id.’: nom. sg. d[w t⌫] E27/26r8.

frytm: see *fry⌫n-frytm.

w ncyqy f. ‘what is necessary, necessity’ ~ ( t⌫ ‘id.’: w⌫ncyqy⌫ E28/12v28; obl. w⌫ncyqy-⌫

wn: see w⌫n.

k⇢ ny m. PN ‘Kenay’ E26/14v11, 14, 15r7, 10*.

qd m-z yy adv. ‘in which position? where?’ E41.2.

—Forms: qdn-qry E30/1v22* (clumsy spelling); qt⌫nyq⌫r E28/17v26 (abbreviation or mis-

—Forms: qwr+✏ Mt5.40 E5/28v; qwr+y E29/4v4; pl. qwr+✏t E27/57v23.

qyl+⌫y E28/18r30: mistake for qly+⌫y.

mnt- r̈psty adj. ‘powerless’ E26/2r21.—Cf. ⌫rpsty.

mycy⌫: see s⌫cy-mycy⌫.

nyq⌫wy: see nywq⌫wy.

p  m. ‘protector’ E26/29v6*.—Cf. t✏m-p⌫(✏.

p⌫ty: see py, xyd-p⌫ty.

prbrcy adj. ‘(due) to be transferred’ E30/2v20*.

prp/prpt: see pryp.

pẗ , pẗt⇢ m. ‘fall, collapse’: pẗ⌫ E26/2r19; pẗt-⌫ E26/2r18*.

ptc (t-: see 1pc ⌫z.

—Forms: ptqryst⌫ny E23.237, 242, 279*; pl. ptqry(s)[t⌫nyt] E28/10v20.

—Forms: pcng-d⌫rwq Mt16.24 E5/127r; pcngd⌫rwq E34v14*; pt(ng-d⌫rwg E36/2v11; pt(ng-

ptyzyr: see ptzyr, ptzyr-.

23v11* (rest.!); ~ qymt⌫ ‘pillar, monument’ E27/104v2. Phrase *b nyq pw dy ‘house of

—Forms: (pnm)cyq E27/102r23; p✏nmcyq E27/31v7; pynmcyq E27/51v11*, 55v16;

r ⇠t q noun ‘guide’ E26/1r14; E28/18v21.

ryncwq-m ny adj. ‘frivolous, contemptible’, lit. ‘light-minded’: *ryncwq-m⌫ny E28/1r22 (MS

d r ‘to perform service’ E26/12v13; E28/27v20* (~ pl p al ‘to serve’); sp sy d r mnty

†(srd⌫r) E36/1r1: read s(⌫r).

swqbr⌫nc: see swgb⌫r⌫nc.

⌫bt (Syr. name of a month) ‘&b#*’ E26/5r27*; E27/65r30, 69r23.

⌫lymwn m. PN ‘Solomon’ E26/23r16*, 21, 23*.

⌫t t num. ‘eighty’ ~ tmn⌫yn ‘id.’ Lk16.7 E5/48r.

⇠b r-xw⇡qy f. ‘beggary’ E27/51v9*.

*tybry⇧s-swmtr GN ‘the Sea of Tiberias’: [tybry](↵)s-swm(tr) Jn21.1 E5/80r ~ ym⌫ d- *ybryws

w y interjection ‘woe! alas!’ E28/10v16 (~ wy ‘id.’), 22B.—Cf. 2w⌫t.

wsp-, wsprd, S wsp-: see wysp-, wysprd.

⌫w-, ⌫⌫w-: see ⌫w-⌫wt⌫qcyq, ⌫⌫w-q(n̈⌫, ⌫⌫w-nyzny, ⌫wr⌫+y, ⌫⌫w-zb⌫qy.

⌫bt (Syr. name of a month) ‘&b#’ E26/5r27; E27/65r30, 69r23.

⌫lymwn m. PN ‘Solomon’ E26/23r16, 21, 23.

tybry⇧s-swmtr GN ‘the Sea of Tiberias’: [tybry](↵)s-swm(tr) Jn21.1 E5/80r ~ ym⌫ d- ybryws

10r12; E30/2v7; E33A6*; wyd⌫rn+ E24c3.71; wynd⌫rnt E26/16v19; wytd⌫rnt E26/30r25; 3

— nsb p al + nsyn✏ ‘to obtain experience’ ~ prm✏y ‘to experience’ E28/7r20.