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    MrTwo Beers
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    Corpus of Texts by and about Bessarion

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    Corpus of Texts by and about Bessarion

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    817 Ansichten664 Seiten

    Μohler, Kardinal Bessarion

    Hochgeladen von

    MrTwo Beers
    Corpus of Texts by and about Bessarion

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 664

    QUELLEN UND FORSCHUNGEN

    AUS DEM GEBIETE DER GESCHICHTE


    XXIV. BAND

    LUDWIG MOHLER

    KARDINAL BESSARION
    ,
    ALS

    THEOLOGE, HUMANIST UND STAATSMANN

    FUNDE UND
    FORSCHUNGEN

    1II.
    IU. BAND

    AUS BESSARIONS GELEHRTENKREIS

    NEUDRUCK DER AUSGABE PADERBORN 1942

    1967

    SCIENTIA
    SC IENTIA VERLAG AALEN

    FERDINAND SCHONINGH
    SCHNINGH PADERBORN

    AUS BESSARIONS
    GELEHRTENKREIS
    G ELEHRTENKREIS
    ABHANDLUNGEN, REDEN.
    REDEN, BRIEFE
    ABHANDLUNGEN.
    VON

    BESSARION, THEODORQS GAZES,


    MICHAEL APOSTOLIOS,
    APOSTOLlOS, ANDRONIKOS KALLISTOS,

    GEORGIOS TRAPEZUNTIOS, NICCOLD


    NICCOLO PEROTTI,
    CCOL
    NICCOL CAPRANICA

    HERAUSGEGEBEN
    HERAU5GI!GEBEN
    VON

    L. MOHLER

    NEUDRUCK DER A USGABE PADERBORN 1942

    1967

    SCIENTIA VERLAG AALEN


    FERDINAND SCHONINGH
    SCHNINGH PADERBO
    PADERB

    Li~nuusgabe
    Li~nuusgaJ:,,

    m!!
    mit fm.ndlicher
    fm.ndlimer Gendtmigung
    Gendmigung der
    <!er

    Verbgsbu,hhand!ung
    Verhgsbu,hhand!ung Ferdinand &hningh,
    &hningh, Padetbom
    Paktbom
    TiteInummer 2OY03393
    2}/3393
    Titelnummer
    Gesamtherseellung: fotokop,
    GesamthersceIl\lng:
    fo., Reprograliseher
    Reprogafscher Betrieb GmbH
    Hilperuene
    HIperncraBe 8, Dmnstade
    Dmnsadc
    PRINTED IN
    GERMANY

    VORWORT.
    Mjt vor1iegendem
    Mit
    vorliegendem Band gebe ich eine Reihe
    ReiIle der versclUedenartigsten
    verschiedenartigsten
    Schriften aus Bessarions GeIehrtenkreis
    Gelehrtenkreis hcraus.
    heraus. Zlll1chst
    ZlU1achst jst es
    Bessarion selber, der hier mit mehreren Abhandlungen als Theologe,
    Philologe und Humanist Geltung beansprucht. Die ibrigen
    brigen sind durchweg Persnlichkeiten,
    Persnlichkeiten, die in
    n der Geistesgeschichte ihrer Zeit eine
    Rolle
    gespielt haben. So
    50 vor allem
    allern Theodoros Gazes, der als
    a1s Philologe
    und aristotelisierender Philosoph des XV. ]ahrhunderts
    Jahrhunderts ein Mann von

    selbstii.ndigem
    selbstndigem Denken gewesen ist
    jst und nach dieser Hinsicht im
    damaligen lta1ien
    Italien kaum seinesgleichen gehabt hat. Die philosophischen
    Schriften, die ich von
    ihm hier vorlege, sind bisher in
    der Hauptsache
    nur
    dem Titel nach bekannt
    bckannt gewesen, ein
    Umstand, der in
    mehrfachen
    iber diesen Gelehrten 2'U hchst
    hOclst unzutreffenden Urteilen geArbeiten ber
    fiihrt
    fhrt hat.
    Gazes' Reden, die
    d er als Profes5Or
    Professor an der Umversitit
    Universitt Ferrara
    interessanten Einblick
    Einblck in den Studienbetrieb
    geha1ten
    gehalten hat, geben einen
    $je durften, wenn seine
    se.ne Geltung erfaJ3t
    erlat werden soll,
    5011, hier
    seiner Zeit. Sie
    ebensowenig fehlen, wie die kleine Nachscbrift
    Nachschrift eines seiner Katheder
    vortrige, der ihn
    uns bei seinen VorJesungen
    HJ3 In
    Gazes'
    vortrge,
    Vorlesungen sehen lt.
    Gares'
    schftsteesches Arbeiten ragen ein
    paar andere Schriften von

    schriftstellerisches
    Mi chae l A
    postoli os und Androni kos Kalli stos. die mit
    nit eben50viel
    ebensoviel
    Verst1indnis
    MiBverstindnis nach Humanistenart einen hellen
    Verstndnis wie Miverstndnis
    seiner Reise zuriickkom
    zurckkom
    Streit vom Zaun brachen, bis Bessarion, von
    mend. selber Einhalt
    EnhaJt gebot. Auch hierber
    Neriiher ist allerlei in
    literargeschicht.
    lterargeschicht.
    gescheben worden, ohne da
    daJ3 die fraglichen Inlichen Darstellungen geschrieben
    zuginglch waren. Ein
    Antipode zu Gazes ist Georgios
    vektiven selber zugnglich
    Trapez untios, ein Streber, der in
    jiingeren
    jngeren Jahren von
    Bessarion
    gefrdert. spater
    spter jedoch wegen seines
    se.nes Halbwissens und seiner nicht
    gefrdert.
    einwandfreien Lebensfhrung
    Lebensfiih.rung bei dem Kardinal verlernt
    verfemt war. Die hier
    erstmals verffentlichte
    vertIffentlichte umfagreiche
    gehssigen
    umfangreiche Invektive zeigt ihn als geha.ssigen
    Gazes, aber auch als verbissenen Auenseiter
    Auenseiter gegenber
    gegeniber
    Gegner von
    Bessarion und seinem Kreis, zu dem er ursptiinglich
    ursprnglich h.atte
    hatte zii.hlen
    zhlen diirfen.
    drfen.
    Die Schrift des Niccolb Perotti, die sich hier seiner
    sener Invektive an
    schIieBt. trifft ihn fast zwei Jahrzehnte spater
    spter in einer anderen Sa.che,
    Sache,
    schliet.
    nimlich
    Kampf gegen Bessarions In
    Ca1umniatorem
    Calumniatorem Platorus. Auch
    nmlich im
    sie zeigt
    zgt Trapezuntios als einen wenig zuverlssigen
    zuver]assigen Menschen. geradeso
    wie einige Briefe aus dieser Zeit seine
    se.n trben
    trben Machensch.aften
    Machenschaften ans Tages-licht stellen.

    VI

    VORWORT.

    Im
    ln Unterschied zu
    d.iesen
    diesen literarischen Stcken
    Sttcken handelt es sich bei
    den weiter angereihten Reden Bessarions
    BessarioDs um Ergebnisse
    Ergebnsse seiner
    staatsm.innischen
    Tatigke.t als
    a1s apostolischer Legat in
    Deutschland. Ich
    staatsm..nnischen Ttigkeit
    wei,
    weB, da8
    da sie eigentlich nicht in
    den hier gespannten Rahmen gehren,
    gehren,
    aber sie sind wichtig zur
    Vervollstndigung
    Verollstii.ndigung des Bildes, das wir uns von
    Bessarions uberragender
    berragender Persnlichkeit
    PerSnlichkeit und umfassender Ttigkeit
    Titigkeit zu

    machen haben. Auch


    machenhaben.
    Auchde
    die Trauerred(",
    Traueed(", die NiccoJbCapranica bei BessarionsLeichenbegngnis gehalten
    rionsLeichenbegangnis
    geha1ten hat,
    , gehrt
    gehrt aus diesem Grunde hierher.
    Schlielich die Brjefe.
    Schl.ieBlich
    Briefe. Es war einmal
    einma1 notwendig, alle
    a11e erreichbaren
    Briefe Bessariom.
    Bessarion~ . gedluckte und ungedruckte.
    einem Korpus zu
    verull8cdruckte. in
    llieJ3t
    met a1les
    alles Mgliche
    giche zusammen: Privatbriefe, bald pereinigen. Hier
    snlichen,
    Snlichen, bald literarischen und philosophischen Inhalts,
    Inha1ts, auch amtliche
    Schriftstticke und Berichte. Sie bilden einen wichtigen Beitrag in
    erster
    Schriftstcke
    linic
    I.lnie zur
    Lebensgeschichte Bessarions und weiter zur Zeitgeschichte.
    Zeitgeschchte.
    Ich wnsche,
    winsche, da
    daB andere Forscher noch mebr von
    ibnen
    ihnen zutage frdern.
    fOrdern.
    Weitere Briefe reihen sicb an, hauptsichlich
    hauptschlich von
    Gazes, dann
    aber auch
    von
    anderen, die in
    geIehrten
    gelehrten Fragen mit dem Hwnanistenkardlnal
    Hurnanistenkardinal in

    Beziehung gestanden h.aben.


    haben.
    Die
    De Hauptmasse des hier veroffentlichten
    verffentlichten Schriftturru; war bisher
    ungedruckt. Einige Stcke,
    Stficke, die bereits gedruckt
    ged.ruckt zuganglich
    zugnglich waren, eferforderten eine neue Bearbeitung nach den Handschriften. Da.s
    Das gilt besonders von
    den vorgelegten Briefen, unter die ich der VolIst1indigkeit
    Vollstndigkeit
    halber
    einwadfrei herausgegebcnc
    herausgegebene aufnehmen
    ha1bcr auch einzelne bereits einwandfrei
    mute. Gesammelt
    muJ3te.
    Gesamm.elt habe ich das Material auf wnfangreichen
    umfangreichen BibliotheksBibliothek!;reisen, zum Teil schon im Zusammenhang mit der Vorarbeit fr
    r den
    1.
    . Band, anderes erst in
    d<,n
    d<ln letzten ]ahren.
    Jahren. Den Vorstnden
    Vorstiind.en und Beamten der na.mhaft
    namhaft gemachten Bibliotheken spreche ich an dieser
    deser Stelle
    fr
    {.r Auskiinfte
    Ausknfte und Mithilfe meinen besonderen Dank aus. Meinen Dank
    auch S. E.
    . Herrn KardinaJ
    Kardinal F. Ehrle (t 1934), der mir
    mr im We1tkrieg
    Weltkrieg
    :I914:94- IS
    8 zahlreiche
    za.h.lreiche Photographien von
    Handschriften der Vaticana und
    Ambrosiana besorgte, und neuerdings den Herren Msgre Dr. Stoeckl
    AmbrOIiiana
    Stoeckle,
    e,
    Rektor des Deutschen Campo santo in
    Rom und Dr. J. Marx, Scriptor
    am Vatikanischen Archiv, die mir mit
    m.t Ausknften
    Auskinften und Beschaffung
    von
    on H
    Hss-Photographien
    ss-Photographien aus italienischen
    ita1iel1ischen Bibliotheken mit grter
    grJ3ter Bereitwilligkeit geholfen haben, als mir unter den gegenwirtigen
    gegenwrtigen VerhltVerha.t
    nissen Bibliotheksreisen nicht
    ncht mehr moglich
    mglich gewesen sind. Ein weber
    weher
    Punkt bei so1chen
    solchen Verffentlichungen
    Verffel1tlichungen sind jederzeit die DruckkOIiten.
    Druckkosten.
    Namhafte Beitrage
    Narohafte
    Beitrge dazu gewabrte
    gewhrte u.a. in hochherziger
    hochherzigerWese
    Weise die Freiburger Wissenschaftliche GeseJlschaft.
    Gesellschaft. Ich spreche hierfiir
    hierfr meinen tiefgefhlten Dank aus. Im
    geftihlten
    1 ilbrigen
    brigen wurde die DruckIegungdurch ein anderes
    eintrglicheres
    eintr1iglicheres literarisches
    Iitera.risches Untemehmen
    Unternehmen meinerseits
    meinersets gewhrleistet.
    gew1ihrleistet.
    In
    einer
    ener liebenswrdigen
    liebensw.rdigen Besprechung des I.
    . Bandes (Byz.
    (. Zschr.
    XXIX.
    . 67)
    67") hat Seba s tian Me:rkle gesagt.
    gesagt, es wre
    wire zu wUnscben
    wnschen ge-

    VII

    VORWORT.

    wesen, da
    ! die Quellenbnde
    Quellenba.nde dem darstellenden Bande vorangegangen
    chtg; aber dann wa.rc
    wre ich jetzt erst mit einer Darwren. Das ist richtig;
    waren.
    gekomnen, was aus begreiflichen Grnden
    Griinden fr
    r mich zu
    spt
    spat
    stellung gekommen,
    gewoden wre.
    wue. - Aus dem vorliegenden
    vorlegenden Band hitte
    htte sich auch eine
    geworden
    ganzeReihe vonBanden
    vonBnden schaffen lassen, wenn ich jeweils Obersetzungen
    bersetzungen
    und weiter ausholende Einfiihrungen
    Einfhrungen beigegeben hitte.
    htte. Sicher ware
    wre
    frchte aber, da
    ! ich dann zu keinem
    kenem Ende gesolches erwiinscht.
    erwnscht. Ich frchte
    soiches
    iclt gentigt,
    gentgt, die Herausgabe weiterer
    kommen wre.
    berdies war ich
    ware. Oberdies
    denen ich nur Bessarions ]ugenschriften
    jugenschriften oder die kleine
    Stiicke, von
    Stcke,
    Rhodos (vgl. Bd. I.
    126, n. 6) nennen
    will,
    Schrift des Andreas von
    auf
    aU eine spii.tere
    sptere Gelegenheit zurckzustellen.
    zuri.ckzustellen.
    Ich fge
    ffige dem Band eine Reihe von
    Nachtriigen
    Nachtrgen und Berichtigungen
    friheren Banden
    Laufe der Jahre
    bei mir
    r angeBnden bei, die sich im
    zu den frheren
    sammelt haben. F\ir
    Fr manche Bereicherung bin ich anderen Dank schulsch
    dg, in besondererWeise einem franzsischen
    franzsischen Gelehrten, HerrnM.
    HenM. Vi1ler,
    Viller,
    dig,
    Professor am Pont. Institutum Orientalium Studiorum
    Studorum in
    Rom, der mir
    wertvolle Einzelheiten
    Einze1heiten zur VerfUgung
    Verfgung stellte. - Unter den Nachtrgen
    Nachtriigen
    Bessarions
    findet sich zu I 361 ff. eine Darlegung der Textgeschichte von
    In
    Calumniatorem Platorus, die wesentlich von meiner ursprnglichen
    urspriinglchen
    AUfassung abweicht und schon in
    der Einleitung zu
    dem Text des
    Auffassung
    II.
    . Band begriindet
    begrndet ist. An sich
    s.ich bedarf ja wohl die nderung
    nderung
    Werkes im
    friiheren Ansicht keiner anderen Rechtfertigung als die erneute
    eneute
    einer frheren
    Darlegung der magebenden
    maBgebenden wissenschaftlichen Voraussetzungen.
    Voaussetzungen. Auf
    AU
    einem Rezensenten des TI.
    . Bandes deswegen geuerte
    geau13erte Verwundie von
    derung
    denng wn
    run sei bemerkt, da
    daD die in
    Frage kommenden Codices Marciani,
    ich erstmals i. J. 1914 einsah, mir erst mehrere Jahre nach dem
    die
    Weltkrieg wieder zur Verfiigung
    daB deren Bearbeitung
    Verfgung standen, und da
    erst nach Herausgabe des I.
    . Bandes mglich
    mglich war.
    Freiburg i.
    . Br.,
    ., im Frhjahr
    Frihjahr 1941.
    L. Mohler.

    INHALT.

    ~~

    I.
    .
    2.
    3.
    4.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.

    8.
    9.
    10.
    11 .

    . .
    Bu.arionis
    B .. a.arioni s De
    D~ s.cramento
    s.cranenro E~
    Eu~
    Be.a.rioni.
    lI]ud
    ., .. I,: Sie
    51.. eum
    vo]o ma.nere, quid
    qud a.d te
    .. 1
    Be
    ... rion" In
    Iilud Evan,elii:
    turn volo
    Ben.rion's
    Bes r io ni s Libellu.:
    Lbellu.: Qu.od Natllta
    NatIIta COl15ulto &pt

    88

    . . .
    Be
    ., .... rionl.
    . De
    Oe .".
    Nat".,. et. Arte
    .. . . . . . . . .
    Bunflo
    Be.a.rionia
    tti. AdVet'$U8
    AdveT$uS Pietbonell1
    Pietbonen De
    Oe Substa.nm
    Theodori
    Tb.eodor Gaue
    Garae Advers
    Adversu.
    ... Plethooem
    Plethouem ptO
    pro Amtot
    $to""
    ..l.. De
    Oe Sut>.tantia
    sutanm
    Mi
    Ni c haelis
    haela Apostolii
    ApostoIi Ad Theodori Cazae
    pro Ariltotel
    Aritotel.. De
    Oe Substantia
    5ubtanta Ad
    vera
    vers .....& PlethOl1elD.
    Plethow Obiectiooes.
    Obie::tiones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    Androllici
    AIdroIIici Ca
    C.. llisti
    IIisti DeJemio
    DeJeuio Tllcodori
    Tlcodo Gaza.eAdvenu5 Joficbad'IIUI
    Joficbad'I! ApodoliulD
    lilD
    Theodori Gar,.
    Theodorl
    Ga~&<!
    .. AntiO'hetico1l.
    Antinhetico
    .
    Theodori
    Tbeod ori Cau.e
    Car&e De
    Oe Fato
    .
    Theodortli Gaue
    Theodo
    Gar ... Solutione5
    Solutone5
    .

    Theodorl
    Theod orl
    Theodori
    The odor
    odorii
    Theodori
    beodori

    Caza
    Caz& ..
    G.n .. ,
    Caza,
    Gaue
    Caza ..
    Gane
    Cazae

    9J

    14.
    14'

    !51
    1051 ,

    159
    I5Q
    170

    2042J(I
    23

    247

    '"
    '"
    '"
    ""
    264

    Theodori
    Tb,e odo ri Caz
    C a z ... Oratlon
    Oratloo ...

    12.
    13.
    14.
    1.5.
    15.

    7.

    Otatio d
    de.. Litteris
    Littes Grau
    Graecis .
    Oe Rectoratu Euch&ristic&
    De
    Euch&rtic. Oratio
    Ontio .

    10
    l .m,,,,, Rectoratn.
    111 DeponBDdo
    Depondo l.wgne
    Rectotns Onr.tlo
    Ontlo
    In
    Recto,..,m
    Recto.... :a Novum Onr.tio
    Onto . . , . . .

    23

    264

    16. Theodori
    Theod ori Gaue
    Gaza e Praefa.tio in
    ir lloanne
    oannem ChrysostoIDUID
    Chrysostomum Ad AlpbonsluP
    lpbonsulD Recem
    Ree . 269
    17. Georgii
    Georgi T
    rapuuntii
    . Adveraus 'IbeodoTum
    'IbeodorulD Gaum
    Ga:r&m in
    Petven.ionelIl
    Peveraone Probt
    ProbI ...
    lnatum
    naI Aristotw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    . 274
    2'74
    18. Nicolai
    NicoI.i Pe
    Perotti
    r o tti Rdutatio
    Refutatio DeliramBl1torulll
    Deliranentoum Georg:ii
    Geog:ii Trape~uutii
    Trape~uot
    . 343
    Busadoniss Ca.-dioali.
    BelIarioui
    CardiuaIi. Apostolicae
    Aposto1icae Sedi8
    Sedi Legati Ontionu
    l .
    .
    .

    376
    . 377

    19. Benarion;.
    Be ri o n is On.tio
    On.to b&bita
    babita in
    ir Conventu
    Cooventu NurmbgeoI
    Nurimbetgeaa .. . . . .
    20. Bnu.Tioni.
    II. Repli<;a.tio
    Repli;a.tio Iod
    ad Respoosionem
    Rosponsione Lega.torum
    Legatonm G-ennaniae
    Genania..
    .
    21.
    2 ]. B
    Beu.ado
    rloui
    n; . Eorum,
    :Eorun, q
    qae
    .....e post pm:r;m.m
    pm:r;mmm MIU
    Bu Replica.tiouem
    Replica.tonen ae<:uta
    ec lunt.
    l un\.
    brevs
    bTevis et
    :t lut:cincta
    luccincta Naa.tio
    Narn.tio . .
    .... . .... .
    ........
    ioll.;.
    IoDi Or.tio
    r.o b&bita
    babita pm fine
    > et
    :t so[utione
    lI01utiooe Coovent
    Convent u.
    u! Viellnenas
    Vi"nnenIs
    ..
    22. Be ....
    23. Epistola
    :I. Legator
    Legatorum
    u m omnium
    nniutD Germaniae
    Gernanjae Principum
    P1'incipum ad
    a.d Be5sa.rioDcm
    Be5sa.ocm ApoItolic&e
    lic.e Sed;'
    Sedi Legatum . .
    . . . . . . . . . . . .
    .
    24. Bettafionil
    l. ResPOOIIo
    Responso ad
    Iod eoedetn
    eoden Legatos
    Lepto . . . . . . .
    Ni co Iai Epileopi
    Episcopi Firrn.ui
    Finn a.ni Olatio
    latio in
    Funue
    F\!! B
    I"onJ
    ..iools
    25. N;cola.i
    Be
    na
    .
    fi o i.
    l. Epi.t
    , olae
    .,

    ..

    4. Ti+>
    +> "YJl.6qj
    ";,,6q -nj> ~
    n~I"f"Wli",
    I"f"WI",
    :I.
    :. Tij>
    ..~
    6. :
    ~ -nj> Ul
    ~ ,\t\lij>
    wvij>

    399
    399
    401
    401
    403

    ...

    4]3
    41 3

    I.
    Aw .. t11''''P'''
    tll''''P'''
    . 'Aw
    2. Tij>
    ..:n
    et~ . .

    3. T';;
    .;; .)
    A~ll

    384

    414
    418

    <22
    ."
    4ZI
    4

    '"

    '"

    INHA LT.

    7.
    8.
    9.
    10.
    11.
    12.
    13.
    14.

    1lo'1""'l"'pOq.
    '1""'1"' ...q. I1<mr.Tl"
    I1<m .........
    N,~ ...q. Xo:<>4
    Xo:Ioj. .

    Ilo.........,u.,
    .........,u.,

    .~X'<'.
    ,~X'<'.

    Noou).
    No~

    ...q. EI'tyn<>jJ
    Eyn<..

    M",b..,. MOl!
    ", 'I
    o,1tq>
    .; Iepo...,...oX.ow;
    Mot..-bu..
    .. ,1l4pq> .... t.;
    ...,...oX.ow;
    BT
    B....... (v
    p.w 'I<.><hvn
    h .Mmo:otpt
    .Mmo:otp. T<j>
    <j> ~
    ~pl<.;v Kop8,...o-;
    B-ot(v
    <8,&. K..,....,.,...m
    K~..... xot~
    n.w.~

    . . .

    Beo
    Cardina.U. Capit"lo,
    Capitulo, Can"oici.
    Cano~ici . et CapeUaois
    CapeUa~; . eccl
    ... iae Dllooecim
    Dllodedm
    Be ...rion
    o Cardina.li.
    eccl""ae

    Apostolorum de Urbe . . .
    . . . . .
    449
    1.5. B
    ..!.<, Patr;
    15.
    B ......
    ..;on CardinaliA
    CadinaIiA Beat;"'i
    BMMno
    .,.; Eogenlo IV
    . . . . . . . . .
    4!iO
    16. B''1arion
    Bs on CardinaIis
    CardinaliA Th,,~e
    Tho~e de Sarzana
    452
    17. B
    B.. ..-ion
    rion CardinaIis
    Cardinalia in
    nOva'"
    nOvan Metaphysicol"llm
    Metaphysconm Ari.ioieI;.
    Ad.toteli. Trans1atione:m.
    Trans!ationem. ad
    Alphonsum Regem.
    AIph"nsllm
    Rege:m. Pra.efatio
    .. . .

    18. IlTptIotpt..w
    Bpt.ot... Kp&...o."
    &'-">." rUIIFrl<t>
    ( ...q. r
    r ...
    .....m;.
    19. c-y.o;;
    r~",," 6
    I><; B".,.....
    rein
    l" ..
    "",
    ,..... pU,,"",
    . . . . .
    20. DTpo""fcDpn""f-. K<&.~
    ey( ...q. .umj">
    K..,.&.~ r""Prl<t>
    rl~
    21. c-y.o;;
    r

    .,u,1><;
    .,,", O,l"o~
    ..... . . .
    2\.
    r~"" 6
    B,I""~'"

    ."
    .....
    '"

    22. IlTptIotpl<.;v
    D.:ot(v ot&~
    Kotp&~ '1"~..,
    1lo'1"~~ ><otI
    otI 'A~

    KpIk~ N,xo)+,.,
    23. Bpnpl..,..
    O~oI..,.. ..&~
    ,,.. ...q. :&rxo.......atoc,>
    ro.......t'C'
    24. B
    r
    ., arion
    ari<>n Cardi
    Cadit>.Ii
    ... lis. LaunntiQ
    Laurenti V.iJen'"
    V.llensi

    2:1. Franciacu.
    .. rion; Cardinali
    Francac". Barbaru.
    Barb&ru. BM
    B""'ro
    CardinaJ
    26. B
    : I .. ri"n
    non Cardh"di.
    Cadi_li. Fr.ncisco
    Fr.ncsco Barbar"
    Barbaro
    ZT.
    . Be7"arlon
    no,'.rlon Cardinali.
    CadinaJi. Francisco Barba.... .
    28. Fn.nciacua
    Fn.n<:acu. Barbarul
    Barbar ... Deo
    nes..ri",,;
    riOD; Cardinali
    CadinaJ
    29. Bessarion
    BessariOD CardinaH.
    CadinaH . Fn.nciaeo
    Fn.nci""", Foscari Dlld
    Dllci Venetiarum
    30. n.,-o.pc-. M,x.+,>.v
    ,.+,>. '~
    'A~
    31. ~ M.x."'<,N.>
    ,.,,",.> nocrro>.U>
    'A~
    32. Bij<ltlQptc.w
    Bij<ltlQ..w M.x.ot+,N.>
    ,.+,.> ~
    'A~
    33. ~.. M,x:~ 'A~

    34. O~
    B~ M,x:~ 'A
    '"
    .. w ,o)...~
    ,o)(,~
    3.5. n,.,a<JotpIc.nt
    q'
    35.
    .< M,X~
    M,x~ 'A"w,,,,
    'A"w,..H
    Hq'

    ',u<!.. K~'-">."
    .. oii

    36. B"ou"l'>w."
    K~...o." "f1j>
    ~ c~
    e.:~
    3 7. B"!')O<fotf>tc.w
    37.
    B....-..>..w Kp&,...o."
    <&,'-">." e.:...a.:'fKt>
    c..Jt'f' .. . .
    38. B
    'arion
    '2ro CardinaliI
    Cardinali. Ludovico M.rchioni Mo.ntu
    Mantu ...

    39. Bessarion
    Besoaron CardiDaliS
    Cardi"a1s Fn.tri ]acobo dc Marchia
    March ..
    . . ,.,''.-on
    ...;00 Cardinali. Na.d"
    Nardo Palmeri"
    Palmerio
    ... .
    41 . Bessarion
    Bsa.ro Cardinali.
    c-rgo Regi Bohemia.e
    41.
    CardinaU. c-rgio
    Boberniae .
    ulon Cardinali.
    Aug.,. tae
    42. B
    "'
    ,,"""
    Cadi_Ii. eon..,llhus
    c.:...."Uhu. e t Communitati
    Communita.ti etvitJ.t1a
    CiVtJot1a A"8"".
    43. B
    ... rion Cardi_li.
    CardinaUs Nicol&o SagllDdino
    '
    Sagll"duo
    44. :a...
    :8es..
    .. rion
    ron Cardlnalis
    Cardlnals Jacobo
    ja.cobo Amm2_ti
    Ammanati
    45 . Be.Urion.
    45.
    Bo"ion. CardinaIis
    Cardin.lis Pio
    Il
    r Pontijicl
    Pontilici Mnim
    o

    46.
    4. Beaoarion
    neaoarion Cardinalil
    CadnaJis Pio
    II Pontifici
    P ontifici M&ximo
    M&xmo

    47. Ileu,,!o"
    E.,srIoD CardinaliA ]acobo
    Jacobo Amm .... ti . . .
    48. Br
    '"erion
    Cardlnali.
    CadloaH . ]acobo
    ]a::obo Ammanati
    Ammenati . .
    49. ~ <&..&.;
    ~...o...; M,X+,>.v
    ,+,>. T<j>
    <j> 'A,ooo
    ''LW.6ll
    .6).:n
    50. B"",,,,~
    B,)O,OI~ K<&,~
    Kp&,~ 'A~...q. KO!ll1a.ou
    Ko1a.ou
    .51
    5 1.. P ....
    .. .,.l
    rion
    On Cardiualis
    Cardinalis Chriatophoro
    Chri.tophor<> Mauro Duc.
    DucI VCDetor"",
    V CDetorurn
    52. Benarion
    BesHrion Cardinali8
    Cardi .... li. Pio
    11 Pontifici
    Pontifcl Mnimo
    Maximo
    ~. Bessa.rion Ca.di"aJis
    Ca.diDalis Pio
    Pontifici Maximo
    11 Po"tifki
    .54.
    54. B

    arion
    ", CardinaJis
    Cardinalis Jacobo A_anati
    A:nmanati .
    ~. B
    ..
    . Canlinalis
    Calh!.aJis ]acobo Amm .... ti . . .
    ' ' 'arion

    ..,
    ""

    ....

    ",,'

    .70
    '70
    ,

    '"

    '"

    '"'"
    '"
    '"
    '"
    ".
    ..,
    '"..,
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    . "'"
    . ""
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    ."
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    '"
    '13
    '"
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    ".
    '"
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    ...
    ",

    Xl

    I NHALT.

    hk
    ~. P
    '' ,,'
    57' rion
    "" Cardinalia
    Cardinala Pio

    ~~

    ~7.

    ~28

    58.
    9.
    60.
    6 1.

    .,
    ..

    63.

    M
    50..
    66.
    67.
    .
    68.
    69.
    70.
    7 1..
    71
    72.

    "".
    ".
    76.

    TI.
    .

    18.

    .,".
    8' .
    "'.
    .,
    81.

    83.
    84.

    11
    U Pontific:i
    Pontifi:; M"x;m..
    Maxim..
    . .
    P".
    B . . . rioll
    riOIl C&rdm..1is
    C&dn8.1s ]ac:obo Amm,a.ti
    A",m~ti Card.inali
    Card.i.a.li Papieui
    PM'
    BM"rII
    ''''''n C&rdi
    C&d""l$
    .... li$ Principi Christllp
    Cbristllp h01"n Mau...,
    Mall..., . .
    ...
    b;: Wo
    w. Ib.&c;o>-&:.&"&- ...... ",,aa,. _:
    n.u..wWSyou
    oMl.6yo
    ~ pbt;:
    _:i &101
    BIji.1O::p(
    :( ..... Tot.;
    ; ~~.;;
    ~~.,. ><IIllG:I'-.......
    ><l1<...... 'a..;;
    &;."" -rpLOiv
    pLOl.v If>x_
    ~o... :"v
    . ..
    Bop~_pIo.o To<.;
    <.; c~,v
    ! .. riolv
    ..&
    .",, Ih 3ou>.o<r<Nn
    3u>.<r<N .......
    .... ",kYto.
    ",&nto.
    Bopuplow
    c~'v olpxouo-..
    .",i,
    ov
    'P.:<1v
    .
    ~ 'Pw
    ....""" cp_~
    Cl>_~
    . . .
    . .. . . . . . . . . . .
    p.
    'rion I n Ube:I"" de Proc
    Pwc ....
    ..... ;one
    ione Spiritlls
    PallIum IJ Pontificem
    '5
    '!'OO
    5. Saoet;
    s..ucti ad PauIum
    M.",imum
    .",> ProoemiunI
    ProeMIIl
    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    B
    ....
    rioll
    er Soo"atui
    &ooatui Yenetorum
    Venetorum
    ..

    C&rdinalis Cbriotopbo...,
    Cbri.tobo..., Mauro Duci et
    rion Cud
    ....ilio Ficino
    B"
    ,,"" ";on
    Cad inalis
    ; .. "ti. M
    M"nitio
    ManliIius
    iciuus P
    ..
    . C&t"d.in.li
    C&f"<1in"Ii
    M.....i1ius l-'
    Ficious
    " '8rioni
    Bop.. pi
    Dop"
    ..... K..,.a.....u.,.
    ...&:.;; 'iv
    I......... n -n;.
    .. 'AyumU).
    '~
    ..
    . . ..
    P .... ,.;OIl
    riOIl ,'..ardina.lQ
    .... Mna.q Ad PauI
    Paul .. ", Pootif
    Po"tficem
    icem Maximum
    Dtt Errore
    EITore Paochat"
    Pachati
    8'onr;on
    P... r;on C&rd'oali.
    C&rdillal. lUuSlrilosimio
    lIIu s trisimi. et IlIclyt"
    In clyti ltau
    It.II."
    ... Principib.u
    P n cipbtl.
    B

    'rion
    ' Cardina!i.
    Cadi"a!i . Chriatophoro
    Chri8topboro Mauro
    ro Venetorum
    Venetrum Dtlc;
    Duci
    BeuU"ion
    B MtArion Caroinali.
    C.<1;_I. BNs,rlolli
    BMserlOlli MomLCho "ett Abbati
    Abbat
    Pruuioll
    B.r Card.inalis
    Card.;nals CuiIIeImo
    Gllillelmo F
    Fichet
    icheti
    B"
    B ' '''rion
    ..lnn Ca.rdina!i.
    C:.roina!i. CnilleI..,o
    GniIJehDo Fichsti
    Fi chet
    Fi:b.,t;
    8 .... rion CardinaJ"
    C.<1ne.$ Guillelmn
    Gnille1mo Fieh.,ti
    BE.Hio
    Br 'S'rion
    .. C&nlinalis
    C&rdinals GuiUelmo
    Gtli!1elmo Fichd
    Fch~t i
    B
    B,,=ro
    ' s,vion
    .. Cardin.a.lis
    C.rdin.a.lis CuiIJeltno
    Guilleltnn Fieh.ti
    Hcl.t
    Bss.rinni. C&roin.!j,
    B".nonia
    C&rdill8!is Ncae
    Ni<:aeni .
    BMurion
    BM.. rion Carojno
    Cardin d lis
    is Guillelmo
    Cuillelno l-"icheti
    Jo' icheti
    BF5sario"
    B " "rio" Cardinal.is
    Card.inal.i. C.loatio
    G_loatio Mariae
    M.n.." SfoTCiae
    5forclae DooniDo
    Dom"o MuI;"'"i
    Med;o.,,;
    p",oo"
    Priobus et CoIDm"Di
    Cmu,,; Ci ... itatiA Senenau.
    Senenu.
    P
    .... rioR C&nliualis
    C&nlioalis Prioribus
    B

    " " nioD


    Cardi".lis
    C.rdi".n. Fratribu.
    Fratribus Domus
    Domu. C&ritati$
    C&tat$
    Re3i
    B .... rion Canlinalis
    B""rion
    C.nlinalia Ludov;eo
    Ludov;::o Franeorum
    Fran::orum R"3i
    B
    ..
    ....
    ,,.;,,
    rio" C&ro;na!i.
    C&ro;nalis Duci Pritano;""
    Pritanlliae . . . .
    B,,,
    BF5"rion
    ..io" C&rdin.lis
    C&rdinals Sixto I V
    Pon
    Pontilici
    l iIici Ma.ximo
    B
    P"nrion
    .. nrion Cardinali.
    C.roillali. FTatribus
    Fatribus Domu. Ceritau.
    Caritatie .
    Dessarion C&rdin.lia
    Bessarion
    C&rdinoJi. Sixto
    5; IV
    Pont;!;c;
    Pontifici Mu:imo
    Ma.ximo

    n",.aa..

    .1&'
    '1&'1

    2. 8rl.lo'P"(
    s~ 4'p"'.t><kncct>
    o><1xc> 4>l)J)'?'!>
    \)J)r.p
    3.
    3 . ~ 'A~
    ~ -n;.
    .. ..Loou
    ~
    44.. g
    &,.pc.;
    &; ~
    'A~ ..q, 1<",1.)(7200
    I<",Uha""
    ~. ltop.<;
    lo6ltop.<; fho:r<Iw
    ~ J<.q:&..-..iM,
    J<.q:&-..iM,
    6.
    . QztJr:po<;
    Z6Jr:po<; ~ 1<"",&..,.0..:.
    I<"",a....u..:,
    7. 8
    D,po,"z><.- 1<"'fA,.o..:,
    Bz. 6&'P"(
    Ia..c( "","(
    l<o3..u..:s
    8. 9r6&>'P"(
    r6&.n;; '' (,.
    AMt""
    'A>.&:k
    9. ~
    8~ !>&o;
    ~ 'AM!;""
    A>.&:k
    10. :~
    Qz~ ,'AM!;ka>
    1.. 8
    ;:
    :,..
    11
    f t ; : 'A).o:!;t..o
    12.
    12 . 8ao!",'P"(
    z!-,c( 'o:Ico
    'A).o:~
    .. ~
    13. ~ l","I')"fp
    t.,,1'~ -n;.
    14.
    14 . .~
    edr~ ><:
    ,p<><: 4'poty><kncct>
    .y><1xc> 4'o.
    .""W
    W.1"(
    1~. C.o,
    Trapezuntus B""
    P'H,OO
    Goo' giu.
    Jiu. Trape>!untius
    rioni Caroi_1i
    Cardinali
    16.
    16 . Nicola.u.
    Nioolau. Perottus
    Perott\t$ B.e"8rioQ!
    ,". C&rdill.1i
    C&rdin.1i . .

    53.

    .......
    ......'"
    '"
    '"

    ""
    ""
    '"
    '"
    ""
    06'
    ,.,
    ,..
    ,.,
    ,.,
    ".

    ".

    ".

    ...
    ".

    ".

    ".

    57<
    57.

    '"
    >TI
    57'

    !3 1
    !>31
    536

    on
    ",
    ,,,

    Th.,ndo T;
    atque alin
    Theodo
    r i Gau,e
    C"~ .. ,, "tqu"
    "lo r um
    tlm Epinol.e
    EpiHoIa"
    . 8
    a
    z6&c(
    "')"''''*>",,1
    I.
    6&'P"( 6...,1'"1)"1'''''''
    ....1 r~.",tc;
    r~ .",r.; dW,oi;

    i!j29
    tl29

    '"
    ".
    ,.,
    58'
    ""
    ,.,
    ""
    ,.,

    ...

    ""
    ""
    ""

    ,
    XII

    INHALT.

    17.
    18.
    19.
    20.
    21.

    Omuibonus
    OaboD.us Leonice:Dsis
    Leice: ... 8
    BET"'oni
    " " 'ioni CaroirIaU
    Cadiali
    FraneiOCUl
    Fr&DG;ocus Philelphus
    Philelphul Bmnrioni
    Bnnoni CatdiD&li
    Catdial
    Fanciscu.

    ';ooi Cardioali
    Cardioal
    FAnd
    ...". Phildphu.
    Phildphua B
    Antornu.
    "onIII PauornUta
    Paooa JlessarioDi Card;nali
    C&rd;nal .
    JohaD.oea
    lohao. ArgyropalOll
    Argyropalo B
    BE"on
    E"lI'ioni Catdinali

    !WI

    ...
    '"
    ....'"

    00'

    Loci ScriptotulD
    Scritotm
    Vol\Ullinis
    own. JI
    :: B!75,rioll
    ! "ois I"
    " Calulluuatou:m
    Calumniato,. Platooi. Ubri Iv
    IV .
    VolumiDis HI
    VoIulDiDis

    611

    Nomina
    Nomn& Gruca . . . . . . .

    617

    Nomina Latin& . . . . . . .

    622

    ""

    Nam.e"regist~ ~ den
    Naneoregiste
    der deutacheD
    d""tache Anmerkungen
    Aumekuo8en

    629
    29

    NachtAge
    NachtrAge

    .......

    uod
    Bcrichtiaung_ . . . . . . . .
    uud Boriehtiaunl_

    <43. B.,.,..'"'Pu",y
    """.( Kcop&(o)."
    Kc&.." NtltO~ .. iji
    j l:.Jxouvlll
    Jxonll.....
    86. BeMarioo eardinaHs
    eadinaHs N>caeuus
    Nkaeous BoDcoliti
    BocoIItl Sallitlllll
    Sailltlllll
    87. B

    Can!inaU
    Cardina!j .' Ncola.o
    Card,nali Cu.....o
    .non
    NKoIa.o Cardi,nali
    Cu......, .

    632

    .64'
    64'

    BESSARIONIS
    S. R. E.
    . Cardinalis. Constantinopolitani
    Patriarchae
    DE SACRAMENTO EUCHARISTlAE.

    Die Handschriften des griechischen Textes wie der lateinischen


    1.
    bersetzung habe ich frher
    frilhe schon namhaft gemacht
    gemachtl.
    Als weiterer
    Vberset.zung
    noch eine Ausgabe .zu
    zu nennen: Argentorati.
    lateinischer Druck ist nocb
    Ex
    aedibus Schurerii 15131.
    1513'. Den griechiscben
    griechischen Text verffentlichte
    verffentlicbte
    ich erstmals in der Festschrift -M.
    -. Grabmann:
    Grabma.nn: Geisteswelt
    GeSteswelt des Mittelalters. Studien und Texte. Mnster
    Minster i. W. 1933. S. 1373-14Il.
    1373-1411. Ich
    lege ibn
    ihn hier nochmals vor mit mehrfacben
    mehrfachen Verbesserungen
    Verbesseungen nebst Bechtigungen, die sich aus emeuter
    erneuter Vergleichung mit den Handschriften
    richtigungen,
    ergaben.
    gebotener. griechischen Textes ist der Cod. Marc.
    Mare.
    Vorlage des hier gebotenen
    gr. 527, foI.
    l. 106 I42"
    42" (= M),
    ), ein Sammelband, in dem
    de Bessarion selber
    seine Schriften in chronologischer
    chronologSCher Reihenfolge vereinigt hatl.
    hat'.
    mehrere seiner
    Der hier berlieferte
    berliefefte Text ist eine Reinschrift,
    Reinschrift. in der eine zweite Hand
    (= M')
    ) .zuweilen
    Verbessetungen vorgenommen und Nachtrige
    2uweilen Verbesserungen
    Nachtrge am
    Rande gegeben hat. Auf
    Grund von
    Beobachtungen in anderen Handschriften Bessarions, wie Cod.
    COO. Marc. gr. 199 und Cod. Vat. gr. I43.5.
    435.
    "':iJlute icb hierdes
    Verfassersegene
    Hand~ . Verglichen
    Verglcben habeichdiesen
    habe ich diesen
    "llilllute
    hier des Verfassers
    eigene Hand'.
    Text mit dem Cod. Vindobon. Theol. gr. 257. fol. 77-II9
    77-9 (= B)
    ) und
    dem Cod. C 136 der Bibliotheca Vallicel1ana
    Vallicellana (= V)
    ) .. Hierbei ergab sich,
    aus einer Vorlage stammt, die einzelne Verbesserungen von
    vo MI,
    ,
    daB B
    da
    aber nicht alle Nachtrge
    Nachtrii.ge von
    M'
    ' aufwies.
    B
    ist im
    gan.zen
    ganzen eine
    sorgfiltige
    sorgfltige Nachschrift, .zeigt
    zeigt aber auch einige Lesefehler und Ausenthlt aber schon M
    Flchtigkeiten.
    Flichtigkeiten. V kommt, als
    a1s
    lassungen. Zuweilen enthilt
    eine spitere
    sptere Abschrift aus anderer
    andereT Vorlage mit recht vielen WillkurWillkrVerdeTbnissen, fur
    fr die Textgestalt nicht weiter
    weter in Frage.
    lichkeiten und Verderbnissen,
    1 L. MohIer,
    Mohler, Kardin.al
    ardin.al Be"l
    B"
    a rion
    ro I,
    , Paderborn 1923,
    '923, 243 n.
    . I.
    .
    I Die
    D Ang.be
    ngabe toinQ
    tonQ Drucw
    Dn" v. J. J4/n
    J41n bei S "c heebton_At2berg ...
    .. r,, Handbuch der
    Kl.th.
    ath. DogDlati.k
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    1.

    mt

    Bessarlonls
    Episcopi Tusculani,
    Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalis, Constantinopolitar,i
    Constantinopulitar,i
    Patriarchae

    Oe
    De Saeramento Eucharlstfae
    Eucharlltfae
    et quibus verbis
    erbis Christi corpus conficiatur.
    Sacrum
    Sacnm divinumque est euchaI'istiae
    euchatistiae mysterium,
    mysteum , per quod filii
    li Dei t.
    et haeredes
    baeredes et cohaeredes
    cobaeredes et eiusdem cum
    cun Domino
    Domno corporis efficimur,
    curn digne eo participamus. Sed quaeri inter Christianos
    cum
    ChStianos solet, quibus
    10 potissimum verbis intra
    n solemnes mi.ssarum
    missarum ritus
    tus sacrosanctum
    sacr05anctum Domini
    corpus et sanguis conficiatur. Alii
    A1i enim hoc facere alia existimantes,
    eDstinantes,
    Latini Ambrosium, Augustinum,
    Augustinum , Gregorium a1iosque
    aliosque doctores
    suos secuti, eum
    m doctrina, tum
    turn vitae sanctitate paestantes,
    pTaestantes, illa Domini
    verba
    erba id facere manifestissime asseverant: Hl
    Hoc e5t corpus meum,
    _m, et:
    16
    ,
    Hic est sanguis _S,
    _s. vanamque prorsus sine iis
    ! esse orationem sacer
    dotis opinantur. Graeci vero,
    VeTO, praesertim recentiores, eum
    Iaco
    Iacobo
    bo
    fratre
    tratre Domini, Basilio et Chrysostomo sentientes, singularis
    singulaS exempli
    et sanctimoniae viris,
    s, non illis Sa1vatoris
    Salvatoris nostri verbis Christi corpus
    et sanguinem confici putant,
    puiant, sed quibnsd.am quae sequuntur precibus
    20 saeerdotum.
    sacerdotun. Quibus in missarum
    mssarum officiis,
    offieils, quae singuli
    sing quique eorom
    eorem
    eomposuere,
    composuere, diu post recitationem verborum Domini, quae supra
    memoravimus, adhuc panem et vinum
    n oblata Deo munera appellant
    appeUant
    et Spiritum sanctum,
    sanetum, ut super ea descendat, benedicat, sanctificet. ac
    effCiat, invocant
    nvocant et precantur. Cum talis
    corpus et sanguinem Domini efficiat.
    25
    2 itaque tantaque sit de re maxima
    maxma inter Latinos Graecosque dissensio,
    dissensio.
    siquidem inter
    nter praesentes tantum
    tanturn ac
    ae nostrae aetatis viros con~
    versia
    ersia foret,
    loret, facilius de iis
    s posset quivis
    quiis pro sua opinione disserere.
    Cum vero inter eonununes
    conununes ecclesia.e
    ecclesiae doctores.
    doctores, veteresque et sanctissimos
    sanctSSimos
    patres nostros contentio agitetur
    agtetur ii
    sunt enim, qui et dissentire
    30invieem
    30nvicem et, ut alii quoque dissentiant. facere videntur - ipse me inter
    eos arbitrium constituere haud
    baud temere
    ternere praesumpsissem, nisi
    S me et iuste
    precantium petitiones ac cupido utilitatis nostrorum
    nostronm hominum, quorum
    salutis
    sa.luts et gloriae semper avidissimus fui, ad id mei ipsius
    ! oblitum
    oblitun
    compulissent, et illos inter
    nter se concordes reddere divino
    do fretus auxilio
    eompulissent.
    35 sperarem. Ut igitur recte nostra procedat
    proced.at oratio, et ventas
    veritas rei, quam
    .. MaTe.
    Mac. gr.
    g. j27.
    -_ Vindoboll. Theo!.
    TheoI. gr. 2$1 . vV -_ ValIicel]an.
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    120

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    10 Joh 8, 6J.
    63.

    DE SACRAM1!:NTO EUCHARI$TlAE.
    EUCHARISTIAE.

    quaerimus, facilius elucescat, a1iqua.


    aliqua. altius repetenda sunt,
    ,, a.ntequam.
    antequam.
    institutae quaestionis seriem aggrediamur.
    a.ggrediarnur.
    Ante omnia igitur
    igitUT sciendum est tam
    tarn hoc a(:Tosanctum
    sa::rosa.nctum communionis, 2de quo agimus,
    agmus, quam
    quarn caetera
    caetea ecclesia.e
    ecclesiae sacramenta
    sa.cramenta ideo sa<:ramenta
    sa<:amenta
    11 vocitari, quoniam
    quoniarn aliud in
    se habent quod
    od videtur,
    videtuT, aliud quod
    od non

    eorporis
    corporis oculis, sed irolo
    iroto intel1ectu
    intellectu comprehenditur. Quae videntur,
    sensibilia
    sensibila sunt, quae vero intellectu percipiuntur,
    pereipiuntur, spiritalia. Unde
    Und.e
    spiritus et vita dicuntur. V ~,.ba aIItclll,
    at/tc"" qua~ dixi oobis,
    x:bis, inquit Dominus,
    spntus
    spiritus sunt et vita. Horum praeteea.
    praeterea sacramentorum singula quaeque
    10duobus accipiuntur modis. Aut
    enim sacrameotum
    sacramentum signum
    sgnum est, aut id
    quod
    od significatur.
    signifieatur. Primum
    Primn quidem signum tantwnmodo
    tantnmod.o et est et
    dicitur. Secundum
    Secundnn vero res est, quae eo siino
    s\ino significatur.
    signifieatur. Onmis
    , enim
    theologica doctrina
    doctrna teste Augustino signis constat et rebus. Et
    res
    quidem suot,
    sunt, quae ut significatae accipiuntur,
    aecipiuntur, signa vero, quorum
    111
    1 1) onmis in
    significando est usus. Etsi enim omne signum res sit narn
    nam
    quod
    od non
    est res,
    ut idem Augustinus inquit, nihil
    nihI onmino
    est, et sic
    sie
    signum esse non
    otest

    potest -- ,, hoc tamen
    tarnen hoc loco signum accipitur
    aeeipituT non
    ut
    res significata,
    signieata, sed ut signum rem ipsam significans,
    signifieans, quatenus scilicet
    seiHeet
    signum est, et non
    quatenus res aliqua est.
    Quemadmodum ec um
    20 ascendentem ceIUimus
    cenus fumum,
    quatenus substantia aliqua sive res
    famum, non
    est, sed quatenus solum
    selum est signum
    sgnum ignis, signum
    signn esse dicimus, quia
    substantia
    substanta et res aIiqua
    aliqua est.
    est . Nam omne quidem signum res aliqua
    est, non
    tarnen onmis
    omnis res alterius rei est signum. Sunt enim res aliquae
    dumtaxat
    ut significatae,
    signficatae, non
    autem ut signa aliquid aliud
    allud signifisgnifi25 cantia.
    Quod in aliis
    alis saeramentis
    sacraments faeile
    facJe comprehendi otest.
    potest. Etenim in
    n 3, I
    sacramento baptismatis ablutio
    abluto carnis per aquam ita est sacramentum,
    ut dumtaxat
    durntaxat signum sit abiutionis
    ablutionis pe<:catornm.
    pe<:catorum. Ipsa
    Ipsa. enim peccato:rum
    peccatorum
    remissio
    renisso res est significata,
    signfica.ta, nihil ultra significans.
    5ignificans. Hoc idem in reliquis
    30 sacramentis.
    sacramentS. Ergo et in sacramen,to
    saeramen,to eucharistiae alterum
    altenm est solum
    soll1m
    signum ut panis et vini
    vini. visibilis
    visibils species, alterum
    a1teum res sign.ificata
    sign,ificata
    ut
    ipsum verum.
    verum Domini corpus et sanguis.
    sanguS . quod ex inunaculatis
    innaculatis beatae
    virginis
    vrginis sa.nguinibus
    sanguinibus assumpsit.
    assumpsit. Ven.nn
    en.n hoc proprium habet raeter
    praeter
    alia divinum hoc sacramentum
    a1ia
    sacraentum eucharistiae, quod
    od in
    eo res significata
    signifieata
    $alterius etiam rei signum est. Ipsum
    Ipsun enim verum Domini
    Domni corpus et
    sanguis,
    sangus, eum
    m res sit signo
    signa panis et vini
    significata , ut mox astendemus,
    ostendemus,
    est ta:men
    ta:rnen alterhl$
    alterw; rei signum,
    signn , euro
    cum significetmysticumChristicorpuset
    significet mystieum Christi corpuset
    eeclesiae
    e:lesiae in Spiritu sancto
    saneto unitaten.
    unitatem. Hoc vero non
    amplius aliam rem
    significat,
    sgnificat , sed tantum signifieatur.
    sgnificatur. Ita
    Ha fit,
    , ut visibilis
    visibiIS sirnui
    sirnul ac sensibilis
    sensibils
    40 specks
    species panis
    pa.nis et vini
    duplicis Tei
    rei signilicatrix sit.
    5. Signifi.cat
    5gnificat enim et
    verum corpus Domini, et Tes
    res significata et signum sacrum est et mysti~
    20 wx' fi M
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    DE SACRAMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHARISTIAE .

    cum e<:clesiae
    e<:clesae corpus. Quare panis et vinum signum
    sgnum est dumtaxat.
    Ipsum autem verum Christi corpus et sanguis, quod sub umbta
    umbra tegitur
    tegtur
    pani5
    panis et vini, significatum
    signficatum quidem a pane et vino, sipilicans
    sgnilicans autem
    mysticum
    mysticnn ecclesiae corpus,
    c:orpus, et tel>
    res est et signum.
    signnn . Mysticum
    Mysticnn vero el:
    e~
    significatum I"eS
    res tantum est nec lta
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    PraeteI"ea
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    quod taJltum
    tantun signum est, duarwn
    duarum rerum est signwn,
    signun, veri sc:ilicet
    scilicet et
    mystici corporis. Quod autem teS
    res est et non
    amplius signum. Duorwn
    sacrorum
    sacron.m signorum
    signonm res est, hoc est visibilis
    isibilis speciei panis et vini. et veri
    in eis contenti corporis
    corpos Domini.
    Donni. Verum autem
    autern corpus et sanguis,
    sangus, si
    10 ad alterwn
    altetWD aspicias invisibile
    inviSbile sacramentum, res est, si ad mysticum
    corpus, est signum. Rursus primum quidem, quod signum tantummodo
    est, oculis subest
    subest;; secundum, quod res
    ::es est
    est et signum, animo exceditur;
    exced.itur;
    tertium, quod TeS
    res sola
    50!? est, corde percipitur. Ad haec primum quidem
    non
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    od significat, sed etiam continet
    contmet secundum. In
    specie enim
    enm
    15 panis et vini
    vin veritas eOlporis
    coporS et sanguinis eontinetur,
    continetut, ewn
    cun in illa
    ,. substantia panis vinique mutetur. Tertium vero quamquam significet,
    sgnifcet , non

    tarnen continet.
    tamen
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    cum verissima
    erissima sint
    sint,, illud
    etiam sequitur ex iis, qui divini.
    vi:i.
    corporis participes fiunt,
    {, alios
    os quidem sacramentaliter
    sacramenta liter spiritaliterque
    sprita1iterque
    20 participes fieri, quales sunt qui digne conununionem accipiunt, alios
    vero
    VeTO sacramentaliter et non
    no spirita1iter,
    spiritaliter, ii
    sunt, qui indigne
    indgne commurucomnunl
    cant. Sumunt
    5umunt enim verwn corpus Christi, non
    tamen sacramenti effectum
    accipiunt nec Christo
    ChSto uniuntur. De iis
    s inquit apostolus, quod.
    iudicium sibi manducant et bibunt.
    bibunt .
    Non enim iudicium et condem2tinationem manducarel1t
    manducarent et biberent, si spiritalitet
    spiritaliter communicassent,
    immo
    iuno iam
    iarn Christo unirentur. Sunt
    5 alii qui, etsi non
    fiunt
    sacramentaliter
    participes, spiritaliter tamen
    tarnen communicant,
    communcant, quemadmodum si vel infans
    post baptismn
    baptismwn vel aetate provectus nondwn
    nondun ob
    o b aliquam inevitabilem
    necessitatem recepto Christi corpore repentina motte
    necessitatem
    norte deficiant. Nibil
    30 enim minus
    nnI:> sacramenti participes fiunt, quam si communionem cepiss ent
    nt;;
    fiunt
    f enim membra Christi et regni caelestis haeredes. Haec igitur
    gtur
    cum omnibus manifesta smt
    sint - quis enim neget ex his, qu i communionem sumunt, alios quidem nulJ.am
    nullam gratia
    gratiam,
    m, immo vero ro
    pro gratia
    iudicium et poenam,
    poenarn, alios vero
    veTO gratiam 1argissime
    largissime eonsequi,
    consequi, quosdam
    35 etiam sine communione,
    conununione, dummodo id non
    contemptu vel negligentia,
    fiat , divinam
    divinan mereri gratiam
    gratam cum,
    curn, inquam, haec
    sed necessitate fiat,
    adeo clara et perspicua sint, ttIpartitam
    tripartitam hanc
    hane divinorum sacramentorum
    distributionem veram et necessariam esse probant.
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    249oq.) . 124
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    otinnt, Se
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    C). I

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHARISTlE.

    Ex
    his sequi videtuT
    videtur Christi quoque corpus duplex esse: verum4.,
    verum4,.
    alterum, alterum
    alteTUm mysticum. Et vernm
    verum quidem est, quod in
    hoc divino
    eucharistiae
    eucharistae sacramento consecratur atque conficitur sub visibili specie
    panis et vini.
    . Hoc
    oc idem est eurn
    cum eo corpore, quod fuit
    ! ex beata virgine
    Ii
    5 Spiritus
    Spritus saneti
    sanct obumbratione eoncepturn.
    conceptum. De quo ipse Dominus in

    exhibitione sacramenti, eurn


    cum nobis sensibilem
    sensibilern panem
    panern vinumque osten*
    dsset , ait: c
    Hoc es w

    rpus meum et Hu
    Hie est sanguis meus; deinde addidit:
    disset,
    qucd pro oobis
    oob! tradetur, et qui pro oobis el/um/dur
    el/umldur in
    " remissionem
    remissimem peCC4*
    jJeCC4*
    tMum.
    tum. Mysticum autem
    autern eius corpus est ecclesia et congregatio fidelium .
    10 Hanc
    Hane eniIn
    enim negare corpus Christi
    Chrsti nemo ausit, praesertim audiens apostolum dicentem ecclesiae caput Christum
    Chrstum esse. Caput enim sine membris
    non
    esset caput.
    Quapropter membra Christi nos sumus.
    sumus, et eaput
    caput
    nostrum est Christus. Unde clamat apostolus: Vos es/is
    ess corpus Christi
    Chrsti
    d membra ex
    :; parte. Et
    ! rursus: Panis,
    Panis. quem trangimus, nonne communi*
    15ciUio corporis Domini esO Et
    iterum: Unus panis,
    panis. ait, d 14num
    unum Cf)t"pus
    mul#
    red.dens eius rationem addit : Omnes enim
    :: 14110
    mulli sumU$.
    sumus. Et
    mim e:c:
    uno
    pane paniCpamus
    parlicipamus.. Quae verba dum exponere nititur Chrysostomus
    noster, ita
    ita. inquit:
    nquit: .Quid dico communionem?
    conmunionem? Ipsum illud corpus
    sumus. Quid eniIn
    enim est pans
    panis nisi corpus Christi?
    Non corpora mu1ta.,
    multa,
    20sed corpus unum. Quemadmodum enim pans
    panis ex mu1tis
    multis oonstans
    granis, ita compositus est.
    est, ut nusquam grana videantur, et sunt quidem
    grana, sed propter ooniunctionem nullo discriInine
    grana.
    ds::riInine discern.untur, ita nos
    os
    quoque et in,vicem et Christo coniungimur., Damascenus quoque ubi
    de sacrosanctis
    sacrosancts mysteriis tractat: . H onoremus, ait, Christi corpus omni
    25animi
    2lianmi corporisque puritate; duplex eteniIn
    etenim est.' Augustinus etiam
    occidentalis ecclesiae
    eeelesiae lumen: Quemadmodum.
    Quemadmodurn, inquit.
    inquit, et multis
    mults granis
    grans
    unus conficitur
    confieitur panis, et ex racem.is
    cern.s multis
    ms unus calix
    calix: exprimitur, sic
    sie
    ex multis fidelibus unum corpus mysticum integratur. Enimvero sicut
    ex multis membris et partibus unumquodque
    unurnquodque corpus oonstat, ita ecc1esiae
    ecclesiae
    30unitas ex divenis
    diveBis penonis
    personls eonficitUT.
    cnfct1, videlicet
    idelicet ex praescitis, praed.esi*
    praed.esti*
    natis.
    nath, vocatis,
    vocatis. iustificatis et glorificatis.
    glrificatis. Qucs enim praesciVt
    praescivit Deus,
    110$
    IIos et
    praedestituvit.
    praedestitulvit, et qucs
    qUC$ praeestinaVt,
    praedestinavit, ho$
    MS vocavit,
    vocavil. et quos vocavit,
    av.
    MS
    1, et iustificavit;
    iustificaVI; et quos i14s#fNVt,
    fflstificavit, nos
    Jos et glf)t"ijicavit,
    glf)t"ijiNvU. inquit apos.tolus.
    apostolus.
    Efficiens vero huius mystici eotpOris
    copos est ipsum verum Christi COtpus
    corpus
    35et
    3liet eius
    eins eorrununicatio.
    coununicatio, si digne fiat. Quod significant
    sgnificant verba illorum.
    illorum,
    qui dicunt: tOramus.
    tOramus, ut hoc
    hot corpus tuum praestet participantibus
    peccatorum, communionem tecum .
    sobrietatem animae, remissionem peccatorum.
    Quid enim
    eni.m. aliud est communio
    conmunio quam unitas cum Christo, annexio

    111

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    SINOIllVSS9.a

    .
    0'

    DE
    SACRAMENTO
    SCRM:ENTO EUCHAR1STIAE.
    EUCHR1STIAE.

    11

    metnbron.un ad caput, convenientia partium ad totum?


    membronun
    totum ? Unde et
    communio
    commun.o vocatur propie
    proprie hoc sacramentwn. Et synaxis apud Dionysium dicitur, hoc es col1ectio.
    nysiuD1
    collectio. Colligit
    Col1git enim, quae apud se distant.
    distant,
    et multa unum fadt
    facit et dissimilia aequat et in unum spat!>a.
    sparsa. reducit.
    6t Qnamoblem
    QlJamobIeb' idem Darnascenus
    Damascenus eo,
    co, quo supra memoravixnus,
    memoravinus, loco:
    Ioco:
    Comm.m.o, inquit, dicitur et est ideo.
    ideo, quia per eam
    earn communicamus
    conmuni.camus
    tComm.tm.io,
    cwn Christo
    Chsto et carnis divinitatisque
    divinitatsque eius participes sumus et invicem
    coniungimur atque unimur. Cum enim ex
    coniung:imur
    uno pane participamus,
    omnes
    unwn Christi
    ChrSti cotpus
    corpus et unus sanguis et membra alter
    a1ter a1terius
    toeiusdem
    10eusdern cwn Christo corporis
    carporis efficimur.t
    effcimur. t Et IUr8US
    rursus ibidern:
    ibidem: .Per Christi
    corpus et sanguinem purgati unirnur
    unimur carpori
    corpori Dornini
    Domini et spiritui eius
    et corpus
    corpU$ Christi efficimur.
    efficrn.ur. Unde et Messias
    Messas sen
    seu mediator et lapis
    lapS
    angularis dicitur
    dCitur Dominus, quasi coniUJl8enS
    coniUJl8ellS extrema et uniens divisa.
    diVSa.
    M ediatcr unius non est
    est,, sed duorum.
    duorum, inquit Paulus, et lapis

    lapS angularis
    15 duorum
    duoIUm parietum vinculurn et coniunctio est .
    Post haec il1ud
    iIlud quoque tertio loco addendum est, quod verum5,
    run5,
    Domini corpus et veritas est et figura . Siquidem ostensum est, quemadmodum panis et vini visibilisspedes
    VSibilisspecies figura seu signum est veri
    et in eis
    contenti Dominici corporis et etiam mystici corporis, ita ipsum corpus
    20 verum
    run figuram mystici
    mystiei et ecclesiastici eorporis
    corporis esse. Ad haec verum
    Domini corpus, quod in altari
    a1tari consecratur, futuronnn
    futurorum figuram did
    dici
    Damascenus eo.
    co, quo supra memoravimus
    rnemoravimus loco,
    loco. testatur: .Significativa,
    .Sgnificativa,
    inquit, futurorum
    quia verwn sint corpus sanguisque
    futUTOrum dicuntur.
    dicuntur, non
    Christi verus, sed quia nunc
    nune quidem
    quidern per illa divinitatis participes
    2lieflicimur,
    21iefICmur, tWie
    twc vero per intellectum
    inteIJectum sola visione
    VSione fruemur divinitatis.t
    d.ivinitatis.t
    dieit, quod nunc
    nune quidem participamus
    Quod apertius et Gregorius dicit.
    corpus et sanguinem sub
    5ub speciebu$
    , tunc
    speciebus panis et vini,
    tune autem clara
    visione,
    VSione, et sicut
    sieut vere est, videbimus
    Vdebimus illud.
    iIlud.
    Cavendurn
    autern, ne quis propterea, quod. euchwtiae mysterium
    mysterin t
    Cavend.urn autem,
    30 figura esse dicitur, dicere aut omnino
    om.nino suspicari
    suspieari audeat non
    esse verum
    run
    Domini corpus. Absit tanta blasphernia
    blasphemia a fidelium mentibus. Hoc
    modo et pretiosa mors eius non esset vera mors,
    rnors, quod partm
    partim ablutionis
    delietorum
    delctorum nostrorum, partirn
    partim iustificationis nostrae figura sit. Vas
    dcit: tChristus
    .christus mortuus esJ pcatis nostris
    nam.que electionis est, qui dicit:
    3&
    3 el rtsf4rrex#
    rUf4rrex# propter iusti/icatitmem
    iustilicationem nostram.t Et Petrus: tChristus
    .christus
    PSStls
    pl'f)
    ncbs, relinq_s
    nobs exemplum.c
    passus est
    pro nobis,
    relinquens nobis
    exemplum.t Mors igitur Christi
    mortis
    rnortis Dostrae
    nostne secundum peccatwn et resurrectio eius vitae
    Vtae nostrae per
    iustificationem iuxta rimaorum
    primariorum apostolonun sententiam exemplum
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    RRSSARIONIS
    RRSSA;R.IONIS

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    13

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHRlSTIAE.

    et figura fuit. Nec tamen


    tarnen adeo mors
    rnors et resurrectio eius non
    on fuit vera
    ea
    mors
    rnors et resurrectio.
    resuectio. Est igitur eucbaristiae sacramentum
    sa.cramentum et veritas
    et figura. Ex
    quo nihil
    hl absurdi sequi videtur. Etenim ipsum quoque
    sacramenti
    sacra.menti nomen nihil
    si8nificat allud
    aliud quam figuram
    figuam alicuius
    allcuius et sigI)
    num alterius. Siquidem
    Siquidern sacramentum tectum mysteriis secretumque
    esse decet et aliud extrinsecusprae sefene,aliud
    seferre,aliud babere quod
    quOll intellegatur
    intrin.se<:us.
    Neminem autem
    autern conturbare debet nomen istud figurae, ne
    ~ id,
    quod ait Damascenus: .Panis
    ,Panis et vinum non
    est nisi
    is figura corporis
    10et
    loet sanguinis Christi
    Chrst.
    . Absit,
    , sed ipswn corpus Domini deificatum ipso
    Domino dicente : c
    H QC est corjJus
    corpus meum, et non : figura corporis
    COTpOris mei, et:
    :
    m~, et non:
    : figura sanguinis
    sanguinS mei.
    me. Primo
    Pimo enim panis
    Hit: e$l sangf4is meus,
    et vini nornine
    nomine non
    ipsam visibilem speciem panis et vini, sed sub5Ubstantialiter
    stantialite transmuta tam in corpus
    copus et sanguinem intellegit.
    inteUegit. Deinde
    15 figuram hoc loco intellegit umbram illam, quae nihil
    nibi! aliud
    allud praeterqu.am
    praeterquam
    figura. e.st,
    figura
    est, simpliciter
    simplciter aliud
    alud significaru,
    significa, nullam omnino faciendi vim
    m
    et potestatem habens. Quemadmodum sacn.:menta
    saca:m.en ... veteris
    eteris legis
    legs Novi
    Testamenti
    Testarnenti sacramentorum figura
    gu ... fuerunt, ut circumcisio
    circumcsio baptsmatS,
    baptismatis,
    sanguis hiTCorum
    hicorum et vitulorum Dominici sanguinis
    sanguinS in arca crucis
    crucS effusi,
    20 et serperu
    sepe pendens in
    eremo
    eemo corporis
    corpois Domini in
    cruce
    cruee pendentS.
    pendentis. Verum
    eum
    illa quidem figurae tantum erant et aliorum significativa, non e{fectiva,
    et sacrorum quidem significativa, non ipsa
    '" sacril.. Nosa
    Nostra vero non
    modo signicativa
    mod.o
    signficativa et figurae salutis
    salutS sunt, verum etiam salutifera,
    sa1utifea, hoc
    est effectiva salutis,
    salut S, ipsaque sacra
    sac ... et sacrae sacrarum rerum figurae.
    fgura.e.
    25
    m mterest
    nterest inter
    e veteris et novae legis
    legS sacramenta,
    sa.cramenta, quod iIla
    illa
    2$ Hoc enim
    quidem
    qudem dumtaxat significabant sa.lutem,
    salutern, haec etia.m
    etiam praebent, et iIla
    illa
    quidem non sacra, sed. sacrarum
    sacraum tantwnmodo
    tantummodo :rerum significativa, haec
    autem
    autern et significativa
    signifcativa sacrarum
    sacraum rerum
    reum atque effectiva sunt. Hinc
    Hine
    sanctus Hilarius ait : tCorpus Christi,
    ChrSti, quo in
    altari participa.mus,
    participamus,
    30 figura quidem est, quatenus panis et vinwn
    exterioribus
    exteioribus apparet
    appaet sensibus, veritas
    eritas autem est, quatenus corpus et sansuis
    sanuis in
    jn veritate corde
    creditur.'
    credtur . Et Augustinus:
    Augustnus: tChristi corpus, inquit, et veritas
    veitas et figura
    figua
    est : veritas quidem, in quantum virtute
    itute spiritus .ex $ubstantia
    substantia panS
    panis
    et vini corpus efficitur; figura vero
    ero est
    e.st illud, quod exterioribus
    exteioribus sensibus
    35 subiacet.. os
    Nos itaque figuram
    figuam hoc loco ita accipimus,
    acciprnus, quae seiHeet
    sclicet
    quoad sensibiles species panis et vini
    in aliud dumtaxat significet, quoad.

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    ft

    DE SACR.\MENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHRISTlAE.

    15

    verum COI"pw> Christi et aJiud


    aliud significet,
    signilicet, et tamen
    tarnen veritas est. Quema.d.
    modum Damascenus
    Damaseenus quoque, sieuti
    scuti paulo
    pau!o ante
    aote memoravimus,
    memoraimus, veteres
    eteres
    secutus doctores
    doctoes verum
    erum corpus et sanguinem
    sanguioem Christi fi.gurativa
    figurativa futuro-nun
    run nominavit. Ubi enim figurativa
    fgIrativa dixit, et figuram sine di..scrimine
    Ii dicere
    dcere potoisset.
    potllisset.
    Sed de Hs
    satis,
    , ut arbitror, disseruimus. Nnc,
    Nune, quod reliquum6.
    est, aggrediamur.
    aggrediamur. Erit autem nostrae omnis
    omnS oratio tripartita. Primum
    enim eonabimur
    conabimur ostendere divinissimum
    dvnSsimum corpus Christi
    Christ et sanguinem
    nullS aliis
    verbis
    verbS aut sacerdotum precibus conlici
    confici quam iis, quae supra
    nullis
    10memoravimus,
    lomemoravimus, Domini verbis:
    verbS: oc
    Hoc esI
    esl co,.p~ mtum,
    meunl, et Hie
    Hic esI
    esl S""luis
    s"nguis
    meus. Post haec sanctorum
    sanetorum ecclesiae doctorum ac patrum nostrorum
    unam et eandem esse sententiam
    seotentiam declarabimus.
    declarabnus. Postremo quae huic
    hUc
    opinioni
    adversari videntur, duce Domino, euius
    cuius res agitur, disso!
    vemus.
    lli

    Quod
    od igitur
    g impossibile sit allis quam Dominicis
    Dorninicis verbis
    verb;' eucharistiae
    eucharistae 7. I
    sacramentum confici
    conlici evid.entissime
    eid.entissime et luce c1arius
    clarius apparet. Enimvero
    lateat, quemadmodum panis
    pans et vini
    in corpus et
    nemo est, quem 1ateat,
    sanguinem Christi in instanti facta transubstantiaJitas humanam omnem
    faeultatem excedit ingensque
    facultatem
    ngensque opus
    est et certe divinum, ita etiam
    etian
    20 huius sacrarnenti
    sacrarnent efficientia verba instar ipsius sacramenti eximiae
    eximae
    cuiusdam
    Cusdam virtutis esse debere. Christi vero divinis verbis
    verbS nihil
    nibil esse
    hl effica.cius
    efica.cius esse posse manifestum est. Quamobrem fateri
    lateri
    potentius, nihil
    llecesse
    Domin.cis illis
    llis verbis et nullis aJs
    aJis divinum hoc sacrarnentwn
    sacrarnentn
    necesse est Dominicis
    conlici posse. Nec enim divinissima
    confici
    divinSSna per divinam
    diinam potentiam confici
    Unegaverit
    unegaerit quispiam, nec verbis
    verbS Christi
    ChrSti nibi!
    omomo
    efficacius esse,
    eurn non
    cum
    modo
    rnodo homo, verum
    venm etiam Deus sit
    creatorque omnium, qui
    qU
    solo
    3010 nutu cuncta
    cuneta od,
    produxit, qui verbo aegros curavit, mortuos suscitavit,
    eaeteraque
    caeteraque mira.cu1a
    miracula fecit,
    lecit, quae in evangeliis
    evangeJi.s recitantuT.
    Praeterea humanae preces
    pr&es tunc,
    tune, quod orant, facillime eoru;equuntur,I
    coru;equuntur,
    30 eurn
    cum id meritae sint, et a bene meritis
    meritS effunduntur. Atqui pa.nis
    panis et
    vini in
    n eorpus
    corpus et sanguinem transrnutatio non
    petentium meritis,
    meritS, sed

    eius otentia,
    potentia, qui ex nihilo
    hIo euneta
    cuncta produxit, per sacerdotem tarnquatn
    tamqua:n
    per instrumentwn quoddam efficitur. Unde non
    minus
    mnus ab indignis
    ndgns
    saeerdotibus
    sacedotibus atque perverss
    perversis quam a bonis sanctisque eonsecratur.
    consecratur. Ex

    36
    3 quo manifestum
    manifesturn est non
    orantis
    oants sanctitatem, sed ipswn
    ipsum Dominum
    poprii.s
    propriis sui.s
    suis verbis
    vebi.s a sacerdote prolatis panem et vinum in proprium
    propriwn
    corpus transmutarc. Nam si
    humanae preces hoc possent, otius
    potius virorum bonorm
    bonorum preces, etsi non
    sacerdotum, quam pravorum sa.cerdotum
    sa.cedotum
    hoc
    efficeent. Atqui indecens esset atque ab hwnana
    boc divinum opus efficerent.
    40salute alienmn
    4Qsalute
    a1enmn existimare
    exi.stnare tantum
    tantun sacramentwn
    sacramentum a Te
    re dubia dependere,

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    ~o(j"w.
    ~O;:;ll.

    17

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SCRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHARISTIE.

    quippe
    q uippe dubium atque ambiguum est, an pec,
    preces ac
    ae supplicationes nosh:ae
    Deo acceptae
    aeceptae sint
    sot futura.e,
    tua.e, ex
    quo fieret,
    ut et sa1us
    salus nobis virtute
    huius
    bUlus mysterii exspectata
    exsectata dubia foret.
    faret. Quod ne
    accidat, immo salus
    nostTa,
    nosta, quam digne participantibus hoc sacrameotum
    sacramentum praebet, certa
    6atque indubia sit,
    5, nece5$e
    necesse est Dominicis
    DOmniCi5 verbis
    vebis dumtaxat et
    nullis
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    "liis
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    ~cramentum . Ad haec precibus quidem
    quidem. nostris
    non
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    ut perficatur
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    Verba vero, quae hoc divinum
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    sacr.unenti
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    on ut conficiatur
    confciatur deprecantia.
    depreeantia.
    10
    JO
    Ergo non
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    ut conficiatuu
    conficiatuT
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    tanturn opus tribuendum,
    tTibuendum, sed ve-rbis
    vebis Dominicis
    Dominics vere
    ee conficientibus
    eo modo, quo
    Dominus
    Doninus ipse per eadem
    ead.em verba, ut legitur in evangelio,
    eva.ngelo,
    consewavit.
    consecaVt. Praeterea
    Praeteea verha
    Yerba Domini
    Domni poferuntur
    pToferuntur a sacerdote.
    s.acedote, tarnquam
    tamquam
    potestatem habente ea
    e3. perficiendi,
    perliciendi, quae ipsa verba significant. PTecibus
    Pecibus
    16 vero suis
    su.s otestatem.
    potestatem petit
    peut idem.
    idem sacerdos tamquarn
    tamquam nondum habens.
    Etenim me1ius certiu!iCJ.ue
    certiu!lCJ.ue res ab potestatem
    potes.tatem habente quam a nondum
    nondn
    habente, sed ut eam
    ea.m habeat rogante pericitur.
    perlicitur. Faciliusque id agit,
    qui
    iam otest,
    potest, quam qui
    posse se sperat.
    speat .
    Non 19itur
    igitur supplicibus sacer~
    dotum, sed enuntiativis Domini verbis
    vebis effici eredendum
    eedendum est haec sacta
    saca.
    9Omysteria. 1tem
    9IOmysteria.
    Item dum rogat sacerdos, aut petit obtinere
    obtnee potestatem
    conficiendi
    non. Si petit,
    conficiend mysterii aut
    " oon.
    petit. non
    igitur incrat
    inerat sac:erdotis
    sacerdot.s
    piecibus ca
    potentia. Quis
    Piecibus
    " otentia.
    S enim
    m peteret, quod
    od iam tend?
    tenet? Quod si
    5
    non
    petit, fmstra
    fn.5" rogat.
    Quapropter
    Quaropter non
    ipsas sacerdotum peces,
    preces,
    sed Domini verha
    verba eucharistiam
    eucharstiam conficere manifestum est.
    Adde, quod verborum, quae haec mysteria conficiunt, nuUa diversi.
    diversi-.
    2ti
    Addc.
    tas, nuUa
    & mutatio esse debet. Una enim
    enm cuiusque et inunutabilis
    inunutabils fonna
    fmna
    est, qua mutata totum
    t otum etiam mutatur. Unde Matthaeus
    Matthaeu5 et Marcu$
    Mareus
    et Lucas
    Lu cas et euro
    cum i.is
    .s apostolus Paulus, eum
    curn huius eonsenationis
    consecIations
    mentionem faciunt, quae a Salvatore
    ea)
    Salvatare ( in
    ea) nocte, qua tradebatur
    perlecta est.
    est, eadem verba omnes eodem modo
    30 perfecta
    od. pronuntiant, quamvis
    et
    in
    n superioribus
    5uperiorbus et
    in
    sequentibus
    sequentbus diversi
    dive;l diverso modo sunt
    5unt locuti.
    Hic
    c pa.titer
    patiter omnes dixerunt: Hoc est co,pus
    corpus meum, et H~ tst sanguis
    mtUs.
    Preces vero et
    supplicationes
    5upplicationes sacerdotum,
    sacedotum, quibus nonnuIli
    nonnulli
    existimant hoc mysterium confici, alias
    existirnant
    a1ias apud alios et
    longe quidem
    SII diversas es..<>e
    e5..<>e v:idem.us.
    videmus. Alii enim optando, alH
    i imperando
    mperardo id
    d agunt.
    Siquidem Clemeos
    Clemens et
    Iacobus; t Rogamu5,
    Rogamus, inquiunt.
    inquUnt, ut mitta5Spiri
    mittasSpiritum
    sanctum
    sauetum tuum super hoc sacrificium, qui
    efficiat bunc panen
    panem
    corpus Cbri5ti
    Christi tui et,
    , quod in boc calice est, sanguinem Christi tui
    ..
    Iacobus vero: .Rogamus,
    .Rogarnu8. inquit,
    ,
    ut Spiritus sanctus adveniens sancta,
    saueta,
    .l(l
    . bona.
    bona atque gloriosa eius
    praesentia sanctificet
    sanctficet et faciat hunc quidem
    2 ~I<t&,
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    11 .

    18

    BESSAIUONIS
    BESSAI10NIS

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    l'"

    DE SAC!tAMENTO
    SA CRMENTO EQCHAl{ISTIAE.
    Et)CHAl{ISTlE .

    pretiosum sanguinem
    panem corpus
    corpUS sancti Christi tui, et calicem
    caJcem hunc pretosum
    Christi tui..
    tu. At magnus doctor Basiliu-s: ,tRogamus, inquit,
    inqUt, ut veniat
    Spiritus sanctus tuus super nos et supcr
    super haec proposita munera et
    benedicat ea, sanctificet
    sancti1icet et faciat hunc quidem pa.nem
    pa.netn ipsum
    ipsUI pretisum
    pretiosum
    I>
    > corpus et vinwn
    inI pretiosum sanguinem
    sangunem Domini et Dei "et
    et Salvatoris
    Sa1atori
    nostri Jesu Christi, qui effusus est pro mundi vita
    ita . Divinus
    Diinus autem
    autenl
    Chrysostomus: tEmitte, ait, Spiritum
    SpirituIn tuwn et fac hone
    buc panem
    pretiosum corpus Christi tui, quod vero in
    i hoc
    boc calice est, pretiosum
    sanguinem Christi tui
    tUt transmutans
    transnutans ea Spiritu
    Spritu tuo sancto. Cum igitur
    10 tanta sit in
    i iis
    s differentia
    dilferentia atque 'varietas, ver,b a autem
    autern sacramenti
    efficientia
    effic entia immutabilia
    immutablia esse debeant, profecto non il1a,
    illa, quae a1ia
    alia apud
    alios sunt, sed haec Domini verba, quae apud omnes eadem.
    ead~ SUDt
    sunt et
    ab omnibus eodem.
    eod~ modo proferuntur, tanti mysterii iormam esse, et
    iis
    s trfbuendumesse
    trlbuendumesse perficiendi potentiam manifestum est. Per ea
    ca ""im
    enim
    16
    1Ii fit, ut sit
    , quod est .
    Illud quoque considerandum est ea esse alicuius rei efficientia,
    efficienta, per.
    quae res illa
    lla ad esse producitur, ab aliisque distinguitur. Huius
    autem
    autern
    divini
    ini mysterii
    mysteri nulla alia quam verba Domini efficientia esse videntur.
    identur.
    Ergo ipsa dwntaxat, et non
    on sacerdota1es
    confcere
    sacerdotales preces tantum opus conficere
    20dicenda SUDt.
    sunt. Huius
    rationis prima quidem pars per se ipsa nota est,
    quare ea omissa minorem probabimus. Ipsum certe consecrationis
    opus et per consecrationem efficitur sacrum mysterium
    mysteum in extrema
    prolatione verborum conficientium,
    confcientium, quaecumque illa sit,
    St, et in
    insta.nti
    instaJ1ti
    fit . Siquidem
    Siqudem. panis et vini
    ini substantia in
    sua peil1.anet
    pelillanet natura,
    atura, donec
    2li
    2 omnia illa,
    il1a, quaecumque sW\t,
    sWlt, quae sacramentum perficiunt, verba
    dicantur. Quibus dictis mox collSeC1atio
    consewatio fit,
    , transsubstantialitas
    transsubstantialtas perficitur
    ci , eonsummatUT
    COnsum.matu sacramentum. Quod et de baptsmate
    baptismate beatus
    Angustinus ait: tAufer, inquit, verba, et quid
    qud aqua Risi
    nisi aqua ? Accedat
    vet'bum
    ve-bum e1emento, et efficitur sacramentum.. Unde tanta potentia
    3Oaquae,
    ut ewn
    cwn tetigerit OOlptrS,
    OOttrS, purget cor, nisi ex eo, qui verbo hoc
    facit ?
    manfestum sit per verba hoc sacramentum confici,.
    Cum igitur manifestum
    confici,'
    decet quae ad hanc
    hane ex substantia in substantiam
    substantam transrnutationem
    similitudinem aliquam
    simi1itudinem
    a1iquam habeant eique confonnia sint.
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    terminum
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    ta1ia vero
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    Domiri
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    iis
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    hoc;
    boc; nam nisi in
    n ea esset terminus a qua,
    quo, non
    esset:
    esset tTansmutatio ;

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    DE SACR.AMENTO
    SACR.MENO EUCHARI$TlAE.
    EUCHARISTIAE.

    21

    at in
    ea de substantia
    substanta in suhstantiam
    suhstantian transmutatio fit
    . Hunc igitur
    terminum
    teninum significat
    Sgnificat illud hoc.
    boc. Simili modo terminus
    teninus ad quem iisdem
    sdem
    potios
    verbis inest; nam sine
    'n: eo termino non
    esset transmutatio,
    transmutato, sed potius
    corruptio, si
    , non in ens, sed in
    non ens mutaretur. Hunc vero ter5minum. dupliciter considerare
    qudem ipswn corCOT5minum
    cosiderare possumus;
    possumus: aliquando quidem
    pos et sanguinem intelIegentes,
    pus
    intellegentes, in
    quae substantialitas fit,
    !, et hoc
    signifieatur,
    sgnificatur, cum dicitur
    dicituT corpus et sanguis, aliqualldo
    aliquando vero
    veTO id considerantes, ut haec transsubstantialitas
    ttanssubstantialitas detenninata et particularis
    sit et una. Quemadmodwn iis etiam,
    etam, quae per artem fiunt
    , [sunt]
    [sout]
    10una
    tOuna cuiusque forma et species est, ita etiam unius opera.tionis
    oeationis
    unus effectus est. Propter quod additur meum. Tertium vero atque
    postremum, per quod modus transsubstantialitatis exprimitur, satis
    MS
    apte exprimitur per verbum est. Quod enim
    enm in
    instanti fit,
    f, iam

    tarn non
    futurum,
    futunm, se quasi factum et iam
    am plane existens, non
    imperativo, non
    on
    150ptativo,
    150ptatvo, non
    on cuiusvis alterius
    ateus modi verbo
    verba nec futuro quidern
    quiden ternten
    pore, quae dubia sunt, nec id quod est, sed quod futurum est,
    e5t,
    quod etiam
    eiam non
    fieri posset, signilicat,
    significat, sed ipso verbo es t temporis
    tenporis
    pTaesentis et modi indicativi, quod ipsum iam
    pra.esentis
    iarn esse significat, $Uflisuflicienter exprimitur, immo
    mmo vero dumtaxat hoc modo exprimi
    exprmi potest et
    2Onon
    2on aliter.
    Haec igitur ornnia adeo in hac naturali transsubstantialit.ate
    transsubstantialitate 1
    ll, aliis paetequam
    praeterquarn Dominicis verbis contineantur,
    nece!'saria cum nullis
    skuH
    lateri illa ipsa
    'CUH ostensum est, profecto existimare
    existmare cogimur atque fateri
    efficientia esse tam
    tarn sacri mysterii, quibus nihil de!icit,
    deCicit, nihi!
    hl superest,
    21> et non
    peces
    preces humanas,
    bumanas, quibus
    qubus aliqua
    a1iqua desunt,
    desWlt, quae magis necessaria.
    forent.
    lorent. Praeter
    PraeteT haec ornnia, cum hoc inunaculatmn
    inunaculatn sacrificium in sui
    memoriam
    mernorian fieri insserit
    j"ssmt Dominus - Hot enim, inquit,
    nquit, Jaek
    Jarik in
    i1$ m_
    meam
    tommemwaIimem certe expressior eius memoria fit,
    l, cum illius
    illins ve'rba
    tommemorati""em
    ex sa.cratissimo
    sacratissimo illo ore
    or: prolat3.
    prolata repetimus, quam
    quarn si
    , alia
    ala quaecumque
    3Oreferamus. Quod confinnat
    3Orefera.mus.
    confnn.at apostolus Paulus, dum
    dum. dicit
    dcit Domini
    Doi
    mortern in hoc sacrificio annuntiari. Qua
    mortem
    Quo enim modo annuntiari
    a.nnuntiari expressius potest, quam
    quarn dum
    dum. corpus et san,guis
    sa.n.gus eius propriis eius
    eins verbis
    verbs
    quam quibusvis
    quibusis aliis
    a1iis tantwn conficitur sacramenrum?
    sacramentum?
    Verumtarnen concurreTe
    Verumtam.en
    concuere Patrem
    Patrern et Spiritum
    Spiritun sanctum Filio
    Flio in hoc 8, I
    35 divino opere franssubstantialitatis
    tnmssubstantialitatis panis et vini in corpus et sanguinem
    Christi
    Chst fas est a fidelibus credi. Ornnia enim. opera
    opea in CTea.turis
    creaturis. Trinitati
    eonununia
    coununia sunt, nihilque
    nhilque fit
    { omnino,
    omnno, nisi
    nsi creante
    crea.nte Filio, beneplacito
    Patm
    Patris et Spiritus sancti voluntate.
    votuntate.
    Ex ipso enim et per ipst4m et in
    ,.
    ipso omnia iuxta apostolum.
    apostolum Paulum.
    rursus: Per quem
    Paulum.. Et
    ! rursus;
    ''"'" et saettda
    40 fecit.
    fetit. Et iterwn:
    iterum: Portans omnia verbo pOkstatis s_e. Et [ohannes
    [ohann.es
    evangelista, Omnia
    Om1$ia per ipsum facta
    jacta sunt.
    sum. Et idem: Spirit.us
    Spirif,u$ 'ut,
    ut, qui
    9hrdM_lmlB
    9..d .... m

    I "(', '!.or

    Joh ,), 16 Joh 6, 64.


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    " ~H in I "gE 'Ir m<>H 01

    10 Rom >1, )6, r 12 Hebr . 2. 13 Heb ,).


    16 Rom 8, 11. 117 Cor 12. 11. 119 " 10). )0.
    "0(

    '(Ot "d 61
    CI I "~

    I "(', -'<I9H

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    [cTl;

    BEBS:fl.IONIB

    SINonlVSSRS

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHAIUSTIAE.
    EUCHRISTlE.

    rnvitiall.
    rnvi!iIl. Et PauIus
    Paulus : Si enim SPiritNs
    Sp'riA4s ei1lS,
    dflS, 'Iui
    'l resusciu",;'
    rUflScitvil leSf4m
    ChrisJvm
    qui $t4$Cavil
    ChrisUm Q.
    . mqrlui.,
    mqrti" IIabilaI
    1abila in
    " nobU, 'l"i
    SI4$CUIIil luum
    lum Christum Q.
    .
    m:n~fIi., vivificabil
    mn~fIi"
    VHficb el
    morudia
    morU.ia corporQ.
    oorfXwa. 1JO,tra
    no.tra per in/aQ.biJQ.nkm
    inJ.biJ.nkm in
    nobU
    SPirt_ et"fIS.
    ei1lS. Et iterum: Omnia
    Omni Q.tlltll.
    .,4: .. ,",ec
    haec operalur
    , idem
    id_ aJque
    Uqe u_
    _
    S1>irit_
    6 Stnritu.
    Spirtus divilkns
    divikns ""iCfli'l"t
    uniCflique prOfll~.
    proullJflU. Et David: EmiUe
    EmUe Spirnum
    Sprnum lIwm,
    lwm,
    et creabuntu.,..
    creaJntu.,.. Illud
    sane simpliciter ten.endum
    tenendum et pro generali
    gen.erali quadarn
    quadan

    regula
    reguIa ol:Jsa
    ol:JSdt vandwn divinae
    d.vinae Trinitatis
    TrinitatS operationes, si quis
    qu.is intrinsecus
    eam ipsam spectet, distinctas
    <listinctas omnino
    onnino ac separatas ( ~e , aliquando
    etia m nWlo
    illo modo
    nodo invicem commwticare,
    commwicare, quemadmodum se habent
    10generare .e t generari, spirare et spira.ri,
    spirari, et alia quaedam similia. Extrinsecus vero, et quatenus ad Cleatunm
    C1eatuam spectat, una est operatio
    operato et
    idern
    dem opus Patris et Filii et Spiritus sancti,
    saneti, nihilque est eon.nn,
    eon.m, quae
    in nobis
    nobS fiunt, quod. non.
    no ex tota Trinitate
    Trintate eman.et, una tarnen
    ta.men operatione,
    una potentia~ una voluntate.
    ua
    oluntate . Quare unus etiam dicituT creatOT
    ceato et n
    unum
    16 principium
    princ.ipium eorum. omnium,
    nniM, quae sunt, quae fiWlt,
    fiwt, Trinitatis
    TrinitatS esse cledi~
    tur.
    . Quibus autem
    autern verbis
    verbS potius consentire decet Patrem et Spiritum
    Spiritn
    sanctum quam Fil,
    Flii , qui eiusdem
    eiusdern est natUTae,
    natuae, eiusdemque cum eo
    substantiae ? Manifestum hoc omnibus
    nnibus est contendere nolentibus.
    Est autem
    autern ad haec necessarius et idoneus et sufficiens min;ster
    minister.
    20 Suffu:iens
    Sufficiens autern
    en est, qui potestatem per coo.sectationem
    con.seClationem habuit
    habUt et
    sacerdos factus est. Nec enirn
    enrn a quocumque prolata eiusmodi
    eiusm.odi verb<\
    erb<\
    efficere possunt, quod. quaerituT, immo
    im,mo vero nibi! omnino
    nnno possunt,
    nisi a sacerdote
    sacedote proferantuT. Eius
    rei ratio est, quod
    quOll ita Deo placitun
    placituIn
    est, ita ordinavit.
    cdinavit . hanc tulit
    tutit legern
    legen . .Transguuori
    Transgussoi igitur legis et volun!.Ir;
    !!: tatis
    tatS eius disnum
    di&num paratum est meritum, ne quid
    qud facere possit.
    passit. Oportet
    autem
    autern sacerdotem
    sacedotem cum debita intentione ad ea, quae Dominus manda_
    vit accedere. Siquidem mand.avit
    mandavit nobis,
    nobs , ut in eius conu:nemoratioDem
    conu:nemorationem
    haec .ageremus,
    .agerenus , ut sciamus corpus eius et sanguinem
    sa.nguinem - instrumentainsttumentaliter ipsi
    S fa.dentes,
    fa.cientes, cwn haec operamur
    operarn.ur - mortem
    m ortem eius annuntiare.
    30 Si quis enim vel verba.
    verba Domini
    Dnin vel alia quaelibet,
    quae1ibet, quibus
    qUbus existirnet
    existrnet
    huius modi
    od sacramentum confici, pronuntiet non ad ea, quae dicta
    sunt, intend.ens
    ntend.ens seque id agere. quod. ille
    iUe iu ssit
    ssit.. arbitretur, nihil omnino
    agit, sed suo lrustratus
    rustratus desiderio fallitur.
    Materiam
    necessel
    Ma teriam praeterea ad haec aptam et convenientem esse necesseI
    35 est. Oportet enirn
    enrn panem ex frumento, vinum ex vite fieri.
    fien. Nisi enim
    mim
    gr4n"m
    granum trumemi,
    trummi, dicit
    d icit Dominus, cadens in
    " terTam
    ter1'Q.m mortsf1fm
    morlsfm fflMil,
    fuerit,
    ntdlum tNIClum
    t1'fl<.Um Q.tteret.
    atferet. Et rursus: Ego Sf4m
    $Um vi#s
    V#s ver4
    . Quod. si
    s aliter
    sacerdos, etiam cum debita attentione, ve1
    vel ipsa verba D omini ve1 alia
    quaecumque pronmtiet,
    prommtiet, vanus
    vanusest
    est omnis laoor.
    labor. Nec enim
    eIn umquam
    umquam. ex
    ~ hotdeo

    hordeo miliove aut aUo


    ! seminum
    seminun genere panis factus
    factus,, n eque sicera.
    siera. aut
    Jac aut mel
    me1 in corpus et sanguinem Domini transmutaretur. Hoc
    oc

    24

    BESSAlUONIS
    BESSA1UONIS

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    DE SACRAllENTO
    SCRJ4ENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHRISIE.

    canones apostolorum. hoc posteriot


    posteriotes doctores affinnant. Quamobrern
    Qnamobren
    hoc::? Quoniam
    Quonian ille opex
    opifex rerum
    rerurn ita voluit,
    , ita constituit. Tran.sgudi
    Tnn.sgudi
    autem
    autern et vitare
    itare quidquam eorum, quae ille ordinavit, nefas est. Hk<;
    Hae;
    eigo
    ad sacri mysteri.i
    mysteri. consum:mationem necessaria
    necessaa plOiSUS sunt,
    sut. et
    !
    5 sine quibus
    <! Rihil
    hil omnino fieri
    lieri potest.
    quae, etsi ad esse rei minime necessariat.
    Sunt auteIn
    auten aUa
    Ma quaedam quae.
    sint, multurn tamen con(erunt
    sint.
    conferunt ad deCOl"eIn
    decren perfectonemque
    perfectionemque mysterii.
    mysteru.
    Ex
    quibus.
    quibus, si
    5 quid a1iquando
    aliquando iusta ne<:essitate
    neeessitate praetemittatur.
    praetennittatur. nulla
    iactura fit. Huiusmodi sunt mysterium
    mysteriu super altari con.ficere.
    conficere, sacer10 dotalibus vestibU5
    vestibus indui sa.cerdotem, multa et ante verba
    erba Domini et
    post in
    laudem
    Iaudem Dei, in narrationem
    naationem operum suorum, in impetrationem
    mpetrationem
    yitae aeternae pa.rtim
    partim a sacerdotibus, partm
    partim a popu1o dici.
    dci. Unde et
    alia apud alios dicuntur, et
    apud quosdam plu:ta,
    plura, apud alios
    alias pauciora.
    paueiora.
    Hine est quod Basilius lacobi,
    Hinc
    Iacobi, Chrysostomus vero
    veTO Basilii missa s
    15 breiores
    breviores {ecerunt, quod non
    necessaria forent ornnia, quae
    qua.e dicebantur.
    Nemo enjm
    enim neeessarium
    ne<:essariun quidquam detrahere praesumpssset.
    praesumpsisset. Quod
    si quis
    <US Rune
    nuc non
    per contempturn
    contenpturn ecclesiae, quae ita ordinavit,
    ordinait, Re<:
    nec
    tamquam. novam
    noam introduce.ndo haeresim, sed inevitabili
    ineitabili aliqua neceSsineceSs
    tate coactus sola
    soIa. Dominica
    Dominca. verba
    erba eum
    cum debita intentione protulerit.
    20 ipsa
    psa dumtaxat, quae ille
    il dixit
    dXit et
    (e<:it,
    feeit, dicens et faciens,
    faeiens, dummodo
    dunnodo
    sa.cerdos sit, convenientemque
    convenientenque materiam habeat, profecto verum
    erum Christi
    corpus
    CotpUS sanguinemque
    sanguinenque perfecit. Contra vero,
    , si quis eaetera
    caetera omnj. et
    alia. pa.ene
    paene infinita
    infin proferens verba
    erba Domini omiserit, lusit
    Jusit operam,
    opera.n, ut
    aiunt,
    aiut, nihilque peregit.
    25
    Quod si forte
    torte quispiam
    quSpiam is
    s minime eontentus
    contentus auctoritatem
    auetoritatern quaerat,.,
    quaerat, I, I
    et quid
    <ud doctores ecclesiae sen,sennt.
    seserint. audire desideret, imprimis
    impmi.s videat
    ideat
    Ambrosium, aetate
    aeta.te quidem paecedentem
    praecedentem eaeteres,
    ca.eteros, sapientia
    sapentia vero

    ac::
    a:: vitae
    vtae sanctitate nulli veI orientalium vel
    occidentaliwn
    occidentaliun cedentem.
    cedenten.
    Hic in
    n sennone,
    sermone, quem
    quern de sacramentis scripsit, ita inquit : .Quornodo
    30 enim pans
    panis potest esse corpus Christi? Quibus verbis aut quorum
    quorun verbis
    erbS
    haec sacramenta perficiWltur
    perfieiWltur ? Et
    addit
    add.t : .Tpsis
    tlpsis Domi.ni
    Domini nostri Iesu
    Christi.t Et infra : tCum autem
    autern hoc sacramenturn perficit,
    perlicit, non
    proprili
    propriis
    verbis
    ebis sacerdos,
    sa.cerdos, sed ipsius Christi utitur. Verba enim Christi hoc sacrame:nt"lDll eonfieiWlt.t
    post pauca: . Ante eonsecrationem
    me:ntum
    conficiWlt.t Et ost
    consecra.tonem panis
    35est. Verbis autem
    autern CIW-sti
    Christi dictis
    dietis mox
    corpus Christi est: AccipiU
    /mim, inquit, comediU ex eo omnes. Hoc est crwpus
    mim,
    cwpus meum.
    Similiter
    in calice
    ca1iee ante verba.
    erba Domini
    Donini vinum
    inum est aqua mixtum.
    mXtum.. Christi verba
    verbis
    operantibus sanguis
    sangus eIfieitUI.t
    efcituI .t Rursus idem Ambrosius
    Anbrosius C\UR
    cum multa
    signa. et mira.cu1a
    signa
    mira.cula comm.emora.sset,
    eommemora.sset, qaae
    quae solo Domini verbo
    verba facta fuere,
    40 unierswnque
    universwnque mundum
    mmdum verbo
    verba eodem ex
    nihilo esse productn,
    productwn, multa-

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    61'1 D).

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTJAE .

    que alia orationibus et benedictionibus


    benedietionibus humanis facta
    faeta ostendjsset.
    haee addit : .Si
    potu;t humana benedictio ad
    postlemo ha.ec
    .5 igituT
    igtur tantum
    dam
    m rerum naturam, quid de hae
    transmutanda
    transmutan
    c divina consecratione dicemus, ubi ipsa vetba
    verba Salvatoris
    5alvatoris opeiantur
    oeIantur ? Hoc eniJn
    en sa.cramentum,
    5quod aocipis. verbo Christi conficitUT.f
    conficitu . Aliis quidem
    quiden Iods
    locS idem
    iden doctor
    multo plura
    p1ura in hane sententiam
    seD.tentiam manifestissirne dicit.
    dieit. Augustinus
    Augustnus
    vero sanctissjmus et ipse doctor: .Divini eorporis
    corporis eonseuatio,
    cODseLiatio, inquit,
    catholea ecclesia creditur non
    n magis abono,
    a , non
    on minus a malo
    nalo
    a catholiea
    sacerdote eonfici.
    confici. Neque enimmerito eonSOCiantis,
    conSCCiantis, red
    sed u
    U 2atoris
    _atoris effieitw:
    efficitu:
    10 verbo.. Et
    alibi: tCredendum Christi verbis
    verbS sacramentwn , coalici.
    colici.
    Cuius enim llQtentia
    tentia prius creata
    ce"" sunt e a, quae sunt, .huius eerte
    certe verbo
    ad tnelius
    tnelus mutan,tuf.f
    Idem in sccundo
    Dnin.: .Ante verba
    mutan,tu1'" ldem
    socundo de verbis Domini:
    Dom.in.i.
    Donin.i. inquit, quae Hoc est
    co~ _
    dicunt, pa.
    panis dicitur, quod
    offertur ; verbis autem illis dictis
    dicts non
    amplius ,
    panis, sed corpns vocatur.t .
    HiEt
    UiEt ruTSUS in exp6sitione
    expSitione 8Uper
    super Iohannem.
    Iohannem : .Vocatur corpus
    copus et caro
    Christi, quoo caro continere non
    Cbristi,
    on potest. Conficiunt autem
    en illud earnis
    cam.is .
    verba, quae ipsius
    eamis
    camis Christi
    ChSt; verba fuerunt.
    fueront.
    Ait enim.
    enn : Hoc at
    t
    ~
    Quid
    QUd elarius
    c1arius his testimonils,
    testimons, quid manifestius .es.se
    esse
    potest ? Neque enim
    enilD hos doctores quisquam mentis C01'Dp05
    conpos et Chri20 stianus esse desiderans
    desdeans respueret, quos sacrae
    sacae omnes synodi et connnunes
    ecclesiae doctores a.cceptarunt, quos
    os
    ut sanctos ae
    : Deo acceptissimos
    magois praeconii.!i
    magnis
    praeconiis extulerunt,
    extu1erunt, quorum
    qurum memoriam
    memoram cum smnma laude
    non modo oecidentalis,
    occidental S, venun
    vern etiarn
    etian orientalis ecclesia
    ecclesa eelebrat.
    ce1ebnt . Manifestum est igitur hos n
    on obscure neque 8ub
    sub dubio.
    dubio, sed
    red palaJn
    palam et mani~5 feste sensisse
    smsisse sacratissimis
    sacratissiJnis illius Domini
    Domin. verbis h oc sacramentum
    saeramentum CODHOt:. eu
    lIU C01'pus
    corpus _m
    _m,, et Hic ut S41ff
    sa1fguis
    Uis meus.
    mllUS.
    fici: Hot:.
    Quid igitur
    igitur?? Hi
    quidem hoc modo dicunt, orientales vero aliters
    alter.
    sentiunt. At hoc modo non idem in eis
    eS locutus
    Iocutus fuisset
    misset spiritus, nec
    sancti
    rancti Spiritus,
    5piritus. sed ventris sui
    su eructationes essent
    ess~t sermones eo.um.
    eom.
    30 Nmc
    Ntmc veTO
    veo unus atque idem
    dem spiritus locutus est er
    per os
    Utfrumque
    utrorumque..
    At quemadmodwn
    quenadmodwn in caeteris omnibus, ita
    . etiam
    eta:n in hoc sacramento
    saca:nento
    coneordes SUDt
    concordes
    sunt occidentalibus
    occidentalbus orientales. Audi enim, quid aurea illa
    Tohannis lingua in LXXXIl.
    LXXXII. super
    suer Matthaeum homilia
    hnilia dicat : "Non
    "
    SUDt,
    sunt. inquit, humanae
    hunanae potentiae opeia,
    oela , quae proposita santo
    sunt. Qui tune:
    tunc
    36 ea fecit in coena. ipse nunc
    nune ea quoque operatur. os
    Nos ministrorum
    locum
    locm tenem.us.
    tenemus. Qui
    vero sanct
    sanc t ificat
    i icat et ea mutat, ipse est.c Rursus
    idem in
    XXVII. super
    supe I.
    . ad Corinthios
    Corinthio homilia
    homlia ita inquit
    nquit : . Quomodo
    Paulus a Domino a.ccepit ?
    ea ex
    N on enim aderat
    adeTat tunc,
    tune, sed
    red unus erat
    pelsc<--utoribus. Ut
    petsc<--utoribus.
    intellegas, a it, nibil
    ih plus illam mensam habuisse.
    habuisse,
    ~ quam habeant hae posteiores.

    posteriores. Nam et hodie ipse est, qui operatu,


    operatUJ

    _m..

    11 ...l.d_ MV
    V .....
    .,d

    d ... B

    BESSARIONIS
    BE$SRJONIS

    28

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    Dll: SACRAMENTO
    DP:
    SACRMENTO EUCHAIUSTIAE.
    EUCHRIS"AE.

    29

    et tradit, quemadmodum et tunc.


    jgitur, ut nos
    os minjstrorum
    tune. Vjdesne
    Videsne igitur,
    ministrorum
    10cum tenemus. Qui vere
    ere ea
    ea. sanctificat
    sanetificat et mutat, ipse est. Vides,
    dM,
    ut ipse est, qui omnia
    omn.a operatur et tradit,
    tracHt, quemadmodum et tunc.
    tune.
    Persuade igitur tibi, ipsum esse, qui ea mutat. Nec rationi
    ratiom tuae, quae
    5 dubia
    duba est, sed infinitae illius potentae
    potentiae hoc tribue.t
    tbue.
    Dices fortasse
    haud
    baud tibi
    tbi CQntradicere
    contradicere hunc
    hune doctorem. Etenim te quoque et sentire
    et profteri
    profiten illum esse, qui
    baec
    baee operatur, sed per oraliones,
    orationes, !Ied
    sed per
    peces
    pteces sacerd.oti:s.
    sacerd.otis. Atqui multum interest operari aliquid
    aliqud et omnia
    omma
    operari. Tu
    namque Spiritum
    Sum sanetum
    sanctun eis
    cis descendentem
    descenc1ntem tuis
    Ns preci10 bus sanctificare
    sanetificare haec munera,
    munern, quamvis etiam verba Domini aliquid
    operentur. Hic
    vero doctor sanetissimus
    sa.nctSSimus ipsum inquit
    nqut SalvatotetD
    SalvatoletD
    haec perficere, ipsum omnia operari. Ne<:
    Nec addit pucibus
    predbus sacerdotum
    sacerdoturn
    id lieri,
    e, quod
    od certe addidisset, si
    , scivisset
    scivsset necessarium fore.
    lare. Subticuit
    autem tamquam non necessarium. Qui enim omnia
    ornnia facit,
    faeit, nulle
    1l0 in16diget
    1 6dget operatore.
    Verum ex illis
    ills Chrysostomi, quae supra memoravimus, verbiss
    dscitur quaedam
    qua.eda.m haud eontemnenda
    contemnenda CQnsideratio.

    discitur
    coruideratio. Ait
    Ai! enim non
    accepisse Paulum a Christo hanc
    bane traditionem,
    traditionern, eum
    cum tamen ipse se
    accepisse
    accepsse asserat. Et
    recte quidem Chrysostomus. Erat enim
    enin tum
    20 Paulus
    Pamos ersecuo
    persecutor et hostis
    hostS nominis Christi et mu!to
    multo post ascensionem Salvatoris
    SalvatoS in eoelos
    coelos sacram fidem ab eo, qui
    sibi in via fuerat
    obvius, didicerat.
    didieerat. Quibus igitur
    gtur tradentibus accepit? Nempe apostolis,
    apostols,
    et iis
    s quidem non v
    verbo
    erbo tantum docentibus, sed demonstrantibus opere.
    Paulus vero tradidit
    traddit nobis,
    nobs , quae acceperat.
    aeceperat. Cum autem ea sola
    50la tradide26, quae in epistula ad Corinth.ios scribit
    scribit. certe illa
    , sola
    50Ia accepit et
    25rit,
    illa sola
    50la apostoIos
    apostolos facere vidit. Nam si
    ' plura facere vidisset, ea quoque
    tradidisget.
    tradidsget. Nhl
    Nihil autem
    autern in ea epistula dicit amplius, nisi Christum
    ChStum
    accepisse panem in manus suas, benedXisse,
    benedixisse, dedisse discipulis
    dSCipulis atque
    dixisse:
    dix.sse: Auipte
    Auipite et
    d conlfdite, hot
    hot e$t corpws
    corfr$ mfln.
    mem. Idem igitur
    jgjtur omni
    ornni
    3Oex. parte apostoli, quibus tradentibus Paulus id accepit, Iaciebant.
    Iaeiebant. Hoc
    oc
    tantum accepit ab illis
    s Paulus, hoc tradidit
    traddit nobis. Postea Ve1"O
    VeTO sive
    Clemens, sive IaCQbus,
    Iacobus, sive alius quicumque alias
    ,as orationes et hymnos
    et eantica
    cantica non
    ad necessitatem, sed ad omatwn addiderunt. Quae
    eum
    cum ita sint, satis eonstat
    constat beati Chrysostomi testimonium
    testimonin adeo clarum
    c1arum
    3li atque apertum e.sse,
    esse, ut nulla excusatio, nullum subterfugium eahnnnicalnnni
    antibus re1inquatur.
    re1nquatur.
    Audiamus nunc
    nune eundem doctorem seipsum exponentem et ita rem 10,
    halle declarantem,
    hanc
    declaranten, ut nu1lus,
    nullus, quamvis audax et CQntentiosus,
    contentiosus, contradieere ausit. Hie
    dicere
    Hc in
    n ea homilia,
    hom!a, quam de prod.itione
    proditione traditoris
    traditos et sacra40 mentorum traditione conscripsit,
    conscripst, ita inquit:
    : Adest nunc
    nune quoque Ch~
    Chri~
    stus, qui iIlam
    jllam mensa.m
    mensam fecit;
    feeit; ille ipse nune
    nUDC etiam
    etam ornat.
    ornat.
    Non est enim
    homo, qui haec mnnera
    mIInea facit corpus
    CQtpUS et sanguinem
    sangunem Christi, sed qui

    crucifixus est pro Dobis


    nobis Christus. Figuram quidem adiInplens
    adinplens astat

    3.

    BESSARlONIS
    BESSR.10NIS

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    DE
    SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHARISTlE.

    3L

    sacerdos, verba illa pronunta.ns;


    pronuntians ; potestas vero
    eo et gtatia
    gata tota Christi
    Christ
    est. Hr
    H~ est un'p.s
    un'/J$ ",eum,
    meuHJ, ait. Hoc verbum res propositas transmutat.
    Nam quemadmodum vox illa, qua dicturn
    dictum est: C"escite eS
    e ",ultiplicami"j
    multiplicamirsi
    et "eplete
    t4am, semel quidem dicta est, semper &utem
    operae
    "lop!.ete Urr""',
    autern fit
    Ii naturae nost:rae
    nosttae vim
    vUn praebens ad generandurn.
    generandum. ita. haec quoque vox
    semel dicta in
    n singulis
    ngulis aris
    ars ex eo tempore
    tempoTe u.sque
    usque in
    n praesente:n
    praesenteIn diem
    et usque ad Christi
    Christ ad~tn
    ad~twn hoc sacramentum. integre
    ntegre perficit. Verum
    ad haec dicere soletis:
    so1etis: Quemadmodurn
    Quemadmodum verbwn,
    verbum, quo CTeata
    ceata sunt omnia.
    non ipsw:n
    ipsum solurn
    so sufficere
    sufficee ad productionem eorurn,
    eon, quae fiunt, sed
    10maris et feminae coniunctionem
    coniunctonem requiri. ut animaliutn
    an.imalin genus propagetur.
    culturnque terrarum
    tearum et agricolarum opera necessaria esse, ut quae na5n,ascuntur. e terra
    tea producantur et coa1escant,
    coalescant, eodem modo solum
    solurn Salvatoris verbwn haud sufficere, sed et preces sacerdotis et benedicbenedietione et alia pleraque
    tionen
    plenque necessaria esse ad hoc mysterium peCiendwn.
    perliciendurn.
    1Ii
    :; Haec enim Marcus.
    Mareus. Epbesinus
    Epbesnus antistes, ex dictis
    Nicolai
    icolai Cabasilae
    swnpta obicere solebat. Etsi longe impar ingenio,
    ngenio, acutius sane
    saue multo
    ille disputavit.
    disputait. quamquam
    quanquam nec ipse
    pse quidem
    qUdem dignum aliquid diueruit.
    dine:uit.
    Enimvero admirandos simul atque deflendos illos censeo, qui sponte
    sua ad clarissimas res et ipsam veritatem oculos
    ocuIos claudunt, et ita ut
    20tam clara atque aperta sanctissimi doctoris verba pervertere conentur,
    et ita
    contTa
    conta propriam salutem
    saluten exponere, ut omnibus contemptui
    contenptui sint
    atque derisui.
    Quid enim ait sanctus doctor? .Figuram
    tFguram adimplens astat seoer-.
    secer-
    das,
    dos, verba
    veTba illa pronuntians; potentia veto
    ero et gratia
    gata tota Christi
    Christ
    uest. Hoc en
    lon corpus
    corpU$ tfIe_,
    meum, ait. Hoc verbum
    ve<rbum res popositas
    propositas tta.nstans
    JDutat..
    mutat.. Quid hoc certius
    oertius desideras?
    desideras ? lila,
    lUa, inquit, verba a sacerdote
    pronuntiata. Quae autem illa sint, subiungit: Hoc est ,c()J'p&
    ,cOJ'/'US ",,",m.
    m,eum.
    lUa,
    Illa, inquam,
    inquan, teS
    res propositas transxnutant.
    transnutant.
    F-it ergo tTansmutatio
    transmutato
    per illa verba,
    veTba, non a .sacerdote,
    sacerdote, sed a Christo, cuius
    cuins tota
    tot& gratia et
    30 potestas est. Sacerdos enim
    enirn figura.
    figura, Christus vero
    veto veritate haec traJu.traJs.
    mutat, sacerdote verba eius,
    eins, quemadmodum
    quemadrn.odum ille statuerat,
    statuera.t, pronuntiante. Et rursns;
    nrsus; .Hoc
    tHoc verbum sacramentum
    sacramentn integre
    ntegre perficit.,
    perfidt., Considera, homo, quid integra
    ntegra haec peectio
    perlectio significet. Attende. quid velit.
    vetit.
    Hoc verbum
    veTbum res propoStas
    propositas transmutat. Noli pervcaciter
    pervicaciter contra
    co.nta pro3IS priam salutem contendere et huius
    hUus sententiae magis praecipuis ac
    manifestis partibus
    partibns reiectis
    eiectis erertere
    pervertere reUquas.
    rellquas. Nec enim
    enim. Ephesinus
    Eph.esinus
    ille nec Cabasilas integram
    ntegra.m istam sententiam
    sen.tentiam adducunt, sed quib1Isdam
    quib1l!;dam
    eins partibus recitatis transiliunt, fragmenta eius ql'aeclam
    eius
    qnaeclam velut
    ve1ut indocti
    iuxta Platonem
    Platone:n coqui, qui nesciunt, volun.tve per ,artus dividere,
    dvidere, nonolODulla.
    .onuIJa. proferentes. caetera
    ca.etera vero, quae ma.gis
    rna.gis ad reJ1:l
    e: fa.rerent,
    fa.cerent, silentio
    raetereuntes
    praetereuntes et hoc modo obtenebrantes
    obtenebantes veritatem. Imprimis
    IMprins itaque,
    hic,
    sicut supra dictum est, ex huiusmodi verbis sancti doctoris non hic.
    quem vos
    os dicitis,
    licitis, sensus
    sesus colligitur. Deinde, 0 hone
    bone vif,
    ir, nonne i1lic
    illic

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    33

    OE
    SACRAMENTQ EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHARISTlE.

    auetor
    aucto atque opifex omnium:rerum
    omium:rerun marem et feminam
    fe:nina:n ea lege creavit,
    ut non
    nisi
    pet'
    pe coniunctionem eorum
    ""onm animalia
    anmalia propagarentur
    propagarentul' ? Rursusque in
    n aliis
    alUs semen
    seen nasci et ex terra
    tea ordinavit,
    ut seminetur,
    se:nnetur, seminatum
    nascetm:
    natwnque multiplicetul'?
    fiel't.
    nascetu natumque
    mtlicetur ? At idcirco nec-sse est ita fieri.
    fi Oportet enim (Sse
    esse arantem.,
    an.ntem, opartet
    oportet esse !oclf)Iltem,
    !oclf)tem, oportet esse generantem, omnesque
    o:nnesque divinae obtempexantes volunt01.ti,
    voluntati, hoc est ita agentes,
    Tantem,
    ut ille
    lle statuit.
    5t01.tuit. Statuit
    5tatuit enim
    eni:n eo modo, quo diXirnU5.
    dixirnus. Quemadmodum
    Quead:nodum
    illa
    il101. vox, qua dIctum
    dictum est: Crescite
    C,.escite et muUiplicamini, operae nostrae vim
    praebet adgenerandum - opern.e,
    opeae, inquit, naturae nostrae
    nostae vim paebet,
    praebet,
    10 banc
    balle sci1icet
    seiHcet ei
    legem
    Iegem ponens, ut iIIa quod suum est agat, ipsa vero
    omnem
    omne:n vim praebens - ,, in
    hoc vero
    divino, de quo agimus,
    aginus, sacramento
    .sacra.nento
    dumtaxat
    dumtax01.t apostolos saceTdote5
    sacedotes eIficiens et materiam
    mateam panis et vini,
    in,
    qu01. ipsi quoque uterentur, ostendens
    qua
    ostendem tradjdit
    tradidit eis fonnam, qua sacramentum eonficeTent.
    conficeent.
    Haec autern
    auten mmt
    n.n verba
    verb01. eius
    : Hoc est crwpus
    corpus
    umeum, et
    Hic est sanguis
    s4nguis meus. Quae semel a Salvatore
    5alvatre dicta, ait
    lJSmeum,
    sacratssirnus doctor,
    docto, semper operari, non
    on eooperari,
    cooperari, nec
    euiusquaxn
    cuiusquaxn
    sacratissimus
    paesidio
    praesidio egere.
    egee. Magnam enim,
    eni, immo
    iuno maxima.m
    maximam omnium vim
    virn. baberen,t
    hwnana verba, si
    quid auetoritatis
    auctoritats aut potentae
    diins adderen.t,
    potentiae divinis
    immo
    nuno vero illa excellerent
    exceI1eent dignitate, quod etiam eogitare
    cogitare impium est
    e;t
    20 atque nefarium.
    Cooperantur, inquit Ephesinus, Dominicis
    Dominieis verbis
    vebs sacerdotis.
    preces. Quom.odo,
    Quomodo, 0 bone vir, eooperantur?
    cooperantur? An
    tamquam per
    pe se
    5 tamquam sufficientibus,
    suffieientibus,
    insufficientibus, an tamquaxn sufficientibus ? Si
    supeflua certe et
    vana est tua omnis
    omns oratio; si tamquam non sufficientisuffcientisuperilua
    25 bus, heu I quae improbitas
    inprobitas est, quae blasphemi01.
    blasphemia dicere, !
    ut quod divinis
    deest ve1"bis,
    vebS, hominis
    homins suppleant preces ? Praeterea cum
    euro verba haec
    dicis
    dics simul
    5inul eum
    cum oratione totum pce
    perficere , utnmque
    utrmnque imperlectum
    inperfectum putas,
    necesse est igitur,
    g, ut aliud
    aIiud tertium adveniens
    advenens id agat. Quid vero hoc
    sit,
    , tu, quaeso, n obis aperi,
    aperi. Neque enim Spirituro
    5prtuu sanctum
    sanetum id esse
    30 dices; siquidem hoc est, quod quaeritur, an quodlibet eorum
    eown pet'
    pe se,
    an a.mbo
    ambo simul
    sn Spiritum
    5pJritum sanctwn
    sanetwn ad id agendum inclinet.
    nclinet. Quod s i
    ambo contendis id posse, inteIIegas
    intellegas necesse e st, quod si
    arobo simul
    hoc possunt, quatenus inibi
    nibi Dominiea
    Domnc01. verba continentur, ea sunt, quae
    confieiunt sacramentum,
    conficiunt
    saeramentum, sive
    , sequatur, $ive
    sive non sequatur oratio. Itaque
    35 nihil eis ad hoc addit aratio
    oratio sacerdotis, nee
    iI1is
    iIlis aliquod necessarium
    a1iunde praesidium. Quod si
    quatenus
    qu01.tenus supplicat saceTdos,
    sacedos,
    ut deest aliunde
    'lCendens Spiritus
    '!Cendens
    5piritus sanctus illa sacrificet munera, eatenus dumtaxat consecrantur,
    secrantu, nihir
    hl ergo
    ego operantur
    opeantur verba Dom.inica,
    Dominica, nec verum dicit
    dieit ChryChry4
    sostomus, eum
    cum ea asserit semper
    seropel' operari
    opeari et transmutare et integre
    Jntegre pet'pe40 ficere,
    cere, nec cooperatur
    coopeatur ei boc m.odo
    modo saeerdotis
    sacerdots supplicatio, ut tu ais,
    o1.s,
    10 iIr
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    "

    35

    DE SACR.UfBNTO
    SACR.UlBNTO E UCHARI STIAE .

    sed totwn
    totum operatur. Quid igitur comunpis
    commps verba sacri
    sac doctoris non
    reeteeaexponens, et de sacralnento
    fa lsamhabes opinionetn ?
    recteeaexponens.
    sa.cra.nento eucharistiae
    eucha rStiae 'a
    Atqui, inquis,
    Atqui.
    inqus. etiam baptisma sola.
    sola sacerdot
    sacerdots
    is orationeperfidtur.
    ora.tioneperficitur. Etiam 4
    in hoc etTaS.
    etTaS, et veritas in te non
    est. Etenim baptisma.
    baptisma quoque Dominieis
    Dominics
    11Gperficitur
    perfieitur verbis.
    erbs. Euntes.
    Euntes, enim inquit.
    inquit, baptizah e()S in "ami,"
    romiu Patris a

    Filii et
    Spi1'itus
    Sp1'itus sanc.t.
    sanc.ti. Tunc
    Tune peTicitur
    perlicitur baptsma.
    baptisma ,. quando dicit
    dieit sa.cerdO$:
    sacerdos:
    tBaptizetur servos
    serus Dei_,
    Deic, aut : ,tBaptZo
    Baptizo te in nomine
    nOmne Patris et Filii et
    ,Baptizetur
    Spiritus saneti._
    sanct Unde Si
    si quis etialn
    etia.n nihit
    hl a.liud
    aliud aeter
    praeter haec verba
    eM
    dixerit, recte baptizat.
    dixerit.
    baptizat, et qui hoc modo b aptizatus !uerit,
    fuert, salutem
    sa1utem
    10 adeptus est. E
    eonverso
    coneso vero, si quis
    qus caetera dixerit et infinitas ad
    pollexerit preces.
    preces, haec vero
    praetenniserit,. nihit
    omoino agit.
    Deum ponexerit
    eo pra.etennisert
    nihl omnino
    10
    In hunc
    hone modwn apost oli
    ol per impositionem manuum et bened.ctonem
    bened.ictionem
    et pronuntationem
    pronuntiationem horum
    hOTUJll verborum baptizabant.
    baptizabant, in hunc
    hune modum
    eueharistiae
    eucharistae mysteriwn
    mysterium consecrabant.
    consecabant .
    Nondum orationes.
    orationes, noodum
    nondurn
    lGhymni,
    ll1hymni. nondurn caetera.
    caetera, quae in ecc!esia
    ecclesia dicuntur.
    dicontur, composita era.nt.
    Cogitemus
    Cogtemus enim.
    enim, quod fjeri
    fier; certe potuit, ipso passonis
    passionis die aut sequenti
    PetTum
    Petum vel
    el alium
    a.lium quemlibet ex apostolis in memoriam Christi et
    passionis eius sacramentum altaris conficere voluisse,
    passioois
    o!sse, neque enim
    credibile
    credbile est non
    assidue eos illius
    illus meminisse,
    memnisse, in cuius commemorationem
    eommemorationem
    20id fien
    fieri mandaverat
    mandaerat quibus a1ijs verbis
    erbs id eos feeisse
    fecsse existimabimus
    nisi Dominicis ? Et post coenam, quod
    quod. etiam longo temporum inte'f'o
    inter-vallo
    obseratum est, et eommunibus
    communibus vestibus
    estibus indutus?
    va1lo observatum
    At baec verba.
    verba, inquis.
    inquis, narrando
    narr.udo recitata oon
    non pos.sunt
    possunt sacramentum'
    saeramentum'
    conficere. on
    Non autem
    autern tamquam
    ta.quam Tei
    rei gestae seriem
    serlem narrans
    naans sacerdos
    zbaec
    profert, sed tamquam petsonam Ch risti inJutus,
    t ita ea
    26baec verba profert.
    inlutu s, u
    !
    proferens, quasi Dominus esset.
    esset, qui loqueretur,
    Ioqueretur, et eam habens intentionem, ut per verba iUa
    illa iuxta illius
    illus mandatwn, qui ita
    . pe<:epit
    prae<:epit.,
    corpus Christi
    Chsti sanguinemque eonfieiat,
    confciat . quemadmodum ille fecit . Fecit
    Feeit
    autern per ea,
    autem
    ea. quae supra memoravimus verba. Passunt
    Possunt haee
    haec sane
    sa.ne
    od! accipi : aut tamquam ab evangelista
    evangelsta relata.
    relata, et tunc
    tune
    3Oduobus modis
    narrative accipiuntur,
    aecipiuotur, evangelistis
    eangelistis scilicet
    scilieet ea, quae Christus
    Chstus in illa
    saluterae
    salutiferae passonis
    passionis nocte egit, nanantibus;
    naantibus; aut tamquam a sacetdote
    sacedote
    prolata, intentionem habente, ut iuxta
    . ordinem a Salvatore
    Salatore traditwn
    sacramenturn hoc: conficiat.
    conficiat, et tunc
    tune non
    narrative.
    narrative, sed cunetative
    cunctatie proS5feruntur. eum
    cum intentione conflCiendi
    confciendi mysterium iuxta
    iuxta. imitatiooern
    imtationem
    Christi, et quasi ipse esset.
    Cbristi.
    esset, qui et diceret et faceret . Idciroo sacri
    doc:tOTes ass ~runt necessariam
    doc:tores
    recessariam imprimis
    imprims esse sacerdoti
    saeerdoti rectam intentionen
    et propositum ea fadendi
    faciendi ., quae dicta sunt, quippe sine illa nihiI
    hiI omnino
    confici posse.
    jX!S5e. Quemadmodum si quis regum
    regurn per aliquem
    a.liquem ex iis. qui
    coapud se gratia
    gata et auctoritate
    auetoritate valent.
    valent, vo!unta
    volunta tem sua.m
    suam cupiens subditis
    snm
    30is facere
    fa.cere manifestam et ita id apud iUos
    illos valere, ac si se animum suurn
    12 ..
    ~ M
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    cas Vn . lat.
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    "

    DE SACRAMBNTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHRISTIAE.

    37

    expnmente.m audirent, sanciat, ut ita illa verba in prima persona


    exprimente.m
    sunt, populusque ita prolata audiens tamquam
    referat, uti asedicta
    a se dct sunt.
    ab ipso
    pso rege dictis obtemperet.
    obternpeet. Manifestum est enim,
    en, quod si hac
    lege
    Iege data veniens ad poUlum
    populum nuntius ita dicat: Rex. vestTae
    estae salutis
    5 cupidus vest1:a:rnque
    vest1:a:nque reIn
    rem publicarn in fdicitate ac copia
    copa omniurn
    omnium renun
    rerun
    tenere
    tenee desiderans, continue iis rebus invigilat
    ingilat et leges condit,
    condit. quas ad
    id existimat utiles ac necessarias.
    neeessarias. Unde cum in multis aliorurn
    aliourn ex.empla
    secutus, tum
    turn plurimonrn
    plurimonnn ipse inventor
    inentor hanc legern sandt:
    sancit: Volo quemlibet vestrum, qui conditis a me legibus paruerit, talentum
    talentun auri ex
    10 aerario publico tot an.nis
    annis accipiat. Profecto
    Profe<:to nec
    ne<: narrative
    naatie haec
    hae<: dicit,
    sed simulatque
    smulatque dicta SWlt,
    sw, rata
    fiW1t,
    fiWlt, quae iubentur. Quamobrem?
    Quia rex. ita
    sanrit.
    sanx.it. Eodern modo hoc intellegendum est talern a
    Domino sacerdotibus traditam
    traditarn potestatern, ut eius verba
    erba ab illis in

    pima
    prima persona et tamquam
    tanquam simul
    Jnl ab eo dicerentur
    diceentur po1ata
    prolata totwn effieff15 ciant.
    clant. Aut cur
    illiquidem
    illiqudern suffecerunt haec vet'ba.
    verba. nobis vero non
    sufficiunt ? Si enim illi
    suffecerunt, et
    n
    nobis
    obis utique sufficere debent potenta
    potentia
    ilHus
    et tarnquam
    tanquarn ab illo
    iUo dicente prolata.
    Quod si nobis aJiquid
    aliquid necesse est addere, imperfecta sunt verba.
    verba'
    illius. Absit a is
    piis mentibus
    rnentibus talis cogitatio. Quam enim aliam potesta20 tern
    tem per consecrationern accipiunt sacerdotes,
    sacedotes, nisi
    illa.tn Christi personam posse subire et ro
    pro eo nobis adesse et, que.madmodum
    que.madmodurn ine
    iUe fecit,
    feeit,
    corpus eius posse consecrare?
    consecare? Fecit
    Fect autem
    autern illa per verba,
    veba, quae diximus.
    dixinus.
    Enimvero simpliciter orare
    oare quisque posset, imrno vero
    eo efficacius saepenumero orarent
    nurnero
    oarent multi sa.cerdotes
    sacerdotes nonnullis sacerdotibus.
    sacedotibus .
    Siquidem
    25 plerique sacerdotes
    sacedotes ita
    viVWl,t,
    viVWlt,
    ut non
    sint Deo acce.pti. Plurimi
    vero
    eo
    ex. saecu1aribus
    saecu1arbus ita
    ob eorum
    bon itatem
    ita.t em Deo cari
    sunt et
    grati,
    gati, ut
    plerumque miraculis decorari
    decoari mereantur. Si igitur vel
    soIa oratione,
    ve1
    e1 ea praecipue haec sacramenta perficerentur, certe magis perlicerenperliceTentur a viris
    iusti:,
    iustis, quamvis non
    sacerdotibus,
    sacedotibus, quam ab indignis
    indigns sacer~
    saceT~
    30 dotibus. Hoc vero falsum est. Perinde enim
    mim sacramentum conficit
    sacerdos, quamvis malus atque pervesus,
    perversus, ut optimus atque sanctissimus. Saecularis vero
    eo pesona,
    pel'SOna, qualibet fide religioneque excellat,
    excel1at, nihil
    omnino potest, quia nullam
    nuUam ad faciendum a Domino potesta.tem
    potestatem accepit.
    cum sacerdos
    sacenlos acceperit maximam. Si igitur non est vi:
    is orationis,
    oationis, quae
    35hoc
    3lhoc facit esset enim
    mim omnibus
    omibus cornnllUlis
    cornmmis - , superest
    supeest
    ut pro Chmto
    Christo
    adsint nobis
    nobs sacerdotes eiusdem in
    hoc potestatis, qui et
    instar illius
    operari possint et
    annuntiare ,
    populo, quae ille praecepit. Hoc enim,
    jacite in meam
    inquit, jaGite
    mu'" commemoratimem. Hoc scilicet, quod ipse feci,
    accepto pane et villo
    ino in manibus, respiciendo
    espiciendo in coelum,
    corium, frangendo.
    40 benedicendo, gratias agendo Deo Patri, et in corpus
    cops et sanguinem per
    pe
    ea verba:
    veba: Hoc est corpus meum, et Hic est sanguis meus, transmutandO.
    transmutando.
    H oc enim ea
    transmutat, hoc ea integre peficit,
    perficit, ut beatusChrysostomus ait.

    3.

    BESSRIQNIS
    BESSARIONIS

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    . On.tio catecb. 37 \PG U.
    4~. 96 D-.
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    ). 1
    19 1 Tim 4. J. I
    27 Cf. Ad.t
    . cpl
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    . 8.6
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    ..

    DE
    SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHRISTlE.

    39

    Haec quidem,
    quid~m, nisi me animus
    anms fallit,
    all, satis
    satS sUpeIque
    supeque cse
    as~ videntUT
    videntu ad f
    obturanda
    obtur.uda omnium OTa,
    OJ"a, qui tam apertae et manifestae rei
    re contTad.icere
    conanM. Audiamus
    Auilia:nus ta.men,
    ta.tnen, si p1aoet,
    plaoet, etiam
    etia.m Gregol"lum
    Gr~gorium Nyssenum,
    virum
    iru.m et doctrma
    doctrna et vitae
    Vtae sanctitate
    sanc.titate excellentem. Is in catechetico eius
    eis
    5 sermone
    sertnone de divinis sacramentis
    sac.ramentis ita loquitur:
    loq: .Recte igitur et nunc pa.nem
    panem
    divino
    diino verbo
    erbo sanctificatum in corpus Dei Verbi transmutari credimus.
    credmus.
    Nam et illud corpus - intellegit autem
    autern corpus assumptUDl
    assunptum ex vitgine
    virgine panS
    panis potentia erat.
    era.t. Sancti{icatus vero
    ero tuit
    ! habitatione Verbi in cam,e
    habitantis.
    habitantS. A
    quo ita panS,
    panis, qui
    in iIlo
    ll corpore
    corore erat, transsubstantiatus
    ]0 fuit
    in
    divinam
    diinam potentiam,
    pe eum nunc quoque aequaliter
    aequa1iter fit
    . Et

    potentiarn, per
    ibi enim gratia Verbi sanctum fecerat illud corpus, quoo
    ex pane
    consistebat. Et
    illud quooanunodo etiam pans
    panis erat, et hic similiter
    panis, quemadmooum apostolus ait: Saneti!icatu,
    Sancti!icatur per verbum Dei d
    watimem, non
    (per)
    () c.omestionem
    copus Verbi
    orationem,
    comestionem ad hoc p:ed.ens,
    prcced.ens, ut corpus
    15 fiat,
    riat, sed mox ad corpus per verbum transmutatur, quemadmooum
    quem.admooum ab
    SO Verbo dictum est : Hoc est co,pus
    d. c1arius
    c1a, certiusve
    certiuse
    ipso
    corpus meum.t
    meum . Quid.
    iis
    s audire
    auilire desideras? ,Panis, inquit,
    , verbo Dei sanctificatur.f
    sanctficatur.f Hoc
    :
    imprimis
    imrimis pobat
    probat ma.nifeste
    manifeste verbo Dei sacramentum
    saca.mentum hoc confici. Deinde
    ml.us poOOos
    aertius ostendit:
    tCorpus, ait, potentia pans
    modus
    probationis idem apertius
    osterulit: .corpus,
    panis
    20est, quia
    . pane constat.,
    c.onstat., Alimentum enim, ut Aristoteles dooet.
    primo quidem dissimile, ostea
    postea vero simile fit eius, cuius est alimentum.
    a1imentum.
    Corpus igitur,
    igtur, quoo
    ex virgine
    Vrgine Dominus assumpsit, potentia pans
    panis erat.
    At
    tale corpus ex virgine
    virgne assumptum, qund
    quod potentia pans
    panis erat, non

    fuisset aliter
    a1iter sanctificatum,
    sanctific8otum, nisi Verbum illud carnem
    C8.1em illam
    il1am inhabitasset.
    25 Ita
    It80 nunc
    nune panis quoque altaris
    a1taris non
    aliter
    a1iter quam per verbum Dei et orationem sanctificatur. Cuius rei testem
    testern Paulum citat.
    c.itat. Quod
    l. autem
    ait: pe
    per orationem, nihil
    hil corroborat adversariorum
    adersariorum rationem, siquidem
    in prima ad Timotheum epistola
    epsto1a hoc de communibus cibis dicit. Hic
    vero doctor non de communibus, quae illic
    llic dil.:untur,
    diGuntur, illius usus est
    30 testimonio,
    testinonio, sed dumtaxat, quantum ad confinnationem ropositi
    propositi sui
    spectat,
    sectat, de tran.smutatione,
    transmutatione, quae sit per veTbwn
    ve-bwn Dei.
    De. Unde paulo
    post concludens
    conc1udens 8oit;
    ait; t.
    Mox ad carnem transmutatur
    transmutatul'. Et ad huius
    confinnationem subiungit : t Quoniam ipse dixit: Hoc est corp..s
    cop..s ~I.'
    ~m.'
    Adverte,
    Aderte, quaeso, cum caetera
    c80etea omrua,
    omnia, tum quod
    qul. in
    fine ait, quoo
    mox
    35 per verbum transmutatur.
    transmutatut. Verbum vero inquit
    esse : HQC
    HQc est cor-pus
    mewm. Nonne, oro te, verbum
    vebum illud mox non relinquit locum
    Iocum orationibus? Si igitur verbum illud : HQC
    HQc est corpus
    cQrpus meum, mox transmutat,
    manifestum illud solum esse est, quod
    od transmutat, aliter
    a1iter enim
    enm non
    n
    mox, sed a1iquo
    aro
    aliquo et non
    parvo interiecto tempore transmutatio fieret.
    40
    I ta
    t80 certe inter se conveniunt sancti
    sal1cti patres et doctores nostri, ita
    it80 sibi
    invicem
    inVcem consentanei loquuntur, sive
    sie orientales,
    orienta1es, sive
    sie occidentales.
    Quippe Damascenus in
    !ibro
    libro sententiarum ec... 23 ita inquit: .Non
    est panis figura
    fgura corporis et sanguinis Christi, absitl sed ipsum corpus

    .0

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    16 ,Cor",23.121
    ICorII,23.12t .Cor",2J-<l6.
    .Cor",23-<16.

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.

    Christi deUicaturn.t
    defica,turn.t Et
    unde hoc, sanctissime
    sa.nctSSime doctor? . Hoc ha,bemus
    habemus
    ab
    a,b ipso, inquit, Domino dicente non
    : Hoc est figura
    {gu corporis, sed
    psun corpus
    CO"rpUs meum, et non
    figura.
    sa.nguinS, sed ipse sa.nguis
    ipswn
    figura sanguinis,
    sanguis meus.t
    meu.u
    Verba igitur
    Veroo
    igitu illa:
    illa.: Hm;:
    Hot; est corp.n mlilm,
    mUlm, etiam
    etia.m iuxta
    iuxta. sententiam
    sententia.m illius
    I>
    doctoris fadunt
    faciunt , ut pa.nis
    panis altaris
    altas venun ChTisti
    ChTSti corpus sit cred.a.turque.
    cred.aturque.
    Sed Hs
    i! omnibus, quae supra
    supra. memoravimus
    memora.vi.mus quasi ultma.m
    ultimam ma,num
    manum 11,.
    11,'
    imponit
    mponit epistula doctoris gentium ad
    a.d Corintbios de huius sacratissimi
    sacra.tissmi
    mysterii
    rnysterii traditione speculantis.
    speeulantis. Ego enim,
    mim, inquit, accepi
    accep; a Domiro,
    Domirw,
    tJf40d et tradidi oom.
    vom. Deinde enumerat, quae accepit.
    aecepit. Primo
    Pmo itaque
    16 videamus,
    ideamus, si libet, an suffieienter
    suffcienter tradiderit. Patet siquidem manifeste
    eum
    euro tradidisse. Neque enim
    enm imperfeete
    mperfecte accepit,
    aceepit, neque minus, quam
    acceperat, tradidit
    accepera.t,
    tra.didit ; sed quidquid cl
    et necesse erat cirea
    c:a huius sacramenti
    sa.cra.menti
    mysterium fieri
    lieri,, et accepit et tradidit. Accepit
    Aecepit autem
    autern haec,
    haee, quod
    scillcet Dominus l eSf4s, qua mn;te
    scilicet
    mte tradebatur, accepit pa.nem
    panem et craJias
    graJias
    16agms
    am5 tregit
    ,' d dixit:
    <: Accipi/.e et
    manduude.
    mndUC4te. Hm:: est corpus meum, quoll
    quod
    pro vobis trangitur: Jvx; taci/.e
    taNte i n meam commemorationem.
    commemcrationem. SimiliUr
    SimilUr
    et
    calieem, postqutJm
    dieens: Hie
    calicem,
    postquam eoena!!;t,
    coenavit, dkens:
    Hk calix novum testamentum tst
    in
    !neO
    meo sancuine:
    sang";ne: hoc IadU
    tadU quotiescunq",e Mberitis, in
    meam eommecommemorationem. Et nihil
    hil praeterea addidit.
    Quia
    Quia. enim nmil
    nih1 amplius
    a.mplus
    2acceperat, nihil
    2Oaccepera.t,
    nih1 a.mp1ius
    amplius tradidit. Et addidit modum consecrationis
    divini corporis et sanguinis, omni ex parte sulficientem atque perfectum, quali
    qua1i usus luit
    fuit Christus, qualem
    qua1em ab
    a,b eo ip50
    ipso a.ccepit: acdpere
    a.:ipere
    scillcet panem,
    scilicet
    panern, gratias agere, fra.ngere
    frangere et dicere : AccipiU
    AcdpiU et manducate,
    mnducate,
    Jvx; est corPus meum, et hoc modo eonficere
    conficere sacramentum.
    sacramentum.. Quid,
    250bsecro, horum
    honm consecrat divinissimum
    divinissimurn ilIud
    1lud munus
    rounus ? Profecto
    Profeeto non
    acceptio
    a.:epto panis- hoc enim subiectum est consecrationis, quod in
    corpus
    Domini tra.nssubstantiari
    gratiarum
    gra.tiarum actio, non
    fra.ctio,
    transsubstantiari oportet- non
    fractio,
    quarum
    quawn altera
    a1tera ad conunemorationem
    conemorationem ineffabilium
    ineffa,b1ium erga nos beneficiorum
    m Dei, altera
    a1tera. ad
    a.d distributionem necessarla,
    necessaria est. Superest igitur, ut
    30 verba ista sint, quae consecrent : c
    Hoc est eorpus
    corps meum, et Hic est sanguis
    meus.
    _so Et
    ita existimandum
    exStimandum. est et tunc fuisse consecratum et nunc
    nune
    consecrari, conculTentibus
    concutentbus scilicet,
    sc1icet, ut dictum est, et Patre et Spicitu
    Sp!itu
    sancto, cum
    curn omnia in creatura
    creatura, opera
    opera. iis tribus communia sint.
    sinto Verum
    Salvatori
    Sa1vatori quidem haud necesse fuit Patrem
    Patrern et Spiriturn
    Spiritum sanctum
    sancturo pala.m
    palam
    35ad hoc opus invocare, eurn
    cum unus idemque et unius cum
    curn illis
    iltis substantiae
    substa.ntiae
    sit, propter quod, quidquid ab eo vel fiebat vel dicebatur,
    dicebatuT, idem ab
    aliis quoque fiebat
    allis
    febat dicebaturque. Nos vero fas est et nominatim
    nominatm illos
    invocare et, ut munera.
    munera nostra sanctificent, precari, verum id non
    a1io
    allo
    atque aHo
    alo modo agere, nec
    ne<: alio
    atque alio
    tempore, sed et pro tempore
    4tI)
    4) Domini
    Domni pronuntiamus verba, et quomodo verba significant.
    sgnificant . Quod si
    9 ""P"'''
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    U' (V 4 It MYOiYO LOuhou. ~
    BESSARIONIS

    "

    SINOlllVSS:;m

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SACRAJtENTO EUCHA1USTIAE.
    EUCHJISTIAE .

    illum tamquam hominem


    iIlum
    homnem diceremus, dum gratia5
    gratias agebat beneficiis
    acceptis.
    a:eptis. orasse etiam tacite PatTem
    PatTern et Spiritum saJ\ctum,
    saJ1,ctum, ut ad eam
    consettationern
    consetationem concurrerent.
    concuerent. deinde
    dende verbis illum prolatis mysterium
    mysteium
    peregisse non sine
    on: ratione dic:eremus.
    diceremus.
    modo
    od et nos
    os agere
    agee necesse est, invocato scilic:et
    scilicet Patres
    5
    Eode.m igitur
    et Filio et Spiritu sancto nominatim
    nomnatim et
    ! manifeste, sive ante verba
    Domini sive JX'
    post.
    >St. seu utroque mod.o
    modo - nihil
    hil enim
    m interest,
    mterest, ut postea
    disz:remus
    d is::remus - ita
    demum
    de.mum prolatis Domini verbis sacrum hoc my:terium
    mysterium
    conficere. Ita
    accepit Pau
    Paulus,
    lus, ita
    nobis traclidit. Ttansgredi aute.m
    autern
    10 traditionern
    traditonem eius neque pos!iumus
    possumus neque debemus, si
    5 discipuli eius, immo
    vero Christi et
    esse et vocari eupimus.
    cupimu:. Abunde vero :uperius
    superius demonstratum
    'un est, quoniarn
    quoni.an Paulus
    : hanc
    hane traditionem non a Christo, sed ab
    apostolis acc:epit,
    accepit, non
    modo
    mod verbohoc, sed opere etiam ita facientibus,
    manifesturn
    anifestum esse non aliis quam Christi verbis ipsos etiam apostolos post
    15 Christum consecrasse et
    caeteri5
    caeteris eundem mysterii
    myster ritum tradidisse. Pra.eterea hoc idem ostendunt popul
    populi ad ea
    verba responsione:.
    responsiones. Sacerdote
    Saeerdote
    enim verba illa aita voce.
    voce, ut vos
    VQS Graeci soletis, pronuntante
    pronuntiante 8.S!iistens
    assistens
    popuJus in utraque parte respondet:
    respondet : Amen, quasi dicat:
    dicat : Vere
    e: ita
    est.
    ut tu dicis. Amen enim cum
    curn aftirmandi
    aftina.ndi apud Hebraeos
    He braeos adverbium
    20 :1t,
    sit, graece idem quod vere signi.ficat.
    significat. Amen igitur ad ea verba respondens populus : Certe, inquit,
    quit, corpus et
    sanguis Christi sunt munera
    ista
    Sta propos.ita,
    proposita, ita
    Ciedimus,
    cIedimus, ita
    confite.mur.
    confitemur. Et
    quomodo, quaeso te.
    es:et
    ignrare,
    non
    esset turpe putan.dum
    putandum eo:,
    eos, qui doctiores haberi volunt, ea ignorare,
    quae saeculares et :acrarum
    sacrarum litterarum
    ltterarum ignari respondendo
    espondendo Amen
    25 manifeste
    anifeste se scire
    seiTe magnificant?
    magnificant ? Quid. nonne 8.S!iistens
    assistens sacerdoti diaco: eique ministrans,
    mnStrans, dum sacerdos alta voce iuxta orientalis
    oenta1is eccIesiae
    conus
    ecclesiae
    ritum verba illa pronuntat;
    pronuntiat: Hoc est corpus
    copus meum,
    meum. et
    Hic
    Hie est sanguis
    meus. ipse
    se propa
    propria :to1a
    stola duobus pmis
    primis digitis tacta panem et
    caiicem
    ostendit? Nihil certe a1iud
    aHud significans,
    :gnificans, nisi panem illum Christi esse
    30 corpus, et quod. in ca1ice
    ca1ce est.
    est, esse sanguinem
    sangunem eius. quemadmodum verbis
    illis asseritur. Et
    haec sane ostendens
    ostendeIls diaconus
    daconus non
    on mentitur et non

    mentiens cum iis


    S sentit, qui soIa
    sola Domini
    Domni verba aiunt. hoc sacrum
    perficere sacramentum. Neque enim frustra tales
    ta1eo institutae sunt ab
    ecclesia
    ecclesa caeremo:niae.
    caeremonia.e.
    35
    3:
    Illud
    IUud quoque haud
    baud contemnendum metur,
    vdetur, quod
    qud cum duo sacra-12.1
    menta nobis a Saivatore tradita fuerint, baptisus
    baptismus et
    eucharistia,
    eucharista,
    utrumque verbis
    verbS suis eonfid
    confc iussit. Etenim baptismus. quemadmodum
    que.madmodum
    supra mernoravimus,
    BapUzau W$
    ws #
    j# 1Wmine
    nomine
    memoramus, per verba iIIa
    ill conficitur: #"
    Palr
    Spintus sane#.
    sanc#. Cuiu:
    Cuius rei testimonium esl,
    est, quod patres
    Patris d Filii d Spiritus
    .0
    nostri sancti
    :anct ecdesiae
    eccksae doctores,
    doctoes, qui statuerunt, qu
    quinam
    inam ex
    iis.
    is. qui
    ab haeretici:
    haereticis ad catholicam revertuntur ecclesiam, rebaptizandi sint.
    sint,
    qui non
    on eos haud rebaptizandos esse censent, qui in
    n nomine Trinitatis
    Tritatis
    semel fuerint baptizati. Quod etiam
    etam expositor synodalium
    synodalum canonum
    canOum

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    ,,

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHAlUSTJAE.
    EUCHIUSTJAE.

    "
    Is
    IS enim in quadragesimo septimo

    apud Graecos
    Gaecos videtur
    Vdetur confirmare.
    ;:onare .
    apostolonun
    apostolorum canone
    ;:anone ita inquit
    oquit:: . Vere baptIzatur
    baptizatur aliquis,
    aliqus, cum
    ;:um secundum
    se;:undum
    vocem
    o;:em Domini semel baptizatur in
    nomine Patris
    PatrS et Fil
    Flli et Spiritus
    5piritus
    san;:t, tamquam
    tamquan pronuntatione
    fdei in
    ea iuxta Dominisancti,
    pronuntiatione Trinitatis et fidei
    5 cam traditionem perfica.tur
    perficiatur baptismus.t Si
    5 igitur hae<: duo sola
    501a sacramenta in evangeJiis
    evangeliis manifeste tradita legimus,
    Jegiml.ls, alterum
    alterom veto
    er eorum,
    hoc est baptismus, Dominicis perficitur verbis,
    verb S, profecto et illud quoquaque, hoc est eucharistiam, divinis
    divinS illis
    l et a Deo traditis verbis
    verbs confici
    coc
    existimandum est. Siquidem in
    onmi
    onu. genere rerum quattuor esse causas
    100portet : effectivam, foIma1em,
    10oportet
    fonalem, finalem et materialem. Forma autem
    autern
    huius sacramenti verba sunt
    S1.l0t Dominica,
    Dominiea, et nihil
    hl aliud. Propter quod
    unum idemque esse decet
    d~t unumquodque,
    unurnquodque, eum
    cum et fonna una sit,
    5 , propter
    quam est quod est et esse dicitur. Haec vero ipsa sunt verba Salvatoris,
    Salvatois,
    quae apud omnes sunt eadem, quod minime habent sanctorum
    sanetorum preces,
    11\cum
    lIIeum aliter
    alite et aliter et aliis atque aliis
    alUs verbis diversi supplicent.
    supplcent. Hune
    c
    modum et apostoli a S'l.lvatore,
    S:vatore, ut eredendum
    credendum est, et ab apostolis sancti
    saneti
    atres
    patres postea sumentes in
    singuIis
    singu1s ecclesiae sacramentis,
    sacranentis, quemadmodum
    materiam
    propriam, sine
    nulle modo fieret, quod ,
    proponitur, ita
    materian popan,
    sne qua nuUo
    etiam
    etian proprarn.
    propriam fonnam statuerunt. Hoc catholica
    ;:atholca quidem Latinorurn
    Latinorum
    20 ecclesia
    e::lesia usque in
    praesentem diem observat.
    obserat. Et verba illa, quibus
    unumquodque tamquam per materiam perficitur, nulli non
    sacerdotum
    sac:erdotum
    apud eo.s
    ws notissima sunt. os
    Nostri vero, multa alia,
    ala, quae primum apud
    nostros ortum habuerunt, propter calamitates
    ca1amitates temporum
    tempornm perdidere, ita
    etiam horum rituum sunt obliti.
    oblt
    20
    Quod manifestum fiet, si
    5 quis ad chrisma.tis
    chrismatis sacramentum
    sa;:ramentum ffieD-t
    ren-t
    26
    tern converterit. Etenim secunda
    tem
    secunda. oecumenica
    oe::umenica synodus verba, quae
    sa;:rum chrisma
    ;:hrisma perficiunt, tradens in septimo canone ita inquit:
    sacrum
    JObsignantes,
    Obsigna.ntes, hoc est, sacratissimo
    saeratissimo chrismate
    ;:hrismate eos chrismantes. dicimus:
    s.ignum doni Spiritus sancti.t Et haec
    hae;: verba secundum eos
    mus : signum
    ws
    30 chrismatis
    chrsmati.s sacramentum perficiunt.
    periieiunt. Hoc idem in caeteris diligens
    investigator inveniet. Quae
    Qae igitur
    gitur de divino eucharistiae
    eucharistae sacramento sanctorum opinio sit, quae
    q1.lae Christi, quae Pauli traditio fuerit,
    fuerit ,
    satis,
    s.atis, nisi
    si me animus fallit, supra demonstratum est. Manifeste
    Manfeste enim
    appa.ret, orientales atque occidentales
    o:identa1es omnes eiusdem in hoc esse
    35sententiae, !
    ut sdlicet
    scilioet verba Domini
    Dnini sint, quae sacrum corpus Christi
    Chst
    sanguinernque conficiant. Idem affinnat, idem ipse Dominu5
    sanguinemque
    Dominus asse
    verat.
    Nunc reHquuffl
    re1iquum est,
    ut tertiam
    tertam :\8grediamur partem,
    partern, et rationibus
    ration ibus 13,1
    quae in
    n contrarium adduci solent, solutis linern
    firem operi imponamus.
    imponamus.
    40 Sunt autem tres prae::ipuae.
    praecipuae. Una est auctoritas
    au;:trtas sanctorum
    san;:trum ecclesiae
    e:lesiae
    doctorum, Clementis, Iacobi, Basilii etChrysostomi, qui omnes
    doctotum,

    }ffiSSARIONIS
    }ffiSSRlONIS

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    "
    in missis , quae ipsi composuere, post verba Dominica sacerdotis precibus
    predbus
    DE
    SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTlAE.
    EUCHARISTIAE.

    ho;; sacramentum conficere videntur, siquidem


    siqudem etiam
    etian post verba Domini
    hoe
    prolata non corpus
    co et sanguinem, sed panem et vinum
    vnum nominant.
    Secunda vero
    auctas Dama sceni,
    Ba.silum
    velO est auetoritas
    seeni, dicentis beatum Basilium
    I)
    ) haec
    haee munera ideo praefigurativa nomina~se , quia nondum sanctificata
    sanetificata
    erant, ita
    ;> vero ea nominasse multo post verba Dominica. Tertia ratio

    est
    es! opinio
    i sanctissimi viri
    Dionysii
    Dionysi Areopagitae, qui aperte sentire
    videtur, post verba Domini hoe
    ho;; sacramentum eonfici.
    confici. lis
    i in praesentia
    rationibus a nobis respondendum
    respondendurn est.
    10
    1mprimis
    lmprimis autem verbis sanetorum
    sa.nctorum doctorum.
    doctorum, qui missas composue-l
    composue- t
    runt,
    unica ratio
    rato atsact.
    ~atisfacit. Cum ip,si quattuor patres idexn plane dicant,
    eorom verba ante omnia audia:mus. Clemens itaque pm,
    primus, eurn
    cum
    miraeuia Domini et res gestas eius ac saeramentorum
    miracuia
    sacamentorum a Domino traditadi
    tionem eommernorasset,
    commemorasset, post ea inquit: t Memores itaque nos
    os passionis,
    16mortis
    Il)mortis et
    ct resurrectionis eius
    cius etc.,
    ete., offerimus
    offemus tibi Regi et Deo secundum
    seeundum
    eius pra.eepta,
    praecepta, de.
    etc. Rogamus te, ut elementer
    clenenter inspicias haec
    haee proposita
    coram te
    cora.m
    : munera, tu nullius indi8ens
    indiens Deus, et in eis bene complaceas
    ad honorem Christi tui et mittas Spiritum
    5piritum sanctum
    sanetum tuum, testem
    testern
    passionis Domini nostri
    os Iesu, super hoc sacrificio, qui hunc
    hune panem
    2Ocorpus Christi tui et
    ct hunc
    hune calicem sanguinem Christi tui
    efficiat
    effciat .
    sctura.s commecne
    Licet enim haec Clementis verba inter apocryphas scripturas
    morari soleant, placet
    pIaeet tamen
    tarnen eis
    es impraesentiarum tamquam veris
    s
    assmt1amur. Iacobus
    aSS:11t1amur.
    Iaeobus quoque multo post verba Domini obsecrat, ut

    mittatur Spiritus
    5 sanctus. De quo eurn
    cum multa dix.isset,
    dixisset, s.ubiungit:
    s,ubiungit:
    21) JUt
    t Ut adveniens
    advenies sanctificet,
    sanetificet, et faciat hunc
    hune quidem panem corpus
    corpus. Christi
    tui et hunc
    hune ca1icem pretiosum sa.nguinem
    sanguinem Christi
    Chisti tui.. At
    magnus
    Basilius
    Basilus similiter pos.t
    post verba
    erba. Salvatoris
    Savas invocat
    iIvocat sanctum
    sanetum Spiritum,
    ut ad proJX>Sita
    proposita descendat
    desndat munera et sanctificet
    sanetificet et faciat
    facat panem quidern
    qUdem
    pretiosu
    pretiosum corpus
    co Domini Dei et Salvatoris
    Salvatorls Domini nostri
    nost Iesu Christi,
    Chisti,
    30et calicem pretiosum sanguinem Christi
    Christ nostri,
    os, qui
    qU effusus
    eifusus est pro
    mundi vita. Ad haec
    haee Chrysostomus post verba Domini
    Domni et rerum
    rerurn
    per eurn
    eu gestarwn narrationem
    narationem subdit;
    subdit: . Rogamus te, emitte Spiritum
    tuum sanctwn super nos.
    nos, et
    ct super haec proposita munera, et fac hunc
    hune
    quidem pretiosn
    pretiosUln corpus Christi tui,
    , quod vero in hoc calice est.
    est, pretio35
    36 sum sanguinem Christi tui..
    tu. Post haec subiull8it:
    subU8t: tTransmutans ea
    Spiritu sancto tuo
    .
    tuo.'
    Ex
    quibus omnibus faeile
    facle esset euivis
    cuivis argumentari:
    argumentar: Si
    5 verbis illiu
    illisa
    Dominicis
    corpus me_, et
    Hic est sanguis 1MUS,
    ,,"us, sacnun
    Dominics : Hoc.
    Boc. est eorpus
    Ac:wn
    eucharistiae
    eucharstiae conficitur sacramenti
    s.acramenti mysterium,
    msteum. saneti
    sanct eeclesiae
    ecclesiae doctores
    rninime post ea verba
    id rs
    propriis supplicationibus
    supplieationibus efficere
    effcere conarentur.
    conarentur,
    -wrninim.e
    nec deinde
    dende panem et vinum nominarent.
    nominarelt. Cum
    Curo vero
    veTO id agant, nec
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    BESSRIONIS

    SlNOJ1IVSS:a:H

    ..

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SCRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHARISTIE.

    frustra sanctos
    saJctos Was
    viros sit existimandum, a1am.
    palam fit
    ,, quod hoc sacnun
    sacrum
    mysterium Dominicis
    Dominics verbis nequaquam
    nequaquarn confici existiJnabant.
    exstnabant. Huic
    igitur
    igtur argumento
    agumento ItspOUdeYe volentes primo quidem
    quiden id repetimus,
    epetimus.
    quod
    qud supra probatum est, omnes tam
    tarn orientales quam occidentales
    occidenes
    s doctores in hoc convenire.
    convenire,
    ut sacrosanctis
    sacrosanctS Domini verbis
    ebis eucharistiae
    mysterium
    rnysteriwn conficiatur.
    conficatur. Deinde audimus
    audnus non
    esse ha.ec,
    haec. quae modo
    retulimus, superioribus
    retuliJnus.
    supeoribus illis
    ills contTaria,
    conta.ria. nec a1iud
    aliud hic, a.liud
    aliud illic.
    illic sanctos
    saJctos
    viros vel dicere vel
    sentire, nec esse occidentalium
    occidenta1ium sententiam ab
    orientalium
    orienta1ium opinione
    opinone diversam. Ne:
    Nec enim si
    ita fOTet,
    foet,
    unus et idem
    10 divinus spiritus,
    spritus, sed diversus,
    divesus, nec
    nee verita.tis,
    veritatis, sed mendadi
    mendaci
    potius atque
    a.tque
    erroris
    spiritus in iis
    locutus fuisset.
    Quod
    od etiam cogitare absque
    mpietate non
    ) lied.
    licet. Necesse
    Ne.cesse est igitur, ut iUa
    haec perrectam
    impietate
    lUa vera sint
    smt et
    expositionem illis consentanea esse ostendantur.
    Doere itaque non
    no sine
    ratione fortasse quispiam
    quSpiam posset, quod cum'
    cwnt
    Dioere
    lSeotpUS
    ISUS Domini
    Dnini duplex sil,
    , quemadmodum in prUnolio
    primordio nostri
    nost &eilnonis
    s:"oo
    ostendimus,
    ostendmus, verum seilket
    scilicet et
    mysticum, illud quidem ips.ius
    ipsius Domini
    verbis
    verbs cuius corpus est, confici, hoc vero.
    vero, quod ipsi sumus, sacris
    sa.crS sacer
    sacer
    dotum precibus et
    iustis
    s actionibus et
    vitae ac morum
    norum honestate compleri, curn
    p1eri,
    cun digne
    dgne homines
    honines sacram eucharistiam
    eucharStiam capiunt et eiusdem cum
    cun
    2OCbristo carporis
    corpors efficiuntur.
    e fficiuntur. Et hoc quidem petere sacerdotem,
    sac:erdoten, cum
    rogat, !
    ut descendens Spiritus sanctus panem quidem pretoswn
    pretioswn corpus
    Christi, calicetn
    ca1icen vero
    ero pretiosu
    pretiosum sanguinem
    sanguinen fa.ciat,
    faciat , hoc est, ut fidelem
    populum mysticum
    mysticun corpus Christi $a.Ilguinemque
    sanguinemque faciat, quo membra
    menbra
    et
    partes corpusque eius effecti
    effe:ti et sibi
    5ibi ipsis
    cantate
    caritate et
    Christo uniti
    21 vivant cum
    25
    curn eo
    co vitam
    itam aetemam et fiant ipsius cohaeredes.
    Nos vero praete
    dic:endum existimamus,
    exstimamus, quod'
    quod
    praeter baec
    ba.ec illud potius dicendum
    cum divinum
    divinurn hoc sacrarnentum
    sacramenturn sit
    commune, sit opus
    totius Trinitatis,
    Trinitats,
    nece
    necss
    mee est n08,
    nos, quemadmodum supra diximus, et
    Patrem
    Patrern et
    Spiritum
    Spiritn
    sanctum cum
    curn Filio
    Filo invocare,
    inocare,
    ut
    proposita munera perliciant.
    perficiant. Quod
    30 et passim per tota.rn
    totam missam
    mssam Cacimus,
    facinus, et non
    ante verba Salvatoris,
    sed etiam post multis
    mults cum
    cun precibus invocantes
    inocantes supplicantesque, ut
    digni ministri
    minstri tantae rei
    efficiamur, quo possi.mus
    possimus illa.
    illa munera
    muera perfioere,
    perlicere,
    ut accepta eis Ciant,
    fant, et
    gratia
    ga.tia Spiritus sancti super ea descendat.
    descend.at. Quae
    OUlia
    omna non
    tam
    tarn agimus,
    aginus,
    ut ipsi ea
    ea. faciamus, quam ut populo ostendamus
    36 communia
    coununia esse in creatura
    ceatura opera
    opeca. Trinitatis.
    TrinitatS.
    Quenmdmodum
    in
    Quemadmodum enim
    beneplacito Patris et Spiritus sancti voluntate unus in Trinitate
    Trinita.te natura
    Dei et Patris Filius ex sanctis
    sancts et inunaculatis
    i.nunaculatis virginis sanguinibus
    corpus
    co assumpsit, ita cl
    et hoc corpus altaris ipsa Trinitas
    Tcinitas creat, ipse
    Spiritus sanctus potenta
    potentia sua ex substantia
    substanta in
    in. substantiam,
    substantam, hoc est
    oWex pane in corpus transmutat. Quae res
    ut fideli
    fidel l
    populo pa1am
    palam fiat,
    nns meminisse
    memnisse ne<:esse
    nccesse est. Et hoc veUe illos doctores,
    illius etiam nos
    qui per adventum
    ad.ventum Spiritus sancti sacnunentum
    sacnmentum hoc fieri dicunt. Sunt

    ${ dll-l,o<o;
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    .0

    BESSARlONIS
    BESSARIONIS

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    'IM'-

    ou..

    DE SACl't.AloI:I'rnTO
    SACJ't.Jol:1rnTO EUCHARISTlAE.
    EUCHRIST'lE.

    51

    vero iidem
    m plane, qui solis
    solls Domini verbis eucharistiae
    eucharistae sacramentum
    exiStmant confici. Idem enim
    enm utrumque
    contraria aut
    exiStimant
    utrwnque dicunt, non
    ant
    sibi invioem repugnantia, sed eadem
    eadern dicere existimantes. Utrwnqae
    Utrnqae
    enim
    ..., verwn est. Et eum
    cum unum et idem
    idern ambo siot.
    sinto unum idemque
    5efficiunt, et uno atque eod.em tem
    tempore.
    pore. In
    instanti enim tem.poris
    temporis
    non
    aliter atque alite~, neque alio atque alio momento,
    monento , sed eod.em
    eod.ern
    momento et, si
    s dicere ras
    est, eodem. nunc utnmque
    utrumque idem
    iden efficiunt,
    eum
    cum et
    divinae Trinitatis
    Tnitatis personae, quas
    qua; invocamus,
    mvocamus, unum atque
    idem
    idero substantis et
    inseparabiles
    inseparabIes smt.
    sinto
    10
    Quod si
    rerum natura.
    natura ta1e
    tale aliquod verbum pati posset, quod mox'
    moxl
    et sine a1icuius
    alieuius tempocis intervallo rem
    rern omnem exprimeret, profecto
    nos
    simui
    simul et eodem ternpore
    tempore euro
    curn verbis Dornini
    Domini caetera omnia pronuntiaremus, illa quidem
    qudem dumtaxat sacramenti
    sacramen efficientia credentes,
    et tamen
    tarnen Patris et
    Spiritus sancti gratiam
    gratam non
    dubitantes adesse, et

    15 hoc oratione et precibus


    predbus maniIestantes. Adsunt etenim illi quoque
    eurn
    cun istis Domini verbis, etiam nobis nonnihil u1tra
    ultra flagitantibus.
    Sed cum
    euro desiderii nostri nequeamus ardorem
    ardorern continere, nominatim
    nominatrn
    quoque eurn
    invocamus
    nvocamus et praesentiam eius populis aperimus. Caeterwn
    quoniam natura rerwn id vetat,
    velat, necesseque est per intervaJla
    intervalla ternporis
    20 UDum
    post a1iud
    aHud verbum pronuntiare atque ita totam historiam sacramenti
    roenti repetere, deinde Patcern et Spiritum sanctum
    sanetum invocare, idcirco
    iis,
    i, qui non
    bene rem
    rern considerant, videri solet aliud
    aHud esse, quod
    qud postea
    postta
    invocatione sancti Spiritus dicitur,
    dieitur, idque solumm.odo absque verbis
    Domini
    Domin sacramentum
    sacamentum conlicere.
    conficere. Quod certe a veritate longissiJne
    longissime amt.
    abest.
    2: Oportet enim
    i haec
    tatnquam in tempore, in
    25
    haee a1iaque
    aliaque huiusmod.i
    huiusmodi non
    quo dicuntur,
    dieuntur, sed tamquam in
    tempore, pro quo dicuntur, ita
    a intellegere,
    ac si tempus illud maneret
    maueret minimeque
    minieque ddlueret,
    uere, sed in
    uno eod.emque
    nune illa dicerentur. Profecto enim ita dicerentur,
    nunc
    dcerentur, si fieri
    posset,
    plsset, et
    Terum
    rerum natura minime
    ninime repugnaret. Cwn igitur
    gitur pro tempore, in quo illa
    30 Dominica verba dicuntur, invocationes
    inocationes etiam
    etian posteriores fiant, et ad
    illud referantur tempus, profecto et eod.em haec ipsa dicta esse
    es;e tempore
    eexistianda
    xistimanda sunt, quod certe factum fuisset, si natura rerum pateretur.
    Etenim quemadmodum si
    qais sennonem alicuius
    alieuius moJeste
    moleste ferens
    fereus et

    audire ipswn re<:usans diceret:


    dceret: Clausi tibi aures, cum tamen nondum
    SIi
    S clausisset, veL
    vel aliquid
    aliqud sibi
    Sbi mo1estum videre
    dere no1ens diceret:
    diceet: Obduxi

    ocu1os, cum id nondum, et


    alia iis
    s similia,
    simila, ita ta1e
    tale nescio quid
    qud in iis
    Domini verbis
    erbis animadverti
    aniadverti potest.
    pltest. Cum enim
    errim ita loqui debuisset,
    dicens discipu1is
    :dPiU et nwttducat"
    ntdu;a"
    co,ptI$ m,.,,,,,
    discipulis suis: dcdPiU
    Nx m J'PUS
    fregit et dedit eis.
    . Hoc
    oc enim ipse ordo re'CUm
    rerum po.scebat:
    poscebat: primum eoncon4Qsecrare, deinde frangere,
    rangere, postea
    plstea distribuere, quod nos in
    facimus. llIe
    1e tamen
    at: Fregit etdedit, dicens;
    tarnen ait:
    dicens: c
    Hoc est
    12 ixG>pta,.v]
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    00

    SINOnrvSSml
    SINOnr-SSXU:

    "

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SCRMENO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHRISTIAE.

    figurato S(;liilone,
    StJilIone, quem hysterologiam
    hysterologiarn vocant, usus. ruxta illud ~tae:
    .Simul
    .Siul nutriti natique fuerunt . Et alibi:
    albi : .Sonuit
    tSonuit cadens . Primo enim
    nascitur aliquis,
    alquis, dcinde nutritur, et eadit
    cadt quis, antequam
    antequa.m sonum faciat.
    Decet igitur
    gitur nos recte iud.icare
    iudicare volentes singulaquaeque
    singu1aquaeque intdlegere, ut
    6 in propriis dicta sunt locis,
    Iocis, nec in quo, sed pro quo tempore dicuntur
    animadvertere,
    aninadvertere, et quae veI
    vel ante vel
    ve1 post aliqua dicuntur,
    dcuntur, aliquando
    aIquando
    quidem tamquam simul
    smul cum illis, aliquando
    aliqud vero ve1 ut posterius, quae
    prius, vel
    ve1 ut prius,
    prim, quae posterius dicta sunt, dicta existimare.
    existmare.
    Siquidem
    5iqudem ipse quoque Chrysostomus multo ante et post verba 1
    10 Domini
    Domni in oratione, quae post oblationem diciturmunerum:
    diciturmunerum : .Oignos
    IDignos nos,
    n05,
    inquit, fac Domine, ut coram te gratiam inveniamus,
    invenamus, et acceptum tibi
    fiat sacrificium
    sacrificiun D05trum,
    nostrum, et inhabitet Spiritus
    5piritus gratiae tuae bonus super
    nos et super haec proposita munera.' Vbi
    Ubi considerandum, quid
    qud haec
    verba: IDignos nos fac, ut Spiritus sanctus tuus inhabitet
    nhabitet super haec
    15
    Ir; proposita munera..
    munera.' Nihil differunt a verbi.s
    verbis illis Clementis vel Iacobi
    ve1 Basilii vel quae supra retulimus
    retulmus ipsius Chrysostomi, quibus nonnulli
    existimant
    existmant hoc sacramentum confici. Etenim
    Etenh;n illi quidem Deum
    Deun precantur, ut mittat Spiritum
    Spiriturn sanctum, qui adVllniens
    ad~nens sancticet
    sanctiicet et panem
    efficiat preti05um
    pretiosum Christi corpus.
    corpus. Hic vero: "Dignos, inquit, facias, ut
    20 inhabitet Spiritus
    5piritus sanctus tuus super haec proposita.. Quae verba
    nullam sane inter se diversitatem habent. Haec tamen
    tarnen ChrysostQl11i
    ChrysostQl1li
    ante Domini verba dicuntur et longe
    Jonge ante
    te preces illas, quibus
    qubus nonnulli
    l
    existimant
    existmant sacnun
    sacrum eucharistiae mysterium confici. Quod si Hs
    i, prioribus
    verbis et hac Chrysostomi oratione sacramentum non
    conficitur, pro2Ii fecto nec posteDoribus
    posterioribus perficietur, quae cu.m
    cum illis
    llis eadem
    eadern sunt. Eadem
    eniJn eorundem
    eorundern sunt efficientia. Perficitur autem
    autern verbis illis, quae
    inter utraque media, maxime principalia sunt, hoc est Dominicis verbi.s.
    verbis.
    Haec sunt, quae totum efficiunt, haec ad quae omnia
    oa referenda sunt,
    sive antea, sive
    sie postea dicantur.
    30
    Hoc
    Basili verbis in
    eodem loco
    oco percipiI
    H oc ipsum apertius etiam ex Basilii
    percipi'
    potest. Mox
    enim post munerum oblationem: .Respice,
    .RespCe, inquit, super
    n os, Deus, et super
    nos,
    super hanc
    hallc nostrarn latriam, et acceptam
    acceptarn eam
    earn habeas,
    quemadmodum accepta habuisti munera
    muneta Abel, immolationes Abraham,
    Abraharn,
    Moysi et Aaron sacerdotium, Samuelis pacificas. Quemadmodum
    sr.
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    pec.catoribus, manibusque nostris accipe haec munera bonitate tua, Domine.t
    Domme.t
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    apostolorum tuorum hanc
    hane veram Iatriam
    Iatriarn accepisti,
    ita e manibus nostris haec munera accipe..
    accipe.. Quid ergo tergiversamur?
    32

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    DE SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.
    EUCHARISTlAE.

    65

    "
    Hoc modo et verba haec aatis
    a.a.tis esse ad con-ecrationem dicemus, eurn
    curn

    dicat Basilius: tIta e manibus nostris


    nostrs haec munera accipe,
    aceipe, quemadmodum a tuis
    tu.is apostolis hanc
    hane veram latriam accepistio.
    accepisti. Si enim apo$tolomm manibus
    lorum
    marubus verum Christi corpus eonsecratwn
    consecratwn 'uit,
    lut, idque nunc
    nune in
    fj
    manibus suis lieri rogat
    regat Builius,
    Basilius, cur non
    on his
    bis verbis
    verbs subito peficitur
    perficitur
    sa.cnmentum?
    sa.camentum? Nihil
    Nihl enim
    enin ha.ec differunt
    diferunt aposterioribus
    a posterioribus precibus, quibus nonnulli
    nonnulll putant perfici
    perliei sacrwn mysterium. Audi euim,
    eum, quid
    qUd
    dicat: tRogamus te, ut descendat Spiritus sanctus tuus super haec
    proposta
    proposita munera
    mnnera et faciat
    facat pa.nem
    panem oorpus,
    corpus, ealicem
    ca1icem vero
    ero sanguinem
    sanguinem.
    .
    10 Si igitur prims
    primis illis
    ills orationibU!:l,
    oratonibU!:l, quae simillimae posteroribus
    posterioribus sunt,
    on perficitur
    non
    perlicitur sacrwn
    sacrum mysterium, profecto nec postremis perficietur.
    perlicietur.
    Simillimae enim preces simillimos parerent elfectus.
    effectus. Superest igitur,
    ut verbis Salvatoris
    5aJvators nostri haec vis tribnenda sit,
    , et ad ea caetera
    referendasunt omnia,
    omna, quaeve ante, quaeve
    quaee postea dicuntur,
    dieuntur, et pro eo
    16 tempore, quo illa verba
    erba dicuntur, hoc quoque dici
    existimandwn.
    Diutius autem
    autern in
    hac
    hae parte dedita opela
    opeIa comrnorati sumus, tum
    turn quod
    ad eognitionem
    cognitionem eonnn, quae supra dicta sunt, non
    parvam afferre
    utilitatem videbantUT,
    videbantu, turn
    tum quod necessaria erant ad ea solvenda, quae
    ex divino Dionysio et Damasceno
    Damaseeno opponi
    solent.
    ~
    His addi tertia
    teta quoque ratio, nulli fortaue
    fortasse superiorum in{erior,
    inferior, posset
    posset.
    hieraTcham
    herarcham totum Deo repletum divinoque amore iuxta Dionysium ,ne
    divinis nominibusc
    nomnibusc captum vduti
    veluti exstasin quandam et divinum pati ze
    lum. Ob hoc saepenumero extra se poSu
    positum et totum rejamatae
    reiamatae haerentem zelo quodam et timore, ne id quod desiderat non
    on assequatur.
    assequatur, saepius
    2f)
    2 eadem
    eadern ex vero
    ero ac paene incredibili mentis desiderio petere nec ignorare
    quidern se iam, quod quaerebat,
    quidem
    qua.erebat, adeptum., sed insatiabili quodam
    amore iterum atque iterum eadem repetere, ut etiam in quibusdam
    qUbusdam
    symbolis
    synbolis quasi evidentissimis signis,qui adsunt, inteIlegere
    nteIIegere poss,
    possit, totum
    Deo captum, totum iam divinum effedum,
    effectum, ac per hoc imitatione
    mitatione eius
    30 ad virtutem vitaeque integritatem alliciantur
    allicia.ntur et, ut aiunt, quasi manu~
    ducti ponantur in viam. Hoc summus ille propheta David plerisque
    in locis
    Iods facit. Nam cum dixisset: Cum invocarem,
    invocarem. exaudivit me Deus
    Deu:
    ius#ae
    iUJutae meae, paulo post in
    eodem psalmo
    psa1mo subiungit: Miserere mei,
    me,
    U exaudi
    exauli oranonem
    oraJionem meam.
    mem. Quem locum Theodoretus ex sententia,
    35 nisi fallor Chrysostomi, - neque enim Chrysostomum apud nos in
    praesenta
    praesentia habemus - exponens: tNon
    satiatur, inquit, hic
    hc iustus
    im.tns
    orando, sed supplicans et impetrans et froctus orationis
    orations colligens
    collgens adhuc
    orando ac supplicando perseverat. Scit
    Seit ettim,
    em, quando inde sequatur
    utilitas. t Alibi quoque idem David: Dirigau.r, inquit, oraJio mea
    utilitas.t
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    56

    BESSARIONIS

    "

    SHWUIVSS:aa:

    57
    67

    DE SACRAMENTO
    SACRM ENTO EUCHARISTIAE .

    in'en.fum in
    in'en.f"m
    " umsputu
    ,(mSput"

    ,"0.
    40.

    ut sua
    Quid, quaeso te, elamat
    clamat David,
    exaudiatur
    exaudatur oratio? Si enim iniqua et praeter rationern
    ratonem erat, numquam
    ad Deum
    Deun ascendisset, quomodolibet eo rogante atque obseCTante.
    obsecante. Quod
    si
    reda
    recta et exaudiri digna, iam
    iarn directa erat ad Deuro,
    Den, ipso quoque
    5 propheta tacente. Nempe igitur
    g petit, quod tenebat, et quae praesenta
    praesentia
    iam
    am erant, desiderat. Idem nostri quoque doctores, qui missaJn
    missam composuerunt,
    powernnt, fecere. Etenim post verba illa: tFac
    tFae hunc
    hune panem corpus
    Christi et hunc
    hune ealicem
    calicem sa!18uinem
    sall8uinem Christit,
    Christi., quibus soIis
    solis nonnulli existimant fieri consecrationem, adhuc
    adhue pro eis adorant aut frustra prorsus
    10 id faeientes,quod
    facientes,quod nec cogitandwn est, aut vehementi
    vehenenti quodam desiderio
    desde
    eadem saepius repetentes. t_Memento
    Memento enim,
    enin, inquiunt, Domine, imin
    beeillitatis meae et praesta mihi
    becillitatis
    mhi veniam
    venam onmis
    onu sive voluntariae,
    voluntarae, sive
    "
    non voluntariae meae eulpae,
    culpae, neque propter peccata
    peceata mea inhibeas
    nhibeas
    Spiritus sancti
    saneti gratiam ab his proposits
    propositis muneribus
    muneibus.t
    . Et rursus paulo
    15 post ad populum dicitur: .Pro oblatis
    oblats consecratisque muneribus
    muneibus pretiosis
    Deum rogamus.. En
    Dewn
    quomodo orant, ne ex proposits
    propositis muneribus
    Spiritus gratiae
    gratae arceatur. En
    quomodo
    q uomodo pro sanetificatis
    sa.nctfcatis propostisque
    propositisque
    muneribus
    mneribus hortantur
    hortaDtur Deum precari, quamvis multo ante
    aDte sanetificata
    sanctficata
    fuerint, quamvis perfecte consecrata, etiam iuxta eorum opinionem,
    opinonem,
    20qui nobis contraria et loquuntur
    loquutur et sentiunt. Quid igitur dicemus hoc
    loco, fratres ? Nisi quod ex sententia
    sententa Chrysostomi Theodoretus ait:
    a it :
    tNon
    satiatur orando iustus.,
    ., et reliqua quae supra memoravimus.
    memoravius.
    Quod si
    qui fortasse dicerent:
    divnis muneribus,
    muneibus, sed ro.
    Non pro divinis
    prot.
    nobis fit, quod significant,
    sgn.ificant, quaeram ab eis
    cis primo quidem, eur
    cur nostra
    2sexpositio
    2Iiexpositio non
    eonvenientior
    convenientior sit atque subtilior.
    5ubtjlior. Nam quod hierarchae
    divina quaedam passio et veluti exstasis accidat, ita ut vehementi
    quodam amore extra se positus. totus rei amatae haereat et eadem
    saepius quasi divino quodam furore correptus
    coetus repetat, quemadmodum
    in telleJIis
    tellellis istis
    ists amoribus accidit, ut amans ab amato
    arnato inseparabilis
    nseparabilis
    30 sit,
    5it, profecto non
    parva et eontemnenda,
    contemnenda, sed magna et mystica ratio
    est. Quod vero
    velO iustus non
    satietur orationibus, sed quae desiderabat
    iain consecutus adhuc perseveret eadem peten5,
    petens, desiderio certe ac
    devotioni talis tantique sacrarnenti
    sacram.enti consentaneum est. Deinde vero
    fingamus adversariorwn istam rationern validam esse nec quovis modo
    35
    ~ refutari debere. Nonne pro nobis magis facit ? lnuno vero nonne a
    nobis in confirmationem
    confrmationem seutentiae
    selItentiae nostrae adducta
    addueta est? Hoc est enim,
    quod in
    n principio fere huius disputationis diximus, duplex esse Christi
    COrpu5,
    corpus, verum et mysticum.
    mystieum. Et haec
    haee quidem, nisi
    me animus fallit,
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    BESSARIONIS

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    DE $ACRAM!tNTO EUCHARI$TlAE.
    EUCHARI$TIAE.

    satis sunt ad solutionem ac confinnationem eorum, quae ab adversariis


    dici solent.
    Quod
    Qul veco nonnulli subiungunt etiam post verba Domini
    Domni panem 11
    i1
    et vinum poposita
    proposita munera a sa.cri!'
    sa.c illis
    ill.is doctoribus nominari, quod
    qul
    I>
    5 non
    n011 videretuc
    vderetuc "77:
    "57: faciendum
    faciendum,, si
    iam cOsecrata
    consecata forent non
    enim
    enm
    iam amplius panis
    pans et vmum,
    vinum, sed corpus
    copus et sanguis Domini et eS5eIlt
    eS5et
    et dicerentur - facilis est ad ea respon!'io.
    responsio. Quis enim neget verum
    Christi corpus et sanguinem recte panem et vinum
    Vnum uncupari
    nuncupa.ri posse
    posse??
    Nam. ut praet.eceam
    praet.eream multa diversornm
    diversorum doctorum testimonia. qui
    q in:10 differenter etiam post consecrationem modo
    od corpuset
    cotpuset sanguinem Christi
    modo
    mlo panem et vinum
    vnum nominant neque enim
    enn est in ce facili diutiUlll
    u
    commorandum - , nonne ipse Dominus. quo nullus fide dignioc
    dignoc est,
    est.
    de suo
    pcaesertm
    pcaesertim corpore Joquente, indifferenter
    indfferenter modo
    mlo hoc, modo
    illud nominat?
    nomnat ? Qui
    " numducaJ,
    _1IducaJ, inquit. meam C4NUm,
    caNUm, abibi'
    bibi, _
    _m
    m
    15sanguum,
    15Sang"inem, haba
    habd vil4m
    vitam aetem.:rm.
    aetenam. Et
    rursus:
    rursus : Caro mea vere est
    es' cibi,
    eibus,
    a $1l";$
    sangu;s mtU$
    "", ven est
    es' poius. Et
    iterum: Qu;
    Qui numdUtIU
    _1IduciU meam camtm
    cartm
    a bi1i,
    Mbi' meum sanguinetn,
    sanguirum, in
    me mand
    mnel d
    ego in
    eo. Alibi veco:
    veco : Ego
    $_
    5 _ "
    panis vitae,
    l4, inquit. PiUru
    PlUres "um
    "esm mal'lducaverum
    _'ucverum manna
    1'< i1l
    1l tkseno,
    deserlo,
    " morlui
    sumo Hic
    Hie ed
    mortui $",".
    est $
    panis,, qui de coelo descendit,
    deseendd, t4
    U qui u
    e% eo co_da'.
    20_ 1tUJriaJur.
    morUUur. Et
    alio in loco
    loco:: Si quis manducaJ
    muU ex
    % hoc ptlne,
    ptme, viveJ
    vivet in
    ,.
    ade,#um. Et
    aUeJIJum.
    rursus
    rursus::
    Panis quem ego dabo, taro
    caro mea est,
    , quam ego dabo
    pro mul'ldi
    ,""' vita.
    viJa. Manifestum est igitur,
    igtur, quod iterum suum corpus panem
    nominat etiam Dominus.
    norninat
    Nune ad id, quod de Damasceno opponitur,
    Sed de his satis. Nunc
    ntur , 14,
    1., I
    25 venimus.
    vennus. Idem inquit Basilium
    Basilimn munera illa
    lla praefgurativa
    praeflgUrativa corporis et
    sanguinis Domini nun,cupasse,
    nuncupasse, quod
    qul nondum consecrata erant, et tamen
    tarnen
    hoc verbo
    ebo usus est Ba.t>ilius
    Basilius in
    in. composition.e
    composition,e missae suae multo post
    verba Domini. Ad haec responsuri
    primo tamquam
    tarnquam filli
    filii a patre veniam
    poscimus. si
    duobus propositis
    pcopositis amicis pcaeferamus
    praeferamus veritatem. Dehinc
    Deh.inc
    30 dicimus sacramenta etiam,
    etiarn, postquam consecrata sunt, figufam
    figufarn esse, et
    ideo
    jdeo etiam pcaefigurativa
    praefigurativa veri corporis et sanguinis Christi dici posse.
    quod etiam superius ostendimus- sensibilis enim panis et vini etiam
    post consecrationem species figurae quaedam et praefigucativa
    praefigurativa ti
    uti sunt,
    ita etiam dici possunt tum
    turn contenti sub eis veri Domin.ici
    Dominici corporis
    oporis et
    $ sanguinis. tum mystici corporiset
    corporis et ecclesiastJcae
    ecclesiasticae unitatis- ipsum quoque
    corpus mystici corporis
    orporis symoolum
    symb:llum ac signum
    sgnum esse, ut latius paulo
    ante disseruimul'. Decet tarnen,
    tanen , ut tunc
    tune quoque memoravimus, haec
    debito modo. et non
    instar sacrarnentorum
    sacranentoru.m veteris legis, quae tantum
    figurae sunt. accipere. Quod etiam Dionysii
    Dionysi testimonio confinnatur,
    coninnatur,
    40 qui
    q sacramentwn hoc etiam post consecrationem in 3. ecclesiasticae
    ecc::lesiasticae
    16 t..
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    sINonlvss:o:
    SINOIlIvssn

    09

    DE Slt.CRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHlt.RISTllt.E,
    EUCHRISTlE,

    61

    hieraTChiae
    hierachae capitulo symbolum nominat. lta
    Ita enim inquit: .Sacras
    tSacras
    divinas operntiones
    operationes bierarclabierarcha laudame
    Iaudan~ conse<:rat
    conseerat divinissima
    divinissma et ma.nimanifesta-t,
    testat, quae
    qu;e laudata
    Iauda.ta- sunt, per symbola sancte proposita-.
    proposita . Et infra:
    infrn:
    .Populo
    tPopulo quidem divina solum symbola intuente.t Et rursus: .tIn
    In sacram
    sa.cram
    prineipale symbolum fuit
    ti memoriam
    memoam nos ducit divinae eoenae,
    cenae, quae principale
    eomm,
    eorum, quae in
    altan
    a1tari fiunt.
    {u . Unde et ipse symbolorum creator optimo
    iure eum repeUit, qui non
    sancte neque simili modo
    nodo cum eo sacra
    sa.cra illa
    coenaverit.t Cum
    coena,verlt.t
    Curn igitur sacra
    su:ra illa munera etiam post consecrationem
    symbola
    symbola, nominet. [creatole1l1que]
    [creatOiemque] <et) eorum, quae
    qua,e nunc
    nune quotidie in

    lOecclesiis
    loe:lesiis fiunt, principale symbolum iUam sacramentalem
    sacramenta1em coenam (et)
    <et)
    sacramentorum
    sacnImentorum in eo distributionern, ipswnque Dominum
    Dominn symbolorum
    creatorem appellet,
    a-ppellet, eOTUlll
    eOTUD1 videlicet
    Vdelicet quae
    qua.e tum
    turn creavit-haec
    crea,vit-ha.ec vero fuerunt
    fueront
    propr corporis conseu atio,
    proprii
    a,tio, distribu tio,
    , traditio-, eur
    cur non
    etiamfiguram
    convenientissime
    covenientissme vocet? Atqui quod nec pra.efigurativi
    praefigurativi quidem voca16 bulum vero Christi eOl'pori
    cOi'pori sanguinique conveniat,
    convenat, idem Damascen
    Damaseen us
    testatur in eodem eapitulo,
    capitulo, ita dicens: Praefigurativa
    Praefigura.tiva futurorum dicuntu1'.
    ll quia
    qua non
    fiunt
    verum
    mm corpus
    tur. Verum corpus et sanguisChristi, non
    et sanguis, sed quia
    qua nunc
    nune quidem per ea participes efficimur
    effieimur divinitatis
    Christi. tunc
    Christi,
    tune vero per solam visionem
    isionem intellegibiliter. Hoc idem apertius
    2Oconfinnare
    2Oconinare videtu1'
    videtur beatus Gregorius, ideoque inquiens
    inquens haec nominari
    figuram, quia
    quia- corpore et sanguine Domini Dune
    nunc participamus in figura
    pans
    panis et vini, tunc
    tUDe vero eum talern,
    talem, qualis
    qua1s vere est, rnanifestissima
    nanifestissima.
    Qamobrern non
    video, quid tandern
    tandem fonnion
    visione contemplabimur. Quamobrem
    dans Damascenus praefiguratiyj
    praefigurativi vocabulum
    voeabulum renuerit ideoque ita ex25 ponere sit conatus, eum
    cn possibile sit tarn
    an ex ipsius quam ex caeterorum
    doetomm
    doctorum sententia. verum etiam corpus et sanguinem. sive figuram,
    figurant,
    sive praefigura.tiva
    praefigurativa nominare.
    Licet igituc
    nobis hoc
    hoe loco dicere.
    dicere, quod sanctus Basilius
    Basilus ad
    a.d Am-a
    An-.
    philoehium scribens Iconiensem de Dionysio Alexandrino
    philochium
    Alexa-ndrino martyre
    ao
    : inquit. Nam cum loqueretur de his, qui rebaptizandi sunt, Pe pusia-pusianosque contra Dionysii sententiam rebaptizandos
    rebaptzandos censeret: tMiror,
    ., inquit. quomodo hoc latuerit
    Iatuerit Dionysium, quamvis canonum
    canonurn omnium
    nn;n
    expertissjmum . Volebat sane Diooysius,
    expertissimum
    Dionysius, quamquam sanctus, immo
    vero
    ero etiam martyr,
    nartyr, eos qui ex Pepusianorum
    Pepusanorum haeresi ad fidem
    fidern "enirent.
    venirent,
    35 non
    debere baptizari. Cuius contrarium sentiebat Ba.silius,
    Basilius, nec veritus
    ri
    Dionysii, et sancti et martyris, auctoritatem.
    a-uctotatem, qui contra eiu!i
    eiull opinionem
    iudicaret, diceretque ad fidem ex ea haeresi venientes rebaptizari
    debere, quod non
    recte neque in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus
    sanct; essent bapti:.ati.
    bapti:r.ati. Et nobis
    nahis igitur mirandwn
    mirandum est, quomodo dixerit
    sancti
    .ohoe
    4Ohoc Damascenus.
    Damalicenus. Sed meminisse oportet hominem 'eum
    'euro fuisse,
    fusse,
    19 6 Al4),oy~
    U.oyo lI(0
    ..
    . . _r. B
    ; .. lu'"
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    ... M
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    e.t>i(_ B
    I lC<d
    ~.
    "nIpO<;)
    "no;) B
    OIfI.
    . lC<d

    62

    BES$ARJONIS

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    DE SACRAMRNTO
    SACRMRNTO EUCHARISTlAE.
    EUCHARISTIE.

    63

    quamvis
    quanvis mira sanctitate paeditum,
    praeditum, et fieri
    lieri aJiquando
    aliquando otuisse,
    potuisse, ut
    pro
    imbecillitate humani ingenii
    ngenii non
    rec::te
    recte aJiquid
    aliquid senserit. Nos ~tO
    ~ro non

    ex iis
    s vel ipsum vel a.lios
    aJios de illis, quae paJan
    palam atque unaniniter
    unanimiter tradidenmt. sed otius
    potius ex iis
    s haec discemere ac
    ae iudicare debere.
    Ii
    Fortassis autem, quod impossibile
    imossibiJe non
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    dceret quispiam verba illa'
    iUa'
    Basilii, quibus haec
    haee munera praefigurativa nommavit,
    nominavit, tempore Da~
    masceni locum ante
    ate verba Domini in
    m tnissa
    nissa Basilii habuisse, ideoque eo
    modo et recte exposuisse
    exosuisse Dama.scenum. Nunc
    Nune vero
    veTO nescio, quomodo
    quomod.o ea
    verbafuisse( nt) transposita. Multa enim
    vetbafuisse(
    enin huic
    huie trimilia
    rirnilia tam
    tarn longo ternporum
    10 intervallo
    ntetvallo acciderunt.
    aceiderunt. Siquidem apud apostolum bis illa vetba
    verba posita
    sunt: Hoc taci'e in
    " meam
    maM cDm~mm'ati01tem. Item
    Hem pos:
    post: Hoc eu corpus
    me"m, et post: Hic es' sant"is
    Smg"iS meus. Nos vero
    semel tantum in sacra
    oonsec.ratione hoc dicimus.
    dieimus. Ptaetetea
    Praeterea sacra.s particulas.
    partieulas. hoc est sacre
    dounientium
    donientiun me.moriam, multo
    mu1to ante Domini verba iuxta eundem Dio
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    16nysiwn
    neseN> quolfinysin facere solebant, nos vero hoc multo post, mutato nescio
    modo ordine, facere COJIsuevimus.
    consuevimus. Minime
    Mnime igitur mirandwn
    mirandn esset, si
    hoc paefgurativi
    praefigurativi vocabulum Damasceni tempore ante Dominica verba
    locatwn,
    locatn, dehinc
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    mutatun
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    20
    Hisitaexpositissuperest,utadea
    Hisitaexpositis superest, ad ea tandem, quaedesaneto
    qua.e de sacto Dionysio
    D ionysio 15, I
    ab advetsatiis
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    obiici soIent,
    solent, respondeamu.s.
    respondeamus. Verba eius haec sunt:
    .tInde
    -tInde divinus hierarcha
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    sacrum altare !audat
    laudat praedictas
    praedietas
    sacras operationes
    operatioes Dei, ipsius Iesu providentiae, quas ptO
    pro salute generis
    nostri beneplacito
    sanctissmi Patris in
    n Spiritu sancto secundum
    secundun evan
    benep!acito sanetissimi
    2ligeIica verba operatus est.
    eS. Postquam autem laudavit
    Iaudavit et venerandam
    intellectualemque
    nteUectua1emque speculationem eorum intellectua1ibus
    intellectualibus oculis perspexit,
    ad symbolicam eorwn oonsecrationem
    oonseerationem venit, et hoc secundum d~
    tradi~
    tioDem divinam. Unde devote simul et lUerarchice
    tionem
    hlettTChice post laudes divinarwn
    operationwn
    operatonwn de oonsecratione eorwn respondet : Tu dixisti,
    dixi.sti, inquiens:
    nquiens:
    :.JHoc
    :>Hoc tacite
    /acite in
    ,. mum
    _m commeiiiora#OMm.
    com",eiiiora#Otem. Deinde postuIans, ut dignus
    fiat hac oonsecratione et ad similitudinem Cbristi haec divina peficere
    perlicere
    valeat et caste distribuere, oonsecrat divinissima
    va1eat
    divinisina et manifestat laudata
    lau<iata
    per symbo1a
    symbola sancte proposita.c
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    65

    OE
    DE SACRAMENTO
    SACRMENTO EUCHARISTIAE.

    quibus supra mentionem


    nentionem fecirnus,
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    -Domini mutare panem in
    in.
    corpus, illa sacramentum
    sacramenturn integre peicere,
    perlicere, verbo Dei panem sancti
    saueti
    ficari, panem in
    corpus
    oorpus pet'
    per verbum
    veburn mutari, ante verba panem simplieiter
    citer esse
    es:;e munus, quod offertur, post verba mox in
    eorpus
    corpus mutari,
    .5 aliaque huiusmodi
    huiusmodi?? A
    quibus quomodo, quaeso te, di5sentiret
    dissentiret Dia--
    nysius, praesertim doctrina et sapientia ac
    ae vitae sanctitate aequalibus
    atque simillimis?
    sm1Jimis? Profecto
    Pofecto nemo hoc
    hoe mentis eompos
    compos fateatur.
    Est autem,
    autern, quod. DiOl'lysius
    Dionysius inquit, ta1e
    tale aliquid,
    a1iquid, quale
    qua1e superiusI
    superiUst
    dXimus, quod eum
    cum opera in
    ereatura
    creatura totius Trinitati~ eommunia
    commllma sint,
    diximus,
    10 ut hoc omnibus palam fiat, operae pretium est totam nos
    os Trinitatem
    invocare. Quod eum
    cum simul
    sirnul et absque intervallo temporis fieri non

    possit , eum
    possit,
    curn praesertirn
    praesertim oporteat omnem
    ornnern illorurn,
    illorum, quae ea nocte gesta
    sunt historiam enarrare, necesse est nos
    os unum post aliud
    allud secundum
    vim et naturam nostrae pronuntiationis exponere. Ita ergo post verba
    16 Dommica,
    Dominica, quibus iuxta Chrysostomum integre perlicitur
    per/icitur sacramentum
    ae proposita transmutantur, quibusve, ut Gregorius Nyssenus ait,
    ac
    sanetifieatur panis, in eOl'pusque
    sanctificatur
    cOl'pusque tran.~fertur, Patrem ac
    ae Spiritum
    Spiriturn
    palam atque aperte invocamus. Hanc
    Hane vero
    manifestam
    nanifestam invocationem
    invocationern
    tamquam multitudini
    rnultitudini notiorem tradit bcatls
    bcatus Dionysius, eum
    cum sacer
    20dotem dicit,
    dieit, postquam "
    pro se Tespondit,
    respondit, dicens: Tu dixisti,
    dxisti, Htx
    ; /aCu
    /aciu
    il$ meam commemcrationem, tunc
    iIJ
    tune dernum
    demum ad consecrationem
    oon secrationem accedere.
    aecedeTe.
    Conseerationem
    Consecratonem enim hoc loco
    Ioco vocat non
    illam, quae sola et principaJis
    principalis
    est, et sine qua pedici
    perfici mysterium
    rnysterium non
    posset, sed eam, quae notior

    est ac
    ae manifestior rnultitudini,
    multitudin, quaeque ad primam illam atque praeci
    25 puam,
    puarn, quae fit
    verbis Domini, refertur, quam eodem
    eodern temporis
    ternporis momento
    mornento
    et, ut supra
    5upra diximus,
    diXimU5, eodem nunc,
    nune, cum verbi5
    verbis Dorninicis
    Dominicis pY"Otulisset
    protulisset
    sacerdos, si
    5 id natura rerum fetTe
    fee potuisset.
    potuisset.
    os autem
    { manife5tiu5,
    etam ante haec_
    Hos
    autern ex eo quoque fit
    manifestius, quod etiam
    haee_
    verba perfectum iam
    iarn sacramentum
    sacramenturn ponere
    panere videtur, cum
    eurn dicit,
    dieit, quod
    30hiernrcha accedens ad sacrnm
    sacrum altare laudat prn.edictas
    pra.edidas sacras operationes cl
    et ita
    a consecrat divinissima
    divinissirna et manifestat
    rnanifestat laudata. Manifestare
    autem
    autern 1audata
    laudata iuxta expositoris sententiam,
    sententiarn, qui luit
    vir
    sapientis':limus
    sapientis':Iimus
    Maximus, est clara facere, quae laudata
    Iaudata sunt, hoc est divjna
    divina opera
    ope1"a
    Christi, quae enumeravlt
    enumeraVlt facta a Salvatore
    SaIvatore nostro in
    remissionem
    35peccatorum
    3peccatorum. et in vitam aeternam.
    a~ternam. Haec verba sunt Maximi, immo
    etiam Dionys.
    Dionysi. Nemini autem
    autern dubium est, cominemorationem divi
    norum beneficiorum fieri ante verba Dominica.
    Dominiea. Quae vero
    ilIa
    i11a sint,
    ipse doctor enumerat. Quamobrem et ante verba Domini fuisse haec
    manifestissime
    rnanifestissime docere videntur. Quod autem in
    remissionem
    enUssionem pecc.atorum
    pecc.a.torurn
    40 et vitam aeternam ipsa opera ducant, mox per verba Dominica sequitur,
    immo
    imroo vero
    inter ipsa Domini vecba
    verba continetur. ;
    Hoc enim eid,
    esJ, inquit.
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    66

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSRIONI$

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    67

    DE SACRAMEN'TO EUCHARISTIAE.

    corpus
    carpU$ mtum, quod pro
    p,o fJobis Irangiltu
    I,angiltu in remi$$ionem
    ,emissionem peaarum,
    peaarorum, et
    ct
    Hic
    Hi, eu
    esJ $anI:Ui$
    sanguis tneus,
    neus, qui pro
    p,o vobis et muItis
    multis eIJundetu,
    elJundetur in remi$sionem
    ,emissionen.
    peccatorum. Quamobrem
    peccaOrum.
    Quarnobrem iuxta huius doctoris
    doctors sententiam iam
    iarn per~
    fectum est sacramentum,
    saeramentum, eum
    curn dieimus
    dicims remissionem eccatorum
    peceatorum nobis
    Ii pra,ebei.
    praeberi. Didmus
    Dicmus autem
    autern hoc subito post verba,
    verba Domini, immo vero
    in
    ipsius Domini verbis.
    verbis. Sequuntur enim haec illa Domini verba,
    quibus perficitur saeramentum,
    sacrarnentum, seiHcct
    scilce t Hoc es' corpus
    co,pus meum,
    neum, et Hic
    Hit
    est sang",is
    sanguis meus,
    neus, quemadmodum res ipsa l'em ipsam sequitut, hoc est
    cst
    peceatorum l'emJssio
    peccatorulD
    l'emissio Dominici
    Dominiei eorporis
    corporis eommunionem,
    communionem, euiusest
    cuiusest effectus.
    10 Medio igitur illo
    tempore, quo divina
    diina opera ante
    a,nte verba Domini laudantur,
    la,udantur,
    et quo eadem post iHa
    iUa verba populo manifesta fiunt, eonsecratio
    cosecratio fit

    illis
    ills videlicet
    videlcet Domini verbis.
    Addit etiam postea idem sacer
    saccr Dionysius: t Postquam autemI
    auteml
    laudaverit et venerandam intellectualemque
    inteIlectualemque speculat ionem eorum ~
    in~
    15 telleetualibus
    tellectualbus oculis perspexerit, ad symbolicam eorum cansectationem
    consectationem
    venit, et hoc secundum divinam traditionem.
    traditionern. ' Quem locum exponens
    Maximus ait: .Benedicens seilicet
    scilcet panem et
    ct ealicem
    calicem saerorum
    sacrorum. munerum.' Ergo benedictionem panis et calicis
    calieis eonseerationem
    consecrationem ait esse
    Dionysius, eamque secundum divinam
    diinam traditionem. Benedictio
    Benedietio igitur
    igtur
    20 panis et calicis, qua tunc
    tune secundum Dionysium sacerdotes utebantur,
    eum
    cum dicebant; Et gratias
    gatias agens benedixit, sanctificavit,
    sanetificavit, fTegit
    fegt deditque
    diseipulis suis dicens: Acdpite a tnanducau,
    discipulis
    nanducau, hoc est CMj>w;
    cIj>w; meum:
    haec, inquam,
    inqua.m, benedictio per verba Domini perficit sacramentum.
    saeramentum.
    Qua.mobrem
    Quamobrem secundum
    seeundum divina.m
    divinam tra<litionem hoc fieri inquit Dionysius.
    25 Traditio enim
    enm Christi haec
    haee fuit: accipere
    aeeipere panem, gratias agere, benedicere
    et verba illa
    lla pronuntiare. on:
    Nonne igitur luce
    luee clariw:;
    c1arius videmus etiam
    testmonio Dionysii
    ])ionys per verba Domini cansecratum
    testimonio
    conseeratum esse eucha,ristiae
    eueharistiae
    mysterium benedictione
    benedietione praecedente? praesertim iuxta Graecorum
    ritum, qui post oblationem munerum
    munerem in
    aJtari,
    altari, nunquam ea
    ca nec
    ne<: antea,
    30nec post benedicunt,
    benedieunt, n isi tantum eum
    cum se existimant
    existrnant eonsecrare,
    consecrare, quasi
    qua.si
    benedietionem eonsecrationi
    benedictionem
    consecrationi necessariam
    necessaram existimantcs.
    existrnantes. Propter quod
    et ha.nc
    hane benedictonem
    benedictionem,, quam Dionysius et MaxUnus
    Maxmus ante verba Domini
    fadendam
    facendam eensent,
    censent, praetenittunt
    praetennittunt nostri, non
    recte quidem faeientes.
    fa.cientes.
    Quod si turoc
    tune benedicere decet, ut hi doctores sentiunt, immo vero
    veTO ut

    35 Dominus ttadidit,
    tadidit, procul dubio tunc
    tune prolatis Domini verbis credendum
    est
    cst fieri eonse<.:rationern.
    cosrationem. Subdit deinde Dionysius, quod postulans
    hierareha, ut dignus fiat
    hierarcha,
    fat hac
    hae eonsecratione
    consecratione et ad similitudinem Christi
    haec divina
    divna perfciat
    perfieiat e t caste distribuat, participaturosque, prout sa.cros
    saeros
    decet, participet,
    partidpet, cansecrat
    conseerat divinissima. Ex
    quibus ma.nifestissime
    manifestissime
    4Oapparet, quod haec verba eonsecrare
    consecra,re atque perficere
    perfieere per synecdochen
    ad ea, quae sequuntur, accipi
    aeeipi debent, id est ad castam distrJbutionem
    distributionem

    ,.

    68

    BESSARIONIS

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    DE SACRAMENTO EUCHARISTlAE.
    EUCHARISTIAE.

    G.

    et dignam participationem. quae omnia


    omna post consecrationem rnysteru
    rnysterii
    precari ac petere solemus. Quod facile est intellegere. si quis missas
    a Iacobo. Basilio
    Basilo et Chrysostomo
    Chtysostomo editas diligenter
    dIgenter animadvertat.
    anmadvertat .
    Tunc enim supplices oramus, ut digne communicare et caeteris distrilistri:;5 buere OSSimUs.
    possimUs. Quamobrem quae subiunguntur verba consecrare ac
    divina conficere aut per synecdochen aut per hysterologiam dicuntur,
    ve1 forte, quod supra dictum est, manifestiorem invocationem, qu.ae
    quae
    Salvatoris
    SaIvatoris verbis non
    ita aperte continebatur, significans.
    habut, quae de eucharistiae
    Haec habui,
    eucharistae sacramento, sicuti ab initio
    pollici-16.
    pollici- 16.
    10 tus fueram, in praesentia dissererem. Ubi ita, ni
    fallor, adversantium
    adversantiurn
    mtiones
    rationes atque argumenta solvi, ut nulla posthac frustra et inaniter
    contendendi reIicta
    relicta occasio videretur. Modo omnes meminerint, quam
    manifesta quamque extra omnern
    oronem contentionem
    contetionem sint sanctorum testirnonia.
    monia. quibus ostenditur verba Dommi
    Domini esse, quae sacrum eucharistiae
    15 mysterium integre periCiunt,
    perliciunt, ac idcirco caetera quidem omnia
    oa verba
    ad haec, haec vero
    ero ad alia minime
    mnime ~
    e~e trahenda. His
    ! praeterea maxime
    omnium esse credendum, tum
    turn quia unanim.es
    unanimes et unius sententiae
    sententae omnes
    sunt sive
    sie orientaJes
    orientales sive occidui. tum
    turn quod ita clare
    c1are ac manifeste de
    hac ce
    re loquuntur, ut nulla omnino
    omnno dubitatio supersit tibi.
    tib.
    Quae ex
    20 adverso dicuntur, ita obscura et quibusd.am
    quibusdam quasi tenebris
    tenebrS involuta
    sunt, ut plures
    plores variasque et vix extricabiles recipiant expositiones.
    Clarioribus
    Ca.riorbus autem ad eorum, quae obscuriora sunt, cognitionem utendum
    esse eruditi omneset
    omeset putant et iubent. Quae cum ita sint, ad extremum
    eos, in quorum
    quonm manus haec forte pervenerint , hortamur atque obsecra25 mus, ut onmi
    n reiecta contentione studio dumtaxat inveniendae veritatis
    haec legentes ad ipsam veritatem accedant, inventam suscipiant,
    susceptamque caeteris patefaciant. Valeant autem hi omnes, qui
    rationis callem minime sequentes, cum contentione ac saepe etiam
    etam
    iurgs et contumeliis,
    iurgils
    cotumeliis, quidquid eis in
    n mentem
    mentern vel
    potus
    potius buccam
    euctare atque evomere non
    erubescant.
    eubescant .
    3Ovenerit, nemini arentes,
    parentes, eTUctare

    BESSARIONIS CARDINALIS
    IN
    ILLUD EVANGELII:
    SIe
    SIC EUM VOLO MANERE, QUID AD
    TE?
    ?
    Die alte Streitfrage um die angefhrte
    angefhte Stelle der Vulgata, ob sie
    wie allgemein berliefert
    ibelefert sie
    sic eum volo
    10 manere, oder
    ode mit dem grie.
    gie.
    chSChen U ... IXUTO'
    r:uTlJ\l" &I;)'w
    &i h
    l manere zu verbessern
    vebessern
    ehischen
    ~tW... in si eum volo
    sei, hatte auch in
    Bessarions Akademie zu Rom Gelegenheit zu
    lebhafter Errterung
    rrtenng gegeben. Ausgangspunkt war eine
    bis heu~e noch
    nicht wieder aufgetauchte Schrift
    Schft des Georgios Trapezuntios,
    Tapezuntios, die etwa
    aus den Jahren :':453
    ~453 /54 stammte1. Auf sie ging der griechische
    gechsche Kardinal wahrscheinlich bald nach seiner
    seine Rckkehr
    Rickkehr von
    seiner Legation
    ;n
    ; Bologna
    BoIogna (:r455)
    (455) mit der vorliegenden Abhandlung ein.
    . Bisher
    Bishe war
    diese nur
    in
    einer lateinischen Obersetzung
    bersetzung bekannt , die bei Migne P
    .
    gr. :r6z,
    6, 623-640 zuganglich
    zugnglich ist. Nachdem ich den griechischen Text
    erstmals in
    erstma1s
    jn der Rmischen
    Romischen Quartalschrift 4z
    4 (Z933),
    (933), y&)-z06
    &)-:%06 herausheaus
    gegeben habE:,
    hab:, biete ich ihn hier nochmals mit Verbesserungen.
    Verbessenngen . Einzige
    Vorlage ist der schon oben S. zerwhnte
    envahnte Cod.
    Cl . Marc.
    Mare. gr. 527, Fol.
    Fo!.
    Y60---z74
    60---74 v. Die Bedeutung der Tex~kritik Bessarions erhellt daraus,
    da
    daB diese
    dese Schrift
    Schft Lorenzo Val1a
    Valla die Anregung
    Anegung zur Abfassung seiner
    Adnotationes zum Neuen Testament gegeben hat'.
    hat J
    1 Nicht
    Ni<:.ht zu
    ~u "et'Wecll$eln
    &Wecl$eln mit
    mt der
    d .. r ..
    ebendOilhin
    bendOilhin zielenden
    zi..Jen!.en splltercn
    5pll.tercn Schrift d .... Georgios
    Trapezuntio8 bei Migne, P.
    . gr. 161.
    ~61. 86;7-882.
    I Zum Ganzen
    Ga.nzen "gI.
    gl. L. Mohler.
    Mohle Kardinal
    a.Ml Bessa.rion
    Bessarion als
    Theologe, Humanist
    Humanst und
    Staatsmann.
    Sta.a.tnann. I Paderbom I923.
    923. S. 399---40-4399---4-4-

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    9 Nicolai Card.
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    IN
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    SIC EUM
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    8 Hier., Adv,
    . !ovioiaoum
    Joviaiaaum I

    ~6 ( L,
    PL ~ l, ~46) .,

    BESSARlONIS NICAENI
    BESSARI0NIS
    Libellus
    QUOD NATURA CONSULTO AGAT.
    Die hier erstma1s
    erstmals verffentlichte
    erffentlchte kleine Schrift
    Schft enthilt
    enthlt skizzenskzzen
    haft die in
    dem nachfolgenden Werk .. De natura et arte" entwickelten
    Gedanken. Da Georgios
    Georgos Trapezuntios hinter ihr
    ihc Theodoros Gazes als
    a1s
    Verfasser vennutete, wurde sie von
    den Abschreibem
    Abschreibern ohne weiteres
    diesem zugeschrieben. Auch Leo
    diesern
    Lee Allatius hat diesen Irrtum in seine
    Abhandlung ..De Theodoris" ibemommen
    bernommen (abgedruckt bei Migne
    Abhand1ung
    PG 161, 971 sqq.), und von
    da 1st
    ist er weitergegangen bis z.u
    :. Fabricius
    und Spteren.
    SpitereII. Die Abfassung durch Bessarion ergibt sich aus dessen
    "De natura et arte", in
    der er ausdrcklich
    ausdrcklich auf diese frhere
    frhere Schrift
    1 1m
    und die oaheren
    nheren Zusammenhilnge
    Zusammenhinge hinweist
    hinweistl.
    Im Cod. Barberinus gr. 84
    hat denn auch eine spatere
    sptere Hand Bessarion ausdriicklich
    ausdrcklich als
    a1s Verfasser
    anstatt Theodoros hezeChnet.
    fo 155

    bezeichnet. Ambr. D 118


    II8 bemerkt fot
    ISS in
    marg.: Ferrarius putat non
    esse Gazae, sed Bessarionis
    BessarionS ... de qua
    Bessarion in libro suo addito. Die oben gesetzte lateinische ttberschrift
    berschrift
    stammt von
    spterer
    spiterer Hand im Barb. gr. 84.
    Die Schrift ist in
    folgenden Handschriften iberliefert:
    berliefert:
    a) Rom, Cod. Vat.
    Val. gr. IQ98,
    l, fol.
    {. ~n5-216"
    ~U5-2I6" = B.
    .
    b) Rom, Cod. Barb. gr. 84, fol.
    l. 139-14zr
    139-142r = C.
    c) Rom.
    Rom, Bibl.
    BibI. Vallicellana Cod. gr. 189 (C VIII),
    VI), Nr.12.
    Nt. 12.
    Maland, Bibl.
    Bibi. Ambr. D n8
    8 info
    .
    d) Mailand,
    e) Mailand, Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr. M
    41 sup.
    {)
    f) Paris, Bib1.
    BibI. nato
    nat. Cod. gr. 817, fol.
    l. 207-208".
    207.-208".
    Sie sind durchweg sptere
    spi.tere Abschriften mit vielen Willkrlichkeiten
    Willkirlichkeiten un.d
    und
    Fehlern. Die AIlgabe
    Angabe eines Cod. Barb. gr. 399 bei L.Stein,
    L. Stein, Der Humanist Theodor Gaza als
    II 526 H.)
    aJs Philosoph (Archiv f,
    f. Gesch. d. Phil. 11
    )
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    i.ltere Signatur
    Sgnatur des oben genannten C. Zum Ganzen vgl.
    ' A.
    . Gercke, Theodoros Gazes. Festschrift. Greifswald 1903, S.39
    5.39 Uu .. S.
    5.41
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    6 ArJ.t.
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    , L. MohIer,
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    '27.

    V _ Cod. Marc.
    Mare. gr. 198.
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    BUSlrlonl.
    "l.
    Cardinalis Sabini, Patriarehae Constantinopolitani
    Pe
    De natur.
    natra et arte

    Adversus Georgium Trapezuntium Cretensem liber.


    Caput I.
    .
    Cum Aristote1es phlosophus
    philosophus in secundo
    seundo libro eius operis, quod 1,
    de rebus naturalibus scripsit,
    scpst, naturam quidem statuisset
    statusset ornnia
    omnia alieuius
    alicuius
    rei gratia
    grata facere,
    faeere, verumtamen
    verumtarnen nihil consu1t9
    consult9 agere, quemadmodum ars
    quoque licet
    lieet sine consilio agat, omnia tamen
    tarnen alicuius rei gratia {adt.
    facit.
    ]0 Plethon CQostantinopolitanus, vir nostra aetate opinionurn
    10
    Platonis
    aemulus atque defensor, hane
    c Aristotelis
    Arstofelis sententiam improbandaIl\
    inprobandaIl\
    longe refellendamque existimavit et
    10nge
    tam
    tarn artem
    artern quam
    quarn naturam esseruit
    asseruit
    secundum Platonicorum opinionem.
    consulto agere. Cui
    . quae faciunt,
    c, consu1to
    Cu
    sententiae repugnans Theodorus Thessalonicensis, familiaris noster,
    ]5talibus quibusdam argumentis usus est. Consultationem enim earum
    15talibus
    rerum (ue
    C9Ee dicebat,
    rueebat, de quibus nullam cognitionem aut certitudinem
    certitudinern
    habemus, an
    ad eum, quem constituimus
    constifumus finern
    finem , conducant. At
    naturae
    atque artis
    ut cognitus certusque finis est, sic ea, quae ad finem
    spectant,
    spec::tant,
    cognita ac
    :: certa esse. Quapropter n.eque
    neque artem
    artern neque naturarn
    naturam con2Osilio agere. Ad haec cum
    curn agendi faciendique operatio non
    parum inter
    se differant.
    difterant. fadendi
    faciendi quidem officium
    offcium arti tribui,
    tbui, agendi vero prudentiae.
    Solere eutern
    autem non, quid faciamus, sed quid agamus. oonsultari.
    oonsu1ta. Ideoque
    consilium non
    artis esse. hoc:
    hoc est habitus cum ratione factivi, sed prudentiae,
    tae, id est habitus cum ratione activi.
    ac::tivi.
    .
    25
    Admirari
    dmira praeterea se idem Theodorus dic::ebat
    dicebat Plethonem existi-.
    masse
    rnasse paucis quibusdam verbis et quasi unica
    unca positone
    positione recipi suam
    sententiam posse. tot alioquin
    aloquin Aristotelis rationibus adversam, quae
    .f.4M1atio
    4r"Ho "'04~
    "'il"-;~ .f.14i_
    14_ : Huc
    HHc d.
    de arte atqll..
    atqll.e :ahra
    _hin diapll.u.tio teiUDCt&
    ew:ta fIIt
    et
    ab opeI. 'luod
    quod ~venus ca.lomniatOTe!ll
    ca.llI.mniatrem Platoois
    odh ut.
    auct"e mult'Du1t.
    Platonis edihlln
    Nt. et &b
    ab aw:tote
    3O&DIUs,
    3O&DUs, anteq_DI
    antequam Ubri
    Ibri isti Krlberentur.
    Kriberentur, edlta.
    . Verurntamen
    Verumt&.n 'lnia.
    qnia. ad
    &d 1It:nuPque
    atr1uPque philolOphum.
    ophUDl. Platonem Kilii:.t
    KUii:et atque ArlstowI81II.,
    Arlstotelem, ba~
    baee qu.-clo
    qu.&88t1o poatDet,
    po.tiDet, non
    n a10e
    a100 ratione
    b.aec In calce
    b.&ec
    ca1ce Operil
    operis poedOM
    poneDdlm auctor exmt.ianavit,
    xit.in&it, UI
    i qao mu1t&
    multII. de
    d. -utri1llllluo
    -uttaque philoIOphi
    ophl opinionibUi
    opinionibu tractabaDtur.
    tr&ctabtur.
    Opas enim <1efenIionii
    1etenon 'luinque
    qvi.nqu. Ubm
    Ibri8 dividitur.
    divid.itur.
    QlU.ttuor
    QlI.&ttU()l' primi Platonem
    P1atonem hlentar.
    hentar. Quinhll
    O.h boc dumtuat
    du.tuat oltendlt
    ot.ndJt IIOB
    pot
    potniTU
    .. i77I adver&der36
    Kripm
    arim d.
    de eo philoopho
    philolopho iudiCiUDl
    iudicium terno.
    .rn. quom miaimo
    inteUexit.
    intoUexit. Vltimua
    tU:1l8 est.
    et. de
    da
    qao
    q1lo prime
    pnttimo 4ium
    4iuDI ..t.

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    DE NTR
    NATURA ET
    ARTE.

    95

    oontrarium plane confinnant atque pe1Suadent. Et


    Si
    si quid a nobis
    plenus
    plenius ea de re eum
    cum a1iqua
    aliqua vi
    demonstrationis
    demonstratois diei
    dci posset, Jibenter
    se auditurum ostendebat, utque id, nisi
    S molestum
    molesturn esset, fa.ceremus,
    rogabat vehementer. Huie
    c nos eum
    cum morem gerere et, quantum in
    IS nobis esset, gratificari
    gratifica.ri studeremus, taIia
    tal18 quaedam e.x scriptis Platonis
    Platois
    brevi libello
    Jibello complexi sumus.
    Caput 11.
    Naturam alicuius
    alieuius rei gratia omnia agere et Aristoteles tradit et 2,1
    2,
    ventat! consentaneum est. Neque enim
    veritati
    enirn dicendum esset idcirco
    idcireo eam
    10
    JO non
    alicuius gratia agere, quod sine consilio agat, quippe
    quipe ars quoque,
    etsi absque consilio, omnia tamen
    tarnen alicuius
    alieuius gratia agit. Quod autem
    sine eonsilio
    consilio agat, illud argumento est, quod, si ars in ligno
    !go esset, nullo
    consilio uteretuf.
    uteretur. Atqui Plato et qui eum secuti
    seeuti sunt phlosophi
    philosophi omnes.
    nihil
    hl in
    prima parte ab Aristote1e discrepantes, naturam similiter ponunt
    11S alicuius
    alieuius rei gratia omnia facen,
    facere, in secunda vero parte ab Aristotele
    Aristote1e
    dissentiunt,
    dssentiunt, nihil
    Jlhl eam sine consilio facere
    faeere asseverantes. Nam etsi per
    se ipsam
    p!i8I minime natura aut consulat quicquam
    quicquarn aut deIiberet,
    deliberet, intellectus
    tarnen uJliversus,
    tamen
    universus, qui rebus omnibus ex natura nascentibus
    nasc.:entibus insistit
    naturamque ipsam ad finem
    finern dirigit, consilio praeditus est. Neque
    20 enim naturam Plato existimat pmam
    primarn rerum causam esse, sed esse
    eausam
    causam aliam ceDSet
    ceset natura priorem IOJlgeque
    Iongeque nobiliorem, quae ratlone
    ratone
    et consHio
    consilio omnia agat, ad finemque
    finernque perducat, siquidem in
    se ipsa finis
    quoque eontinet
    continet rationem. Tendit sane aliquid
    Qlquid ad finem
    finern duobus modis
    aut propria operatione aut aliena;
    aliena ; propria !
    ut homo et reIiqua, quae
    2IS ra tione pollent, aliena sicut
    sieut ea, quae ad finem
    finern aliunde moventuf,
    quemadmodum a sagittario
    sa&ittario sagitta
    sagtta dirigitur
    dirigtur et omnino res
    r es inanimatae
    ab aliquo, quod rationis particeps sit, moventur ad linern,
    Iinem, eum
    cum ipsae
    nulla sua facuItate
    nuUa
    facultate moveri queant, sed a1iunde
    aliunde id beneficium
    benefieium nanci
    nanei
    SC&I1tur.
    scantur. Quo in
    genere natura posita est, quippe quae causa est instru30 mentalis
    mentals et ita moveri solet, ut mens suo consilio rationeque permoverit.
    permovent.
    Quo quidem in
    loco maxima meo
    rneo iudicio
    iudieio inter Platonem et Aristote-t
    Aristote-!
    lern differentia est. Hinc
    lem
    c enim
    enirn perdifficilis illa et perobscura de ideis
    quaestio oritur. Nec vero naturam solum, sed etiam
    etiarn artem
    artern Platonici
    PIatonci
    ponunt consilium praecedere, quippe artificern
    artificem sibi finem
    finern proponere et,
    3/)
    3r> quae ad illum ducant, investigare. Cum autem
    autern plura ac diversa sint,
    quae ad finem
    finern perducunt, oportere artificem, quid eelerius
    celerius me1iusque
    me1usque
    dscemere. Hoc
    H oc vero iure consilium appellari.
    appe11ar.
    eo perducat, cogitare atque disc.:emere.
    Narn eum
    Nam
    cum pleraque occurrant artifici minus
    !! consueta, quorum quodlibet ad propositum finem
    finern perducere potest, consilium capiat oportet,
    .a
    . quid rectius operi quove modo accommodetur. Nec ideo existimandum
    est nullum posse in arte consilium esse, quia factivus
    faetivus potius quam activus habitus est. Neque enim actio a faciendo differt con
    consili
    sil ratione,

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    SlNOI1IYSS3.0

    96

    97

    DE
    NATURA ET
    ARTE.

    sed eo quod in
    faciendo praeter factionem
    faetionem ipsam
    psam opus aliquod relinreln
    quitur,
    U, utputa domus aut aliquid huiusmodi et quidem ip$a faciendi
    faciend
    opaatione
    opao praestantius. In
    agendo
    agenda autem
    autern nihil
    nhI tale relinqui solet, sed
    ipsa agendi operatio finis est, atque ob eam
    earn rem quemadmodum opus
    11 artis artificis
    artficis sui
    s ui habitu nobilius
    nobillus est, sic
    sie ~
    i~ actio
    aetio habitu, ex quo profluit, nobilior habetur. Ita maius inter haec discrimen asserunt OM.
    ori.
    Certa autem
    autern esse et cognita, quae ad artis
    artS finern
    foem pertinent, ex I
    Platane quoque percipi
    Platone
    perdpi potest. Sed non
    parum interest,
    oterest, quonam modo
    rnodo
    cognita
    cogn.ta ac certa habea.ntur, siquidem et genere CQgnita esse possunt
    10et
    JOd specie. Quae autem
    autern cognita genere suot,
    sunt, eadem
    ut specie incognita
    incognta
    sint,
    , lieri
    e posse intelligi potest. Quodsi genere cognita capiamus, non

    oportet artificem
    artiticern quicquam
    quiequam quaerere aut eonsultarE'.
    consultarE'. Novit quippe, si

    medieus
    medcus est,
    est , contraria curanda esse CQotra.rils.
    CQntrarils. At
    si
    specie ignorantur
    et ratio eorum
    eorurn particu1ars
    partieularis anceps
    aneeps ac dubia
    duba est, tum
    turn eonsultandum
    consu1tandum
    n
    l' quaerendumque est, quid facto opus sit,
    , quid magis
    magS expediat, quae
    frigidior medicina
    medieina calidiori aegritudini
    aegritudni magis CQnveniat, quo genere
    purgationis aegroti
    purga.tionis
    aegrot corpus purgandum 1Oit,
    sit, quo tempore, qua hora,
    quatenus oporteat purgare. Haec rusi
    nlsi medieus
    medcus ingenio, consi1io
    consilio prudentiaque compererit, frustra
    fru10tra norit
    eontraria
    contraria CQntrariis
    CQntra.ris eurari
    curari opartere
    oportere
    20 aut vitiosum humorem
    humorern imprimis
    impmis evacuandum
    evaeuandum esse.
    Item eum
    cum an,
    a' quemadmodum manifeste Aristote!es
    AStote!e1O tradit, 10it
    sit'I
    habitus euro
    cum vera ratione
    raHone factivus
    faetivus in
    rebus, quae possunt aliter se
    habete - eisdem autem in
    rebus,
    ut idem philosophus censet consultatin etiam cogitatioque habetur - , sequitur sane, ,
    tio
    ut, sive prudenta
    prudentia
    25 aliquid aga.s
    agas seu arte facias, con1Oilium
    consilium adhibendum 10it
    sit et, quid utilius
    ae melius sit, quaerendum quaerendo, inveniendum inveniendo, agenac
    dum seu faciendum
    faciendum.. Quippe
    Quppe ante inventionem esse inquisitionem
    oportet, deinde
    dende consilium. lncognita
    Incognita enim
    m quaerendo atque inveniendo
    cngJloscimus.
    cngroscmus. Inveniri autem
    autern quicquam,
    quiequam, nisi consilium raecesset,
    praecesserit, non

    30 potest. Atqui
    ut in agendo minus dnbitare
    dubitare in his rebus so1emus,
    solemus, in

    quibus 1Oaepenumero
    voIuntate
    saepenumero officio functi
    funeti ex
    voluntate egerimus - 10i
    si quid
    autem novi
    occurnt, ambigimus
    ambgimus et, quid agendum sit, quaerimus
    quaemus atque
    consulimus - , sic
    consulimu1o
    sie in faciendo, quod genus operationis tribuimus
    tbumus arti,
    <,
    ea quae eommuniora et 10ngo
    longo usu praecepta sunt, eertiora
    certiora habentur
    3I\nec egent consilio.
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    n partCuLarem
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    haec
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    Nec Aristoteles
    Arstoteles quidem ve11e
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    quaslibet artes non eonsultare,'
    consultare,
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    certiora sunt,
    40 quasi velit significare non
    no de omnibus artibus idem babendum esse
    iudicium,
    iudcium, sed existimandum
    existmandum alias quidem consilio
    co1 uti, alias vero
    ro non

    ud. Ita enim


    ut!.
    in
    tertio libro de moribus inquit: .ln
    .}n diligendbus
    dligentibus ac
    ae
    suffieientibus scients
    sufficientibus
    scientis consilium non est, utputa in
    scribendis litteris
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    98

    BESSARIONI$

    $lNQHlV$$3R

    99

    DE NATR
    NATURA ET
    ARTE.

    nulla nobis dubitatio occurrit, quemadmodom


    quemadmodum sit scribendum.
    seribendum. In
    iis
    s
    vero,
    , quae nostra opera elfid
    e!fci $Olent
    solent nec semper eodem modo contingunt,
    consultarnus, ot
    consultamus,
    ut de rebus ad medicinam
    rnedicinam spectantibus,
    spectantbus, de pecuniais,
    pecuniarus,
    de nava1ibus
    navalibus magis
    rnagis quam de gymD3!ltic~,
    gymnastic~, quo seilicet
    sclicet minus
    mnus iUarum
    illarum
    6ratio
    bratjo certa est, et de reliquis similiter.
    simliter. Magis autem et in
    artibus quam
    in
    scientiis.
    seientiis, siquidem in
    his magis dubitamus..
    d'Ubitamus.I Sic Aristoteles cadere
    artern consilium non
    negat, sl
    si ea, de qua agitur,
    in artem
    negat.
    agtur. minus
    mnus certa res
    est.
    61Ot. Quodsi nulla
    nuUa ars est, quae subiectum usqueadeo certum habeat,
    ut nihil in
    ea anceps ac dubium sit, quod tandem peccatum est, si
    10 quis Dullam
    nullam artem
    artern carere consilio
    conslio dicat et quarnquam non
    aeque omnes,
    aliam
    a1am tamen
    tarnen magis, aliam
    a1am minus consultare arbitretur?
    Equidem
    Aristotelem ne
    hac quidem in
    re dissentire a praeceptore suo Platone
    Platane
    existimo. Sed quod ab eo
    dictum est
    e:;t non
    uti
    ud consilio, ita intelligendum
    arbitror, quasi minus uti consilio dixisset.
    dxsset. Minus enim in
    r consilium ea
    ea.
    15
    15cadurt,
    cadunt, quae sive natura sua, sive usu certiora habentur.
    Quodsi qui contentionis
    cortentonis cupidiores quam veritatis instare pertperti-"5
    nadus volut.rint
    nacius
    volue.rint eam fuisse Aristotelis sententiam, ut artem nihil
    nhil conslio agere existimandum
    existimaTldum sit, sciant se rationibus nostris convictos
    silio
    simu1 et Plethoni cedere oportere
    simul
    opo:tere et argumentum ilJud
    iIlud Aristotelis
    AStotelis
    20debilitare prorsus atque infringere, quo naturam a.sseruit
    asseruit alicuius
    gratia agere. Ita enirn
    m ille adversus eos argumentatur, qui idcirco
    naturam alicuius gratia
    g:atia agere negarunt, quod sine consilio
    agat. Exemplo
    namque artis ostendere nititur naturam, tametsi absque consilio agat.
    agat,
    non
    tamen
    tarnen propterea existimandum nullius
    s causa agere, quando ne

    25 ars quidem oonsilio


    consilio fadt,
    facit, et
    tamen alicuius
    alcuius causa eam facere mani!estum
    lestum est.
    Quodsi hac una ratione ab Aristotele ostenditur consilio naturam 1
    carere, satis qui artis
    a:ts consilium explicaverit, omnem illius
    !! rationem
    inlringet.
    In!ringet. Itaque perstabit eorum sententia, qui, nisi consilium adsit, nihil
    nihj
    30 alicuius causa agi censent affirmandum. Naturae igiturconsilium
    gi.turconsilium unver
    universae mentis
    ments consilium
    conslium est. Quippe ratio, quae apud morta1es
    mortales ex
    diligenti
    dligenti
    rerum inquisitione consilii nomen accepit, apud mel1tem
    mentem illam universam naturae principem certior est, quam ut quaeri et dubitari possit.
    Verumtamen oonsilii,
    consilii, cogitationis, providentiae, curae, operae et aIia
    3ti
    3t huiusmodi nomina mutuata est, rationi cognata
    oognata et quaestionem de
    patius quam de re
    nomine
    :e patitur.
    Quamobr~m ut summat.im obiectis
    Quambr;,m
    obectis rationibus
    ratio:nbus respolldeamus,
    respondeamus, con-'
    oon-'
    silium
    slium duplex esse didmus:
    dicimus: humanum alterum, cui res dtibiae
    dobiae subiiciun
    subciun
    tur, alterum divinum, cui nihil nisi certum exploratumque subiectum
    .toest. Hoc
    oc ad theologiam pertinet, illnd ad philosophum, qui eam
    philosophiae partem.
    partern sectatur, quae de moribus est. Uterque autem
    in genere suo id
    proprie nominat usurparique aequivoce ab altero
    a1tero arbitratur. Ea est enim
    disciplinarum omnium lex de :nominibu.s,
    nominibus, ut eisdem

    ,.

    100

    BESSARIONIS

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    ac

    DE NATURA
    ET
    ARTE.

    1.1
    101

    non
    eaedem vario modo utantur, et in suo quaequegenere quasi quodam

    privilegio recte ac
    ae proprie nominare
    nomnare videatur. Unaquaeque vero ars
    partm
    partim cognita certaque habet, quae fini accommodat,
    aecommodat, partim dubia
    duba
    et decernenda consilio.
    co. Naturam autem consultare non
    sua facultate
    faeultate
    5 dicimus, sed universae mentis,
    ments, quae rebus naturae omnibus inslstat
    insstat et
    suo divino consilio providentiaque gubemet. Ita
    Ha fit, ut et ars consilio
    consilo
    proprie utatur et natura non
    temere
    ternere rationem suae mentis exquisitissiexquisitssi
    mam
    nam consiIii
    co nomine probet appellari.
    Haec tum
    turn ad TheOOorum
    Thedorum breviter perscripsimus. Quae ubi Georgius'
    10Trapezuntius
    lOTrapezuntius Cretensis leg:it.
    legit, ut odium, quod in
    nos
    5 iam diu, hoc est
    ab eo tempore, quo ei
    Theodorum in
    doctrina
    doetrina praeponendum eensuiml:s,
    censum:s,
    parturierat, aliquando pareret.
    pareret, adversus ea scripsit. Sed ut velJe pet'sonae n05trae
    nostrae parcere
    pareere videretur nQ!;que
    n;que honestius impeteret,
    mpeteret, finxit se
    ignorare, quisnam
    quSnam eius
    libem
    auctor
    auetor esset, et Theodori, Don
    Bessarionis
    BessaonS
    15disputationem haJJc
    hane esse, seque Theodoro eontradicere
    contradicere simu1avit.
    simulavit.
    Ostendit praeterea Athanasium fuisse, qui haec scripta ei tradiderat,
    tradderat,
    eurn tamen
    cum
    tarnen Hesaias, non
    Athanasius fu isset.
    Solus
    501us enim Hesaias ea
    scripta a nobis habuerat. Hic tamen,
    tarnen, quasi nostra interesset, a quo
    ea accepisset, epistolam
    s scripsit, qua oblatum
    epistolarn ad nos
    oblaturn sibi ab Athanasio
    20 {uisse
    fuisse opusculum significavit.
    signficavit. Equidem neue,
    n~ue, a quo datum sit, requiro
    neque latere,
    tatere, quae scripsi,
    . eupio.
    cupio. Quin potius nihil
    nihl tantopere desidero.
    desidero,
    quam ut prmo
    prima nihil nisi recte et loquar et
    sentiam, tum
    turn si
    quid erro
    - homo enim sum nec innocentiam cum
    eum deo immortali communem
    oornrnunem
    habeo - , errOT
    meus non
    modo
    mod ab homine amico OOgn
    benigne corngatur,
    25sed etiam ab inimico,
    inimieo, qualem se Georgius
    Georgus sua certe, non
    mea eulpa
    cuJpa
    constituit.
    oon5tituit. Dummodo enim
    m fructum,
    fruetum, quem eupio,
    cupio, percipiam, nihiI
    niliil mea
    interesse
    iJJteresse existimo, amieusne
    amicusne an
    al1 inimicus sit, qui me
    m emendat et
    corrigH.
    oorrigit.
    Et quidem Georgio nunc
    nune magnas agerem gratias, si
    n05tra
    nostra arguens
    scripta, ipse
    diceret, ex quo fruetum
    pse aliquid recte diceret.
    fructum eapere
    capere aliquem
    3Opossem. Perlibenter enim eos
    s audio, qui melius
    melus quam ego inte1ligunt,
    talesque esse plerosque non
    diffiteor.
    diffteor. Verum hic certe non
    ratione
    aliqua, sed iniqua animi perturbatone
    a1iqua,
    perturbatione commotus
    oommotus ita docet ac disputat.
    dsputat.
    ut si
    5 se ipsum posset intelligere. puderet profecto hominem ac suo

    ipsius iudicio
    condemnatus discederet.

    "

    Caput lII.
    Ur.
    I am vero
    quid scribat, quove modo reprehendat et disputet,3,l
    disputet,3,
    1am
    quaeso panmper
    panunper audite .
    Petiisti a me, inquit, amice Hesaia. ut breviter ad te scriberem,
    scriberem.
    <\~() '%()
    '%~() \\),'G't\
    \\).'G't\ I\..m.~
    I\ms'~'u.m Jo..ro,\.<.'I\'G\'GTh
    J>..ro.\.<.'l\'G\'GTh ~'!;\.\, '\lm
    'Um <:.On\'t.'~.~\.<:R;:
    crln\'t.a~\<:R.l: ........\.~

    40ipsi
    40 videtur.
    vdetur. Cum enim
    in libro, quem de ~ebus naturn1\b~s
    naturabb~s scn.psIt.
    scn.pslt.
    artem negasset consilio agere,
    agere. quae facit, alibi
    aJbl eandem asseruIt
    asserult habltum

    102

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSRIONIS

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    29 Ari.t.
    Ariu. De Anima
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    05. 430.,
    43". 2)-25.
    23-25 .

    DE NA'I1JRA
    N'!R ET
    ARTE.

    103

    esse cum ratione


    ntione factivum. Addidisti
    Addidist etiam te plenque
    pleraque alia audivisse
    audiisse
    ab aliis, quibus tam
    tarn artem quam naturam consultare existimas, quod
    scilicet natura et ars alicuius gratia agere solent. Quae vero
    sc.ilicet
    veTO alicuius
    gratia
    agunt, cogitatione rationeque agant, oportet. Quo in
    genere
    {iconsilium contineri
    :ontineri certum est. Haec et alia huiusmodi ilIi
    .. Ego vero
    sapientiam illorum h ominum admiror, quos
    quas nescio an philosophos
    potius quam philotenebras appellare debeam. Proponere enim debebant,
    quid sibi consultare, et de quibus
    quibu$ consilium
    oonsilium habeatur, quidve differat
    araHone
    a ratone et fine , cuius causa agitur. NOD
    Non enim o mne, quod ali
    allocuius
    IOCUiUS causa agit, consultat, sed. omne quod consultat,
    oonsutta.t, alicuius causa
    agit. Nec omne, quod ratione fit,
    {, alicuius causa fit. sed omne, quod
    alicuius causa fit , mtione
    ratione fit . Ratio enim non
    solum ad causam
    finalern, sed etiam ad formalem et materialem
    matealem refertur. Itaque amplius
    amplus
    est alicuius ca"sa
    causa Heri
    fe quam consultare , et ratione fieri
    fie quam alicuius
    alieuius
    111 causa fieri.
    fied.
    Recte igitur ratiocinantur naturam agere ratione.
    ratlone. Nam alicuiust
    alicuiuSI
    causa agIt.
    agit. Sed falso ex his colligunt consuitare
    consultare oaturam.
    nat uram. Longe
    autem magis per ignorantiam peccant, eum
    cum Aristotelem sibi ipsi
    !; contradicere arbitrantur. Solet enim Aristoteles
    stteles sic
    sie abuti rebus manifestis,
    20 licetque
    lieetque apud eum contraria eadem de re reperire,
    ut a!rem esse calidum
    caldum
    et rursus frigidum.
    fgidum. Levissimi quippe hominis esset existimare Aristotelern haec simul esse in
    lem
    a!re
    are censuisse. Sed, quod modo dixi, manifestis
    abutitur quasi per suppositionem.
    suppositionern.
    lam tertio libro de aoima,
    anima, euro
    cum intellectum
    intellecturn separabilem esse,
    2/id.ixisset, haec subdit . Sed
    Sed. non
    meminimus,
    memnimus, quoniam hic impassibilis
    est. Passibilis autem iotellectus
    intellectus corruptibilis est, sine quo nihil
    nihl in

    telligit
    telligt .
    .c Contradicere enim
    enm sibi videtur, cum ita
    ;. ad altiora
    aItora reducit
    auditores prudentes et iustos.
    os.
    Quod ita
    ;. esse facile patet. Nam sl
    si
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    intelle<:tu. hoc est phantasia, quo
    quO modo
    nihil intelligit
    30maneat intellectus phantasia subIata?
    sublata? Significat igitur
    igitUf inteIIigere
    intelligere quidem intellectum. quoniam intellectus
    per phantasiam nec
    inteUectus est, sed non
    ne<:
    per exteriora motum aut per ea, quae in
    phantastica memoria
    mema deposita
    sunt, intelligentem,
    Intelligentem, sed modo altiore perfectioreque. Quod ne
    :: intelligere
    quidem dicendum
    diceJldum est nisi aequivoce. Hoc igitur
    g modo in
    physicis
    $quoque locutus est. eum
    Cum enim oaturam
    naturam osteodere
    ostendere vel!et
    vellet non
    no consultare, quamvis alicuius causa faciat, ne
    cui forte indocto mirum videretur
    alieuius causa agere, quod non
    alicuius
    consultat, accepit artem non consuitare.
    consultare.
    Non autem id simpliciter accepIt.
    accepit. Noverat enim artem consultare.
    Quae res eaeco
    caeco quoque, ut aiunt,
    aiuut, manifesta est . Sed si in
    ligno.
    Iigno. inquit,
    .wesset, non consultaret.c
    consultaret . Quamobrem certum est,
    ut eum
    cum in
    ligno non

    sit, consultet. Nam Sl,


    consultare artern asserisi, cum in ligno si!,
    sit, haud eonsultare
    asseri
    mus, sequitur porro, ut, cum in ligno non sit, consultare eam fateamur.
    Illud igitur sumit, non
    hoc,
    boc, et naturam virtuti artificiosae, innatae,

    mp-

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    '04
    IOt

    B.SSARJONIS

    SINOnlYSS3lI

    105

    PE
    NATURA
    NTR ET
    ARTE.

    togna.taeque assimilat, ut si
    tognataeque
    quis cupressum statim
    statin ad lecti figura.m
    figuram
    nasci posuerit.
    Sed nihil aget natura, inquit adversarius, intonsulte, quae alic::uius.
    ali::uius.
    causa
    ca;a agat,
    a.gat, rationeque procedat. 0 hominem caecum, qui videre non

    Gpotest se ab universalioribus ad particu1aria.


    particularia. affirmative
    affinative descendere,
    cum contra facere debeat.
    Non enim,
    enirn, si
    quid anima1
    animal est, hoc iam homo
    est; sed
    se<! si
    quid homo est, hoc anirnal
    animal est. Ratio
    Rato enim et alicuius causa
    aliquid emd
    effici universalius est quam consultare, ut dk:tum
    clietum a nobis
    iam
    am est.
    Quippe alicuius causa
    causa. effid
    effici in
    rebus etiam
    etam peIetuS
    peipetuis est,
    10 ut zodiacus et motus solis obliquus
    oblquus idcirco est, ut generatio et cortuptio
    corruptio
    fiat,
    fat, quemadmodum Aristoteles
    AStoteles testatur. Consultandi autem
    autern ratio
    nullum in
    pe>etui.s
    peq>etuis locum hal>et.
    habet. Est enim
    enn consultatio et consilium
    consiliun
    inquisitio rerum,
    rerurn, de quibus ambigimus.
    3ombigmus. Quamobrem parurn attigisse
    attigsse
    doctrinam dialecticae
    dia1ectcae eos,
    eo, qui ita
    it30 loquuntur, existimo.
    existmo.
    15
    J5
    Sed quamvis, inquiunt, natura
    natum ipsa non
    consultet, tamen
    tarnen guber- a
    natrix
    natx ille mens, quae per omnia
    oma transit, consultat atque deliberat.
    Itaque fit, ut na.tura
    na.tum causa sit tantummodo instrumentalis. Quam
    bene Platonem
    P1atonem sequeris,
    seques, errasque
    easque cum 00, qui ita sentis!
    sentisl Dicas enim
    necesse est mentem
    mentern illam, quae per omnia
    omna transit omnibusque insistit,
    insStit,
    20 aut unam esse aut plures, quamquam
    quarnquam vario fortasse nomine
    nomme ro
    pro variis
    ais
    officiis appelletur, ut Bacchus
    Baeehus in
    vitibus, Ceres in
    frumentis,
    frumentS, Venus
    in coitu
    <:01tu et eetern,
    cetera, quae
    pro dlis
    dUs gentiles coluerunt.
    <:oluerunt. Verumtamen sive
    hoc sive illud dixeris,
    dixeS, quid tandem respondeas, si
    quis
    quS te roget,
    raget, num
    illa per omnia
    ornnia transiens mens idem eurn
    cum natura
    natum ipsa sit,
    , an diversa?
    25 Nam si
    idem sit , naturae
    natura.e nomen tantum habetur, causa vero nu1lo
    nullo
    modo est. Atqui tua quidem sententia eausa
    causa est instrumentalis.
    instrumenta1is. Ergo
    natura diversa
    dversa est a gubernatrice
    gul>ernatrice mente, et tua opinione mentis ipsius
    instrumentum est, quo moventur a mente ea, quae moventur. Quo
    dato erit profecto natura arebus
    a rebus mobilibus separata, quod prorsus
    30 fa1sum
    falsum est. luest
    Inest enim in
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    autem, quo ea, quae moventur ab a1io
    moveantur, non
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    moventur, innatum est. Nam si
    esset innatum, pars substantiae rei,
    quae moveretur, esset, non
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    Ad haec instrumentum
    movet, quod m ovetur. Quod autem ita movet, 30ntequam
    antequam moveatur,
    U
    3 aliquid actu est. Aliquid
    Alquid enim
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    *,1J. 00& A

    SIVSS:;9
    STNOIHYSS38

    901
    90'

    107

    DE NATURA
    NR ET
    ARTE.

    aliquid non
    actu
    aetu substans, sed potentia movetur, ot
    ut album actu
    aetu
    potentia nigrum
    nigmm est, et albi
    alb! motus ad nigrum tendit.
    tendt. Ergo natura
    quoque sl
    si instrumentum
    instrurnenturn est, actu
    aetu aliquid est.
    Quid igitur natura eius erit?
    e? Num compositum
    compos.tum ~ Minime. Hoc est.
    6 enim, quod a natura efficitur et ex natura aut secundum naturam
    est, non
    natura. An
    materia et fonna erit ipsa natura? Sed
    Se<! haec
    actu esse, antequam compositum
    compositurn sit. impossibile
    impossible est. Ergo natura non

    est causa instrumentalis, sed quod in


    rebus ipsis innatum haeret,
    id natura est. Consultare autem hoc non
    potest, eum
    cum semper eodem
    10 modo se habeat. Consilium autem de rebus slt,
    sit, quae in
    nostra sunt
    potestate, nec
    ne<: de perpetuis, sed de contingentibus rebus oonsultetur.
    consultetur.
    Nemo enim de perpetuis et necessariis
    necessariS rebus consiliwn
    oonSlwn eapit.
    capIt. Qui
    autem deum, antequam naturam erearet,
    crearet, consilio usum dicunt, pra.
    pro-{ecto
    fecto impie
    mpie sentiunt et ro
    pro inscitia
    inseitia eorum errant
    ea vehementer, euncta
    cuncta
    15 se scire
    seire arbitrantes, cum nihil
    nihl sciant. Consilium etenim, quemad~
    modurn supra diximus,
    modum
    dixmus, dubitantis est. Deus autem
    autern omnia
    ornnia novit, etiam
    etlarn
    priusquam generentur. Hoc et pietas requirit et ratio probat. Quam
    rationem hoc loco,
    loeo, ne longiores simus, omittirnus.
    omttimus. Sed iam a nobis
    fundamenta istue
    Stuc iacta
    iaeta sunt in
    !ibro
    Iibro de eomparatione
    comparatione philosophorum
    philosophomm
    20secundo, quem latine scriptum
    seriptum edidimus.
    ae philosophare.
    philosophare, et si
    Vale ac
    5 quid contra Platonicos a nobis
    nobS dictum 1
    est, tua eausa
    est.
    causa dictum existima. Te enim
    enm amicum
    amieum non
    patimur Pla~
    tonern admodum
    tonem
    adrnodurn sequi.
    sequi, quam nos
    ! nullo aco
    pacto sequi volumus.
    Caput IV.
    25
    Haec Georgius. Adversus quam hominis rnaledieentiam
    maledicentam potius quam 4,
    disputationem
    dSputatIonem agendum eum
    cum eo epistola non
    eensuimus.
    censuimus. Nultam enim
    familiaritatem
    familaritaten servare amplius cum
    eurn hoc homine patior.
    patior, quem iam aperte
    iniquum
    iniquun in
    amici
    anici officio deprehendi. Decepit me ille longo tempore
    virtutem simulans et fingens erga me benevolentiam. Quod certe eo
    30 facilius facere
    racere potuit. quo maiori Jiducia, pro tide
    tde atque constantia
    morum meomrn
    merum nihiI
    nihil mali
    rnali poteram suspicarI.
    suspicari. Nunc
    Nune hominis frau~
    dulentiam plane expertus caveo et bis per eosdem
    eosdern scopulos
    seopulos na.vigare
    navigare
    recuso, ne iterum naufrngium fadam.
    faciam. Ipse profecto me docuit
    do:uit familiari~
    tatem suam aspemari ac
    ae fugere, et mihi
    mhi iam optimo iure concessum
    :)()
    3{) perm.SSumque
    pennissumque est vitare familiarem inimicum. Sed ne vel
    ver ipse vel
    alii ideo me tacuisse
    tacuSse existiment, quasi vanitatem verborum
    verborurn suorum
    refellere non
    refeUere
    potuerim, dieam
    dicarn quae mihi rei veritas
    etas suggeret, et nisi
    S
    me
    anrnus falIit,
    fallit, ostendarn
    ostendam tum
    turn ea. quae contra sententiam Aristotelis
    roe animus

    1.60ifk...

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    BESSRIONlS

    SINOUIYSS31l

    OE
    NATURA
    NR ET
    RE.
    ARTE.

    109

    dici
    dci existimat, nihil ab illius
    illu! sententia discrepare.
    discrepare, tum
    turn quae pro declaratione suae
    swe opinionis aut sumit aut exponit, non
    euere
    carere summa
    summo errore,
    idque quanto brevius potero faciam, ne pIuribus
    pluribus contendere eum
    cum eo
    videar.
    vd. Dicam autem, quantum res ipsa, de qua quaestio est, eJtigere
    11IS videbitur. Nam
    Narn ad maledicta eius, quibus
    qUbus se ita iactat
    iaetat et effert, non
    nOD
    est animus respondere. Detur hoc ignorantiae
    ignorantae hominis, ut impune
    mpune
    deJabi in maledicta possit.
    passit, eum
    cum disputare de natura
    natum conatur.
    Rationem inquit sese amplius existimare, quam quod alicuius
    alleuius causa'
    agitur, nec omne. quod ratione agitur, alicuius
    alieuius causa agit, tametsi omne,
    10 quod a1icuius
    alicuius causaagitur.
    causa.agtur. idem
    idern
    ut ratione agatur. necesse sit. Haecquidem sententia peculari5
    peculiaris est huius philosophi. Neminem saue tam
    tarn indocturn arbitror aut esse aut umquam fuisse, qui in
    tum
    tantwn
    tantum incidere errorem.
    eorem.
    potuerit. Quis enim ignoret, quicquid ratione agitur, idem alicuius
    alieuius quoque causa agi, quandoquidem ratio ipsa. qua agitur. causa est, propter
    15
    111 quam agitur? Cogitat proIecto
    prolecto et eonsiderat,
    conSderat, qui rem a1iquam
    aliquam agit, an
    bene et recte agat. Boni
    autem
    autern ac
    a.c recti
    reeti ratio finb
    finis agendi est. Cumque
    id agit quispiam, quod bene recteque agere decreverit, ratione agere
    dicitur, siquidem non
    temere, sed fine eonstituto
    constituto ratione
    ratone finis agitur.
    Itaque ratio fine describitur, cuius
    ! causa agitur, et finis ratione,
    radone,'
    ~ qua de causa agitur.
    agtur. Quarnquam quod alleuius
    alcuius causa agitur, non
    no ratione
    solum
    solun humana, sed etiam naturali agi potest. Quod apud Aristotelern
    Aristotelem
    qUO:que libro de rebus naturab'bus
    naturahus secundo scriptum
    scriptn legimus hoc modo:
    .Ea sunt a1icuius causa, quae vel ab intellectu vel a natura
    natum aguntur.t
    Unde si
    natura non
    sine
    sne ratione
    ratone agit,
    agt, duplex ratio
    rato est: a1tera,
    altern, quae
    25
    2lS menti bumanae tribuitur,
    tributur, a1tera.,
    altern., quae ad naturam refertur, eui
    cui ea
    etiam
    etam cognita esse dicimus,
    dieimus, quae nobis obscura sunt. Quarn vim
    im
    rationemque naturae PIato
    Plato natura superiorem
    superorem constituit
    ronstituit et consilium
    consiln
    voluntatemque
    oluntatemque ei attribuit,
    attbut, quatenus haec verba ab intellectu humano
    bumano
    ad divinum
    diVnum fas est transferri. Sensus enim non
    idem est, eum
    cum de
    3Drebus divinis
    dnis loquirnu[',
    loquimu[', quamquam verba.
    verba smt
    sot eadem.
    eadern.
    Ita ille non
    soIum
    naturae
    solum rationem,
    rationern, sed etiam consilium menti
    ment! naturaet
    gubernatrici tribuendum
    tbuendum censet. AristoteIes
    Aristoteles vero etsi naturae consilium
    non
    nominat, rationem tamen
    tarnen expresse ponit. per quam natura optirne
    optime
    nominat.
    omnia ad finem
    finern constituat, agat atque periiciat.
    periieiat. Patet hoc in
    libro de
    36generatione et corruptione secundo, ubi Empedoclis sententiam
    sententam reprehendit.
    bendit. quod litem
    litern et amorem, mistionemque et segregationem na.scennascenHum
    tum rerum causas nominat.
    nomnat. Rationis
    Rations autem nullarn omnino mentionem
    facit . Quid causae sit,
    5it, inquit. ut ex homine homo semper aut magna
    ex parte proveniat, et ex tritico
    ttco triticum,
    ttcn. non
    oIea,
    olea, vel etiam, ut si
    5
    22 ori
    ; bei.>
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    "1.""

    DE: NATURA
    NR J::T
    ARTE.

    111

    hoc modo componatur, 05


    OS fiat .
    Non enim quomooolibet facto congressu,
    ut ille inquit, sed ratione aliqua ita agitur. Quid igitur causae sit ?7
    Neque enim ignis aut terra, nec vero amor
    am>r et lis.
    Hs. Alterum
    A1terum quippe homm
    hon.m
    comrniscendi,
    commis::endi, alterum
    a1terum segregandi causam obtinet. Quod autem
    autern quaeri~mus, tei
    rei cuiusque substantia est, non
    mistio et segregatio,
    segregato,
    ut ille existimat. Fortunam siquidem
    siquidern in
    his nominamus, non rationem.
    rationern. Fieri
    enim potest, ut casu lortunaque pennistio fiat. Naturae aut rerum
    causa est ita se habere, hoc est ratione
    ratone sio
    sie fieri,
    feri, et haec uniuscuiusque
    rei natura est, de qua ille nihil docuit. Nihil ergo de natura locutus
    lOest.
    IO est. Quin
    Qun etiam hoc idem, de rationeloquor, rectum rei
    rci bonumque
    est. At
    ! ille
    iIle mistionem tantummodo prooo.t.
    probat. En, quam aperte philosophus ratione fieri, quae secundum naturam
    naturarn fiunt, exponit rationemratiollemque ipsam, cur ita fiant, causam
    caU!)3.m e5Se,
    esse, et essentiam, bonum, rectum
    uniuscuiusque rei eadem ratione
    ea videlicet,
    vdelicet, quae in

    radone describi, non


    l~ ipsa natura continetur, sed quae superior profluit. Quemadmodum
    1~
    Alexander quoque Aphrodisiensis
    AlexaJ1der
    Aphrodsensis huius philosphi
    philosophi expositor,
    exposltor, aperte de.-Jarat
    darat ratione quidem naturam
    naturaffi agere, sed non
    ea, quam in
    se contioet
    continet
    ipsa natura, non
    aliter quam Plato faciat in
    Sophista, ubi de animalium
    anmalium
    et stirpium et rerum etiam
    etam inanimatarum
    nanimatarum ortu
    disserit. Deum enim
    eim
    20earum omnium rerum creatorem atque opificem dicit,
    dieit, naturam
    naturarn vero
    genitricem esse ratione scientiaque
    scientaque divina a deo ipso proficiscente,
    profieiscente,
    atque r es ipsas natura nascentes divina arte effici et conservari. At
    novus hic phlosphus
    philosophus noster Georgius, qui
    < alios
    alias philotenebras vocat,
    cum ipse in
    tenebris summae ignorantiae
    gnorantiae versetur, esse dicit, quae
    25
    2~ ratione quidem, sed non
    alicuius
    alieuius causa agantur. Cumque id demonstrare
    demon5trare
    velit, rationero
    rationem dicit non modo
    od ad causam
    causar finalem refern,
    referri, verum etiam
    ad materialem
    materalem atque formaIem.
    formalem. Quapropter talem
    talern format, vel potius
    patius
    fonnare
    tonuare veUet, si tamen
    tarnen id a.ssequi posset,
    p<:Isset, syllogismum: Materia,
    atea,
    inquit, non
    est, cuius
    cuus causa agitur, II.t
    .! materia ratio est. Ergo a1iqua
    aliqua
    30 ratio est, cuius causa
    ca.usa nihil
    h} agitur.
    agtur.
    Sed !
    ut nos resp<:lndebimus
    respondebimus ad id, quod de mente interrogat, sie,
    sic
    ipse de materia respondeat, quam rationem esse opinatur.
    Non enim
    fe potest, ut idem
    dem et materia sit et ratio rei. Alterum
    A1terum quippe ad
    fien
    fonnarn et linern
    fonnam
    fnem pertinet, alterum formae finique
    fnique opponitur.
    . Quod
    od autem
    35 non
    materia, sed ratio finis
    tinis sit. cuiuscausa agitur, ipsum quoque philosophum Aristotelem auctorem habemus. Sic
    Sie enim libroprimo
    lbroprimo de partibus
    animalium
    anmalium scribit: tQuoniam plures in
    generatione naturali esse causa.s
    callSaS
    videmus. unam scilicet, cuius causa,
    ca.u!)3., alteram, unde principium motus,
    19.".6- ......
    ..... 6
    b
    t6'1''''
    .....
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    .....
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    &t, 11ft
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    13 d.
    cf. Plat.
    PJ_t. Sopb. 265 c.
    C. 131 Ariot. ncp\
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    iWf I.
    . 639b, 11-19.

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    SIIYSS:;e:
    SINOHIYSS38:

    .on
    n

    DE NATURA
    NATR ET
    ARTE.

    113

    de his quoque definiendum


    defniel1dum est, utra earum prna.
    prima. aut secunda natura
    sit.
    St. Videtur autem
    auten prima, quam alicuius
    alieuius eausam
    causam dicimus.
    dicmus. Haec enim
    enirn
    ratio est. Principium
    Principum autem
    autern est ratio tam
    tarn in artifieiosis
    a:tificiosis quam in natUTanaturaratW
    lit
    lte constitutis
    constitutS rebus. Sive enim
    enirn inteUectu
    intellectu sive sensu definiens
    defniens medicus
    medcus
    :; san;tatem,
    sanitatern, aedificator
    aedficator aedes, ra.tionem
    rationem et ca"S3S
    ca"sas reddunt ambo UniWluniUllcUU5que rei,
    re, quam
    qua.m faciunt, et cur
    a sit,
    ,, faciendum.c Sic
    os ta.nti

    cuiusque
    CUT ita
    Sie nos
    tanti viri
    auetoritatem sequentes rationem
    auctoritatem
    rationen lini,
    {, non
    materiae tribuimus, et quoties
    quotes
    a!iquid
    a.lquid dicimus fieri
    lieri ratione, id non
    no materia.e,
    materlae, sed finis
    S ra.tione
    ratione ac
    Oie
    conternplatione Cieri
    contemplatione
    lieri intelligimus. Ut
    pnta, quoniam {onna
    forma aedium talis
    10est, ",ut
    aut quoniam
    quoniam. tales sunt aedes, idcirco
    idcUo ita
    ! fit, et ratio, CUf
    CUT ita fiat,
    Hat,
    hOl
    haec:; est.
    Atqui novus
    nov iste philosophus quem opinionis
    is suae auctorem habeat,
    habeat,'
    non
    no video. Quis
    QuS enim
    enm umqu:un
    umquam rnentis
    mentS compos
    cornpos rationem tribuit materiae
    et subiecto? Aut qua tandem ratione,
    ratiane,
    ut ita
    .. sentiat, ipse movetur?
    16 Adhuc enim nihil amplius dixit quam ita
    a esse, nm forte
    : dicat illud se
    e>rimere voluisse non
    modo
    : agere, qui finem
    rnodo eum
    eurn ratione
    finern inducat,
    eJq>rimere
    sed etiam
    eti:un eum,
    euro, qui materiam {aci
    {aciat,
    ... t, atque ita
    ... m
    rnateriam
    ... teriam esse rationem
    et amplius rationem signiHcare
    signifieare quam finem
    en et cuius causa, quando
    agit quidem, qui materiarn
    mateam tractat, sed {inern
    finem confestim
    confestirn non
    inducit.
    2QAt
    wAt vero nec ratio
    propterea appellanda
    aellanda materia est, quod ratione ve1
    e1
    omnino
    omnno fiat
    fat vel ab artifice aptior
    "" reddatur, et ea ratio, qua {im
    fieri materiam
    dicis, finem
    finern respieiat
    respicat oportet. Finis
    FinS etenim ratione et simpliciter
    Smpliciter
    disponi
    dSponi materiam et in
    n me1ius
    melius mutari manifestum
    manifesturn est, quippe omnia
    et praes::ribuntur
    praesc::ribuntur fine
    n: et ad finem accommodantur.
    U
    2$
    Dicet etiam fortassis
    fortassS novus hic philo!;ophus idciroo
    idcirco materiam
    materiarn f
    rationem e:sse,
    esse, quoniam materialis causa est. Nihil enim nisi
    S absuroum
    absurourn
    ex tam
    tarn absurda sententia augurari possumus. Quod si ita est, putat
    b01l1o arum
    bomo
    parurn doctus, quicquid causa rei est, id etiam esse rationem,
    ratonem,
    quod nemo nisi mente captus a.sseret.
    asseret. Causae enim
    enirn quattuor sunt,
    5unt, ut
    !
    30ipse Aristote1es
    Aristoteles tr
    tradit
    ...dit . Quoniam,
    Ooa, inquit, quattuor causae sunt, de
    omnibus
    omnbus notitiam
    notitam habere physicus debet, isque ad omnes referens,
    cur ita est, naturaliter reddet materiam, fonnam quod moverit, cuius
    agatUT.f Ratio autem,
    autern, qua agitur,
    una finalis
    fnalis fonnalisve
    fonnalsve est
    causa agatUf.f
    eodern
    oodem pbilosopho
    philosopho auctore,
    auetore, qui in
    primo de generatione auimalium
    auirnalium
    ",libro
    a>libro ita inquit; .Quattuor causae habentur;
    habentur: ,
    una, quae cuius causa
    dicitur et pro fine
    : est; altera est essentiae ratio, quae quidem,
    quidern, etsi
    nomine
    nomne variant, tamen
    tarnen fere
    pro una existimanda
    existima.nda Sunt.f 1tem
    ltem undecimo
    .. V] M",".
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    -o/d-Et'i' ..."'<~ Pt.?


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    SINOHIVSS31I
    SINOIlIVSS::UI

    ".
    tlt

    DE NATURA
    NTR ET
    ARTE.

    de rebus diviois,
    divois, quen:t
    que: !ibrum
    Ibrum metaphysica vocat: tTres igitur, inquit,
    causae triaque
    taque principa
    principia sunt, duae in
    quibus consumitur contrarietas,
    aJtera pao
    privatio et tertia materia.'
    cuius pars altera fonna et ratio est, altera
    Ita ratio ab Aristotele omnibus locis
    Iods ad fortnam
    forttam non
    ad materiam
    5refertur. Et
    quamquam pIures
    plures causae pluraque principia sunt, tamen
    tarnen
    rationis nomen fonnae,
    fi, actui, habitui assignatur, non
    materiae,
    formae, Hni,
    quae contrarietatis adversus fonnam altera
    aJtera pars est, quando materia
    cum privatione idem numero est, ut Aristotdes tradit.
    Quae cum ita sint, minor
    syllogismi extrem!las,
    extremiIas, qua materiam I
    JOesse rationem 5,
    posuit,
    ut falsa
    lalsa improbanda est. Nec seqUitUf,
    sequituf, si causa
    l(lesse
    5 rationem modo ex forma,
    est, etiam rationem esse. Neque vero si
    matea petimus,
    petirnus, ratio ipsa matern
    matea erit. Sed
    5ed rationem,
    rationern, cur
    modo ex matern
    homo mortalis sil,
    5, licet ex materia capere; materiam autem
    autern ipsam
    licet.
    Quapropter ratio, qua rem
    nornine
    nomine rationis appellare non
    rern ita
    15esse
    J5 esse sive creari dicimus,
    didmus, Datum
    natura ipsa rei praecipua es!,
    e5t, nec arnplius
    amplius
    quicquam significat, quam forma finisve,
    finSve, cuius causa gignItur,
    gignitur, ostendat. Itaque rationc-m
    rationC-ffi converti cum fine et forma
    lorma unicuique manifestum
    manfestum
    est excepto hoc
    uno philosopho et voc:abulorum
    voc:abuloruffi auctore.
    es!
    modo formalem finalemque, verum,
    verurn,
    Adde, quodsi rationem non
    20 etiam
    etam materialem posuerimus, quam sibi
    sbi ipse
    pse concedi cupit,
    cupt , Dihilo
    nihIo
    propterea magis
    mags se ratio
    rato porget
    porriget quam
    qnam forma et finis.
    fiS. Neque enim,
    5 detur ratio materialis,
    matealis, mox ratio sirnplidter
    simplciter erit, quandoquidem a
    si
    sirnplidter absoluteque eam esse,
    doctoribus ita accepimus rationem simpliciter
    doctoribu9
    quarnquarn Georgius existimare videtur Aethiquae fonnam significat, quamquam
    2S opem,
    opern, eum
    cum parte aliqua sui corporis albus sil, aJbum
    album dici merito posse.
    Sit
    5it ergo materia, si ita libet, ratio materialis. Sed ratio, qua natura
    agit, non
    aliter
    aJiter ca.pienda
    capienda est contemplatione
    contemplatlone finis quam ea, qua ars
    intellectusque agant pro sui finis
    S ratione. Quamobrem nihil plus ratio,
    quarn forma et finis.
    de qua agitur, significat quam
    S()
    Quocumque igitur modo ratio sumatur, sive pro humana ratione,l'
    ratone,11
    quae curn appetitu
    appetltu coniuncta
    conuncta deligit vitia aut virtutes,
    rtutes, sive appetitu
    appettu
    res efficit
    effidt artificiosas,
    artiliciosas, ut lectum, ut aedes, sive pro ratione
    ratone separata
    atque abstracta,
    abstraeta, cuius auctor
    auetor est Plato, sive ro
    pro ratlone
    ratione iUDcta
    iUDeta cum
    natura rerum effectrice,
    effectce, non
    potest nisi contemplatione
    cntempIatione respectuque
    intellig. Quapropter Georgius nrnil,
    hil, quod ad proposi3liformae ac finis intelligi.
    tum pertinere videatur, opponit
    frustraque rationem iUam
    llam materialem
    matealem
    diu ac multum
    mnltum cogitaturn
    cogtatum producit
    produdt in lucem.
    Caput V.
    Sequitur a1iud
    aliud eius obiectum, quod natura nihil consu1tet,
    consultet, quam- 5, 1
    40 quam alicuius
    alcuius causa agit, cum longius se
    se. extendat alicuius causa
    ca.usa agere
    10 .,.)JQv
    )JQ M
    ~. e
    u olUo
    oD.o

    ! 20

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    add
    4d.. ...
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    ,.,0

    116

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSRIONlS

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    &ero
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    er

    DE NATURA
    NATR ET
    ARTE.

    117

    quam consultace. Quod


    QuOll verba
    Aristotelis frangens ostendere nititur.
    nititur,
    eum
    res perpetuae agant
    ag30nt quidem alicuius causa, sed sine ullo consilio.
    Est enim consi1ium
    consilium inquisitio rerum, quae in nostra sunt potestate.
    potestate,
    continguntque et dubiae sunt.
    5unt. In
    perpetuS
    perpetuis autem, quoniam necessariae
    15 sunt.
    sunt, llullus
    nullus est consilio locus. His verbis 30tque
    atque rationibus
    rationbus non
    suis,
    sus.
    sed
    se<! alienis
    alienS sese Georgius ostentat et PIatonicos
    Platonicos omnes
    mes aggressus nemiem posse impetum suum ferre
    e eJ<cIamat.
    ucIamat, nos etiam, quid consilium
    conslium
    nem
    mime definisse
    definSSe mentitur. Sed quis
    quS ita indoctus atque insipiens
    sit, mimine
    est. ut quod Georgius accipere
    aceipere ab Aristotele
    AStotele potuit, idem Plotinos,
    est,
    10 Porpbyrios,
    Porphyrios, Damascios. Simplicios
    Sirnplieios reliquosque
    relquosque Platonicae sectae
    sect30e doctiSSlmO!; viros
    wos accipere
    aceipere nequaquam potuisse acbitretur? Nam si
    5 homo
    tissimos
    t30m rudis 30tque
    atque indoctu5
    indoctus r.ecte
    recte id quidem
    quidern refert, quo pacto sapientissimi
    sapientissm
    tarn
    illi viri non idem et
    intellexissent et. quatenus fieri po5~,
    potllis~t, declarassent?
    assent? Legerunt
    Legeruf1t profecto h30ec
    haec illi quoque apud Aristotelem
    r!;ttelem et recte
    negant. Verum consilii nomen non
    unam rem significare
    sgnificare
    16dici
    J6dici non Degant.
    respondent, sed modo ad intellectum humanum, modo ad divinum
    respondef1t,
    refern. Itaque licet
    refem.
    lcet consilium nostnun
    osun rei minus cognitae inquisitione
    inqusitione
    tamen omnium rerum certitudine excellit, suique
    describitur, divinum tarnen
    generis est.
    20
    Consultandi igitur
    igtur seu cogitandi
    cogtandi ratio
    rato aut
    30ut inquisitionem
    inqusitionem rerum er.
    per'
    transitionem de alio
    transitlonem
    3oJio in 30liud
    aHud dicit,
    dieit, aut cogitationem.
    cogitationem, intelligentiam,
    Intelligentiam,
    voluntatem et
    providentiam, quomodo et
    Aristoteles sexto ethiconlm
    eth.conlm
    libro
    Hbro consultare et
    cogitace
    cogtace idem esse affinnat. eum
    Cum itaque n30turam
    naturam
    consultace dicimus,
    dieimus, id voIumus
    volumus significari. ut ratio et
    intelligentia
    consuItace
    25 pnceps
    princeps insistensque
    if1sstensque naturae animadvertat
    animadvert30t ea, quae certa explorataque
    sibi meliora
    5ibi
    melora habeat, celerique intuitu quasi concepto peragat sua
    su30 negotia
    humanum agere queat ingenium. et nomine
    longe consultius, quam huma.num
    loqumur usitato, sed longe aliter quam vulgus
    vlgus exponimus.
    quidem loquimur
    certe licet facere,
    faeere, idque ipse Georgius quamquam imprudens
    Quod eerte
    30 fatetur. siquidem Aristotelem scribit de intellectu dixisse,
    dxisse, quod intelligit
    qridem , sed non
    per imaginationem et
    sen.sum,
    quidem,
    sensum, quod genus intelligendi
    longe profectius esse confitetur. nec
    nee nisi aequivoce inteIligendi
    intelligendi rationem
    recipere. Quodsi Aristoteli
    AStoteli Heuit
    lcuit intelligendi vocabulo
    vocabul0 id exprimere,
    od a
    30ltius
    ltius atque nobilius est.
    est, quam humana
    humaDa inteUigendi
    intelligendi ratio constet,
    quod
    35 eur
    cur Platoni quoque non
    Hceat
    Jceat consilium adscribere inteUectui,
    nteUectui, non
    per
    humanam de re dubia inquisitionem,
    hwnanam
    inqusitionem, sed altiore nobilioreque modo.
    modo,
    qui
    menti conveniat
    conveni:.t separatae
    sepa.xata.e atque eximiae?
    Sed illuc
    illue redeo.
    redeo, unde discessi. Aristoteles naturam vel cogitare
    cogtare I
    vel eonsultare
    veI
    consultare sua intima.
    intima ratione neg3ot.
    negat. Exteriore autem ne ipse qui.0
    . dem negaret, ut ex
    his intelligi
    inteUigi facile
    faeile potest, quae
    qu30e adversus Empedodem
    Empedoclen
    U o~
    e~ M]
    ] v
    V tuU. 3,,1:
    3.1: 1
    'Zr
    '7 '<Ir.!
    _1 ""'" TI).&;
    i ........ M]
    ] V
    ..... _
    _L
    7 Ariot.
    ATi"t. Etb. Nic.
    Nie. t 2. "390, '28<1.
    u.ct. 136 cf. AJex.
    Alex. ApIlrnd.
    Aplrnd. Oe
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    .. to uf.
    ul. Bro""
    ",'"

    p . IM
    16 sq
    &q .
    ,8 sq.
    &q.

    J 38 Scholi
    ScheU .. in
    Pindarum P.
    . I.
    . 3.

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    '

    DE
    NATUR
    NATURA ET
    ARTE.

    119

    scripta supra memoravi, atque etiam ex verbis Alexandri summi ex


    JX>Sitoris,
    positoris, qui ita lnquit
    inquit ; .Natura non
    per delectum, nec
    ne<: sua intima
    agit
    agt ratione..
    ratiene.. Sed quaeret aliqui.s,
    aliquis, utro tandem significato Aristoteles
    oonsultandi vocabulum usurpaverit, cum veteres
    veteees philosophos erroris
    ~argueret, quod na.turam
    naturarn alicuius causa agere non
    putassent. Nan
    Nam
    exemplo, quod de arte mutuatus
    rnutuatus est, inquisitionem rerum
    rerurn obscuriorem
    videtur exponere.
    Veterum autem illorum sententia non
    nisi cogitationem significari'
    sgniicari I
    consentaneum est. eum
    Cum enim illi
    cogitandi rationem, cuius dumtaxat
    10 interest
    inteeest alicuius causa agere, in
    natura nequaquam inesse arbitrarentur,
    nece:ssario
    Aristoteies
    necessario negabant naturam alicuius causa agere. Quodsi
    Aristoteles
    e directo opponit,
    Opponlt, fortasse non
    inquisitionem,
    inquisitionern, sed cogitandi
    cogtandi rationem
    designat, cum nomina.t
    nominat consilium. An
    minime inconveniens sit agi
    de cogitatione
    cogtattone exemplo
    exempIo significati alterius?
    a1terius? Consultare enim cogitare
    1~ aliquod est. Itaque !
    ut a.rs,
    ars, quamvis nihil quaerat, alicuius tamen
    tarnen causa
    agit, sic natura.
    natura, etsi non
    cogitat ipsa.
    ipsa, tamen
    tarnen alicuius
    a.lcuius causa agere
    potest. Volebant !gitur
    gi illi, quae
    qua.e aa. na.tura
    natura procrea.ntur,
    procreantur, nulla ratione
    emd,
    efJici, sed una rnateriali
    ma.teali necessitate et per accidens fieri.
    Quippe
    imbrem mitti a love
    Iove per aestatem non,
    area pereat,
    ut frumentum in
    20sed propter
    proptee vaporem elevatum, qui
    qU refrigeratus et in
    aquam conversus
    suo pondere feratur deorsum. Accidere
    Acddere autem, ut imbre demisso {ru
    fru
    mentum pereat, imbremque ipsum non
    ratione emd,
    efici, sed necessitate
    materiali.
    Haec illi,
    il, cum nihit
    nihl a natura
    natum cogitari, nihil a1icuius
    alicuius causa agi 6
    25arbitrarentur. Quorum sententiam reprobans Aristoteles naturam ali
    cuius causa agere ostendit, tametsi consilii ac cogitationis expers esse
    videatur. Concedit igitur nihi!
    nihl a natura cogitari, quemadmodum veteres
    illi censuerunt, sed propterea non alicuius causa agi
    a.gi dicendum arbitratur.
    Quod idem a Platonicis
    Platonids quoque dictum Georgius non
    intelligit.
    ntelligJt. Neque
    SOenim
    30enim naturam ipsam sua intima facultate vel cogitare
    cogtare vel consulere
    Platonid asserunt, sed haec m enti, sive intellectui exteriori
    Platonici
    eter tribuunt,
    qui praesit, insistat, incumbat naturae atque officia dirigat.
    Veteres igitur illi
    ea cogitandi ratione, quam naturae demebant,.
    demebant,'
    eam volebant non alicuiu.s
    alicuius causa agere, et ad hunc sensum occurrisse
    3Ii Aristotelem
    AStotelem existimo. Quis enim tam
    tarn pingui
    pingei Minerva
    Minera est,
    ut intellectu
    naturae concesso eam neget alicuius causa agere? Nam etsi nihil esse.
    esse,
    quod meos
    meDS ambigat et quaerat arbitra.ris,
    arbitraris, tamen
    tarnen quod illa certo norit,
    id recta ratione mandari operae
    opexae et causa alicuius effid
    effici procuIdubio
    proculdubio
    Mentern enim, quamdiu mens est,
    , res certa cognoscendi
    concedes. Mentem
    mod
    4Oratione complecti necesse est. Quod Alexander quoque, cuius modo
    28{'1:9
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    6 . 198
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    12.

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSARI0NIS

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    DE NATt)RA ET
    ARTE.

    121

    mentionem fed,
    fe<:i, aperte dedarat.
    declarat. Aristoteles etiam fortunam
    fortunarn et casum
    inter causas efficientes connumerans: .Aut
    tAut rerum
    rerun naturalium,
    naturallum, inquit.
    aut ab intellectu proficiscentium
    proficiseentium aliquid
    alquid semper causa
    cau!)8. esh,
    estc, ut rei
    re
    naturali rem ab intellectu
    intel1ectu proficiscentem plane opponerc
    opponere videatur, cum
    6 eius quoque sententia natura nec animadvertat nec cogitet. Conpartim cogitandi rationem
    ratonem significare, partim inquisitisilium itaque pa.rtim
    sa.tis iam
    iarn declara.tum
    declaratum
    onem rerum, de qua in libro de moribus agitur, satis
    est. Sed mcminisse
    meminisse iJlud
    illud oportet, quod supra dictum est, naturarn
    naturam ea
    eogitandi
    cogitandi intelligendique ratione turn
    tum Aristotelis turn
    tum expositoris eius
    sententa earere,
    carere, quae intima
    intma est. Nam exteriore illa, euius
    cuius
    10Alexandri
    tOAlexandri sententia
    cogitare a Platonicis dicitur, ne ipsi
    actionem,
    aetionem, dum natura explicat, eogitare
    dicH. alter sua intima
    quidem tollunt, quando alter naturam agere dicit,
    ratione nihi!
    ra.tione
    nihl a natura agi confitetur, ut dicturn
    dictum iam superius fuit.
    possit. quae teste Aristotele non
    aetivum,
    activum, sed
    Quid enim natura agere possit,
    1& passivum principium est, nisi
    nis! extrinsecus adsit, quod intelligendi obalteram hanc
    hane naturam qua.si
    quasi instrumentinens facuItatem
    faeuItatern agat dirigens aItera.m
    tum ad finem et alicuius
    alcuius causa quaeque efficiat?
    !) de eausis
    causis nos superiori nostro
    pro opinione Platonis7
    PIaton.s7
    His
    nostra opusculo ro
    diximus naturam consilio
    conslio agere, etsi
    ets! non
    suo, tamen
    tarnen universae rnentis,
    ment.s, ((- fIT.'.
    .,.
    20 quae per omnia transeat omnibusque
    onibusque insistat natura.e
    naturae operibus et ex 7-9)
    offido gera.t.
    officio
    gerat. Sic
    Sie nos
    nO!i religionis nO!itra.e
    nostrae sanetissimos
    sanct.ssimos viros, qui et ipsi
    ;
    conslium deo tribuunt. recte pieque sentire existimamus,
    existmamus, quamquam
    consilium
    Georgius e eontrario
    contrario impios putat, qui
    < in deo esse consilium arbitrantur.

    Non enim imperitiam rerum significat


    sgnificat consilium dei.
    dei, sed summum
    25 finis eomplexum
    complexum pJenissimamque
    plenissimamque notitiam. Et quemadmodum valere
    < sine longa indagatione rerum
    return exitum
    ingenio hominem dicimus, qui
    assequi potest, sic
    m indagatione utitur, ineffabili
    sie deum,
    deum. qui nulla omnino
    ingenio,
    oonslio. inaudita voIuntate
    voluntate exeellere
    excellere opinamur.Faciamus,
    Faciamus.
    ingenio. miro
    mire oonsilio.
    imagnem et simiJitudinem
    nostram.I
    jnqult, hominem ad imaginem
    similitudinern nostram
    . Nonne docinquit.
    30 tores nostri
    nost sanctissimi
    conslium divinum
    diinum
    sanetissimi viri hunc
    hune locum exponentes consilium
    aiunt creationem hominis pra~essisse? At Georgius impios,
    impios. indoctos,
    inscios vocat, qui divinum dicunt
    dieunt esse consilium. Plato etiam eadem
    qua doctores nostri
    nst sententia
    sententa fretus
    ftetus in
    Epinomide ita inquit: . Stabile,
    Stable,
    firmumque. eum
    cum anima rem
    rern optimam mente optima deliberarit, per35 fecte
    fe<:te atque absoJute
    absolute provenit. Qua te
    re ne adamas quidern
    quidem finnior
    est,
    nec uJ1a
    ulla res potest esse stabilior. Enimvero tres illae parcae eam rem
    ntegcrrimam, quae optimo consilio deo cuique
    continent servantque integcrrimam,
    deliberata est.I
    delibera.ta
    est .
    gnorantia in eumI
    eum
    Atqui Georgius distinguendi determinandique ignorantia
    ..0
    . diIabitur
    dilabitur errorem, ut dum alios impietatis damnat, se ipsum impiisimum (_gr."IO)
    Ii 11
    6 ....Gc;
    . v
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    6 voc;
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    ] V
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    I"'J.~ n: M]

    14 Gell.. I.
    , a6. 35 PI.t. Epln.
    EplD. 98a
    gIb b. e.
    .

    122

    BESSARIONIS

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    6,

    '";(VII"

    w..

    DE NATURA ET
    ARTE.

    123

    esse demonstret. Neque enim


    m Platoni tantum detrahit, qui deo adimit
    admit
    consilium,
    cons1ium, sed etiam
    etiaJn doctrinae religionis
    relgionis nostrae et litteris sacru.
    sacris. Ita
    fit, ut consil
    cons1ii ratio nlhil
    h minusque ratio finis
    fnis continoot,
    contineat, et haec
    haee quasi
    quas
    reciproca sint,
    ut qui eonsultat,
    consultat, alieuius
    alcuius causa agat, et qui alicuius
    alieuius
    Ii eausa
    causa agit,
    , consuItet.
    consultet. Quodsi
    Quods natura aUeuius
    alcuius eausa
    causa agit,
    , eonsultet
    consultet
    etiarn necesse est sive cogitandi intelligendive ratione,
    ratlone, sive celeri finis
    sua facultate,
    faeultate, sed societate mentis
    comprehensione, quamquam non
    principis atque rectricis.
    principi.s
    rectrieis. Ars etiam
    etian ita agit, verum non
    ea, quae in
    re
    artifieiosa posita est, sed quae in
    artificiosa
    artifiee
    artifce eontinetur.
    contnetur.
    Caput VI.

    Georgii
    Georgi autem quantum sit ing:enium
    ingenium quantaque doctrina, vel
    l ex6,
    hoc intel1igi
    intelligi maxime x>test,
    potest, quod euro
    curn Aristoteles naturam
    naturarn dicat
    dieat non

    consuItando opus suum efficere


    consultando
    effieere idque exemplo artis confirmet,
    corm, hic
    qui se Aristotelicum
    Aristotelieum fadt,
    facit, consultare artem
    artern opinatur nec Aristotelem
    Aristotelern
    15 negare ait artem
    artern eonsultare,
    consuttare, eurn
    cum id etiarn
    etia.rn caeco manifestum esse
    arbitretur, artem
    artern scilicet
    scilieet consilio ac
    ae deliberatione uti. Verurn
    Verum accipi
    hoc non
    simpliciter didt,
    dicit, sed per suppositionem, ad hunc
    hune videiicet
    videlieet
    modum,
    ligno esset, non
    consultaret. Qua ratione etiam
    etam demon
    rnodurn, Si
    si in
    strat artem
    artern sententia
    se ntenta Aristotelis consuJtare.
    consultare. .Si in
    ligno
    tigno esset, inquit,
    2Onon consultaret. Ergo, eurn
    2Qnon
    cum extra sit, consultat . Secundum hanc
    hane
    igitur
    igtur Georgii
    Georg expositionem propterea Aristoteles naturam eonsultare
    consultare
    non
    putat, quia n on consultat. Nam si propterea dumtaxat non
    consultare artem
    artern arbitraretur, quia si in
    ligno esset, non consulta.ret,
    consultaret,
    nihil diversum
    diversurn a natura
    natum id caperet, quandoquidem
    quandoquidern natura perinde atque
    2S ars in ligno clauderetur
    clauderetur.. TolIitur
    TQlIitur enlm
    hoc modo differentia,
    ut ars
    prineipiuro sit extrinsecus,
    principiurn
    extrinseeus, natura intrinsecU$,
    intrinsecus, si tarn
    tam ars quam natura
    in
    n ligno cornprehenditur.
    comprehenditur. Quid vero
    ) Aristoteles non
    eonsultare
    consultare naturam
    naturarn
    artis
    artS exemplo
    exernplo eontendit,
    contendit, si iudicio
    iudieio Georgii consultare naturam
    naturarn luce
    luee
    clarius est? Nam
    Narn Plato
    PlatQ tam
    tarn artem
    artern quam
    quarn naturam.
    naturam consilio t
    uti affinnat.
    affnat .
    30 Quo fit,
    , ut si
    s ars consultat, quae naturam
    naturarn imitatur et sequitur, frustra
    Aristoteles naturam.
    consultare argumento arti$
    naturam non
    artis ostendat.
    Quid praeterea eorum $ententiam
    consul
    sententiam Georgius improbat,
    lmprobat, qui consul'l
    tare artem affinnant?
    afinnant? Platonicorum quippe, quibus repugnare ipse
    nititur, haec opinio
    opnio est, ut et artis consilium
    consilum $it
    naturae. In
    hunc
    sit et
    hune
    n modum homo
    bomo iste
    Ste argumentatur et
    iudicat,
    iudcat, qui se expositorem ac
    ae defensorem Aristotelis
    AristotelS fach.
    facit. .tNoVt,
    Novit, inquit, Aristoteles artem consul
    tare. Hoc enim ve1
    vel caeco, ut aiunt, patet. Sed si in
    ligno
    go esset, nQn
    non
    eonsultaret..
    consultaret.. Sic
    Sie Georgius inquit.
    Inquit.

    "

    17 cl. Ari .a t . Phy.,


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    SINOIHYSSa:a:
    SINOIRVSSa:e:

    ""

    DE NATURA
    NAURA ET
    ARTE.

    125

    Nunc Themistium. si
    Nune
    $ placet. audiamus,
    audamu$, virum doctum et disci-I
    plinae Aristotelicae familiarissimum. 1$
    Is hunc
    hune locum exponens ita in-'
    _'
    quit:
    <: _Neque enim faber lignarius consultat, utrum prius secandum
    sit aut doiandum,
    dolandum, nec grammaticus. quemadmodum litterarum
    ltterarum eleeielSIS menta scribenda sint, hoc est a aut b . Nec vero eum
    cum Cleonem scribit,
    cogitat, quam
    cogitat.
    quam. primarn,
    prlmarn, quam secundam
    seeundam litteram eollocet.
    collocet. Aedifieator
    Aedificator
    etiam non
    on eonsultat,
    consultat, utrum iacienda primo
    prima fundameIIta
    fundamenta smt, an parietes
    construendi, an tectum apponendum. Eodem modo textor, lapicida
    constroendi,
    reliquique arti!ices
    artifices suo officio
    offieio funguntur. Nullus eonsuUat,
    consultat, sed habet
    10 sibi suum quisque
    qusque eertum
    certum !initumque
    finitumque opus, nec ordinem
    ordnem ad finem
    proptum
    propositum pertnentem
    pertinentem ignorat . Haec eadem ab Alexandro, Simplicio.
    Averoe. Alberto, Thoma reliquisquc
    relquisquc Aristotelis
    Aristotels expositoribus hoc loco
    Ioco
    Averroe.
    scribuntur. SoIus
    Solus Georgius caeco quoque perspicuum esse
    e!>Se dicit artem
    eonsultare,
    con$uItare, nec videt iudicio suo doctissimos
    d octissimos illos viros, qui locum hunc
    hune
    15 ita exponunt, eaecos
    caecos fieri . Atqui ipse
    ip$e !
    pltius eaecus
    caecus est, qui quod
    ceteri omnes videre potueront,
    potuerunt, solus ipse
    iP!ie non
    videt. lam
    Iam Aristoteles
    aperte non
    con:;ultare
    consultare artem eo loco profitetur, euius
    cuius rei argumentum
    affert, quodsi a1"5 in
    ligno esset, nihilominus officio suo fungeretur,
    quam eum
    cum in
    artifice est. Ex
    quo concludit naturam, quse
    quae in
    ligno
    tigno
    !Oet
    20et reliquis
    reliquS huiu$modi
    huiusmodi est, alicuius
    alieuius causa agere, tametsi
    tarnetsi nullo consilio
    agat. Apte igitur
    ig.tur et eonvenienter
    convenienter exemplum ab arte pettur,
    peHtur, quoniam
    ars naturae similis est eamque
    earnque imitatur.
    Sed ne quis
    quS artem idcirco
    idcireo existimaret consuIere.
    consulere. quia extrin!iecuse
    extrinseeuSi
    est, naturam vero minime, quia intnnsecu$,
    intrinsecus, ideo subiun:rit artem,
    artern, ne
    25m ligno quidem sis esset, PO!>Se
    posse aliter
    alter facere.
    faeere. Quamobrem exemplum
    rursus magis propinquum ex medico petit
    petiit se ipsum eurante.
    curante. Siquidem
    agendi principium in
    eo
    co intus est, quamquam per accidens.
    aecidens.
    Non enim
    quatenus medicus
    medieus est, sed quatenus aeger a !ie
    se ipso euratur.
    curatur. At
    novus
    hie Peripateticus
    hic
    Peripatetieus eognitum
    cognitum habuisse Aristotelern dicit artem eonsuItare.
    consultare.
    30 Sed qua dialecticae
    dalecticae perita
    perUia ad propositum Aristotes
    Aristotels teferat,
    referat, quaeso
    animadvertite.
    _Ars , inquit, consultat quidem. Sed si in ligno
    lgno esset, non
    eonsul-5
    consul-I
    taret. Ergo ne natura
    natuta quidem consultat,
    coflSultat, quae in
    ligno est.' En,
    , quam
    idoneis mediis
    mediS ptobat,
    probat, quod quaeritur, qui nos
    !; ignorare dia1ecticarn
    dialecticam
    35 scribit. Ignoramus profecto dialectieam
    dalecticam taiem,
    talern, qua1em
    qualem ipse seit,
    scit, absitque ut talem
    modo
    talern aliquando sciamus. Sed enim Georgius non
    Platonern et Aristotelem, ubi dissidere inter !ie
    se videniden
    concordiam
    concordiarn inter Platonem
    tur, prae sua inscitia cogitare non
    potest, verum etiam
    etam eum
    cum temere
    ternere
    10 ir'''l'iI"''"<U<6<;
    .. "I"';"<U<6; MV
    1
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    Tnpe:. 19 Tbe",i.t.
    be",.t. InPbytie.jl8
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    8. 199_, 17-<1'.
    17-<11. 199b,
    I99b, 28-33.138 cf. Arist.
    rst.
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    Pby .
    jl8.

    Pbyr..
    Pby..
    jI
    . 192
    '92 b, 2' oqq.
    qq.

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    00'1'00;' ApW'l"oMI

    ~ iU3

    BESSARIONIS

    SINOIl:IVSS:;ra:

    DE NATURA ET
    ARTE.

    127

    audet vel
    defendere Aristotelem
    AStotelem vel
    FIatoni
    Pl eurn
    praefee,
    praeferre, 'ita id
    pueIiter
    pueriliter fadt,
    facit, ut risum
    Sum apud omnes captet, quando se iudicem earum
    ea.rum
    rerum
    rerun auctoremque
    auetoremque constituit, quas prorsus ignorat. A
    me vero
    VeJ"O tanturn
    abest, ut in
    defendendo Platone doctrinarn damnare Aristotelis
    116 ve1im, ut potius convenire semper inter sese duos philosophos, quantum
    in
    i me est, coner ostendere.
    Quae res quomodo a me agatur, obsecro, parumper attendite.'
    attendite.
    Aristote1es
    AStote1es eum
    cum de rebus naturalibus ageret, principii.s
    principiis naturae intimis
    Intimis
    contentus no1uit
    l superiorem separatamque
    separatanque causam
    causan attingere, quae ad
    10primum phlosophum
    philosophum pertinet, ne
    disciplinarum
    disciplnarum praecepta
    praeeepta praeter
    morern suum misceret atque eonfunderet.
    morem
    confunderet. Itaque recte naturam tradidit
    sine
    sie consilio agere. N~ue
    Neque enim.
    enim ei
    naturae eogitandi
    cogitandi vis
    Vs inest, quae
    immediata est ac
    ae proxima rebu5.
    rebus. Pbysicum
    Physieum ({uippe
    t{uippe eatenus natura]em
    naturalern
    formam considerare debere ipse Aristoteles auctor est, quatenus
    quatenu5 a
    16
    111 natura non
    separetur. Idem etiam:
    etiarn: .Duplex, inquit, e5t
    est principium,
    quod naturaliter movet. Alterum non
    naturale est.
    est, quippe quod in

    se motus principium non


    continet, quaIe
    5 quid movet, eum
    cum ipsum
    quale est, si
    non
    moveatur,
    ut quod omnino immobile primumque omnium est et
    quiditas ac
    ae forma . Ad haee:
    haec: .Homo
    tHomo hominem generat, et omnino, quae
    cum ipsa moveantur. Quae autem
    autern non ita movent, minime
    mnime
    2Omovent, eum
    ad physicum pe.nent
    pert-inent . Item: .Si qua forma separata per essentiam
    sit,
    5. et quemadmodum se respectu naturalium rerum habeat et quid
    sit,
    defnire m
    primae philosophiae officium est..
    est.t ThemistiU5
    Themistius etiam: .Si
    .5
    5it. definire
    quid immobile, inquit.
    inquit, principium motus est, id definire non
    physici,
    physid,
    used primi philosophi
    phi1osophi oUidum
    officium est .
    traetans et eaucau- 1
    Aristoteles igitur his rationibus res physicas physice tractans
    sam
    .m separatam nequaquam
    nequaquarn attingens iure
    consultare naturam negavit.
    Plato vetO
    ro non
    immerito consideravit scientias, eum
    cum minus perfectae
    perlectae
    perlectionem suam desiderare officium
    oficium perfectiorum, et quemessent, ad perfectionem
    perliei 5ine
    sine arithmetica potest.
    potest, quippe
    3Oadmodum geometria numquam perfici
    quae de commensibilibus
    commesibilibus et
    incommensibilibus
    incomrnensibilibus magnitudinibus nequit
    sine arithmetica
    arithnetica agere, sie
    5C etiam eam
    earn partem
    partern philosophiae, quae de rebus
    naturalibus disserit,
    disset, percipi
    perdpi integre absoluteque
    absotuteque non
    posse absque ea,
    ,
    quae est de rebus illis
    illS superioribus atque divinis,
    divinS, siquidem res naturales
    $36 non
    carent divina iJla
    ea
    potssimum
    illa cau.
    causa atque suprema, immo vero
    potissimum
    2 ..
    "GT~
    GT~ V ..
    "m..;
    1m><;; M
    I 1 S
    a ..;),o,~
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    <io
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    ~~ yc MI
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    t>. y"
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    _t ......
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    MV]
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    ...
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    ",p. wr".

    6 Ge"rg.
    Georg. Tf&pez . I 23 er.
    cr. Ar;at.
    Ariat. Meb.pb. c I . O~6
    'O~6 _. -4-(;.
    -4-. I 23 Arist.
    Arlst. Pbys.

    h
    t.. Pb,....
    l. Pbys.
    ~ 7. '98a, 3j-I98b,
    35-'98b, ). I 26 Ar
    ~ 7. '98_, - 2 9. I 28 Arht.
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    q. I] 30
    : Tbemi .a t. ;0
    io Pbyo . ~ 7. d . Sdo.....1I ,8.
    ,S. -4--7.

    128

    BESSARIQN1S
    BE$SARIQN1S

    ..

    '"r- ,bot"

    c3; 00\1
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    \ ... , OUX
    oux .m..(nov.
    .n. "
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    IU.'IOU~
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    ; T6
    6 ~ D.;
    . Xlyci:
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    iv
    i Wnii
    ~ xar.!
    !
    cdNt;,
    ~r; 1:,'
    1:'fI' & ... 'POat.Y
    ~pocv.l)'I'ut, '"
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    oo\lcu<)i;
    c[# _
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    3~ooWnJ;. - OCcu
    1l:poc(p1)TCU ycip
    . 3ij
    3 'f'b
    'f' u&c&,n
    ~u).&Uc,,&.n

    &.nr.

    193 _
    c xl
    hturrl)I'l'\t;
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    xr.
    a<.).),,1l~1" boIMoC;,
    bolMoOc;, &.
    & 1'PO'l'l:o,"
    ,"

    Mon Tb"
    b" ~
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    V 309
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    40

    129

    PE
    NATURA
    NR ET
    : ARTE.

    causa consistunt
    consStunt servanturque. Quapropter non
    temere
    ternere de rebus natura
    libus admistis altioribus
    a1tioribus illis
    UUS rationibus docendum
    docendun existimavit
    existimavt spera.ns
    ita fore, ut et ipse haberet et ceteris traderet scJentiam
    scientiam plenJorem.
    pleniorem.
    Repetit ergo praecipuam illarn causam
    causam. ad perfectiorem
    perfectiorern naturalium
    I)
    ) rerum cognitionem et certiorem efficere disciplinam
    dSCiplinam conatur ex primae
    illius
    illus causae demonstratione.
    denonstratione. Ita enim comparatum est,
    ut natura
    non
    sua constet facultate, sed aliunde dependeat moveaturque a causa
    illa separata,
    sepanta, quae naturae finem
    fien in
    se continet et consultandi cogi_
    tandive ratione in
    n agendo non
    vacat.
    vaeat. Narn consilium et cogitationem
    cogtationem
    10 in
    n rebus divinis
    divnis summae rationis et exquisitissimi
    etquisitssmi iudidi
    iudicii nomina esse
    satis iam supra declaratum est. Itaque per syllepsim consilium cogitandique rationem naturae tribuit, quemadmodum medici
    rnedid febrem
    febrern inter.
    dum inflammationis
    inflanunationis nomine solent nuncupare. Aristoteles etiarn
    etam naturam pncipium
    affnnat, non
    activum,
    prindpium motus et quietis esse affinnat,
    activurn,
    ut supra
    15 dictum est, sed passivum, hoc est non
    quo moveat,
    rnoveat, sed quo moveatur.
    Cumque
    Cunque de quattuor elementis disserat: tNullum, inquit, ex his
    bis se
    ipswn
    ipsum movere apertum est, sed principium
    prindpiurn motus habent, non
    quo
    moveant aut agant, sed quo moveantur. Ergo ipsius quoque sententia
    sen tenta
    natura aliunde
    a1iunde movetur et rationem non
    ipsa possidet, sed a quo
    2Ornovetur.
    2Omovetur.
    Ex
    quibus sequitur,
    ut inter sese duo phlosophi
    philosophi consentiant, et.
    diverso rerum
    return respectu uterque vere ac sapienter et loquatur et sentiat.
    sentia.t.
    Sie ego exponendum censeo,
    cens:o, quamvis me GeofgiUS
    Geofgius calumnietur,
    calurnnietur, quasi
    Sic
    contradicere sibi ipsi Aristote1em
    Aristotelem putem.
    putern. Illius,
    HHus, illius ha.ec
    haec impudentia
    25 est, qui ita
    ... alterurn
    a1terum laudat,
    ut alteri
    a1teri maledicat
    rnaledieat et per distinguendi
    distnguendi ac
    definiendi imperitiam
    defmiendi
    mperitam adversarium se contra alterum
    alterurn eonstituit.
    consttuit. Sed
    valea.t ipse et si quis
    va1eat
    quS ei similis
    simils est. A
    nobis vero longe absit,
    ut viros
    ros
    doctissimos
    doctissmos et omnium
    ornnium bonarum artium parentes iudicare aut reprehendere velimus.
    EqUdern si
    , quid ex meo
    rneo iudicio
    iud.cio in
    hanc
    velirnus. Equidem
    hane quaestionem
    30 attuli,
    a.ttuli, non
    11 Aristotelem
    AStotelen damnans,
    dannans, non
    pro Plethone contendens id feci,
    sed Platonis opinioni
    ex eiusdern
    eiusdem pbilosopbi tods
    locS ac principiis
    prindpiis arguens
    favi. nihilominus
    fa.vi,
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    alternn, hoc est Aristotelern,
    Aristotelem, et admirans
    admrans semper et
    1audans.
    laudans. Sed de his ha.ctenus.
    hactenus.
    Caput VII.
    .
    3l>

    Ad id autem,
    autern, quod Georgius rogat, an
    < idem esse mentern
    mentem et naturam
    natura 7,
    dicamus, ita. respondendum censeo non
    idem esse, sed diversum.
    diversurn. AlteAIte-

    ....

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    130

    BESSARIONIS

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    "*"

    131

    DE
    NATURA ET
    ARTE.

    I"Ilm
    um enim separatum,
    -sepan.tum, alterum non
    .separatum est, atque altenIm
    altenJrn movet.
    alterum movetur. Natura etenim
    aiterum
    denim ita movet, ut nisi a mente sive
    5ive
    intellectu illo moveatur, non
    moveat.
    Quod etiam
    etam ip.se
    ipse Aristoteie$
    Aristoteies
    motus, non
    qua
    quo moveat, sed quo
    docet, cum naturam esse principium motu-s,
    qu o quiescere faciat, sed quo quiescat, ex6 movea tur,
    tuT, et quietis, non
    .
    ponit. tQuamobrem Tes
    res naturales,
    natuales, inquit, non
    a .se ipsis
    p5s dicuntur
    moveri. Possunt
    Passunt enim et se ipsas sistere, si
    $ se possent movere.t Et
    albi: .Utpote
    ,Utpote eum
    cum natura, inquit, sit
    -sit pncipium
    alibi:
    principium et causa, qua res
    moveatur et quiescat
    quieseat . Itaque PIato
    Plato flaturam
    naturam idoneam dicit esse ad
    10 motum ordinemque recipiendum, et hac $ua
    sua aptitudine invitare
    iovitare sibi
    causam, quae exornet et moderetur et ordinet.
    Addo, quodsi anima di ffert a natura. Sunt enim omnia animata
    aoimata 1~
    natu ralia, .sed non
    ornnia naturalia
    naturala animata sunt. Animata autern
    omnm a se ipsis rnoventur. Naturalia autern nequaquam per se
    -se rnoveri
    I5Aristoteles testatur: ,dnanimatorurn,
    Inanimatorurn, inquiens, flUlJi
    nulJi inesse videmus,
    15Aristoteles
    unde principum
    prineipium motus sit. Sequitur, ut natura esse non
    possit
    principiurn motus,
    , quo seiHeet
    -scilicet moveat. Nam quo moveatur, principium
    esse iam
    iarn diximus. Placet
    Plaeet haec
    haee .sententia
    .sententa :magna
    rnagna ex parte expositoribus
    Aristotelis in rebus inanimatis,
    Aristoteli$
    inanmatis, quae prope
    proprie n aturaIes
    aturales dicuntur, qualia
    quaIia
    20 sunt simplida
    simplcia corpora. In
    animatis autem
    autern dupIex
    duplex ratio est. Quatenus
    enim ipsa animata res sunt naturaJes
    naturales - corpu.
    corpuso; enim naturaIe
    naturale eorpori
    copori
    animato subiectum est, quando anima actus est corporis natura1is
    naturalis ea quoque naturam habent, quae principiurn motus sit, non
    quo movernoveant, sed quo moveantur.
    rnoveantur. Quatenus autem
    autern res sunt animatae,
    anmatae, naturam
    25 et habent, quae principium sit, quo moveant, quamquam eo modo,
    mndo,
    ut nisi ab alio
    !
    al moveantur, minime moveant. AIterurn
    Alterum igitur est, quod
    moveat naturam,
    naturarn, quod proprie causa efficiens motus rerum
    rerurn naturaliurn
    n.a.turalum
    dicitur, idque a natun.
    natura diversum. Quod sive universam naturam sive
    mentem aut formam
    fOrn1it1 libeat appeJlare,
    appellare, controversia de nomine est.
    30 Sensus idem .servari potest, et sive
    Sve plura eiusmodi sint sive unum,
    nihil ad hanc
    hane quaestionem
    quaestionern interest, quamquam Georgius multitudinem
    deorum P1atori
    Platori obiicit, quasi Aristoteles plures esse deos negarit,
    negat, cum
    totidem dixerit
    dXerit inteJligentias
    intelligentias esse,
    e!iSe, quae movent,
    rnovent, quot caelos, qui moventur. Commune prorsus hoc erimen
    tUf.
    cnen Platonis
    P1atonis atque Aristotelis
    Aristotels est, si
    36nomina
    3nmn a sequi, non
    .o;ententlam
    sententiarn volumus. Nam primum quidem, quod
    causa suprema et a nu110
    1l0 dependens est, nec
    nce a PIatone,
    Platone, nec
    nce ab Aristotele
    in
    plura secatur.
    seeatur.

    9 41"<
    4:

    TI
    M)
    )

    V
    V ""' ...,

    7 cl.
    <,. Ar;.t.
    ;~. Phys. & 4-6. 2'4b-26Q
    234b-26Qo.
    . ,g2b,
    ".
    . 8 AriIt.
    Arin. PhY'. 11 I.
    '92b, 21 "I.
    16 Ariot.
    Adlt. De
    Oe Caelo
    C.elo ~.
    II~. ~84b. 33 "-0
    <1.0 cI.
    cl. Ari.t.
    ;~. Metaph.
    Met.ap". C 1. loUb.
    I033b. 3~sqq.

    ,.'0

    132

    BESSARIQNIS

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    133

    DE NATURA
    NTR ET
    RTE.
    ARTE.

    Venun natura causa quoque eHiciens


    dicitur. Quicquid
    QucqUd enim.
    efCidens esse didtur.
    fit, id ex aliquo fit
    subiecto, potentia id sub5tans,
    substans, quod futurum est,
    et ab agente actu
    aetu substante efficitur. Itaque si
    s naturam eorum, quae
    generant,
    geneant, cogitas, natura
    natum profecto agit actu
    aetu substans, sive primum
    r. generans accipis, sive secundum, quod Aristoteles
    Arstoteies virtutem,
    Vrtutem, natura.m
    naturarn
    et pncipium
    principium pmnum
    primum mandatum appellavit.
    appdlaVt. Nam id quoque agendi
    agend
    obtinet
    obtnet faeultatem.
    facultatem. Aetu
    Actu enim a1iquid
    aliquid est agitque virtute, quam
    immediate a generante accepit. Quamobrem turn
    tum eoncausa,
    concausa, hoc est
    comes aut consors causa, tum instrumentalis
    nstrumenta1is causa dictum est, utpote
    10quod
    toquod aliis
    alis plerisque interpositis causis ac
    ae postremo superiori et omnium
    causae serviat.
    Nec propterea sequitur, quod Georgius censet, ut a re mobili'
    mobli '
    separari simpliciter debeat. Dum erum
    enm ab ea re mobiH,
    mobili, quam moveat,(- gr.8,4)
    g:r.8,4)
    separetur, satis est ad moventis
    movents movendaeque lei
    Iei necessariam
    necessaam separatisearatilroonem.
    tr.onem. Separatur igitur movens natura a natura eius, quod movetur,
    sed non
    a simplicitate mobili natura. Sive enirn
    enim agens, sive patiens,
    eum
    cum re mobili
    rnobiH eoniuneta
    coniuncta est, quamquam altera
    a1tera movetur, quatenus
    mobilis est, altera movet, non
    quatenus mobiIis,
    mobilis, sed quatenus motiva
    motva
    activaque
    m subiectum aliquid esse oportere et semper in
    aetivaque est. Omnino
    2{l
    2{1 subiecto naturam esse AristoteIes auctor est. Quin etiam theologi
    theoIog
    religionis nostrae, et praesertim Latini,
    religionls
    Latin, qui
    auctoritatem Aristotelis
    pluris
    pIuris quam eeteri
    ceteri faciunt
    faciunt,, naturam tamquam instrumentum
    instrurnenturn refern
    refei
    ad deum pmumque
    primumque agens procuJdubio
    proculdubio voluerunt, atque ob eam causam rationalis naturae proprium esse finern
    finem respicere, utpote eum
    cum se
    ~ ipsa
    - ducat ad
    finem. Irrationalis
    Irationalis autem,
    autern, quoniam a1iunde
    aliunde ducitur,
    peculiare esse,
    ut ad finem
    linem apprehensum inconsideratumque moveatur.
    Siquidern
    Siqudem omnia, quae sine
    Sne mtione
    ratione sunt, moveri ad finern
    finem partieularem
    particuIarem
    a voIuntate
    voluntate a1iqua,
    aliqua, quae se ad finern
    fjnem universalem extendat, eum
    eurn scilicet, qui
    ad voluntatem divinam refertur. Quae eum
    cum ita dicant,
    dcant, nibil
    30 advenus
    adversus Aristotelem
    Astotelem did
    dici arbitrantur, immo
    inmo vero maiores propositiones
    suas ad eum
    euro referunt. Sie
    Sic nos, quae proponimus, demonstramus et
    tot tamque eruditorum
    eruditorom virorum opinioni
    consentanea loquimur.
    Ioquimur.

    m:pl'Ap'''''''U),1)
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    16
    S6 Aritt.
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    17 Arist.
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    8 aq. I 17 cl.
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    8. 199&,301'1
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    I,. )

    126

    11

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    2s.'5b,

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    TOU-o

    DE NATURA
    NTR ET
    ARTE.

    '"

    Illud autem praevalidum et paene inexplicabile


    nexpticabile Georgii
    Georgi argumen
    argurnen 5
    tum
    Naturam, inquit, si secundum opinionem nostram !
    ut in {... gr9.'
    turn est . Naturarn,
    stmmentum moveretur et moveret, prius esse actu necesse foret.
    strurnentum
    Quicquid enim ad aliquid movetur. potentia quidem id est, ad quod
    Iimovetur, sed actu
    6movetur,
    aetu aliud quiddam. Itaque naturam quoque aliquid
    alquid
    esse actu
    a.ctu oportet . Quid igitur
    gitur hoc
    boc S1t,
    sit, quaerit.
    quaet. Neque enim compositum
    materiarn,
    mateam, non
    formam.
    forman. Neutrum enim
    enm esse
    esse naturam dicit, non
    actu, antequam compositum
    cornpositum sit. Ego vero ita respondeo hoc a.rgumenargurnenturn
    tum imprirnis
    impns vitiosum esse, quia verti pa
    pari modo in
    eum,
    eurn, qui arguit,
    10 potest. Quid enim ipse esse naturam dicat, quam movere non
    negat,
    quamquam
    rnovere. ut moveatur.
    quarnquam esse causam instrumentalem et ita movere.
    negat ? Utrum aliquid
    alquid esse actu dicet, an nihiI?
    nihl? Quodsi nihil est actu.
    aetu.
    ne moveri
    me quidem potent.
    poterit. Prius
    Pus enim aliquid
    alquid esse quam agere una
    quaeque fes
    res intelligenda
    intellgend a est. Aliquid igitur actu naturam ipsam
    ipsarn esse
    15 necesse est, si agere movereque debet. Quid ergo hoc erit? Utrum
    compositum, an materia, an forma? Pra.eterea
    Pra.elerea dico, quod movetur,
    aliquid
    alquid actu esse, priusquam {jat,
    fiat, quod potenta
    potentia est, ad quod tendit.
    Siquidem nulla materia
    matea eorurn,
    eorum, quae generantur aut corrumpuntur,
    coumpuntur,
    forma omnino privata est . Item. quod natura d uplex est;
    eonm,
    est: altera eorum,
    20 quae generant, quae proprie causa est efficiens eorum,
    eorem, quae generantur,
    generaItur,
    et tempore naturaque
    prior est quam res, quae generantur, actuque
    simpliciter est; altera
    altern in
    ipsis,
    psis, quae generantur, est, quae aut materia
    est aut forma, cuius causa agitur, quam etiam
    etiarn composito porem
    priorem esse
    fateor ratione atque natura.
    Caput VIII.

    Duplicern quoque esse naturam agentem Alexandro, Themistio


    Duplicem
    Tbemistio et 8,
    plerisque aliis
    aliS doctissimis
    doctSsimis viris et Aristotelicae disciplinae
    disciplnae expositoribus {placet :; primam, quam modo
    mod exposui, eorum quae generant; secundam,
    quae unicuique naturalium rerum inest et causa est eius motionJs,
    motionis,
    30quae ortus dicitur. Natura enim. !
    ut Aristoteles
    ArStoteles tradit. tribus
    tbus modis
    accipi potest: aut enim ut materia
    matea aut
    ut {ocma,
    forma, quae rationem et
    finem
    fn.em continet, aut quae generatio ortusque
    ortu5que vocatur, motio
    m quaedam
    et via tendens ad formam. Efficiens itaque huius
    generS viii,
    ,
    buius tertii generis
    quos modo nominavi. quartum
    quarturn addiderunt, quod referunt quidem ad

    S ilp''''!01
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    ....."

    2 Si"'plic.
    Sn!c. 111
    Phy.i:orum 11 22.,.
    m.Is 287. _ ,u
    . . ' 3 "'I'
    q. I 14 Arist.
    rst. Pb,...
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    "'1.117
    q. 17 G"or,. Trapez.
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    DE
    NATURA ET
    ARTE.

    137

    causam
    causan agentrm.
    agentrm, sed non
    primam remotJoremque.
    remotioremque, verum secundam
    et propinquiorem unicuique naturaIium
    naturaIiurn rerum demandatam.
    Hane Ale:xander alio etiam nomine appellans virtutem seu facul-_
    Hanc
    faeul-_
    tatem vocat
    oca et principium pmum
    primum mandatum materiae.
    materiae, quae tum
    turn (..
    " &<.\1.
    <\. 1)
    3)
    6 idipsum principium.
    principium, tum
    ea.
    ea, quae ab ipso proficiscuntur.
    proficiscuntur, recipit, id.que
    pncipium
    principium efficere ait,
    , quantum rei sibi detenninatum habuerit. Mox

    efficit, tum
    turn ilIud aliud. Atque ita
    subinde pervenitur
    id effectum aliud efficit.
    usque ad finem et
    ct formam naturalem.
    naturalern, euius
    cuius principium id erat, quod
    quoll
    pmo
    primum fuerat materiae mandatum,
    mandaturn, et ita per successum pergitur,
    10 donec res similis ei,
    ci, quo mandatum
    rnandatum est.
    est, conficitur idemque aut
    ! specie
    speie
    redditur aut
    genere.
    Avicenna Arabs hoc idem
    idern virtutem
    irtutem rebus inditam
    inditarn vocat ex simili'
    sirnili'
    simile
    5imile procreantem. Doctores nostrae reIigionis, tam
    tarn Graeci quam
    quarn ( - gr. \.
    \I. 4)
    Latini, rationes
    raUones spennaticas
    spenna.ticas vim illam nuncupant.
    nuneupant. lta constat na.tura.m
    naturam
    IISaliquam causam
    16aliquam
    ca.usan esse eorum.
    eorurn, quae generantur,
    genera.ntur. inditam, demandatamdem.andatamque subiecto. Sed quoniam talis
    talls natura anceps et dubia est, tum
    turn enim
    formam, tum
    turn materiam praefert, ut materiale
    n1ateriale quoddam agens dici
    dicl
    possit - quod namque subinde prae:S$erit,
    praoocserit, id vclut
    velut materia
    ma.tea subcitur
    subicitur
    sequenti
    sequent et de imperfectiori
    irnperfectiori ad perfectius itur, utputa.
    utputa granum germen
    20 emittit.
    emittit, germen culmurn.
    culmum, culmus spicam
    spica.m - , sequitur ulterius
    ultenus quaerendam esse aliquam causam, eam
    earn videlicet,
    idelicet, quam generantium esse
    naturam di:xirnus,
    di:ximus, quae causa proprie agens sit,
    5 , euius
    CUiU5 virtute
    irtute natura
    altera in iis.
    iis, quae generantur, simul et fit
    et agit.
    ag:it. efficiens simul et efficienda ab alio
    a.lio et ad aliud. Rcmotiores
    Rcmotores etiam et perpetuae ca.usae
    causae
    25 ulterius
    ultenus repetendae sunt, quarum respectu
    respetu propinquior baec dici potest.
    Ergo causam esse hanc
    hane naturam
    naturarn ffiihi
    mihi eum
    cum adversario convenit.'
    convenit.
    Sed praecipuane an non
    praecipua causa sit, Dune
    nunc eum interrogo. E(
    Et( - IJ'".\I.~)
    lJ'"'\l.~)
    certe non
    ita
    Ha desipit,
    ut praecipuam hanc
    hane esse confirrnet. Superest
    igitur, ut secundo 1000 habeatur et concausa sit
    sit., quod instrumen talem
    30causam dicimus. Quid nisi
    is !gitue
    ig natura causa instrumentalis erit?
    et?
    Afferam, quae Simplicius de hoc genere naturae e:x:ponit, ne.Georgium
    videar
    idear sine testibus condemnare. Causa, inquit, ea quoque natura
    est agens. Sirnul
    Simul enim
    eim et fit
    fi et agi t aptitudo quaedam sub
    substan
    stan s~ formaefonnaeque appetens, quae concausa Dominanda
    nomina.nda est, quoniam
    quonam causw;
    causru; ante se
    35 alias
    alas habet, tum
    turn propinquiores, tum
    turn superiores..
    superes. Fieri namque res
    naturales Aristoteles
    stteles quoque sexta
    sexto de divinis
    divinS rebus libro
    lbro testatur.

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    139

    OE
    NATURA
    NAURA EY
    ARTE.

    Omne autem, quod fit,


    Ornne
    , causam suae generationis habere nemo
    m mentis
    compos negaverit. Dabitur igitur
    gitur natura generantis in
    anima1ium
    animalium
    genere ac omnino
    omno paterna aut materna natura actus substaos,
    substans, in
    n
    pIants
    ro natura seminis et terrae. Fonna enim
    m praeest in
    patre
    pIantis vero
    'et
    6et matre atque in
    rationibus, quae actu insunt in
    terTa,
    tera, post quas ea,
    quae potentia sunt. ad actum proveniunt. Ulterius etiam
    am motus
    aetemorum et volubilium corporum datur. Etenim .homo
    thomo hominem
    generat et soIc,
    sole, ut Aristoteies
    Aristoteles inquit. Item ulterius
    uIterius rationes sitae in

    anima ordinantur, cum etiam causa ea ipsa anima superior habetur


    10 mens
    m> eximia,
    xma. fonnaeque intellectuales, hoc
    hot est ideae, ex
    quibus >
    primis
    delibatur
    delbatur omnibus lux
    Iux formalis ro
    pro natura et aptitudine
    aptitudne recipientis.
    Haec Simplicius.
    Quibus consentanea etiam
    etam Proclus in
    eo
    !ibro,
    Ibro, qui theologica
    theologca J
    6)
    institutio
    nstitutio inscribitur, tradit.
    tradit, necnon latinus ille
    auctor, qui de causis
    causS ("l!c.9.
    (" IIC.9. 6
    )
    t scribit, quem La.tini.
    t:i
    LaHni. quamvis
    quamvS Aristotelern
    Aristote1em magna
    nagna ex
    parte sequantur.
    sequantur,
    m
    m quattuor haec ex
    Platonis
    PlatonS ~ntenta
    pturimi tamen
    tarnen faciunt.
    laciunt. Ab his enirn
    ~ntentia
    enumerantur: mens.
    mens, anima, caelum, natura. Quapropter si natura
    eius, quod fit,
    ft, agens efticiensque dicatur, ita eorum
    eofUm sententia agens
    erit, ut etiam ipsa
    sa Hat.
    a . Proprie
    ro autem
    autern agens natura eius
    > est, quod
    20tale est actu. Natura quippe productva
    productiva rei similis
    simlis est. Haec autem
    autern
    generantis
    generantS est propinqua, ut dictum est, actu suhstans, ex qua rationes
    seminariae decernuatur
    decernuntur moventes, quod
    qud fit, donec fonnam recipiat.
    recipat.
    Ut enim
    dilucidius loquar. aliter
    alter de generatione secundum sub-.
    stantiam,
    stantam. quae et
    ipsa motus quamquam improprie
    dicitur, cogitandum (( -- $<.9.1)
    ' 9.1)
    ~est quam de motu proprie dicto, hoc
    hot est secundum qualitatem,
    qualitatern, quantiquant
    tatem et
    locum. Nam in
    his nihil fortasse prohibet, ne inditum in
    trinsecus habeatur principium.
    principium, quo augeantur.
    augeantur, alterentu.r.
    alterentur. deferantur,
    idemque sit agens et atiens.
    patiens, quamquam non
    secundum idem, sed
    parte a1ia
    pa.rte
    alia agat, alia patiatur. Quemadmodum et animalia
    animala moveri
    mover ex
    30se dicimus 00, quod aliqua parte movent, aliqua
    alqua moventur. Quantitas enim
    cubitalis,
    cubita1is. cum iam receperit
    receerit formam, augere se ipsam potest
    principium iam habens intrinsecus augendi atque ita
    jta moveri otest.
    potest.
    Simili modo in
    ceteris motibus agitur. Nam grave et
    leve,
    , eum
    m a1terum
    alterum
    gravitatem, alterum levitatem tamquam fonnam
    gravjtatem,
    fonam habuerit, alterum
    35 sursum.
    sursum, alterum doorsum se ipsum movet, quamquam velle Aristote1es

    99 habetur]
    habetur 1 sie
    s;c """"a..
    /""" ..ab.
    9 lI"o(')"I"U(oil
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    . TC
    c I 43 OI~ V ..
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    ]

    5 cf. Arist. Phyo. 11


    2. '9-ta.
    '9-tA. 11
    8. Ig8a. I 43 cf. Simplic.
    Sinplc. l ..
    u Pbysl<:.
    Pbys1<:. I 9 ..,.
    ...
    1)
    Di.l.
    l. ~'o---ot'2.

    140

    BRSSARlONIS
    BRSSRIONIS

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    II.1.

    DE NATURA ET
    ARTE.

    141

    videtur motus hosce in


    rebus inanimatis et propie
    proprie naturalibus,
    natuJ'al.bus, qualia
    simplicia corpon
    corpora sunt, extrinseeus
    extinse<:us esse. et plribus
    pluribus rationibus hoc
    ostendit,
    ostendt, sicut supradictum est. Causam enim,
    enm, quae formam induxerit
    indwerit
    et esse reIn
    ;em fecerit, quam esse extrinsecus ait, motus quoque rei
    {"e causam
    Ii esse arbitntur.
    arbitratur.
    Verum quaestio de hac re non
    VeI"Um
    modo inter
    inte-r diveJ"Sas
    diversas sectas, verum 1
    etiam inter eiusdem Aristotelicae
    Aistote1icae sectae studiosos oritur. Aliis enim
    enm (-g-r.g, 8)
    simplicia corpora
    co> per se moveri pla.cet et in
    se principium motus ha.bere,
    habere,
    alii non
    no ex se, sed ab alio et extrinsecus moveri opiaantur.
    opinantur. At vero
    10de
    tode motu, qui genern.tioni
    generationi secundwn substantiam tribuitur, nemo est,
    qui causam propriam esse extrinsecus neget. Nullo
    Nullol res enim secundum
    idem et generat et generatur, et emcit
    efficit et effIcitur,
    efficitur, et movet et movetur.
    Ita enim
    enm eadem res eadem esset potentia et actu, quod impossibile
    est. Quippe non ignis, oon
    non aqua, noo
    non ul1a
    ulla alia res sive animata sive
    15
    111 inanlmata
    inanimata se ipsam generat, sed quod potentia ignis est, ab .igne
    igne actu
    substante extrinsecus ad ignem
    gnem actu producitur.
    Quo facto

    facta opinio
    illa exstat ignem a se ipso posse suuum
    sursum moveri. ltaque in genere
    quoque animatorurn
    anmatorum ita emd
    effici creditur, ut natura, quae rei particulais
    particularis
    generatur, hoc est mandaticia illa prima sive virtus sive facuitas,
    facultas, a
    20natura generantis s.c
    ac producentS,
    producentis, quae actu est, generetur et producatur.
    Quae
    Qus.e s.utem
    autern ost
    post sequuntur, ab ipsa
    sa iam generata natura, quae virtus
    quaedam vitalis et primum principium et actu aliquid sit, moveantur
    et fiant, donec
    done<; ad ostremum
    postremum fonnole
    fonnoe deveniatur, resque aut genere
    aut specie similis
    smilis exsistat. Itaque efficia.tur,
    efficiatur, ut partim extrinsecus,
    extrnsecus,
    2lipartim
    2lipartm intrinsecus fiat et moveatur, quod secundum substantiam
    substantam gig.
    nitur.
    Constat hoc idem planius Aristotelis verbis, quibus usum eum legi-.
    leg-.
    mus, cum de quattuor causis loqueretur. Siquidem causam unde (( -- /fI".g,g)
    rg,g)
    principium motus a causa formali distinguit,
    dstinguit, rationali
    ratonal et quidita1i.
    quiditali.
    00 Quodsi proprie natura
    natum compositi fonna eius et quiditas est, hoc autem
    diversum est causae genus ab eo ipso,
    so, unde motus fie-ri
    lieri oon
    non potest.
    potest,
    ut compositi
    comp;itj forma sit causa movens generationis
    geerationis eius compositi, sed
    unde principium motus. id generationem agat, necesse est, quod diverswn a fonna est, hoc est natura compositi. Hoc igitur
    igtur proprie natura
    $3 ipsius est generantis
    generants extrinsecus et simpliciter
    smpliciter actu substans. atque

    10 Adst.
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    Phyoo.

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    SINOIHVSS3ff

    ".'"

    DE NATURA
    ET
    .
    ARTE.

    143

    etiam, quod ex
    eo
    ipso mandatum est, ncum
    vrtusque
    principium pmm
    primum virtusque
    naturalis, quae et ipsa natura vocatur, ut dictum est. Movet
    ! haec
    quidem intrinsecus
    intrinseeus et actu aliquid est, sed ita, ut ex
    generante pmo
    prima
    dependeat
    dependeat..
    Ii'
    Atqui dicet Georgius sequi ex praedictis formam compositit
    naturam non
    esse, quando generationis ipsius compositi pri.ncipium
    principium (-1".9.10)
    esse non
    dicitur. Etenim fonna compositi generationem consequitur.
    Facilis quidem
    quidern est ad ist~ responsio, quamquam
    quarnquam numquam inteUigere
    intelligere
    prineam adversarius potuit. 5iquidem fonna, quamvis unde motus 10cipium non
    sit, tamen
    tarnen est principium, ut finis
    Inis et cuius causa agitur.
    Quod quidem ro
    proprie cum
    principium est. Sic
    Sie enim rop
    proprie nominare solemus,
    ut elementa siot
    sint materia
    matea et
    fonna, causa unde motus priocipium,
    principium,
    finis idem sunt, ut Jesque
    plerisque in
    locis
    iocis apud
    finis.
    linis. Quodsi forma et
    Aristotelem
    ASolm Iegimus, {orma
    forma ipsa
    ut !iois
    finis principium est. Verum GeorGoor15 gius nulle
    pacto rationem hanc potest probare, sed arguit contra
    Theodorum deducens illud absurdum, quod idem sit et non
    sit
    5it
    per
    contradictionem, si
    5 forma ulJo
    ullo modo ro
    pro fine
    intelligatur.
    Quam
    rern deridendam
    rem
    dededam potius Theodorus existimavit, quam verbis refutandam. Coincidere etiam in
    n idem tres illas
    causa5,
    causas, formarn,
    fomam, finern
    fnem
    20et unde motus, apud eundem legimus
    Jegimus auctorem. rtaque si
    5 unde motus
    nciurn
    principium et
    natura est, sic
    sie forma quoque ncum
    principium est et
    natura.
    Addo, quod fonna
    forma cium
    principium est, quo res moveatur motibus ro
    proprie
    dictis, quod satis est, !
    ut statuatur formam et
    esse et vocari naturam.
    Id Aristotelis
    AristotelS quoque sententia manifestum est, qui !ibro
    libro Sttundo de
    25 naturalibllS
    naturalibus rebus, dum ostendere
    ostedere nititur
    res naturales motllS
    motus quietisque
    ncium
    principium in
    se habere, motuum roe
    proprie dictorum exemplo utitur
    auctionis, alterationis. delationis,
    delationS, generationem vero
    omnino raetet.
    praeterit.
    Quodsi quando generationem
    geIIeratioIJem quoque ad naturam
    naturarn referens Aristoteles I'
    .
    naturalem vocat mutationem,
    naturaJem
    rnutationern, quandoquidem naturalis et secundum (-8""9.,,)
    (-8""9.")
    naturalbus libm
    libro ostenditur, non

    3<lnaturam est. ut quinto de rebus naturalibus


    tarnen ita hoc
    tamen
    hoe intelligendum est, quasi generatio ro
    proprie a principio
    re sit, quae generatur. Etenim duobus
    duobu5 modis res naturalis
    naturalS
    fiat, quod in
    dicitur aut tamquam principium, quod in
    re,
    , quae mutatur, insit, cui
    :es violenta artificiosaque
    artficiosaque opponitur, aut quod via naturae COD$ueta
    consueta
    res
    35 fiat, cui res divinitus acta sive casus ex adverso constituitur. Generatio
    itaque hoc
    hoe secundo modo, non
    prno
    primo dici naturalis potest. Haec doctissi-

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    '"
    morum virorum sententia est. Sic
    Sie nos ab illis
    iltis accepimus.
    aeeepimus. Quod latius
    DE NATURA ET
    ART.
    AR'I'E.

    hoc loco eensuimus


    censuimus explieandum,
    explcandum, ut
    quaestionis determlnatio
    determinatio dilucidior fieret.
    Caput IX.
    .
    Gaput
    Ii

    At
    Georgius non
    modo contra P1atonis
    Platonis sententiam disputat,
    dsputat ,9
    9
    sed
    se<! etiam Hesaiam,
    Hesa.am, ad quem seribit,
    scbt, hortatur,
    ut doctrinam Platonis(
    PlatoniS("gT
    .. g . o)
    eontemnat
    contemnat ac pro nihilo
    nihlo habeat. Optat praeterea ei, ne huius philosophi
    disciplnam imbibat. Quod equiderr> non
    admiror. Sic
    mreca.
    disciplinam
    Sie enim imprecari
    bona amicis Georgius consuevit.
    oonsuevit.
    10
    Illud vero imprimis
    I1lud
    mms risu dignum est, quod;
    quod:
    _Te,, inquit, amicum
    amieum
    patmur
    quem nos nullo pacto sequi
    non
    patimur Platonem
    Platonern admodum sequi, quern
    voluimus.' Quod perinde est, ac si diceret;
    diceret: Te
    enim amicum non
    patimur aliquid scire,
    cum nos nihil sciamus. Atqui non
    ita sentiunt
    seire, eurn
    doctissimi viri,
    , qui post PIatonem
    Asia quam
    Platonem atque Aristotelem tam
    tarn in
    16 in
    Europa claruere, quos longe plures esse oonstat,
    constat, quam ut hoc 10co
    enumerari possint. Nemo sane inter eos est, qui non admiretur AristoArSto
    oolat
    m, non
    telern,
    colat venereturque P1atonem.
    Platonem. Nam ut Graeoos
    Graecos praeteream.
    praeteream,
    nonne
    M.
    . Tullius
    Tul!us Platonem omnibus 10C1S
    Iods mirum in
    modurn extollit
    ?
    ?
    Quod ignora
    gra ri
    a Georgio profecto
    profccto turpissimum est, cum se Ciceronis
    20 aemulum {a.ciat. Augustinus vero.
    vero, inter
    doctores nostrae re1igionis sapientissimus,
    tssimus, Platonem quidem supra e,eteros omnes philosophos admiratur.
    Boethius etiam philosophiae studiosssimus Platonis disdplinam
    disciplnam praed.icat, eamque usque adeo sequitur, ut in
    cat.
    !ibro,
    libro, quo opus Aristotelis
    AStotelis 1tcpl
    c
    I:p.,.1'j-":(ov;;
    l:"l'j"";; expos uit. muIta
    multa in
    quibus dissentire a Platone Aristote1es
    25videtur, nuUam
    nullam continere
    co discordiam po1lcitus
    pollidtus sit
    5 ostendere. Quid
    Albertum memorem, cui ob exceUentem
    excellentem inter
    recentiores philosophos
    doctrinam
    dctnam Magni oognomentum
    cognornentum fuit ? Hic
    .: quamquam
    quarnquam omnibus fere
    sttelem sequitur nihil enim tune
    .: P1atonicae
    disciplnae in

    locis
    Iocis Aristotelem
    Platonicae disciplinae
    latinam linguam conversum ha.bebatur
    habebatur - tarnen
    an vi
    quadam veritatis
    etats
    3Ocogitur laudare Platonem propter paucissima quaedam.
    quaedarn, quae ex libris
    ProcH
    rocl intel"pretata
    ntepretata perlegerat. Haque neminem
    nemnem posse in
    phlosophia.
    philosophia
    perfectum esse fatettJf,
    fatetUf, Ilisi
    nis! se utriusque philosophi doctrina excoluerit
    excluet
    et
    tam Platonis quam Aristotelis
    Ari5totel5 sententiam diligenter
    dligenter secutus
    5eCutus philosophetur. Georgins
    Georgius vero longe aliter sentit et
    disciplinam Platonis

    35 Bot..-;
    "-.-; M

    Bo~ v

    li
    5 A.dlt.
    ..t. Phyt.
    Phy:. f!."
    f!. "nb,
    '93b. 1-4.
    I~. 25 G eo Tg.
    rg. Tn.p. Ep.
    . Ad Hesai&m. k*1W_ .<>6,
    .06,
    I)
    ) "'I.
    "'. 32 cf. eie.
    Cic. Orat. 19. De orat. I 11. 11.
    17. Brut. 31. 111..,.
    ..,. I 32.
    u. IX
    De tin.
    i. V 3.
    34 cf. Aug. eontra
    Contra lulian.
    luIan. V ' }.
    S. IX
    De clv.
    "'. dei 8, 4. 12.
    '2. '3.

    MoloI
    _! ...
    htdIDal
    &tdIaI _ _ IIL
    UL

    "

    ,..
    W

    BESSARIQNIS

    fli ..

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    AI1JerI , M
    Met_pb
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    A .. Btw"."
    Btw"." VI
    .
    p. J13 .

    DE NATURA
    NTR ET
    ARTE.

    14'

    spemendam vituperandamque existimat. Sed utinam ver1tatem


    vetatem aliatiquando intelligat. InteUiget
    JnteUiget autem, eum
    cum nosse se ipsum poterit. Nos
    autem admiremur
    admremur quidem Aristotelem,
    Arstotelem, admiremur
    admremur etiam Platonem
    et ex utusque
    utriusque disciplina, quantum possumus, fructum
    fruetum haurire cones5 mur, Georgium et qui Georgio similes
    smiles sunt, cum eorum moribus relinquentes.

    BE5SARIONI5
    BESSARIONIS NICAENI
    ADVERSUS PLETHONEM
    ADVERSU5
    PLETHQNEM
    DE SUBSTANTIA.
    5UB5TANTIA.
    Die nachfolgenden Ausffihrungen
    Ausfhrungen Bessarions, ein ""loses
    Ioses Blatt, keine
    kene
    Abhandlung", richteten sich an Theodoros Gazes,
    Gates, um ihn zu einer ErEr
    widerung an Plethon zu veranlassen. Plethon hatte in
    seiner Schrift
    5chrift
    "De Platonis et Aristotelis
    ArStotelS philosophiae differentia" (nEpt
    ( &\1
    & r-o
    'Apurro~
    ~'I)c; n:pQc;
    C;
    Q; m.,x,'r!IJ1/a.
    . Iha;'fIlpETcu,
    8lo, bei Migne, PG 160, 889-932) die
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    Unterschiede zwischen
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    hierbei zugunsten Platons ausgesproclIen.
    ausgesprochen. 1m
    Im 4.
    4 . uncl
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    er
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    5ubstanz. und All
    !
    Verhltnis zu
    den Einzeldingen (d
    (.. ltW),ou,
    &,
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    Tb
    ltTIi
    i fdpoc;)
    io;) abgeIehnt.
    abgelehnt. So
    50 sehr Bessarion seinen Lehrer Plethon
    und iiber
    ber ihn hinaus Platon selber schii.tzte,
    schtzte, so
    50 war er doch hiermit
    nicht einverstanden. Deswegen sollte nun
    Gazes den Aristoteles
    ArStoteles verteidigen oder.
    oder, was Bessarion noch mehr entsprach, die .;Obereinstim"bereinstimmung der heiden
    beiden antiken Philosophen" aufweisen. Vgl. dazu Allatius
    De Georgiis
    GeorgiS .
    p. 387, femer
    ferner meinen Band I 393 f.
    Die Schrift ist in
    folgenden Handschriften iber!iefert:
    berliefert:
    Mare. gr. 527.
    5:, fol.
    l. 45-45"=
    45-45"= M.
    .
    a) Venedig, Cod. Marc.
    b) Venedig, Cod. Marc.
    Mare. gr. 589,
    589. fol.
    62---62".
    6---62 .
    cl Rom, Cod. Vat. gr. 1428, fol. 66"----6J.
    c)
    66"----6].
    d) Rom, Cod. Vat. gr. 1393, fol.
    87-87 vV
    el
    ) Rom, Cod. Ottobon.
    Qttooon. gr. 27, fol.
    84 .........a5.
    --85.
    f)
    ) Florenz, Bibl.
    BibI. Laur. Plut. 10. Cod. gr. 14, fol.
    69-69".
    g)
    ) Mailand.
    Maland, Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr. Cod. gr. P
    lI9
    9 sup.
    sup. 101. 34- 35".
    h) Mailand, Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr. [5Ql
    [SQl Cod. gr. TI.
    . 6, fol.
    l. 25-26".
    i)
    ) Mn
    Minchen,
    c hen, Cod. Mon.
    . gr. 27. fot
    84 .........a5
    --85..
    ii.lteste Niederschrift bietet die bekannte Sammelhandschrift
    5ammelhanclschrift
    Die lteste
    Bessarions Cod. Marc.
    Mare. gr. 527. Auf ihr berIh!
    beruht auch die vorliegende
    Vergleich
    mit mehreren der weiter genannten HandErstausgabe. Ein
    schriften erweist, daB
    da es sich bei diesen durchweg um sptere
    spii.tere Abschriften hande!t,
    woh! die mannigfaltigsten
    handelt. die wohl
    manngfaltigsten Schreibfehler enthalten.
    er.thalten.
    aber keine Bereicherung fr
    fir den Text bieten.

    !; Nxc; !ho"Po

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    a... .

    150

    3ESSARIONIS ADVERSUS PLETHONEM DE SUBSTANTlA.


    3ESSARIONlS
    SUBSTANTIA.

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    THEDRl
    THEQDQRl GAZAE
    ADVERSUS PLETHONEM PRO ARISTOTELE
    DE SUB5T ANTIA.
    .

    Mit
    dieser Schrift kam Theodoros Gazes der Anregung nach,
    seiner Skizze /
    ;/ I(J"f~,l
    die Bessarion in
    np~ :~
    Td:~ ~G
    m.:Ij~c.lYG<; :
    Tl:CI~
    ApI(JTO"f~),l)
    Tl:cpl
    Tl:Cpt oa~
    oa!~ gegeben hatte. Gazes verteidigt hier Aristoteles gegen
    hieIt die Schrift fr
    einen Dialog zwischen
    Plethons Auffassung. L. Stein hielt
    Plethon
    Pletbon und Theodoros. Doch sind die dem Text vorgesetzten Namen
    leichteren EinfUhrung
    Schrit
    lediglich Stichworte zur
    Einfhrung des Lesers. Die Schrift
    war dem Mnch
    nch Hesaias gewidmet. Mit
    ihr wurden die nachfolgenden
    Auseinandersetzungen durch Michael Apostolios und Andronikos Kal1iKallistos eingeleitet.
    Die hier vorgelegte Er5tausgabe
    Erstausgabe beruht auf folgenden Handschriften:
    a) MaiIand,
    Mailand, Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr. [SQ] TI
    6, foL
    { 1-'] = T.
    .
    b) MaiIand,
    Mailand, BibI. Ambr. B
    141 sup. fol.
    { 1-40
    1-40 = B.
    .
    c) Mailand, Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr. F 88 sup. fol. 67-71
    67-'71. = F.
    BibI. Ambr. D'II8 in!.
    !. fol.
    l. 12S-I29Y
    25-29 = D.
    d) Mailand, Bibl.
    (Cod. chart. 15.2
    10,2
    saec. ex. vel XVI
    saec.
    15.2 X
    10,2 cm, 24101.
    24 fol. XV
    T
    .). Von fol.
    l. 24 an ist ein ungefihr
    ungefhr gleich groer
    groBer lnkunabeldruck
    Inkunabeldruck mit
    in.).
    Plethons fic
    :
    pl 11i"
    \l Ap\rI'ot;
    Ap\orl'o,"),~ npQc;
    fi)'&:no)"g.
    &:n.g. 8r.!"pcl
    8~g.opiPC"fll\ beigebun Stcke
    Sticke der Handschrift
    andschft (au3er
    den. Die einzelnen
    (auer der vorliegenden
    Theodoos' De fato,l ein Brief Bessarions an Gazes' und Bessarions
    noch Theodoros'
    c ou.nCU;S)
    ou.n:u;S) sind von
    verschiedener Hand geschrieben. Die Abhand_
    fiepl
    gescheben. Was
    lung Gares'
    sorgfltig geschrieben.
    Gazes' Adversus Plethonem
    PIethonem ist recht sorgfaItig
    Gite des Textes anlangt, steht T
    an er5ter
    erster Stelle. Vor allem bietet
    die Gte
    den Schlu
    SchluB der Abhandlung, den die iibrigen
    wegIassen.
    T
    brigen alle weglassen.
    (COO. chart. 32,5 X
    21,8 cm, 32 fol.
    {. XV
    saec. ex.) enthlt
    enthUt neben
    D
    vorlegenden Abhandlung noch die in
    diesen Streit gehrende
    gehrende
    der vorliegenden
    Schrift des Andronikos Ka1list0s4
    Kallist0s4 sowie die im Zusammenhang hierefe von
    Nikolaus Sekundinos und Bessarion,'
    Bessan,' schlieschlieBmit stehenden Briefe
    lch eine Streitschrift des Gemistos gegen Scholarios. In
    der Textgestalt
    Textgesta1t
    lich
    Schft kommt'B von
    allen Handschriften dem T

    der vorliegenden Schrift


    noch am nchsten,
    nachsten, zeigt aber auch Verschlechterungen .
    1

    S. unten S. 2]6.
    S. unten S. 17'.
    171.

    P
    i: ,I'Hos
    .. dons Briefe n.
    . 3j .
    I Re
    ne"'"Tiona
    ..nions Briflfe
    Briefe n.
    . ',
    I ..

    S. oben S. 148-J50.

    152

    THEODORI
    THEODORl GAZA
    GAZAE
    E ADVER
    ADVER$U$
    $U$ PLETHONEM DE SUBSTANTl
    SUBSTANTlA.
    A.

    F (Cod. chart. 21,7 X


    r4,5 cm, 356 fol. XV
    saec. ex.
    ex . vel XVI
    VI saec.
    .) entliilt
    entlilt eine Sammlung phiIosophischer
    philosophischer Schriften
    S:hften teils antiker,
    in.)
    teils by~tnischer
    by~tinischer Herkunft. 1m
    Im fraglichen Text zeigt F bedeutendere
    Verschlechterungen
    Venchlechterungen und Auslassungen, trgt
    t.i.gt aber auch einmal zur Ver
    besserung der ubrigen
    brigen bei.
    besseru1lg
    (COO. chart. fol.
    l. 1
    bis 122
    122:: 34,5 X
    23,2 cm;
    cm ; fol. 123 bis 160:
    D (Cod.
    18,2 cm; fol.
    161 bis 164: 34
    34,5
    ,5 X
    23,2 cm, XVI
    saec.) enthlt
    enthiilt
    28,3 X
    namentlich Schriften und Briefe von
    Theodoros Gazes
    Ga::es und Bessarion.
    Die Schrift des gesamten Kodex
    K OOex ist
    sehr unterschiedlich. D stellt die
    schlechteste Oberlieferung
    berlieferung dar.
    Die Olx.rliefenmg
    Olx.rliefeng des Textes erscheint im a
    allgemeinen
    llgemeinen mangelhaft.
    Mehrfach sind h:nsichtlich seiner Richtigkeit Bedenken
    Bed enk en am Platz, fal
    falls
    !s
    man nicht Flchtigkeiten
    Flich tgk eiteJl des Verfassers annehmen will.
    wll.
    Qber
    ber den Gang diescr schriftst
    schriftstellerischen
    ellerischen Fehde vgl.
    vg1. Band I 393 bis
    3. Ober Gaus'
    Gazes' LeOOn
    Leben und Schrilten : M.
    . Boivin,
    , La querelle des
    396.
    ph1osophes
    philosophes du quinzieme siocle: Memoires de litterature
    ltterature de l'Academie
    cademe
    des ]nscription
    ]nscriptions.
    s. rr
    (Paris 1736) P.7
    .7 15-729
    1 5-729 (enthiilt
    (enthlt teilweise OberOOOrsetzungen aus dem Briefwechsel Michaels und Be55arions). E.
    . Leg
    Legran
    ran d,
    Bibliographie Helll5nique
    e!lI5que I (Paris
    ( Pars 1885) .
    p. XXXI
    55. Die
    fraglichen
    Auseinandersetzungen
    usenanderset::ungen sind bei Legrand
    Leg rand (I
    ( .
    p. XXXVI) infolge der
    fehlenden Unterlagen vllig
    feh1enden
    oJlg irrig
    g da
    dargestellt.
    rgesteJlt. L. S tein,
    t e in, Der
    Hurnanist
    Humanist
    Theodor Gau.
    Gaza als Philosoph
    Philosopn:: Archiv fr
    i' Geschichte
    Gcschichte der Philosophie.
    II
    (Berlin
    (1 1889), S.
    5 .425-458.
    425- 458. --
    A.. Gercke,
    Ge r c k e, Theodoros Gazes. Festschrift Greifswald 1903. - Stein bietet in
    seinem Beitrag recht dankenswerte Angaben iiber
    ber Handschriften.
    H a ndschriften. Seine Einreihung
    E in reihung der fraglichen
    fraglchen
    Schriften,
    Schriffen , ihre zeitlche
    uitliche Ansetzung, ebenso ihre Anspruchnahme fr
    i
    diesen oder jenen Verfasser ist, wie Gercke zu
    :: mehreren Malen zeigt,
    ::eigt,
    beraus willkrlich
    iberaus
    willkirlch und abwegig, da Stein vun
    von diesen Schriften
    Schften nur

    die Oberschriften
    berschriften und al1enfa
    allenfalls
    lls einzelne
    e Stze
    Sii.tze gekannt hat. Gercke,
    der erstmals gru
    grndlich
    ndlich in
    den Stoff eingedrungen ist , wird durch die
    nachfolgenden Verffentlichungen
    Verffentlichungen und durch frher
    friher Gesagtes (Band I
    .
    f.
    ) fiberholt,
    berholt, au
    auch
    ch seine dort
    d ort gegebenen auszugsweisen
    359 ff., TI
    p. VTI
    Verffentlichungen aus Handschriften.
    Verffentlichungen
    Gedruckte Schriften von
    Gaus
    Gazes:: Tnstitutionis
    gramma ticae libri
    lb IV

    Institutionis grammaticae
    (die erste griechische Grammatik des
    d es Abendlandes) Basel 1540 u. .
    . Laudatio canis, bei Mig
    Migne
    ne PG 161,
    I6I, 985----9B8.
    985----98. - De origine Turcarum
    Turca rum
    ebd. 997-Ioo6.
    997- 1006. - Eine
    Beschreibung der Hagia Sophia bei I.
    . Fr.
    Boissonade,
    Boi
    sso nade , Anecdota Graeca e Codicibu.s
    Codicibus Regiis descripta. V (P
    (Paa ris
    :: B riefe bei Migne PG 161,
    1014. Boisso
    1883) .
    I6I, 1005lOo5-IOI4.
    p. 59. - Einzelne
    nade 1.
    l. c . V 377
    37755.
    55. Th. Klette , Beitrge
    Beitrii.ge zur Geschichte und Litteratur
    der italienischen Gelehrtenrenaissance III
    Greifswald IB90.E.
    8>. . Legran
    Legrand.
    d,
    Cent--d.ix
    Cent--dix lcttres
    lettres grecques de Frano;ois Filelfe. Paris 1892, .
    p. 329 5.<;.
    s.<;.
    Vgl.
    !. aucb
    auch vorliegenden Band
    Band;; Briefe.
    e.

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    89'

    MICHAELIS APOSTOLII
    AD THEODORI GAZAE PRO ARISTOTELE DE SUBSTANTIA
    ADVERSUS PLETHONEM OBIECTIONES.
    Mit dieser Schrift wandte sich Michael ApostoJios
    Apostolios gegen Theodoros
    Gazes. Ohne die leiseste Ahnung zu
    haben, wie Gazes zu
    seiner Dar~
    legung gekommen war, und in
    dem sicheren Vertrauen zu
    Bessarion,
    den er fr
    fir einen ausgesprochenen Platoniker hielt, verteidigte er Plethon
    Pie thon
    und lieB
    lie es an bitteren Worten gegen Gazes nicht fehlen. Wie das
    Begleitschreiben zeigt, glaubte Michael durch seine kiihnen
    khnen Schwert~
    streiche die Gunst des griechischen Kardinals und damit materielle
    Untersttzung
    Unterstitzung sich zu sichern.
    Das Begleitschreiben ist schon durch die Verffentlichung
    Verffentichung bei
    E
    . Legrand, Bibliographie He1Mnique
    HelMnique II
    (Paris 1885) P.240
    .240 bekannt.
    Es darf hier nicht fehlen . Vorliegende
    Vorlegende Erstausgabe der Abhandlung
    beruht auf folgenden Handschriften :

    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)
    e)
    )
    f)

    g)
    h)
    )
    j)

    k)

    Florenz, Bibl.
    BibI. Laur. Plut. 58 Cod. gr. 33, fot.
    l. 91---96
    91----96 = L.
    Mailand, Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr. Cod. F 88 Sup.
    5Up. foI.
    72-']9 v
    = F.
    Mailand, Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr. Cod. D .8
    u8 inf.
    . fol.
    . 13Iv13I-,
    1,P: = D.
    Mailand. Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr. Cod. I inf.
    . 95,
    95. fol.
    fo 1-'] = I.
    .
    Rom. Cod. Palat. gr.275,
    gr.275. fo1.
    17777-182
    182V = P.
    .
    Mnchen.
    Minchen. Cod. gr.77, fol.
    l. 165-170
    165-170. = Mn
    ..
    AuJ3erdem ist
    st sie in
    weiteren Handschriften fiberliefert:
    Auerdem
    berliefert:
    Rom. Cod. Barb. gr.84. fol.
    {. 73----96v
    73-- = B.
    .
    Mailand, Bibl.
    Bibt. Ambr. Cod. M
    SUP.
    sUP. 41, fol.
    9G---97 = M.
    .
    Escurial, Cod. gr.74 CE
    ( I :18), fol.
    I-IOV.
    :-0.
    Wien, Cod. Phil. gr. 69. fol.
    l. 1I - 10.
    IO.

    L (Cod. chart. 26,7 X


    20,5 cm, 157 fol. XV
    saec.) bietet, von

    wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen, einen


    einwandfreien Text.
    F (Cod. chart. 21,7 X
    14.5
    I4.5 cm, 356 lol.
    l. XV
    saec. ex. vel XVI
    saec.
    in.
    . vgl. oben S.
    S.152)
    I52) zeigt gegenber
    gegenuber L einige Fehler
    FehIer und Auslassuncen
    gen auf.
    oD (Cod. chart. 101.
    . 1I - 122: 34.5 X
    23,2 cm; fol.
    123-160:
    28.3 X
    18,2 cm ; fo1. 16I-164
    161-164 : 34.5 X
    23,2 cm, XVI
    5aec.
    saec. vgl. oben

    160

    MICHAELIS APOSTOLII
    APOSOLIl AD THEODORI OBIECTIONES.
    OBIECIONES.

    S. :1,52)
    XS2) hat noch mehr Verschlechterungen als F, wenn er auch im
    allgemeinen noch einen guten Text aufweist. D stammt wahrscheinlich aus F. D und F haben der Abbandlung
    Abhandlung das Begleitscbreiben
    Begleitschreiben
    Michaels an Bessarion vorangesetzt.
    I (COO. chart. :ro,s
    20,5 x 27,5 cm, 173 fol.
    XV
    saec. ex.) bietet zumeist
    de gleichen Lesarten wie L
    L und F. Zuweilen stimmt
    stmmt er aber auch
    die
    im Gegensatz zu diesen mit Mn
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    berein..
    (Coo. chart. 2:1,5
    2,5 X
    28,5 cm, 232 foL
    { XV
    saec. ex.) stimmt bis
    P
    einge Ausnahmen mit rberein.
    fiberein.
    auf einige
    Mn
    (Cod. chart. 23,5 x
    34,5 cm, 312 fol.
    { XVI
    saec.) bietet einen
    Auslassungen sind bei ilim
    ihm
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    verschlechterten Text. Fehler und AusIassungen
    sehr h3.ufig.
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    da Mn
    auf eine andere Vorlage als F
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    zurickgeht, kommt ihm einige Male besondere Beachtung zu.
    Joh. Jak.
    Jak. Fugger,
    Die Handschrift, geschriehen
    geschrieben im Auftrag von
    Kirchberg und WeiBenhorn,
    Weienborn, geborte
    gehrte urspinglicb
    ursprnglicb zur
    Grafen von
    Fuggerschen Bibliothek.
    Biblotbek. Vgl.
    Vg:&nd
    Band I 362 n.
    . 3 a.
    B
    (Cod. chart. 15,5
    IS,s X
    21 cm, 41 fol.
    XVI
    saec.) ist eine
    ene ganz spate
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    Abschrift.
    M
    (Cod. chart. 14,5 x
    20 cm, 208 fol.
    XVI
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    als
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    fiir die Bearbeitung des Textes nicht in Frage.
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    ".
    '"

    MICHAELIS
    MICHAELI
    S APOSTOLIl
    APQSOLH

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    MICHA.ELlS APOSTOLII
    MICHAEL1S
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    15 Theodor. Adv. Pletbone",


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    22 Theodor. Adv.

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    ANDRONICI CALLISTI
    DEFENSIO THEODORI GAZAE
    ADVERSUS MICHAELEM APOSTOLIUM.
    Mit
    dieser Schrift griff Andronikos Kallistos gegen die vorbervorhergegangene Verunglimpfung
    Verunglmpfung Theodors durch Micbaei
    Michael Apostolios
    Apostolos ein.
    Die bisber
    bisher noch ungedruckte Errterung
    Errterung hat
    bat bei neueren FOTSChern,
    Foschern,
    die
    we offensichtlich nur oberflchliche
    oberfIachlche Auszge
    Auszge kannten, eine weit auseinander gehende Beurteilung erfahren. L.
    L . Stein rhmte
    ilhmte sie. weil
    Andronikos damit
    damt "die Debatte aus dem Schlamm der persnlichen
    persnlichen
    Invektive hinaushob in
    die
    <lie Bahn rein sachlicher,
    sach1icber, streng phi1osopbischer
    philosophischer
    PoJemik".1 A.
    . Gercke nannte sie ein "Pamphlet voll
    l Schmhungen
    Schmihungen
    schlimmster Sorte".' Tatschlich
    Tatsachlich suchteAndronikos
    suchte Andronikos in den Sachverhalt
    philosophisch ein1.:udringen
    philosopbisch
    e:.:udringen und sagte
    sagfe dabei das tige
    Ntige 1.:ur
    :.:ur Ehrenrettung
    des Theodoros Gazes. Dal3
    Da er neben den sachlichen phi1osophischen
    philosophischen
    rrterungen es auch an
    recht groben AusHillen
    Errterungen
    Ausfllen gegen den wenig
    geschickten Michael Apostolios
    Apostolos nicht hat fehlen 1assen,
    lassen, gehrt
    gebrt 1.:um
    :.:m
    Stil
    Stl der humanistischen Fehdeschrift. Bessarion nahm die Schrift
    Scbrift mit
    Wohlwollen an; das besagen seine Brieie
    Nikolaus Sekundinos
    Briefe an
    und an
    a Andronikos vom 19. Mai
    und 5. Juni 1462. Dem Michael gebot
    er SchweIgen.'
    Scbwegen.
    '
    Andronikos' Verteidigungsschrift, die
    <lie ich hier erstmals verffentverffent
    liche, liegt
    legt in
    folgenden Handschriften vor:
    :
    a) Florenz, Bibl.
    BibI. Med.-Laur. Plut. S8
    58 cod. gr. 33. fol.
    l. 96~-1I7"
    96~-IIi" = L.
    b) Mailand,
    MaIand, Bib1.
    BibI. Ambr. B
    141 sup. fot
    { 5--28 v = B.
    .
    L (Cod. chart. :.:6,7
    26,7 X
    20,5 on,
    cm, 1$7 fol.
    { XV
    saec. vgl. oben S. 1.59)
    bietet einen sorgfltig
    sorgfiiltig geschriebenen Text, der in
    n den meisten Fillen
    Fllen
    (etwa 90 mal) besser ist als bei B
    (vgI.
    (vgl. oben S.
    5.151).
    ISI). Einzelne Fehler
    ]assen
    lassen sich nach B
    leicht verbessern. Die minder gute Bescbaffenbeit
    Beschaffenheit
    des B
    besteht aber nicht allein in
    den gekennzeichneten fehlerhaften
    feh1erbaften
    SteDen. sondem
    sondern auch in
    Auslassungen. sei es da8
    da einzelne Wrter
    Wrter
    fehlen
    iehlen oder ha1be
    halbe Stu
    sat:.:e (3 maI).
    mal). Sicher stammt B
    nicht aus L; denn
    wie soUte
    sollte B
    zu
    einzelnen richtigeren Lesarten und Ergnzungen
    Erganzungen offensichtlicher
    sichtlcher AusIassungen
    Auslassungen bei L (z.
    (. B.
    . 0
    9c6Swpo.:;
    c63,, S. 183,10) gekommen sein?
    Arch iv fr
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    Br;" '889 52.
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    Theodoros Ga.r."s.
    Ga.r.OS. Gr.'
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    J) rzuri_ Brio/"
    Briet" 1111.
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    180
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    ANDRONICl CALLlSTI

    "'"

    I.Lsn,v:> I:>INOllQNV

    OEFENSIQ
    DEFENSfQ THEOOORI GAZAE.

    203

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    ! L B

    THEODORI GAZAE
    ANTIRRHETICON.
    Das Antirrheticon des Theodoros Gazes, eine Errterung
    Errterung tiber
    ber
    (1' d!l)
    '[! XWPIGT<i)
    ) 1m
    aristotelschen Sinne, entdie abstrakten Begriffe (Ta
    im aristotelischen
    stammt einer gelehrten Fehde, die
    de von
    einer AuCerung
    uerung Bessarions
    iiber
    ber die platonischen Ideen ihren Ausgang genommen hatte. Bessarion
    hatte in seinem In
    Ca1umniatorem
    Calumniatorem Platonis die Frage aufgeworfen:
    II$t 1'~
    TI~
    XWPI~ ,lch
    ., ,tal}
    t3' f)
    f 'It&."T'fI iXWPI'Tt"Il,
    i'Tt", xld
    cl
    )(.wpunoi,
    rl'i, 'ltlm;pov
    :
    XIl&'
    &' (lo-M
    a U'PC"T(;'m(
    1' f)
    f iv
    'iWt';
    ; xdru;V\l
    &: "
    bnw((ll!; . l An
    dieser AuCerung
    uerung
    iibte
    bte Johannes
    Johanne s Argyropulos Kritik. Da ihm nur die lateinische
    latensche
    bersetzung zur Verfgung
    Obersetzung
    Verfgung stand, versuchte er es mit einer RuckRckbersetzung ins
    ibersetzung
    Griechische : m6np6v
    1' 1'1'1(1;
    1'; cIS..,
    ol8.., i<JTl
    xq;wpw-rdV(l
    ill i)

    p<l; dX6Ipuna.,
    drl'cr.,
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    ~, 1t6TEPQV
    .. ><a.&'
    ' a.T&.
    .
    f
    'ltpQP<J(lUt;
    xa.~ cl
    u'P~"'"lX(v f)
    1.. &UTi9Il!o;
    &ui.; hnw!!/;
    "'n{; XC!T(lI..
    c!. .
    Diesen Tatbestand erfahren wir
    Wr durch
    Gazes, der zu
    Gaus,
    Beginn seiner Gegenschrift au!
    auf die Unzulinglichkeit
    Unzulnglichkeit
    dl'r
    d.or von
    Argyropulos angewandten Methode und die daraus sich ergebenden Miingel
    Mngel aufmerksam machte.
    machte.- Da
    Da.B Argyropulos jener Kritiker
    war, wird
    Wrd von
    Gazes nicht gesagt, ergibt
    ergbt sich aber aus dem Brief
    Bessarions, den dieser als Begleitschreiben zu
    Gares'
    Gazes' Antirrhetikon
    nthetkn
    dem Grzisten
    GrazSten zu
    Florenz zugehen lie.B,
    lie, wobei er ihn bat,
    bat,' die Schrift
    "ohne Zank und Galle zu
    lesen und zu
    beantworten, wenn er es fr
    fur
    ntig ha1te.
    natig
    halte. "I
    " Der Brief Bessarions ist in
    dem unten namhaft gemachten
    Codex Laurentianus dem Antirrheticon
    nthetcon nachtraglich
    nachtrglich vorangesetzt.
    Argyropulos' Schrift, eine weitere Abhandlung zur:
    ZUf Verteidigung
    Verteid.gung
    Platons,
    PIatons, wahrscheinlich
    wahrscheinlch gegen Georgios Trapezuntios,
    Tr.pezuntios, ist bis jetzt noch
    nicht wiedergefunden
    Wedergefunden worden. Seine Sondermeinung gegenber
    gegenUber Bessa hatte Argyroputos
    einer umfangreichen Einleitung dargelegt.
    rion
    Argyropulos in
    die in
    ihren hauptschlichen
    hauptsiichlchen Stellen in
    den von
    Gazes aufgenommenen
    Auszgen
    Auszigen vorliegt.
    vorlegt. Das ergibt sich aus Bessarions
    Bessans Begleitschreiben zu
    Gazes' Antirrheticon:
    Gaus'
    Antiheticon: .'Avtyvw)J.Iv
    .ty...c 8;
    a 'ltpOo;
    ; 1'
    d 1..
    1... npooI,,(olo;
    .; ;
    ~o; nlp
    ~
    nM.Twwo;
    n.; 4.71:0),0"(10:0;
    cinooy!o:o; ,hlO'W.ru:vo.;
    io.o&.:w; yq.pct'9ct.;
    q.CC;.,
    . Nach einer Au.Berung
    uerung Gaus'
    Gazes'
    (xt,h
    ( io.o !hAo!o;
    !.; Tql'IJ)J.I,",PCil
    1' "c in"1Ti)J.wv
    i)J. &i'n1l')
    &'})) scheint dieses Prooemium
    5
    in
    die Form eines Briefes an
    a Bessarion eingekleidet gewesen zu
    sein. 5
    Gazes ging in
    seinem Antir
    Antrrheticon,
    r heticon, das wohl als
    a1s die bedeutendste Schrift
    Schft dieses Aristotelikers
    stte1kers zu erachten ist, in
    tiefgriindiger
    tiefgrndiger
    Bes. 111 Ca!.
    Cal . Plat.
    a. 1
    t I , 1 (t4. .
    I:-,.
    . <:. 2 (;
    (;.".".
    201) .
    1 Bess.
    p. 2.1~11).
    Th~. Aot.
    .., .".".201).
    33 B
    "U'Iion.
    """ Briefe n. 6).
    44 Theod. Ant.
    . C.58 (;/ltr"
    (" .
    p. 22$.
    uJ. 13).
    ;" be; l:m.op.
    m.o. n.
    n. 6,
    I Argytopulo.'
    Argytopulo. ' RedeD,
    Redet!, Abhaudlungen
    Abhaudlungen und
    und Br;efe
    A"I''''p6~,
    'ApY'Jj:IOIf'OIIM<,
    ''Jj:lOOIIMVI, 'E-,.'
    '... ' A&1j_",
    &_ '910
    '910..

    TliEODORI
    T}lEODORI GAZAE ANTlRRHETlCON.
    ANTIRRHETICON.

    20'

    Untersuchung
    Untesuchung auf die aufgeworfeneFroge
    aufgeworfene Frage ein. Er
    war sich selber bewuBt,
    bewut,
    daB er es genau nehme, und beugte gegen die etwa aufkommende
    da
    Meinung, daB
    da er sich in
    KIeinlichkeiten
    Kleinlichkeiten verliere, mit den Worten vor:
    t3'ijov oUv, ISTL
    t3'ijAov
    1tAl)IllltA>:Ilct
    1)t>:c o&h
    oC>&tv h
    bo "1"0'
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    o:ro XctpctX""lP'
    xcr.x- XP'iicr&a.,.fl
    xp'ij:r&r.L.fl Trotz
    Myou 'fHhOcr6",ou
    T rotz alJer
    aller Meinungsverschiedenheit
    Mein ungsverschiedenheit

    fhrte
    fihrte Gazes seine Auseinandersetzung mit Argyropu}os,
    Argyropulos, im Gegensatz
    zurpoltemden
    zuroItemden Humanisteninvektive auf rein w:issenschaft1ichem
    wissenschaftlichem Boden.
    Boden .
    DaB
    Da beide von
    altersher miteinander sehr befreuf1det
    befreundet waren,
    waref1, eIiahren
    erlahren
    wir aus einem Briefe Gazes' an Fr. Fi1elfo
    Filelfo aus seiner Zeit zu Ferrara
    (1447-50): tr':'V
    ta.r':'v 8t
    Bi "ct"
    ; b
    -r;fp<:l~
    "1;~p<l~ ci~
    t(o>CiVVll~ b'
    ' u-rrou,
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    ior. Ilb
    b
    r-4
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    , vVv a
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    '110<; &"
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    PXt.epc C,
    ,"","'" _1.
    _I. ""'IlWIl"YO(;
    Die Abfassungszeit
    Abfa.ssungs.zeit der Schrift
    Schft ist in
    die Zeit von
    1469-72 zu
    verlegen.
    da eN;t
    en;t seit 1469 Bessarions In
    CaIumruatorem
    Calumruatorem Platonis im lateinischen
    Druck dem ]ohannes
    Johannes Argyropulos zur
    :: Verfilgung
    Verfigung gestanden hat.
    Obu
    Obe du
    daa ADtil"TheticOD
    nthetCn bat L. Stein
    5 .. .. dic
    die Anga.be
    Ang ..be gem
    gena.eht:
    .. eht : Gaul
    Gue h
    habe
    abe eIn.
    el ...
    Andeutung In
    Andeu.tung
    " :8
    ::"'.
    : ::O";on8 Oe
    Dc ....
    u.
    tu .... et acte .. ufgegriffen
    ufg"fITiffen und in
    .. diese.d ...,. Schrift " die
    dia
    Ei"""itiglr.eiten
    E"""itgl.eilen Gemil"lOll
    Gemto P1ethon~. der ad
    _d maio"rem
    m_irem PI"Ionis
    Platonis SIOl"i
    Blr.rn
    ..... Mne VerIr.1MD"
    Verl.IMn ..
    rung und H
    Herabwllrdigung
    erabwUrdigung des StaSi";ten
    5tag;riten vorge1\On1men
    vorgennmen b"tt.,
    batte, in eino
    .. etwa.s
    _a lICbarle,
    lICharle,
    vielleieh t athusc"arfe
    viel1eieht
    aU.u..,t>arfe Beleuchtung
    BeleuchtUg gectldtt"."
    ge1!cJ."." Die VeranJa
    VenniaMuDS
    ..ung dut"cll
    ducl Oe
    De nat"
    natura
    ..a
    et arte
    a.rte und
    upd die
    de Ann"brne.
    Annahme. dan
    daO du
    d"a Antirrhetioon
    Antrrhetioon sich
    5;ch gegen
    geSen Pleth""
    PJetbor ricbtet".
    richtete. hb"t
    at
    ..,lIon
    . Gucke
    Gercke als
    _. unrichtig geken!l~eiehn"t.
    Die Seichtbeit
    inftlligl.eit
    gekenn~eiehnet.
    Seichtheit und
    upd H infllllglr.eit
    schon A.
    des wcit
    weit .... en Urtei
    Ute lla
    .....
    .... gibt
    ! .ich
    !> lr
    . jeden. der nur
    in
    el
    _.......
    ...... auf
    d
    det
    etl I nbalt
    nhalt d .... Schrift
    Theod<ml
    Theodon eingebt. Zudem ,stf>ht
    teht da.
    ta. Antirtlletioon
    AntirthetiCOD mit den fr1lhereD
    flberen Auseinandersetzungen
    A"sei""",derseZungen
    Ober
    den aristoteliscben
    ar,totel scben 5ubstan~berrif
    Substan~begTjf If in
    " ga.
    gar keinem
    kenern Zu
    Zusammenhang.
    ... rnmenhang. P1etbon wird
    aberb
    beI""p
    .. up t nicbt
    nicht genannt.
    ge.annt. Eb-ensowenig findet .ich
    . in
    .. Gu
    G .. aes
    .. Abhandlung
    Abbandlllng De sub-stantia
    Be.tugnahme auf du
    Antirrhetioon.' du
    apa.ter apzu.setun
    ."" eine
    " .. l!e.tugnahme
    daa Anticchetioon.'
    d .. viel
    " 'pJ.ter
    apzu-Setaen i.t.
    5.

    Die vorliegende Erstausgabe von


    Gazes'
    Gares' Antirrheticon
    Antrrheticon beruht auf
    folgenden Handschriften
    Haf1dschriften::
    aa)) Florenz,
    Fl o renz, Bibl.
    BibI. Med.-Laur.
    Med.-La ur. Plut. 55. Cod. gr. 13 ( ... L).
    b) Rom, Cod. Vat. gr. 1393 (= B).
    ).
    c) Mailand,
    Ma iland, Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr. Cod. gr. D II8
    8 int.
    (= D).
    D) .
    d) Mailand,
    Mailand , BibJ.
    Bibi. Ambr. Cod.
    Cod. gr. R II1
    1 sup. (_ R).
    R ).
    e) Maila
    Mailand,
    nd , BibI.
    Bibl. Ambr. Cod. gr. P
    II9
    9 sup.
    sup. (= P).
    ).
    L (Cod. chart. 22,5 X
    17 cm,
    crn, 28 fol.
    { XV
    saec.
    sacc. ex.) enthlt
    enthaJ.t nur
    Gazes' Antirrheticon
    Antrrheticon mit dem oben genannten Brief Bessarions an
    JJohannes
    ohannes Argyropulos (fol. I'")
    '").. Die du
    d urchweg
    rchweg sehr sorgfltige
    sorgfaJ.tge Schrift
    ist die
    clie des ausgehenden 15. ]ahrhunderts.
    Jahrhunderts. Zuweilen
    Zuwei1en hat eine zweit
    zweitee
    Hand (LI) am
    a m Rand.e
    Rande Verbesserungen von
    Versehen des ersten Schreibers nachgetragen. Die Handschrift, die lteste
    aJ.teste der oben genannten,
    drfte nicht zu weit von
    dfirfte
    d.er
    der Entstehungszeit des Antirrheticons
    abzurcken
    abzu
    rficken sein.
    )" . 0-- .2
    I Thecd. Ant
    c. :06.
    I Bei 1:...,.
    .... "
    A'''L'''P~', Apyupor<OUlc'
    'Apyupo"lfOU4' ... S. 3"
    Gercke,
    VSI. IIIet
    Vsl.
    un t en Briefe.
    Bri"fe.
    Ar<:hiv
    A,..,biv f.
    . <>-:h.
    <>-:1>. dd.. P
    .
    hi!. II
    (BerJin
    (Berlin .889)
    . 889) .-4,1.
    ..,r.
    A.
    . C"ccke,
    TheodorO$ Gues. 38, -4'
    ~ " , n . 3.
    Archiv
    Archv II
    -4
    ~ B n.
    . 62.

    206

    T"EODORI
    THEODORI GAZAE
    GAZAE. ANTIRR}fETtCON'.
    ANTIRRHETlCON'.

    B
    (Cod.
    (COO. chart. 31
    3 X
    21 cm, 133 fol.
    l. XV
    saec. ex.) enthlt
    entWlt neben
    anderen Texten das Antirrheticon auf fol.
    l. 10-33. Die Schrift ist
    sorgfltig,
    sorgfiItig, hnlich
    ihn1ich der in L. Zuweilen hat die erste Hand Berichtigungen
    am Rande nachgetragen. Zeitlich
    Zeitlch wird B
    wohl nicht viel spter
    spiiter als L
    anzusetzen sein.
    D (Cod. chart.,
    cha.rt., r6.t
    6. fol.,
    , fol.
    1-122 und fol.
    fo 161-164:
    161-64: 34.5
    34,5 X
    23.2 ern,
    cm,
    {' 123-160: 28,3
    18 cm. fol.
    {. 161-164: 34.5 X
    23,2 cm, XVI
    saec.)
    fol.
    28.3 X
    entMlt
    enthlt das Antirrheticon
    Antirrhetcon auf fol. 1-28.
    Sonst bietet der SammdSamm~l
    band Schriften Bessarions, Gares'
    Ga:res' und andere zeitgenssische
    etgenssscbe Texte,
    auch Briefe (vgl. oben S. 152. 158 f.)
    ) . Die Schrift des Antirrheticons
    ist sorgf1iltig
    sorgfltig in
    dnnen
    dfinnen Strichen ausgefiihrt.
    ausgefhrt.
    R (Cod. chart., 35.3 X
    23.5 cm, 361 fol.
    {. xv!
    saec.) ist
    XV! - XVII
    ein
    Sammelband.
    Sammelband, der die
    de verschiedensten Stoffe lateinisch,
    lateirisch, griechiscb
    griechisch
    und italienisch enthlt,
    enthaIt, von
    garu:
    ga.: verschiedenen Handen
    Hnden und zu
    verschiedener Zeit geschrieben. Die
    De Abschrift des Antirrheticons
    Antirheticons ist nach
    dem Schriftcharakter
    Schftcharakter bedeutend jinger
    jnger als L und B.
    .
    P
    (Cod. chart., 27 X
    20 cm, 36 fol. XVI- XVII saec.) enthlt
    enthiilt das
    Antirrheticon und Briefe
    efe von
    Gazes. Die Schrift der Briefe ist aIter;
    lter;
    die des Antirrheticons zeigt neueren Charakter.
    Der Text wird in
    seiner Gte
    Gtite durch die Handschriften zur
    Genge
    Genu.ge
    gewhrleistet.
    gewahrleistet. Die Handschriften weisen unter sich
    sch Unterschiede auf,
    die erkennen lassen, da
    daB alle auf verschiedene, aber doch verwandte
    Vorlagen zurckgehen.
    zurickgehen. L bietet mit wenigen Ausnahmen gegenilber
    gegenber
    den anderen bessere Lesarten. Er scheint dem Archetyp am nachsten
    nchsten
    zu stehen. Mit L stimmt am meisten von
    allen iibrigen
    brigen Handschriften
    B
    fiberein.
    berein. Doch enthilt
    enthlt Bauch
    auch Verschlechterungen,
    Verschlechterongen, in
    denen er vielfach mit
    dem spteren
    spiiteren D ibereinstimmt
    bereinstimmt.. Ebenso finden
    nden sich bei BAus Au!>lassungen, die auch D aufweist. Bund
    und D haben demnach verwandte
    Vorlagen benutzt. Andererseits bietet D einige Male einen besseren
    Text als
    a1s B,
    , und zwar in
    n 'Obereinstimmung
    bereinstimmung mit L. Seine Vorlage stand
    -demnach
    -dernnacb L niiher
    nher als
    a1s die des B.
    . In
    einigen
    eingen Fillen,
    Fllen, wo D und der sonst
    50nst
    so
    50 fehlerhafte
    fehlerhafIe R eine bessere Lesart als L bieten, mag
    nag es sich um Zu
    flligkeiten
    flilligkeiten oder um Selbstberichtigungen
    Selbstberichti~ngen der spteren
    spiiteren Abschreiher
    Abschreiber
    handeln.
    bandeln.
    Auffallend ist in
    n R eine
    ene grere
    grDere UmsteUung.
    Umstellung. Auf
    101.
    1. 170 v
    . findet
    fiQdet
    sich
    Sch ein vie1
    viel spterer
    saterer Kontext vom Umfang etwa einer
    ener Seite. Es legt
    sicb
    sich die Annahme nahe, da
    daB R von
    losen BliitIem
    Blttern abgeschrieben hat
    und da
    daB unter diesen eine Unordnung eingetreten war, die der Schreiber
    nicht beachtet hat.
    bat. Diese Umstellung verrt
    verrit aber auch die Herkunft
    von
    P,
    , der sowohl die gleiche Unordnung wie die Textgestalt
    Textgesta1t von
    R
    bernommen hat. Fr
    ubernommen
    Fir die Ausgabe des Textes kommt der ganz junge
    P
    nicht in
    Frage.

    I ~"rd .f'":I uI $l ..... lJCLE2d .p I

    Cal. P1at .

    I .,

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    23.

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    THEODORI GAZAE
    DE FATQ.
    FATO.
    Gazes' Schrift "cpt
    ncpl I;xouaiou
    I:xoIoIioIoI xd cbt01J<J{ou
    cbt01JIOU (De fato)
    {!
    fata) ist durch folgende Handschriften
    andschften tiberliefert:
    berliefert:
    a) Rom, Cod. Vat. gr. 1393, fol.
    { 34-39
    34- 39 = B.
    .
    b) Rom, BibI.
    Bibl. Reginae Christinae
    Chstinae Cod. gr. 164, fol.
    ( 25- 35" = R.
    c) Florenz, Bibl.
    BibI. Med.-Laur. Plut.55, eod.
    Cod. gr. 9, = L.
    ot
    fol. 49-55"
    49-55 = La.
    ~ fol.

    l. 82-86 = Lb.
    43 sup. fol.
    137- 139.
    139" = H.
    .
    d) Mailand, BibI. Ambr. H
    e) Mailand, Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr.
    Ambr. D n8
    8 inf.
    !. fol.
    149-156 = D.
    f) Mailand,
    Mailand , BibI.
    Bibl. Ambr. (SQ) TI
    6, foI.
    9-19" = T.
    .
    g) Mailand, Bibl.
    BibI. Ambr.
    N 284 sup. fol.
    1-6" = .
    N.
    In
    ihrer Textgestalt gehen die Handschriften durch verschiedene
    darber hinaus aber
    Wortformen, Um.steUungen
    Umstellungen und Schreibweisen, dartiber
    auch durch Zusatze
    Zustze und Auslassungen oft auseinander. Von einer
    Abhinggkeit kann kaum die Rede sein, hchstens
    hChstens da
    daB
    gegenseitigen Abhngigkeit
    in
    e.inrelnen
    einrelnen Handschriften eine viel spitere
    sptere Hand nach den inzwischen
    inzwschen
    gesammelten Vorlagen sich um Vereinheitlichung bemiht
    bemht hat.
    (vgl. oben S.20S)
    S. 20S) bietet in
    sauberer Reinschrift einen guten
    B
    Text, vielfach tiberemstimmend
    bereinstimmend mit D, Hund
    und T.
    . Zuweilen geht B

    den meisten FaUen


    Fllen
    seine eigenen Wege. Hierbei sind seine Lesarten in
    Zuweilen sind Cl<
    c!< aber auch offensichtIiche
    offensichtliche
    besser als die der anderen. Zuwei1en
    brigen berichtgen
    berichtigen lassen. Vereinzelte klerne
    kleine
    Fehler, die sich durch die ibrgen
    berall sinngem
    singemiiO bleiben, lassen
    Zusat:re
    Zust:re oder Auslassungen, die aber i.iberall
    auf eine Vorlage schlieBen,
    schlieen, die den ibrigen
    brigen nicht bekannt gewesen ist.
    St.
    o (vgl. oben S. 206)
    zoo) bldet
    bildet mit Hund
    und T
    eine Gruppe, die aber
    nicht tiberall
    berall geschIossen
    geschlossen bleibt. Oft genug finden sich zwischen diesen
    Obereinstimmungen
    bereinstimmungen in
    Wrtern
    Wrtern und Auslassungen mit R, ebenso aber
    wieder
    weder Gegensatze
    Gegenstze zu R, wie auch zu
    B
    ..
    H
    (eod. chart. 23,5 X
    (Cod.
    16,2 cm, 141
    I41 fol.
    XV/
    /
    XVI saec.) bietet zuwei hierin zusammenzugehen, dieselben Lesarten
    len, auch ohne mit D und T
    oder Auslassungen wie
    we R. Nicht wenige Male reigt H
    Sonderfonnen, sei
    es in
    einzelnen Wrtern
    Wrtem oder in
    Auslassungen und Zusatzen.
    Zustzen. H
    besitzt
    einen guten Text ohne grobe Versch1echterungen.
    Verschlechterungen.

    THEODORI GAUE
    GAZE PE
    FATO.

    237

    T
    (vgl.
    (!. oben S. 15:1) zeigt
    :r;egt die Eigentmlichkeiten
    Eigentfimlchkeiten von
    D und H,
    .
    geht also
    a-lso mittelbar oder unmitte1bar
    unmittelbar auf diese :r;uriick.
    zurck. In
    vie1
    viel spiterer
    spterer
    Zeit erhielt er durch 1"1
    Lesarten
    Les::.rten und Zusat:re,
    Zust:re, die sich bei B
    finden.
    fnden.
    Gelegen,tlch bringt T
    :r;usammen
    m,it H
    eine sinngeme
    sinngemaJ3e Erweiterung,
    E.rweiterong,
    Gelegentlich
    zusammen mit
    die allen
    aUen fibrigen
    brigen abgeht (246, :1 sq.).
    (Cod. chart. 16,5 x
    I

    I cm, 35 fol.
    XVI
    saec.) :r;eigt
    zeigt viele
    vieJe SoDder~
    R (Cod.
    formen,
    10nen, auch offensichtliche
    offensichtlche Fehler. Die meisten bereinstimmungen
    bereinstimmungen
    bestehen mit
    mt D.
    D, T
    und H,
    . ohne da
    da-J3 eine Abhangigkeit
    Abhngigkeit :r;wischen
    zwischen ihnen
    bestnde.
    bestande.
    L (Cod. chart., 22 x 14.5
    14,5 cm, SB
    8 101.
    fol. XVI saec.) bietet die vor~
    liegende Schrift zweimal.
    zwemal. Fol.
    io;t eine Reinschrift mit
    Fo!. 49-55" (=La) ist
    mehrfachen erweiternden Nachtragen
    Nachtrgen im Text und am Rand (Lal).
    (Lai).
    anderer Hand als
    a1s der ur.>priingliche
    ursprngliche Text.
    Text, aber dem
    Sie stammen von
    Schriftcharakter nach aus der
    d er gleichen Zeit. 1m
    Im Ganzen bietet La
    einen Text, der sich vielfach,
    Velfach, aber nicht iiberalt
    berall mit DHT, :r;uweilen
    zuweilen
    auch mit B
    deckt. Gerade
    Geade diese Regellosigkeit
    Regellos igkeit und die Unterschiede in

    Kleinigkeiten besa.gen.
    besagen. da
    daB zwischen La und den anderen Handschriften
    keine verwandtschaftliche
    verwandtschaftlche Abhangigkeit
    Abhngigkeit besteht. Die auf fol.
    {. 82- 86
    (=
    (= Lb) gebotene OberlefeJng
    berlieferung nimmt unter allen Handschriften eine
    Sonderstellung
    Sonder.>te11ung ein. Ursprnglich
    Ur.>pringlich hat eine Hand ver.>ucht,
    versucht, einen einiger~
    maen sauberen Text
    mal3en
    Text:r;u
    zu schreiben. Dieser war von
    vornberein
    vornherein bedeutend
    krzer, wurde aber nachtriiglich
    kiirzer,
    nachtrglich erweitert. Die Nachtrage
    Nachtrge stehen teils
    auf Rasuren.
    Rasuren, teils
    tels am Rande. Auch im Text ist vieles wieder gestrichen
    und am Rand umgearbeitet, meistens
    meister:s von
    einer
    eir:er :r;weiten
    zweiten Hand (Lb l ). Je
    mehr es dem Schlusse zugeht.
    mebr
    zugeht, desto mangelhafter wird der
    d.er Text und
    desto wilder die Schrift, so
    50 da
    daJ3 man sich nur schwer mehr durchfindet.
    durchfndet.
    grol3er
    VerbesseJng des
    Ein
    groer Teil des Textes fehlt iiberhaupt.
    berhaupt. Zur Verbesserung
    Textes tra.gt
    trgt Lb nichts ,
    bei, liBt
    lt aber wertvolle Schliisse
    Schlsse iiber
    ber das
    da5
    Werden der Abhandlung zu
    (s.
    (5. unten).

    N (Cod. chart., 25,5


    25,S X
    17 cm, 65 fol.
    l. XVI
    saec.) ist
    jst eine ganz
    gar:z
    spite
    spte Abschrift. Die weiteren Teile sind von
    verschiedenen Hinden
    Hnden
    geschrieben. In
    Gazes'
    de Erweiterungen
    E.rweiteJngen und Abweichun
    Gazes ' De {ato
    fato sind die
    gen der
    d.er iibrigen
    brigen Handschriften am Rande nachgetragen.
    nachgetrager: .
    Schlu,
    Der Vergleich der Handschriften unter sich
    Sch fhrt
    fihrt zu
    dem SchluB.
    da
    kene einheitliche
    einheitlche 'OberliefeJng
    berlieferung des Textes gegeben
    gegeber: hat. Die
    daB es keine
    vielen Zustze
    vieJen
    Zusa.tze und AusIassungen.
    Auslassungen, besonder.>
    besonders in
    Lb.
    Lb, sind geradezu iber
    ber
    raschend. Nicht alle Zusatze
    Zusiitze bei Lb finden sich in
    den anderen wieder
    und lassen sich dort
    do auch nicht in
    den Text einfiigen.
    einfgen. Gerade das Aussehen des Lb vermag
    venag aber eine Deutung zu
    geben. Man erhlt
    erhii.It den Ein
    druck wie
    We von
    einem mitgeschriebenen
    mitgeschrieber:en Kollegheft, wie wenn dieser
    Schreiber erstmals
    erstma1s eine kleine Vorlage sich verschafft und in
    den o~
    Vor~
    trag mitgebracht hatte
    htte und dann hier diese Vorlage nach dem gesprochenen Wort ergnzt
    htte, wobei er, je mehr es zum Ende ging,
    ergii.nzt hitte.
    .

    THEODORI GAZAE DE FATO.

    immer nacb1assiger
    nachlssiger wurde. Einen hnlichen
    ihnlichen Eindruck erweckt La, der
    ebenfalls zunachst
    zunchst einen sauber geschriebenen Text besall,
    besa, zu dem die
    zweite Hand (Lat)
    (LaI) eine ganze Reihe
    Rehe von Tilgungen und Nachtragen
    Nachtrgen
    am Rand und auf Rasuren gab, um den ersten Text zu erginzen
    ergnzen und
    zu beriOOtgen.
    'beaschend ist dabei, da
    dall auch
    auOO einige
    g Erweiterungen,
    Erweiteungen,
    berichtigen. berraschend
    siOO bei Lb finden, vertreten sind, die sich
    siOO aber in keiner der
    die sich
    anderen Handschriften finden. Von
    hier aus gesehen werden auch
    die Willkrlichkeiten
    WillkUrlichketen der fibrigen
    brigen Handscbriften
    Handschriften erJdarlich,
    erklrlich, nur stellen
    letztere bereits genauere Abschriften irgendwe1cher
    irgendwelcher Vorlagen dar. Auf
    die Deutung als einer Nachschft
    Nachschrift von Vorlesungen verweisen auch die
    unten S.247
    5.247 verffentlichten
    erffentlichten A6act<;,
    , die ausdrcklich
    ausdrcklich als cbtb
    db 'JIwv%
    vi)
    0c08pou
    bezeichnet werden. Wie dort bebandelte
    behandelte Gazes auch
    auOO die
    de
    Frage nepl
    c b.OUnou
    bcoumou x~
    )t~1 xolJl:rlou
    xoUCo wohl in
    einem ffentlichen
    ffentchen uhrvortrag, vielleicht zu verschiedenen MaIen,
    Malen, gewi6
    gewi an Hand eines
    .. Heftes", wobei er im Wortlaut sich
    Sch selbst niOOt
    nicht immer gleich geblieben
    wr es mit
    mt einer Vorlesung zu tun haben, dann wird weiter
    ist. Wenn wir
    Schft sich
    siOO in
    den schwebenden gelehrten Auserk1Jirlich, da
    dall diese Schrift
    erklrlich,
    einandersetzungen der Zeit nicht unterbringen lt.
    laCt.
    erstmalige Ausgabe der Abhand1ung
    1923 in
    Aussicht
    Eine
    Abhandlung hatte ich
    ene Ausgabe vergestellt. 1 Desungeachtet hat J. W. Taylor inzwischen eine
    anstaltet.' Der Herausgeber hat hierbei mancheriei
    mancherlei auJ3er
    auer acht gelassen.
    ge1assen.
    50 die wichtige
    wiOOtge Studie von
    A.
    . Gercke. Taylor kennt aus der Literatur
    So
    als letztes nur den fragwrdigen
    fragwfirdigen Beitrag von
    L. Stein im Archiv fr
    r
    GeschiOOte
    J[ (188g).' Von
    den Handschriften kennt er
    r
    Geschichte der Philosophie Ir
    nur L, und zwar hier nur die Fassung von
    La, femer
    feroer B
    (bei Taylor V)
    und R, alle aber nicht aus eigener Augenscheinnahme,
    Augenschennahme , sondem
    sondern nach
    fremder Kollationierung. Ein
    En riOOtiges
    richtiges Urteil ist daraufhin in diesem
    Falle nicht mglich.
    mglich. Die Sonderstellung des Lb ist Taylor vllig
    Vllig entgangen. Dazu enthilt
    enthlt seine Ausgabe viele Fehler im
    Text wie im kri
    kri~
    tischen Apparat.
    Apparat, Die Eigentmlichkeit
    EigentGmlichkeit der Enklytika ist meistens nicht
    bercksichtigt. Einmal (p.
    berucksiOOtigt.
    (. 17,32) beginnt Taylor einen neuen Abschnitt
    mitten in
    einem Satz, wovon schon der njOOt
    nicht erweiterte Text bei B
    ibn
    htte bewahren mssen.
    hatte
    missen. [00
    Ich beharre deswegen bei meinem ursprunglicben Plan und lege den Text hier nochmals vor.
    r. Der sinngem1ille
    sinngeme
    Titel stammt von
    Taylor.
    lateinische TiteI
    I L. Mohler.
    M oh I er, lU.rd.
    ~. BtssariOll
    Btssario I 32.7 0.,.
    D. ,.
    I Theodore Gua"
    Gua', De Fato.
    Fato, Fiut
    Fin.t Editiou.
    EditiOll, Cootaiolog
    CoDtaiDiog The OrigiDAl
    OgiDAI Gretk
    Gretk,. With
    Iotrodlletion,
    Iot.rod\l<:tioo . TnO&iatio",".
    Tn.O&iatio"",. aod
    aud Note,
    Note!!, by
    by ]ohn
    lohn Wil
    Wl SO
    _o D
    o Taylor
    Taylor,, M.
    . A
    .. Ph. D.;
    Univertity
    oerty of
    Toronto Sttldies..
    Studies.. Philological
    Philologca1 Stri.... Torooto
    Toronto 192'.
    I Vgl.
    !. obtn S. 1'2.
    1,2. 20'.

    9108Wpou
    " TOG
    B.,l
    .,

    ~
    acouou

    ..,
    La

    Lb82
    B
    34D 149

    r~ii
    rij

    _1 4xouO'lou.
    4uOU,

    B
    137
    ,
    T'
    &2.

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    cl Si
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    iyo:&-.o. trnb
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    SOLUTIONES
    EX
    VOCE

    THEODORI GAZAE.
    Die hier mitgeteilten Solutiones geben einen Einblick in
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    Ferrara.
    Feara. Offensichtlich hatten ihm seine Hrer
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    Im einzelnen handelt
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    f.
    . 1st
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    Vorliegende Erstausgabe beruht auf dem MaiHi.nder


    Mailnder Cod. Ambr.
    43. fol.
    I3939-.
    f4I Y (vgl. oben S.236). Der Text schliellt
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    THEODORI GAZAE SOLUTIONES.


    THEODQRI
    SOLrrIONES.

    '49

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    1'-""

    THEODORI GAZAE
    ORATIONES.
    Die nachfoJgenden
    nachfolgenden Reden, die Theodoros Gazes als Professor
    und Rektor der UniversiHi.t
    Universitt Ferrara zwischen 1440 und 1450 gehaIten
    gehalten
    hat, haben Bedeutung fr
    fir die Geschichte dieser Universitit
    Universitt wie fur
    fr
    Italien.
    Italen. Akademische Gepf10gcnheiten
    Ein~
    Gepflogenheiten und E~
    den Humanismus in
    richtungen, einzelne
    Persnlichkeiten,
    Persnlichkeiten, wie vor
    allem der Protektor der
    Frst Lionel1o
    Lionello d'Este
    dste (r f450
    r450),), nicht minder aber die
    Universitt,
    Univer.;itat, der Furst
    geistige Einstellung
    Einste11ung der Zeit und des Ortes treten uns lebensnah entgegen.
    In
    n der ersten, der Antrittsrede zu Ferrara, spricht Gazes iber
    ber
    den ideellen und praktischen Wert der griechischen Sprache und Literatur. Es
    E s spiegelt sich die
    d humanistische
    humanistsche Gesamtauffassung
    Gesa.mtauffassung wieder, auch
    die einseitige Meinung iber
    ber den bisher verschtteten
    verschutteten Aristoteles, wobei
    der umfassenden Ttigkeit
    Tatigkeit der mittelalterlichen
    mittelalterlchen
    Gazes allerdings von
    "Obersetzer
    den recht derben
    bersetzer nichts wuOte
    wute und auch noch nichts von
    risttees-ber
    Angriffen geahnt hat, denen nachher seine eigene Aristoteles-bersetzung ausgesetzt sein sol1te.
    Griechschen
    sollte. Belege fiir
    fr die Bedeutung des Griechischen
    sind die bekannten, von
    den Humanisten
    HumanSten herangezogenen antiken Zeug Zeitgenossen: Vittorino
    nisse. Es erklingen hier aber auch Namen von
    da Feltre,
    Feitre, ]ohannes Aurispa, Guarino von
    Verona. Anziehend ist, was
    Gaus
    der Sorge des Fursten
    Frsten LioneJlo
    Lionello um die Universitat
    Universitt zu sagen
    Gazes von
    weiO,
    iber die von
    ihm ausgehende Auswahl tchtiger
    tichtiger Lehrkrfte
    Lehrkrafte wie
    wei, ber
    iber seine Frsorge
    Firsorge fr
    i die Studierenden.
    ber
    Gazes beim Antritt des Rektorats und die
    Die zweite Rede hat Gaus
    dritte bei der Abgabe des Amtes gehaUen.
    gehalten. Er
    befurchtete,
    befrchtete, da
    er aIs
    als
    geborener Grieche im Lateinischen keine Gewandtheit besitze. Seine
    daO er
    bis auf einzelne Harten
    Hrten sich die fremde
    Worte bezeugen jedoch, da
    Sprache doch sehr zu
    eigen gemacht hat. An
    MiOlichkeiten
    Milichkeiten hat es ihm
    whrend
    gefehlt. "Obeltaten
    beltaten waren in
    studentischen
    studentSChen
    wahrend seiner Amtszeit nicht gefeh1t.
    missen. DaO
    Da
    Kreisen vorgekommen, gegen die er hatte einschreiten mssen.
    er trotzdem beliebt gewesen war, zeigt die
    d Rede seines SchiiIers
    Schlers Ludobertreibung sagt
    sagt,, da
    daO aIle
    alle es am
    vicus Carbo, der wohl mit etwas "Obertreibung
    liebsten gesehen hatten,
    htten, wenn Gazes stiindiger
    stndiger Rektor ware.
    wre.-J
    , Auf diesen Ausspruch
    Auspruch m:r.cht
    n:r.cht A.
    . Gercke,
    Ge r cke. Theodoros
    Theodros Gazee,
    Gaze, S.
    s. ~3 n.
    u. ~ auf.
    merksam. 10.1.
    fo.l. 48'" (Theodoru$ TheMa]<.>nicen.is).
    TheMalonicen,is), CUiU5 tanta fuit
    fu et virtu5
    Virtu5 et huma._
    buna._
    nit
    .... ut tum
    et omnes
    onnes r""ta,..""
    recOren p<!rpetuum
    Cod
    nitas.
    p<!rpetuom exopta.r<mt.
    exoptar<mt. Die Rede findet .ich im
    Cod..
    Vat . 1a.t.
    Vat.
    tat. 8,61,
    8161, 10].
    101. 37-49.
    37-4<).

    252
    22

    THEODORI GAZAE ORATlONES.

    Die vierte
    Verte Rede galt der Einfhrung
    Einfihrung eines neuen
    Rektors, nicht
    ncht
    des unmitte1baren
    unmittelbaren Nachfo1gers
    Nachfolgers Gazes', dem Michael Panormitanus,
    eines Mediziners.
    Auf
    die Reden Gazes' hat e~tmals A.
    . Gercke aufmerksam gemacht
    und davon kiirzere,
    krzere, zum Teil
    il recht willkiirliche
    willkrliche Ausztige
    Auszge verffentlicht.
    verffentlicht.
    Die
    De dritte (in
    ( deponendo insigne rectoratus) liegt bei ihm vollstiindig
    vollstndig
    ihrem ganzen Umfang. Die
    vor.1 Ich gebe die vier Reden hier in
    handschriftliche Uberlieferung
    berlieferung bietet Cod. Vat. 8j'6r (Cod. chart.,
    14.3 X
    19 cm, 174
    74 fol.
    !. XV
    vel XVI
    saec. = Bl.
    ). Die berschrift
    bersclrift der
    dritten Rede gibt daselbst zu
    Theodori ... oratio den schmuckenden
    schmckenden
    Zusatz: Viri
    ir in
    omni litterarum genere doctissimi, die der vierten
    Verten
    Rede: Oratoris eloquentissimi.
    eloquentissmi. philosophi nobilissimi
    nobilissmi atque integerrimi
    integerrmi
    et triwn linguarum pariter doctissimi.
    doctissim. Offensichtliche Fehler der Handschrift verbesserte ich ohne weitere Anmerkung. Die oft sehr willkiirwillkrEigentiimlch
    liche Rechtschreibung habe ich unter Belassung einiger Eigentmlichketen (benivolentia.
    (benivolenta. intelligo. vendicare u. a.) vereinheitlicht
    verenheitlicht (so
    (50 stets
    keiten
    tamquam anstatt tanquam u. .)
    .)..
    A.
    . Cercke, Thoodoros
    Theodoros GUeII.
    Ca~e.

    Festschrift.
    F ..tsclrift.

    C .,ifsw"td
    .,ifswatd 19"3.
    1903. S. )"""-10.

    Theodorl
    Theodori Gazae

    BlSO

    ratci Theualonleensls
    Thealonieensis
    Gratei

    ratcI
    Oratlo de Litter:ls Gratei

    Dum conventum vestrum intueor. patres doctissimi studiosissimique


    studosSSimique 1.
    audendi mei causa hunc
    bune
    5 adolescentes. vosque partim honoris,
    honorls, partim audiendi
    locum tarn
    tam frequentes eonvenisse
    convenisse considero, meoque ad hanc
    hane florenin
    praeclarissimam urbem adventu tantopere laetari video,
    tissimam ac praeclaSSimam
    prmum
    h ipsi non
    mediocriter
    primum quidem, ut verum ingenue profitear. mihi
    gaudeo, deinde vestram, patres amp1issimi, humanitatem singularem10 que erga me benivolentiam toto, ut dicitur.
    dcitur. pectore complector,
    complector. postremo
    studium vestrurn,
    vestrum, optimi adolescentes,
    adolescentes. rnaiorern
    maiorem in modum etiam atque
    etam probo.
    ut debeo,
    etiam
    probe. Quamobrem, patres amplissimi. ingentes, !
    vob.s gratias ago, qui nullis meis
    me.s erga vos
    os meritis,
    meritS , vestra solum
    M"
    "
    vobis
    solurn virtute B
    ineredibili
    ncredbili me
    roe benivolentia atque honore
    hODore prosecuti estis. Vobis autem,
    autern,
    15 studiosissimi adolesccntes.
    adolesccntes,
    ut iam omnem meam
    rneam ad vos
    os orationem
    iam pridem debeo,
    debeo. in dies,
    des. ut potero, ex
    exconvertam.
    convertam, officium, quod iarn
    solvam.
    plurimum profutura existimo, eo libentius 2.
    Nune vero ea, quae vobis plurirnum
    Nunc
    exponarn,
    os mihi
    mhi attentiores atque ad audiendurn
    audiendum paratores
    paratiores
    exponam. quo vos
    CQnectura
    20adesse video. Nunc
    Nune enim vestram, quam tamen
    tarnen iam
    iaro pridem coniectura
    facile
    ut iam
    faciIe assequebar.
    assequebar, manifestissime perspicio voluntatem. Quo fit.
    eorom praeterire,
    praeterire. quae ro
    pro
    vos magnopere diligam atque aliquid eorem
    studorum vestrorum utilitate
    uti1itate dicere aut facere possim,
    possim. nefas esse
    studiorum
    tam benivolo erga vos animo sim,
    sm. adolescentes
    ducam. eum
    Cum igitur tarn
    dubito,
    dubito. quin ea, quae vobis explicare
    e.xplicare statim aggrediar,
    26optimi,
    Woptimi. non
    lbenter audiatis
    audatis et audita
    audta diligenter perficiatis. Qmnes
    Omnes enim, qui rebus
    libenter
    suis hene
    bene consulere student,
    student. libenter illorum orationem audire solent,
    utilitatem vel honestatem aliquam cum benivolentia hor~ B

    ~l
    qui eos ad utiltatem
    tantur.
    30
    Agitur enim de litteris
    ltteris graecis, optimi aclolescentes,
    adolescentes, quarum usum, S.
    utilitatem gloriarnque
    gloriamque totius antJqwtatis
    memoa maxime declarat
    declara!'
    antiquitatis memorla
    Nemo enim est adeo litterarum expers,
    expers. adeo ab humamtate
    humanitate alienus.
    litteris non
    secus ac suis usos
    qui Romanos, maiores vestros, graecis 1itteris
    esse ignoret. quippe qui scholas graecas in urbe plumas
    plurimas habuerint,
    habuent.
    85 comicisque et tragicisGraecorum
    tragcisGraeoorum scaenis frequenter sint delectati. postremo
    non
    solum aliorum graece scripta intelligere, vcrum
    verum etiam ipsi

    'rHEQDORI
    THEQDORI GAZAE

    quicquid velJent, graecis litteris


    ltteris mandare voluerint. Omnino, si quis
    romanos rege!i,
    reges, imperatores, oratores, denique omnes, qui auctoritate
    aliqua
    alqua fuerunt, recensere ab urbe oondita velit,
    velt. nullum eorum graecarum litterarum
    ltterarum expertem fuisse, sed otius
    potius perfecte eas tenuisse reperiet.
    Quod minus mirum nobis videri debet, qui
    < barbaros quoque multos 6
    eas egregie
    egrege didicisse ex litterarum
    littera.rum monumentis eognovimus,
    cognovimus, quamquam
    B
    61~ id eo rarius fecerunt, quo ab Hs
    s magis aUeni
    a1ieJJi sunt. Romani autem suo
    iure se eas accipere ac
    a: ossidere
    possidere putantes nurnquam ab eis destiterunt.
    Et
    recte quidem; non
    enim Romanis
    Ronanis graecae Utterae
    ltterae alienae erant,
    a quibus fere
    rue omnia laUnae
    latnae litteraturae ac disciplinae
    dSCiplinae sctipta
    scripta non
    10
    modo carptim accepta, verum et pJerumque ordine trans1ata
    translata videntur.
    Quod studium osteri
    posteri longa
    Ionga successione
    succe!iSone sequente!i
    sequentes usque ad ultimum
    tempus imperii diligentissime observaverunt . Omnes
    Omne!i praeterea Graecorum ooloniae,
    coloniae, quae olim multae in
    Italia fuerunt,
    iuerunt, linguam
    lnguam patriam
    diu accuratissirneque
    aceuratissimeque custodiverunt. Itaque pars magna Italiae Magna 15
    appellata. Pythagoras, Archyta, plerique alii
    a1 nobiles
    nobi1es philoGraecia est appel1ata.
    sophi, qui
    < latinam linguam
    linguarn non
    noverunt, Itali certe fuerunt. Hunc
    Hune
    tarnen tam
    tamen
    tarn frequentem litterarum
    ltterarum graeca.rum usum fortuna
    lortuna prinm,
    primurn,
    quae mutationibus rerum gaudet, prohibere ac
    ae paulatim auferre
    auleITe coepit,
    horninurn deinde negligentia
    hominum
    neglgentia accedens
    aecedens penitus delevit. Qua in
    re vel20
    B
    62 maxime quivis intelligere ote5t,
    potest, quam sit hoc litterarum
    ltterarum genus latinae
    disciplinae familiare
    familare atque ooniunctum.
    ooniunetum. Etenim tamdiu graecae litterae
    ltterae
    in
    Italia 5unt
    sunt eonservatae,
    conservatae, quamdiu
    quarndiu in ea !atina
    latna elegantia viguit.
    eum
    Cum vero haec deseri eoepit.
    coepit. litterae
    ltterae quoque graecae simul negleetae
    neglectae
    sunt, amboque praec1ara
    praedara haec
    haee studia multos
    mullos iam
    m per annos tamquam 25
    duo elarissima
    claSSima lumina sunt exstineta.
    exstncta.
    Nune vero, qui
    operarn ac
    ae studium ad recuperandas
    reeuperandas latinas
    4.
    Nunc
    < suam operam
    litteras
    ltteras et in
    lucem
    lueern revoca.ndas
    revocandas statuerunt , eum
    cum id se sine
    5ine graecis
    Iitteris
    viderent, hisce prirnum
    litter
    is efficere
    effieece posse non
    primum dare operam voluerunt
    atque a laribus,
    ut Graeci aiunt, incipiendum
    incipiendurn putaverunt. Qui quantum 30
    profecerint, quantumque suis hominibus profuerint,
    proluerint, nemo est, qui
    <
    ignoret. Quare vos
    os quoque, optimi ac
    ae studiosissimi adolescentes, qui
    superiorum hominum negtigentiam accusantes praesentium diligentiam
    laudatis, omnem
    ornnem vestram
    vestrarn operam ac
    ae studium ad bonarum litterarum
    recuperationem eonlerre
    conferre debetis. Non enim ad ces
    res quasdam
    quasdarn humiles 3ti
    B
    2~
    62~ atque abiectas nati estis, sed potius ad magnas atque egregias re!i
    res
    gerendas praestanti vos ingenio natura finxit,
    ut vobis, atae
    patriae ac
    ae
    civibus vestris
    vestS utlitati
    utilitati ornamentoque essetis, !
    ut bonis artibus atque
    egregs facinoribus
    egregiis
    faeinoribus vobis laudem atque gloriam oompararetis. Res
    autem,
    autern, quae ad eiusmodi finem
    linern magis pertineat quam bonarum st udium I

    litterarum,
    ltterarum, nulla profecto esse otest.
    potest.
    30 .tque l.ribu
    .bu .. put.,."..,nt
    put.'erunt B
    tuU. i" "'MI.
    "'''''.

    ORA TI0NES.
    T10NE.S.

    255

    Quod cum ita


    sit, efficitur, ut litterae
    litter.e graecae
    gr.ecae quam maxime 6.
    sint vobis necessariae. Sunt enim adeo utiles, ut frustra quispiam
    latinis
    latns operam dare videatur, nisi graecis quoque, a quibus hae emanaverunt, incumbere atque inserv:ire
    inservire velit. Qui enim
    enm graecas litteras
    5 neglexerit, is eo omni adiumento, quod ad sua.s
    suas litteras addiscendas,
    conservandas amplificandasque maiores vestri
    vest e graeco
    fonte haurire
    eonservandas
    solebant, omnino earebit.
    solebaJ1t,
    carebit. Quod apertissime illorum maxime ignorantia
    ostendit, quos hoc in
    10c0
    10<:0 nominare non
    est necesse,
    neeesse, qui cum
    curn graecam
    graecarn
    linguam ac disciplinam neglexerint, non
    solum aliquid egregii
    ipsi B
    3
    ~3
    10
    conficere, sed ne
    antiquorum quidem scripta intelligere potuerunt. Ita
    nullas litteras
    ltteras assequi possunt, qui graecas
    sequuntur. Mercurium
    graeeas non
    Aegyptii
    AYpt duplici simu1acro
    simulaero designare solebant, iuvene scilicet apud
    senem collocato. Oratio latina, nisi graecae coniungatur,
    coniugatur, pulchr.
    pulchra atque
    absoluta simul esse nuUo
    nullo pacto poterit. Unde M.
    . Tullius, linguae
    lnguae
    15 vestrae facile
    facHe princeps, non
    ante ad forum accessisse dicitur, quam
    Athenis orationem latinam
    latnam litteris atticis struxisset, seque ad rempublicam gerendam multo ante paravisset. Qui et ad eiceronem
    Cceronern filium
    {im
    scribens se ad suam utilitatern
    utilitatem semper eum
    cum graecis latina eoniunxisse
    coniunxisse
    ingenue profitetur, eumque, ut idem faciat, magnopere
    ma.gnoere hortatur.
    20
    Neque vero
    in
    his solum, sed ceteris etiam in
    rebus amplissimum
    amplissirnurn 6.
    .
    ex graeca disciplina fructum
    fructurn eapere
    capere poteritis. Est
    E st enim, adolescentes
    optimi, est tanta graecarum litterarum utilitas,
    ut si quis res Romanorum diligenter perspexerit, facHe
    facle intelligat, quod nisi disciplina in- B
    3~
    ~~
    stitutioque
    sttutioque optima fuisset, ne illa
    i11a quidem, quae peregerunt, praecIara
    praedara
    25 esse potuissent. Nam
    ut senat
    senatum,
    um, forum, iudicia omittam, sive rern
    rem
    militarem eonsiderare
    considerare voluerimus, M.
    . Brutum, C. Caesarern,
    Caesarem, L.
    L . Lucullum
    LucuUum
    innumerabilesque
    innumerablesque alios admirabimur, qui ita graecas litteras tenuerunt,
    ut non

    facile iudicari
    iudieari possit, in
    utra tandem lingua fuerint eloquentiores,
    sive pacem
    pacern illam diuturnam
    diuturna.m et confirmationem
    confirrnationem rerum omnium populi
    3(1 Romani cogitaverimus,
    oogitaverimus, Numam
    Nurnam Pompilium,
    Pompiliurn, quem discipulum Pythagorae Samii
    Sam vel potius Italici phlosophi
    philosoph i fuisse plerique historicigraviores
    historieigraviores
    asserunt, omnia ferme Graecorum exemplo constituisse reperiemus, sive
    sve
    aliquam antiquitatis partem animadverterimus,
    anirnadverterimus, nusquam graecas
    litteras abfuisse intelligemcs.
    intellgemcs. Quibus ex
    rebus illud
    il1ud quoque verissime
    3:;
    a:; vobis affirmare possum nullam neque tantam neque tam variam rem
    esse, ad quam vel
    eognoscendam
    cognoscendam vel
    adipiscendam litterae graecae B
    54

    sint magnam utlitatem


    non
    utilitatem allaturae.
    Quamobrem, optirni
    opm ado]escentes,
    adolescentes, vos
    !; etiam a tque etiam hortor,7.
    ut ad eas litteras addiscendas omnern

    ornnem operam ac diligentiam adhibeatis,


    j() ut simul ex
    eis
    !; fructum,
    fruetum, quem dixirnus,
    dixmus, capere possitis. Proponite,
    quaeso, vobis maiores vestros, viros elarissimos
    clarssimos imitandos, qui propter
    summam graecarurn
    gr.ecarum litterarum eruditionem viri
    doctissimi atque eloquentissimi
    quentssmi evaserunt, et irnprimis
    mprimis M.
    . Tulliurn,
    Tullium, qui supra eeteros
    ceteros alios

    THEOOOR(
    THEOOORI GAZAE

    auctores Demosthenem ac
    ae Platonem
    Platonern lectitare semper est solitus,
    5O!itus,
    ut
    pares Demosthenis Philippicis orationes reddere et dialogos Platonis
    laHne
    Iatine effingere posset, eieinde
    deinde M.
    . Brutum, qui graeca.s epistolas ita
    eloquenter a se scriptas reliquit,
    reliqUt, !
    ut eas Graeci in
    i hunc
    hune usque diem
    tamquam optimi generis epistolarum
    epistolarurn el(ernplurn
    e1(empIUm consideraverint, tum
    turn 6
    L. Lucullum
    Lueullum et postea Albinum, qui
    qU historias
    histoas graece elegantissime
    elegantissie
    B
    54
    M scripserat, praeterea vestrorum po!tarum
    potarum pncipem
    principern Vergilium.
    Vergilium, qui
    paene totus Homerica illa
    Hla divinitate est factus,
    faetus, denique innumerabiles
    innurnerabiles
    alios, quos percensere
    pereensere longum esset. Quos, quaeso, dies ac
    ae noctes vobis
    ante oculos
    ocuIos pomte,
    porote, ewn
    cum praesertim haec una sit vera ratio, qua vestras 10
    litteras
    Jtteras superiorum
    superiorurn hominum incuria ac
    ae negligentia
    negligenta penitus amissas
    primum recuperare, deinde servare, postremo etiam amplificare
    amplifcare possitis.
    S.
    Fuerunt eomplures,
    complures, qui, quamvis
    quamis multos per annos
    <os alUs
    a1is in
    rebus
    elaboravissent, nihil tamen
    tarnen aut eerte
    certe parum sibi, patae
    patriae civibusque
    ciibusque
    suis prodesse potuerunt. Vos
    os autem,
    autern, Si
    si hisce litteris dignam operam 16
    tri
    praestiteritis, vobis vestrisque omnibus penaxime
    pennaxime utiles esse poteritis.
    Vietorinus Feltrensis, ne longius exempla petantur, aetatis nostrae
    Victorinus
    vir
    optimus idemque
    idernque doctissimus fuit. Qui
    quoniam, quamdiu vixit.
    ix,
    latinas eum
    cum graecis litteras coniungendo quam plurimis profuit, nunc
    nune
    B
    M
    non solum propter virtutem
    irtutem beatus.
    beatus, sed restituendae quoque
    quque latinae20
    linguae imprimis adiutor et auctor habetUf. Hi
    etiam viri
    clarissimi
    clarissmi
    Johannes Aurispa
    AuSpa et Guarinus Veronensis, quoniam idem magna cum
    diligentia iam
    iarn diu fecerunt hod.ieque
    hodieque faeere
    facere non cessant, profecto in

    hoc genere laudis nullo sunt inferiores. Denique aiii,


    a1i, qui bonis litteris
    faverint, graecis id potissimum litteris assecuti
    faverint.
    assecut (sunt>. Quo circa, quem 25
    26
    admodum
    admod.um latinis.
    latinis, ita et graecis litteris
    ltteS pariter inserviendum
    inseriendum est.
    9.
    Quod
    Quod. si quis utrique linguae operam dare non possit, Graec<lrum
    Graecrum
    potius disciplinae se dedat, quod
    quod. Romani non
    sine ratione fecisse
    traduntur. Nam ut aJia
    alia pleraque, quae minus propria esse videntur,
    ita peregna
    peregrina lingua in
    iuniori
    no aetate meliu.s
    melius faciliusque perdiscitur.30
    Quemadmodurn
    Quemadmod.um enim in molliori cera signa, quae paulo
    pauJo obscuriora
    sunt, expressius imagines suas imprimant,
    mpma, ita in
    iuniorum
    iunorum animis
    aninlis
    B
    65 alienae litterae firmius
    firmus atque altius
    a1t inhaerent. Quamobrem, studio-sssimi adolescentes, ceteris aliis
    alUs posthabitis rebus nunc
    nune maxime
    maxme graecis
    sissimi
    litteris
    ltteris incumbite
    ineumbite atque auctore Horatio:
    Homtio:
    311
    .nune exemplaria
    .nunc
    exemplaa graeca
    nocturna versate manu, versate diurnat
    diurnac .
    Graiis namque ingenium.
    ingenium, Gras
    Graiis dedit ore rotundo
    Gram
    Musa loqui.t
    loqu.
    10Demosthenes varios
    arios orationis
    oratonis ductus vimque dicendi
    dieendi tantam vos
    vos.o
    olO
    docebit, quantam nullus umquam orator post hominum memoriam
    36 Horat. De
    Oe arte po!tt.
    poft. 260)811.
    269~.

    38 Horat. De
    811.
    Oe arte poe,
    poet, 323
    323~'

    267
    207

    OR~TlONES.
    OR~tONES.

    assequi .
    potuit. Plato admirabilem dignitatem iucunditatemque
    iucundtatemque orationis
    vobis
    vob.s ante oculos ponet. Homerus expressam poHicae imitationem
    suavitatemque
    suaVtatemque mirae cuidam magnitudini coniunctam et omnia dicendi
    genera, mores hominum rerumque naturas in
    Hlo
    vario
    va ac uchem
    pulcherrimo
    praediea5 earmine,
    carmine. quod ab omnibus tamquam divinum
    dvinum quoddam opus praedca
    tur, vobis apertissirne
    apertissime osten
    ostendet.
    det. Aderunt prneterea
    praeterea vobis Aristotelis
    libri,
    lbri, viri in
    omni
    litterarurn
    Jtteraum genere doctissimi, ita emendati atque B
    M
    6
    incorrupti, ut ab Hlo
    scripti sunt, quorum
    quoum utate
    puritate atque integritate
    ntegtate
    non
    modo veram disciplinarum
    disciplinarurn scientiam vobis cornparare, sed alios
    alos
    10 quoque multos
    rnultos Hs
    is omnibus difficultatibus
    diffieultatibus atque erroribus,
    errobus. quibus interpretationes plenae sunt, faciJe
    facile liberare tets.
    poteritis. Nemo vestrum, eurn
    cum
    Aristote1em grae<:e legerit,
    Jegerit, obscurum aut asperum, sed clarum potius
    Aristote1ern
    ae lenem
    ac
    lenern esse dicet.
    dieet, barbarumque illum interpretem,
    interpretern, qui grae<:ae
    pariter ac
    ae latinae
    latnae linguae ignarus
    ignaus fuit, non
    traduxisse Aristotelem,
    16 sed potius invertisse ac confudisse cognoscet. Quid de Xenophonte
    Socratico dicam.
    diearn, euius
    cuius !ibros
    libros M.
    . Cato apud Ciceronem
    Cceronem propter summam
    illorum utilitatem Laelium
    Lae!iurn Scipionemque
    Scipionernque diligenter legere hortatur?
    Quid de eeteris
    ceteris quoque graecis auetoribus
    auctoribus loquar
    loquar?? Dies me eerte
    certe
    deficiet, si
    S ~tas, oratores, historicos,
    histcos, philosophs
    philosophos a1iosque
    aliosque permultos
    20 scriptores enumeravero, ex quibus omnibus legendis non
    mediocrem
    medocrem B
    56IIS"
    utilitatem cum
    eurn ad res privatas tum
    turn ad. publicas
    publieas et in
    bello et in pace
    eonsequi
    consequi possumus. Huie
    Huic vero tantae graecarum litterarum utilitati
    ooniuncta est tanta honestas, tanta gloria ac
    ae laus, ut ad earum studium
    coJ1iuncta
    rnagnopere invitari
    Non minus enim quam ipsa v:irtus
    virtus
    omnes magnopere
    inVtari debeant.
    2~ ab Hs
    is rebus, quae plus utlitatis
    utilitatis quam
    quarn honestatis
    honestats habeant, differre
    qui ppe cum
    eurn morta1es
    mortales hac
    hae una potissimum
    potissirnum re gloriarn consequi
    videtur, quippe
    et immorta1es
    imrnortales effici possint. L. Lucullus
    Lueullus non
    tam
    tarn gloriari solebat,
    so]ebat, quod
    res contra
    coJ1tra Mithridatem
    Mithridatern maximas gessisset, quam quod graeca lingua
    historial
    hista .. eonscripsisset.
    conscripsisset. Nec
    Nee tam
    tarn doluit triumpho ei aliquando per30 negato, quam gavisus est disputationibus, quas erebro
    crebro cum
    eurn Graecis
    habere consuevit. Crassus etiam, vir eJoq
    eloquentissimus,
    uentissimus , non
    e divitiis,
    diVts,
    quas ossidebat,
    possidebat, sed e defensionibus,
    defe.sionibus, quas graecis latinisque
    Jatinisque litteris
    ftetus
    fretus assidue suscipiebat,
    suscipiebat , gloriam
    glam quaesivit, Nam pecunia quidem B
    57
    opinione iniuriae
    nuae haud
    baud facile diu earere
    carere potest. Quod Crassoque eonticonti3/igisse dicitur. Bonarum verum artium
    3ligisse
    artiurn studia non
    minus auctoritatis
    auetoritatis
    ac gloriae quam utilitatis veris possessoribus eomparant.
    comparant.
    quispiarn vestrum, adolescentes optimi, haec
    haee 11.
    Sed forsitan dixerit
    dxerit quispiam
    quidem, !
    ut dixi, ita se habere, rem tamen
    tarnen ipsam difficilem esse.
    esse. Ego
    autem,
    autern, si res magnas
    rnagnas facile
    faeile ac
    ae sine ullo labore comparari posse viderem,
    40 non
    sine ratione id a vobis in
    medium afferri
    affe erederem.
    crederem. Cum vero
    res nulla reperiri queat, quam sine aliquo impenso labore
    Jabore eonsequi
    consequi
    adipiscique possimus.
    possimus, is mihi omni proIsu
    proIsuss ratione carere videtur,
    videtur , qui
    laboris
    abos evitandi causa negligat rem tam
    tarn utilem tamque honestam.
    IIohIor,
    Kohl . ., Kor\llnoJ
    K.r:\lnoJ _ . IIl.
    .

    11

    THEOOORI
    THF.:OI)ORI GAZAE

    Natura rerum humaf1arum


    humanarum haec est, ut quanto maiores, honestioI'(!S
    honestiores
    sunt, tanto plus difficultatis habeant. Non tamen
    tarnen propterea
    pcoptecea
    utilioresque SUf1t,
    S7~
    /S7~ labores erunt fugiendi. Nam si magnarum
    magf1arum rerum causa labores suscipere
    B
    recusaemus, non
    solum parum prudentes et imperiti iudicabimur,
    recusaverimus,
    sed ne
    : vitam
    itam quidem poterimus oonservare. Quae enim
    enm minora sunt, 5
    mabus et regantur et sustineantur, facile amitti possunt,
    nisi a maioribus
    quod ex iis maxime intelligi
    intellg potest, qui civitatibus
    ciitatibus per negligentiam
    negligentam
    amssis pererunt.
    Quae non,
    , quia.
    quia difficiles SUf1t,
    sunt, ces
    res utiles atque
    amissis
    perierunt. Quare
    honestas negligere, sed potus,
    potius, ut fructum
    fructurn ex eis consequamur,
    consequarnur, eniti
    atque oontendere debemus. Neque enim Solon Atheniensis nec Lycurgus 10
    Lacedaemonius,
    Lacedaemon\Js, qui sanctissimas
    sanctissmas suis
    sUlS civibus
    ciibus leges oondiderunt, nec
    Plato, quem omnes Graeci Latinique
    Latnique maxime praedicant, nec alii permulti in
    Aegyptum proficisci destituerunt, quia terra
    tea marique labores
    plurimas ac pericula essent adituri.
    p]urimas
    aditur. Neque Romani AIhenas
    Alhenas frequenter
    petere neglexerunt, ne graecarum
    gaecarum litterarum causa labores capesserent. 15
    16
    Immo
    rn vero
    ero omnes
    ornnes labores ac molestias
    molestia.s ferendas
    ferenda.s putaverunt,
    ut viri

    BIS8clarissimi
    aliquando litterato
    ltterato oUo
    oto fruerentur. ll
    Non enim
    enm
    B/58c1arissimi evaderent et a1iquando
    inanis labor est existimandus,
    existmandus, qui pro futura gloria suscipitur.
    suscipiur. Labores
    Herculem deum
    Hercu1em
    deurn effecerunt,laoores
    effecerunt, labores Numam Pompilium
    Pampilium e curribusSabinis
    in
    " regjam
    regiam populi Romanj
    Romani sedem evexerunt. Denique permulti alii vigi- 2(l
    2(1
    lando, laborando et praeclarssima.s
    praeclarissimas res gerendo in
    deorum
    deo rum numerum
    sunt relaU,
    re1at, quorum omnium in
    " promptu illa est ratio, quam Hesiodus
    simut ac verissime scriptam
    scriptarn reliquit:
    sapientissime simul
    IHip,,-rij,
    t<i

    r~ lIlpw"C'<1

    U &Ilol
    k poiO&~
    'n'po7I'<ipol-,,~ llhjx<l'l.,
    lrxv.,

    Neque tamen
    tarnen res tam
    tarn difficilis est, studiosissimi adolescentes, quatn
    quam ~
    vobis fortasse videtur. Nam, per Deum
    Deurn immortalem. quae tanta in

    litteS addiscendis difficllitas


    diffcltas inesse potest ? Praesertim Latinis.
    eis litteris
    quorum litterae
    Jtterae taf1tam
    tantam eum
    cum g raecis
    raeds similitudinem
    similitudin~m habent 1 Scythis
    forsitan et aliis quibusvis barbaris hoc studium difficUe esse potest,
    quibuscum nihil nobis
    nobs praeter hominis figuram commune est. Vobis30
    8~
    1S8~ autem, qui ad omnis
    oms generis humanitatem atque elegantiam nati esse
    B
    forte ignoratis
    jgnoratis M.
    . Catouem
    Catolleln
    videmini, difficile
    diffici1e esse quid potest? An
    senectute litteras
    ltteras didicisse
    ddidsse 1 Quod si
    sl senex et in
    republica
    republca
    graecas in
    gerenda occupatus id ,
    potuit, adolescens, qui reipublicae
    reipublcae ac familiaris
    familiaS
    tiber esse consuevit et ingenio ac memoria
    mema senibus S5
    gubemandae omnino liber
    longe praestat, non id multo melius
    melus ac facilius poterit?
    18,
    IS,
    Accedunt ad haec cum
    curn mira quaedam temporibus oportunitas,
    oportuJlitas,
    turr. loci
    Iod ipsius non
    mediocris oommoditas, qua
    quo melius
    melus ac liberius
    lberius studs
    studUs
    vestrs inservire
    inservre possitis.
    vestris
    Non enim, quod absit, quia beJlo
    bello patria
    prematur et liberalium artium praeceptoribus careat, necesse habetis 40
    aHa loca, alios quaerere praeceptores. Divus enim
    aJia
    erum Leonellus, priJlcipum
    principum
    12.

    ORATIONES.

    25'

    aetatis nostrae omnium facile


    faeile princeps liberalium
    liberalum artium ac
    ae disciplidSCipli
    narum, collegia vobis domi instituit. Doctores in
    omni
    m litterarum genere
    praestantes undique eonquiri
    conquiri fecit
    feeit civitatemque vestram rebus magnifice
    magnifce B
    69
    adornavit. Pacem, quae studiorum mater est atque alumna
    a1umna peperit,
    6 aluit
    hodiernum usque diem conservavit.
    conseravit. Cui profeeto,
    profecto, si
    , graU
    grati
    a1uit et in
    vos beneiiem,
    beneficia, non
    modo fortunas
    esse voletis, ob immortalia sua in
    vestras, verum etiam vitam ipsam debere non
    negabitis. Quamobrem,
    vestra.s,
    adolescentes optimi ac
    adoiescentes
    ae studiosissimi, ut orationi nostrae modum statuamus munusque, quod vobis polliciti sumus,
    sumus. absolvamus, vehementer
    10 vos
    os etiam atque etiam et hortor et rogo,
    rogo. ut haec
    haee studia, quae et cognitu
    satis facilia
    taeilia et imprimis uti1issma
    utilissima ac
    ae praeclarissima sunt, tot simul
    commoditatibus oblatis animi
    anmi ac
    ae spei pleni alacres
    alaeres suscipiatis eisque
    des ac
    ae noctes incumbatis,
    ineumbatis, neve committatis, ut eum
    cum omnia vobis
    dies
    abunde adsint,
    adSnt, vosmet vobis
    obis per inertiam atque ineuriam
    incuram defecisse
    defeeisse
    15 videamini.
    v.deamini.

    Theodorf 6r.td
    6r.ecI ThessaJonlcensls
    ThessaJonIcensIs

    BOO

    De Reetorat
    Reetoratu..
    Euch.rfsOu
    OratIo,
    E..charfsUca Oratlo.
    Cum mecum ipse cogitarem. illustris princeps et amplissima
    amplssma uni-t.
    uni- t.
    20 versitas eeterique
    ceterique viri
    clarissimi, quid apud vos dicere
    dcere debeam huius
    gratia honoris, quo me
    : hodiemo
    hodlemo die hurnanissime
    humanissime affecistis, ve
    venit
    nit mihi
    mentem
    Themistocies ille Atheniensis, qui, cum apud Persas esset,
    in
    mentern Themistocles
    nondum lingua il10rum
    illorum satis eruditus, rogatus ut persice oraret, recusans
    cuidam ac
    ae pulcherignoscere inquit. Oratio namque persimilis est variae euidam
    25 rimae vesti, quae si
    tota dilatetur,
    dlatetur, ornatissima esse videtur, si
    S constringatur,
    potest. Etenim recte iIle ac
    stringatur. pulchritudo eius patere non
    ae
    pulchre id oratione asseruisse videtur.
    v.detur. Nam ipsae orationis inventae
    sententiae quaevis
    quaeis aptae gravesque sint, tamen,
    tarnen, nisi
    plene pronunttentur
    pronuntientur
    electisque vocabulis
    vocabulS et congruis eonstruetionibus
    constructionibus non
    sine venustate
    y
    30ae lepore quodam explicentur, ieiunam quandam, angustam penitusque B
    30ac
    60
    6
    defonnem orationem contexunt. Quamobrem etsi eiusmodi dictum
    Themistoclem magis deceat
    ut hominem patema.
    patema eloquentia praestantissimum, tamen
    tarnen eo magis mea id interesse arbitror, quod ego verba
    apud vos fadam,
    faciam, homines multo eloquentiores illis, qui Themistoclem
    sr; audire desiderabant. Ego magnitudinem et elegantiam dicendi nec
    nee
    mea paterna Iingua
    Ingua poIliceri
    polliceri audeo.
    Non enim valeo tantum. Ob aetatem
    tarnen satis iam longam assiduosque
    tamen
    asSduosque labores me quoque nonnihil
    nonnihl
    27 vldetur]
    v ldewr] B
    ","
    : .
    . .. aoseruit.
    aseruit.

    260

    THEODORI GAZAE
    G

    Graecorom
    Graecon.m litteris
    IHS p>Se
    posse aliqui fortas5e
    fortasse putabunt, modo bengnius
    benignius de
    roe
    velint iudicare. In
    hac autem
    autern vestrae linguae oratione, in
    qua n05
    nos
    plane hospites sumus, fieri
    non
    potest, quin
    quill longe
    Ionge duriores
    durioTes ac inopes
    omnino
    esse videamur. Quapropter me plurimum dubitasse fatoor.
    fateor,
    an quicquam latine dicere debeam, praesertim apud VOS,
    os, ad quos 5
    omnia copiose exquisiteque feferri
    refer oportet.
    2.
    Sed euro
    c res ipsa roe
    tacere non
    sinat, quinimmo ad dicendum
    hortetur impellatque vehementer, dabitis ve niam, eloquentissimi viri,
    ,
    B
    61 si ego in
    hoc a1ieno
    alieno genere dicendi versari videar.
    vdear. Atque illud certo
    putetis roe
    non
    aliqua ostentatione inani, sed temporis
    !; necessitate 10
    latinam
    latnam orationem habere volu isse. Enimvero
    quid turpius
    !> fieri
    lied possit
    quam gratias silentio praeterire. quas quispiam agere debeat honore
    affeetus, si modo aliquo
    affectus,
    alquo acto
    paeto verba facere
    faeere queat.
    Non enim qui eloquenter dixerit, is gratus efficiosusque
    cfficiosusque habetur, sed qui
    < vere ac
    ae sincere
    sineere
    animi gratitudinem modo, quo tandem possit, expresserit, is
    s recte 15
    officio suo funct
    funet us esse videtur.
    universitas, gratias acturus,
    ut possum,
    3.
    Vobis igitur, amplissima univeft;itas,
    ego surrexeram, ne quis
    <!; aut ingrat itudine m aut insensationi euidam
    cuidam
    tacitumitatem meam attribuat. Quorum alterum a meis moribus
    alienum omnino est. Alterum non
    adeo hebeti ac
    ae obtuso ingenio sum, 20
    !
    Curn enim in
    aliis permultS
    ut mihi iure imputetur. eum
    permultis rebus inteUexissem,
    tum
    hae
    c designatbne
    designati:)ne reetoratlls
    rectorats mei novi
    optime prudentiam humaturn in
    B
    61 nitatemque vestram tantam esse,
    ut non
    iniuria praedicari
    praedieari ipsam ubi
    que summa eum
    cum laude debeat. Etenim eum
    cum summae prudentiae sit
    illa facere,
    faeere, quibus non solum una domus, sed eerto
    certo tota civitas felix
    felx 25
    beataque efficeretur, vos
    os ea plane, quae ad eiusmodi felicitatem spectare potissimum
    potissimurn constat, diligentissiIne
    diligentissime facitis,
    fa:itis, et numquam
    nurnquam id sumffiUffi
    summum
    bonum desit.
    ..
    Pro
    ro viribus operam datis. H onorem enim, quo tamquam alimento
    quodam omnes artes augeri videmus, quo omnes h omines ad studia30
    liberalia
    lbera1ia virtutesque omnes citari solent, honorem, inquam, talltae
    tantae
    utilitatis causam vos liberalissime permultS
    permultis conceditis,
    conceditS,
    ut qui
    < labore
    satis profecerint,praemium perpulchrum
    perpu1chrum hoc habeant vigiliarum suarum,
    qui
    < nondum satis, partim eius gravitate h
    b onoris ad maiora hortentur,
    partm
    partim eiusdem oblectamine
    oblectarnine quodam modo sustentati labores perferan
    perferant 35
    patienter. Quamobrem, quemadmodum qui
    < semen terrae iniecerit,
    inieeerit,
    S plantae exortae causa non
    iniuria
    ini uria dicitur fuisse,
    fULsse, ita vos
    os t am
    arn privatae
    is
    B62quam publicae utilitatis auctores iure optimo appellari debetis. Vos
    enim h onore virtutes a rtesque ... Artes et virtutes, tum
    turn singulas
    domos, tum
    turn civitates omnes felicissimas reddunt. 0 praeclaram utili- 40
    tatem prudentiae ac operae vestrae, 0 miram et rationem,
    rationern, qua res,
    quia utles
    uliles exercentur,
    exereentur, servare, quae negligentia quadam amissae sint,
    facile recuperare potestisl Homines, qui
    < viribus eorporis
    corporis plurimum

    ORATfONES.

    261

    valent, saepenumero facta


    facto impetu temerario non
    solum rebus non
    profuetunt, verum etiam maiorem in
    modum obfuerunt. Vos ad ea, quae
    prudentissime agitis, scmpcr
    scmper tutissime omnibus rebus pcrutiles
    perutiles adestis.
    adestS.
    ltem
    Item quam insolentes eontumeliosique
    contumelosique divites sint,
    si.nt, eeteros
    ceteros omnes con5 temnentes non
    magis altis aedifidis
    aedifics vesteque sumptuosa patriam
    patriarn ornant,
    omant,
    quam ipsam sua eontumelia
    contumelia tu rpi ter inquinant ac
    ae funditus
    fundihIS evertunt.
    Vos summa cum prudentia honorem pluribus pr30estantes
    praestantes honestissimehonestSSime
    que singulos ertr3oct3o
    pertractantes
    ntes ornamentum
    orn3omentum utilit30temque
    utilitatemque rebus patriae
    tantam adiungitis,
    t30ntam
    adiungtis, ut nihil ad earn
    e30m ma.gnitudinem
    magnitudinem accedere
    aecedere possit.
    10
    R aee eum
    Haec
    cum ita esse eonscnsu
    consensu omnium, qui rect e sentiu.nt,
    sentiun t, eonfirmen-Ii.
    confirmen-Ii.
    tur, haud illa humanitas abest, quam prudentia semper eomitari
    comitari solet.
    wlet.
    Id enim ego nullo pacto p raetermittere possum, qui me
    m'! humanitate
    hurnanitate B
    62"
    potissimurn vestra tam
    tarn honoris coIl$eCutum
    consecutum esse intelligo. Alios
    1os enim
    quosdam saepius honorandos putastis, ne
    '! quid iustitiae debitique officii
    offieH
    15 neglexisse videamini.
    videamin. Me vero huic
    huie magistratui praefecistis, ut sane
    humanitatem
    humanita
    tem quandam
    quandarn incredibilem hominibus omnibus explicetis
    cxplicetis ceterosque hortcmini,
    hortemini, ut non
    sempcr
    scmpcr curiosius res singuJa!i
    singulas exquir30nt
    exquirant 3otque,
    atque,
    ut ita dixerim, acerbius iudiccnt,
    iudieent, sed !!
    potius faeilitate
    facilitatc morum et aaequiequitate
    t30tc quadam crebro ut3ontur,
    utantur, malintque p r udentes humani quam severi
    20 insu1si
    insulsi videri, sed
    ut qui (nob >i1itate
    >ilitatc morum . ..
    . . pcriorS
    pcrioris mclior
    melior (ev)adere
    passit, . .. ob aliquam dif<fi
    possit,
    dif<fcultatem
    )cultatem eiusdem ... ipso bo
    bono pri<ve)tur.
    Fit enim, <ut > ego, qui minus rcm
    rem tantam mcrcar,
    merear, omne studi
    studium
    um magis
    magisque adhibere velim, quo me dignior efficiar, non
    aliter atque
    illi,
    11 , qui ficte
    fiete laudati magis
    m ags qua
    quam
    m aperte reprehensi vi
    virtutem
    rtutem saepius
    Na m nisi quis ab omni honestate pcnitus
    penitus abhorreat,
    25 complectuntur. Nam
    et laus relata et magIstratus
    magistratus concessus eum ad
    adhortari
    hortari meliorernque
    meloremque
    reddere potest. Ita
    Ha nec humanitas vestra sine summa prudentia est,
    neque pn.dentia
    prodentia sine humanitate summa, sed altcra
    a ltcra sempcr
    semper a lteram
    comitatur aut sicut
    sieut soror
    soOr sororem aut sicut
    sieut filia
    fila matrem.
    30
    30
    Quas ob res ego, amplissima
    amplissma universitas, non
    aliquo
    alquo iure
    '! meo,
    men, sed 6vestra summa humanitate rectoratum vestri ordinis me fateor adeptum. B
    63
    Quippe
    '! vos, qua
    quaee eontentiosius
    contentiosius alii
    a1ii quaererent, ea
    ca humanissime
    hu manSs ime missa
    facientes me tam
    tarn magno, tamque opt
    optabili
    abi1i magistra
    magistratui
    tui praefecStis,
    praefecistis, me
    munere adeo claro ornastis, ut nulli mei labores, nulla mea pcricula
    pericula mcreri
    mereri
    3Ii potuissent. 0
    incredibilem humanitatem, 0
    morum admirandam
    admira ndam facili
    facilitatern! Quis vos vchemcnter
    tatem!
    vehementer non
    laudet
    laudet?? Quis vestras virtutes ubique
    gentium praedicandas non putet? Nonnulli adeo contentioso, invido
    perersoquc
    perversoque animo sunt, ut si forte is, qui ad magistratum gerendum
    6 "'nam.entl>ml
    on>am.entllm] ornam""tibu.
    ornam""til>u. (1) G
    G.rcl<.
    ..d I 9 "d_alk>
    _", M<:
    Ii<; ;" "' .....0;""
    c;"" faa.
    (aae ;11_
    ;
    pu
    divitii. "'''
    a c eorporis
    ,,..dQ
    inont)
    .. ,,:: Quapropter divitii.
    corporis .. . u,
    t"
    d cc4i<t
    / deku.
    d.eUu. nl.
    ". , 17 ex<"]u
    eX<"j ui",nt}
    ex grat .... G...<I".
    <l<e. I 2()---022 liQbilitale
    lQbilitate .
    . .. .. qui m;nu.]
    minus] i.. ",e.ti
    ",., ... "..,.,.
    pa,li.,. del,lu
    deI.Iu ... ul
    uI
    J1<Iprc.
    $1Iprc. I 38 ro
    n .. gistrarum]
    gistn.tum1 B
    1II
    lII ..git
    gttrandum
    trandum

    262

    THEODOIU GAZAE
    THEODQHI

    eligendus
    eIigendus ,
    propanitur, Graecus $it,
    sit, de graeca et
    ct natione
    natiane contenderent,
    quasi' Graeci barbari quidam essent et
    ct a genere Latinorum alieni, non

    maiores, praeceptores fautoresque tOtiU5 italicae nationis. Vos recte


    Romanos, maiores vestros, homines humanissimos. e vestigio sequentes
    graecos homines vobis coniunctissimos esse religionis, morum,
    moum, artium 5
    omniumque rerum similitudine
    similtudine putatis. Curnque
    Curque nihil de natione
    natioRe a1teraltercetis, turn res alias
    alas pe:rmultas
    permultas gratissimas eis conceditis,
    ut partim
    iusti,
    usti, partim benigni iure vodtari
    vocitari possitis, utque ad humanitatem
    humanitaten
    B
    63 Vv clarissimi priflcipis
    principis nostri
    OS huius Divi LeonelIi
    Leonelli tamquam
    tarnquam ad ideam quantarn et
    tam
    ct exemplum eximiurn benignitatis agere videamini.
    10
    7.
    Hic
    enim
    cnim ita humane affines
    omnes homines
    ho:nines Graecos diligit atque honorat,
    ita benigne res singulas eis largitur, ut facile
    facle alter Titus Flaminius
    FIaminius
    nostra aetate erga Graecos es.se
    esse videretur. Nec mihi eontradieturum
    contradicturum
    aliquem
    alquem arbitror, si hunc
    hune non
    minus
    '~),,')).'>l"ll appellandum dixerim
    dxerim
    quam Flaminium ilJum. Paritas enim humanitatis liberalitatisque in
    Hi

    graecam nationem facit,


    faeit, ut eognomenquoque
    cognomenquoque par iure optimo sortiatur.
    Quamobrem quo magis laudandum humanissimum hunc
    hune principem
    fateri omnes debemus,
    debernus, sed ob eam humanitatem et benefcentiam,
    beneficentiam,
    qua homines Graecos sibi maiorem in
    modum eoniunxerat,
    coniunxerat, eo magis
    la udem nostram video augendam. Fit enim,
    ut exempli
    exempl magnitudinem,20
    quod vobis proposueritis, ingenua ipsa imitatio
    ImItatio mensuram laudis maiorem eonsequi
    consequi debeat.
    8.
    Accedit ad haec,
    haee, amplissima erstas,
    universitas, mutua benivolentia, quam
    vos erga me habere multis in
    rebus iam pridem explicastis. Quo quidem
    qudem
    animo ita vos
    ad me
    m: eJigendum er
    cr eandumque rectorem promptos fuisse2~
    64inte.1ligo.
    qt.\1m meae vires ante rem ipsam superentur, nullo
    ll
    B
    Minte.1ligo.
    ut q\Hlnt,nffi
    paeto animadvertere vol ueritis, remque intolerabilem quaeri existimapacto
    veritis,
    vertis, nisi me hominem, quem plurimum dilexistis,
    diIexists, primae dignitatis
    vestri
    ordinis praefectum videritis. Quantum, qui diligunt,
    dilgunt, concedere
    coneedere
    debeant, fadle
    facile eogitastis.
    cogitastis. Quam pauca
    pauea merear ego, nul10
    nullo pacto
    paeto animad- 30
    vertendum PItastis.
    putastis. Omnia vincit amor. Apicem meritorum nostrorum
    iam mihi imposuistis.
    ut nihil
    nihl desit ad summi amoris
    amOMS indicium.
    9.
    Quae eum
    cum ita sint, ego,
    ut debeo, rem totam prudentiae, humanitati, benivolentiae vestrae attribuo, vobisque gratias aga
    ago non
    solu m
    meum, sed etiam hominum omnium meorum animum explicans.
    explieans. Nam S5
    a5
    si quis
    qUi5 amor fratrum, amicorum,
    amieorum, familiarium
    familarium erga me
    m: sit,
    5, si quam
    benivolentiam propriam in
    benivoientiam
    me habeant,si quid eadtalis
    caritatis natio Graecorum
    miM
    mhi impertiatur,
    Impertiatur, hos omnes ore meo gratias vobis agere velim
    velm putetis.
    Id enim, quod mihi concessistis, si concessum
    coneessum illi
    ill omnino existimabunt,
    eonabunturque
    conabunturque omnes mecumgratossese debitoresvobisexhibere,
    debitoresvobisexhihere, quoad ''0
    "
    maxime possint. ReIiquum
    Relquum est, amplissima
    amplssima universitas, ut rei susceptae fautorem invocem, Deum
    Deurn immortalem.
    immortalern. Quam quidem invocatio-

    ORATIONES.
    ORATlONES.

    263

    nem eommunem
    nern
    communem vobiscum habeam, vos
    os hortor et rogo: Tu igitur, pater
    omnipotens. qui
    nos
    os omnes et ereasti
    creasti et ad hunc
    hune usque diem clementSSme conservasti, qui solus eausa
    causa potissma
    potissima es omnium
    mm rerum bonarom,
    bonarum, B
    64'
    64 y
    tissime
    ut status huius praeclarae universitatis ineolumis
    incolumis amplissimusque
    eftice,
    .s5 semper eonservetur,
    conservetur, et nos, qui ad hunc
    hune gerendum accessimus, eommode
    commode
    ae honoritice
    ac
    honorifice gubemare possimus. Dixi.

    Theodor1
    Theodorl Gr.etI
    Gra~tI TheuaIonItensis
    Th~ssalonlt~Rsis

    B68
    68

    In
    Deponendo Insigne
    Inslgne Rettoratus
    Redor.tus

    Oratlo.
    Or.tIo.
    Hodiernus dies, amplissima
    amplssima universitas, vosque eeteri
    ceteri viri
    elarissimi,
    classm , I.
    .
    finem magistratui meo imponit, principium
    prindpium exhibet alIeri
    alteri honoris, rectorem postulat novum. Quamobrem insigne, quo
    me ornandum summa
    sumrna
    eurn
    cum humanitate putastis, egregia universitas, hoc ego depositurus
    accessi,cessurusque
    aecessi,cessurusque ei,quem adeundem magistratum gerendum elegistis.
    15 Idque non
    animo quodam iniquo
    ac
    ae tristi facio.
    faeio. Sed,
    ut libenter
    Iibenter magistratum aecepi,
    accepi, ita libenti animo dimitto. Tunc
    Tune enim consensu5
    consensus vester in

    turn
    me eligendum
    creandumque rectorem
    deleetabat, nunc
    nune
    eligendurn ereandurnque
    reetorem me vehementer deiectabat,
    comprobatio et laus
    Iaus ipsa, quam is consequitur, qui
    bene magistratum
    cornprobatio
    gesserit statutisque vestris paruerit, me
    m:: non
    minore laetitia me Dius
    20 Fidius
    Fidus affidt.
    afficit.
    Puto enim me ila rem susceptam egisse.
    ut fadle
    facle apud quemque 2.
    rne impudentia
    impudent:ia deterret illorum,
    illornm, B
    68'
    iudicem iustum probari possim. Nec me
    qui se ob iniurias multas os
    punitos esse molestissime ferunt.
    fernnt. Testes enim
    ostenvos omnes habeo rationum mearum. Quantum ego humanitatis o5ten25 derarn!
    derarn ! Quoties vel humanissimus quispiam perturbaretur, nullus est
    vestrum, qui
    ignoret. Sed profccto
    profecto hominum pessimorum eontumelia
    contumelia
    tanta fuit,
    ut neque ego ipse tranquillo
    tranquiIlo animo semper esse potuerim.
    potuedm.
    Sed me fatcor
    fateor nonnulla et di.lCisse
    di.cisse et fecisse acerbius, quam morurn
    morum
    esset meorum, multo tamen benignius omnia, quam perversitas mereba30 tur
    eorum, qui
    me
    rne ad illa
    iUa eompulerunt.
    compuIernnt. Quapropter si
    5 ego ab aliis
    iudcari deberem, fortasse
    forta.s~e timidior essem,
    rem ipsam
    iudicari
    essern, ne homines, qui
    ignorant, ealumniis
    calumns adversariorum
    adersarum credentes sententiam
    sententam de me iniquius
    !!
    dieant. eurn
    dicant.
    Cum vero vos
    os futuri iudices sitis, qui
    meam erga omnes vestri
    ordinis bonos
    banos benivolentiam perspexistis, qui
    saepius industriam
    ndustam ac B
    69
    361abores
    31> labores meos pro eomrnuni
    communi utilitate probavistis, qui
    pessima!
    pessimos illos, qui

    impetus
    irnpetus in
    me faciebant, semper odio
    od habuistis libenterque eos ab ordine
    ordne
    vestro expel1eretis
    expelleretis tamquam
    tarnquam inimicos communes
    cornmunes et perersos
    perversos ma1edicos
    maledicos
    10
    iO

    26<
    2"

    THEODORI GAZAE
    THEODORl

    omnium, eurn,
    cum, inquam. vos futuri mei syndici sitis,
    sits, non
    est,
    est. quod
    dubitare debeam, an
    iusta mtio
    ratio dictorum factorumque rneorum plu$
    plus
    valeat quam hominum maIorum
    malorum ca1umniae
    calumniae atque iniquae accusationes.
    3.
    Sed iam
    i30m ad id, quod proposui, veniam. Nescio, amplissima universi
    las,
    tas, an
    qui.spiam
    quispiam creatus rector magis laetari debeat quam fun
    fU etus
    ctus 5
    bene rectoratus officio
    offido arbitratusque in
    fine temporis parendurn esse
    es.se
    legibus et
    el universitats
    universitatis praecepto. Nam etsi honore celens
    ceteris anteponi
    anteponL
    pu1chrum esse videatur.
    pulchrum
    videatUf. tamen
    tarnen iuste agere ac
    c superiori honeste iubenti
    parere mea
    roea sententia longe
    loge pu1chrius
    pulchriU$ est. Quamobrem ego laeto,
    B
    69
    69"
    ut dixi,
    , animo insigne hoc rectoratus coram vobis depono. rectori
    rectoTi e!ecto
    electo 10
    facile cedo, me vobis
    vabis examinandum iudicandurnque exhibco, quemadmodum leges vestri ordinis iubeant.

    B70
    70

    Theodorl Gaue
    Gazac

    GraeeI Thessalonlcensls
    ThessaIonIecnsIs
    Graeel
    In
    Rectorem
    Rcetorem Noyum
    um OraUo.

    Etsi res, quam mihi universta.s


    universitas eUiciendam
    eliciendam imposuit, homine quoquadam in
    dicendo copioso egeat, et eo pIane,
    plane, qui omnia exquisite ac
    ornatissime referret, atres
    tamen ipsius ordinis auctoritas
    aucttas
    patres amplissimi, tarnen
    facit, ut ego, qui in
    hoc dicendi geDere
    genere timidior, ut debeo, sum, audacior
    esse videar. Quamvis enim homines
    honnes ilIos,
    llos, quos veI
    vel aliena
    a1iena lingua
    lngua adeo20
    valuisse accepimus,
    vaiuisse
    aecepimus,
    ut pleraque per eam ambitiosius orare possent,
    miratus saepius sim, attingere tamen
    tarnen nec
    nee minimam partem eorum
    equidem potu.
    potui. Quapropter limites
    Iimites proprios servans libentius
    lbentius semper
    lingua utor paterna et, nisi res aIiqua
    aliqua cogat, latinam
    Iatinam orationem dimitto.
    Sed, quernadmodum
    quemadmodum dixi,
    dxi, universitatis ipsius auctoritas
    auctorita.s mihi adeo25
    B
    70- persuadet.
    ut rcm,
    rem, quae meas
    rneas superat vires,
    vres, aggredi
    aggred auderem
    auderern et, nisi
    5
    omnia, quac ipsa iusserit, faciam, me magnum quendam errorem com~
    mittere putarem.
    mittcre
    2.
    Dicam igitur, ut possurn,
    possum, de hoc viro,
    , qui ob singularem
    5ingUlarem virtutem
    sententia omnium elec.:tus
    e:tus rector hodierno die creandus adest. Principium
    ncum 30
    au tem orationis' inde sumendum videtur, unde hic ortus educatusque
    edueatusque
    est, et
    ut naturam ipsam
    ipsa.m sequatur oratio. Quamobrem parentes
    imprimis laudari dcbent,
    debent, qui virtute egregia
    cgregia praediti hunc
    hune egregium
    genuerunt, et ante parentes patria et provincia praedicanda profecto
    est,
    e5t, quae parentum quoque ipsorum ncum
    principium quoddam {uisse
    fusse videtur. 3Ii
    3
    1.

    ORATIONES.

    ,.,
    ,..

    Provincia itaque, quam


    quarn noster hic Michael sortitur, Sicilia esf,
    est, quae S.
    tanto spado
    spatio maris ab Italia
    Jtalia seiungitur,
    seiungtur. quanto insula quidem redderetur.
    Vicina vero ita est Italiae,
    ut eam nonnulli
    l coniunctam
    coniunctarn olim fuisse
    confabularentur. Unde nec rebus privaur,
    privatur, quibus mellor
    melior pars ftaliae
    6 abundat, quinimmo omnia copiosius habet, et ipso ambitu maris
    rnaris
    tutissime
    tutissme munitur. Ita praeterea versus meridiem tendit, ut et situm B
    7l
    71
    commodissimum habeat, sive in
    Africam sive in
    Aegyptum sive in

    eommodissimum
    Graeciam
    Graeciarn navigare oporteat, et in
    a!ris maxima temperie ac
    ae salubritate
    maneat. Unde fit,
    maneat.
    ut et ipsa rerum copiosissima
    copiosSSima sit.
    sil. et quae alibi naseunna.scun10 tur, facile in
    eam
    earn portentur. Poi!tae
    Po!tae igitur Proserpinam hinc raptam
    esse cantent atque pratum
    praturn ostendant.
    ostendant, unde Pluto puellam flore5
    flores colligentem accepit. Nos ob fructuum ubertatem maximam
    m aximam eius 100
    Iod fabulam
    lactam esse arbitrari debemus. His
    s autem rebus congruarn
    congruam habiistam factam
    tationem quoque habuerat.
    habuerat. Populosa enim haec insula semper fuit
    fUlt et

    16 e5t.
    est . Urbes permultae in
    ea conditae sunt, quarom magnitudo ac
    ae pulchritudo hoc etiam tempore servatur. Permulti in
    ea elaruerunt
    claruerunt tam
    tarn artibus
    liberalibus quam re
    militari.
    militar. Invidiosa euique
    cuique imperio fuit , atque, ut
    rex ille
    Pyrrhus dicebat, Carthagiensium et
    el Romanorum magna palaestra.
    laestra.
    20
    Huius tam
    t a rn commodae tamque ornatae insulae urbs omnium.
    omnium, quae"
    in
    ea sunt, maxima Panormum efficitur partm
    partim loci
    Iod opportunitate
    eximia, partim usu multarum
    multaum rerum faeiliore.
    facliore . Montibus haec civitas
    non
    minus
    m!> munitur quam ceterae muris
    m!> et
    el fossa. Fluminibus abundat,
    quibus eeterae
    ceterae earentes
    carentes tanto minus laudis eonsequuntur,
    consequuntur, quanto minus
    26capiunt
    2 utlitatis.
    utilitatis. Quin etiam reliqua, quibus civitatis situs ac
    ae 100
    natura praestare videtur, Panormum aut

    a ut meliora habet aut certe non


    deteriora. fis
    !> vero. qua
    quaee artis ingenui fortunaeque sunt, non
    solurn
    solum
    ceteras omnes Siciliae civitates superat, verurn
    verum etiam primariis Italiae
    facile comparatur. Ita aedificiis
    aedificis tam
    tarn privatis quam publicis structa est
    30 magnifice atque ornate. Artes omnes in ea eXCfccntur.
    exercentur. Litterarurn
    Litterarum studia
    f1orent
    florent . Singula magistratibus miro ordine gubernantur. Civis
    C!> summa
    benivoientia civi conjungitur.
    benivo1entia
    coniungitur. Advenae a civibus honorantur atque
    amantur. Colitur iustitia,
    iustita, colitur pietas vehementer. P
    Populus
    opulus ille quamvis maximus sit, tarnen
    tamen non
    minus
    uno consensu principi suo parere B
    72
    3~ videtur
    3>
    vdetur quam homo unus,
    \Jnus, qui moratus optime sit.
    Huius praestantissimae urbis familiae antiquae
    antquae ac nobi1es
    nobiles sunt 6.
    .
    Nucioum
    Nuciorum atque Perusiorum, quarnm
    quarum utraque eum
    cum semper homines
    tum parentes huius
    produxerat in

    egregios patriae exhibuisset, turn


    hu ius viri
    lucem Nicolaum Nuciurn
    Nucium et Matthaeam Pernsiam,
    Perusiam, qui exempla maiorum
    maiOfUm
    4.O suorum egregie imitati c1arissimi
    clarissmi evasere, Qui non
    minus
    m!> virtutis quam
    4.Osuorum
    nobilitatis ac
    nobi1itatis
    ae divitiarum
    diVtiarum paritate matrimonio coniuncti
    coniunct integernme
    integerrlme
    vixere. Multa praeclara Nicola
    Nicolaii Nucii Siculi
    Siculi amnes
    omnes praedicant,
    praed icant, iUa
    illa
    vero imprimis,
    impmis, prudentiam summam, amorem erga patriam summum.

    THEODORI GAZAE

    Non iIIum
    i divitias
    divitas

    sibi solum
    soIum possedisse, verum etiam patriae atque
    amicis libentius
    llbentius illum
    m pro communi utlitate
    utilitate expendere consuevisse,
    consueVsse,
    quam alii lucrentur.
    luerentur. Nec patriam ingratam in
    eum fuisse aiunt. sed
    eius meritis ita honorando satisfedsse,
    satisfecsse, ot
    non
    magis ea laudari debeat
    propter primarium
    primariurn civern,
    civem, quarn
    quam is propter gratam
    gratarn et
    benefcam
    beneficam civi- 5
    tatern.
    tatem.
    6.
    e.
    Sed debuerunt certe, qui vktute
    virtute ita claruerunt, qui !elici
    felici concOD 72" nubio copulati fuerunt , similem
    similern sibi ipsis generare, Platonisque
    PIatonisque iIIud
    illud
    B
    pulcherrirnum
    puIcherrimum dictum confirmare,
    confinare, quo filios hanos
    bonos esse asserit, quia
    ex bonis nati fuere. Neque enim semen perfectum teITae
    terme iniectum
    iniecturn op- 10
    timae plantam vitiosam
    vitiosarn emittit,
    , neque bo
    boni parentes pravos filios
    generare possunt.
    possunl. Quamobrem nascitur
    nasdtur hic
    hie fato felici, educatur
    honestissime,
    jJonestissime, !
    ut debuit filius fortunatorum
    fortunatorom parentum, instituitur ac
    eruditur diligentissime
    dilgentissime patriae moribus atque disciplina.
    dsciplina. Mox
    igitur
    in
    prima aetate Michaelis indoiem
    indolem ac
    ae professionem naturae admirari 15
    debemus. Hie
    Hc enim prolis
    prolls optimae fuerat exemplum et naturae, ut
    ita dixerim, magnificum
    rnagnificurn opus.
    . Parentibus omnibus in
    rebus parebat.
    Pudor in
    eo erat. Maiores natu honorabat. Loquebatur honeste. Imitabatur ingeniose. Litterarum ac
    ae fabularum cupidus erat, quibus maxime
    puer natus ad maiora et philosophiam ipsam explicatur.
    20
    7.
    Cum vero esset adolescens, tunc iam expresse ostendit, quod genus
    73 vivendi alienum sibi vendicabit, quamve profitebitur scientiam. QuamB
    quam enim vires corporis non
    ineptas
    Ineptas ad arma
    ana habebat, tamen
    tarnen rem
    militarem
    m\itarem germanis
    genanis suis exercendam
    exercendarn relinquens ipse sibi studiosam
    studiosa.m ac
    ae
    omnium optimam
    optimarn vitam instituit. Eiusque vitae eeteris
    ceteris quidem ita 25
    studebat,
    ut mediocriter teneat scilicet,
    sclicet, quantum
    quanturn eorum necessarium
    silo Dia-Iecticae
    Dialecticae vero ae
    a-c phlosopha.e
    philosophiae ita se dedit,
    ut quemque studiosum
    sit.
    facile opera superaret. Quo quidem tempore,
    ternpore, quantum ingenium bonum
    valeat magno studio adiunctum, optime ipse monstravit. Nam i11
    vaIea-t
    l,
    disputationibus
    disputationbus et ad
    a-d inveniendum acutior et ad exprimendum subtiliorSO
    subtlio rSO
    non
    solum adolescentibus, verum etiam senioribus muItis
    multis videbatur.
    Explevit aetatem adoiescentiae
    ExplevH
    adolescentiae flagrans iis pulcherrimis studii.<; et probitate morum pabus
    paribus omnibus praestantior. Nulla in
    hoc contumelia,
    contumela- ,
    temeta.s fuit. Temperantia et animi ornatu polleba.t.
    pollebat. Officiis
    Offieiis debinulla temeritas
    73 tis erga dws,
    deos, parentes, consanguineos probe omnibus fungebatur. Multa 35
    B
    habebat senectutis in iuvenili aetate. Quamobrem non
    solum parentibus
    carus erat, vernm
    verum ab omnibus etiam
    etam diligebatur.
    dligebatur.
    8.
    Cum vero postaetatemacdisciplinam iam habitam ad pIuramaioraque
    pluramaioraque
    hortari liceret, facit quod pIane
    plane animi magni et eupidi
    cupidi rerum
    rerurn gravissimarum ac perutilius est. Etenim
    Eten.im non
    patriae ac suornm
    suorum hominum40
    hominumto
    desiderium, non
    maris pecua,
    terrae labores itinerum, non
    impericula, non
    pensas grandis pecuniae suspicatus
    suspieatus et timens destitit, sed putan.s
    putans et
    corpus et
    ! pecunias et reJiqua omnia
    oma ad animi per!ectionem, gloriam

    ORATIONES.

    267

    memoriamque
    rnemoriarnque pe:rpetuam
    perpetuam et haOOnda
    habenda et ordinanda esse, navigavit in

    partes remotas
    rernotas atque .se
    se ad Pa:tavium civitatem Venetiae confert, !
    ut
    et doctrinam maiorem acquirat et, ut inquit Homerus, mores hominum
    multorum videat et urOOs.
    urbes. Vigebant in
    ea
    uebe tempore illo
    libeealium
    liOOralium
    :i artium studia, et reliquarum rerum canditio
    conditio ita erat,
    ut nullo
    pacto B
    7.
    Michae1em labarum
    laborum et impensarum
    irnpensarum poeniteret. Etenim animi
    anim bona,
    quae nondum haOObat,
    habebat, plene acquisivit et, quae plene tenebat, p1eniora
    pleniora
    fecit. Nec sine admiratio ne ingenii et laude morum in
    ea manserat urOO.
    urbe.
    eum
    Cum vero Divus Leonellus,
    LeoneUus, atae
    patriae nceps,
    princeps, Italiae
    Ita1iae decus, hanc 910 urbcm
    urbem studs
    studis liberalibus amplia.sset omassetque, Michael
    Michae1 ut ceteri
    fama huius Ferrariensis
    Ferariensis studii
    hortatus ad hanc
    hauc urOOm
    urbem accessit, ub
    ubi
    iam quinquennium manens aetatis processui virtutis ac
    ae doctrinae perfectionem concinnam omnino reddidit. Ut
    enim numerus annorum, ita
    virtus in
    eo aucta est. Nec magis
    rnagis ab aetate quam a virtute vir
    appellandus
    J5
    5 videtur. Medicinam scientiarum omnium utilissimam, cuius principia
    pulchre tenebat, hic
    hc pIenSSime
    plenissime est adeptus
    a.deptus sub J ohanne H
    Hercule
    ercule et
    Oratio Gerundo praeceptoribus, qui principes facile medicorum omnium
    sunt. Quin etiam phlosophiam
    philosophiarn et reliqua hic egregie auxit atque B
    74
    eorroboravit.
    corroboravit. Coniunxerat ergo partem utilem
    utitern nobili ac honestissimae
    20 parti, oonventumque istum pulcherrimum
    pu1cherrimum fedt,
    fecit,
    ut modo rerum naturam
    investigando Deo immortali respondeat, quoad intellectus humanus
    patiatur, modo hominibus sanitatem recuperando salutis ac delectapatiatur.
    summae auctor efficiatur.
    efnciatur.
    tionis
    Testes iam omnes habeo eorum, quibus Michael in
    hac
    hae urbe et 10211 doctissimum virum sese esse ostendit. Omnia, quae vel disputavit
    disputaVt
    vel scripsit.
    veI
    seripsit, doctorum omnium iudieio
    iudicio probantur, quae veI
    vel ipse de
    rebus SUls
    suis consultavit vel amicis
    amics consuluit, omnia prudentissime acta
    videntur. Quotiens cum
    curn aliquo egerat vel emendo vel a liquid contrabendo,
    ut saepius homini contingit
    contngit viventi vitam civilem, nulla in
    eo
    30 fraus, nulla iniuria
    visa est. Corporis pulchritudo
    pu1chritudo aut aliqua turpis
    voluptas
    v
    oluptas numquam eum allexerat,
    ut quicquam minus caste committeret.
    Forti ac
    ae penitus invicto animo
    aniIno est. Laudabilem
    LaudabiIem mediocritatem
    medioeritatem in
    dandis
    dands
    pecuniis semper servavit. Modestus et moderatus adeo est,
    ut neque B
    711
    facultas pecuniae neque res aliqua eum umquam deduxerit,
    ut quic35quam nimis ac
    ae vitiosius
    vtosius faceret. Gravis in
    dicendo, gravior in agendo
    est. Festivitate
    FestVtate gravitas eius puIchre
    pulchre eonditur.
    conditur. Pietate maxima
    utitur
    erga deos, eomitate
    comitate erga amicos, humanitate erga omnes.
    constantiam huius non
    vehementer admiretur, qui eosdem 11.
    Quis eonstantiam
    optimos mores semper servavit,
    servaVt, qui ut singulis in
    rebus bene ineepit,
    incepit,
    40 ita
    !!. perseveravt.
    perseveravit. Homin um simulata amicitia et pravitas fecit, ut ipse
    inimicos habeat, quos amicos habuisse
    habusse videtur. Sed hic profecto
    profeeto praVtati
    pravitati
    hominum
    h
    ominum fidem numquam adhibuit nec
    nee habuit amicos, qui inimici
    erant futud.
    futuri. Quis igitur hunc
    hune tantae doctrinae tantaeque virtutis
    S

    268

    THEOOORI GAUE
    THEODORl
    GAZE QRATlONES,

    virum
    irum non
    vehementissime 1audet?
    laudet? Quis non
    iUfe
    iure optima
    optimo ad hunc
    hune
    honorandum amandumque hortetur? E
    Equidem
    quidem hunc
    hune non
    solum inter
    homines nostrae aetatis egregium
    egregum esse video, sed etiam Piatoni,
    P1atoni, Soloni,
    510,
    n 76
    76 Lycurgo compararem ceterisque studiosissimis
    studiosssimis viris
    vi!; antiquis, qui disciplinarum causa eregre
    peregre profe<:ti laboraverunt. Nam etsi auctoritas 5
    illorum maxima sit, tamen
    tarnen 1audem
    landem Michaeli nostro debitam
    debitarn exhibendam

    fateri omnes
    amnes debemus.
    12.
    Quas ob res nec universitas hunc
    hUe neglexerat virum, sed maximo
    honore prosequendum putavit. Cum
    !; diebus comitia essent de
    eum enirn iis
    eIigendo rectore.
    reetore, hunc
    hune omnium consensu elegit et designavit hodierno-10
    que die in
    conspectu omnium
    laudans creat rectorem, id
    icl est ducern
    ducem
    collegii omniurnque
    omniumque doctorum. Qua
    Quo
    ac principem quendam sui ordinis, coUegii
    quidem honore maiorem nullum profecto ipsa
    praebere potest. Hic
    magistratus et dignitate et utlitate
    enim IDagistratus
    utilitate omnium maximus est.
    Ja.
    .
    Sed iam ad te, vir
    i egregie, tectot
    rector electe, mea
    mea. convettetur
    <::onvertetur et per-15
    ficietur oratio. Nosta.
    NostTa universitas,
    univetsitas, quae ob singulares tuas virtutes te
    semper unice dilexit,
    dlexit, capitium hoc ut coronam
    <::otonam quandam tuo capiti
    76manu meo imponit rectoratus
    re<:toratus insigne,
    insgne, te rectorem, defensorem tutoremB
    fe1iciter creat, te hoc praeclaro
    praec1aro
    que omnium rerum suarum hodie feliciter
    ut potuit, expressit 20
    munere donat ob eas virtutes, quas et mea oratio,
    et res ipsae multo
    muIto ante orationem perpulchre
    perpu1chre ostenderunt. Deus vero,
    quem omnibus dictis factisque nostris invocare debemus, sit semper
    fautor tibi.

    THEODORI GAZAE
    PRAEFATIO IN
    IOANNEM
    CHRYSOSTOMUM
    AD ALPHONSUM REGEM.
    Mit dieser Vorrede
    Voede fibeeichte
    Theocloros Gazes seine {}berberreichte Theodoros
    bersetzung der Homilien des ]j ohannes Chrysostomus De incomprehensibli Dei natura dem Knig
    ng Alfons von
    Neapel. Gazes' 'Oberberhensibili
    setzung entsprach dem Zeitgeschmack.
    Zeitgeschrnack. Nach Art der Humanisten war
    sie wortreich und schwungvoll. so
    50 da3
    da der neuzeitliche Herausgeber
    Mgne urteilen konnte: tInterpretationum porro Theodori Gazae,
    bei Migne
    utpote 1tIXpIX<pp<tO'TIKw.;
    Xpxct.; adornatam, verbis et aliquando sententiis redundantem, rejecimus.r Sie findet sich aber in der Chrysostomus-Ausgabe
    des Fronto Ducaeus. 1 Die ebenda beigegebene Praefatio besitzt einigen
    r die
    de Geschichte des Humanismus. Nicht nur daB
    da wir iiber
    ber
    Wert fr
    ber
    Gazes' Auffassung unterrichtet werden, auch einige Nachrichten iiber
    50 hren
    hren wir hier erstmaIs
    erstmals von
    einem mehrBessa.rion sind wichtig. So
    ardinals am Hof zu Neapel,
    monatigen Aufenthalt
    Aufenthait des griechischen Kardinals
    wo sich ein reges gelehrtes Leben entfaltet zu haben scheint, in
    dessen
    Mttelpunkt der Knig
    Kg sta.nd.
    berhrt Gazes Bessarions MetaMittelpunkt
    stand. Weiter berihrt
    SchleBlich erwahnt
    egene :se..
    Be-.
    physik-bersetzung. Schlielich
    ph}'5ik-Obersetzung.
    erwhnt er noch seine eigene
    arbeitung eines Werkes mi1itarischen
    militrischen Inhalts, des 'l,
    ~PIX'n7TIK6'1, bekannt
    unter dem Namen eines Maurikios, der hier Mauritius imperator
    genannt wird.'
    wrd.*
    Die Abfa ss ungszeit der Widmung
    Widmug Gazes' ist auf 1455 fest Neapel fllt
    fiillt
    zulegen. Denn der erwii.hnte
    zuIegen.
    erwhnte Aufentbalt
    Aufenthalt Bessarions in
    die Zeit, da Gazes sein Schreiben an Knig
    ng AlloDS
    Alfons richtete,
    gerade in
    wie
    we er bemerkt: (Bessario), quem desiderium tui visendi Nea{X)lm
    Neapolim ad
    te duxit ac mensem iam quartum tenet apud te. t Durch Capranica
    daB Bessarion bald nach der Wahl Kalixts
    Kalxts In
    (8. April
    wissen wir aber, da
    1455) nach Pozzuoli reiste und von
    da auch an den Hof
    von
    Neapel kam. 1
    '
    Die Bedeutung der Praefatio, deren alte Druckausgabe nicht
    n
    zugiiglich ist, rechtfertigt deren erneute Verffentlichung.
    Verffentchung. Vorleicht zugnglich
    Ducaeus der Codex graecus der Biblicr
    lage ist neben der Ausgabe von
    8 info
    . 101.
    l. I6I-I63~
    161-163~ (= D).'
    D).I
    theca Ambrosiana D II8
    Migne PG 48 . 700.
    I I oannis
    oannia ebryao.tomi
    Cbrysostoni Ope" Omnia.. 0<1. Fron to Ducaeu.
    Ducaen . Paris
    .609--24,
    609--24,
    nacbgedruckt
    nacbgedruclt FranCOlorti
    Franeolorti ad Moellum
    oe .698. X
    291-3$0.
    VgI.
    Vgl. K.
    by3ntioit<:b.en LiterItut.
    Llteratut. 22.. "uo..
    AuD..
    . Krumbaeher,
    Krunbacher, Getehlellte
    GeC:hlclte der by3ntioit:b.en
    MOnche" .897. S. 635. 637
    MOncheo
    Vgl.
    !. S. 272, '7
    ' 7 f .. I ActI
    Acta in
    funera
    er Niceni
    Nieaeni c.
    C. 7. Vgl.
    l. Il7g
    ~7! f.
    f . Vgl
    !.. S. '5'
    15' f.
    .

    Theodorl Oa:r:ae

    D 161

    All Alphonsum Regem Praelatlo


    Ad
    Praefatlo
    In Oratlones 'e Incomprehenslbil!
    Incomprehenslbtll De!
    Dei Natura
    N.tura

    DM
    ! loannls
    l.! Chrysos'oml.
    ChrysostomJ.
    Eundem regem et pontificem
    pontificern olim fuisse accepimus, dive Alphonse, 6
    rex inclyte, tamquam
    tarnquam regis officio is fungi non
    posset, qui minus
    mnus iura
    et rationes
    ratones rerum saerarum
    sacrarum teneret, quas nosse pontificis certe interest.
    Romani
    Roman itaque tui,
    , gens armis praestantior
    praestantor ceteris omnibus, ingenio
    autem, doctrina et deorum cultu faeile
    facile cum Graecis etiam conferenda,
    potius reipublicae praeesse censuere et
    ! 10
    homines praeditos sacerdotio
    vehementius de summo
    summa pontHice
    pontifice quam de consulatu solebant
    so!ebant contendere, quippe qui ita sese dignius
    d.ere,
    dgni rempublicam
    rempublieam regere credi posse arbitrarentur, si
    partis quoque divinae viderentur.
    profiteri oognitionem
    oognitonem parts
    Graecis item hominibus haec eadem opinio
    semper et probata et summa
    mm
    in studio habita est. Unde apud Athenienses
    Athenenses inter novos illos et pri-15
    marios magistratus regia dignitate praeditus is enumerabatur. qui
    dearum Cereris et Proserpinae mysteriis et Minervae !udis
    ludis praeesset
    et sacra urbis praecipua faeeret,
    faceret, ad quern causa vel
    impietatis vel
    sacerdotii vel euiusvis
    cuiusvis de religione controvenlia
    controver.Jia deferretur, qui iura
    unus ex principum
    prindpum numero
    nurnero eum
    cum saneto
    sancto 20
    matrimoniorum discerneret et uuus
    Areopagitano senatu de homicidiis
    homiddiis iudicaret. Ad haec Iudaeorum
    Iud.aeorurn genti.
    cuius nobilitatem Iosephus cognomine Flavius, insignis auetor,
    auctor, duobus
    libris, quos contra Appionem grammaticum scripserat, late ac perpulehre
    pu1chre aperuit, id fuisse in more certum est, quamdiu reges tales
    sive divinitus, sive optimo
    optrno iudido
    iud.icio hominum crearentur, ut reipublicae25
    reipublicaeII
    bona et servarentur et
    augerentur. Aegyptios praeterea, quos bonarum
    artium et religiorns
    religionls studium singu1are
    singulare nobilitarit, atque etiam Persas,
    D 161" Medos, Indos, gentes nominis
    on magni.
    rnagni. suos reges ve!
    vel ex sacerdotum
    onHne
    famliaritate sacerdotibus
    sacerdotbus devinetos
    devinctos habere
    ordine facere. vel maxime familiaritate
    solitos legimus.
    Iegimus. Ita
    Ha omnes, quasi duce natura regerentur, regem, quem 30
    peritum esse rerurn
    rerum humanarum oportere eenserent,
    censerent, eundem haudquaquam divinarum esse ignarum patiebantur, et
    ut gens quaeque
    magis ad rempublicam probam et laudabilem
    !audab1em accederet, ita diligentius
    dligentius
    id servavit
    servavt semper et coluit.
    clt.
    17 mysteriii'".
    nysteiis ". ed;t.
    Hit.

    ~.ut
    ~ut

    ministern.
    mini_tem. D

    23 a.:
    a D re D"c/Utl$
    D"c/UtI$

    271

    PRAEFATIO
    PRAEFATlQ IN
    IQANNEM
    CHRYSQSTOMUM.
    CHRY SOSTOMUM .

    Verum hac nostra aetate sic


    sc institutum
    instituturn videlicet a primS
    primis christianae
    chri5tanae
    religonis temporibus usque habetur, ut non
    iidem
    dem et reges sint
    5 et ponreligionis
    potissimum causa.m,
    causam, quoniam agi faciliu5
    facilius posse
    tifices. Credo ob eam potSSimum
    existimabant, .si
    exi5timabant,
    si duo quidem, quorum alter
    a!ter rebus humanis, alter
    a!ter divini.s
    divinis
    11 praeesset
    praeesset,, crearentur. Quamobrem, etsi uterque, tam
    tarn rex, quam pontifex, sine
    sne altero exsequi officii quidem sm
    su ratione auctoritateque posset
    vices rei tum
    turn divinae, tum
    turn human3oe,
    humanae, t30men
    tarnen digestum
    digesturn in
    duas personas
    est. Unde fit,
    ut r ex saepius rcs
    res sacras
    sacr30s sibi vendicare iure suo existimet,
    exi.stimet,
    e.st.
    et pontifex non
    30lienam
    alienam 30dire
    adire provinci3om
    provinciam arbitretur, si quando rem
    10attinentem
    tOattinentem ad regern sibi attribuat.
    attribu3ot. Quod ceterorum
    ceterorurn quoque officiorum
    venre eonspieuum
    conspicuum est. Cedere tamen
    tarnen et rex pontfici
    pontifici debet,
    collegis usu venire
    et regi pontifex, et alterum servari ab a1tero,
    altero, quantum eonstitutum
    constitutum
    delegatumque
    deIeg30tumque a maioribus
    rnaioribus est, oportere existimarnus.
    exStimamus. Quod etsi rex
    minus
    mnus divinam
    divnam rem facit minusque iudex eonstitutus
    constitutus est rerum .s3ocrasacrall1rum,
    s pirituales appellet, tamen
    tarnen Tationes
    rationes
    tllrurn, quas ecclesia suo vocabulo spiritua1es
    nosse earum rerum et, quemadmodum
    quernadmoclum agi singula christianae
    christanae reli"ionis
    re!iionis
    debeant, minime
    mnime ignorare pulchrum
    pulchrurn procuJdubio
    proculdubio est et maiestati regiae
    eonsentaneum.
    consentaneum.
    Quocirca tu

    ut semper hoc ita esse iudicasti, ita semper
    seffiper dedisti
    2Ooperarn , ne quid desit, quo te regem
    200pernm,
    regern minus
    .'; perfectum 3obsolutumqueD
    absolutumqueD 162
    ageres. Atque ita
    3 effectum est,
    ut te ceteris nostrae aetatis
    aet30tis regibus
    elegantiorern et p1ane
    elegantiorem
    plane cum illis, quorum memoriam et laudem
    l30udem servant
    saecula, eomparandum
    comparandum omnes
    ornnes et censeamus et praedicemus. Ac
    Ae nisi
    mentiri quis velit
    velt et verba contra quemnam

    quemnarn sentit facere,


    faeere, quod non
    25hominis gravis
    gravs et veri,
    yeti, sed assent3otoris
    assentatoris est, te quisque adeo religione
    et rerum divinarum scienti30
    scientia ceteris principibus 30ntecellere
    antecellere affinnaverit,
    nnae,
    ut non, cui te comparet,

    cornparet, quaerat,
    qu3oerat, sed cuius .';
    unius exemplo ceteros
    omnes ad earn ipsam
    ip.sam praeclaram virtutem
    irtutem hortetur et moneat. Quis
    enim
    enm ex tot
    terrarum orbis prncipibus
    principibus te pietate insignior? Quis divini
    30 cultus observantior?
    observantior ? Quis vel ordinem sa.cerdotum
    sacerdoturn sibi devinxit
    devnxit familiarius,
    larius, vel
    ve! plra
    plura suae pietatis reliquit
    relquit momenta?
    rnomenta ? Quis
    .'; autem acutius
    de rebus divinis
    diinis aut subtilius potest disserere? Ceteri prorsus vel eo
    tenentur errare,
    eore,
    ut putent pa.rum
    parum attinere ad principem rerum
    reTurn divna~
    divina~
    rum cognitionem, vel etiam eam
    earn probarent
    probatent studerentque
    studeentque adipisci.
    adipisc.
    315
    3t Voluntate quidem
    quidern proxme
    proxime accesserunt ad laudem,
    laudern, sed doctrina atque
    ingenio tanto
    tante te exsistunt inferiores, ut non
    minus
    mnus theologiae
    theoIogae princeps
    quam
    quarn facultatis et copiae rerum
    rerurn civiliurn
    ciilium iure inter prncipes
    principes habearis
    et nomineris.
    nomneris.
    3 agi
    DH<aI ... J " quidem
    Dwe_s
    _ D ""gi
    ""g D""a".
    dem 0
    D quidam D""""".
    D""""". J 12 alterum
    alterm D.u:_~
    aIter
    coratitutum D .. , ...... de.tif"tum
    2<& '1uemnam
    quem ....m D '" .... I>H<-.
    ><-. J
    alter D J cor.atitut"m
    de. tif"tum D
    0 J 2"
    27 cui ... Dw.<UN$
    cu; 0
    DH</UI'" hoc
    Dwe ..... J 34 etia.m
    Dw.aon cui
    D J 29 tot
    """"".
    Ioc D J 30 vel ""'. Do<""on
    urip.i II"Dlm
    I 37 facu 1tati.
    (a.c:ultatu
    "".
    II"lm D cum
    fa.cultate. 1>

    'I"'"'"

    D",_ .
    D",_.

    ,_ .
    D..,_.

    272

    THEOOORl GAZAE

    Sed cur prae ceteris principibus te


    consideres, quando ne
    hominibus
    quidem privatis, qui in
    hoc uno studio versantur,
    versaut ur, ampHus
    amplius quicquam
    quicquan
    (superesse potest), quam
    qua tibi percepimus? Quoties
    QuotiesNarcissus
    Narcissus Verdunensis, et
    vir et
    theologus singularis. argumentis, quibus vel
    respondisses vel
    l
    obiecisses, recitatis in
    frequenti omnium doctorum conventu, ratione :;
    5
    demonstravit evidentissima
    e:identisSma ita esse,
    ut Qui tecum ita
    ... disputant.
    disputant, non

    D 162 regiae
    regae maiestati, sed exquisitae tuae doctrinae viribus cedant et
    victorem te
    inviti
    interdum
    interd.um confiteantur!
    confteantur!
    QuaUes
    ot!> eiusdem scientiae
    s:ientae
    profe$S()res
    !, sed animo invito,
    utar, exprofessores alii nitro.
    invito,
    ut verbi Homeri
    pertos in
    se luisse fateri
    fateri,, quod modo Narcissum doctorem saepe-l0
    saepe-10
    numero explicasse retuli,
    retul, vidimusl lta
    ... fit, ut ma
    maiorem
    iorem in
    modum
    tuum admiremur
    adniremur ingenium, quo
    qua praeter ceteras virtutes ingenuas, quas
    tarn multos eomplexus
    tam
    comple"us mirifice es, theologiam tam
    tarn pu1ch:re
    puleh:re consequi
    honestissirna et gravissima
    gravissina est, tamen
    tarnen ob perpotuisti, quae res etsi honestissima
    cipiendi diffieultatem
    difficultatem vix
    " a paucissimis quaeritur. Ita merito unus tu 15
    vehementissime laudaris ab homine
    bomine probato et
    el laudato Bessarione
    Pontico, Romanae ecclesiae cardinali, quem desiderium
    desideriwn tui visendi
    ae mensem iam
    iarn quartum tenet apud te swnma
    summa
    Neapolim ad te duxit ac
    eurn
    cum deJectatione, laude et admiratione tuarum virtutum et operum.
    Laudat hic sapiens vir et religionibus venerandus te regem
    regern et
    sapientem 20
    el rel.igionis
    et
    religionis turn
    tum eultorem,
    cultorem, turn
    tum defensorem egregiurn. Bona animi tui

    commendat homo, eui


    cui certe
    omnium eonsensu
    coru:;en5U contigit, ut litterarum
    graecarum sit faeile
    facle prineeps,
    princeps, latinarum
    iatnarum autem tantum
    tanturn teneat, quantum nemo
    m adhuc
    adhue Graecorum
    Graeeorurn consequi potuit.
    poluit. Effert summis laudibus
    prudentiam, ingenium, doctrinam,
    doetrinam, mores, denique praestantiam animi
    anmi 25
    tui.
    . Vir,
    , qui prae sui
    5 animi magnitudine admodum paucos
    paueos solet laudare,
    te tarnen
    tamen ita is admiratur, exosculatur et complectitur animo, ut vix
    posset abs te discedere. Ostendit hic
    bic porro, quanti tuam doctrinam
    faceret,, eum
    faceret
    cum libros,
    lbros, quos Aristoteles nobilis phi1osophus
    phiIosophus de rebus divinis
    dilgentissime tibi in
    latinum
    Jatinum conco- 30
    inscriptos Metaphysica edidit, hos diligentissime
    D 163 vertisset serrnonem
    sermonem ac
    ae tuo dicasset nomini, ut quos ille Alexandro
    Ale"andro regi
    sapienti perquam gratos
    gatos eornposuit,
    composuit, iidem
    dern ad te interpretati mitterentur
    milterentur
    regern theologum ac
    regem
    ae longe reb
    rebus
    us divinis edoctiorem, quam de rege
    ex iis,
    Alexandro
    Ale::a.ndro eoniectari
    cnecta e"
    is, quae accepimus, lieeat.
    lceat .
    Te
    igitur religionis observantissimurn
    observantissimum el
    christianae
    chstianae doctrinae stu- 35
    diosissimum regem,
    regern, si operibus non
    modo, quae ad rem attinent mili
    tasem, verum etiam quae summa religionis sunt, adire censemus, non
    ta.rem,

    inepte id agimu5,
    agimus, nec ea offerre
    offere videmur, quae minus
    ninus le
    te delectent et

    a"..... .."'...........,...

    2--3 privati
    ..
    prtvatis . .. peroepimus . it ,,,
    '''".""
    ... "" ......".,.. ..<>1
    !.... i.. D.
    D . [[I.... D""..... ~.
    ~.
    Q...,
    ;..., <
    /<><0 D ...
    .. us1M: pri ... ati~. q
    ql1i
    l1i In
    hoc .tadio
    _tadio versantllr,
    ersantl1r, amplilll
    ampIl11 quemquam
    quemquan . up"
    upe ....
    b; pflU'IoCCpinl1"
    pr&lloCCpill1ll" r 3 pel'COpins
    pel'COpilllUS D" p.rdpinl15
    pertipimus Dc
    Ihle....... r .. et tbeo
    tbeo_
    e_. qu&D1
    qu&n tibi
    1og
    log ... .DiI&<w
    .Di&< ....l] D ...... et I 6 di.putant D dl.putent
    dl.putent D ...........
    ........... r 10 modo D] D ..
    UfIU _.
    _.
    ru

    PRAEFATIO IN
    PRA:E:PATIO
    IOANNEM
    CHRYSOSTOMUM.

    273

    moveant. Quamobrem post Mauritii


    Mauriti iIIos
    os de re militari
    militar libros, quos
    anno superiori obtuli
    obtull tibi ut iudici
    iudid peritissimo eOJ"\lm,
    eOJ"Um, quae imperator
    ille et gessit et scripsit. has de incomprehensibili
    ncomprehen sib1i Dei natura orationes
    quinque Ioannis Antiochensis, cognomine
    cognonne Chrysostomi, doctoris eccle5 siae
    Sae singularis.
    sngularis. converti et legendas propterea tibi obtuli, !
    ut vel
    el ex
    hO(: mea interpretatione
    hoc
    nterpretatione et ingenium et dicendi
    dicend. copiam
    copam eius doctoris
    perciperes et te sacro sermone. ut soles, oblecta.res. Fuit is certe facundior
    facundioJ"
    eetern
    christanae religionis doctoribus
    dO(:toribus et copiosior,
    copiosior , et quamquam more
    ceteris ehristianae
    ecdesiae vel in
    gravitate sermonis vel in exquisito atticae linguae
    lnguae usu
    ecclesiae
    10 negIigentior
    negligentior aut Gregorio aut Basilio, eiusdem professoribus et praed.ca~
    praedica~
    toribus christianae
    christanae religi.onis,
    religionis, tum
    turn in
    exponendis sacris codicibus,
    codCibus, tum
    turn
    magna
    nagna utilitate !
    populi ad dilatandum argumentum, ad amplificandam
    sententiam, ad exemplorum copiam, ad faci1em
    facilem et omnino accommodatam, tum
    datam.
    turn ad popul
    populi aures.
    aures, tum
    turn ad religionis praecepta elocutionem,
    15
    t5 ad memoriam omnium, quae offidum
    officium doctoris
    dO(:toris ehristiani
    christiani requirit, hic
    meo iudido
    iudicio anteponendus est ceteris, nec esse arbitror quempiam qui, D 163
    !; graece disseruit, assequatur, aliter sentiat. Unde hic
    rnc iure
    si modo, quae is
    optimo cognomen id Chrysostomi meruit ab oris au.reo flumine, quod
    idem datum est Prusciensi Dioni, sed eo dignius loanni
    oa nostro, quo
    20 longe hic plura et ad hominum vitam motesque utiliora quam Prusciensis
    Pruscienss
    ille scripsit,
    scripst, praed.cait
    praedicavit et docuit. Constat hunc iisdem clar"isse
    clarnisse tempoTheodos imperatoris
    imperators gentilis, cuius filius
    flius tum
    turn
    ribus, quibus An::adius Theodosii
    armis,
    arms, tum
    turn pietate, ingenio et littera.rum
    litterarum bonarum studio sese exhibuit
    singularem, tantaque apud eurn ipsum imperatorem
    singu1arem,
    imperatorern auctoritate et
    2ligratia
    2igratia valuisse,
    ut et suos cives Antiochenses,
    Antiocbenses, hhomines
    omines parum quietos
    et plus sibi libertatis sumentes, quam Romanorum pateretur imperium,
    mperium,
    ab ira capitali imperatores
    Imperatores saepe liberarit universamque ipse unus

    servaverit civitatem, ne poenas gravissimas lueret , et ecclesiae


    ecdesiae Constantnopolitanae patriaxcha praefuerit, quae dignitas
    di.gntas
    proxima in
    sacro
    stantinopolitanae
    30 ordine a summo
    summa pontifice habetur. Vixit
    xt tanta probitate morum et
    sanctimonia illustris, ut nomen sancti acceperit ea vice, qua aut heroa
    aut certe
    cerle divum homines superioris religi.onis nominarent eum, qui
    virtute quadam excelIuisset heroica mirumque in
    modum
    od generi mortalium
    talum profuisset. Huius
    ! itaque orationes, qua.s
    quas homilias ipse a conver3IS satione et suae doctrinae communicatione inscripsit, !
    ut hominis sancti
    et docti et elegantis et divi Arcadii
    ArcadH imperawris
    imperatoris familiaris, leges, cum
    otiosior fueris. Eris
    ! autem eo eitius,
    ctius, quo l
    plus apud te re1igionis caritas,
    quam civile
    ciile negotium valet.
    D 164
    aegligeotio1"
    aegIgentlo ""pn
    ""ps aeglileoUr
    aegl.iIeDUr D
    D n..u..
    n.u.. .... I 15 ""l"irit
    >q"irit D
    D reqllirunt
    reqinnt D"" ....... I
    32 dJ""""
    dlVllm v...:_
    v..:_ divioi
    ioi D I 36 dlvt
    cul D

    10

    .,b
    .,I ler,
    le.,

    v..-

    ~ p
    ""

    "0=. m .

    .....

    18

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII
    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM
    IN
    PERVERSIONEM PROBLEMATUM
    PROBLEMTUM ARISTOTELIS
    ARISTOTELlS
    Mit der vorliegenden Schrift wendet sich GeorgiosTrapezuntios
    gegen Gazes' lateinische Bearbeitung der aristotelischen ProbIemata.
    Problemata.
    Der tiefere Grund filr
    fr diese Auseinandersetzung war
    wa.r seine persnlche
    persnliche
    Verirgerung. Denn Theodoros Gazes hatte es gewagt, trotz der bereits
    Verrgerung.
    vorliegenden 'Obersetzung
    bersetzung des Trapezuntios das Werk nochmals in
    Frderung
    anderer Fassung zu liefern, und noch dazu unter sichtlicher Frderung
    Bessa.rions.
    Se.in Groll gegen Gares
    Gazes war
    wa.r voIiends
    vollends noch gewachsen, als
    Bessarions. 1 Sein
    der Kardina1
    Kardinal ihm nachdriicklich
    nachdrcklich zu verstehen gab, daB
    da ihm Ga.zes an
    a.n
    Wissen und Grilndlichkeit
    Grndlichkeit weit ilberlegen
    berlegen sei.
    sei.- So
    50 setzte sich Georgios
    '
    zwn Ziel, die Arbeit seines Mitbewerbers als ein elendes Machwerk abdrchweg in
    n Cages
    zutun, indem er Gazes - er verdreht dessen Namen durchweg
    und nennt seine Anhii.nger
    Anhnger Cagulei
    Cagule - Unwissenheit
    Unwssenheit im Lateinischen
    und Unverstii.ndnis
    Unverstndnis gegenilber
    gegenber Aristoteles zwn
    Vorwurf machte. Desto
    m hob er den Wert der lteren
    ilteren Aristoteles-Qbersetzungen
    Aristoteles-bersetzungen hervor,
    mehr
    de heutige Fordie Gazes abgelehnt hatte. Das letztere Urteil wird die
    schung ihm bestii.tgen.'
    besttigen.' Aber Trapezuntios sah die Grnde
    Griinde dafr
    dafiir
    nicht ein
    und ahnte nicht, wie wenig er seIber
    selber Bescheid wuBte.
    wute. 4
    Zudem hat ihm Gazes'
    Gazcs' Werk im
    ganzen Umfang nicht vorgelegen.
    von
    einzelnen Tei1en
    Teilen und
    Wie Georgios selber mitteilt, hatte er nur
    nur fr
    fr ganz ku~ Zeit davon Einsicht nehmen knnen.'
    knnen.' Ein Vergleich
    mit Gazes'
    Gates' nfangreicher
    umfangreicher Leistung
    Lei.stung (gedruckt ohne Gares'
    Gazes' Praefatio
    der Berliner Aristotelesausgabe 111
    (1831) 415- 474) zeigt, da3
    da
    in
    Georgios doch nur wenig
    weng zu
    bieten wute.
    wu3te. Zudem sind einzelne
    einzeln.e Stellen
    ihm ungenau oder falsch angegeben. Eine
    zeitgenssische
    zeitgenSsische Beurvon
    teilung der Invektive lieferte Niccolo
    Niccolb Perotti. I

    GEORGIl
    GEORGII TRAPEZtJNTII
    TRPEZtNTlI ADVERStJS
    ADVERStS TH
    THEODORtM
    EODORtJ M GAZAM.

    275

    Nach seinen Ausstellungen an Gazes' A.rbeit


    Arbeit fand sich fr
    fiir Georgios
    noch Gelegenheit, fiber
    nocb
    ber die
    d.e urnstrittene
    umstrittene Textstelle
    TextsteIle der
    d er Vulgata.;
    Vulgata; "Sic
    "Sie
    eum volo
    lo manere, donec venio" zu sprechen. 1 Wir erfahren hier von

    semer
    seiner frheren
    friheren diesbezilglichen
    diesbezglichen Abbandlung,
    Abhandlung, die
    de er dem Bischof von

    Brhl:en,
    Brb:en, Petrus de Monte, gewidmet hatte und die nachher Bessarion
    Anla zu semer
    Anlall
    seiner Abhandlung gab.
    gab.- Was hier vorliegt,
    vorlegt, ist
    st nach Georgios'
    Angabe ein Auszug aus jener Abhandlung.
    Im ganzen zeigt die Invektive des Trapezuntios aJJerJei
    allerlei Wissen
    1m
    am
    aus der alten Literatur. Wenn er
    nach seinem Eingestndnis
    Eingestindns auch keine
    Invektive schreibeo
    schreiben woJJte,
    wollte, so
    $ strotzt die Schrilt
    SchriIt doch von
    Beleidigungen gewhnlichster
    gungeo
    gewhnchster Art. Betroffen wird nicht our
    nur Gazes, aus dessen
    Schlerkreis
    Sch1lerkres Trapezuntios sicb allerlei iible
    ble Nachreden hatte hinterhnter
    bringen 'assen,'
    lassen,' sondern aucb
    auch dessen Freunde, besonders Bessarion, und
    selbst der groe
    seIbst
    gro13e Frdere:r
    Froerer der Humanisten,
    Huma.:isteo, NikoIaus
    Nikolaus V. Wertvoll fr
    fr
    die
    d. Forschung sind die
    d gelegentlichen Aogaben
    Angaben iiber
    ber einzelne humanistische
    stsche
    und byzantinsche
    byzantinische Schriftsteller, wie Andreas Contrarius, ]akob
    Jakob
    von
    Cremona, Paggio,
    Pogo, Georgios Gemistos.
    Gemstos. Gerade den letztgenannten
    behandelt er
    wegen seine:r
    sener religisen
    religsen Einstellung und seines Strebens
    nach einer
    ener neuen Weltanschauung am eingehendsten. Er deckt sich
    hierin mit den spteren
    sateren Ausfhrungen
    A ill in
    seinen Comparationes.' Vor

    allem sind aber seine


    aUem
    sene Mitteilungen ber
    ber seine Beziehungen
    Bezehungen zu
    Bessarion
    wichtig.
    wicltig. Manches
    Mancles erhilt
    erhlt hier wie auch hinsichtlich
    hnsichtlich NikoJaus'
    Nikolaus' V. neue
    Beleuchtung,
    Beleucltung, weH
    weil es von
    einem Betroffenen geschildert wird,
    wrd , freilich
    freilicl
    einseitig und schief. Dall
    Da aber Bessarion seinen Tod
    od verlangt habe, ist
    nichts
    niclts anderes als
    a1s theatralische
    theatraISche Pose.
    Pose.' Was Georgios an Gazes so
    $
    nachdrcklich
    nachdrcklicb zu
    :: tade1n
    tadeln verstebt,
    versteht, trifft ihn selber am meisten, nmlich
    nin1ich
    seinemangelhafte Vertrautheit mit
    mt der lateinischen Grammatik
    Grammatk und Stilistik. Sein "ungehobeltes Latein" tritt, wie schon friihere
    frhere Forscher hervorgehoben haben, auch spater
    spter wieder in
    seinen Comparationes zutage.
    Die Abfass
    Abfassungszeit
    ungs zeit der Schrift hat A.
    . Gercke auf Grund eines
    Briefes von
    Georgios
    Georgos an
    a seinen Sohn Andreas, der "ein
    " Seitenstck
    Seitenstiick
    zu der lnvektive"
    Invektive" ist,' auf den Spatherbst
    Sptherbst 1453
    453 oder
    od Winter 1453/54
    hauptschliche
    festgestellt.? Die Da.tierung hat neben anderem ihre hauptsii.chliche
    Bedeutung fr
    {ir die
    de Festlegung des sonst nicht iberlieferten
    berlieferten Todesjabres
    GemStos , der demnach am 26. ]uni

    jahres des G
    G.. Gemistos,
    Juni 1452 gestorben isU
    Besttigt wird dadurch
    Bestatigt
    da.durch die Berechnung von
    on Alexa.ndre,
    Alexandre,' hinfaUig
    hinfllig die
    C3j
    . _S70
    "C~,3,
    C3j
    "C~,3
    Glor,ii
    G.orlfii Trapuu
    Trap0>8u .. tH
    t i Compal'7otio
    Cnpal'7oto.... Ar;'tQteli,
    Ar;'totel.l, et
    fit Platoni,
    P latoni, (V_eti;.
    (Venetiio 'j23)
    111
    IU 20. vgl.
    vg!. Band
    B.nd 1 3S7.
    I c.
    C. :H.
    3-4
    Boi E.
    . Legra .. d. Ce:o.t-dix
    Ce:o.t-dx lettte.
    Iettt grecq
    oI Filelf
    FiIel.. , Pa
    ;>a .... 11192,
    greeq .."," do Fra.... olll
    ,17-3,8.
    '11-3,8.
    . Gercke
    Gercke,, Theodorooo
    Theod ...... Gu
    ;U .... F_hrift.
    F_hft. GreifI
    Greifl ..ald
    aJd 10)<>3,
    '0)<>3, S. 26 f.
    f . Qnd
    und N .. chch
    , A.
    tng
    tn.g S.7.
    .... dn,
    dte , P\thon,
    TraltoI d<'I<...
    IoIs. Patb
    .8j8. not. }>.
    C. AI.,.
    A
    ~tho1l., TralW
    .. lob.
    Paris 18sS.
    pRl. .
    p. XLII
    XLU ".2.

    I.,,' ....

    ".
    "~

    276

    GEORGlI TRAPEZUNTIl
    TRAPEZUNTII ADVERSUS THEODORUM
    THEOOORUM GAZAM.

    Annahrne von
    Annahme
    F. Schultze
    Sclnutze fr
    i das Jahr
    ]ah I450.1
    450. Die in der Invektive
    Invektve
    ber Gemistos
    iber
    GemStos gemachte Angabe "iam enim biennio
    bietnio mortuus est" hat
    ihre ParalleIe
    ibre
    Parallele in Georgios Comparationes
    Compa.rationes III
    20:
    zo: "anJeaquam nwrlem
    nwrtem
    fere triennio"l.
    obiisset iam /ere
    Die von
    Georgios beigegebene Widmung
    Widmug an Knig
    nig Alfons
    Allons von

    Neapel ist
    NeapeI
    St spitere
    sptere auBere
    uere Zutat. Ursprnglich
    Urspriinglch richtete sich die Schrift.
    wie die gelegentlichen
    a.n Bessarion, vor
    dem sich
    geIegentlichen Anreden erweisen,
    erweiseJJ., an
    der zurckgewiesene
    zurickgewiesene Grieche rechtfertigen wollte.'
    woUte.' ObIe
    ble Worte gegen den
    griechischen Kardinal sind offenbar erst nachtraglich
    nachtrglich eingestreut worden.
    Auf die Bedeutung der Invektive hat zuerst L. Stein,
    S tein, dann noch 8H
    mals A.
    . Gercke aufmerksam gemacht. Desgleichen hat Gercke krzere
    kirure
    Auszge daraus
    Ausztige
    da.raus verffentlicht.veroffent1icht. Seine Angabe eines Cod. Vat. lat. 3384
    enthlt offensichtlich einen Druckfehler.
    enthalt
    Druckfeh1er. Es handelt sich um den, Cod.
    3383. Auch sonst finden sich in
    diesenAuszii8en
    diesenAusz8en einzelne Lesefehler.
    Vorliegende Erstausgabe beruht auf fo1genden
    folgenden Handschriften:
    a) MaiIand,
    Ma iland , Bibliotheal
    Bibliothe Ambrosiana,Cod.
    Ambrosiana, Cod.lat.
    lat. Gz90
    G2nf.
    inf. fol. I---66
    ---66=
    = G.
    b) Rom. Cod. Vat. lat. 3383 101.
    L. I-67~ = B.
    .
    G (Cod. chart. 36.5 X
    24,3 cm, I93
    93 fol.
    l. saec. XVI). geschrieben in
    hwnanistischer
    hwnanistscher Kursive, bietet gegenbei
    gegenibeI B
    zumeist
    zumeSt bessere Lesarten.
    (Cod. chart. 22,5 x
    16,5 cm, 68 fol.
    l. saec. XVI)
    ) enthii.lt
    sauberer
    B
    enthlt in
    Buchschrift
    Buchschift allein die vorliegende Invektive. Trotz vielfach sch1echterer
    schlechterer
    Lesarten triigt
    trgt aber auch B
    zuweilen zur Verbesserung des von
    G ge~
    botenen Textes bei. Die 'Oberschrift
    berschrift lau.tet
    lau,tet bier: Ad divum
    um Alfonsl1m
    Georgi Trapezuntii
    Trapezunti In

    regem Aragonum et I1triusque Siciliae, Georgii


    perversionem problematum Aristotelis a quodam Theodoro Cage editam
    et probIematicae
    problematicae Aristotelis philosophiae protectio.
    mteinander.
    Beide Handschriften :teigen
    zeigen sehr nahe Verwandtschaft miteinander.
    doch nicht 50,
    so, als stammte die eine aus der anderen. VieJmehr
    Vielmehr ist eine
    Verschlecbtc~
    gemeinsame Vorlage anzunehmen, die bereits wesentliche Versch1echtc~
    rungen eines urspringlicheren
    ursprnglicheren Textes enthielt. Die Schreibweise beider
    Handschriften,
    Handsehrften, namentlich
    namentlch bei B,
    , wechselt dauernd (diffinitio, defini; prontu, promptu; precium, pretium; phanaticl1s, fanaticus; for8
    forH
    Ho;
    sam (B),
    (), forsan; imo, immo; locuntur, loquuntur u . a.).
    .).
    Oie
    da sich die Invektive des Trapezuntios
    Die Angabe L. Steins, daB
    auch in den Cod. Ambros.
    mbros. G 66 und G 78 finde,' beruht auf einem
    Intum.
    keiner
    kener anderen Mailnder
    Mailander Handschrift
    Irrtum. Ich konnte sie auch in
    weiter feststellen.
    1 F. $chulhe.
    5 c h u Jt ~ e. Gf,orgiC>!l
    Gf,orgio Gemi.!Jtoa
    Gemi.to Plelhon
    Plethon und seille
    reformatori..:hell
    reformator$cleII BeatreBetre
    bngen.
    bungen. Jena 187._
    87._ S. 106
    z06 f.
    I c.
    Co 37. 2.
    I VgI.
    Vgl. I 3.57
    )37 .
    c. H;
    ; 36.
    I A.
    . Gercke . a. O.
    . 13-'9'
    13-9 .
    A>.:.hiv f. Gesch. d. Philosophie
    Phlosohie 11 (BerHn
    (Bedin 1839)
    ' S!I9l "'2
    H" n. 34.

    OtorrtJ Traptzunm
    Tr.ptzuntJJ

    BI

    Gl
    GI
    Adversus Ttltodorum
    Adversas
    Tttodoram Gazam
    In
    PtrYtrsJontm
    PtrtrsJontm ProbltlNlturn
    Probltmturn Arfstotells.
    AstoteJIs.

    Platonem et scripsisse scimus et dicere solitum


    soliturn accepimus felices
    feliees 1, 1
    I)
    tunc
    tune fore civitates,
    dvitates, eum
    cum aut reges philosophiam colent, aut phiIosophi
    philosophi
    ad regna vocabuntur. Nam cum
    eum duobus maxime
    rna:xime ad gubernandas Utbes,
    gentes, nationes sapientia otestateque
    potestateque opus sit, aIterum
    alterum phlosophia
    philosophia
    parit, alterum regia praebet maiestas. Ita
    Ha
    per philosophiam quidem
    gubem andi habetur scientia, pet regnum vero regnique vires et auctori10 tatem
    tatern fit
    , ut quod rex decreverit, id sanct um atque inviolabile
    inVolabile permaneat. Quare et
    regnum phlosophia
    phitosophia eget, et phlosophia,
    philosophia, nisi regum
    auxiliis ac
    ae atrociniis
    patrociniis sustentetur, eoncidat
    concdat diUaOOturque
    dillaOOturque necesse est .
    Id tu, Alphonse, rex optime regum omnium, quos novimus, recte inteIligens,
    tellgens, eum
    cum multarum gentium I"egna
    regna tibi commendata divinitusG
    dvinitusG 1~
    15 videas,
    Vdeas, philosophiae studiis
    studiS assidue invigilas.
    in:gilas. incumbis, insudas. QuaQuo('aI sponte amplecteris, tua et ex officio regiae celsitudinis
    celStudinis
    niarn ergo ('aI
    tutari ac
    ae defendere debes. Idcireo
    Idcrco probJematica
    problematica philosophiae pars etB I"
    "
    ipse Aristoteles auctor,
    auetor, philosophorurn prnceps,
    princeps, ad te confugiunt opem
    opern
    et
    ! atrocinium
    pa!rocinium tuum quasi debitum flagitantes.
    lagitantes.
    20
    Theodorus enim, quidam natione Graecus,
    Theodoros
    Graeeus, moribus et ingenio OOr-'
    barus, Aristotelis problemata perversione sua nuper evertit funditus
    atque eorrupit,
    corrupit, quantumque in ipso est, et hanc
    hane phiIosophiae
    philosophiae partem
    partern
    e medio sustulit et auctorem
    auetorem eius AristoteIem
    Aristotelem tarditatis nota ameDamCDtiaeque affedt,
    affect, eurn
    cum ineptias ei suas attribuerit. Ad haec priscis etia.m
    etiam
    25 omnibus Aristotelis interpretibus ignorantiae
    gnorantiae dedecus inurere in
    n pra.econatur. In
    vivos queque
    quoque tam
    fatione
    fabone sua eonatue.
    tarn medicos
    rnedicos quam phiIosophos
    philosophos
    impudentcr
    impudenter insultat. Mihi etiam, qui antea quam ipse traduxeram.
    non
    parvam iniuriam fadt
    facit . Sed quod ad nos attinet, totum sibi con
    donamus nec aliam praeter rerum cognitionem petimus ultionem. Philo30 sophiae autem
    autern atque Aristotelis
    Aristotels causam ad te, regem
    regern iustissimum et
    ipsius philosophiae studiosissimum, deferre
    defene eonstituimus.
    constituimus. Certiores enim
    sumus te, qui pro innata tibi bumanitate atque iustitia vel
    sum.us
    in rebus

    27.
    27'

    GEORCll
    cRCl1 TRAPRZUNTIl
    TRAPRZUNTI1

    minimis ius
    !; non
    contemnis, philosophiae ac AristQtelis causam
    c.a;am ardentius
    suscepturum, praeserti
    praesertim cum ea
    res perpetuo
    pel'petuo phIosophantium
    philosophantium praeconio,
    praeeonio,
    utcurnque abs
    utcumque
    te
    suscepta fuerit,
    fnerit, non
    potert
    poterit non
    .
    praedicari.

    Quare. ut facilius tota possit cognosci causa, libellum ad te scripscri: : simus tuoque Domini
    nomini dedicavimus, in quo Theodori portenta non
    omma
    omnia f;
    - plura enim paene sunt, qu.am
    quam enumerari queant - sed tot,
    , quot
    sufficere putavirnus, e !ibris
    libris traductionum suarum uanscripsimus et,
    quid Aristoteles velit, quid Theodorus somniat, in lucem protraximus.
    rationernque
    ac viam
    iam aperuimus, qua
    qu.a universus Theodori monstrorum
    acervus percipi potest, quaque di1igenter
    diligenter legentibus patebit, quanta
    quartta 10
    iniuria philosophantes insequitur, quanta ignominia priscos interpretes
    nterpretes
    e luce
    Iuce in tenebras trudit, ut putat, quas ignorantiae
    gnorantae notas
    Aristoteli,
    philosophiae ,
    philosophia.e
    parenti. studet inurere,
    , quantam denique problematicae
    philosophiae ignorantiam legentibus
    Iegentibus ipse oonatur
    conatur infundere. Quas
    QU3$ ob
    res, inclyte
    inc1yte rex, qui quanto melius
    me1ius ceteris tu
    regibus philoSQpha.e
    philosophiae sacris U
    l~
    initiatus iustitutusque es, tanto acrius u1csci
    ulci.sci eam debes. Perlecto
    libello et cognita causa non
    minorem
    minorern iram
    ram adversu.s
    adversus improbos,
    mprobos, adversus
    calumniatores veterum interpretum, qui nisi {uissent, nulla
    nuUa esset apud
    Latinos rerum scientia, adversus Aristotelicae
    Aristotelcae doctrinae depravatores
    suscipias, quam regia maiestas et philosophiae ac litterarum
    ltterarum studium 20
    B
    2 f1agitat.
    flagitat. Nam si, quanto ceteris hominibus
    hominbu.s tum regia celsitudine,
    cehitudine, tum
    sapientiae studlls
    studiis praestas, tanto
    maiore indignatione
    ind.ignatione philosophantium
    hostem, priscorum interpretum
    interprelum persecutorem philosophae
    philosophiae fueris ultus,
    non
    dubito, quin cum propter alias
    Blas regias virtutes tuas, turn
    maxime
    maxme
    propter protectionem hanc
    hane
    una voce unoque ore universi philosophantes, 2f;
    immo
    mmo philosopha
    philosophia ipsa nomen laudesque tuas in perpetuum praedicabunt.
    2, I
    Saepenumero ipse mecum admirari soleo tum naturam, tum mores
    G 2~ eorum, qui eum
    cum nihil
    hl aut parum admodum sdant,
    sciant, non
    contenti tamen
    multa praec1araque de se ipsis praedicare litteris etiam audent, quae
    nesciunt, tradere atque mandare, quasi quicquam ipsi quoque ad com
    oom- 80
    munem
    rnunern utilitatem possnt
    possint conferre, neque id solurn.
    solum. sed a Graecorum
    etiam
    etam fontibus multa in latinurn
    latinum pe.rvertere <potiuS)
    <potuS) quam vertere
    non
    ab bistoricis tantum
    tanturn aut po(!tis
    po(!th; aut a quibuscumque
    quibuscurnque als
    i!> mediocri
    quondam versatis in genere, sed ab ipso quoque philosophiae magistro
    rnagistro
    Aristotele, quem
    quern recte intelligere
    ntelligere penitusque perspicere multo
    rnulto ante
    aJJte 35
    oportet, quam traducere institueris. Sed istis quidem ignoscere quisoportet.
    piam facilius poterit, nec adeo mirum esse contendet, si
    s nimio sui
    B
    3 amore nonnulli hominum mente capti, leves atque inanes, omnium
    rerum scientiam iactabundi falso profiteantur. I1Iis
    l!> vero quis ignoscet.
    ignoscet,
    qui quamvis ipsi nihil seire
    scre videantur, tamen
    tarnen quasi a1iorum
    aliorum mancipia.o
    mancia
    sint,
    snt, obliti sui ipsorum,
    ipsorun, obliti
    oblit utilitatis communis, obliti personae atque
    dignitatis
    dgnitatis suae, ignorantiam
    gnorantiam quasi praeclaram adrnirantur
    admirantur scientiam et
    el
    arnentissimorum hominum ingenia ad astra extollunt
    amentissimorum
    extolI.nt magnaque opera.

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.

    279

    studio, cura, quae ignorant"issime


    ignorantssme alii interpretati
    interpretat sunt, in
    n lucem non

    ad utilitatem a1iquam
    aliquam suam, sed ad so1am
    solam posteritatis perniciem edere
    conantur?
    coantur? Horum
    Horn naturam, homm
    hon.m mores, horum ingenia
    igenia quis iure
    adeo non
    mirabitur, ut prae stupore vel in lapidem non
    convertatur?
    6 Ego fateor sic vehementer moveri tantaque indignatione
    indgnatione pluromque
    plurornque G 3
    turbari, ut pestes
    pe5tes humani
    hurnai generis eos
    ws homines
    homies dicere minime
    minme dubitem.
    Qualis his diebus Theodorus quidam, cui Cages cognomen est,'
    est,.
    el(stitit. Immo autem
    eJ(stitit.
    autern exstat circumferturque bucnatoribus
    bucinatoribus multis, qui
    suae ignorantiae
    igorantiae consc
    co vel
    nescio qua turbatione animi vexati, quae
    10 Cages edidit
    edid.it omnia
    omia de graeco perversa.,
    perversa, ea sola quasi Minervam de
    caelo lapsam admirantur.
    admiraJ1tur. Horum verbis nos quoque aliquando
    alquando aut
    potius auctoritate compulsi nonnih.il
    oh.il certe non
    a.ltioris
    altioris cuiusdam scientiae, sedmentis atque ingeoesse
    ingeni.esse in Cage putavimus. VerumposteaquamB 3
    Iiber
    ber problematum
    problernaturn Aristotelis, quem Latinis traducendo e!)
    penitus cortUu16 ,
    pit, in
    n manus forte nostras pervenit, aut bestialem omn1no
    ornnino animam
    in corpore humano habitare aut, si
    S1 quicquam mentis in
    homine illo
    est, invidiae stimulis victum divinos ipsum Aristotelis libros,
    lbros,
    ut legentes
    confunderet.
    confundere t, pervertisse iudicavimus.
    iudcavimus. Id mihi
    mmi eo verisimilius nonnumquam
    quarn solet videri.
    videri, quod in
    n bucinatoribus quoque suis non
    maior
    2(lignorantia quam invidia esse perspicitur. Nec enim alia de causa vel

    ipse sua sponte inductus vel a complicibus suis ad traductionem problematum compulsus esse potest. Quid enim ad utiltatern
    utilitatem id commune
    comrnune
    erant traducta nostro 1abore
    labore multo
    fecisse ipsum affirmabunt? At
    antea. Sed ad gloriam suam? At
    maiora pulchrioraque adhuc restant
    2Ii Aristotelis opera.
    opera, unde magnam poterat laudem adipisci, si ea recte
    convertisset, nec labor suus aHum
    alum offendisset, quod omnes facere
    student, qui nominis atque laudis
    lauds vere eupidi
    cupid.i sunt. Nunc
    Nune vero non

    problemata solum, sed libros etiam de animalibus multis iam


    iarn annis G 3
    3~
    interpretatos
    intepretatos miM
    mhi ac editos minatur se 1atinos
    laUnos facturum.
    faeturum, quasi non

    30 1atini,
    latini, sed barbari
    barbafi a nobis facti
    faeli sint.
    sinto
    Hic est iIJe
    ille Theodorus Cages.
    Cages, qui cum Romam venisset,
    vensset, ut in-I
    -
    genium sibi divinum inesse ostentaret, quoniam
    quonam audiverat
    audive:rat me docendo B
    "
    dixsse finem
    fnem oratoriae facultatis
    facultatS esse persuasionem, oratoris
    orato:ris autem
    dixisse
    officium
    offcium eum
    cum assensione auditorum
    aud.itorum dicere,
    dcere, quoad eius fieri potest,
    35 illudque gratia explanationis
    explanatiUllis physicum add.idisse
    addidisse - aderant enim
    in
    naturali. philosophia periti nonnulli - generationis
    naturali
    generatonS rerum naturalium
    aturalium
    finem
    linern esse, ut quaeque species successione individuorum in
    perpetuum
    permaneat, duas statim el(
    amentia quaestiones tam
    tarn per se quam per
    alias publce
    a.lios
    publice posuit. Unam., quod ultimus :rheto:ricae
    rhetoricae finis
    n!> non
    sit simplex,
    40sed duplex; a.lter,
    alter, quem multi
    mult praeclarique opinantur et nos
    os diximus,
    dximus,
    hune
    hl.U1c extrinsecum appellabat;
    appeIlabat; alter
    a.lte:r (bene dicere),
    dieere), quem aiebat omnes

    8.19 buccll.atortbll.
    buccinatoribua B
    18 non
    "u"quant
    DIIDqa. G "on
    11"'111.'"
    u"qua", B
    I 19 quod
    qllod B
    qna.m
    qua.m G

    280

    GEORGlI TRAPEZUNTII

    praeter
    praetet se ipsum et Quintilianum ante illum diem ignorasse,
    ignorane, hunc
    hune
    intrinsecum nuncupabat.
    nucupabat. Ita magnus iste phlozophus
    philozophus magis quam
    philosophus duos diversos fines, quorum alter sub
    5ub altero
    altere nO
    continetur,
    continet,
    eei

    uDius constituit, quod impossibile penitus est. Alteram
    A1teram in
    n medium
    protulit quaestionem, quod finis, cuius gratia rerum naturalium gene-- 5
    ratio
    to fit,
    lt, ipsa inducenda in
    materiam forma esset. Ferreum
    Feeum hominem.
    qui non
    potuit
    pltuit adhuc discere
    d.scere nihil aliud esse generationem quam
    inductionem fonnae
    formae in
    materiam. Unde si
    s i fonna generationis sit
    5it finis,
    ins,
    oG 4sequitur idem sibi
    5ibi ipsi finem
    linern esse, quod ridiculosissimum invenitur.
    B
    4~ Quare non
    immerito
    mmerito exsibilatus etiam a p
    pueris
    ueris tunc,
    tune, numquam deinde 10
    huiusmodi disserere aliquid,
    alquid, immo
    ino oe
    ne grunnire quidem ausus est.

    Ego autem
    antern tum,
    turn, quia Graecus esse videtur,
    Vdetur, tum
    turn vei
    maxime,
    quia similes ignorantium iniurias non
    persequi. sed contemnere consuevi, dum modestia patientiaque mea non
    nimium abutantur, nihil
    nhl
    u mquam feci, nihil dixi,
    umquam
    d.i, nihil eogitavi,
    cogitavi, quod Cagem posset offendere. 15
    Unde credo animos ipsum adeo extulisse, ut per Andream Contrarium,
    quendam hominem impurum, ad ontificem
    pontifieem Nicolaum quintum, a
    quo paecipue
    praecipue ipse, quia Constantini urbem a summo pontilce
    pontiliee defeudi.
    defendi.
    tarn verbis quam scriptis oportere praedicabam, multis ineommodis
    tam
    incommodS
    afflietus sum, litteras miserit, quibus me absentem innocentemque 20
    afflictu.s
    conabatur opprimere ac
    ae dedecore, quanto poterat, per iniuriam et nefas
    modesta nos condonaremus, ut nisi
    S
    sie ipsi prae modestia
    afficere. Haec omnia sic
    perseveraret in
    maledicend.i
    maledicendi malefaciendique, quantum in ipso est, proposito, nisique Aristotelis problemata deiici
    deci mala interpretatione sua
    videremus, hunc
    hune scribendi laborem non
    approbavissemus, quippe qui25
    videamus non
    esse nobis honori amentium
    amentum sceleratorumque iniurias
    persequi. Verum quoniarn
    quoniam tanto est cuiquam repulsio iniuriae, quamvis
    quamS
    B
    6impotentis,
    6mpotentis, ac
    ae defensio
    delensio sui honestior atque laudabilior, quanto una
    omnes alegendis
    a Iegendis interpretationibus perfidia ignorantiaque depravatis
    G 4'
    4' revocantur,
    x;.a, non
    rnagis
    mags nostram, quippe qui
    numquam de Theodoro30
    calcitrante euravimus,
    curavimus, quam phlosophiae
    philosophiae ipsius ac veritatis rotec
    protec
    tionem
    lbenter suscepimus.
    susceim;.
    tionern libenter
    3, 1
    Breviter igitur primum, quam indoctus in eligencili>
    eligendis verbis sit,
    deinde quam rudis in
    intelligendo
    inte1lgendo Aristotele et eallidus
    callidus in depravando
    sensum ipsius, dicemus. Et sic
    sie ante
    atlte oculos omnium ponere curabimus,35
    curabmus ,35
    quanta obscuritas, quanta dicendi
    dieencli asperitas, quam horrida
    hda componendi
    durities, quam aliena verborum a consuetudine latine d.icentium
    dicentium potepote-stas, quam inepte omnia denique in oratione
    oratone sua inveniantur. Nam
    Narn
    et
    verba nec
    ne<: rebus aecommodantur
    accommo<iantur nee
    : inter se oommode oonnectuntur
    et
    a Carmenta usque repetita in philosophiam irruperunt,
    iuperunt, et res non.ro

    luce orationis explicatae, sed inepta garrulitate implicatae atque im


    in
    22

    DOS
    OS Bj
    )

    G __..

    37 duriti
    duritia
    .. G dunei
    durci.. B

    281

    ADVERSUS THEODORUH
    THEODORUM GAZAM.

    peditae ia.cent adeo,


    eo, ut percip!
    percipi nequeant. Quam longe vero ubique fere
    fele
    a sensu Aristotelis abel1et, paucs
    paueis et quidem sie
    Sc explanabimus, ut
    graecis litteris non
    egeamus. Tr;anslatum
    Tr:anslatum enim muUo
    multo ante nostra
    no;tra temten
    pora id Aristotelis opus fuit, sicut
    sieut pa.rum
    parum latine atque hac
    hae de causa
    Ii obscure, ita fideliter
    fdeliter integreque, ut sensus aut nusquam aut in
    admodum
    pauels violatus
    paucis
    violatu5 esse videatur. Qua.re si
    5 ea ex traductione
    traduetione nonnuUos
    nonnuUo; B
    15
    transcripserimus 10c05
    transcripserimu5
    locos et statim
    5tatim Theodori subieeerimus
    5ubie<:erimu5 ineptias,
    ineptas, facUe
    facile
    omnes, qui latine scitmt,
    scilmt, sive scelus sive dementiam ipsius videbunt
    sive utnmque.
    utrumque. Vix
    enim mihi
    mhi persuadeo tantam esse hominis posse
    10 i&norantiam, qui
    qU1 a1iquam
    aliquam litteris
    ltteris operam dederit, ut nihil
    nihU mentis
    mentS habere
    in traducendo vi.deatur
    videatur aut tantam stoliditatem,
    ut quae nulle
    n percipiat G IS
    S
    pacto, ea interpretando
    interp,-etando depravare
    dep,-avare audeat atque subve,-tere.
    subvertere.
    ne longior
    longio,- nobis fiat
    Sed oe
    Hat oratio, ad rem ipsam accedemus, si p,-ius
    prius s
    illud admonuerimus propriis rerum tritisque consuetudine auctorom
    auctorum
    ilJud
    16
    U' verbis
    ve,-bS facile ad oorum intelligentiam
    intelligentam legentes adduci.
    adduei, novis inu5itatisinusitatisque nihil recte intelligere
    intelli.gere posse. Trita vero usitataque scimus aliter
    plenrnque
    plerurnque ab aliis capi. Multa
    ta enim aHter
    aliter philosophi, aliter ,-hetores,
    rhetores,
    et Ari5totelici
    Aristotelici alite.r multa, aliter
    a1iter Platonici. Quare qui Aristotelem
    Aristoteiem
    interpretatur, ipsum sequi debet, non
    alios. Nam si
    5 alios sequetur,
    2ODon vertit, sed pervertit evertitque
    eve,-titque omnia.
    Problema quaestionem esse ait, eurn
    cum quaestio,
    ut omne5
    omnes aiunt,'
    a.iunt,
    propositio sit dubitabilis. Problema vero ne unum quidem inter innume,-abila paene Aristotelis problemata inveniatur, quod ambigue
    numerabilia
    propositum sit,
    p,-opositum
    5it, o.t
    ut vel cuilibet cae<:o insanoque homini pateat sensu
    25 certiU5
    certius ipso quiddam ab Aristotele semper sie
    sic proponi, ut nulle
    1l0 pacto
    paeto B
    6
    de re,
    , sitne an minime,
    mimme, ambigatur, sed veI
    vel per sensum certio,-is
    certioris ,-ei
    rei ra.tio
    quaeratur.
    quaeratu,-. Problema
    Problema. enim est,
    ut capitur
    capitu.r hic, rationis ,-ei
    rei sensu patentis
    inquisitio. I egite
    egte ipsius philosophi libros
    Iibros problematum, si qua rerum
    istiusmodi
    istiusmod.i eura
    cu.ra est,
    e5t, quaeso, si
    , unum de mille
    mi1le vel aiterum
    alterum p,-oblema
    problema
    00 reperitis,
    reperitS, cui aut
    a.ut quaestionis definitio conveniat aut haec problematis
    non
    congruat. Enumeretur inter praeclaros Cages philosophos, ad
    caelum laudatores
    laudato,-es sui
    5 omnium quasi viri
    probi ae
    ac docti praeconio
    p,-aeconio G 6.
    extollantur,
    extollantu.r, sin nulli problematum ab Aristote1e conscriptorum quaestionis
    stonis definitionem accommodare poteritis.
    potentis.
    35
    Quomodo mentem hominis in eo esse po.tabitis,
    putabitis, qui, eum
    cum plu.ra
    plura I
    quam milJe
    mille traduxit probIemata,
    problemata, ne res quidem sensu patentes '-
    proponi
    potutt? Quomodo
    Quomod.o seSum
    sensum ei
    hominis conttdetis, qui quae
    qllac
    percipere potuit?
    in promptu sunt, ea quasi latentia
    latenta quaerantur, quaestiones appellat?
    appeUat?
    Quomodo denique recte aliquid ab eo versum coniicietis,
    coniicietS, qui ,-em
    rem
    ..,
    . ipsam,
    ipsa.m, qua de Aristoteles tractat, penitus ignoravit?
    gnoravit? Quid problema

    81 :w defi"itioum
    defi"itioDD G

    1 ... b;lCCim,,~
    billCCimu~ G ... bicerem".
    biceremu. B
    I 30 defiDitjo
    defD;tjo G diffiDitio
    diffWtioD"",
    prDmptu G P'"<'"tu
    diffWt>oa"", B
    [ 38 rptu
    po"tu B

    282

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII
    GEORGlI

    sit, non
    vidit. Quae de problematibus scribuntur, vidit. Dequotractatur.
    oe
    ne sensit quidern, et
    ! quae dicuntur,
    dcuntur, percipit, rosi
    nisi certe ignoratis prinB
    6" cipiis
    cpis cetera sein
    }X)SSint,
    possint, aut in a&e
    & non
    iactis
    c! fundamentis condi
    suspensa domus q_ueat. Quodsi rationes
    n! sintne an
    non,
    no, quidem quaestio
    est, - ita enim
    enm semper usurpatur sed
    se<! rationes dilucidissimarum
    dilucid.ssimum 5
    rerum
    rern affeni
    afferri ab AristoteIe
    Aristotele Cages non
    intelJexit,
    intellexit, si nomen ipsum problematis, qua
    quo universum hoc continetur
    contnetur negotium, in
    quo
    nomine perqua Damine
    cipiundo non
    minus
    mnus operae, studii,
    studi, curae.
    cura.e. laborts,
    laboris, diligentiae impendeninpenden
    dum
    du.m erat
    e:rat quam in ceteris simul omnibus, quae in
    n eo codice conscribuntm, si haec, quae fundamenta principiaque sunt, quomodo hic capiantur.
    capJantur. 111
    assequi doctus homo non
    .
    potnit.

    larn
    Iam ex his
    bis pucisque
    paucisque cuncta complectuntur atque ambeunt.
    06
    G 6 Quis non
    perspiciat, qualia cetera sint, quae scripsit, quamque
    quarnque digna
    lectitatu? Nec enim quispiam
    quispiarn nisi omnino
    omnno mente captus Cagisque
    ratones ipsarum
    ipsa.rm rerum,
    rerun, sintne an non,
    , quasi ambiguasquaeriab
    ambiguasquaerab 16
    similis rationes
    Aristotele umquam contendet. Nam si sic esset, propositarum ambigue
    rationum ad utramque partem
    partern aut saltem
    saltern ad alterum argumenta
    inducerentur. Quod in
    n nullo
    nuUo problematum esse factum videmus.
    idemus. Cages
    autem,
    autern, quasi expositae rationes
    ratones quaestiones essent. ambigendo ipsas
    subiungit, tant
    ant ubique ambigendi
    ambgendi notam in solut ionibus praeponens.20
    Nam cwn
    cum interrogationem,
    interrogationern, cur
    CUT aliquid fiat, proposueit,
    proposuerit. illico infert
    inlert
    B
    7 .an quiac. Id vero
    a sensu philosophi,
    philosophi. hoc est arebus
    a rebus ipsis
    SS alienissimum
    alienissimn
    penitus doctrinae legentes inde
    jnde assequi
    est, primum quoniam
    quonam nihil
    nihI !
    possunt, ubi omnes dubitando rationes,
    radones, nulla affirmando aut negando
    profertur. deinde quoniam nemo umquam praeterCagem hoc instabili25
    docend genere usus
    usu.s est. Accedit, quod particula
    partieula te.
    e longa,
    lubricoque docendi
    quae ab A.ri.stotele
    Aristotele semper fere in
    solutionibus por.itur,
    ponitur, solvendi nota
    est, non
    ambigendi.
    arnbigendi. Nec ambigendi umquam
    umquarn apud Graecos invenitur,
    nisi quando post .poterumc graece,
    graeee, id est iatine
    Ia.tine .utrum., infertur, quo
    dicendi genere,
    genere. quando res postulat, Aristote1es
    Arstote1es utituc.
    utitur. SoIvendi
    Solvendi ergo 30
    nota vel vox,
    VOX, si eui
    cui sie
    sic placet
    plaeet appellare, dicenda
    rlicenda est. Id ita
    ... esse omnes
    Aristotelis
    A.ristotels expositores una voce testantur. Nam et
    Graeci plerique, in
    r.
    locis
    locs physicorum metaphysicorumque ubicumque
    ubieumque similiter ea.dem
    eadem partipa:rtiG ... cu.la
    cula ponitur. solutionem
    per eam signilica.ri
    significa.r (existimarlt)
    (exis timart ) solutivamque
    solutivarnque
    aut dia..sapheticarn,
    dia.sapheticarn, id est expositivam, nominant.
    nomnant. Nec est ullus
    uUns medio- 35
    36
    eriter
    criter doctus, qui hoc ignoret. In
    omnibus enim
    enUn et
    maxime vetustis
    vetusts
    cod.icibus physicorum Aristotelis super huiuscemodi particula expositio
    exposito
    eadem invenitur. Et
    Latini, quamvis in disiunctivarn
    dSiunctivam interpretes prisci
    vertennt. - disiungendi
    verterint.
    dsiungendi enim vocem tauh
    tautc pro ea posIerunt
    posuerunt - rebus
    1 problematibu.J
    problem .. tibu.J ptoblemati5
    problem .. ti. G B
    !
    2 percipit G pen;epit B
    I p rillcip
    rilldp H. B
    pri<lpri
    cipii G I ~ ...ti01l .... cripoi
    c.ripoi &
    &.
    1. "ofr".Jj]
    ' .. /r".Jj] <IOn
    <1011 ~ G
    Co B
    I qud
    quid~ B
    ql10d
    quod G
    Co I 6 ...tio..... B
    ...
    ration=
    ti01l_ G I dilucidi
    di!ucdiosin..."".]
    ........."".] dillucidisoim..,.".
    dUucidson..,.". G
    Co B

    ADVERSUS THEODQRUM GAZAM.


    GAZM.

    tamen ipsis coacti, quamquam nullam


    tarnen
    nullarn '3out.
    taut. vox
    nisi disiunctivam habet B
    7
    potestatem, ro
    pote5tatem,
    pro solutionis
    solutonis tamen nota in locls
    Iods semper similibus accea:e
    perunt.
    o rudes insanosque homines, laudatores Cagisl
    Cagsl 0
    supinae igno--,
    I>
    > rantiae
    ranta.e pecudes pot
    potius quarn
    quam viros dixerim
    dXerim t Particulae, quae
    qu30e nihil 30liud
    allud
    latine quam disiunctionem significat,
    sgnificat, homines in
    philosophia peritissimi
    rebus coacti,
    coacH, quas sequi omnes praesertim philosophiae professores
    debent, solvendi potestatem
    potest3otem 3ottribuunt.
    attribuunt. Ipsi graecae linguae magistri
    et latinae praecipui,
    praeeipui, ut put3ont,
    putant, 3ouctores
    auctores contra naturam rerum
    retum 3ombiambi10 gendi vim illi voci oonantur
    C()Uantur in
    eisdem
    eisdern locis intrudere.
    intrude.re. Nec phlosopho-
    philosopho-rum auctoritate moventur
    rnoventur nec scriptorum graecorum, id est oratorum
    atque historicorum, usum formid3ont,
    formidant, nec ipsa natura
    natum rerum
    remm impuden sua contundi
    contund.i. Invenitur enim diasaphetice, expositissima possunt ora
    dicam, Jet
    oe. particula
    partieula vuIgo
    vulgo 30pud
    apud illos
    Wos posita.
    tive solutiveque, ut sic diearn,
    15 Legant, quaeso, qui graece sciunt, imper3otoris
    imperatoris Iuliani,
    , viri eloquentiae
    eloquenta.e
    priscae. atticeque
    attceque ita loquentis,
    loquents, !
    ut nulli Atheniensium eedat.
    ced3ot. laudes
    ab ipso in Eu.sebiarn
    Eusebiam editas. Nec enim multum operae
    oper3oe eonsuroent.
    consuroent. G 7
    Nam statim in exordio Jet
    te. particul30
    partieula diasaphetice
    da.saphetice ac soIutive
    solutive sie
    sic aperetst Cagis
    Ca.gs laudatores non
    longe
    10 a canibus impudentia
    impudenta.
    tissime ponitur. ut etsi
    I!(I
    !( nec procu!
    procul aa. porcis
    pords spurcitia 3obsunt.
    absunt. negare tamen
    tarnen non
    possunt.
    passunt.
    Cura.bitur forte aliquJs.
    Curabitur
    aliquis. quid sit, quod eos a30 verit3ote,
    veritate, quae arebus
    a rebus 7
    ip$is
    praedicatur, seduxit. N30m
    Nam etiamsi indocti stolidique
    stolldique sunt, et figu_B 8
    ipsis praecatur,
    ram tamen hominis, inquiet,
    inquet, habere videntur et oratione
    oratone sicuti
    sieuti homines
    utuntur. Qu.id
    Quid aliud
    aHud quam amentia
    amenta. et ignorantia? Na.m
    Narn eum
    cum tei parti2S euia
    cu1a graeca. multas va.riasque
    variasque habeat potestates, et hanc
    hane dia.saphetica.m
    diasaphetica.m
    ae
    30c solutivam,
    solutivarn, ut diximus, quoniam
    quoniarn propter ignorantiarn,
    ignorantam, quaenam
    !atine
    latine in ea significatione
    gjgnificatione dicatur,
    dieatur, capere nequiverunt, ad longe alienam
    repulsi sunt. Sed cur, ait Ca.ges,
    Cages, .velt
    tvelt disiunctivam
    disiunetivarn ubique in locis simihae enim nonnuIIis
    nonnulJis eum
    cum pueris, ut
    libus articulam
    partieularn tu posuisti? De hac
    3Osolet, disseruisse ipsum
    3Oso1et,
    $m audio. Nam disiunctivaro
    disiunetivaro semper esse .veh
    tvet.
    particulam putat, quae diasapheticam
    diasaphetcam etiam ac solutivam vim passidet,
    possidet,
    ut mox apertum faciemus.
    Nunc auca
    pauca de muItis
    multis verbis
    verbS colligamus
    collgamus suis. Imrno
    Immo autem collecta.t.
    llecta.. I
    in praefatione
    prnefatione ab ipso
    ips<> Cage, quibus p!urimum
    plurimum g!oriatur,
    gloriatur, ut, qualia sint,
    35 facile videantur, nos quoque perstringamus.
    351aeile
    Substantiam latine did
    dici non
    putat, sed pro vocabulo- isto essentiam I
    aut n.aturam
    naturam aut constantiam
    oonstantiam romana.e
    romanae auctor eloquentiae philosophiaeque parens ipse posuisse ubique iacta.t.
    iaetat. At nescio, quo te digno nomine
    3oppellarim.
    Substantiae appellatione omnes tarn
    tam philosophi quam theo-the<>- G 7
    appellarim. SUbstantiae
    40
    logi non
    in alia usi sunt potestate veteres, quam iuniores utantur. B
    8
    l
    Nolo exemplis id eeteraque
    ceteraque huiusmodi
    huiusmod. corroborare,
    oorroborare, tum
    turn qu.od
    quod longum
    est, tum
    turn quod tam
    tarn aperte in omnibu.s
    omnibus mentitur
    rnentitur Ca.ges,
    Cages, ut solum commonere opus nobis
    nobS esse videatur,
    ideatur, immo autem
    autern ne commonere quidern.
    quidem.

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII
    TRPEZNTII

    .
    Omnibus en.im.
    e.im. qui nonnihil in pbilosophia
    philosophia perceperunt, haec apertissima
    apertSSirna
    sunt . Illud
    rllud ergo nostri praecipue officii
    offic esse videtur. ut omnes horternur
    hortemur
    rogemusque, !
    rogernusque,
    ut diH8entius,
    dili&entius, eum
    cum legunt, velint singu1a
    singula examinare atque
    perpendere. Quis enim
    enin non
    viderit
    iderit maximam in phi1osophiam
    philosophiam confusionem lien,
    nern
    fier, si non
    substantiae, sed essentiae
    essentae aut naturae aut constantiae 6
    praedicamentum dixerimus?
    praedicarnenturn
    dixerirnus? Quis
    porro philosopham
    philosophiam recte perdiscere
    poterit vocabulis rerum ita confusis, ut ad longe
    Ionge diversas, quam philosophiae auctores acceperint, signilicationes
    signficationes rapiantur? Res certe, dum
    legimus, non
    aliter quam verbis intelligere possumus. Quis ergo Cagem
    laudatoresque suos sicut
    sieut Aristotelicae phi1osophiae
    philosophiae perversores
    perverseres nonl0
    odent, cum
    oderit,
    eurn ipsurn in secundo physicorum libro
    lbro Aristotelem
    Aristotelern audiat
    eum
    cum materiam,
    materian , tumformam
    turn formam multo magis naturam esse, quod
    od vero ex hs
    bis
    compositurn est, non
    compositum
    esse naturam, sed secundum
    secundurn naturam ~ Quare,
    B
    Dsi ex materia et forma compositum natura
    natum non
    est, et substantia est,
    et quidem verius ceteris,
    ut AristoteJi placet. Quomodo intelligimus 16
    Gage
    C;,ge interprete
    nterprete Aristotelem, e
    c urn
    um ro
    pro substantiae vocabulo naturae
    scriptum inveniamus?
    nveniamus? Essentiam vero cur pro substantia dixit?
    dixit 7 Cur?
    G 8 Ut inextricabili confusione euncta
    cuncta evertantur. Essentiam enim
    enirn de accioontibus etiam dici, quamquam oblique,
    oblque, perspicuum
    perspieuum est. Substantia m
    de accidentibus
    aecidentibus proprie dicet prolecto nemo. Constantiam etiam pro20
    substantia dicere se iactat. Pudet certe me tam
    tarn pingui.a
    pinguia hodie graecorum
    graeeorum
    hominurn ingenia inveniri,
    hominum
    nveniri,
    ut ea rerum
    rtrum vocabula conlundi
    confundi a se non

    videantur videre, quibus omnia


    m. philosophiae fundamenta continentur.
    Quare aut non.
    non in
    vera
    vea Graecia natos dixerim, aut monstra Graeciae
    Graeeiae
    magis quam Graecos esse contendenm.
    2Ii

    Estne igitur tanta inter


    nter haec dilferentia, dicet quispiam,
    ut aliud
    aHud
    pro alio,
    aHo, etiamsi volumus, ponere non
    POSimus?
    poSi;imus? De differehtia horum
    non
    datur modo tempus disputahdi, nec eerte
    certe prudehtis esset propter
    vocabula, quae usus eomprobavit
    comprobavit ad altissimam
    a1tSSimam harum rerum
    return speculadonem diverti, praesertim curn et Latilli
    lationem
    Latit nurnquam
    numquam essentiae, num-30
    quam naturae, numquam
    nurnquam constantiae, sernper
    semper substantiae praedicamenturn nominarint, et Aristoteles. quem interpretantur, numquam
    tum
    nurnquam haec
    B
    g.
    gy nomina ro
    pro vocabulo substantiae posuerit. Quare qui aperte pnedicant
    praedicant
    nolle se in
    n transferrendo
    transfeendo Aristotele
    Aistotele sicut ipse
    se verba capere, ii
    hon
    aJiud
    pmedieant quam AristoteJem
    praedicant
    AristoteJern non
    converti a se, sed perverti.
    35
    3
    5,
    6, I
    Nimiurn in
    singulis insisto. Quare breviu~, quantum fieri
    lien potest,
    pe:rstringendum . 5unt,
    5, inquit, sempcr
    semper dicimus, numquam exsistunt.f At
    ista sic differunt, ut non
    on semper recte .sunlt
    s. pro texsistunh
    exsistunt. scribi queat.
    G 8Y am
    Nam exsistere apertius manifestiusque, quasi e fundo emergat, apud
    Ciceronem significat,
    sign.ficat, apud philosophos idem fere . Quod enim
    enin ex potentia 40
    4 phiJ:ooltiam
    phiJo.oop.Itiam
    B G
    31 Tbeod. Probl. Ptael.

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.

    285

    in actum iam
    am perenit,
    pervenit, quasi ex profundo emerserit, exsistere
    exsStere propne
    proprie
    dicunt. Esse
    Fsse itaque generalius est quam exsistere.
    exsstere. Quod eum
    cum ita $it.
    sit.
    quis
    quS ignorans
    gnorans adeo est atque insanus,
    insa.nus.
    ut praedicare
    praedieare audeat hominem
    non
    esse dicendum, sed animal? Profecto nemo praeter Ca,gem et
    ~ qui eum admirantlU',
    admirantu-, quos stu1tiores
    stultiores esse necesse est. Dolorem tritissi
    tritSsi
    mum
    mm apud omnes verbum dicere recusat. Siderationem pro dolore
    dieendum
    dcendum esse consulit. Fanaticum hominem, qui monstra verborum
    $Olus
    solus excogitavit
    excogtavit et se posse in
    n phlosophiam
    philosophiam intrudere
    ntrudere credidit
    CJ'edit r Quid,
    quod multa graeca
    graeea graecus ipse homo contemnit et ignota.
    ignot. praeponit
    10 latina, quae non
    apud omnes, sed apud ignotum aliquem $Olummodo
    solummodo
    reperiuntur?
    reeriuntur? Transversum saepturn dicendum
    dCendum censet, non
    diaphragma, B
    10
    abscessum, non
    apostema, quae nomina
    omn.a Celsus
    Celss et primus et $Olus
    solus dOOt.
    dxit.
    At Cicero, ille romanae auctor eloquentiae, qui multo
    m maio.rat
    maiorat
    romanis
    romans litteris ornamenta solus contulit quam ceteri omnes simu1.
    simul,
    15 apertissime in
    topicis, ut opinor,
    , et in
    tertia
    terto de finibus multa se graece
    dieere ait. non
    dicere
    quia dici latine non
    fX>S5ent,
    possent, sed quia clariora usu graeca
    essent latinis.
    latinS. Tu,
    , Cages, ignota enitus,
    penitus, quae
    qae numquam in usu Latinis
    fuerunt, certissimis
    certissimS graecis
    graecS postergatis in
    mediam phi1osophiam
    phosophiam com
    corn
    pellis. Ille
    IUe romanus
    cum ad scribendum
    rornanus orator atque philo$Ophus,
    philosophus, eum
    scribendurn G 9
    20 hoc maxime animum induxerit,
    ut patriam, sicut
    sieut ipse testatur, linguarn
    redderet ampliorern
    ampliorem ornatiorernque,
    ornatioremque, Graeciae verba, quae magis
    nagS con
    consuetudo trivit
    quam Italiae,
    Italae, minus
    m usitata deligebat.
    delgebat. Tu
    graecus
    graeeus homo
    in tantam
    tantarn es versus barbariem, ut a Carmenta usque repetita verba,
    quae ipsorum Romanorum usus abhorruit, aut ab aliquo innovata
    innoata nec
    26 umquam in
    communem usum recepta quasi orcorum
    poreorum aut ecudum
    pecudum
    greges ad praecla.ras
    praedaras philosophiae basilitas
    basilicas sieut
    sCut in spurcissima fabula
    invehere CODaris.
    eonaris. Ille liber
    tiber in
    n scribendo
    scrihendo suique iuris
    S verba graeca com
    plectebatur. Tu
    addictus adAristotelis,
    adAristoteIs, sicut
    sieut fidelem interpretem
    interpretern decet,
    sequenda vestigia
    vestgia u sum eommunem
    communern in verbis
    verbS illis aspernaris. Absc-essa.
    AbS('essa. B
    10
    30 transversa, saepta, pituitosos biliososque dicere
    dieere tu audes. Ille melancho-sem:r, numquarn
    numquam biliosos atra.
    atra, sicut
    sieut tu,
    , dicere
    dieere sustinuit.
    su.stnuit. Quam
    licos sempt:r,
    obrem? Quia sciebat biliosus verbum et novum esse et dici pro melan
    melaneholico
    cho1ico semper non
    posse, Cur ita? Quia, quamvis
    quamVS non
    angustior
    angustor sit
    51t
    latina
    latna lingua in multitudine verborum, longe
    Ionge tamen
    tarnen laHus
    latus graeca patet.
    35 Quomodo
    Quomo.o ? Quoniam tritissirnum
    tritissimum ipsi est.
    est, sicuti
    sicut e eentro
    centro verbum per
    eonvexa
    convexa sibi omma
    omnia eircumducere.
    circumducere.
    Non vldes,
    vdes, quo pacto. Attende igitur,
    igitur.
    Bilis atra
    ata melancholia
    melaneholia dicitur. Biliosus latine
    latne bi1e
    bile repIetus
    repletus tantummodo
    dicitur. Quae res morbus est, non
    natura
    natum neque complexio, Id inde
    constat, quod ipse horum verborum innovator Ce1sus
    Celsus remedi,a bliosis
    bjJiosis G 9
    D
    fOeonscribit. MeJancholicu.s
    fOconscribit.
    Melancholieus vero graecum verbum,
    erbum, non
    no atm laborantem

    -I>"I

    r ....... tristi""imum
    trit'8Sim.um G I 7 fanaticum]
    lanaticum.l pbaat,am
    pballaticum BG
    I
    36
    3 video
    ide ~ video
    ideo II
    : G

    I)
    > tritinimu,",
    tr,tiimur B
    -"'.

    18 ptuptia
    po&tuptia B
    G

    GEORGII
    GEORGI TRAPEZUNTll
    TRPEZNT11

    286

    bile tantum, sed naturam etiam atque complexionem designat. Recte


    namque rne1ancholica natura melancholica complexio dicitur. Biliosa
    natura bliosa
    biliosa complexio
    complexiQ dici laHne
    latine non
    potest.
    Non enim, quia rep1etus
    quispiam ble
    bile sit,
    $, ideo huius complexionis est,-nam etiam sanguineae
    atque phlegmaticae compIexionis
    compIexionS homines repleri hile
    bile possunt - sed quia 11
    temperies corporis
    corporS atque na,turae suae huiusmodi est. Hac tatione
    B
    11 Cicero, et dicendi et
    intelligendi praecipUllS
    praecipuus magister, pituitam quidem
    et
    blem
    bilem dicit. Pituitosos autem
    autern et
    biliosos quasi scopuIum
    scopulum fugit. Quas
    ob res divinitus
    divintus mihi medicorum phi1osophorumque
    philosophorurnque usu factum esse
    videtur,
    idetur,
    ut etiam choleram, pblegma
    phlegma melancholiamque
    melancholiarnque verba 1atinusl0
    latinuslO
    sermo
    S(!fffiO admiserit, ,
    ut, quando cholericam,
    cholerieam, phlegmaticam melancho1icamque
    melancholicamque
    perdpiatur.
    naturam complexionemve dicimus,
    dicmus, unde haec verba fluant, percipiatur.
    Pituitosam enim et biliosam complexionem rerum
    reurn natura repugnante
    dicere
    possumus.
    dieere non
    8,
    , I
    Longior sum, quia docere instituerequ.e
    instituereqe boc opusculo multos eupio.u
    cupiO.1Ii
    Nam quantum ad ignorantiam Cagis atque fautorum suorum pertinet,
    illud Ciceronis
    Cicerons satis
    satS superque est, quod in
    n primo
    prima de finibus, ne ineptam
    Epicuri garrulitatem
    gaulitatem despicere videretur,
    ideretur, scribit, immo certe praecipit.
    Praecepta
    Prae<:epta enim ego Ciceronis
    Cicerons omnia dicta et re<:te,
    recte, ut arbitror, duco.
    G 10 ,Philosopbus,
    tPhilosopbus, inquit.
    nquit. si
    5 aftert
    affert eloquentiam,
    eloquentiam. non
    aspemor, si non
    affert,20
    aftert,20
    f1,on
    non requiro. Re mihi
    miM satisfaciat.t
    satisfaciat.
    I
    Quid illud? Quam absurdum, ineptum furioswnque est? .Natura
    .Natu.ra
    ieeinorisque acuonem,
    aetionem, qua eibus
    cibus conficitur in
    lern, inquit, stomachi iecinorisque
    lem,
    alimentwnque vertitur, concoctionem, non
    digestionem clicimus.
    dcimus. Quam
    vero Graeci anadosin, id est in singula membra alimenti accommoda- 215
    2
    Honem,
    tonem, quam statim assimilatio sequitur.
    sequitur, digestionem nominamus.4
    nomoamus.4
    B
    ll
    UTT At banc
    bane Cicero
    Ccero non digestionem,
    digestonem, sed modificationem
    modieationem appellat, illam
    digestionern . Digestot, inqult
    digestionem
    inquit primum, deinde addit;
    addit: .modificatoqU6
    .modifcatoqU6
    cibo.t Sic enim
    enm in libris de divinatione
    divnatione cOllscribit. Probae igitur
    igi.tur omnes
    philosophi sic.
    pbilosophi
    sie. Omnesque medici
    meeliei utuntur. Quod ratio etiam ipsa et 30
    sermo graecus oonfirmat.
    confirmat. Digestio
    Dgestio enim, ut hic
    hie capitur, est eibi
    cibi in
    n partes
    per natura1em
    naturalem actionem discr.etio, separatioque utilis ab inutili sic,
    sie, ut
    in
    n locum suum
    5Uum quaeque mittantur. Id m
    primum in stomacho
    stomaeho fit.
    {. Digeritur
    enim natu.rali
    naturali actione
    actone stomachi cibus, parsque ad superiora
    supedora effumat,
    effunat.
    pars ad iecur compellit,
    oompellit, pars ad alvum, id est ad inferiorem ventrem,3ti
    ventrem.3
    defertur, deinde
    deode in
    iecinorem. Huius
    enim
    enm virtute aetioneque
    actoneque pars alimenti, quae illo fuit derivata, digeritur
    menti.
    dgeritur in
    partem aquosam,
    aquosan, quae ad
    urinales meatus defluit.
    defiuit, et numentalem (sic)
    (sie) sanguinem,
    sangunem, qui ad venas
    derivatur. Ubi tertiam
    tertam aiunt digestionem fieri, in qua similiter
    simjlter digeritur
    2 mdallcholita
    mdallcholiu. G ",elanehollia
    ",~lanclollla B
    I 3 NolI
    NOIl G .."
    Nam B
    I 10 meb.nchol.iamqDe
    meb.ncholiamqDe G
    ",elallChonia"'q"e
    ",~]allChODia",q"e B
    I 18 Epic"ri G Epicuril
    E:picuril B
    I gurulitatcml
    gurulittcm] pulitaten
    pnolitatelll. G B
    ,
    statim. "">"
    Kri/>,' .tat"",
    parte. B
    26 statim
    .ta.t"", G B
    I S3 mittantu.. G mictalltur
    mictlltur B
    I 37 putem G pane.

    20 Cic:.
    Cie:. Do
    Oe 1m.
    lin. I IS.
    ,.

    22 Theod. Prob!.
    Prob. Praef.

    28 Cic.
    Cie:. Do
    Oe div.l

    vRSUS
    APVJ!RSUS

    THEODORUM GAZAM.

    287

    per naturalem actionem


    aetionem alimentum, disseperaturque in partes, quae G O~
    lO~
    per eandem actionem
    aetionem ad convenientia
    convenientia. sibi loca utiles atque inutiles
    dimittuntur. Anadosis
    Anadasis autem
    autern haec non
    facit.
    Nec enim disgregat
    utile ab inutili,
    mutili, nec aquosam a sodiore,
    sotidore, nee
    : grossum a tenui,
    , quod
    Ii digestionis proprium est, sicut
    sieut nomen quoque ipsum astendit.
    ostendit. In
    diversa.s
    diversas B
    12
    enim oppositasque partes dissepara.re,
    dssepara.n:, discernere
    diseernere ordinareque significat.
    Sed quod per omnes digestiones alimentum
    a1imentum utile iam
    iarn affectum est, id
    singus membris accommoclat.
    singutis
    Permultum vero inter digestionem et distributionem atque accom-'
    PermuJtum
    accom-I
    10
    () modationem,
    modatonem, quam Cicero modificationem, ut diximus, nominat, Graed
    Graeci
    autem anadosin, interesse pingue ingenium Cagis et bucinatorurn suorum arrogantia
    arroganta nescio
    nesdo si umquam videre
    idere potuerit. Distributio
    Distributo enim
    atque modificatio totius in partes eiusdem rationis partitio est eurn
    cum
    aecommodatione. Di&estio nec accommodationem habet nec partes
    accommodatione.
    16 eiusclem
    eius:lem rationis, id est utiles partitur ac
    ae dividit, sed inutiles ab utilibu.s
    utilibus
    diseemit et separat.
    discemit
    sepa.rat. Sic
    Sie di&eri humores ante purgationem praeparatoris
    praeparatoriis
    dieuntur, quoniam grossiores
    dicuntur,
    gossiores a tenuioribus secernuntur. Aut
    il
    l attenuantur. Hi
    condensantur. Sic
    Sie apostemata epithematibus etiam
    etam Celsus
    concoctionS suae oblitus digeri ait. Sic
    Sie vina, sic
    sie me11a non eoncocta,
    concocta,
    concoctionis
    20sed di&esta dicuntur,
    dieuntur, quoniam insita naturalique actione
    aetione aliae
    alae ipsorum
    partes ascenderunt el(ddenmtque,
    pa.rtes
    excideruntque, aliae in
    fundum ddatae resident,
    r~dent,
    aliae
    alae medium tenent. Quare digestio,
    dgestio, quamvis
    quamvS absque insito ca10re G 11
    fiat, concoctio tamen
    est. Nam rei, quae concoquitur, partes
    non
    tarnen non
    secernuntur a tenuibus, crossae ac faeculentae a uris.
    12~
    non
    puris. Id vero B
    26 partes rei, quae digeritur. omnino patiuntur.
    Sed quid hoc altius
    a1tius rirnamur? Videant de his medici, quos
    quas penitus_
    contemnit ac
    ae ut ignorantes rerum omnium despicit Cages. Nobis graecus
    graeeus
    sermo
    seno et Celsus, quem ipse imitari
    mitari quidem
    quidern eonatur,
    conatur, sed non
    intelligit,
    inteUgit,
    satts superque fadet.
    satis
    fa.ciet. Actionem
    Aetionem in
    conficiendo
    confieiendo dbo
    cibo stomachi
    stoma.chi Graecorum
    30 sci
    prisci alii synepsesin,
    synepsesn, hoc est concoctionem,
    concoetionem, alii pepsin, id est digestiodgestio
    nem, esse putabant. Verba enim rebus, sicuti
    sieuti oportet,
    opartet, non
    ces
    res verbis
    aecommodabant. Celsus quendam Tarentinum,
    accommodabant.
    Taentinum,
    ut opinor - non
    enim
    certe memini
    en - secutus,
    seeutus, quoniam ille synepsesin stomachi iecinorisque
    ieeinorisque
    actionern esse censebat, concoctionem
    actionem
    coneoctionem id ipsum verbum de verbo
    verba ex36prim'e ns dbdt.
    3fiprim'
    doot. Cages,
    Gages, quid ipse arbitretur, alibi scribat nec Aristotdem
    in erimen
    crimen vocet, q
    quasi
    uasi ille eoncoctionem
    concoctionem nomina
    nomna vit
    actionem,
    actionern, de qua sermo
    seno
    est.
    Non enim synepsesin
    synepsesn ille, sed pepsin dixit.
    dixt. Videte, videte omnes,
    OlMes,
    qui Cagem forte legistis
    legStis aut lecturi estis, quomodo euneta
    cuncta sibi confunduntur. Aliud didt
    dicit Celsus, aliud
    aHud Aristoteles. Celsus concoctionem
    concoctonem ac
    ~ synepsesin esse arbitratur id, quod Aristoteles pepsin ac

    ae digestionem B
    13
    esse eenset,
    censet, deceptus fortasse, quia
    qua <li8estionem
    <8estionem coctio quaedam semper
    antecedit.
    33 ill.
    . G illi B

    ...

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTIl
    TRAPJ;:ZUNTI1

    Ignora.s,
    Ions, $gnoms,
    ignoras, 0 Cages.
    Gages. quid officium interpretis
    intepretis sit,
    S, quid hominis
    honins
    G 11
    IP sua scribentis. Hic sua exponit. ille aliena in aliquam linguam fideliter
    refert. Tu
    Aristotelem ad Celsi sententiam ignorantissime trabis
    trahis et
    philosophiam eim
    in
    n tuam
    tam vertere
    veriere conaris
    conafis et
    tua
    Don
    AristoteJis legi
    eg
    efficere studes. In
    longe namque a1ienam
    alienam rern
    rem AristoteJes inique abs 6Ei
    te
    distorquetur.
    dstr.etur. Meliores habet latma
    latina lingua philosophos. quam conCO
    siJiarii tui
    tut et
    tu
    sis. Ii rebus vocabula
    usu approbata tribuunt atque
    accommodant, idque ceteros facere hortantur. et
    non
    fadentes
    facientes indoctos,
    inanes, futiles, invidos,
    inidos, audaces. temerarios, Ieves, lucifugos,
    Iucifugos, maledicos,
    mOstrosos arbitrantur.
    monstrosos
    arbit.rantur. Quas ob res crede nulli te
    umquam prudenti et 10

    tui ac tuorum dissimili satis facturum. Vident enim omnes, quam


    qan ignogno
    rantissimus atque impudentissimus una eurn
    cum omnibus tuis
    tuS sis. Intelligunt
    non
    veroorum
    verborum te soIwn.
    solwn. sed rerum etiam multo magis esse innovatorem.

    Non sunt oes(;,


    es, quo tendat
    teodat tua hae<: atque tuorum petulantia. AristoteliAristote1icam disciplinam
    dsciplinam funditus, quantum in
    ipsa est, subvertit, phlosophian
    philosophiam 16
    B
    13~ radieitus
    radcitus ex
    usu hominum evellit.
    Non magis verba quam re!)
    res novas
    inauditasque sub auctoritate Aristote1is promulgat. Quod utrum ignorantia
    antia facias, an stultitia, vel potius utroque huiusmodi
    huiusmod vitio
    io animi,
    anim,
    aliorum sit iudiciuffi.
    iUdCiUffi. Vide, quam prudens sis. Quae
    Qua.e quadri&entorum,
    ut ipse scribis, annorum frequenti usu consuetudo trivit, ea tu
    revocasse20
    ae in melius
    ac
    ml!> ve.rtisse iactas.
    iaetas. Ne<:
    Nec illud Horat
    Horatii te movet, quo ut ceteri
    relert :
    praeter te omnes
    omne5 ad eonsuetudi,nem
    consuetudi.nem verba omoia
    onnia refert:
    G 12

    .Multa, inquit, renascentur,_ .si


    .5 voiet
    valet usus,
    quem
    m penes arbitrium est et
    ! vis et florma
    norma loquendi
    I.oquend.t
    .

    Plus tamen
    tarnen mwto,
    multo, quam profiteris, facere conatus
    cooatus es. Longe nam- 25
    que aliter
    a1iter accipere paene omnia non negas, quam nullus umquam acceperlt. Substantiam non
    perit.
    dids,
    di<:is, quod Augustinus et
    Augustino vetustiores
    scribunt. Naturam,
    Na.turam, essentiam,
    esseotiam, constantiam
    oon5tantiam
    pro substantia ponis. Primum non
    vides,
    ides, quam stultum 81t
    genera1issimun praedicamenti !
    sit generalissimwn
    uoius
    tot appel1a.tionibus
    appeUationibus nominare. Deind.e eurn
    <:um si.ngularia
    singularia quaeque substantia 30
    sint, natura.
    natura non
    sint, eurn
    cum essentia de accidentibus quoque dica.tur.
    dicatur.
    substantia
    n.m, eurn
    cum constantia virtus
    rtus vel
    convenientia sit,
    subsubsta.ntia minime,
    stantia non
    sit, primi generis cognitio, quantum in te
    est.
    est, de rnedio
    medo
    B
    14per confusionem tol1itur.
    tollitur. Siderationibus, bilositatibus,
    biliositatibus, concoctionibus
    ooncoctionbus
    lidern hominum, volumina.
    volunina sunt, quamvis
    quarnvis de 31>
    3
    Aristotelis referta, proh fidem
    hoe ultimo queri debeat. Nemo
    ho<:
    Neroo rectae
    recta.e namque homo popmae
    popinae coquendi
    coquend
    verborurn
    erborum amplectitur
    arnplectitur tantique facit,
    ut vix
    a1io diverti queat. Sed d.e
    verbis
    erbis seorsum satis, quamquam
    quarnquam satis
    satS dici non
    posst.
    possit.
    21

    or G
    G OratH
    Hora'li
    OratU

    I
    30
    B

    appellatio.:ibu. G
    G appel1atiOlllt
    apel1atioll!.
    appellatiOllibu.

    polt. 10.
    sq.
    23 Horat. An
    ... p<)It.
    '10. l' 'q.

    ADVERSU S THEODORUM GAZAM.


    ADVERSUS

    289

    Nunc quam
    Nune
    qua01 pe.perant
    pe.tperant phlosophi
    philosophi problemata intellexit,
    intel1exit, quantum
    quantu017,
    7, t
    que omnia
    omma depravavit, paucis ostendamus textus de SUls
    sus quosdam
    praeponentes et nonnumquam veteri tra.ductioni
    traductioni conferentes, unde, dur~
    duri~
    Hes
    ties quoque orationis
    or:tionS suae atque obsc:uritas
    obs::uritas Cannentalis
    Canentalis quanta
    qu.a.nta sit
    sit,,
    li
    intel1ig:i.
    intelligi forsan poterit, et verba minime rebus accommodari facilius
    apertiusque cognoscentur. Primum igitur
    gi problema statim, deinde, ut G 12"'"
    forte obtigerit, pauca e multis
    rnultis proponemus.
    proponemus .
    .cur,
    Cur, inquit,
    inqUt, exsuperantiae nimiae committendi
    com.mittendi morbos vim babe-'
    ant? An quia vd excessum vel defectum
    defeeturn efficiant? 0 rudem
    rudern atque
    loindoctum hominem
    horninem et latinae linguae,
    Inguae, in quam Aristotelem
    Aristotelern pervertit,
    Don
    convertit, penitus ignarum!
    gnar! Rei certae
    cerlae rationern
    ratonem quaerit Aristoteles,
    et iste rem
    rern certiorem subiunctivo expressit verbo scribens:
    scrbens: .cur
    C exsu
    perantiae vim habeant committendi
    multis
    mlS facit, in
    comrnittendi morbos
    rnorbos . Id in
    !! etiam
    eti.am verbo indicante
    indcante usus est. Quod ostendit
    de BI'
    ,
    nonDllliis
    ostenciit eum ni!
    111
    compositione latinae
    latnae orationis
    oratonS intelligere.
    intelligere.
    Doceamus ergo ipsum,quamvis ingratus sit, traductionesque nostras,
    etiam
    etiarn cum utilitate malevolorum atque invidorum
    invidorurn defendamus, quamvis
    quarnvis
    non
    dubitem
    dubitern multos eam
    earn nobis
    nobs gratiam
    gratiarn re1aturos, quam
    qua01 Thales ille
    MiJesius postulabat. Nam quando ab eo quaerebatur, quaenam esset
    2Gpro
    2Cro doctrina O1erces
    merces deponenda, sic respondere solitus fuisse
    {sse dicitur:
    .Si
    tSi profiteberis a nobis didicisse, dignam nobis O1ercede01
    mercedem reddideris .
    Quando igitur res certior est patetque per se, nec ipsam quasi ambiguam
    suspendere scriptor velit,
    velt. indicativo,
    ndicatvo, quando autem
    aute01 incertior res est,
    aut, quasi incertior sit, suspendendam scribens putet, subiunctivo
    subiunetivo ut;uH15
    ! mur O1od.o.
    modo. Cur ieiunas in die passonis
    passionis Domini?
    Domni? Et
    quis eo
    co die
    de non

    ieiunaret ? Cicero
    ieiunaret?
    ccero in pmo
    prima de finibus:
    fnibus: tcOnstituam,
    onstituam, quid et quale sit
    sit G 13
    J3
    id,
    W, de quo quaerimuM, et subdit: ~uaermus
    ~uaerimus igitur, quid sit exUemum.4
    eemum.4
    Et paulo post: .Hane
    tHanc ego eum
    cum teneam sententiam, quid est, eur
    cur verear,
    oe
    ne ad eam non
    possm
    possim accommodare
    aecommodare Torquatos nostros?
    nostros ? ltem:
    Item: .Quae
    30 fuerit causa, mox
    m viderot, et subiungit: .Quid
    tQui.d ex eo est eonSCClltllS?
    consecQtQS?
    Laudem et caritatem.. Sed nostris libentius utemur exemplis,
    exempl.i.s, tum
    turn
    quia
    qllia res per se patet, ut nonn1si
    nonnisi commonitione opus sit.
    sit, tum
    turn qllia
    qQia facilius B
    16
    nobis ac brevius
    brevills est.
    est. Cur feeisti
    fecsti heri Slc?
    sic? Et
    quare non
    fecissem
    fecissem?? CUf
    Cur
    iam pridem ad me non
    venisti? Quia nihil
    nihi! aat,
    erat, cur venire deberem.
    35
    a Quando igitUf
    igitur quare, cur,
    , quamobrem
    quamobr~ procedit, tunc
    tune indicativa
    ndicativa oratio
    rem esse certissimam
    certSSimam monstrat et rationem quaeri significat,
    signifcat, quare h
    homo
    omo
    est substantia, cur
    anima1
    anima! de homine
    homne praedicatur. Subillnctiva
    SubiQnctva vero
    oonua
    contra ipsam rem ambiguitate
    arnbiguitate ni.mia
    ni.ma in
    n oppositam negationem fetorretor9 effidant] .m";ntur
    .,fkj-ntl1r B
    I 17 mal
    na! ......
    ....o.Iorum]
    km.n] me.livolarum
    ne.livolann B

    I 18 ThaI_ G

    TaU
    TaU_
    .. B

    Flor. 18. (N.


    :n, ro)
    8 Th.od. Prob!..
    Probl.. 1 J.. 4"".
    41'''. I 21 Apul.iI
    Apul.I Flor.18.
    (. H.t... 1'. :17.
    ) I
    26 Clc...
    Cle... De
    n.. tin.
    fin. I 29. I 28 Cic.
    Cie. De
    n.. tin.
    fin. I 35. I 29 Clc.
    Cl e. Pe
    n.. fill.
    till . I 35.

    "

    GEQRGU TRAPEZUNTII
    GEQRGII
    RPEZNII

    290

    quet. Nam sicut qui didt,


    dicit, cur homo animal
    aninal sit, negare videtur hominem animal esse, sic
    sie qui respondet immo, cur homo animal non
    sit,
    St.
    negandi vim
    inclusam rursus negavit et
    ad affirmationem se retulit.

    Quas ob res liquida Cages omnia


    omna paene philosophi problemata sul>subiunctiva oratione interrogando proponens in
    contrarium rapit. Nam eurn
    cum li:
    dicit: .cUT
    tCur exsuperantiae committendi morbos vim habeant?
    habeant ? Cur mutationes morbos vel
    fmiant
    {a vel committant?t,
    committant ?', nec exsuperantias habere
    Hones
    ballere
    vim
    ad committendos morbos nec mutationes ad finiendos
    fniendos vel comG 13 y mittendos
    rnittendos orationis compositione ostendit. Videte, quaeso, qui eum

    legitis, quomodo per ignorantiam aut potius amentiam cuncta evertit.


    eertit. 10
    Nec enim abstrusum atque abditum est, quod dicitur, nec longis
    BUS
    ls grammaticorum indiget
    ndiget institutionibus. Natura sie
    8: omnes loquuntut.
    loquuntur.
    c
    Nec qui aliter loquitur, rationis particeps
    partieeps esse videtlU". QuOO pueri
    quoque vident, id Aristotelis interpretator Cages non
    videt. Disce
    litteras, puer. Cur discam? Veni
    huc. Cur veniam? !
    NoH ludere. Quare 16
    non
    ludam? In
    IJ omnibus enim
    m his nullarn
    nulIam esse rationem, quare discere,
    dSCere,
    venire, non
    ludere debeat, ostendit oratio
    ..
    _An,
    An, inquit Cages, quia ve1
    defectum vel excessurn
    excessum effidant?
    efficia.nt? Efficiant
    Eficiant recte hic, quantum ad
    orationis oompositionem.
    compositionem. tAn. enim dubitandi apertius vim
    m a superiore
    compositione contraxit.
    contrax.it. Sed res universa subvertitlU".
    20
    I
    Deum testor et
    ! oonscientiam
    conscientiam meam
    rneam nullo me
    m: moveri
    noveri OOio
    magis
    adversus hos ignorantes
    gnorantes quam
    quan veritate rerum
    rerurn et philosophiae amore.
    arnore,
    quam evertere
    : per ignorantiam et dementiam
    dementiarn student. Neque convincior,
    oonvncior ,
    lta milli
    ita
    il D.::u:;; propitius felUc:que
    fe:que sit,
    s, ut vices iniuriarum
    iniuriaruffi reddam, sed
    quia magnitudo ignorantiae atque stoliditatis suae tanta est, ut, qui25
    non
    ded.ignefur.
    dedignetur, praeter eomm
    eonm similes
    5im les sit
    5 nemo, nisi forte perversiones
    pcrversiones
    suas nec
    ne<: legerit
    Iegerit nec
    ne<: inteUexerit. Ego autem cur dedignatione, quam
    maximam possum capere, non
    afficiar,
    afficia, praesertim qui haec scribo, ut
    G 14 non
    alios soIum,
    solum, vemm
    n etiam ipsos invidos malevolosque meos
    rneos ad
    meliora veraque litterarum
    ltterarum studia
    studa philosophiaeque reducam? Ignoscere SO
    B
    16 igitur amnes
    omnes lecturi
    lectur debent. Nam si
    magistros,
    nagistros, qui adolescentes.
    adolescentes,
    ut
    discant, turn
    verbi5,
    verbis, tum
    turn vero
    etiam verberibus vexant, laud.ibus
    laudibus non

    parvis afficere consuevimus, cur


    cur ego in
    re tam
    tarn necessaria nec minus
    Cagi ac suis utili, nisi
    bestiale omnino
    ac indocile ingenium habeant.
    veniam .non
    non impetravero
    mpetravero??
    M

    Quis credat
    c.redat igitur, 0 amatissimi homines,
    homines. cum interrogaverit
    Aristoteles, CIU" res ab eo proposita sic
    Aristoteies,
    sie fit,
    , aut quare hoc
    boc vel
    ve1 illud ita
    se habet. rei vel
    ipso sensu
    seru>ll certioris - id enim problema est, ut diximus
    dUc:imus
    - rationem statim sibi ipsi dubiam
    dubam subiecisse
    subiecisse??
    Non dico hoc, quia
    ipse quoque homo
    bomo non
    fuerit.
    Homo certe fuit,
    fult, et
    se ipsum recte.o
    recte Ml

    4 liquida
    liquid& ."ip.i liquido
    I 12 Joquuntur G lllCUntur
    l"""'I1tur B

    '"
    liq.,ido V B
    ilIvidoo B
    iIlvidoo
    Invidi_
    Iod_ C I ",al""olooq .. ~) m"livolooq
    m"livol00qu~
    .. ~ C B

    Th~od.

    Probi. I t.
    ProbI.
    l . 3.
    3 4r.s".
    4'.5".

    I ~

    eti"lD B]
    ] C OM.
    _.
    eti"",

    291

    ADVERSUS
    ADVRSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.
    GAZM.

    cognoscebat hominem esse.


    esse, qui errare potest. Ideo nonnumquam.
    nonnumquam, quasi
    afferebat, utrum quia sic,
    sie, an
    ambi&uitatem rationum videret,
    vderet. statim afferebat.
    quia sic
    sie esset. Tu
    Cages fere in omnibus ipsum dubitasse
    dubtasse ostendis, eum
    cum
    et res sensu notissimas ambiguendo proponas et rationes subiunctive,
    tum ab auctontate
    auctoritate scientiaque Aristote6 id est dubie. subiicias. Quae res turn
    lis, ne dicam ab omnibus, qui mentis compotes sunt, tum
    turn ab officio
    offieio
    tarnen Cages, quoniam nihil
    l
    docentis alienissimum est. Nonnumquam tamen
    certius sciat, rationem verbo indicante subntit,
    subnectit, ut statim
    statin in secundo
    problemate : .An,
    , quoniam causae, quae morbos committunt,
    comrnittunt, adversae
    10inier
    10 inter se sunt., quod etiarn
    etam in proponendo per interrogationem
    nteogationem facit.B 1~
    rn modo subiunctivo,
    Na.m
    subiunctivo. nonnumquam indicativo,
    ndicativo. quasi nihil
    ih intersit,
    interst. G 14
    ....
    varietatis
    vaetatis causa utitur. Ita plura sunt vitia
    vita in sermone suo quam
    quarn verba.
    igtur problematum.
    problematum, quia res vel sensu ipso patentes 1
    Propositiones igitur
    proponuntur, ne subdubitasse quidem scriptor de rebus tam
    tarn claris atque
    16 d.ilucidis
    dilucidis videatur
    ideatur , indicando proferendae, ra tionesquoque similiter omnes.
    Narn
    Nam etiam quando .utrum.
    m. aut .an. pra.eponitur,
    praeponitur, res quidem ambigua.e
    pronuntiantur. Quando certi quiddam subostendere
    5ubostendere ol~
    volu~
    subiunctivo pronuntantur.
    mus, eas indicando absolvimus. Utrum vis.
    vis, faciam
    mU5.
    facam ; id est alterum, quod
    certe vis, faciam. Utrum velis,
    vetis, fadam;
    facam; hoc est alterurn, quodcumque
    !IOvolueris.
    IIOvolueris, faciam. Cicero
    Ccero in
    n pmo
    prima de finibus: .Utrom
    .Utrum i&itur percurri
    una p1acet
    placet voluptate
    omnem Epicureorum disciplinam placet.
    placet, an de
    quaeri, de qua omne certamen
    certarnen est ?Idem in
    u1timo
    ultimo de finibus: .Utrum
    ' tibi non
    placet,
    pla.cet, inquit, virtutis tantam vim esse, ut ad beate
    i&itur'
    vivendum
    ivendum se ipsa contenta sit?
    5it? An
    si
    5 id probas, ita fieri
    lieri posse negas,
    t5 ut ii,
    , qui etc . Idem in
    eodem: .An ne hoc quidem Peripateticis concedis?
    concedis 1.
    Terentius in
    n Adelphoe: tan quicquam etiam est amplius . Certius enim
    quicquam
    qucquam hic capitur,
    , quod sequentia
    sequenta ostendunt quidda.m
    quiddam amplius
    esse affirmantia. Respondetur enim: .verum ampliust. Praeterea Cicero
    ad Herennium ubi de genere deliberativo agit, .ut si
    consulat Hanniba1.
    Hanniba1, B
    17
    SOcum ex Ita1ia
    Halia Carthaginem
    Carthagnem accersitur, an in
    Italia
    Ia permaneat, an G 111

    domum redea.t,
    redeat, an in Aegyptum profectus occupet Alexandriamt.
    Alexandriarn. Dicas
    arnbigua sunt,
    5unt, indicative et videbis
    videbS aperte insaniam
    insanam Cagis,
    haec, quae ambigua
    qui haec
    baec indifferenter conscribit: ut si
    consulit Hannibal, an in Italia
    penanet,
    pennanet, an domum redit.
    redit, an in Aegyptum profectus occupa.t AleJCan~
    35 driam. Vide5
    Vides nihil
    nibil huiu5modi
    huiusmodi oratione contineri.
    contneri.
    An non
    ipsae quoque
    aures iudicant huius
    buius sennonis
    senonis barbariem atque inconstantiam?
    17 Q"IIudo
    Qudo G Q"II
    Qa.
    ... B
    I 23 virtuth]
    vrtuti.] virtuti
    vrtuti....,
    ..... H.
    . J 28 AdeJphoe] adeJphis
    adeJph. G B

    28 venua
    verum G B
    veto 04.

    9 Arilt.
    Arit . Probl
    Prob! ' a. 85~a. 1. ~ MI.
    -.-n.
    ~. o~
    m-I)Ao.~ ..a
    ' 'Ii)v
    '"r Y6
    6"""
    ....... "".oiNTa:.
    ooW. 1
    Th.od.ProbJ.I~. 415&
    Th.od.PobJ.I~.
    415&. r 20 Cle.
    Clc. Defin.
    Defi ... I a8.
    28. 122CIc.De fia.v11.125Clc.
    1)., fia.
    fu. V 93.
    91. 1
    28 Ter
    TeroDt.
    oD t . AdeJphoo 468. 1
    28 ToreDt.
    TeroDt. Adelphoo
    AdeJphoo 4P9.
    9. 1
    29 Cic.
    Cie.
    Ad
    d Her. 111
    ~,s .
    ,.

    '"

    292
    I

    GEORGIl
    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTrt
    TRAPEZUNTll

    Ta1is est Cages ubique. Relativorum etiarn constructionem


    Talis
    constructionern penitus
    ignorat. .An, inquit. causae.
    causae, quae morbos committuntf. et
    in tertio
    tertia
    problemate .ut
    ,ut qui etiam bene va1entf.
    valent., et
    in
    aliis quam plurimS
    plurimis sOOisOO1liter. Ignorat en1m
    enim relativa,
    re1ativa, si certum ac finitum
    Initum quiddam referant,
    refeant,
    indicativo,
    indictivo, s1
    si aliquid meertiu!
    ncertius aut generalius. subiunctivo coniungi.
    coniung. 6
    Demosthenes, qui orator fuit maximus. Aristoteles.
    Aristoteles, qui naturae secreta
    primus docuit in
    n lucemque produxit. Hi,
    , qui virtutem amant. li,
    , qui
    litteras oderunt. Cicero ad Herennium
    Herennium:: .principiwn,
    .prncipium, quod grae: prooemium appellatur. et insinuatio,
    insnuatio, quae epodos nominatur.f
    nominatur. Item: Mn
    secutio
    secuto est, euro
    cum quaeritur,
    quaeritur. quae si8na nocentis et innocentis
    innocents consequi 10
    B
    17so1eant..
    17so1eant . Et in
    ultimo de fioibus:
    lnibus: .Non hi soli numerantur,
    qui Acade,
    miet vocanfur,
    mici
    vocantur, Speusippus. Xenocrates, Polemo
    PoIemo . Idem in
    eodem:
    .Fo)ycratem
    ,Polycratem Samium felicem appeant.
    appeUant. NhI
    Nihil acdderi
    accideri t ei,
    , quod noI1et
    nollet.
    G lli
    Y ,At
    . multls
    mlS malis
    maUs affe<:tus.
    affectus. Quis negat? Sed ea mala virtutis magnitudine
    rnagnitudine
    obruebantur.'
    obruebantur
    . Et
    pau!o
    paulo ost:
    post; .nonne
    . nonne clamant sapienti plus semperllS
    sempertlS
    adesse, quod velit,
    velt, quam quod nolit?f
    oJ?
    ~
    Haec igitur,
    , quam
    quarn diximus, relativorum
    re1ativorum regula est,
    est , quae tarnen
    tamen
    rerum vi
    superatur. Nam si quando rem certam sub ambiguo propter
    modestiam
    modestam vel
    l alias causas proferre vo!umus,
    volumus, subiunctivo
    subiunctvo uti oportet.
    oportet,
    sicut contra, si generalius
    generalus incertiusque
    incertusque aliquid ad certiora retrahendum 20
    sit, indicativo uti
    ratio cogit.
    oogit. Quare naturam rei
    prius nosse oportet,
    deinde quid qua1eque
    qualeque velis efficere, postremo ipsorum quoque relativorum oonsimilem
    consimlem naturam non
    ignorare. Cicero huius dabit exemplum
    ex
    tertio de finibus .Ut
    ut enim,
    enOO, qui demersi sunt in aqua, nihilo
    nihlo ma,gis
    ma.gS
    respirare possunt, si non
    longe absunt a summo.
    summo, ut iamiam possint25
    tune essent in profundo. Nec catulus
    catu1us ille,
    emergere, quam si etiam tunc
    qui iam
    iarn appropinquat,
    appropnquat . ut videat. plus cernit quam is, qui modo est
    natus . Prioris hoc sit exemplum.
    exernplurn. Aeneas vif
    vir !>
    pius fuit, quippe qui etiam
    B
    18 ad inferos,
    nferos, ut patrem videret, descenderit.
    descendet. Nam
    Narn quoniam ad fabu1am
    labularn
    refertur, subiunctivo
    subiunetivo dicere necesse tibi est, si rationem sequeris. Quod30
    autem
    autern propter fabularum
    fabulahm instabilitatem id competat.
    competat, inde patet. Nam
    si vim fabulae allo
    a lenieris verbo, utendum indicativo est. Quippe qui
    etiam
    etiarn ad inferos, ut patrem videret.
    videret, dicitur
    dieitur descendisse.
    des:ndisse. Modestiae vero
    causa Ludus
    Lucius apud Ciceronern
    Cceronem in
    n ultimo de finibus: .Et ilIe
    il eum
    cum erubusset:
    buisset: Noli, inquit.
    inquit, ex
    me quaenre,
    quaerere, qui in
    Phalericum
    Phalerieum etiam descen-$
    descen-35
    o 16 derim. Quo in loco ad fluctum aiunt decIamare
    de<:lamare solitum
    soltum Demosthenem.t
    Verum ut, quae ambigua, generalia incertaque aut sunt aut talia nos
    8,

    ,An.

    12 PoIemo]
    PoIellloj PaJemo G B
    I 13 Polycr .. tem G Policntelll.
    Po1cntem B
    I aa:iderit
    a:iderit G B
    aa:ia:!
    d.".a.t doll.
    dero.t
    "-J. J 28 A""
    "" ...... GEIl
    G ....
    ..... B
    I 35 Pba.!erieum]
    Pba!ercum] Faleric:um
    Falerc:um G
    GB

    2 Theod. Prob]. t 33..


    -4150..!
    15o.. ! 3 Theod. Prob].
    ProbI. I).
    ) . '4"0..
    -4"0.. I 8 eie.
    Clc. Ad Here .....
    J .,
    -4 . 6. I 9 eie.
    CIC. Ad HereQII.
    Hereun. II
    ,.
    5. 8. I 11 eie.
    Cic. 1>0
    Oe tin.
    (. V 7. J 13 eie.
    Cic. 1>0
    Oe tin.
    Il. V 9~ J
    15 eie.
    Cic. 1>0
    . v
    93. I 24 eie.
    C,c. 1>0
    . III
    '48.
    C'c. 1>0
    Il. V ,.
    Oe lin.
    Oe fin
    -48. t :w eie.
    Oe fiIl.
    5.

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.


    GZM.

    293

    videri
    vderi volurnus.
    volumus, subiunctivis
    subiunctivs semper verbis natura ipsa duce proferenda
    esse undque
    undique patea.t.
    patea.t, et contra, quae certiora
    cer tiora sunt
    aut tal.ia
    talia videri.
    videri,
    opus sit
    indicativis,
    indicativs. Terentianus Clinia
    Cla ex
    Heauton timorumenon
    timorurnenon in
    medium
    rnedium producatur.. Quia enim <incertum>
    <incertum> est
    etiam, quid de se
    I'i faciat.t Et

    paulo pos:
    post:
    .miserum?
    .niserum? quem
    quern minus
    rninus crederem?
    crederern?
    quia
    qua reliqui est.
    est, quin habeat, quae quidem
    quidern esse in
    n hornine
    homine dicuntur
    dieuntur bona ?
    patentes,
    parentes. patriam
    patria.m incolumern,
    incolumem, amicos,
    am.cos. genus,
    genus. eognatos,
    cognatos, divitias.
    Et
    Pamphilus
    Pamphlus apud eundem in
    n Andria:
    prius, quid facerem, si
    reget,
    10.Quod si
    ego rescissem
    rescssem id priU5,
    5 quis
    qui5 me roget.
    aliquid
    aJquid facerem,
    facerem. hoc ut ne facerem. Sed nunc
    nune quid primum exsequOT?
    exsequo? B
    18.
    Tot
    ot me impediunt curae, quae meum animum diversae trahunt:
    amor,
    uno, misericordia
    nisericordia huius, nuptiarum sollicitudo,
    tum
    roe tam
    adhue,
    tun pudor patris, qui me
    un levi
    ievi passus est animo usque adhuc.
    11>
    16 quae meo cumque animo libitum
    lbitum est faeere.
    facere. Et
    ne ego adverser? hei mihi
    ineertum est, quid agam .
    incertum
    Pudet me certe tantam Cagis imperitiam
    imperitam ersequi
    persequi potius.
    potius, quam 9, I
    contemnere. Sed magnus quidem dignitate,
    dgnitate, quem honoris causa non

    nomino, nescio eur


    cur non
    saturatus adhuc
    adhue tot tantisque maIis,
    malis, quae
    qua.e
    20mihi auctore ipso praecipue innecta
    inneeta sunt, hunc
    hune etiam
    etam dicendi honorem,
    honorem.
    si quem consecuti sumus, omni acto
    p3.eto nobis eripere conatur. Nam quam
    primum Romam redii
    ac de iniuriis
    i Cagis eum
    cum eo
    sum questus: Tacendum est tibi, inquit, quoniam quantum egregH
    egregii doctrina viri
    gregarios
    atque indoctos superat, tantum ille
    ll te latine
    latne dicendo .
    praestantior. Et
    ! G 16.
    2Ii nudiustertius eum
    cum ad defensionem meam aliquantulum
    aliquantuJum traductiones
    traduetiones
    Cagis improbassem
    improb:.ssem:: Tace tu, inquit,
    nquit, quoniam
    quonam quanto duo a vigintiquattuor exceduntur, tanto interpretationes Theodori tuas exceclunt.
    excedunt.
    Cumque ipse humiliter propter dignitatem
    dgnitatem eius,
    ut debeo, quomodo
    id sciret,
    seiret, quaesierim: Quoniam,
    oam. inquit, duobus annis iIle
    convertitB 19
    30 problemata, quae tu duobus mensibus pervertisti. Etsi
    ergo contemnendus Cages ut indoctus est, attamen non
    contemnendus, quia tantae
    dignitatis auctoritate potegitur.
    pt'otegitur. Illud mirum est, quad
    quod idem aperta
    utrumque ironte praedicat et
    utru.mque
    ort illum improbum et nullius aestimationis
    hominem esse et
    me, si
    ad eum
    eurn eonferas,
    conferas,
    penitus indoctissimum. Quare
    35 hinc apertum fach
    facit non
    illius nec
    nec: veritatisgratia, sed mei adio
    od vehementius
    perturbar.
    perturbari. Nam nisi
    s maxima perturbatione animi agitaretur, non

    annos iarn
    m decem tot tantique incommoda mihi,
    mih, quibuscumque modis
    6 <:redere",
    :re(\ere", G B
    .... od ..... <4;1.
    <4;1 . I 11
    ex$OQuor)
    ex$O<)uor) exeq"
    exequ .... C B
    exsoq"
    exsoqu .... <4it. I
    12 diveuae
    dive.:t&e G B
    divo ..... e <4it. I 27 q .. attuor
    aUuor G quat'uor
    quat'Uor B

    .. Terent. Heaut.
    Heaut 188.
    88. t 6 Teunt.
    Ter"nt. Heau
    H ... ut.
    . 192-'9-4. I 10 Te r eot.
    <lot. Andri.
    Andria
    a'~6i.
    "'~i

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTlI
    TRPEZNTlI

    potuit, invexisset, quae ornnia


    oma se faeturum
    factunm eoram
    coram mihi ipsi saepius
    dixit.
    dxit. Memini,
    Mernini, me Dius Fidius, excellentiam
    excellentam saepius suam
    suarn mihi
    rnihi dicere,
    anteaquam Romam Cages venit, eum
    eurn aliosque se ad Nico1aum
    Nicolaum ponticonvertant, conducturum,
    condueturum, ut qui putant aliquid
    alquid interpretando
    ficern, ut eonvertant,
    ficem,
    valere, nihil
    nihl se penitus scire
    seire cognoscant.
    r;
    l
    Plura maiomque
    Plum
    maioraque praetermitto,
    praeterrnitto, quorum auctoritas
    auetoritas sua testis est.
    Haee tetigi,
    Haec
    tetig, ut tandem aut finis huiuscemodi
    huiuscemod adversus me animi
    G 17 potentis viri
    r reperiatur, aut saItem,
    saltem, si quid commisi, quare per totam
    me vitam Cl"Ueiari
    crucari oporteat eulpa
    culpa eognita.
    cognita. Nonnihil eerte
    certe mihi ipsi
    videbor solatii
    solati consecutus. Narn
    Nam caIamitates
    calamitates quidem inde maximae ortum 1&
    B
    19Y eepisse
    cepisse mihi semper patuit. Humanitas enim
    enm sua non
    verbis et rebus
    solum ostendit
    ostend.it , sed etiam litteris
    ltteris suis ad me datis confi1"mavit.
    confirmavit.
    Non
    erat ergo eontemnenda
    contemnenda mihi Cagis imperitia, quin etiam maiorem in

    modum tanto timenda, quanto


    quanta sub
    5ub maiore latet patrono. Quamvis
    etiam illud ad scribendum
    scribendurn hortatur, quod video communi
    cornmuni utilitati,lI>
    utilitati,1I1
    eui
    cui semper servio, id opusculum nonnihil
    nonnihl co11aturum.
    collaturum.
    Sed ut ad rem
    rern redeam,
    redearn, sernper
    semper tutrumf, etiam t3.Rf
    tanf particuIa
    particula dubi10, I
    tandi vim habet. Quamvis
    Quarnvis in indicativo in
    quiddam
    quiddarn certius res exit,
    in
    subiunctivo pendet semper et sensus et oratio. Utrum virtus, an
    (
    vitium placet,
    plaeet, non
    placet. Alterum enim horum p1acere
    placere eertum
    certum est,20
    utrum eurrere,
    cuere, an sedere placeat.
    plaeeat.
    Non placet, quoniam
    quoniarn est etiam aliud
    a1iud
    tertium. Hoc praeceptum
    praeeeptum inde quoque apertius fit,
    , quia, si sciendi
    seiendi
    certitudo aut nesciendi ambiguitas
    ambguitas accedit, alterum indicandi, alterum
    subiungendi verbo. Numquam aliter 1atine
    latine dicimus: scio,
    sdo, utrum vis.
    autern, utrum velis, iatine
    latine non
    dicitur. Contra: nescio, utrum velis, 25
    Seio autem,
    Scio
    dicitur. Nescio, utrum vis, non
    dicitur. Similiter non
    ignoro, an
    a fecit.
    feeit.
    Et contra: ignoro, an
    ( fecerit,
    ( fecit,

    feeerit, latine,
    laHne, ignoro autem, an
    feeit, et non
    ignoro, an fecerit,
    feeerit, barbare dicuntur.
    Verum quoniam et exemplis
    exempls et ratione, si tanf particula pro tef
    l
    20 graeca
    graec.a problematum
    problernaturn rationibus anteponitur, omnia everti demonstra- 30
    B
    O 17'
    .,. .
    I

    Ia
    Ja recte pro ea
    tum es t ,quaeret forsan
    OI'San iUlqUlS,
    iLJlqus, quaenam atma
    atlna.
    partieu
    particu
    vel saltem
    saltern sic,
    sie,
    ut rebus non
    derogetur,seribi
    derogetur,scribi possit.
    passit. Nam quam exponendi
    graeca in
    similibus
    smilibus locis
    Ioc! solvend.ique
    solvendique vim habet, satis ex superioribus
    patet. Sed utnm
    utrum latina tvelt
    welt part<ua,
    partiula, qua nos in eisdem utimur
    uhmur
    locis,
    Iocis, vim istam
    !tam habcat,
    habeat, quaerendum adhuc
    adhue esse contendet. ImprimisU
    Imprimis36
    igitur neminem litteraturae
    liUeraturae deditum ignorare arbitramur multas .velt
    particulam, qua de sermo nunc
    nune est, habere potestates. Sed inter alias
    exponendi quoque atque solvendi esse vocem nunc
    nune aperiamus. MaRiMan
    festum est ergo, quoniam post interrogationem
    inteogationem in :respondendo
    respondendo praeponitur, nihil
    nihl eam
    earn aliud
    aHud quam solutionem sequi ostendere. Cur cena olO

    20 vitium
    .... t ; B
    latln"
    Iatln"
    vtium G vlcium B
    I 23 IndiUlldi
    IndUJldi G indic
    indiC&nti
    I 34 latlna
    latna -'p
    -'.
    GB 1 36 ... ultu
    ult.. B
    IDuI_
    uta.n &OfT.
    &. G 1111 potest.ate
    potest.ateo G potostat"",
    potestat"", B

    ADVE1't.SUS
    ADVEl'tSUS THEOPORUM GAZAM.

    supersedisti?
    supersedsti? Vel, quia crudior adhuc eram. Cur quotidie novos auctores
    legis ? Vel, ut plura discam. Cur haec scribis? Vel,
    ut invidos deprimam
    me;; vel,
    psa, quam ignomeos;
    ut multis prosim; vel,
    ut philosopham
    philosophiam ipsam,
    rantes exstinguere conantur, defendam. Quare Cicero ro
    pro Milone causam
    6dixit?
    Iidixit? Vel. quia erat amicus Milo;
    ; vel.
    vel, quia
    qa occidit inimicum. m
    Nullam
    enim
    enm in
    his aliam
    aHam habel"e
    habere virtutem potest, nec copulandi nec
    ne<: distinguendi
    distnguendi
    nec
    ne<: quamcumque aliam excogitaveris. Solvendi ergo.
    ego.
    Sed exemplo etiam Ciceronis hoc ipsum confirmetur. In
    epistola I
    y
    enim ad Lentulum; .Mirum
    tMirum me, inquit, desidel"ium
    desideTium tenet
    teet urbis, in. B
    :ro
    2()Y
    10 credibile meorum atque imprimis
    mprimi.s <tui
    <tu! >, satietas autem provinciae, vel
    quia
    < videmur eam Iamam consecuti,
    ut non
    tam
    tarn accessio quaecenda G 18
    sit, quam fortuna metuenda, vel quia totum negotium non est dignum
    viribus nostris, qui
    q maiora onera in cepublica
    cepubllca sustinece et possim
    passim et
    soleam, vel quia
    <[ belli magni timor
    tmor impendet, quod videmur
    vidernur effugere.
    111 si ad constitutum diem decedemus . Hic Cicero cum desiderium urbis
    atque s uol"um
    uorum mirum in modum brevi
    bcevi oratione,
    ut epistoIa
    epistola licebat,
    sib! tempus
    amplificaverit, satietatemque provinciae ad illud usque sibi
    commissae ostenderit, tres reddit rationes, cur tanta ipsum satietas
    tenebat, quareque tarn
    tenebat.
    m miro urbis atque suorum desiderio afficiebatur.
    20 Disiunctive dicet
    dicel quispiam; non
    ignoro.
    ignoro, quoniam nec.
    nec, quantum singuli
    horum seiant,
    sciant, ignOl"o.
    ignoro. Sed {ieri
    tieri non potest. Nam quae disiunctive
    capiuntur,
    capiuntul", praeter
    pl"aeter unum cetera omnia
    omna falsa sunt. Has vero
    ero rationes
    ro
    pro veris omnes Cicero scribit. Nec copulantur, vel quoniam non
    cedeunt
    redeunt
    in
    n unam.
    unam, sed distmctae
    distinctae inter tres propositiones sufJt
    sunt,, vel quoniam Graeci,
    Graeci.
    2fi unde latina
    eloquentia
    eloquenta derivata est, .e.
    te. artcam,
    particulam, quae in similibus
    simiJibus
    ponitur, numquam copulative accipiunt.
    B
    locis ,
    21
    Verum, ut Cages, quomodo haec examinanda sunt, videat
    ideat ceteri'
    que non
    ignocent,
    ignocent. illud addo aut ignorantem
    ignora.ntem simul ac stultum fuisse
    Ciceonem, aut
    nullam
    nuJla hic fieri
    lied ab eo I"ationum
    rationum disiunctionem, primum
    Cleeronem,
    30
    ao dictu
    dctu insanum esse, verum igitUI"
    gitur alterum. Plul"imum
    Plurimum tibi confidis,
    dicet
    dcet forsitan aliquis,
    alquis, qui
    q demonstrationis argumentatione
    argumefJtatione uteris ea in
    n G 18 Y
    re, quae longe a demonstrandi abest facultate . Scio,
    Seio, quid dico. Longe
    allud meurn
    aliud
    meum iudicium est quam Cagis et atronorum
    patronorum suorum. Quidceterorum
    m omnes enim disiungi locum hunc
    hUc Ciceronis conclamant? Qui
    sic
    35 concJamant,
    conclana.nt, omnes stulti
    stuUi atque ignorantes sunt. Quamobrem, quandocumque facti
    fact! sui aliquis ra.tionem
    rationem reddit, nullum habet locum disiunctio.
    Intellexistine? An
    nondum quidem? Subintelligo.
    5ubintellgo. Sed dic explanatius.
    Disiunctionem, inquam, natura repugnante nequeunt rationes il1ae
    i11ae
    8 hi. G hii.
    hiis B
    I 10 IIatfeta.]
    u.tfetasj sadetu
    saciet.u G B
    I ..."tem su . ..t".
    ../. ant"
    " G B
    I PT.,...
    ,,"
    vittciaa B
    vittcia.
    prov,IItiam
    pTov,"eiam G I 17 sacietatemque
    .a<>ietatemque G B
    I 18 sacieta. G B
    I 20 .;"Kuli
    .inllUli B

    ~lIguJO G
    .guJ
    9 Cle.
    CI". Ep.
    . ad lamil.
    iamil. 11 11, 1.
    I.

    296

    GEORGn
    GEORGIl TRAPEZUNTlI
    TRPEZNl

    suscipere.
    suscipee. quas ad comprobandam rem
    rern a se ipso factam
    lactam aliqui,s adduclt.
    Ideo si quis interrogaret,
    inteogaret, cur
    offCio suo
    sit, :responderetque.
    J"e'!iponderetque.
    CUT officio
    sno functus non
    vel quia valitudo adversa, vel quia maiores reipublicae
    reipublcae curae impedi
    mento fueront,
    fueunt, nisi
    nis' .ven
    tvek particulae soivendi
    solvendi vim attribueris,
    attribues, stulta
    penitus, immo nul1a
    nulla responsio erit, primum, quia in unum multas divii- Ci
    B
    2l"sbn
    21 T sbn dicta.s
    dictas rationes copu1ando
    copulando reducere absurdum
    absurdurn est, et
    ct quando umca
    ratio vel particula praeposita dicitur. Quod saepe invenitur,
    inventur, quia
    tet
    poterit ad copulativam reduci.
    reducl. Id ro
    pro veritate dico. Nam si quis contra
    cODtra
    contendat, sciat se nihil adversus me afferre,
    affee, qui
    qU .velt
    tveIt particulam post
    interrogationes
    nteogationes posuerim. Cui copulandi ius
    , apte profecto accommodari 10
    non
    potest. disiungendi autem
    autern nequaquam, et id est, quo dementia
    dementa
    G 19 multorum detegitut. Videtur enim, qui sic
    sie dicit,
    diclt, nescire
    nescre ipse, cur quicquam faciat aut cur quoquam
    quoq.am afficiatur, quod ab homine non
    expertae
    mentis longe alienum invenitur.
    I
    Miro
    et incredibili
    incredibil urbis atque suorum desiderio
    desde provnciaeque
    provinciaeque 15
    satietate teneri
    tene se Cicero scribit. Addit rationes, quare. Et
    erit
    et a1iquis
    aliquis
    adeo mentis expets,
    ut quod ne puer quidem diceret, id a Cicerone.
    Cicerone,
    inquam, id nedum cogitatum, sed scriptwn
    sctn etiam perpetuae traditum
    memoriae contendat? Ego quidem, quantum hac in re natura possit,
    perieulo didici.
    didiei. Rogatus erum
    penitus homine.
    homine, quo
    duplici periculo
    enm ab indocto
    ndocto pentus
    20
    irem: Aut
    in
    n apostolicum,
    apostolcum, inquam, tabularium - sic
    sie enim nunc
    nune can
    eelleriam
    celleriam nomino
    nomno - aut in
    forum piscatorium, magno ille
    iIle cachino ex
    contemptu primum, deinde manibus ex admiratione collisis: Quid
    Qud tu?
    exclamavitl Nescis, quo
    te pedes ferant?
    fernnt? Sedulo etiam minori filiolae
    meae, quae adhuc
    adhue annos infantiae
    nfantiae vix
    vx exivit
    exiVt sextus enim annus 25
    B
    22hic
    22 hic sibi est - , ad cenam me vocanti, nol1e
    nolle ceRare
    ce.re respondi. Curque ita?
    interrogatus:
    inteogatus: Quia, inquam,
    nquam, aut non
    famesco aut caput doleo. Cumque
    id saepius fecissem: Ergo tu
    ipse, :ridens
    ridens puella subiecit, igno:ras,
    ignoras, eur
    cur
    cenare nolis?
    cena:re
    no1is? MiseJl.lm
    Miserom Cice:ronem,
    Cieeronem, qui,
    , quae natura duce puellae
    seiunt, ea ipse ignoravit I Nescio profeeto,
    sciunt,
    profecto, quid de contra contendentibus 30
    dicendum eogitandumve
    cogitandumve sit.
    sit, qui
    eum
    cum se in
    (in>audito miroque ingenjj
    ingen
    ae scientiarum eumulo
    cumu10 quasi deos circumspici putant, vel
    flumine ac
    puellis hebetiores inveniuntur.

    Ve.rum ut in
    n summarn
    summam :redigamus,
    redigamus, tres
    tes esse praecipue pote5tates
    potestate8
    G 19 tveIt
    welt partieulae
    particu1ae tenendum est: disiunetivam,
    disiunctvarn, quae comrnunissima
    communissima est,35
    copulativam, expositivam sive rationalem,
    :ationalem, quam tunc
    tune maxime solu
    501u
    tivam nuncupare
    nuneupare 1icet,
    licet, quando interrogationi
    nteogatn redditur. Harum altera
    a1tera
    facile comprehenditur, si
    5 nullam :rationis
    rationis vim pl'aecedentbus
    pl'aecedentibus accom
    accommodat, sed solummodo cu.mulum
    cumulum facit. Altera statim
    5tatim se ostendit seque
    ipsam decIaravit,
    decIaraVt, eum
    cum rationem,
    raUonem, qua quae ambigua sunt,
    5unt, certiora
    ~
    redduntur, in. medium eitet.
    citet. Priom
    Prioris hoc Terentianum
    Terentanum exemplo sit:
    1 co"'P'"oba.nd.am
    compt"oba.ndam G compr<>bandum
    compr<>ba.ndum B
    11 qui:o]
    qui ..] qut
    quI G qui B
    1
    26
    2 cen
    cena.n,
    ..... , eenuc
    DUc B

    ~_,
    ;;a.cn&rc
    ~_m, ea.enUc

    G J 33 bebetior ... G ebetl.,...

    ebetl ...... B

    AJ)VERSUS
    THEO>ORUM GAZAM.
    AOVERSUS THEOOORUM

    297

    tNam
    _Nam ista quidem
    qudem contumelia est.
    hominem amicum rec::ipere
    redpere ad te atque eius amicam
    anicam subagitaret.
    vel: .heri in vino quam immodestus fuisti
    fuSto.
    .
    NuUa enirn ratione quasi
    uas ambiguum sive infirmum. quod ante5 cessit, confirmatur. Sed ad contumeliam immodestum etiam in vino B
    22~
    fuisse ostendit.
    ostenmt. et
    el sic
    sie multitudine Pamphilus criminum acrius casti.ga.castiga.tur. Posterioris ex eadem Heauton timorumenon
    timommenon Clitipho
    Cltipho nobis
    nobS exemplum proferat:
    tNulla
    _Nulla est tam
    tarn facilis res, quin diffieilis
    difficilS siet,
    10
    quam tu
    invitus facias. Vel me haec deambulatio,
    quamquam non
    laboriosa,
    laOOri05a, ad 1aborem
    laborem dedit .
    Nih1
    Nihil allud
    a1ud

    accedit, sed praecedens, quoniam ambiguum


    aecedit,
    ambguum esse poterat,
    exemplo sui ipsius
    ut ratione apposita corroboratur. Quod expressius
    erit. si pro vel tnam.
    _nam. particulam posueris. Quid plura, si vel in
    lauh
    autt
    15 commutabis.
    commutabS. lam senties, quam absurda propter disiunctionem,
    disiunetionem, quam
    horrida ipsarum etiam
    etam iudicio aurium omnia
    omna videantur.
    videantur.tMirum
    Mirum me G 20
    desiderium tenet urbis, incredibile
    incredible meorum atque imprimis
    mpmS (tui>.
    (>.
    satietas autem provinciae.t
    provinciae . Cur, aliquis obiieiet?
    obiciet? .Aut quia videmur.
    inquit, magnam famam consecutit,
    consecuti., .aut quia totum negotium non
    est
    20 dignum viribus nostris, aut quia belli magni timor impendet.t
    impeodet . Nemo
    est profecto, qui si, eum
    cum legit, accommodationem verborum ad res
    ipsas considerat. huius orationis inoonstantiam et levitatem
    leVtatem 1Ion
    non videat.
    ideat.
    Est
    & et
    el quarta huius
    buius particulae
    partieulae otestas,
    potestas, qua et poetae
    poHae nonnumquam 1
    el bistorici, quamvis rarius,
    et
    rarios, utuntur.
    utuotur. Vel enim
    enm pro saltem quidam
    m
    26
    2 scripsisse inveniuntur. Phylotas
    Pbylotas pro se eausam
    clusam dicens hac ratione utitur B
    23
    apud Quintum Curtium, virum in
    dicendo
    dieendo longe praestantem, nisi
    fragmentati
    fagmentati mendosique
    rnendosique libri multum
    muItum sibi derogarent.
    derogarent . .cur
    C rem de1atam
    ad te
    : tacuisti
    taeuisti ? Quid tam
    tarn securus audisti?
    audist? Hoc, qualecumque est, (:oneODfesso mihi,
    mih, ubicumque
    ubieumque es, remisisti.
    remSist. Dexteram tuam amplexus, recon30ciliati
    30eiliati pigns
    pignus animi dedisti. Convivio quoque interfui. Si eredidisti
    credidisti
    milii,
    mhi, absolutus sum, si pepercSti
    pepereisti dimissus. Vel iumeium
    iudicium tuum serva
    sera .
    Longiores sumus, quia rcs ita flagitat, eum
    cum et docere et malevolis atque
    invidis
    vids respondere et interpretationes nO!itras,
    nostras, ne
    : potentia nonnul1orum
    nonnullorum
    iniuriaque oprimaDtur,
    oprmantur, defendere ipsaque Aristotelis
    AristotelS problemata
    prob1emata proteUgere
    3igere cogamur.
    18 o.utf!m
    .ot!> .u. oJ.tt
    odt . .. I~
    nt~ G B
    I 19 negotium
    II~Bto> G ""goc;um
    ""gocium B
    I 29 o.mple"us
    ",mpl~"us ...,.
    m.
    /. amplbo
    unPlbO B
    I 30 gnu"
    pignu" animi B]
    ] G IYp.
    l. animi
    anm; pignus J dlOdist;
    dod,sti G BJ
    ] oJ.;l.
    od. ""'. I
    trodidi
    tredisti G I 32 malevolis]
    ",eo] mallvoli.
    a!o G B

    trlOdid~ Beredisti

    1 T

    ..... nt.. Heant. jjllq.1


    jOjllq.1 3 Te.,,"t.
    Terollt. HCIlut.
    Hc.ut j'9.
    jl9. J 9 Teullt.
    eet. Heaut. 8oj-807 I
    Ci(:. Ep.
    . a.d farniI.
    11.
    :. .. d f....ul.
    11, J.
    . I 27 Cut.
    Cnrt. Hist.
    16 Ci<:.
    famil. 1I
    U. !l . I 18 Cic.
    Cie. E:p
    f..mil. II
    Alex.
    Iex. VI
    10, 11
    1I.q.
    "'l..

    298

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII
    TRPEZUNTII

    Nunc, quomodo per ignorantiam intelligendi


    Nune,
    ntelligendi AristoteIis
    Aristotelis viam
    iB statim
    incipiens
    ncipies clausit, attentius oro considerate, qui legitis. Vel, quia excessum
    G 20 defectumve faciunt,
    faeiunt, quod aegrotatio erat, scriptum r eliquit Aristoteles,
    et
    his
    bis paene verbis vetus interpretator
    Interpretator tradwdt.
    tradw:.it. Quibus genus aegrotationis expressisse se,
    ut statim
    sta.tim in
    n sequenti problema te totam absolvat :;
    definitionem, philosopbus
    philosophus aperte significa.vit.
    significavit. Solet enim, quod omnes
    sciunt, qui vel
    parum ei
    familiares,
    familares , ut sic
    sie dixerim, sunt,
    5unt, hoc dicendi
    dicencli
    modo
    od uti,
    uH, quando definitionem rimatur. Ideo eUam
    hic,
    hi;, quod aegrotatIo
    aegrotatio
    B
    23 Y erat, inquit. Primum ergo admonuit, quod a genere solutio data est;
    deinde, quod
    quod. genus morbi excessus aut defectus est. Nam eum
    cum sanitas 10
    mediocritas sit,
    S, recte
    reete alterutrum extremorum morbi genus esse dicitur.
    d.
    Genere igitur expresso ceterns
    ceteas quoque definitionis partes statim in

    secundo problemate scrutatur. Quattuor enim ordine ponit: excessum


    qualitatum sub appellatione vini
    et aquae, excessum saporum cuiusque
    humoris
    hums sub appellatione falsi,
    lalsi, excessum
    eJtcessurn repJetionis
    repletionS aut inanitionis sub
    sub1II
    15
    appellatione cibi et famis. Ut ta1em
    talern hinc
    hine aegrotationis definitionem
    colli,gemus, aegrotatio est excessus aut
    defectus pimarum
    primarum qualitatum
    qualtatum
    aut saporis
    saporS euiusque
    cuiusque humoris in
    corpore
    corpoe aut
    repletionis
    epletionis aut exinanitionis.
    exinanitionS.
    Sed haec marginalibus
    maginalbus scholiis
    scloliS dicta nobis
    nohis latius
    latus $unt.
    sunt.

    Cages autem
    autern iJlam Aristotelis
    ArStotels cIausuIam,
    cIausulam, quae aegrotatio erat,
    eat, quae 20
    nos admonet, quod
    od detinitio
    detntio morbi
    mobi ms
    primis duobus poblematibus
    problematibus edita

    est, sic
    sie interpretatus est: tQua
    quidem re morbum
    mobum consistere certum
    G 21 est.. His
    HS verbis nemo sane ad investigandam
    investgandam hic
    hie morbi definitionem
    monetur.
    monetu. Ita enim omnia confundit, ut Aristoteles
    Aistoteles hebetis
    hebetS fuisse ingenii
    videatur.
    videatu. Sua certepotius quam Aristotelis
    AristotelS tradit, idque praedicare prae 25
    magnitudine impudentiae non
    on veretur.
    veetur. Sic
    Sie enim in ea.lce
    calce paefationS
    praefationis
    B
    24 praescribit: tVeru
    tVeu m, quoniam raUones
    ationes iUas
    illas Aristotelis cornpressas,
    compessas, argutas parum moderari
    modeB excolique
    excolque patientes nos
    os conspectius.
    conspectius, ut arbitror, ad
    latinas
    Iatinas aures explicavimus. Et paulo ost:
    post: tEt nisi pleraque interpres
    nterpres
    emendet, in
    n vanum mea
    m .sententia
    sententia laboraverit
    Iaboraverit . Tu,
    , tu Cages audes30
    compressas
    compessas argutasque Aristotelis
    ArStotelis rationes excolere atque interpretando
    explicare, id est dilucidius
    explicare.
    d.Iucid.us atque latius
    Iatius exponere. 0 amentem
    amentem. furidSbmfuridS'tm
    hominem 1
    te animo te'Hnt
    que
    Non te solum, sed multo magis, qui
    ~te'Hnt
    aequo perlegee
    perlegere I 0 inflatos sua opinione homines, qui
    Atistotelis
    AtStotels philosophiam pate
    parte posse perdee
    perdere opinati
    sunt! Fidus interpres,
    Interpres. quae Ari- S5
    S
    stoteles dilucide scripsit,
    scs t, ea dilucide,
    dilucide. quae ambigue aut
    obscure,
    obscure. ea
    similiter
    similite traducit. Sic
    Sie enim
    pro ingenio
    quisque suo singula examiuabit.
    examinabit.
    Si vero nonnulla obscura liquide
    lquide tibi patee
    patere putas aut ambigua
    ambgua tibi
    11,

    3 d"'ectum"eJ
    defedumvej defectumine G defcctum on e B
    I 6: 8;
    8: 12: 16 ; 21;
    21: 23 definitionem
    definitionen>
    .,. .....
    ..... m
    ;1; ..
    ..]] diffin;tionem
    diffinitionem G B
    I 13 quattuor G quatuor B
    I 14 vini] vim G B
    I
    24 Aristoteles]
    Aristotelos] AristoteIia
    Aristotelia B
    I 32 dilucldiua}
    dilucldiua] diUuc>dins
    diUuC>dns G B
    I 36 dUucidel
    dJllcide} dUluclde
    dJInclde G B

    13 cf. Ari at. Probl.


    Prob' . '
    ... 2. 859a. 6.
    f ~u ~
    f ).,,,,0;;.
    fj
    ).'''0;;.

    1mI~Jl.o),o;'~ y.q,!&ovwo.
    .m~o),o;'~
    . wo,

    22 Theod. Prnbl.
    ...
    15".
    Prob!. I I.
    -fIS'"

    ofvou
    o(vou fj
    f MotTO<;
    &to.; fj
    f
    7 Tbeod. !'Tobl.
    PobI. Praet.
    Z7

    D.".,..

    ",'

    299

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.


    GZM.

    <:ertiora esse ducis, in


    <:erliora
    n marginibus,
    marginbus, sieuti
    sicut nos fa.cere
    facere oonsuevimus,
    oonsuevmus, quae
    qua.e
    sentis,
    sentS, scribe nec tua eum
    cum alienis commisce.
    commsce. Ita
    Ha enim
    enm et Aristoteles
    integer
    nteger erit, et sententia tua non
    erit ignota. Nunc
    Nune quid facis ? Derogas
    Deroga.s
    Aristote1i.
    Aristote1. Multa de suis
    sus quasi maledicta.
    maledicta tollis.
    oIlS. Mu1ta
    Multa addis. Multa G 21
    219
    11 commutas. Et quae non
    intelligis, quasi mendosa sint, emendas. Quae
    non
    pauca sunt. Sic
    Sie enim
    enim. ais: .t Et nisi
    s pleraque interpres emendet,
    in
    .in vanum mea
    rnea sententia
    sententa laboraverit . Pleraque tu mendosa emendasti? B.24
    .24
    Minime.
    Mnime. Sed multis emendatis
    emendatS mendam commisisti.
    commisSti.
    Quod ita esse si
    5 videre gliscitis,
    gl.scitis, quarturn
    quartn statim, quartum inquam,
    nquam, 12,
    12. I
    10 problema, quaeso, legite omnes, qui
    veritatis
    veritatS et philosophiae studiosi
    estis atque amici. Legite prisc.am
    priscam traductionem,
    traduetionem, quae
    ut verbis barbara,
    ita sensu integerrima est. Quartum sic
    sie nos
    os interpretati
    nterpretati sum.us:
    sumus: tQuare
    immutationibus temporum
    uti oportet
    opartet vomitu? Vel, ne eonturbatio
    contwbatio
    fiat . Superuitates
    Superfluitates enim propter mutationes diversae gignuntur. Hunc
    Hune
    15sensum sincerissime,
    sncerissime , quamvis alienioribus
    alienionbus verbis, id est minus latinis,
    vetus quoque .interpretatio
    interpretatio reddit. Sic
    Sie Aristoteles scripsit. Sic
    Sie ratio
    postulat. Variae namque, ait, in
    st omacho
    omaeho diversaeque immutationibus temporum superfluitates
    superfJUtates redundant. Unde sequitur vomitu
    m esse
    utendum. Sed Cagem quoque audiamus. ,.cur,
    tCur, inquit, vomitus, eum
    cum tem2Opora
    20 pora immutantur, citariminime
    citar minime debeant
    debeant?? <An)
    <) ne contwbatio
    conturbatio redundet,
    eurn
    cn varia excrementa materiae
    matetiae inutilis
    inuti1is ex mutandi ratione proveniant.
    Unde fit,
    ut dhum
    cibum etlam
    etia.m alii parum eonooquant,
    conooquant, a1ii
    ali parum cupiant
    cuplant .
    Videtis,
    Videts, videtis,
    VdetS, quam aperte fadt,
    facit, quod. se factUnim
    factu:um et quidem.
    in
    n plerisque praefatus est. Videtis, quam aperte Aristoteli contradicit.
    25 Philosophus,
    Phlosophus, quia
    qUa variae propter mutationem
    rnutationem temporum in
    stomacho
    superuitates
    superfluitates redundant, vomitu utendum censet. Cages negat. Ut.rumB26
    UtrumB26
    hoc est emendare, 0 optime omnium tu, patronis solummodo tuis ex- G 22
    ceptis, an mendosum falsumque omnino et legentibus, credentibus
    facientibusque pernitosum
    pernitiosum efficere?
    effcere? Sed cw
    cur tot tantaque brevissimo
    30 addid.isti
    addidisti problemat
    problemati?
    j ? Nam etsi similiter in
    aliis
    alis quoque multis fa.ctitatum
    n hoc tibi est, a prolixitate tamen
    tarnen problematum aaddtiones
    dditiones tuas
    posse tegi forte putasti. Hic vero
    veo quomodo non
    fuisti veritus,
    ventus, ne breVtas
    brevitas
    problematis multa esse abs te addita patefaceret? Vel videlicet,
    idelicet, quia
    id te in
    plerisque facturum
    fa.cturum pn.efando
    praefando statim iactasti.
    actasti. Videte, videte
    Vdete
    35 omnes veritatis
    veritats amici, quid inflati
    infJati superbia homines, quid elata supercilia, quid erectae cervices,
    cerices, quid tumentia colla, quid circumspicientes
    cireumspicientes
    oculi,
    oc, quid denique faciunt, qui se deos esse credunt. quique ferre
    nequeunt, quod a ceteris quasi dli
    dU non coluntur, si multa addere, mu1ta
    multa
    9

    2 ttlla]
    ....] tu
    t .. & ...
    ... G B

    13 VODtu
    G VOllliti
    vmt B

    I 20

    (("
    An >
    > fot!.
    ,;.

    ";t.
    uit.

    6 Theod. Pmbl..
    Pmb!. Praef.
    Praet. I 12 Geo'g.
    Geo.g. Trap. Probl.
    Prob!. cf.
    ". Ari.t.
    A,i.t. ProbJ.
    Probl. ' 4 3)~ .

    25-"-"17. 4.
    ' - ih _.~ c-<{I'o).(Jt.t.;
    ~~).(Jt.t.; ....... ~.. ilp.hl>u;
    .k>u; oU ,..
    . XI'~.;
    XI'~8a.; iI f....
    .... !Ai)
    IAi) yt.-qr,n
    yt<t,
    o:rwt.o.; &:.6
    .." ""p
    : ......... 4-.
    -\ l'ftfIoM<;.
    -nfIoM<;. I 19 Theod.
    o:N"ITItp.to.:;
    &:t~paw "'...,-
    yt...,~......
    ~ a.a "Ti(
    Probl. I 4. 41'" b.

    -n

    300

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII
    TRPEZNTII

    subtrahere, multa mutare'


    mutare- in his libris
    libs impudenter audent, qui iam
    quantum ad reIn
    rem integre fideliterque traducti
    mdueti fuerunt
    fueront . Unde 1evitas,
    1etas,
    perfidia. ignorantia
    pedidia.
    jgnorantia sua prostitui potest. Quid putatis eos aut fecisse
    aut facturos in libris. qui nondum
    apud Latinos habentur? Cur autem
    autern
    ambigue cuncta quasi dubia rotist?
    protulisti? An quia dubia smt, quae sensu Ii
    B
    26 patent? An
    quia certioribus rebus dubitabiles soleat Aristoteles rationes
    ratioes
    aflene
    afferre?? Turbationem vero
    quo pacto redundare putas? Haec est excultio, qua latinum,
    latnun, tu Cages, sermonem decorasti?
    13,
    111, I
    Sed iam
    iarn brevius nonnuIIa
    nonnulla perstringamus.
    Non ordine,- ne<; enim
    integrum
    mtegrum Cagis volumen habere potuimus - sed carptim hinc
    hine mde
    inde 10
    G 22 nonnullos quinterniones e:xtorsimus, qui diutiru:;
    diutius apud ROS
    os morari
    mra
    nequeunt. Nam sicuti vespertiliones.
    vespertliones. bubones ceteraque huiusmod.i
    huiusmodi monstra lucem oderunt, noctem amant, sie
    sic interpretationes Theodori nos
    quasi lucem fugientes in
    n tenebris se condiderunt.

    Quartum decimum prma.e


    primae pa.rticula.e
    particulae problema.
    problema est, qua.mob.rem
    quamob.rem 15

    aquarum magis quam ciborum


    dborum mutatio
    mutato morbos indudt.
    inducit. Cages, quasi
    studio velletAristotelis
    velletAristotels philosophiam depravare,
    depn.vare, quod si umquam cogitavit
    tait patronorum consilio
    co suorum hebeti
    hebet subiectum homini dicere, contrariwn edidit.
    edidit. .cur,
    tCur, inquit, ciborum
    dborum mutatio magis quam aquae gravis
    grais
    occurratur?,
    occ::atur?, Nec ratione saltem admonitus est magis aquarum quam20
    ciborum mutationem efficere. Acturum enim subiicitur,
    subiidtur, quia
    qua pIurimum
    plurimum
    aqua utimur.
    14.
    14-.
    Sed Cagem nunc primum in
    n sexto decimo eiusdem particulae
    audiatis
    audiatis.. .cur,
    tCur, inquit, mutatione.,I
    mutatione.'1 aqu3rum
    aqIarIm fadant,
    faciant, ut qui nullos
    nuUos pediB
    26 cuIos
    culos habent, multos iam habere ipcipiant?'
    ,ciant?' 0
    incautwn hominem atque 25
    2
    omnino amentem I Quomodo, si nuJlos
    nuUos habent, plures producant? An

    eum
    cum propria compIexione
    complexione aliqui
    a1iqui hommum
    hominum vel aliqua potius animalia ~
    Universaliter enim nos
    os hoc probIema
    , a procreandis
    problema dici putamus: An,
    pedunculis aliena
    a1iena sint, soIa
    sola mutation-e aquarum otuerint
    potuerint producere?
    Minirne, minime, inquam. Audite Aristotelcm et
    Minime,
    ct intcgerrimam
    integemam sensu 30
    traductionem primam legite, et rerum collatione partim Cagis ingenium,
    G 23 partim patronorum suorum consilium
    conslium cognoscetis. tQuare, inquit, mutationes aquarum pediculos in
    tioncs
    habentibus multiplicant?'
    multiplicant ?t Quia
    :!' prudenter
    summi vir ingen
    i AristotcJes
    ,in habentibus, inquit.
    Aristotcles rem protulit, .in
    Nam si nihil
    nihl earum habent, vix
    poterit
    potcrit tantum efficere aquarum muta- 35
    Ho,
    , ut huiusmodi vermes
    verrncs in cis muJtipIicentur.
    multiplicentur. Sin a1iquos habent,
    18 lIebeti
    hebeti Gebet;
    G ebeti B
    I 19 magi.
    mag;. G B
    min"
    min .. s .dit.
    dil. I 20 occurrat"r
    occ .. rratllr G B
    oec
    o:c
    .......
    .....t
    .dit. I 28 oc
    boe probIem&
    problem .. G problem. hoe
    _j An
    .dil.
    ; B
    I An
    .]
    Go
    G .... _ B
    om . ! 29 potu ....
    ri
    r ..
    .. t ,mp$l
    $ potu""It
    potuedt G B

    15 Ariot
    . .. ProbI.
    $<). o.i d !liU""
    .i..,.. '1i 'tOu CSk'fO(
    k'fO( f)
    f i)
    '.. ...
    .....n...\1
    ...!
    Prob!. 11' . 860b,
    86Gb, 34 $<).404
    i)~;;;,.,
    "cw.pol.i)
    cw.). ...,"':'OI')\;;
    '!';; I 19 Theod.
    heod. Prob!.
    .... . I '4. 416&.
    416 ... I 24 d.
    cf. Theod.
    heod. hbI.
    hb!. I .6.
    416b. (tuI
    (td... ",,_
    .,.,_ ;""",,,,<11.
    ;"/JU",,t. <;1.) I 32 Ari s t. Probl.
    Prob!. ",' .6. 86 0 "I'
    ". Alli
    .: d i!
    "
    ~.:>v
    6."",
    c-no;!lo).i) 'tO
    fxou. &c,po:
    .. ~ *xe.v;
    fxe.v;
    oJ46:
    ....v 1'H"1l<.i)
    'tOr~ *x-'
    .-&c'PO:~ ,..,...

    ADVERSUS THEOJ)ORUM
    THEOOORUM GAUM.
    GAZM.

    301

    quoniam hinc aptitudo


    apttudo compIexionis
    complexionis suae natos ad hoc esse ostendit.
    mutationis
    mutationS aquarum multiplicabit
    muItiplcabit accessio.
    In
    primo autem seeWldae
    secdae particulae,
    partieulae, quae de sudoribus iru;.cribitur.
    inscribitur, 15, 1
    problemate, quod Aristoteles oco
    unico verbo expressit, id novus iste Aristo5teles, immo autem
    autern phreneticus-videte,
    phrenetieus-videte, quarn vehementer insanitin longe alium mirabili figrnento sensum rapuit.
    rapuit . tSicut
    Sieut aqua clepsydra.e.
    clepsydae.
    inquit, quando pIenam
    alqus altera
    a1tera. ex
    parte obstruxit.c
    obstruxt .c Sie
    Sc phlosophus.
    plenam aliquis
    philosophus.
    tQuo acto,
    pacto, ut in
    n aqua fit
    ft vuis,
    vasis, inquit,
    no, quod in
    n mare B
    26"
    Cages autem: .Qua
    demissum
    demissurn duk:em intra
    intra. se coUigit humorem, clepsydraque ob id nomi~
    10
    lO natum est? Nequit enim efflnere, eum
    cum quis
    os pleno iam
    am vase partem
    partern
    a1teram obturavit
    obturaVt . Tacebo etiam
    eti.a.m hic?
    hC exclamabo?
    alteram
    hie?
    Non etiam hie
    exelamabo?
    Non
    admirabor tum
    turn tardita.tem
    tarditatem et temerit30tem
    temeritatem Cagis, tum
    turn obtusa
    obtus3o laud3o~
    lauda~
    torum suorum ingenia?
    ngenia? 0
    iniquitatem inauditam
    nauditam I 0
    perfidiam singu~
    lareml Oppugnatur philosophUS, perit
    perlt scientia, obruitur, quantum in

    15 istis
    stis est, veritas, et ego non
    dedignabor?
    dedgnabor? Praesertim cum hoc istae
    stae
    pecudes bel1um
    bellum veritati ad opprimendum
    opprmendum me
    m indixerint! Sed quid
    dedignatio proderit? Veritati potius
    pro virili assistamus parte, nec G 23"
    parricidis, quantum fieri potest,
    potest. cedamus. Admoneamus hoc opuscuIo
    opusculo
    nonnullos, qui gladium in parentem phi!osophiam strinxerunt, et
    esse nonnul1os.
    20 ita
    it30 studiosos eius
    !> omnes in defensionem instruxerimus.
    instruxermus.
    Clepsydra dicitur vas duorum foraminum, quorum alterum minus I
    C1epsydra
    et in fundo est.
    est, alterum maiusculum
    mausculum et ex opposito in extremis fistulae
    longioris.
    longors. Ex
    hoc vase pleno, quamvis
    oms aperto patentique fundi foramine,
    loramine,
    aqua tamen
    defluit, si quis
    os os, quod
    od fora.men
    tarnen non
    foramen maiusculum esse
    Udiximus,
    2dixmus. obstruxit. Retinetur vero aqua, quia subintrare ad implendurn
    implendun
    locum, unde ipsa exiret, spiritu.s
    spiritus nequit. Simile quid in
    solutione huius
    hUus
    problematis fieri
    probIematis
    { Aristote1es
    Arstote1es ait. Cages
    Gages vero.
    vero, nescio cur somnia fingit.
    fingit, B
    27
    vas esse ait
    clepsydra.m,
    c1epsydram, quo ex mari dulcis humor seligitur.
    selgitur. Sit sane.
    Nec enim prohibendus est quisquam sententiam
    sententam suam, etiamsi vana
    a
    80 !>
    penitus atque inania fundit,
    . in medium afferre. Sed Aristoteli sensum
    suum attribuere traducendoque
    tradueendoque omnia,
    omma, quae somnias, quasi Aristotelea
    ArStotelea
    sint, interpretationibu.s
    interpretationibus immiscere, id vero pedidia
    perfidia est incred1bilis
    incredbilis nec
    ullo pacto
    u1l0
    paeto tolleranda. Id veritatis eversio, id inusitata calumnia est,
    id phlosophiae
    philosophiae pernicies,
    pernieies, qua patroni Cagis sicut
    sieut plagiosippi nimium
    36
    3 exultant.
    Sed Cagem
    Gagem latinae
    latnae parentem linguae, qua.m latine scribat, non
    in 16, I
    singulis tantum verbis, quae hinc illuc transferri possunt,
    passunt, in quibus G 24
    sic errat,
    emt. ut nibil
    nihl proprie reddat, verurn.
    verum etiam in
    compositione a prin~
    sie
    cipio
    io ipso vigesimi secundae
    seeundae particu1ae
    partieuiae problematis considerare (oplrtet).
    <optet).
    5 phteeti(;".]
    phreneti(;". ] fre:aatic".
    fre:aatc". G B

    18 parric:idis] paricidis G B

    6 A
    riat. Probl.
    Probt. B
    I . 866 b, 11 $11 . 4amp
    Am 'rlI1l&.p
    6ap ..-
    ~ h .,,"'"
    xM~. /kav
    !ko.
    .u.~pl( ~ ,,, )6",""
    H"n 'N;.
    ';. I 6 The
    o d. Prob1.
    <419& (;"11&
    odilpll(
    Theod.
    Prob!. 11
    II .
    '. <4"9&
    (ir<ac .....41# al.J.

    GEORGlI TRAPEZUNTII

    tQuare, inquit, qui


    laborant, sudare, ubi cessavere, incipiunt?
    .Quare,
    ineipiunt?
    Non
    dico,
    dco, quia tubit particula non
    rhetorum neque phlosophorum
    philosophorum est,
    sed p<>tarum.
    p<>etarum. In
    hac
    hae sWtificatione
    sificatione atque historicorum minuta enim
    haec per.;equi non
    est nostrum, quippe qui maiora etiam negligamus
    praeter pauca, quae sufficiant, ut amentia patronorum Cagis et furor
    uo 6
    percipi queat.
    gi minuta
    mnuta haec,
    singu1is
    verbS perNon igitur
    hae<:, quae in
    singulis verbis
    B
    27" spiciuntur, sed compositionem universarn et sensum eius considero.
    consdero.
    Quae quidem compositio non
    examinatis grammaticorum regulis, sed
    ex ingenio,
    ngenio, mente rationeque,
    ationeque, qua homines sumus, prof1uit.
    prouit. tQU8Te,
    inquit,
    , qui
    laborant, ubi cessavere.t Laborare praesents
    praesentis est temporis,
    tempois, 10
    actus. Quomodo
    o Cages. Cessavere
    Cessa,vere praeteriti et quidem perfecti
    perfeeti omnmo
    igitur, qui
    laborant, cessavere?
    Non est lsta
    ista latini
    latmi serm.onis
    sermonis oompositio.
    Nam in hoc:: sensu, quem philosophus volt
    ult exprimere, labor tempore
    pra.ecedit, cessatio sequitur. Tu
    praecedit,
    Cages cessationem in pr.eterito
    praeterito et
    quidem actus iam perfecti laborem in praesenti tempore posuist,
    posuisti, atque 16
    11;
    ita nec latine loqueris et omnia pervertis. Nostra quoque audi et animo,
    quantum maxime poles,
    potes, verte quam breiter,
    breviter, quanl
    uan commode, quam
    latine,
    btine, quam aperte res ante oculos ponitur:
    plnitur: tQuamobrem, qui a labore
    G24~cessaverunt, sudantur?t Credo iure nos videri
    ideri posse veI
    vel ex hoc
    uno
    sumpsisse laborem. Nemo enirn
    enim est, qui
    non videat, quam oornmodius 20
    a nobis quam a priscis traductoribus dictum
    dctum sit. Quibus tamen

    tarnen non
    negamus Latinos multum debere. Nan
    Nam etsi 1atinitate
    latinitate ab eis doctores
    facti non
    sunt, rebus tamen
    tarnen doctissimi effecti sunt. Sed de veteribus
    eteribus
    inteJpretibus
    inteJretibus loco suo plura. Cages vero et patroni eius eJII: aliorum
    vituperatione laudem quaerentes non intelligunt
    inteJJigunt in peiora se per amenarnen- 2Ii
    tiarn decidisse. Illi solum in latinitate
    1atintate verborumque potestate. isti
    ist
    B
    28 etiam et multo magis
    mags in rebus ipsis aberrant.

    Sed videte
    idete imperitiam.
    dt: quare laborantes, posteaquam
    Non dbtit:
    cessaverunt. Participialis enim vox
    eum
    cum apud Graecos turn
    mmme
    maxime
    apud Latinos, quoniam in activa voce nullwn
    n praeteriti temporis parti~ 30
    cipium habent, praeteriturn quoque actum cornplectitur.
    cornplectJtur. Verum
    Verun ut,
    quanta prudentia quantaque sint eruditione,
    eruditone, qui eurn adrnirantur,
    ostenderet, tqui
    laborant. praesent
    praesenti solwn
    soIn a.ccornmodans
    accornmodans tempori dixit.
    Deinde quasi pol!ta quidam
    idan aut historicus,
    historieus, tubi cessaveret, adiecit.
    Certe natura praeteritum praesenti anteposuit.
    a.nteposuit. Isti natura.e
    naturae quoque 3
    ~
    ipsius dornini, 0 quam vere I Deos enim se, non
    homines esse putant.
    Praeteritum Te
    re ipsa
    sa praesenti contra naturam
    naturan rerUJn
    reru anteponere conantur. Nec solem ipsum verentur, eui
    cui feruntur quotidie, quasi deus sit
    G 26
    2 et anima mundi,
    mund., ut aiunt,
    aunt, preces fundere, quas e10quentissime
    eloquentissime Gem.istus
    Gemistus
    quidam, omnium
    quidarn,
    onni hominum impiissimus
    impissimus cornposuit,
    cornpoSU, qui librum etiam.o
    etiarn
    21 traductoribul]
    traductoibuI] B
    tuU
    ul4.
    . _ , . 10000ge
    loge quam Ce.gee
    C.g. doct .... ibul
    ibuI
    1 Thood. Ptohl. 112o
    Xl 20.....
    <l20
    20 .. (,-,"_.u
    (,-,"_.. eU.).

    ADVI;1:RSUS THF:ODORUM:
    ADVERSUS
    THEODORUM: GAZAM.

    adversus Christum Dominum


    Domnum nostrum reliquisse
    relquisse fertur. Cuius auditores
    - nemo est Graecus, qui Christianus esse arbitretur - profecto si cursum solis,
    sols, quem ut creatorem suum colunt, respicerent, nullo ossent
    possent
    credere modo
    mod praesentia praeteritis posse anteponi.
    Ptncipium quoque vi&esimi
    ~esrni sexti
    se.xti secundae pa:rticu1ae
    17, I]
    ISs
    Ptindpium
    patticulae problematis.
    problematis.I7,
    quaeso. a.spicite.
    a.spicite. .cur,
    tCur, inquit
    nquit Cages, conturbati pedibus sudamus, non
    B
    28"
    facie ?c
    fade
    ?t Conturbatio sane generalius quiddam est quam agonia
    agona graece.
    Haec enim
    enm una conturbationis
    conturbatonis species ultma
    ultima est et trepidatio latine
    latne
    dicitur, quod et nomen graecum ostendit.
    ostendit, Agone namque, id est certa10mine
    10n: futuro, animus
    anmus certaturi non pa.rum commovetur. Et
    Aristoteles
    particula undecima, quae de pertnentibus
    pertinentibus ad vocem est, apertius
    ostendit dicens in LXII. probIemate
    problemate artifices, o:ratores
    oratores videlicet
    videlcet artifieio utentes, popter
    ficio
    propter trepidationem
    trepidatooem aUocutionis
    allocutionis voce, hoc est submissa,
    in
    principio
    prineipio dicere
    dcere solere, donec agonia et trepidatio lenita {uerit. Est
    lISenim
    senm trepidatio
    trepidato fidentis animi propter difficultatem instantis certaminis timor quidem et perturbatio. 0
    doctum hominem, deus bone r
    o doctum hominem veteque dignum, qui ab hominibus magnae dignitatis praefe:ratur,
    praeferatur, laudetur, colaturl
    colat url tCur conturbati pedbus,
    pedibus, inquit.
    sudamus
    sudanus?
    1. Hoc simi1e
    simile esi,
    est, si quis quaereret : cur
    CUT animalia visibilia suot?
    sunt? G
    0 26"20 Cur substantia sensum habet? Cur qualitas figurata est? Sudant, 0
    vir prudentissime tu,
    , pedes qui timent? Sudant,
    Sud.ant, qui ira.scuntur?
    Sudant, qui pudore afficiuntur?
    affciuntur?
    Sudant, qui maerore anguntur?
    anguntur 1
    Sudant, qui prae laetitia gestIunt?
    gestiunt 1 Nequaquam. At
    hi omnes morbi
    animorum conturbationesque sunt.
    .
    26
    Quid facis,
    faels, 0 Cages? Cur generi accidere dicis
    dieis , quod specIei
    speciei accidit I
    uni? Cur hoc tantoignorantiae dedecus laudatoribusinuris tuis? Nonsunt B
    ?
    29
    hene
    bene de te meriU,
    merit, falsa de te praedicantes?
    Non videntur plurimi te
    :
    facere, si quibus tu invides, eos illi omni
    fa.cere,
    m studio persequuntur? Certe.
    Sed quia ignorantiores
    gnorantiores te sunt, ideo, quicquid
    quiequid edideris,
    ediderS, admirantur,
    3Ocolunt, in caelos efferunt,
    efferent, ceterisque, nisi
    S sua susceptis tuis
    S crement,
    c:rement,
    mortem mirUtantur.
    minitantur. Sed nos non
    cremabimus nostra, etia.msioccumbe:re
    etiamsioccumbere
    necesse fuerit, immo curabimus, qualiacumque sint, postetati
    posteritati omnia
    omna
    mandate. Nec, inquam, mortem, sed iustitiam horrescimus.
    manda:re.
    hoescimus. Prima.m
    potentes inferre possunt; in alteram ne incidamus, in
    nobis est. Sedu10
    Sedulo
    3li igitur
    gitur faciemus,
    faciernus,
    ut non ceteri solum,
    solurn, verum etiam, qui nos inique
    persequuntur, quique a nobis multa didicerunt, plura in dies etiam
    perdiscant. Quodsi pergent ingrati esse, adeo ut arietinas,
    a:retnas, sieut
    sCut insuevensueve
    runt, gratias referant, suum id erimen,
    crimen, non
    nostrum erit.
    28 .
    pe. ' "quuntu r G en
    pen :: :ntuT
    ;u"tur B
    I 30 .uoeopti.
    suoeoptis tuio G tui.
    tul. tlIo<:epti$
    u:ep$ B
    I 33 lustitiam
    tam G iustam
    a", B
    I 36 pl'H'luU1Itur
    pI'll&e'lUUlItuT G P'O,,,,ecuntur
    po,,,.ecuntur B

    8 cf. Theod . Prob!.


    Pro. 11
    U )1. 4aoh (/I>hQ
    (/Wo n.).
    N.).

    12 cl.
    . Arist.
    Arist.. Prob!.
    Pro. ,,
    , Go' 6'.9064'. 9"64-

    GEORGIl TRAPEZUNTIl
    GEORGII
    TRPEZNTII

    Non est igitur,


    gitur, ut unde exivimus,
    eJvimus, redeamus, quod parti
    pard ab Aristotele
    Astotele
    G 26 attribuitur,
    attribUtur, generi ac<:ommodandum, etiam.si
    etiamsi accommodari possit. Interpreti enim fido non
    sua, etiamsi
    etamsi bona sunt, sed quae traducendus
    auctor graece scripsit, ea in latinam
    latnam sunt linguam referenda. Hic
    Hie autem
    sudor accidere pedibus non
    conturbatorum nec perturbatorum in genere, 6
    B
    29 id enim falsum est, sed solumrnodo
    solnmodo trepidantiwn
    trepidantn solet. Ideo ratio
    quaeritur,
    quaetur, quamobrem in
    trepidatione,
    trepdatione, quae agonia graece dicitur,
    dcitur,
    pedes sudamus. Sint haec.
    baee.
    18,1
    Numerorum autem
    autern vim
    vin non
    abditam atque reconditam, sed ipsam,
    quae ad cornmuniorem
    communorem pertinet usum, videamus, quam optime
    optme teneat.lO
    teneat 10
    aeutus iste Aristotelis interpretator. Tertium
    acutus
    Tertiurn est XV. particulae,
    partieulae, quae
    de pertinentbus
    pertinentibus ad res mathematicas inscribitur
    nscribitur problema huiusmodi.
    huiusmodi.
    'Uamobrem
    Quamobrern omoes
    omnes homines
    homnes tam
    tarn graeci quam barbari ad decem usque,
    non
    no ad alium
    aliurn Dumerum
    Dumerum. numerant? Quaerite, obsecro, id in traductionitraduction
    bus Cagis.
    Ca.gis. Sustinete parum, quaeso, laboris. Facitote, ne pericax
    pervicax 1Ii
    111
    patronorum suorum malitia veritati teneb:ras
    tenebras infundat. Nam oe
    ne facile
    ac1E!
    inveniri, quae Cages
    inveniri.
    Ca.ges scripsit, conferrique
    confeique eum
    cum veteribus possit, omnia
    consilio eorum eonfundit,
    confundit, tam
    tarn problemata quam particulas
    partieulas quoque
    ipsas. Statim
    Statm enim incipiens primae partCulae,
    particulae, quoniam ad medicinam
    pertoet,
    pertinet, illam de cicatricibus longe ab ipsa di.siunctam
    disiunetam ab Aristotele20
    Astotele20
    connectit Cages. Ita rebus omnibus
    omnbus suum,
    sun, nO
    quem philosophus
    voluit, ordinem dedit. Quodsi qui ordinasse Cagem, quae absque ordine
    G 28 Aristoteles effudit, recteque id factum obeiant,
    obicant, respondebimus
    respondebmus pluris
    lied
    ab omnibus, qui recte sapiunt, Aristotelicam, ut ipsi dicunt,
    dieunt,
    inordinationem quam exquisitam Cagis. Praeterea
    Paeterea eur
    cur non
    no reliquit Cages 2IS
    B
    30 omnibus,
    omnbus, qui vellent,
    ellent, exeogitandi
    excogitandi scribendique lacultatem de ordine
    aut inordinatione Aristotelica, sed iudicio
    udCo suo alienos, id est philosophi,
    libros seu particulas
    partieulas perturbavit? Hoc ubique paene facit. Cur? Ut eunecunctis, ut diximus,
    dixmus, confusis non sit facilis singulorom locorum inventio nec
    cwn veteribus
    eteribus interpretamentis
    Interpretamentis collatio. Sie
    Sic enim
    enm ma.xime
    na.xime ignorantiam.
    ignorantiam 30
    suarn posse tegi putavit. Ideo iugiter id ipsum in
    singulis
    sngulis quoque
    problematibus factitat .
    Quod ut quaIe
    . partCulae,
    ,
    quale sit, percipiatS,
    percipiatis, problema primum XVI.
    particulae,
    quae est de pertinentibus ad caelestia,
    caelesta, legite. Cuius initium
    oitium est: .Quamobrem, quamvis aequa1iter,
    aequaliter, sol
    501 aequali in
    tempore feratur . Nam eum
    cum 8Ii
    8
    philosophus geometrica demonstratione in
    solvendo
    solendo utatur ac more
    geometrorum elementis lineas nommet,
    noninet, mutavit Cages elementa nec
    ea posut,
    posuit, quae Aristoteles. Quae res apertissime,
    apertissme, ne
    ! imperitia
    imperita sua

    13 ArIsI.
    Arlsl. ProbI
    Prob\.. ~' ,. 9Iob,
    910b, 211q.
    23 Iq. 4,.\;
    A.a d "bLU;
    ...biU; Mp_,
    _, ,,",t
    J!<ip!I"POI
    J!<i4Ol "d
    "d
    -EU')Vu;,
    -EUu;, .,;'" 3hta.
    3btc. ~o
    ~Il"""";
    ...... ; I :u A
    .;. 1. Probl.
    ProbI . !c'
    ~. 5.
    5 . 9"",
    911a, ,. 4,.\;
    .. d "t01i
    "r01 -I)l.toII
    -I)l.IoII
    6.o'L6,,,; f&PO'vou
    "/ pw...
    61l""6,..;
    f&PO~ "fo,o "fIi> "10-.
    ~. "
    "

    .1<;'"

    ADVERSUS THEODORUH GAZAM.

    deprehendatur, per malitiam facta est. Mutatio enim elementoNm


    elementorum in

    demonstrationibus geometricis facit, ne quid intelJigere


    intelligere queas, etiamsi
    sexcentis expositorum commentariolis
    commentariols iuveris. Nam qui exponunt, eIeeiementis omnes ilJis
    illis utuntur, quibus Aristoteles lineas
    lneas insignivit. Ita
    Ha
    6I fit, u
    ut elementis confusis omne auxilium explanatorum
    exp1anatorum toIlatur.
    tollatur. Viderunt
    patroni Cagis posse ipsius
    iSius ignorantiam d et egi, nisi omnia permiscerentur,
    permiscerelltur, G 27
    et similiter
    sniIiter scientia.m
    scientiam hoc
    ho aco
    pacto probematum
    problematum e medio se sublaturum B
    so
    30
    arbitrati
    a.rbitrati sunt.
    Verum
    Venm de confusione
    confuSone nunc satis. Quare
    Qua.re ad propositum de numeris'
    numeS'
    10problema
    10 problema orationis cursurn fledamus.
    fle<:tamus. Quaeritur in
    eo causa, cur omnes
    homines ad denarium numerum
    numen.m nec citra nec ultra innumerando ascendunt. Id ita
    Ha proposuit Cages. tCur omnes homine5,
    homines, tam
    tarn barbari quam
    Graeci, ad decem usque enumerare consueverunt?
    ',; Ari5totele5,
    Non sie
    Aristoteles,
    sed: JoCur
    omnes homines
    homnes enumemnt? inquit. Ac
    ,; inter haec quantum
    15 intersit,
    inten;it, quamvis n
    on videat, phil050phus,
    philo50phus, quare natum duce ita fiat,
    quaerit. Unde non
    osse
    posse homines aliter facen
    facere aperte ostendit. Natura
    enro mutari non
    otest.
    eniro
    potest. Cages, !
    ut amplior sibi videatur oratio, et c1ausula
    clausula
    maiore bombo emmpat, nu11a
    reum aestirnatione
    aes timatone facta : .cur, inquil,
    nulla rerum
    inquit,
    ad decem usque enumerare homines consueverunt? 0
    doctum pro20 bumque hominem,
    homiem, qui, quod natura
    natum fit nec
    ne<: forte casuque accidit,
    ut ipse phi1osophus

    philosophus testatur, id consuetudini hominurn attnbuit,


    attribuit, nec
    semei, sed saepius idem ex
    semel,
    el' mira
    mim ingenii h ebetudine factitat I Solos enim
    enm
    sesquipedalium strepitus verborum, rerum
    sesquipeda1ium
    rerurn pondere ostergato
    postergato aut
    minime
    mn.me percepto, sequitur. Nec Ciceronem audit, qui s ic
    ie hac de re in

    26libris
    2 libris de oratore ad fratrem
    fratrern scribit : .Sed nulla est maior dementia, B
    31
    nullus maior furor, quam
    qam verba in
    n numerum construere nu11a
    nulla subiecta G Zl"
    "
    nullu.s
    scientia vel sententia . Hispida.s tamen Cages. hirsutas agrestesque
    adeo habet
    babet aures, ut nec, quem
    quern optat, verborum crepitum olfacere
    queat, sed in
    saiebras
    salebras praeruptaque saxa, quibus dignus
    dign~s est, sua
    30 praecipitetur oratio.
    Videtis, videtis ergo, quam maximum honorem mereatur is, qui.
    ne Wlam
    W1am quidem sententiam vel scientiam philosopho dignam
    d.ignam traducens
    eJpressit, sed oppositum animo complexu.s
    complexus est. Nam quando ratio
    elfpressit,
    quaeritur, quare qu i.-:quam ut hic de
    d e numeris natura fiat,
    Hat, consuetudini
    1$ ut plurimum rem t otam ipse
    se accommodat. 0
    nervis otiu.s
    potius quam verbis
    castigandos homines,
    homnes, nec
    nce IDagiS
    magis hos, qui haec per ignorantiam aut
    malitiam sive utrumque faciunt, quam iUos,
    llos, qui
    qu quarnvis
    quamvis ignorantiam
    Caguleorum cognoscant,
    Caguleorurn
    cognosca.nt, tamen
    tarnen talia tollerant. nec tollerant modo,
    verum etiam laudibus prosequuntur !l Nam
    Narn si
    5 qui
    qu oppresso iniuria
    1 uuilitan G lII&licl&n 39 .""""'luut ..... G '" 2 : ut.
    12 Theod. Prob1.
    Prob!. XV
    3. 443"'.

    25 ei
    Ci ec . De
    Oe .... t. I

    20.

    ..

    CEORGII
    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTIl
    RPEZNI1

    306

    homini
    homni non
    adest, eum
    cum possit, homicida est.
    Nonne inter parrcidas
    parricidas
    enumerandi sunt, qui parent
    enurnerandi
    parenti philosophorum omnium Aristoteli, euius
    cuius
    libri
    lbri depravantur, non
    succurrunt. qui phi1osophiarn
    philosophiarn ipsam. non
    defendunt, sed negligunt, qui
    qui. pulcherrimae scientiae problematum non
    no propugnant?
    6
    55
    post pro solutione
    501utione additur? An,
    Quid illud, quod paulo O!:>t
    , quia
    B
    31 denarius principium est? Sic
    Sie Aristoteles: .Cur
    teUr pncipium
    principium sit? Aut,_
    sicuti ego arbitror et sequentes approbant rationes, tquod novem corG 28 ora
    pora sunt,quae feruntur, (aut) quod decem proportiona1itatibusquattuor
    proportionalitatibusquattuor
    cubiti numexi,
    numeri, quibus universum secundum Pythagoricos constet, effi-l0
    effi-10
    ciuntur. Aut prmcipium
    principium esse denarium
    derurium numerum quasi omnibus
    omnibu.s tunc
    tune
    apertum patensque dixit.
    Ne<: rationem attulit ullam. Cages vero
    solus sententiam suam auctoritate vellevitate
    leitate pot!:>
    potius atronorum
    patronorum suorum
    suorern
    confisus textibus Aristotelis immiscuit .An, inquit, quoniam
    quonam denarius
    fons
    lns atque principium est, quippe qui ex: ,
    uno, duobus, tribus et quattuor 111
    lIi
    constet
    proditorem scientiae
    scientae lapides
    Japides ?
    oonstet .
    Non rapietis omnes in
    Non
    frangetis Aristotelis
    ristoteIis in
    n calumniatorern gladios?
    Non deridetis, si
    S1 anna
    desunt, dentibus aures, nasum, faciern?
    faciem?
    Non lacerabitis
    laeerabitis alius alio

    trahentes totum hominem


    horninem manibus?
    rnanibus? Si
    5 vera es.sent,
    essent, quae somniat,
    haec tamen
    tarnen prae dedignatione faeeretis,
    laceretis, quod sensum suum non
    no in 20
    margine
    magine neque seorsum a.scribit,
    ascribit, sed ipsi Aristoteli attribuit. Num, eum
    cum
    fa1sa
    falsa penitus sint, patiemin?
    patiemini? Vera eerte
    certe ratio haec
    haee sua esse non
    potest.
    Nam si
    5 vera
    vea sit,
    5it, non
    denarius tantum.
    tanturn, sed multi
    mt alli
    a1i numeri principium
    erunt. Multi enim sunt, qui huiusmodi accumulatlon.,
    aecurnulationc ab unitate inB
    32 cepta constant. Statim temarius ex
    uno et duobu5.
    duobus. Senariu5
    Senarius ex: uno,25
    uno, 25
    duobu5 et tribU5.
    duobus
    tribus. Denarius ex uno. duobus, tribus et quattuor. Quinhis et quinque. Deinde vigesjmus
    iges.imus primus ex eollectione
    col1ectione omnium
    decim ex hi.s
    usque ad sex.
    sex, et deinceps multi
    { sequente semper numero ab urutate,
    G 28 collectis
    col1ecti.s accumulato. Vigesimus octavus. Trigesimus
    Tigesimus septimu5.
    septimus. Quadragesimus septimus. Quinquagesimus octavu5.
    gesirnus
    octavus. Quid facio? Innumern
    Innum.ea 30
    enumerare
    enumeare conor. Immo satis de hoc dictum
    dietum sit,
    5it, quoniam satis
    sati.s diei

    non
    potest.
    19.
    lIlud
    lI1ud cacbino
    cacbno potius. si
    5 pJacet,
    plaeet. prosequamur, quod in
    primo problemate XVI. particulae .
    ponit. Quod etiam, ut rnox
    m diximus,
    dxim5, elementorum
    mutatione sedavit.
    sedait. Nam eum
    cum. dicat Aristoteles
    Aistoteles aestum
    ae5tum maxime inu
    36
    meridie
    le, quia sol
    $ prope nos
    ! sit, attendite,
    attendte, quo pacto !ocum
    Iocum digent
    digerit
    mendie fieri,
    Cages, videte.
    idete. quem sensum egerit et patronis apponit sui.s.
    suis. tQuippe,
    1
    pUcld.LJ
    pUrlcId.LsJ paricid ... G B
    I 21 Num
    NulD G Nun<:
    c B

    1 Ari5t.
    A';5t. Probl.
    Pobl. w' 3. 'dIlob.
    <;Ilob. 31--j8. ~ m oipxil
    olpxil iIlacli.t;;
    + 8aci.;; ~ m ...
    . cf'6c
    ~i'C"<"
    _ lwt;
    iwt; ~ m ih
    h Itx<t
    .. ~~ ~ lCUol.
    oI;...,.".).or....,. !t
    ! w.
    :...
    0'&1"l_
    lCU~oI. ..
    ~.&~ oI;...,.".l.oI"N'fOtL,
    ..."lll
    "" & 01
    n
    n...e
    ..(h<j6pcloOt
    .. j 6c.ot ~ rill
    " ""...........,; I 14 Tb.eod.
    Tleod. Probl.
    Probi. XV
    3.
    3 443&'
    443&. I
    33 cf. Ari a t . Probl.
    913&. I 31
    3'7 ccf.
    f. Th"od.
    (/ Uf.
    U. hu'),
    d#I).
    Prob!. ~. I . 9'3&.
    Theod. Probl.
    Prob!. 16. I . 411& (1wJ:

    "JWII

    307
    301

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.

    inquit, CUln
    CU1n sol
    50l meridie
    mendie maxime e perpendiculo
    perpendieulo se nobis exhibeat .
    Numquam certe nobis e perpendicu10
    perpendieulo sol
    50l se ipsum exhibet; sub aequinoctiaJi
    noctiali autem habitantibus semper in meridie, citra
    cit.ra aequinoctialem
    aequinoctaJem
    vero nullis nisi ad tropicum
    tropieum usque habitantibus aestivalem. Nam illis
    115 etiam, quamvis non
    semper, sed tamen, quando sol
    501 prope ipsum
    ipsn tropicum est, nullam in
    meridie umbram corpora porrigunt. Quod
    od fit,
    quoniam e perpendiculo maxime
    maxme sol
    50J eas tunc
    tune aspicit regiones.
    regones. Dicet
    fortassis non e perpendiculo, sed maxime e perpendiculo
    perpendicuJo se dixisse.
    dxisse. B
    32~
    Quis non ridebit? Nerno est, qui potestate vocis percepta, id est nOIl
    ll
    10 ignorata
    gnorata significatione perpendicuJ,
    perpendiculi, possit ignorare
    gnorare numquam nobis
    solem ad perpendiculum
    perpendieulum a.ccedere.
    a.::edere. Quomodo igitur,
    gitur, si ne accedit quidem
    ad perpendiculum, maxime
    maxme ad perpendculum
    perpendieulum nobis erit?
    An quod G 29
    .minime esse potest, id aliquando maxime esse po.ssit?
    passit? Quis haec
    ha.ec umquam praeter Cagem egessit? Quis
    s explen
    expleri se ipsum istis
    stis praeter lauda15 tores suos, homines insanos, patietur? Prope
    P.rope nos autem
    autern sol
    $ in meridie
    maxime fit, quia maxime ilIo
    illo tempore ad verticem nostri capitis accedit.
    accedt.
    Quae quidem accessio
    aceessio adeo remota longe a perpendieulo
    perpendicuJo est, ut nemo
    sit, qui e perpendiculo
    perpendieulo nos
    os umquam a sole aspici
    aspci cogitaverit. Cages
    50lus
    solus excogitavit. Cages edidit. Cages hoc cibo
    bo amicos pascit suos.
    20 Qui
    Qu si eontendunt
    contendunt solem in meridie
    mendie maxime se nobis e perpendcuIo
    perpendieulo
    exhibere, attamen profecto, quamvis impudentissimi
    mpudentissimi sint, dieere
    dicere non
    on
    audebunt Aristoteli hoc
    hoe ingerendum fuisse. Servandus est enim
    enm um
    unicuique modus s uns,
    uus, non
    detorquendus auctoris
    auetoris sensus ad unum. Quod
    Aristoteies
    Aristoteles dOOt,
    dixit, id ipsum non
    aJiud
    aliud traductor
    traduetor referat. Si non
    intelligit,
    2Ii
    2 non
    t.raducat.
    traducat. Aut
    ! saltem ipsa
    sa philosophi
    philo50phi exprimat verba, quae si
    s
    rectius
    rectus quam ceteri consequi se credit, commenta conscribat, exponat B
    38
    ut libero
    liber. Id enim
    enm onmibus
    omnibus licet.
    lcet. Alienis sua immiscere nemini licet.
    Nam id quidem nihil aHud
    alud est, quam nec
    nee sua nec
    nee aliena velle
    ve1Je integra
    integ:ra
    hominibus tradere, sed omnia prae intollerabili contumacia confundere.
    30
    In
    septimo
    septmo autem XVII. particulae, ubi quaeritur, quare si magni-20.
    tudo divisa in multa est, minorem omnes simul partes reddere magnitudinem videntur quam totum. Videte, quomodo Cages, quasi sacra G 29
    menta additus sit oppositum semper, quam philosophus dicat, tradu
    mento
    CCle, totum etiam hunc
    ccIe,
    hune loeum
    locn pevertit.
    pervertit. tCur, inquit, tota magnitudo
    36
    3 divisa maior toto videatur?
    videatu?
    At, 0
    pen;picaeissime
    pen;picacissime vir, et rationes
    ratones
    oppositum inferunt,
    infernnt, et tu concludendo contrarium
    contra.rium transtulisti. Sie
    Sic
    enim seribis:
    5Cribis: tConsentaneum igiturest, ut partibusdivisis maior appareat
    moles . Dicite, dicite, oro vos,
    os, bucinatores Cagis, an soleat
    50leat Aristoteles
    allud uquam
    aliud
    umquam proponere,aliud n.tionibus
    rationibus eomprobare,aut
    comprobare,aut aliud, quam

    11 quldem
    qu!dem urips<
    uripS qllOd
    qod G B
    20 e perped<::"l]
    perpea.die<llo] e B
    OM.
    _. 35 maior G B
    IDlnor .oIU.
    sn Arl
    Bq. 6.14
    'tl 3o.oI'f'O...-"
    36
    "' at.
    .. Probl.
    ProbI. ~ 7. 9' .. b. I oq.
    4..
    a..if>O...-" ~'i
    we'I ~,..hnuo;
    M-r ""W
    ",
    K~'1t
    .. ut 'fiOil
    'f<Oi! 4lou;
    4l.ou; Sol.
    3oi. 31 Theod. Prob\.
    PobI. XVl7
    7 . .... 5
    ,s .. ( . . -...."" eil.).
    rn.).

    ."iJ.

    "'.
    00'

    306

    GEORGII
    GE.ORGII TRAPEZUNT1J
    TRAPEZUNTlJ

    probavit, concludere.
    Non estis veriti,
    , ne,
    , si non
    per
    pe. libros
    tibros graecos.
    quoniam paucissmi
    paucissimi graece intelligant,
    ntelligant, at pe
    per vetustas <traductiones>
    quoniam.
    ac pe:r
    per priscos expositores, qui graece simul et laHne
    latne sciebant. comcornprehederetur
    prehenderetur non
    philosophum sC,dpsisse.
    sc.ripsisse. sed Cagem pugnantia ex

    ignorantia traduxisse. Cur autem


    autern in pugnantia sic
    sie saepius incidit, ut, 5
    ne unum quidem hominis sensum habere videatUf?
    videatur? Ipse in
    n ca.lce
    calce praeB
    33 Y fationis apertissime praedicat. Multa
    ta enim a se affirmat emendata,
    muIta in
    multa
    melius versa. Unde coUigitur
    colligitur omnia, quae pingui non

    potuit
    ingenio assequi. ea quasi mendosa in
    melius sibi,
    ut putat, esse
    es.<>e perversa.
    Quam recte vero
    intellexerit,
    intel1exerit, undique apparet. Cuncta
    Cuneta enim depravata.l0
    depravatalO
    vel
    l addendo
    addenda vel
    l subtrahendo vel
    mutando sunt.
    21.
    Antecedentis problematis sexti
    Ante<:edentis
    sext huius particu1ae
    particulae prima statim
    statm
    verba C(lnsiderate,
    vcrba
    considerate, qui veritatis et philosophiae studiosi estis. Chartam
    Cha.rtam
    G 30enim posuit
    pro papyro, nec
    nee vidit, quod omnia, quae ibi dicuntur,
    dieuntur,
    chartis nulIo
    nullo aeddunt
    accidunt modo, sed iunds.
    iuncis. papyro stirpique
    strpique accidunt.15
    Papyrus enim
    iuncus
    iuneus quideIn
    quidem est. Credo stirpem latine appelIari
    appellari posse.
    Verum
    chattarum confectio,
    confeetio,
    Verum. quoniam
    quoniam. prisei,
    prisci, antequam inventa fuit ehartarum
    quibus nunc
    nune utimur. ex papyo
    papyro quasi tabulas, ubi scribetent.
    seriberent. conficiebant. idcireo
    bant,
    idcirco papyro
    pro charta vulgo abutimur. Insanum hominern
    homnem
    atque penitus amentem fuisse Aristotelem eredant
    credant necesse est omnes,2O
    qui Cagi
    Gagi prae furoris
    os magnitudine eredunt.
    credunt. Quis enim non
    vidctit
    vidcrit
    chartis
    clartis non
    posse aeddere,
    accidere, quae scribuntur?
    scribuntur ? Vi
    rerum ergo cogetur
    aut Aristotelem insaniisse,
    nsaniisse, eum
    cum volumina problematum
    problernaturn scriberet, aut
    Cagem, eum
    cum traduceret.
    tradueeret. existimare.
    exist imare.
    22,1
    Primum vero XVIII.
    . particulae
    partieulae quibus obduxit tenebrist Nam25
    eum
    cum in
    n eo quaeratur, quare inaequales maiores apparent alter ad alterum
    B
    S4 eollati
    collati quam seorsum
    J>eQrsum atque in
    se ipsis
    ipss absque ulla col1atione
    collatione considerati
    considerati::
    .cur
    inqUt Cages, qui corpore eonstant
    constant immodico. maiores
    tCur homines, inquit
    esse videntur,
    vdentur, eum
    cum appositi modicis aspiduntw"?
    aspiciuntw"?c Primum quid erat
    opus homines adiicere?
    adicere? Ne scilieet
    scilicet quispiam contendat
    co de asinis philo- 30
    sophum intellexisse.
    ntellexisse.
    An hominibus tantum, et non
    equis, hobus,
    bobus, camelis,
    suibus, e1ephantis.
    elephantis. quod dicitur, accidit?
    aec.idit ? Omnibus quidem animatis
    accidere inscriptio
    npo ipsa huius particula.e
    particulae dedarat.
    declarat. Cur vero animatis
    solum, nec
    nce euillbet
    cuilibet magnitudini?
    magntudini? Quia videlieet,
    videlcet, nisi partes organica.e
    GWin magnitudinibus inspiciuntur, ex quarum
    quanm inaequalitate partium. ut3i
    utSli
    philosophus sentit, numerus emergit, fieri
    non
    potest, quod dicitur.
    Deinde,
    Dende, eum
    curn Aristoteles .incommensurati.,
    .ncommensuratit, ut verbum de verbo
    verho exprimam, dixerit
    dXerit - incommensuratj:
    incommensuratit autem
    autern non
    sunt nisi inaequales-.
    1 veriti G verit B
    I 2 vetu.tas
    vetllKaS B
    vetuotoa G I 15 oed]
    ed] B",...
    ",... I .tirpique
    .tirpque
    uc.
    '. '..
    .. Ir_ 3"'9, 20; 318, 26J otirpoque G B
    I 16 .tirpem) .tirpum G B

    -4'"

    ~""...

    12 Tbeod.
    TbeQd. Prob1.
    Prob!. XVI 6.
    bb.. I 25 Ariu.
    ;. Probl
    Prob\.. .1;'
    .;' I . 9'j,
    9'5, 31 Bq
    oq . ,6,t<l;
    t<I ...t
    . 01

    d.""I'J'ol'!"P'>'
    ,.""l,.t'I" l<I<p'
    1<' <i>.l.-Ijlowc;
    :iU.lou "o~
    """'f'06~ odou;
    ~towc; "'1
    ",1__
    _ _ ~ -S-'
    -SO' ,,~ I'~; I
    28 Tbeod. Prob!.
    Prob1. XVII,.
    XVII 1. Hjb.
    H 5b.

    ADVERSS
    ADVERSUS

    THEODORUM GAZAM.

    300

    eur
    cur immodioo oonstantes eorpore
    corpore Cages et Cagulei dicunt
    dieunt ~ Quae tanta
    horum hominum
    homnum ignorantia vel potius
    potiu.s porcorum
    po.rcorurn grunitus
    gu.s est. An,
    , si
    hominem
    homnem modicae
    modieae staturae rninori
    rnin conferam homini,
    homni, falsum
    fa.lsum in his
    bis
    ptbIema
    problema videbitur?
    6
    Insanire profecto mihi ipsi videor, quod
    od tantam ignorantiam,t
    quam oontemne.re
    oontemnere deherem,
    deberem, redarguere non
    eruhescam.
    erubescam. Sed veritatis
    amor, Aristotelis honor, eui
    cui non
    ego modo, sed universum genus humanum
    m et maxime reges ac
    ae principes, plurimum debent, et denique philo- B
    34"
    sophia, parens omnium, silentio me
    Cagis portenta praeterire non

    10sinit.
    10 sinit. Quid,
    ut ceteris supersedeamus, quae plurima in
    hoc problemate
    quasi excrementa,
    exerementa,
    ut CaguIei
    Cagulei dicerent,
    dieerent, sunt, quid inquam qualeque
    est, quod eoncludens
    conciudens apposuit ? tMerito, inquit, maius tum
    turn esse apparet,
    euro
    cum spectatur
    speetatur ad id, quod simplex est atque unum . Atqui
    etiametlamo quo
    qua te d.igno
    digno nomine appellem
    appellern I- quoniam seorsum aspidebatur,
    aspiciebatur, maius
    tlerat.
    Uerat. Sed altius hoc est, quam Cagulei simul omnes queant percipere.
    m sit, in
    scholiis
    schollis marginalibus
    rnarginalibus nostris
    nastris latius dictum est.
    Quale autem
    Caguleis vero
    vet ignoscendum
    ignoscendurn esset, s i in
    his'
    hs' diflieilioribus
    dfliciloribus so!um,
    solurn, nec
    rnagis
    ags in
    faciJioribus
    faciJoribus quasi caeci palptarent
    palpitarent..
    Legite, rogo, quod
    od statim sequitur, ubi cum quaerat Aristoteles,23.
    Arstoteles,23.
    20 quare
    et
    animaJia
    aJ1imaJa et
    plantae in
    longitudinem magis erescunt,
    crescunt, ipse: G 31
    lICur animantia, inquit,
    , omnia
    m et ea, quorum stirpes
    stiTpes terra.
    terra oontinentur,
    ),
    crescere potius in
    longitudinem $Oleant
    soleant 1,
    ?t Enumerate,
    Enurnerate, obsecro, quot

    vitia, ne
    dicam,
    dieam, ineptiae sunt. In
    re tam
    tarn brevi, tam
    tarn aperta, tarn
    dilucide
    dlucide
    a philosopho dicta
    dieta primum longo usus est cireuitu,
    crcuitu, qui
    rem apertam
    apertarn
    215 operuit. Deinde t(;fescere
    soleantt inquit, quasi oonsuetudme id sibi,
    2:5
    rescere soJeant.
    natura iussit.
    i.ssit. Sic.
    non
    Sie. quod natura
    natUffi homines facimus, solere
    sotere nos facere
    saepius dicit.
    dieit. Praeterea IoSOleanh
    I>SOIeant. de re certa eerteque
    certeque a philosopho
    proposita. subiunctive dixit, qui dicend.i
    proposita
    dicendi modus rebus, de quibus haesi B
    36
    3
    tamus, accommodatur. Ad haec Aristoteles plantas nominavit.
    tamu.s,
    nomillavit. lpse
    Ipse
    30 vero: tea, inquit,
    , quorum
    quorurn stirpes
    strpes in
    terra
    eOlltinentun.
    continentut. Credo nonnuUas
    esse plantas ipsum opinari,
    opn, quarum stirpes
    strpes in at!re
    : eontineantur.
    contineantur. Quod.
    od
    quid.em nescio
    neseLo an uIlus
    uUus umquam
    urnquam temulentussomniaverit. Sed $Omniaverit
    somniaverit
    id sobrius Cages, vereque somniaverit. Agant nonnullae
    nonnuUae plantae :radices
    :radiees
    n globo lunae,
    )unae, agant in
    eorpore
    corpore solis,
    so!s , agant in orbe ultimo, an ideo
    in
    SI5
    S non
    magis
    nagis in
    n longitudinem crescent?
    crescent ? At Aristotelis
    Aristotels ratione, ubicumque
    ubicurnque
    sint, quae proprie crescere dicuntur sicut
    sieut animata, in longitudinem
    magis profecto crescent. Quia enim !ongitudo principium atque origo
    ceterarum dimensionum est, ea
    de causa necessario accidit, sicut
    sieut
    philosophus sentit,
    longitudinem omnia magis crescant. Illud G 31
    3Y
    ut in
    6 poIocto
    p...,lccto G p..,tecto
    p..,fccto B
    I 16 &ChoIH.
    rochoWs G KOIiis
    . B
    I 22 q .. ot G q .. od B
    I 32 00ln
    on
    "il.verit
    "i.verit G 80mJ>i.0.vit
    8OnU>i..i B
    I
    Sed """,n.iav.,rit
    """,niav.,rt G B

    12 Th"od.
    Theod. Pfobl
    PobI . XVII
    I . +46 . I 20 Ari"t.
    Ariot. ProbI
    Probl.. .t;'
    :' 2. 9,6a,
    916a, '2.
    u. 4<>:\;
    <>:\; TI:
    ...: iM
    nr
    ...1\><0<; ..... t;<;>ot
    :.. ....
    or.1 ... 'l'o.oW.
    ...w. ~'; I 21 Tbeod. P..,bl.
    Probi. XVII
    2. +46

    '10
    ."

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTl1
    TRAPEZUNTI

    autem sie
    SiC verum esse mathematici demonstrant,
    demostrant, $icut
    sicut passim peT e1ementa
    rnenta Euclida.e patet, ut negare
    negae nemo queat, nisi Cagu!eo
    Caguleo sit praeditus
    ingenio.
    2&.
    Duodedmum
    Duodecmum etiam XX.
    . particuIae,
    particulae, quae de re
    e musica
    rnusica est, dUidlgentius
    gentus lectitatote, ubi ostendit phi1osophus
    philosophus graviorem
    g,-aviorem ex fidibus ideo 11
    accipere atque ocx:upare
    o::upare sonum,
    so, acutioris videlicet, quia parvum in
    n
    magno continetur. Cages autem: tquamobrem.
    quamobrem. inquit.
    inqUt. quae gravior
    g:ravior ex
    fidibus est, huic
    huie semper actus moduIandi
    rnodulandi committitur?t Ita
    Ha quod
    B
    3{lv
    3\ natura rerum fit, hominum
    bominurn dispositioni, oonstitutioni
    constitutioni commissionique
    ipse attribuit.
    attributt. Ne.::
    Ne<: quod phlosophus
    philosophus proponit, nec quod probat, nec 10
    quod sentit
    sentt aut percipere otest
    potest aut rimari
    rmari dignum putat, sed vernantium
    nantum modo
    od verba sine
    sille sensu effundit.
    Non immerito igitur
    gitur omnes,
    qui eum sequuntur, CaguIei,
    Cagulei. et secta., quae voces sequitw", rem non

    intelligit. immo quae ne<:


    vocum quidem ipsarum
    ipsa.rum certam
    certarn determmatamque habet rationem,
    rationern, Cagulea potest appellari.
    . Quae quidem secta 15
    trium
    tum adhuc
    adhue numerum hominum non
    excessit. Quonun
    Quorum duo ab abysso
    in deorum, ut ipsi dicerent , munus ascendentes, in
    COlltrariumque
    contrariumque
    lm, amentiam eum
    cum spurcissima
    sp.cissirna
    delapsi summam ignorantiam, levitatem,
    vita coniunJterunt.
    coniunJteront.
    26.
    2.
    Sed
    Sed. de his si rudere
    rude.re grunni.reque
    grunn.reque pergent, apertius atque Iatius20
    Nunc secundum XXI.
    . pa.rticulae
    particulae toto vel
    in
    animo perpendatis,
    alias. NUlle
    qiaeritur, quare
    qua.re trito a priscis rerumque divinaG 32 ubi ratio ab Aristotele quaeritur,
    rum scientiam habentium Graecorum proverbio ferebatur belli ttempore
    empore
    mentham nec
    ne<: serehdam,
    serendam, nec
    ne<: comedendam esse, ratioque redditur, quoniam mentha corpora comedentium frigefaciat . Cumque haec herba 25
    non
    parum caloris habeat, mirumque videri possit, quo pacto herba
    ca1ida frigidius reddat corpus humanurn,
    humanum, huius reI
    rei certius esse vestigiurn
    vestigium
    alt, quia sperma eomedentium
    ait,
    cornedentium conumpItur.
    cornunpitur. Quo nihil
    nihl aliud
    a,lud signilicatur.
    signficatur.
    36 nisi quia proprio quodam calore, siccitate atque natura
    nahlra menthae ca10r
    calor
    B
    humanus adeo superatur.
    supratur. ut sperma etiam
    arn aboleatur. Nam non
    solurn30
    solum30
    generandi vissua
    issua tollitur, verum etiam
    etam ipsum frequenti usu menthae paulatim
    lm imminuitur
    mminuitur et
    tandem exstinguitur.
    exstingutur. Quo exstineto
    exstncto hominis
    bomnis fortilortitudo
    do elatusque animus omnino deiicitur
    deicitur..
    tHoc
    Hoc enim, inquit, eontrarium
    contrariurn
    est ad fortitudinem et ad animos, eum
    cum sit idem genere.t Contraria.
    enim in eodem genere proxma
    proxima !iunt
    liunt et maxime distan.t.
    distan,t. Quare, quoniam 35
    e1atio et
    elatio
    deiectio animi contraria sunt, et deiectio animi abolitionem
    bom
    spermatis subsequitur, quod spadones, qui omnes in
    muliebrem vertuntu.r
    tUT naturam, dec1arant, et mentha spermaquadam sui natura exstinguit,
    13 """luu"tu.
    """lUUD.tu. G """D.tu.
    oocu"t". B

    U me<>th&m]
    "'e<th.] lIIentam
    menta", B

    3Ii
    3 pt"Ol<",
    pro,.;", ..]
    pMIimo B

    7 Tbe od. Probl.


    Prob!. XIX
    <2.
    2. H'''.
    7". I 22 Ari.t.
    Ariu. Probl. K'~. 9~3", 9--'1
    9"-'1 . 40.-,(
    ...
    "'",
    " .... .'I'(Y,"",
    &-> "t ..-o)J1''''
    7I"J<> ~
    t,,&(c 1yt:
    fI"m>c', ~ .s.....
    6-r ,.......,#):c
    ,.......,ojxc ..a: ...:.""'
    """
    I'~ J,,&(c
    I'~ ..,.,."....,
    <><1>""'.....
    ..... ,,
    3.y.o<
    al
    a ij ,..,;; mdpl'otTO(
    moto &.
    ~. I 33 A~i.t. Probl
    Prob!.. .,,: ~. 9~3A.
    9~3a. H
    "'I
    "' . ....,/iT<I
    ....,;,.., al
    a
    p~,kro 1'fp4t;
    &...~ _w.
    _,}w... &0
    ~ yiw
    ",; ....r-<,o..
    n4t; ""~d ... Kotl
    _ &...b
    ..
    ... ..

    ADVERSUS
    DVERSUS reEODORUM
    THEODORUM GAZAM.
    GAZM.

    311

    patet, quia
    qua fortitudini
    forttudini ae
    ac magnitudiJ
    magnitudinj animorum menthae comestio
    contrarium est. Quas ob res non
    comedere solum ipsam priscae proquidern belli tempore, oe
    ne G sr
    verbium Graeciae prohibet, sed ne serere quidem
    inde eomestio
    comestio sequatur, permittit. Id totum sic
    sie altum,
    alturn, sic
    sie verum,
    verurn, sic
    sie
    5 utile,
    utle, sie
    sic breviter ac
    ae more Aristotdico
    ristotdico absolutum
    absoluturn operae pretium est
    audire, quomodo interpretatus est <:ages. .Id
    tId autem
    autern ipsum,
    ipsurn, inquit,
    nquit,
    adversum omnino est ad fortitud.inem atque excandescentiam animi,
    sibmet generis cognatione deiungi palam est . Certe
    Gerte binc
    bine non
    ad
    quae sibimet
    phlosophorum
    philosophorum usum, sed longe a pofta verbis aliquo evulsis
    evulsS nec re
    10propter brevitatem satis expressa nullus
    ! altior
    potest h.aberi
    haberi sensus. B
    3e'"
    3'"
    Nam eum
    cum ab omnibus Peripateticis
    Periateticis eontraria
    contraria dicantur, quae in
    eodem
    posita maxime distent, ipse quia nec
    nee eontrarium
    contrarium nominavit
    genere posita.
    aliquid et cognationes induxit generum, ad alium longe philosophiae
    a1iquid
    studiosus sensum repellit, quam Aristoteles voluit.
    stud.iosos
    l.
    15
    Sed quod statim
    statirn sequitur, attente oro
    ro videatis.
    videatS. QuaerItur
    Quaeritur autem: 26.
    2.
    .cur,
    Cur, non
    dico
    d.ico a1iqua
    aliqua indefinite, sed nonnul1a,
    nonnulla, hoc est distinctius,
    distinetius, quaedam
    quaedarn
    florem
    f]orem faeiunt
    faciunt et fructum
    fruetum non
    faciunt, sicut
    sieut eueumer,
    cucumer, eueurbita,
    cucurbita, maIum
    rnalurn
    punicum
    punieum?
    1. Ipse vero et quasi ambigua, quae eertissima
    certissima sunt, protulit,

    sieut fere semper


    sicut
    sernper propter ignorantiam soIet.
    solet. Et
    pro malo
    male punjco
    punico malus
    punica dixit.
    Nee ratio
    philosophi nec oculorum
    penitus
    20
    dixt. Nec
    phlosophi
    ocuJorum sensus, quo pentus
    euere
    carere videtur, aut furorem hominis adversus veritatem domare aut
    ignorantiam
    gnorantiam mentemque suillam ad quicquam
    quiequam recipiendum revocare
    potuerunt. Florem
    Florern facit et fructum
    fruetum non
    facit malus
    ma1us punica?
    puniea?
    Non vidistj
    vidisti
    umquam huius arboris fructum,
    fruetum, quem malum
    maln punicum appel1amus?
    appellamus 1 G 33
    2D
    2 Centies, scio.
    selo. Etiam
    Etiarn devorasti. Quomodo igitur comedo tu
    et veritatis
    veritats
    ipsius,
    psius,
    ut sic
    sie dicarn,
    dcam, helluo videre
    Vdere non potes malum punicam floribus
    oribus
    mala punica
    puniea facere?
    faeere? Haec sicut
    sieut eucumeres
    cucumeres quoque atque cucur
    cueur
    suis ma1a
    bitae flores faciunt. Fruetum
    Fn.ctum facere nequeunt, quia
    qua ipsa fruetus
    fructus sunt.

    Non moverunt iners


    oers pingueque
    pi.ngueque ingenium
    ing:enium saltern
    saltem eueurbitae
    cucurbitae et eueumeres
    cucumeres B
    37
    30 simul enumerati ab Aristotele. Hactenus de hoc.
    Verurn si, quanta sit ignorantia Cages, quantaque vertisine mentis27, I
    Verum
    agitetur,
    agtetur, absque muJto
    multo labore vultis eognoscere,
    cognoscere, legite, quod deinceps
    deineeps
    sequitur. id est quartum huius XXI.
    . particuJae.
    partieulae. Nam eum
    cum investisetur,
    eur
    cur olerum alia cocta, alia non
    no eocta
    cocta eduntur, legite,
    ]egte, legite, obsecro,
    36
    3 qua via
    rern
    rem tarn
    tam apertam
    aertam pervertit.
    pervertit . .cur,
    tCur, inquit,
    oquit, eorum
    eonm quae telTa
    tea
    emergunt, alia eocta,
    cocta, alia cruda sunt cibo idonea 1c
    1 0
    hominem, patrono-patrona.
    rum
    m suorum dignum praeconio! 0
    hominem, non
    minus ocuIorum
    oculorum et
    ~ ruillam
    uillam

    G 5uillom
    ruillem B

    Pn:bl.. XX~. 44gb (<14"""'


    (c4M..... ; .. ,,"_~
    .. " d . Pfobl..
    6 Th .. od. Prob!.
    ""_~ ~l.J.
    ~il.J. I 16 Th ....
    P>b!.
    XX
    , . H9b. ((_
    i_,m,n
    ... h ...,
    M l#ho ~.t.)
    ~i.t.) I "f.
    d . AriH.
    AriU. P,,,bI.
    PT",bl. x'
    ' , . 913&,
    ga3&, 13sq.
    I3sq. 11.14"'(
    I4..
    ..... lY&<><;
    &; IxOYT
    .. a..
    ... .... mt
    m. !mlV,
    ..... ,
    oto~ "~
    "t~ "OlL
    ""' >;i).o~
    >a;i).o~ ....
    ""'1 /;
    /16; I 33 Ad
    Ari s t. Probl
    Prob
    )t'
    )1.' 4. 923
    92) &, '1 sq. 4<
    .. ..t
    .. ...
    'I'':;;y
    'P""jUwoY
    ""d'- "<4
    '1'4 1
    ~ ov,i,
    !~, ...
    .... U al"':
    d: fIi><orr4j
    or4 ) 35 Tho"d.
    Thcod.
    Prob!. XX
    .....
    i. i50&,
    50&'

    312

    GEORGll TRAPEZUNTII
    TRPEZNTIl

    gustus quam mentis expertem I Boves. asmi.


    asini, pecudes ceteraque pecora
    cognoseunt plu.ra
    cognoscunt
    plura sibi reiicienda quam edenda eorum, quae t erra emergwlt.
    w. Cages,
    Cage!, qui se philosophum profitetur. ne
    asinomm
    asinorum quidem nec
    pecudum sensum adeptus, so1a
    sola nonnullonun
    nonnulloum elatus potentiurn ve1
    auctoritate vel
    ignorantia, universam Aristotelis philoso phiam et veri- 5
    tatern ipsam pever.>urum
    tatem
    perversurum se confidit.
    confidit .tEorum,
    Eorum, quae terra emergunt,
    emergunt.
    aHa coda,
    alia
    cocta, alia
    a1ia croda
    cuda homines edunt . Sentis, quid
    q.id dicis.
    dieis. an nondum
    nondun
    G 33
    33 quidern? Omnia enim, quae oriuntur
    e terra,
    ea, edi ab hominibus. alia
    cocta, aHa
    a1ia cruda, hic serrno significat.
    significat. Omitto sulfura, omitto alumina
    omitto
    oroitto argentum
    argenturn vivum, omitto metalla omnia. Quae eurn
    cum e terra
    10
    emergant, ardenti eorum otu
    potu solus
    solu!> dignissimus
    dignissmus es. Sed quando tu

    fatue scamoniam, quando helaterium, quando frondes caseas,


    casea.s, quando
    B
    37" aconiturn,
    aconfurn, quando agaricum ceteraque huiusmodi.
    huiusmodi, quae innumera
    emergunt e terra,
    tea, vidisti aut audisti homines ad cibum coIIi,gere?
    colli,gere? Die,
    c.
    sodes, crudum tu elleborum, an cocturn esse comedcndurn
    comedendurn consulis?
    consuls? 15
    Utrumdices. Ceteri omnes in
    tuis,
    s. tui bucnatores.
    te
    ;
    bucinatores. in
    prius periculum
    faciendum contendent. Sed missa haec letifera
    tetifera venenaque faciamus.
    faeiamus.
    Ioneos vero, stirpes,
    Ioncos
    stpes, ficulnea.s,
    fieulneas, frondes, hederam, salieum,
    salcum, folia.
    folia platani,
    globulos, abiegna, ramalia, vepres, arbusta, dumos
    dumas decoctos tu devoras,
    an erudos?
    crudos? Si
    5 decoctos dices,
    diccs, mirabimur.
    mirabmur. Nullum
    Nullurn enim animal sic
    sie ista
    sta 20
    comedit, sin
    sn crudos. Simile
    5ml veri
    videbitur. Nam caprae quoque, asini
    asni et

    boves crudis quibusdam istorum pascuntur, hhom


    omines
    nes nullo
    nu110 pacto.
    paeto. Quare
    si non
    aliomm
    aliorum naturam.
    naturam, sed tuam eonsiderasti,
    considerasti. veniam t1bi
    tibi dandam eencensemus, si
    s1 in
    transferendo Aristotele non
    ipsum, sed te
    !>
    potius aspexisti.
    I
    Cur autem, eum
    cum ratio philosophi vertenda esset, primum subiungiS,25
    subiungis,25
    an quibus sucus,
    sueus, deinde statim,
    statm, quibus autem
    autern sapor? Uno eodemque
    verbo eerte
    certe ArJstoteles
    Aristoteles hic
    hie utitr
    utitur et

    uni eidemque rei
    causam accom~
    modat. Tu
    moda.t.
    modo substantiae,
    substa.ntiae. id est suco.
    SUCO, modo sapori, hoc est qualitati,
    G :ucausam unam eandemque attribuis. Sed forsan graeci vocabuli
    vocabul po~
    pote~
    statern utroque ferri eontendis.
    statem
    contends. At idem verbum eadem de re
    centies 30
    dietum
    dctum idem semper significat,
    signifieat, nisi
    is tua mirabilis pudentia,
    pmdentia, si
    S1 de stellis
    38 tractaretur canisque saepius nominaretur,
    nominaretr, nunc
    nune stellam, nune
    c animal
    anima!
    B
    quadrupes, nune
    quadrupes.
    c piscem quendam intelligendum variat.
    Non vereris
    tales ineptias atque adeo vomitus, quasiAristoteles scripserit,
    scpsert, in medium
    medm
    reponere ? An
    credis ceteros quoque homines
    homnes laudatorum tuomm
    oum 36
    gustum hahere?
    habere? Nimium erras.
    erras, mmi
    mh crede. Cito enim
    m olfa.cient
    olfacient omnes,
    quam foeteant eructationes
    eruetationes tuae, quam mortiferos exhalent singu1tus,
    singultus,
    quam pestlentes
    pestilentes sint vomitus. Quare non
    ceteris,
    ceters, sed tuis has putre~
    dines
    dnes praepara. Illis
    Ills hanc
    hane mensam appone. Illis
    Ills haec offeras
    oflerns fercula.
    His
    !; cibariis
    cibaris reple. Illis
    Ills boc alimento
    a!imento vaIetudinem,
    valetudinern, quam merentur,.ro
    merentur,.o
    restitue.
    Non enim bomnibus,
    bominibus, sed naturae
    natrae hominum corruptoribus,
    qui
    < nasum in
    n adolescentulorum elunibus
    clunibus die noctuque confricare solent,
    suavissimum
    suavi.ssmum hi tui
    vomitus reddunt odorem.
    odorern.
    Y

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAJd.


    GAZJf.

    313

    Sed non
    erit finis, si non
    dico errata, quae aut minutiora sunt
    5unt 28, I
    aut certe rariora.
    ranora. Sed depravationes eas, quae funditus
    lunditus rem universam
    evertunt, singulas persequemur. Nhil
    Nihil enim est integre,
    Jntegre, fideliter. scite
    seite ab
    eo dictum. nihil
    hil non
    depravate. non
    ignoranter. non quasi ab homine
    liinsensato
    Iinsensato traductum. In
    nullo sensus
    senSU5 philosophi servatur.
    seratur. Omnia longe
    distrahuntur.
    distrahufJtur. Nec verisimile aliquid aut rebus ac veritati, quamvis G 34
    allo
    saltem propinquum exponitur. Quare si unum vd alterumB 38
    falsum, sa.ltem
    addemus, finem de infinita
    JnfJnita huius hominis dementia faciemus.
    problema pofJitur
    ponitur ab Aristotele: ~
    Vigesimum particulae quartae probIema
    10.Quamobrem ixiae faciunt, ne generent,
    gene:rent, qui eas patiuntur
    patiuntur?1. Has ixias
    Was
    etiam in hoc volwnine alibi nominatas et in
    n libris de anirnalibus saepius
    aliter alii capiunt. ;
    Nos genus apostematis esse genitali spiritu et
    ! materia
    spermatica
    5pennatica ad verteb:ra
    vertebra lumbos ceterasque partes renibus ac fernoribus
    conversa in
    n marginaIibus
    ma.rginalibus scholiis
    scholis diXimU5.
    diximus. Sic enim
    et
    rationes
    vicinas conversa.
    15 phiIosophi
    philosophi aperte docent, et
    vis verbi
    erbi significat. Ixia enim graece non

    tibias. non
    pedes. non inferiores
    5 artes,
    partes, sed quae lumbos et vertebra
    obtant
    obeant atque complectantur, signifiC'lt.
    signifie>t. Contra Cages
    Gages varices inte1'
    pretatus est. Quis
    !> ferret tarn
    an alienam a veritate rem phlosopho,
    philosopho, quasi
    sic ipse dixerit, inique attributam. Si certe in
    n margine de varicibus
    2() dici existimare se ascripsisset, nemo posset perperam id factum arguere.
    Licet enim
    unicuique sine
    alterius iniuria,
    iniura, quae credit vera esse, etiamsi
    etamsi
    non
    sint.
    sinto depromere. Aristoteli autem ac veritati rerum alam
    palam detrahere,
    id
    jd nemo, nemo umquam, 0 Cages,
    Gages, aequo animo patietur.Cur.
    CU1'. inquit,
    nquit,
    gignendi facultas ii9
    iis tollitur, qui a varicibus
    aricibus tenentur . Et
    ! in (XXXVII.
    25 part. IV.):
    .): .cur
    C spadones, inquit. vel
    omnino
    rn varicibus vaca.nt
    vacant vel minus B
    39
    habent 1.
    ? Et
    in ca]ce
    calce huius: tTalis
    tTals autem
    autern est puer et mulier,
    muler, quorum
    neutrum varices
    va.rices habere consuevit. Praeterquam si
    5 mulier, raro.t
    ra.ro.t Prae- G 36
    3
    tereo singulorurn
    sernpe:r alienam arebus
    a rebus verbororn
    verborom potestatern.
    potestatem. Gigni
    singulorum sempe:r
    enim
    enm allenius
    atque generalius est, quam res flagitet. Nec facultas de in30sita
    30Sta rerum vi
    i ac naturali, sed de tops
    !> dicitur externisque
    exteIisque rebus.
    ebus. Ne<:
    tentigo. sed mentula emarcescit. Et tpraeterquam si muHer,
    rnuler, rarOf dicendi
    modus, raeterquam
    praeterquam quod historicus est.
    e5t. ve:ritati
    verHaU etiam propter dubitationem imrnixtam
    immixtam vehementer repugnat. lunioribus haec hisque
    bsque
    similia praetermittantur. Rebus enim ipsis praecipue. non
    verbis feren3Ii
    3ti dam a nobis opem
    opern censemus. Quid ai5
    ais Cages? Naturalis generandi
    virtus tollitur varicosis? At C. Marius muJtique
    multique a1ii
    alii et
    va.ricosi
    arc; erant
    ut pbHophiloet filios eJC
    J( se ipsis generabant. At omnibus ixiosis tentigo. !
    sophus ait,
    a1t, non
    accidit. Varicosis, si sci.re cupis.
    <::upis. quam saepius accidat,
    aut periculum in te facito aut a bucinatoribus tuis,
    tUS, qui pericuIum
    periculum
    11\
    :; 1:1<;"
    ,,;,. G

    ""te.' G
    ....""=

    b.
    i.o
    ... B

    I 2S (XXXVII.
    <lI. part. IV.) G B
    t.<... _

    I 27 ......tnnn
    tnn B

    1&''''''; [

    10 A~ht.
    J.t. Probi."
    Pobl.a' 20. 878b.l6.
    878b. 36. Atd:..t
    Atcl:..t CI!
    ta
    ! ..
    .. ,, .....
    ':';
    .:.; _;(0""",,
    _;to""",, >o.6oucn
    oucn je''''''; [
    23 Th~od- Prob!.
    PobJ. IV
    20
    20....
    ,,2'
    2, b . I 211. 26 Tbood.
    Tbeod. ProbJ.
    Prob!. X
    37.
    l7. 4l
    43 .. b.

    31.

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII
    TRP!;:ZNTII

    fecerunt, diligentius
    dlgentius quaerito.
    Non vides sa1tem
    saltern rationem
    raUonem a philosopbo
    philosophO
    tQuonam, ait, ixia
    xa trans1ato
    translato spiritu
    spitu fit genitali videlicet, -de
    .redditam. tQuoniam,
    boc enim
    in pIane
    plane loquitur - quo
    qua translato mentulae quoque tentigo
    tentgo
    prostemitur. Multa sane
    prO!itemitur.
    satte a medicis de varicum causis soJent tra.ctari.
    tractari.
    B
    31r"
    ag Quiseo.rum umquam genitali.s
    genitalis spiritus translationi causam dedit ? Nemo, Ii
    nemo
    poJ'Sus.
    pTOJ'SUS. Nam amnes
    ornnes ore
    uno voceque una clamant itinera longa
    l
    et continua, cursus vehementiores ac
    ae crebriores,
    crebri~. onera hurneris nec
    G 36" parva et .saepe
    5aepe ac diu sustentata
    5ustentata exsistendi varices
    varces causam
    caU$3.m esse. His
    enim
    in et
    venae tibiarum pressae ampliantur
    ampIantur et sanguis ad inferiora
    depe1litur. 1ta sanguine. non
    genitali
    gentali spiritu, sicut
    sieut tu fingis et
    ! Aristote-l0
    lern in crimen atque mendacium vocitas, varices non
    lem
    iuxta genitalia
    membra, sed in tibiis,
    tbiis, nec
    ut pustulae. sed
    5ed sanguine. sicut
    sieut d.iximus,
    diximus,
    venis e1atis sincero
    sinceo intumescunt.

    Dicet (orsan
    lorsa.n quispiam
    quispia.m ipso
    so Cage non doctior bciae vocabulum
    nonnumquam pro varice poni. Vide, quantum sic verba fundenti attriattri-16
    16
    buo. Sit
    5 verum, quod dicitur.
    dieitur. Scribatur ixia
    etiam
    etam pro varice, nec
    ne-c
    ab imperitis,
    mperit.s, sed a doctissimis
    doct.ssimis atque pertissim.s
    peritissimis GTaecis.
    Gaecis. An
    ob hoc,
    o Cagulei, quoniam a peritissimis canem
    pro quadam fulgente stella
    stel1a
    scriptum invenietis,
    inveniet.s, quandocumque forte canem audietis, stellam dici
    d.ici
    putabit.s?
    putabitis? 0 fanatioos homines, immo insensatas potius beluas IJ
    Nam si 20
    quiequam hominis praeter figuram haherent, viderent profecto verba
    quicquam
    rebus accomrnodanda esse, non
    TeS
    res verbis.
    Ixiosos fieri tam
    tarn spadones
    spa.dones quam mulieres negat Aristoteles.
    ArstoteIes. Per

    pulchre id traducit Cages.


    Non irrideo. Perp\llchre
    Perpulehre namque id mihi
    B
    40 factum videtur. Quod sic
    sie factum est, ut totum auctorem
    auetorem suum oboleat, 26
    ut Te
    re tale sit,
    5it, qualis auctor,
    auetoT, ut hinc
    hine res.
    res, inde nomen in unum coacta
    coaeta
    eonveniant.
    conveniant. Quid igitur
    g Cages et spadones et mulieres negari ab Aristotele scribit varicosos fieri solere
    solee?? Furoris
    Furor.s sane omnia.
    omnia, quae dieit,
    d.icit. plena
    G 36 sunt adeo, ut me
    rne quaque
    quque in
    furorem
    fUTorem vertant.
    vertant, cum
    eurn de ipsis
    psis eogitem
    cogitem
    atque scribam.
    scrbam. Ne<:
    Nec enim reperio verba.
    verba, quae tantae amentiae
    amentae furorique 30
    congruant. Spadones
    5padones et mulieres varioosi natura fieri nequeunt. Spa.
    dones CUT?
    cur? Sanguinem non
    habent? At magis ipso abundant ixiosi quam
    antea. Venis earent?
    carent? Dici non
    potest. Itineribus.
    Itineribus, eursibus
    cursibus oneribusque
    non
    conquassantur?
    Non minus sane quam ceteri. Cur ergo.
    ergo, si causae
    omnes ita in
    ipsis sicut
    sieut in
    aliis ooncurrere
    oonellrrere posse inveniuntur, effectus35
    quoque
    eoneurrent
    concurrent ? Hae-c
    muIeribus scribi
    qlloque similiter non
    Haec eadem de mulieriblls
    possent, nisi
    menstruorum
    menstrllorum defluxus varicibus esset impedimento. Sed
    si menstruus retinetur
    retinetuT sangui5.
    sanguis, multo faeilius
    faclius quam in viris
    ris varices
    in mulieribus extoIlentur.
    extollentur.

    Unde igitur bae pro:ii&iosa.e


    prodi&iosae Cagem fieHones
    fctones invaserunt, unde 40

    portenta haec
    haee innata sunt sibi? Unde animo varicosus
    varicoslls adeo factus
    lactus
    bundant G habuDdant
    20 btluu] belluu G B
    I 32 a bu"dant
    h.bu"dant B

    2 AriU.
    .. . Prot:I
    1I8b, 37 sq. fj
    i) tl.
    y(v:..... ~t<>o;
    Prol:l .' ao. 1178b,
    fl 6>n
    ~t.. ytvt:
    ~\>'t<Io;

    .-(,T'O(i.
    '-<'jAT'O(i.

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.

    31'

    est, ut omnes, qui acciderunt hominibus umquam aut accidunt aut


    accident, varices
    vaces tumore animi superarit.
    Non enim
    enm tantum in pedes
    insurgere illi solid
    sol sunt, quantum ipse in
    veritatem.
    vetatem. Sed non est huius
    temporis, unde facta sint haec omnia, quaerere. Non enim
    enm in Cagem B
    40
    4QY
    Ii nec
    nee in compliees
    complces suos invectivas
    nvectivas conscribimus,
    conscribmus, sed iniuriam a nobis
    lieet, et Aristotelem ac
    ae veritatem simul
    smul
    propuIsa.mus, quod omnibus licet,
    defendimus.
    Sed quintae
    quntae quoque particu1ae
    partieulae XXXI.
    . eonsideremus,
    consideremus, ubi quaerit 29t I
    Aristoteles: .Quare
    tQuare qui phthisim patiuntur et lassi labore, praeparati
    10ad
    lOad poUutionem in somno sunt?,
    sunt? At Cages: .cur, 1oqu!t,
    inquit, genitura in
    somnis Hs
    i! profluere solet, qui aut a 1abore
    labore lassescunt
    Iassescunt aut tabe consumun- G 36
    tur?_
    Non intelligo
    inteIlgo equidem, quomodo genitura profluere 1assis
    1assS soleat.
    Genituram enim
    enm sic dici latine sdo,
    scio, ut naturam, ut feturam, ut, si
    quis
    vult, generaturam. Sed arebus
    eoniicio pro spennate
    US ita vu1t,
    a rebus ipsis coniicio
    spenate
    15hominis
    is
    t5hom1ois ipsum genituram cepisse. Sit sane Latinis lex, aut potius Hs
    solum, quibus scripta Cagis
    Cags 1atina
    latina videntur, quicquid
    quiequid Cages egesserit.
    Profluere vero solitam
    soltam esse genituram eur
    cur dixit?
    dixlt? Longe namque aliud
    allud
    hoc est, quam esse ad poIlutionem
    pollutionem praeparatos.
    Non enim semper a
    praeparato solet profluere. Nam quis nescit praeparatos nos esse ad
    20 multa saepe, quae nobis non
    accidunt?
    aeeidunt?
    Magoi ab omnibus ingenii Aristoteles fuisse iudicatus est, multos-t
    Magni
    multos-I
    que praec1aros viros scripta eius a natura ipsa dictitata
    dicttata putasse memoriae
    proditum est. Hanc
    Hane iaudem
    laudem illud
    i11ud potissi.mum
    potissimum et eomparavit,
    comparavit, quod
    cautissime, hoc est proprie vereque adeo loquatur, ut nonnisi
    nonnis! naturaB "1
    41
    2Ii
    2 ipsa de naturalibus
    naturalbus loqui rebus videatur. De
    Oe quacumque
    quaeumque re scribit,
    verbis protinus ipsis percipitur. Actune, an potent.a
    potentia rem putet esse,
    qua de loquitur, utrum in genere, an in
    nparte
    parte proferat,
    proferat,habeaturperse.
    habeatur per se.
    an per accidens, non
    1atet.
    latet. Primumne ut sit, an non,
    , perspicitur.
    perspieitur. Nhilque
    Nihilque
    penitus, quod ad rem recte
    reete inteIIigendam
    intelligendam pertinet, praetermittitur sicut
    8Ohic.
    BOhie.tQuare,
    Quare, inquit, lassh,
    lassi., et quoniam lassitudo multis accidere
    aeeidere modis
    $Oleat,
    soleat, .labore_
    _labore. addidit.
    addidit ._Quareque,
    Quareque, inquit, Iassi
    Jassi labore homines praepaati
    parati ad pollutionem in somno sunt 1_
    Cages autem quasi phlosophiam
    philosophiam et gloriam eius e memoria homi-,
    num
    evellere velit,
    velt, nullo ip3um
    ipsum sequitur acto,
    paeto, sed euneta
    cuncta eonluse,
    confuse, G 37
    3/i indistincte
    indistinete ac
    ae in alium redacta sensum pervertit. Nam pri.mum
    primum hic
    praeparationem hanc
    hane omnino abolevit. Deinde pollutionis verbo reiecto
    teUf genitura,
    gentura, inquit, profluere soleh,
    solet., et sic a pollutione ad seminis
    semins
    profluentiam rem penitus diversam sensum transtulit.
    transtult. Nam pollutio
    est seminis
    semns in momento temporis per saltum
    saItum exitus summa eum
    cum volup.0
    . tate atque tentigine
    tentgine sola coitus imaginatione. Profluentia vero seminis
    9 phthio,m
    phtldm G
    phthi"m B

    t 27

    b_t>e
    t<lr G h_betur
    I 3~ HDSUm
    _ m G ..,n.""m
    ",n'llom B

    bat>e .. t"r
    babetur B

    8 Arht.
    AriH. Prob!..'
    ProbI ' ]1.884_.
    . n ~ovc"",,><
    toc"....... o(
    >........","" ....
    ]1. 884 a. 6~. 40.
    ot .I
    .t....
    ..~ "I........tO"'""
    ""I1
    &....",",,;
    if'&
    ......."'""; t 10 Th..od.
    Tb..od. Probl.
    Prob!. V
    V ]t
    Jt . 4~8 b.

    GEORGII TRAPEZ!JNTII
    TRPEZNTII

    316

    est ipsius
    ipsiUS seminis exitus longiore
    IOlgiore fiuentis
    Uuentis tempore
    tempoe absque saltu, absque
    a,bsque
    B.l
    . y
    tentigine. absque Ia
    ulla omnino voluptate nec per coiturn nec per cogi~
    tationem coitus. Haec quam diversa sint, quis praeter Cagem et lau
    datores eius non
    viderit?

    Sie traducendus Aristoteles est,


    Sic
    e5t, 0 bo
    boni viri
    viei vos,
    !;, ne
    : puerorum seduc- 5
    tores appelIem
    appellem I Tantane vobis fanatica ex puerorum seductione confidentia
    fidenta adoluit, !
    ut viros quoque ad ineptum intelligendarum
    intellgendarum reTUrn
    rerum
    sensum seducere atque trnnsferre credideritis? Cur hanc
    hane naturae
    pugnam indixistis ? Cur eam
    earn omni
    studio pesequimini
    peJ"Sequimini ?? Cur
    CUf non
    smitis,
    sinitis,
    quantum in
    vobis est, rectis secreta
    seereta ipsius traductionibus inteUigi
    nteUigi ? 10
    Atqui vos et naturae homines estis. Ipsa enim vos
    !> parentibus vestris
    quasi organis m;a
    usa genuit? Quare ad similes actus ipsi pebere
    prachere vos
    !> debeti5 ? Cur eam
    tis
    earn distrahitis? Cur violatis
    violats ?
    ? Cur in tenebras ignorantiae
    ignora.ntae
    intruditis?
    30, I
    Prosequamur eetera
    cetera in
    hoc p{oblemate
    omna; lli
    Ii
    problemate Cagis vitia.
    Non omnia;
    nemini enim ea vis dicendi, nemini s ic
    ie longa
    tonga vivendi spatia, id flumen
    G 37 ingenii dari mea quidem sententia
    sententa potest,
    ut omnes sicarii traductionum
    traduetionum
    ineptias {ecense{e
    Plu{es namque in
    eis fere sunt quam syUabae.
    recensere possit. Plures

    Non extoIlo
    extollo {em,
    rem, sed iudicium expono meum. lurare
    Iurare persancte
    persanete possum
    plura me in volumine problematum
    problernaturn intollerabilia esse Cagis conlicere20
    conlieere20
    of2 vitia, quam verba sunt. Nam verbis nonnumquam singulis vitia multa
    B
    insunt, verbaque omnia
    omni.a sunt arebus
    a rebus remotissima, quae p:osequi
    prosequi omnino infinitum est.
    Opus enim est verborum antea vim onmem
    omnem explanare, deinde
    I
    videre,
    idere, quid Cages in singulis interpretatur, - verum ut, quale id sit,2Ii
    inteIligatur,
    gravabimur - etiam ad ipsorum Caguleorum
    Caguleo:um erudiintelligatu.r, non
    tionem verbum unum, quaIe
    quale sit et quomodo rebus ab ipso accommodaaecommodatur,
    u, eonsiderare.
    considerare. Lassescunt inehoandi
    inchoand.i verbum est. Haec ve{ba
    verba non

    incipiendi solum
    som potestatem
    potestatern habent, nec vehementiam tantum
    tanturn significant.
    f. Sed, eum
    cum ut{umque
    utrurnque modo
    rnodo ha bent quodam,
    quodarn, plerque
    plerique alterius eis 30
    attribuentes falluntur.
    falluntu.r. Intendi enim rem
    rern eam,
    earn, quae significatur, ostendunt. Nhil
    Nihil
    porro intenditur,
    intenditu, quod non
    ineeperit.
    nceperit . Hinc
    Hine fit,
    ut principium
    quoque rei ostendere videantur.
    ideantur. Nam
    Narn cum
    eurn intentio progressus sit ad
    maiora,
    rnaiora, necesse est,
    ut principium
    principiurn incrementi
    inerernenti aliquid capias. Aliter
    enim ne intelli,gi
    ntelli,gi quidem incrementum potest atque progressus. Declarat 35
    36
    id Mercurius
    Mereurius apud Plautum in
    A1cumena.
    Aleumena. Nam
    Narn eum
    cum lovern
    Iovem abeundi
    esse tempusmoneret
    ternpusmoneret : tLucescit.,
    tLucescih, inqult.
    inquit. Et
    pauIo
    paulo post: .Lucescit.
    .Lueescit. Eamus
    Earnus
    G 38 bitte..
    hincc. Deinde lucescit. Et
    parvo temporis lapso intervallo rursus inquit:
    .Lucescit. Ita ostendit a prima posse aurora w;que
    usque ad ortum
    O{tum solis
    sols hoc
    .2'"ve{bum dici.
    am sole. em
    B'"verbum
    diei. Intenditur enim
    enirn semper !ux
    lux oriente vero iam
    Nemo40
    recte dicet lucescit,
    lueescit, sed lucem
    lucern iam
    am esse absolute aut iam illuxisse. Id
    18 .yU.bae
    ayUabae G aillabae
    ai!labae B
    J 19 ""'toUo
    utollo G eootollo
    etollo B
    I 33 ;ntentio
    intentio G ;ntenaio
    intenaio B

    $7
    $ Plaut.
    .". Amph.
    mph. 543.

    ADVERS!JS THEODORUM
    ADVERSUS
    THEOOORUM GAZAM.

    317

    ipsum
    usus etiam
    etam auctorum frequens declarat.
    Non enim nisi a verbis.
    verbS.
    quorum potestas, id est .res significata, intendi
    ntendi natura potest, haec
    haee
    ab eis
    eS verba derivantur. Calor, frigus, farnes,
    fames, albedo, tremor, lassitudo,
    amor, macredo, graeilitas
    graclitas inerementum
    ncrementum recipiunt. Quamobrem
    Quarnobrem recte
    5 dicitur
    dieitur gracilisoo,
    graeilisco, macresco, amasco,
    amasoo, lassesco,
    lasseseo, tremisco,
    tremsco, albesco, farnesco,
    famesco,
    frigesco, calesco.
    caleseo. At lege.re, audire, manere, accipere, tenere, arma.re,
    censere, possdere
    inchoeensere,
    possidere intendi natura nequeunt. Ideo forma carent inehoandi,
    Md, quae rem illam significat, quam repugnante natura minime
    mnme
    suscipiunt. Haec de inchoandi
    inchoand verbonun
    verbonm fonna prn.elibasse
    praelibasse satis
    satS sit.
    10
    Nune videamus, quam longe arebus,
    Nunc
    a rebus, de quibus traetatur,lassescendi.
    tractatur,lassescend.
    abest verbi potestas. Nemo est, qui nesciat asinos, molos,
    ms, equos, si
    requiescere a lassitudine
    lassitudne laboreque incipiant,
    incipant, confestim er4:"ere.
    eriere. Id
    requieseere
    hominibus quoque aeddit.
    accidit. Qua.re
    Quare eum
    cum ad somnum pro1abimur
    prolabimur propter
    liquefaetionem
    liquefactonem et motum, sicut
    sieut philosophus ait,
    , - longum enim est
    15 umna
    umnia laHus
    latus enodare - phantasmatibus motis accedit ad tentiginem
    tentginem
    coi!undi
    coi!und imaginatio, qua fit,
    ,
    ut Sperma
    sperma magno impetu et voluptate
    proslat.
    prosiliat. Id accidere lassescentibus minime potest. Illi enim lassescunt
    lasseseunt
    ~labore, in
    n quibus labor et
    ct lassitudo adhuc
    adhue et continuatur et
    crescit,
    Quorum alterum praesens
    pracsens in
    verbis possidet tempus, alterum inchoandi
    nchoand
    20 fonna necessa.rio
    hoc neseit,
    nescit, cur

    necessario retinet. Cages si


    CUT philosophum non
    sequitur? Cur, quod ille praeterito, iste praesenti verbo expressit?
    Deinde, quomodo labor et lassitudo continue
    con in somnis crescit?
    cre5Cit? eur
    Cur
    enimait: qui labore 1assescW\t
    lasscscmlt in
    n somnis? Si adhuc
    adhue laborantes lassescunt,
    Jassescunt,
    donniunt. Sin
    sn donniunt, non lassescunt, sed requiescunt
    requescunt . Deinde,
    Dende,
    non
    25 si lassescunt, quomod.o
    quomodo erigunt?
    erigont? I d enim
    enm quieti, quae labore succedit,
    ipsi
    labori evenire solere perieulum
    periculum. et in
    nobis et in
    n brutis quotidie
    quoticlie
    non
    erigunt,
    ergunt, quomodo ex ipsis
    pS semen eum
    cum vOluptate
    l
    facimus. Quodsi non
    tentiprosilit? Sed si profluentiam seminis, quae sine
    voluptate
    oluptate atque tenti
    gine
    gn fit,
    , intelligit,
    intelligt, sciat
    seiat eam
    earn in
    n somnis quidem forte magis,
    mags, in
    n vigilia
    30 vero non
    rarius ae<:idcre.
    a:dere. Adde, quod verbo graeco seminis eruptio,
    quae per $Omnium
    somn.ium fit, significatur.
    Sed quid facio ? Facilius
    Faeilius mihi erit arenam maris, caelorum stellas, ~
    frondes arborum quam ineptias
    ineptas Cagis enumerare, quae aut in
    compon collatione rerum aut in
    n singulis verbis rebusque
    sitione verborum aut in
    $ singulis
    sings aut in
    n accommo<iatione
    accommodatione verborum ad pondera
    pondern rerum turpiter
    ab eo atque ignominiose committuntur.
    conmittuntur. Verba semper nova
    quaerit.B 43contemnit trita, subtrahit, a,ddit, mutat, pervertit. confunditque
    confundtque ollUlia,
    onmia,
    quod unico solum declarare verbo sat erit.
    G 39
    Passionem membrorum, quam sicco
    scco frigere
    frigore liefi
    iieri philosophus testa-.
    '4> tur, siderationem vocat. Verbum inauditum. fictum. Unde nescio, nisi
    ns
    forte a duro ferreo insensatoque corde fingentis
    fngentis . Id scio
    seio eam passionem
    certissimo latine verbo rigorem appellari. Quis
    s non
    legit apud historicos
    saepius rigentibus membris nequivisse milites anna capere? Quis
    Qus nO

    g:.
    !!.

    318

    GEORGIl
    GEORGI1 TRAPEZUNTII

    audivit illud Vergil:


    Vergili: tderiguit
    deriguit visu in
    l1 medio, calor ossa reliquit?
    eliqut ? Quis
    clementiam Alexandri apud Quintum
    Qu.intum Curtium non
    admiratus est, cum
    fri80re paene confectum militem in
    n Slla
    sua sede collo.:asset? At ibi
    ihi et
    rigore, quod buius
    bulus Tel
    roum
    proprium verbum est, et communius stupere et
    torpere membra frigore dicuntur.
    dcuntur. Cages VetO
    ubi siderationem didicerit, 6
    invenio,
    nveno, nisi
    si lorte
    Iorte ab erucis
    erueis herbarumque vermi
    nescio. Ubi reperit. non
    bus acceperit. Namque vel apud alios integra
    Integra inveniuntur. Integra
    dioo,
    doo, quoniam ipse mutilata semper aut producta et quasi protensa
    vel transformata plerumque ponit. Quae
    Qae igitur ab ams
    Qliis integra
    ntegra surnun
    tur, ea longe in
    aliurn
    l sensum ab ipso rapiuntur.
    10

    Celsus tubercula solus


    soIus nominavit, quae Graed
    Grae<:i condylomata
    condylomaa dicunt.
    B
    44 Quo verbo multi Latino:rum usi sunt.
    '. Qut
    de verbis scribunt, condylomata esse asserunt quasi
    qUa.!ii glandulas, quae sub eute
    cute duro humore collecto
    sustolluntur. Id ComeIius
    Comelius quoque in cura ostendit, cum
    curn excidenda esse
    G 39 tubercula radicitus consulat. At
    Cages spreto auctore, unde id vocabulum 11\
    111
    mutuatus est, pro omni tumore ac ulceribus ipsis plerumque capit.
    Nam ulcera, quae in corpore col1iguntur
    colliguntur propter sudores extollunturque
    passim, ea etiam tubercula nominat. Quae tamen
    tarnen exulcerari Aristotelem..
    hoc secutus vel invitus asserit. Ulcera
    Ucera ergo esse coactus fatetur illa,
    in
    de quibus philosopho sermo est. Nec enim
    enirn exulcerari nisi
    S u1cera
    ulcera recte 20
    dixeris.
    dixerS. Tubercula vero,id est gIandulae,
    glandulae, aut numquam aut ra.ro
    raro exulcerari solent. Cur ergo tubercu1a,
    tubercula, id est glandulas, pro ulceribus posuit?
    CUI? Quia omnia per ignorantiam
    Cux?
    gnorantiam penniscet atque contuxbat.
    contUIbat.
    1
    Multa
    Mu1ta huiusmodi sunt sicut exsitare pro comedere, refrigerare pro
    frigefacere, haesitas
    pro ba1bute,
    balbutie, igne confectum. quod assum est.25
    est,25
    colis pro mentula.
    mentula, stirpes pro arbustis, ro
    pro herbis,
    herbS,
    pro arboribus
    ro
    pro plantS
    plantis denique omnibus, quae apud ipsum vitam etiam agere
    quasi h
    homines
    omines dicuntur.
    dicuntUI. Bima, trima, lenticitas,
    lentcitas, lentores, arnula, plautra
    B
    44 multaque alia eructat mira vel din
    dia potius, virus
    rus pro spermate vel,
    ut
    ipse plerumque dicit, genitura. Sie
    Sic imperitus est, ut ipsum, sicuti credo, 30
    illud Vergilianum seduxerit: tdistillat ab inguine virust. Quo verbo
    po!!ta ille venenO$am
    venenosam rei vim ante ocu1os
    oculos ponere voluit. Sed de his
    bis
    hactenus.

    Cetera quattuor de quinque


    qunque membris clara
    cIara sunt. Nam et verba
    raro verbis
    verbS apte adhaerent, et res rebus plerumque repugnant, et sin- 35
    a5
    gulae
    gu1ae in se ipsas
    sas vacilant, ut plurimum
    plUIimum atque distrahuntUI.
    dStrabuntur. Nec rebus
    umquam paene verba congruunt, sed alio vis rerum, alio
    alo verborum
    potestas animum distrahit. Haec omnia
    oua ideo Caguleis
    Cagules eveniunt, quia
    G .opbjJosophum
    .ophjlosophum nec intelligunt nec saltern
    saltem verba eius sequi dignum arbi1 deriguit
    derigui unftn
    urif'n .... 04iJ.
    4J. d1rrIlJ"it
    dlrrIlJ"it G:a
    G I vJ.q
    J.q ~'e.
    ~'e .
    ,".
    11". vbv.m.
    m G B
    I
    ..npn ((t.'liI]
    .......... j] eodtanl
    e::dta G:a
    G I 2fI collio &&rifts>
    &ipS eolem
    c.olem G:a
    G
    1 Verg.
    Ver,. Aen.
    _ 111
    IU 303. I 11 Cel8.
    Cels. Med.
    . VII
    11
    $4.36). I 31 Ver,.
    Verg. Geor,
    Georg . III
    ..sI.
    ,,81.

    ~.

    :u exsitare
    exsitar..

    6 (M.
    (. Rd",.lb""
    RtdI",.Alb",. 11$3. 3
    Z3

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM


    .

    319

    trantur. Quod Si
    si vel
    l intelligenti
    intel1igent {pa.te>facere
    <pate>facere neeesse
    necesse est, - fit enim
    saepius
    turn propter brevitatem,
    brevitatern, tum
    turn propter rerum
    rerurn diffieultatern,
    dificultatem, tum
    turn
    propter verborum
    verborurn varias potestates atque rnultiplices,
    multiplces, ut sensus m~
    rnulti~
    plex esse videatur - multo quidem
    quidern magis
    rnagis ignoranti ae
    ac stulto.
    Ii
    Sed. dieendi
    dcendi hunc
    hune eursum
    cursum iam
    iarn retinearnus
    retineamus et aliquando
    a1iquando linern
    {nm nonal,
    3, 1
    Cagn1eis
    CagoIeis inepilis,
    ineptiis, quippe quae nullum
    nullurn habeant, sed nobis ipsis impona~
    mus. Satis iam superque
    5uperque omnia ex his, quae dicta sunt, Cagis vitia
    perspici posse confido, praesertim si
    5 quis diligentius ad traductionem
    nostram aut etiam ad veterem
    veterern conferat suam.
    suarn. Narn
    Nam quemadmodum
    10si
    10 ex
    maIe
    male materiato aedificio lapidem unum subtraxeris. omnia illico
    llico
    magno eum
    cum fragore deferuntur, ita si unum aliquid
    alquid ex
    translationibus B
    ~
    Cagis ad collationem
    collatonem revoces examenque cogas subire, universa proti.
    protiflUS
    nU5 videbis cO.ITUere.
    co.rnere . Id ille metuens et quidem vehementer fonnidans malitiosa
    maltiosa enim stultitia est - his verbis ab omni traductionum
    traduetionum coUa
    tione
    atque examine
    examne legentes
    Iegentes statim sie
    sic praefando deterret;
    lIi
    deterret: tTamen
    enores
    etlOteS et sorcles
    sordes istorum
    istorun interpretum adhuc
    adhue legitis atque defenditis,
    defendtis,
    qui tanti maU
    m causam dederunt. Non in ignem
    gnem proicitis,
    proiicitis, nonnul1a
    nonnulla
    potiusque eiusmodi
    eiusmod habere exempla vultis ? Cuius maU
    mal tam
    tarn ma,gni
    m:.gn
    causam prisci Aristotelis
    Aristote1is traductores
    traduetores dederunt 1.
    ? 0 pessime omniuml
    omnium I
    20 Tu has :reddis
    reddis gratias
    gratas illis. propter quos
    qu.os philosopha
    philosophia multo magis
    apud Latinos floruit - nec adhuc
    adhue penitus exstincta
    exstineta est - quam
    qu.am wn
    umquam apud Graecos.
    Si nihil
    h! illi traduxissent, essent Alberti, essent Scoti, essent Aegid,.
    APd,.
    esset Thomas, essent alii
    a1 quarn plures aut in
    phlosopha
    philosophia aut in theologia G
    4QY
    25 aut in
    n medicina praec1arissm.i
    praec1arissimi viri,
    , quorum scriptis naturae secreta,
    theologiae profunditas, medicinae varia,
    va.ra, multip!ex
    multiplex subtilisque ratio,
    quae ante illa.s
    illas t:raductiones
    traductiones omnia iacebant in tenebris, hominibus
    patuerunt ? Cmus
    Cuius Graecorum scripta
    5Cripta sie
    sic eopi05e
    copiose dilfunduntur. sie
    sic acute
    aeute
    absolvuntur. sie
    sic dilucide proferuntur sicut
    sieut Alberti, qui ba.c
    ba.e ipsa de re
    ao Magni solus
    soIus cognomen sibi eomparavit
    compa.ravit ? Armis
    MmS id multo
    muIto antea Philippi B
    4.Ii.
    A1exander obtinuit, deinde Gnaeus Pompeius non
    Ale.xander
    magis armis
    armS quam
    Romanorum gratia, postremo vita, moribus omnique catbolicae reHrel
    gionis sanctimonia Basilius, Ca.esariensis
    Ca.esariensS episcopus, cognitione atque
    atqu.e
    scientia rerum. Nemo adhuc
    adhue praeter Albertum id cognomen assecutus
    !\liest.
    :lliest. Tolle
    l interpretationes,
    interpretatones, quae ante nos fuerunt, nullus erit Albertus.
    A1bertus.
    Quis vel in theologia ordinatius copiosiusque ve1 super Aristote1em
    brevius, distinctius,
    distinetius, diIucidius
    dilucidus gracce wnquam scripsit, quam Thomas
    latine 1? Finge nullas ante nos
    os interpretationes Aristotelis
    ArStotelis fuisse, ubi
    tibi essent scripta, praecepta , inventa Thomae ? Ubi ceterorum. ne
    ",olongior
    .. longior sim, volumina rebus eopiosa,
    copwsa, numero paene infinita., sc.ientia
    scientia
    naturae manu scripta, ore
    prolata, corde cogitata inventaque ? Harwn
    29dilucldel di1Iucido
    29dil"clde]
    dilIucide G B
    131
    31 Pompeiua]
    Poa:peiua] PompeU8
    Pompeua G B
    137
    37 dllucidiUll]
    dll"cidiu] dillucidi",
    dillucidiu, GB

    15 Theod. Prob!. Pra6f.

    CEORCIl
    CEORCI1 'l'RAPEZUNTll
    'l'RAPEZUNTl1

    interpretes, 0 Cagulei. Ras


    rerum omnium causam priores dederunt interpretes.
    Has n:s
    tarn grandes.
    grandes, tam
    tarn utiles,
    utlles, tam
    tarn gloriosas nisi doleretis Latinis per intertam
    pretanenta
    pretamenta veterum
    veterurn exstitisse.
    exstitisse, non
    excLama.retis
    exelamaretis melius fllisse
    fnisse nuUa
    G 41 quam huiusmodi exempla ipsos habnisse.
    hab"isse. Nam nisi habll;SS'lnt,
    hablli~nt, njbil
    njbl
    profecto scissent. Hac de causa ergo doletis, cruciamini,
    crucia.mni, ferre
    Iee non
    pote- 6

    stis, sed dicitis, scribitis, praedicatis: 0 utina.m


    stis.
    utinam nulla philOSQphiae
    philosophiae
    Latini
    Latni habuissent exempIa!
    exempla! Quia non
    videtis ipsos in
    magna.s
    magnas ignorantiae
    ignorantae
    B
    46 tenebras et exsecrabilem servitutis
    sevitutis calamitatem veluti genus nostrum
    nostum
    nlisse.
    roisse.

    opnione10
    Non ignoro equidem et Ca.gem
    Cagem et omnes Gra.ecos.
    Gra.ecos, qui sua opinionelO
    vel .lta
    ultra caelos elati
    elat; plurS
    pluris se !aciunt
    laciunt eeteris
    ceteris simul
    smui onmibus,
    omibus, nimium
    nmium
    angi stimulisque
    stmulisque tum
    turn invidiae, tum ingratitudinis eruciari,
    cruciari, quod Latinos
    videant doctrina rerum,
    ren..m, m~ eivitatibus,
    civitatibus, annis, divits,
    divittis, dignitate
    dgnitate
    auetoritateque plurimum valere. Certiorque sum.
    auctoritateque
    sum, si possent, omnia
    ha.ee in peius
    ha.ec
    peins versuros, quam modo
    mod res Graecorum
    Graecom radicitus a Turcis 15
    eversae
    evesae iacent. Id non
    dicerem, nisi Cages scriptis suis praedicaet.
    praedicaret. Ne
    Nec
    enim tantum potuit in Latinos furorem
    furorern retinere. ExclamIIot
    Exclama,t melius
    rnelius esse
    nulla
    la philosophiae hahere
    habere quam eiusmodi exempla, cuiusmodi ad hos
    ~s a priscis edita sunt. Aegre fert, quia non
    citiu.s
    citius in
    n ignem
    gnem nte~
    inte~
    petamenta
    pretamenta priscorum proiciuntur.
    proiiciuntur. At his
    bis tunc
    tune sublatis scientia offinis
    omnis 20
    tollitur. A1ia
    AHa enim
    enm non
    erant. Et hoc est, quod optat . Melius esat,
    e.rat,
    inquit, nihil babere quam buiusmodi habere . Scientia vero sublata
    sub1ata
    cetera quoque propter ignorantiam facHe vaciJ!abunt.
    vaciJlabunt. Quare si, quanturn in eo est, cognitionem rerum a Latinis subripit, non
    tum
    est dubium,
    dubim,
    G 41 quin potentiam
    potenHam etiam,
    etam, si posset, alio deriva.ret. Cur a,utem
    autern ausus est 25
    tantam rem tam
    tarn aperte scribere? An
    acerrimos od
    odi atque
    a.tque invjdiae
    nidiae
    stimulos
    stmulos celare non
    potuit? Credo, quia stultus
    stuUus est. An eversurum
    evesur.m
    B
    "" omnia
    omma se posse sperat, quod aliquem
    a1iquem na.ncisci
    nancisci ex levitate
    leVtate sperat.
    sperat, qui
    possit?
    Non est meum id quaerere. Coniiciant, quorum
    quom interest.
    ,
    .Nullas
    tNuiias ma1as
    malas traductiones (melius) quam priscas
    priscaSt Latinos hortatur. 30
    Estne inter
    inte nullum et aliquid
    alquid proportio?
    proportio ? Melius est nihilhahere,
    nihilhabere, inquiet,
    quam malum
    rnalum aliquod habere. Suntne ma1ae
    malae translationes et ipso
    pso nihilo
    hilo
    praestantes philosophos, tot theologos
    theologas sanctos,
    sanetos, tot
    peiores, quae tot raestantes
    excellentes medicos peperer.nt?
    exceJlentes
    pepererunt? Sed omni
    carent, inquies,
    inques, omamento.
    ornamento.
    Quid tu verborum ornamentum dicendique crepitus rebus anteponis? S5
    .Philosophus, inquit Cicero.
    .PhilOSQphus,
    Cicero, si affert
    alfert eloquentia.m,
    eWquentia.m, non
    aspernor.
    aspemor. Si
    51
    non affert, non
    requiro. Re mihi satisfadat
    satisfaciat . Quantwn
    Quantum porro iuniores
    rerum
    rerm scriptores satisfecerunt,
    satisfeeerunt, res ipsa,
    sa, ut diximus,
    dixmus, clamat, et nos
    os
    oeulis
    ocis ipsis cernimus.
    cerninus.
    Non vix singulos
    singu10s in singulis regionibus tollerandos
    2 srandea
    a.ndea C g
    I ...... dio
    di B
    I 90 ma1
    m~ G ma.t
    ma... 8
    I pritcu
    pricu B
    ~ G I 33
    p .......
    wtante.
    .-t.nte. G puestaan.
    puenaam B
    I 34t ""ulleo.t
    ""u1let .. C _u1leatia
    _ulleatia B

    Prob!. P:raef.
    P:rW. I 36 Ci".
    Cie. Oe
    21 Th .. od. Probl.
    De fut.
    fu. I

    tj.

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.


    ADVER$U$

    3'.l1
    3'.!1

    philosophos, ut olim
    olm in Graecia, sed singuIas
    singulas urbes, immo
    mo ca.stella
    singulosque
    singosque religiosorum hominum conventus dialecticis, philosophis,
    theologis nulla in re priscae Graeciae cedentibus referto. Illud quoque
    in tertio de finibus aa, Cicerone SCfiptum
    sc:riptum adversus te mitat
    mlitat.. .emne,
    tOmne,
    6 inquit, quod de ce
    re bona dilucide dicitur,
    d.icitur, mihi
    nih praeclare dici videtur.
    idetur.
    Istiusmodi autem res dicere ornate velle puerile est. Plane
    P1ane vero
    vetO et
    perspicue expedite
    e"pedre posse docH
    doct et intelligentis viri.t
    . Audisti?
    Audisti ? Si in
    philosopha.
    philosophia morali
    rnoraJ puerile est omatui verborum nimio invigilare,
    inigilare, quid 0
    42
    na.turali
    naturali hoc ipsum magis quamB 47
    pueriliu:; erit, addo, et turpius, quam in
    10 res inse<:tari? Quodsi puerIe
    puerile hoc Ciceroni videtur,
    idetu.r, quis qualisque Ca.ges
    Cages
    videri debet, qui et res omnes pervertit et verborum non
    on elegantem
    orn.atum
    orn.a.tum aut omnino latinum,
    latnum, sed turpem quandarn
    quandam inconditam, duram,
    obscuram
    obscura.m a communi usu longe remotam, hispidam denique atque
    agrestem cornpositionem
    agrestern
    compositionem et Carmentalem
    Carrnentalem singulorurn
    singulorum potestatem ~
    in~
    16 auditamque semper fere inquirit?
    inquirit ? Sed in
    rhetoricis
    rhetcis quoque, statim
    statirn in
    nc,
    sentat, operae pretium est Ciceronem audire.
    principio. quid hac de re sentiat.
    Sapientiam sane coniunctam eloquentiae
    eloquentae in caelum laudibus extollit. Si
    alterum optandum sit, rerwn scientiam amplectitur
    a,mplecttur et quasi
    quaS divinam
    dinam
    collt. Eloquentiam,
    colit.
    Eloquentiam. id est ornatum veroorum
    verborum a sapientia
    sapienta seiun
    seiunetum,
    ctum,
    20 quasi turpissimam stultitiam contemnit atque aspernatur.
    aspematur.
    Id certe meum
    eum ad hunc
    hune tra,nsferendi
    transferendi laborem animwn indwdt.,
    ndwit.,
    Et
    politiores enim in dicendo legendis meis
    rneis futuros homines puto et
    multis rationibus
    rebus ipsis maiorem
    rnaorem me attulisse lucem mu1tis
    ra,tionibus existimo.
    e"St imo.
    Quae si assequar, omnipotenti Domino nostro Iesu Christo laus S1t,
    sit,
    2.Ii qui
    qri non,
    , ut sordes peccatorum meorum merentur, in tenebris me latere
    btere
    voluit, sed gratiae
    gra.tae suae mihi ,
    plus, quam ferre queam, largitus est.
    Sin vero non
    assequar, non
    dubito, quin laboris
    abos huius mei, quo nemini B
    47"
    iustissmum iudicem
    obesse, omnibus prodesse conor, et praemium apud iustissimum
    mihi depositwn sit, et non
    nihil
    nihI tum
    turn apud praesentes, turn
    m maxime
    30apud posteros sepulta
    sepuIta iam
    iarn invidia laudis
    ia.udis atque gloriae, praesertm
    praesertim 042
    042"
    cwn
    cn nusquam a eommuni
    communi usu dicendi, quoad eius fieri
    e potuit, diver
    terim illudque
    terirn
    il1udque Ciceronis
    CCeronis semper ante oculos habuerim, quod re ipsa
    Cages aspernatur atque eontemnit
    contemnit .
    . Vitium,
    Vitum, inquit, maximu.m
    maximum est in
    n
    dicendo aa. vulgari
    }ga genere orationis atque consuetudine communis sensus
    35 abhorrere.t
    abhoere .
    Haec ille oratori consulit,
    Ha.ec
    consult, libros ad fra.trem
    fratrern statim
    statm incipiens.
    inc1pens. Tu.
    autem,
    autern, 0 Cages,
    Cages. tu Cages philosopham,
    philosophiam, quae, quantum Ueri
    feri potest,
    communioribus tradenda vocabu1is
    vocabulis est, ne ad rerum difficultatem
    diffieultatem verborum quoque durities addita
    a.ddita. tenebris omma
    omnia ignorantiae
    ignorantae obscuret, ad

    I 22 pOlItioreoJ
    pOlltioreool

    6 dilucide]
    dlucide] diUucide GB
    GD

    "'
    Clc.
    Cle. Oe
    De liD.
    . 111 19.
    . ....
    "111.',
    1 IanlIDaI.
    I...IDaI. 11

    poUl.o.ioreo
    polll.o.ioreoo

    GB

    17 d.. Ch:.
    Cc. De
    Oe invent. I I.
    .

    7710"
    " 111.

    I 27

    nemini
    nem.nl G Domino
    Donine B

    33 eie.
    Clc. De
    Oe orat
    ~rat.. I a
    .: .

    21

    GEQRGII
    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTIJ
    TRPEZNTIJ

    Carmentae tempora enim nova.


    nova, ad barbariem ipsam revocare
    revocae eonatus
    conatus
    laudem etiam hac
    hae ex re
    petis et in
    n priscos interpretes
    nterpretes quasi dignos igne
    insultas
    nsultas et studiosos philosophiae universos.
    uni versos, quia non
    dtius
    citius in ignem
    libros illorum proiiciunt.
    proiiciunt, ut ignorantes
    gnorantes atque fatuos inseetarisl
    insectarsl Osuperbiam hominis inauditam.
    inauditam, 0 impudentiam singularem, 0 monstrum fi
    hominis
    homins numquam perspectum! In
    isnem,
    iem, in ignem tu
    eos libros.
    libros, qui
    tot
    tantosque philosophos theologosque pepererunt.
    pepererunt,
    ut enumerari vix

    queant, in
    n ignem.
    ignem, inquam,
    nquam. tu priscorum scripta procienda
    proiicienda eonsulis,
    consulis,
    B
    48 hortaris, impellis?
    mpeUs? Et
    non
    verbis, quotidie ut audio.
    audio, quam scriptis
    c1amas, contendis, guris?
    clamas,
    garris? Cur? Ut
    tua laudatorumque
    laud.atorumque tuorum scripta, 10
    nugae, ineptiae perpetuo maneant ? Amens penitus es.
    nugae.
    es, si
    s hoc speras.
    1
    Sed ad rem redeamus. Quoniam malitiosa.
    malitiosa,
    ut diximus, stultitia
    G 43 est, ne
    c collatio traductionum ignorantiam prodat.
    prodat, primum interpretes
    Interpretes
    eiici priscos ab eo
    CQ suadetur. Deinde philosophi ordinem non
    sequitur,
    sed perturbat transfertque omnia a1ia
    aHa alio,
    aHo, quod non
    oollationis solum 15
    Iaeilitatem tollit,
    Iacilitatem
    l1, sed muIto
    multo magis fadt,
    facit, ut p.oblematum
    problernaturn philosophi
    scientia penitus pereat. Multa enim propter brevitatem et
    rcrum
    rerum naturam obscuriora
    obscurora sunt. Qua de causa et
    el qui non
    intelligunt, commentorum luce, et
    qui .ecte
    .eete se intelligere
    intellgere arbitrantur, exponentium
    auetoritate eonfirmari
    auctoritate
    confirmari eupiunt.
    cupiunt. Qui autem scripserunt, ArIstotelis20
    Aristotelis20
    o.dinem,
    o.dinern, non Cagis secuti
    secul! sunt. Quare qui Cagem legit,
    Jegit, is numquam
    commentis iuvari, numquam auctoritate
    auetoritate eommentatorum
    commentatorum confirmari
    poterit. Praeterea multi
    particulas,
    partieulas, sicut
    sieut ab Aristotele positae sunt,
    ut brevius rem

    um suam peragant.
    peragant, numero nominare solent. Legi equidem
    apud Albertum, legi apud Thomam ita verbi gratia did,
    dici, sicut
    sieut in
    tertia 2Ii
    vel
    sieut
    Scut in
    XX.
    . vel
    l XXX.
    . p.oblematum
    problematum partCula
    partieula dicitu.r. Solent sane,
    ut debent, studiosi nominatam

    nominatarn numero particulam


    partieulam protinus quaerere,
    B
    48
    ut absoIutam
    absolutam rei
    totius eognitionem
    cognitionem consequantur. Cage's commiscet
    transponitque omnia sic,
    sie, ut pIus
    plus Jaboris
    JaborS milli
    mihi videatur unum vel
    aiterum
    alterum
    in
    n libris
    Iibris suis problema invenire, quam totum volumen exarare. Non 30
    enim
    ordinem solum paticularum
    partieularum ermutat,
    permutat,
    ut quintam verbi causa
    G43.faeiat nonam, et
    G43.faciat
    nonam vigesimam.
    vigesimam, sed nonnullas etiam, quae
    quoniam prolxiores
    prolixiores apud philosophum sunt, in plures dividi propter
    magnitudinem
    nagnitudinem solarn
    solam possunt, in
    duas vel
    tres partes dilaceravit
    dilaeeravit easque
    paes
    ordine
    ordne aliam post aliam
    alam eollocavit,
    collocavit, sed aut longe aliam3fi
    aiam3
    partes non
    ab alia distraxit aut aliis brevioribus coniunxit.
    co. Ita
    Ha et locos
    Jocos euum
    ea:rum
    certos mutavit et
    integritatem contaminavit.
    contamnavit. Hunc
    Hune confundendi non

    parvum Jaoorem,
    parvurn
    Jaborem, non
    video, eur
    cur susceperit.
    susceperit, nisi stultitia, malitia,
    perfdia.
    perfidia. Nam sicut
    sieut stultitia malitiosa est, ita malitia perfidiosa. Malitia
    Ma1ita
    igitur eredo
    credo ipsum fecisse.
    fecisse,
    ut ignorantiam
    ignoranti:.un tegere suam possit, perfdia,
    perfidia,~
    18 commentorum
    commentonm G nnentorum
    cnentonm B
    I 19 luce
    Iuce G lucem
    Iucem B
    I 20 ...
    .... ctoritate
    ctorit..te G
    .IIctoritatem
    .. uctorit .. tem B
    I 22 comm .... ti1I
    t.i1 G comenti8
    comentill B
    ! commelltatorum
    comment..tonm G comeutab:>rum
    comeutatun B

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.

    323

    ut ro
    pro viriH
    viriJ partem
    partern faeiat,
    f3oci3ot, ne quid honi,
    boni, si fieri 1'Ossit,
    possit, Latini h3obeant.
    habeant.
    Sed h30ec
    haec ita
    3 nobis dicta sint.
    sinto
    Verum etsi muItis
    multis amentia iarn
    patuit sua, placet
    plaeet t30men
    tarnen unam 32, I
    solum repugnantiam ex paef3otione
    praefatione transcribere sua, quae
    qu30e manifestior
    56 ceteris exsistit ae
    30c eminet, ut, quam ingeniosus doctusque sit, etiam
    eti30m hinc
    bine
    percipiatur. Pugnantia
    Pugnanti30 enim dicere fatui omnino esse hominis iudicatur,
    Judicatur,
    praesertm
    praesertim si brevi in
    oratiuneula
    oratiuncul3o 30lterum
    alterum ab
    30b altero impeditur, et B
    49
    utraque inter
    inte.r se kretita
    ietita corruunt.
    carruunt. eum
    Cum horum temporum
    ternporum philosophos
    redargual, quod minus ornate
    redarguat,
    o.mate ac
    ae eleganter disserant, sie
    5iC inter aHa
    ",l'" in

    IOeos invehitur; .Neque


    tNeque enim
    enirn ego rebus eos minus
    mirlus eallere
    callere ob id iudico,
    quia
    qua non
    veterum litterarum
    ltterarum verbis disceptant, sed fied
    fieri non
    posse
    existimo, !
    ut Aristotelis
    Aistotelis documenta pe.r tantam propriet3otem
    proprietatem et pr3ovipravitatern verborum interpretis intelligantur
    tatem
    intellgantur . Praeterimus
    Pr30etermus hic,
    hie, quam turpe
    sit ea in
    n re maxime
    maxme peccare, quam omni studio reprehend.as,
    reprehendas, et tunc
    tune G 44
    15 maxime in
    16
    n erimine
    crimne inveniri, quando
    qu3ondo eeteros
    ceteros eodem erimine
    crimine damnas.
    Nam quod dicit:
    dieit: tveterum
    tVeterum litterarum
    lttera.rum verbis
    verb.s di.sceptanh,
    dsceptant., nec
    nee quae sint
    vete.rurn litterarum
    veterum
    littera.rum verba, proprie loquens
    loque ns poterit ostendere, nec disceptare ve.rbum
    verbum pro disputare de rebus naturalibus
    naturalbus latine umquam
    dictum est. Quo igitur
    gitW' erimine
    crimirle aIios
    alios arguit, eo se ipsum astringi
    astring pro
    2Oignorantia
    2Oignoranta et amentia non
    sentit.
    Id quamvis
    quamVi5 intolerabile
    intolerable sit,
    5, - quis
    qus enim ferret hominem ea earpencarpen- t
    tern aliorum
    tem
    alioum vitia, quae in
    se ipso multo magis inveniuntur tam\ln
    tam~n
    sibi veluti puero eondonetur.
    condonetur. Sed repugnantia ingenii
    ngenii Cagulei paucissimis
    rnis in verbis perspiciatis,
    perspieiatis, ut etiam hinc,
    bine, quanta rerum doctrina lauda2It
    2t tores sui fulgeant, merito adrnirari possits.
    possitis. tEgo enim, inquit, non

    ob id minus callere iuniores philosophos


    pbilosophos r ebus iudico,
    iudica, quia
    qua non
    veterum
    litterarum disputant
    disput30nt verbis . Id enim
    enirn sibi ex media barbarie repetita
    repeti.ta B
    49.
    iUa verba significant.
    signific:ant. Habetur
    HabetW' ergo iam secundum
    seeundum Cagem, quod quamqu3omvis
    s non
    recte verbis utanUr
    utantur iuniores philosophi, rebus tamen non
    parum
    30 callent. Quid deinde?
    dende? .Sed
    tSed fieri
    lieri non
    posse, inquit, existimo,
    exstimo, ut ArLstoteJis
    Ar.stoteJis
    documenta per tantam proprLetatem
    proprietatem et pravLtatem
    pravitatem verborum
    verboum interpretis intelligantur.f
    intel.ligantur. Quid garris.
    garrLs. si rebus callent? Quomodo
    Quornodo Aristotelis
    documenta
    deumenta non
    intelligunt? Nam si fieri non
    otest,
    potest,
    ut Aristotelis
    documenta per eos interpretes, qui hactenus exstiterunt, intelligantur,
    lntel1igantur,
    35
    3 quomodo rebus 1sti
    isti callent? Nemo enim umquam aut Graecus aut
    Latjnus
    alquos sine Aristotele
    Astotele dixit.
    dXit. G 44!
    Latinus aut barbarus n30tura
    natura rerum callere
    caUere aliquos
    Tu
    rebus callere Latinos
    LaUnos non
    negas, nec fieri posse conteodis,
    contendis,
    ut Peripateticam doctrinam intelligant. Und.e igitur
    pa.teticam
    gitur rebus callere
    c:allere potuerunt?
    Dici
    Dc.i non
    potest, quare nec pugnanta
    pugnantia haec esse mentis campos
    compos ullus
    ulius
    olOnegabit, oisi
    oiQnegabit,
    nisi forte quispiam
    quspiam dicat rebus quidem istos
    istas a se ipsis callere
    nee Peripateticis quicquam percepsse,
    nec
    percepisse, sed a se ipsis
    Lpsis rerum scientiam
    seientiam
    27 litteru"mj
    litterullmJ lAt.inorv.m B

    10 Th~od. Probl.
    Prob!. Ptaef.

    ".

    "".

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII
    TRPEZNTII

    invenisse.
    invensse. CUT
    Cur ergo Aristotelem eis legendum,
    ut inde discant,
    djscant, propont
    proponit
    cages, qui absque Aristote1e
    Astote1e rebus callent?
    caUent? An
    popter
    propter verba solum?
    re.rum,
    verborum scientiam philosophia profitetur. Accedit,
    At
    rerum, non
    quod de Aristotelica rerum
    rerurn sdentia
    5Cientia. ser
    sermo
    mo hic sibi est. Quare non
    alia
    B
    IJO
    disciplina
    dis::iplina rerurn
    rerQffi callere Ita1os,
    Halos, quam
    qam Aristotelica.
    Aristotelica sponte praedcat?
    praedicat? 5
    Statimque - verborum enim suorum senswn
    sensum col1igere
    colligere nequit - ignorantissime atque stultissime
    stultssime addidit non
    posse fieri,
    ut per eos inte.rpretes Aristoteles inteUigatur.
    13,
    83, I
    Multis 13m
    MuItis
    am ignorantia,
    gnorantia, impudentia, perfidia. temeritas amentiaque
    Caguleorum poac"'"
    CaguIeorum
    protracta in
    Iucern
    c est. Verum
    Veum quoniarn
    quonarn interpretatores
    interpretatofe-s 1(1
    1(1
    priscos quasi pecudes omnino spernit Cages, non
    gravabimur, quamvis
    quamS
    tinern adversus eurn
    tinem
    facere s
    statuimu5,
    tatuimus, co
    unico exempIo,
    exemplo, quod forte
    lorte nunc
    nune
    occurrit, prae oculis, quam diligentissime
    diligentssime in
    difficilioribus rebus sequatur
    008, quos spernit, omnium ponere,
    verbis
    verbS solum, sed et
    factis
    ut non
    faetis
    ex ignorantia
    ignoantia et levitate sibi ipsi repugnare eognoscatuf.
    cognoscatur. Nam et 111
    G "" Caguleorwn
    Caguleorm vitia hine
    hnc quoque atebunt,
    pate bunt, et nos nonnuUam
    nonnullam gratiarum.
    gra.tiarum.
    quas veteribus debemus trans1atoribus,
    translatoribus, partem persolvemus. Debemus
    autem eis
    S non
    parum. Nam nisi
    S ipsa traduxissent. iuniores apud Latinos
    philosophi non
    exstitissent, qui si non
    fuissent, nec
    nee nos, quantulumcumque sit, quod
    quoll in
    philosophia sumus asseeuti,
    assecuti, teneremus. Fatemur
    Fatemuf 20
    enim id totum a Latinis non
    sic
    sie habere, ut aliunde id habere impossibile
    fuerit. Nam philosophiae quidem fundamenta nemo prorsus ciua
    citra ducentos annos apud Graecos nisi latinis doctus 1itteri.s
    litteris tenuit. Nec modo,
    sed semper, ex quo aliquid
    alquid percepi,
    pereepi, sic
    sie me
    roe affectum erga ipsos esse
    B
    50'"
    60'" argumento illud est, quod
    quoll etsi multa philosophiae nobis
    nobS iam traducta 25
    volumina sunt, numquam tamen
    tarnen verbum m
    unum adversus ipsos scripsimus. Studium
    Stud.ium enim nobis
    nobS acerrimum
    aceimum est non
    aliorum
    alorum vituperationem,
    sed ad utilitatem communem
    commm nonnihil
    ohil conferendo
    coTlferendo laudem quaerere.
    z
    Quas ob res dicenti breviter. quaeso, animum meTltemque
    mentemque totam
    praebete. Quarto Aristoteles loco
    lo: particulam de rebus venereis
    venereS collocavit, 80
    quam ipse in
    XXVII. perverse posuit. Huius
    particuIae
    particulae XXIX.
    .
    problematis pars quaedam sic
    sie a veteri
    veterl traducta
    taducta interprete est; .Propter
    tPropter
    quod et quibusdam ventosorum pSCm
    piseium plyntri foetet
    loetet mulier?t
    muler? Cages
    sie sordibus Sull>
    sic
    suis obduxit
    olluxit potus,
    potius, quam traduxit;
    ; .Unde
    tUnde etiam
    etam pi.scium
    spirabilium
    sprablium quorundam virus
    vius genitale plantrum redolet? Quid faciam, 36
    31\
    si in propulsanda iniuria defendendaque veritate
    verhate meritas sibi gratias
    G4'
    G4't"t" reddo?
    redd ? Convitiatorem me dicent Cagu1ei,
    Cagulei, sin frigidus agam nec a me
    m
    iniuriam propulsavero nec veritatem defendero. Sed dentur magis vela
    ventis, quam detrahantur, occurrentiaque
    venti.s,
    oecurrentiaque iacto, ut dicitur, taxillo
    sequamur. Inaudita hominis istius
    istiu! ignorantla
    ignorantia est, mirabilis
    mirabilS et inusitata oiO
    olO
    38 vela.) "dla
    "dIa B

    a..,

    6C~.
    ~.

    30 Arht.
    ArI . t. l?roh!.
    J?rob1. 3' '9.880
    '9.880"
    .. "I.
    ". ", xe<\
    xc\ lvkl"
    v"" T&.v
    TtVI<U
    VI<U..,.......~
    ........... ~ tX&Uc.ov
    &v
    i]
    i]~.
    . I
    ~ Tbeod. J>robI.
    Probt IV
    l 29. 4~bb
    4~f>b (Ia1f<>
    (/lw '''.)

    T<)ho,oTf>O\l
    ,,")ho,oou

    ADVERSUS
    DVRss THEODORUM
    TEODORUr. GAZAM.
    G.

    325

    impudentia, exsecrabilis perfidia. Plurimum


    m se in
    verbis iactat.
    iaetat. NhI
    Nihil
    latine
    latne scriptum in
    his voluminibus
    voluminibu.s invemtur.
    invenitur. Scientia
    Seientia rerum gloriatur.
    eum
    Cum nihil
    hil penitus sentire dit::tis
    dictS suis
    comprobetur, illos
    ilIos carpit, quos
    in
    nonnullis sequitur. Videte, quam
    qua.m multa in
    his pa.ucissimis
    paucissimis edita B
    ISI

    :i ignorantissime
    ignorantissme vel potius egesta turpissime sunt. .Spirabilium.
    tSpirablium. in

    quit, m
    piscium . P:isc:es,
    Pisces, 0 pe<:us spurcissima tu, spirabiles possunt dici

    latine ? A!;r, quo spiramus, spirabilis


    spibilis est. Lumen quoque a"ri
    a; infusum
    spirabile
    spirable dicitur. Quod po~ta ostendit dicens:
    .per
    tper fidem
    lidern testor,
    10
    per su peros atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen
    Jumen .
    Quid plura? Onmia
    Oa huiusmodi nomina laHne
    latne passIvam
    passlvam significant
    sgnificant
    potentiam ; docHis,
    potentiam;
    doclis, facilis,
    faclis, fissilis,
    fsslis, amabilis,
    amabils, spirabiIis.
    spirabilis. Et quoniam
    potenta
    potentia omnis
    m passiva tendit
    tendlt ad actum,
    a.ctum, ad actum etiam nonnumquam
    transferuntur. Patiendique semper habent potestatem, ut lumen spira
    spita15 bile sit, quod spirari
    sprari attmhique
    attrahique quasi spiritus ossit,
    passit, aut etiam quod
    re ipsa ut spiritus attrahitur.
    aUmhitur. Quomodo ergo pSCes
    pisces spirabiles
    spirnbles sunt?
    Utrum spirare animalia piscibus quasi afu"e possint, an :re ipsa pisc:ibus
    piscibus
    Cagem se ipsum potius in
    scribeodo quam rem
    rern
    spirent ? Crediderim Cagenl
    oonsiderasse.
    Fcrta$Sis enim sic
    sie avide pisces
    pisce5 devorat,
    devomt, ut non
    minus
    mlnus G 46
    oonsidemsse. Fortassis
    p isces oonferre quam ceterts
    ceterS a~r, ac
    ae ideo ex natura
    natum sua
    20sibi videantur pSCes
    ceteros quoque iudicasse non
    minus pSCibus
    piscibus quam aere
    alire spirare.
    sprare. Multo
    dictum a prscis
    priscis tol1erabilius
    tollerabilius est: tventosorum
    wentosorum pSCm
    pi.sciumf.
    .
    Quid, quod virus
    genitale hic etiam pro animalium semine posuit? I
    Ignorantia
    Ignora.ntia for sitan
    sita.n seductus, quoniam
    quonia.m
    ut pauIo
    paulo ante tactun\
    tactunl est, di2~ stil1are
    stillare virus p!ta.
    ~ta dixit ab inguine. Quod
    od ille
    il1e fecit, quia non
    sicut
    Scut de B
    151'
    In'
    semine, sed ut de veneno locutus
    Iocutu5 ",st.
    "'5t. Amatorium enim
    m venenum ab
    huiusmodi stilla
    Il praeamri
    praeparari dicitur.
    Plantrum scripsit, quod
    quod. latinum non
    est,
    e5t, nec graecum. Satts
    SatS recte I
    veteres graecum
    gra.ecum posuerunt.
    nonnullis
    ol:'! reperitur codi
    posnerunt. Plyntrum enim in
    codi30 cibus, in nonnullis
    nonnuJlS capax unius verbi vacuus locus
    Iocus..
    Redoleh vero
    cur dixit?
    dix.it? Redolere namque
    nanque suavi !ragrare odore'
    odore
    tRedolet.
    Latini
    Latni dicunt. Pro foetere nemo umquam, non
    dico scripsit, sed ne
    scribere quidem mentis compos
    comos cogitavit. Ita
    Jta minus procedit aut potius
    voJat, eum
    cum soos
    prisoos sequitur. Cum eos relinquit, fertur tumidus e
    per inania
    35 caeli. Ne<:
    Nec unum ab eo scdbitur
    scribitur verbum, quod non oleat.
    oIeat. Nam si
    S quis
    vellet singula, ut modo fecimus, examinare, multo plura maioraque
    in
    singulis
    singuls aperirentur
    aperi.rentur vit.ia.
    vitia. Sed ersequi
    persequi omnia non
    possumus neque
    debemus.
    Cum vero
    VetO mulierem, ut rem modo consideremus, foetere Aristoteles.
    ArstotelesI
    40 scripserit, et
    ! veteres integre fideliterque traduxerint, cur ipse nomen
    24 fon.it...
    fon.it.t G fOf"ll&ll]
    {onam B

    9 VergiI.
    Vergl. Ac
    et.
    ... 111
    IU 599 "l.

    24 cl. Vugll.
    Vezgll. Ge<>Tg.
    Ge"g. 111 28 .

    GEORGn
    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII
    II

    hoc, si
    $ {idus
    fidus est interpres,
    nterpres, latine non
    retulit, sed omisit atque su bticuit
    btieuit
    G 46~ sicut
    sieut pt'rfidus f Quia, si
    s1 mulier
    muller omnis homo est, piscis nullus homo est.
    Cur igitur,
    igitu1', si et in
    hac
    hae parte muHer
    muIe1' norninatu1'
    nominatur et probIema
    problema de bominibus
    est, ad pisces se retulit ? Quia nihili in
    eo menti5
    mentis est,
    ut res ipsae ostendunt. Ita modo rem pro re, quia non
    inteIligit,
    inteUigit, ponendo, modo
    od verba.
    verba :>5
    B
    621atina
    21atina depravanrlo, nunc
    nune addendo, nunc
    nune aliquid relinquendo euncta
    cuncta
    pevertit
    pervertit ct
    ! in
    n alienum
    alienurn transfert
    t1'a.sfert sensum.
    J
    Sed dicet fOJ"$lln
    fosan quispiam Don
    esse possibile hominem, e
    c um traducat, nihil relinquere, nihil addere. Nec id ignoro, et illud
    ilIud seio
    scio in tam
    paueis verbis tam
    paucis
    tarn muIta
    multa committere
    cornmittere non
    erroris
    eoris esse, sed ignorantiae 10
    atque dementiae. Illud
    IIIud verbis, hoc
    boc rebus attribuo. Praeterea de addendo
    relinquendoque regula quaedam teneri solet
    soJet a doctis. Nam quae
    historice dicuntur,
    dieuntur, ils
    s si quis addidit, fidem
    fidern historiae
    bistoriae violavit, sin
    ,
    omisit,
    omiSt , non
    violavit. Brutus in
    ipso bello Philippico historiam Polybii
    didtur
    dcitur convertisse. Id
    Jd tamen
    tarnen opus posteriores, quia multa perstrinxerat, 15
    traductionem,
    nominaul\t. Quu
    non
    traduetionem, sed epitomam, id est compendium
    compendiurn nominarunt.
    exemplo Poggjus Florentinus,
    F1orentinus, vir
    : et parum doctus et summopere sceleratus,
    5, oonfidens, eum
    cum et paedam
    paediarn Cyri et aegyptiacam historiam Diadori
    Diodon
    transferret, multa vel
    transfenet,
    brevitatis vel
    l fastidii fugiendi
    fugendi causa negIexit.
    neglexit.
    quo quidem ipsum non
    vituperarim. Accedit,
    ; in
    rebus20
    In
    Aecedit, quad
    quod iis
    necesse est nonnihil nune
    addere, nune
    omittere, quas ornate studemus
    edere. Opusest enim, ut, siornatiuscule volumus dicere, graeoorum verboverbarum ordinem
    ordinern omnino negligamus. Nam [si] a materna lingua in
    latinam,
    latinarn,
    G"7
    G "7Y quae proximae
    proxirnae sunt, aut contra vertenti ordo verborum
    verborurn servandus
    B62
    2 non
    dfci1
    " U"Iget, qul
    " I um f
    " quanto mInus
    "

    est. Q
    uo dfci1"
    a e IDte
    mte
    qUl"pencu
    peneu
    ecent,
    mUlUS
    "'"
    in longius,
    longus, multo remotis longius
    longus ordo
    O1'do verborum
    verborurn servandus erit.
    et.

    IdciJco Hieronymus,
    Hieronynus, ille viI'
    vir doctrina, prudentia, sanctitate
    sanetitate praedpuus,
    cipuus, divinas quidem
    qudem scripturas
    scriptura.s omatu verborum neglecto verbum
    de verbo
    bo transtulit. Sermonibus
    Serrnonibus vero indoctorum aut historiae 1'em,
    rem,
    non
    verba secutus et adiecit et subtraxit
    subtrax.it aliqua, quae tamen
    tarnen rebus 30
    non
    derogant. 1d
    Id ita factum sibi esse in
    traduetione
    traductone librorum Eusebii,
    de temporibus ipse praefatur. Cuius auctoritatem
    auetoritatem pllJn
    phlrimi nos facientes
    et
    ipsa rerum admoniti natura
    natum et pontificis Ncolai
    Nicolai V. iudido
    iudicio his
    bis in

    rebus integerrimo
    ntegerrimo iussuque compulsi in
    n Aristotelieis
    Astotelcis quidem traducendis,
    quantum lieri
    lie a nobis potuit, nihil
    nmil praetenisimus.
    praetennisimus. nihil
    hl addidimus,
    add.idimus, 35
    ordinemque ipsum graecorum
    gaecorum verborum ubique conati
    co sumus inviolatum
    Minirna enim
    tum
    turn reddere. Minima
    turn propter magnitudinem
    magnitudinern rerum,
    rerurn, tum
    turn
    quia de J'ebus
    rebus naturalibus documenta sunt , textus immutatio aut
    verbi
    additio substractiove longe in
    alienum
    alenum saepe sensum universam rem
    rapuit. In
    als
    aIiis vero maiore dicendi usi libertate nunc
    nune evagatiores,
    ~
    Dunc
    contractores fuimus. Cagulei autem eandem in
    onmibus esse
    Dune eontractiores

    I
    l ' bitoriam
    biatoriam G hptoriam
    hystoriam B
    I 16 opitomamJ
    opitmamJ epitoma B
    I 11 POggius]
    Po-g;usj Poglua
    ogI G B

    23 .i
    G B
    1 'J:l HI8f'Onymusj
    Hlet'ODymUS] Hyeronimlls
    Hyeroius B
    \ 29 historiae
    histoiae G hynoria
    hystoria B

    :m

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.


    GAZM.

    rationem putantes ipsi qwdem


    quidem maxime omruum
    omnium Aristotelem pervertunt
    et crimen hoc suum in
    alios minus
    mnus nocentes reiicere
    rencere non erubescunt.
    Sed falluntur credentes vituperatione a1iorum
    aliorum sordes suas abluere. B
    53
    Hane igitur reguJam
    Hanc
    regulam in
    traducendo t enendam studiosis putamus, ut
    Ii graviora
    gao difficilioraque
    diffieilioraque ad verbum d e verbo paene reddant, historica G 4.7
    et facilia
    faeilia latius angustiusve, sicuti
    sieuti iudicabunt, oomploctantur.
    complectantur.
    Nune ad rem revertentes primum interpretatoris
    Nunc
    nterpretatoris prisci,
    prisei, deinde.
    Cagis eiusdem loci
    loc verba repetemus,
    repeternus, postremo nostra ponemus, ut vel
    ex istius minimi collatione
    oollatione loci, quanta sint
    snt doctrina, quanto ingenio,
    ingeno,
    Cagulei, perspiciatur. Prisca interpretatio
    nterpretatio huius
    IOquanto usu dicendi CaguIei,
    loci haec
    haee est : .Propter
    ,Propter quid et quibusdam ventosorum piscium plyntri
    foetet mulied.
    mulier 1. Cagulea haec: . Unde et piscium spirabilium
    spirabiIium quorundam
    virus genitale
    genita1e plantrum redolet ? N05tra
    Nostra haec
    haee : .Ideo
    ddeo in
    nonnullis
    spiritum natis reddere piscinae, ubi lavatur, olet mulier
    muHer?1. Primum igitur

    tli
    piscium ro
    pro piscina ignoranter positum ab eo est ; deinde spirabilium
    omnino insulse; tertio virus genitale ro
    pro semine animalis inaudite;
    naudite;
    quarte
    quarto vims
    viros genitale pro muliere
    miere scripsisse videtur
    videt ur - mulieris
    mu1ieris enim
    vocabulum omnino neglexit - ; quinto plantrum nec
    ne<: integrum graecum
    est nec
    nee
    u110 modo latinum nec
    ne.: barbamm,
    barbarum, sed Caguleum; sexta
    sexto redo1ere
    20
    pro foetere magnus iste latinae linguae
    lnguae auctor
    auetor
    ponit.. Plura certe in

    tollerabilia vitia quam


    qam verba sunt.
    Nune totum huius
    Nunc
    buius loci senswn
    sensum explanabimus, si prius graeci verbi I.
    ,
    potestatern exposuerimus. Plyntmm
    potestatem
    Plyntrum aut locus
    toeus et vas ubi aut instru- B
    53
    mentum, quo lavatur, latine dici potest. Ideo piscinae - nam etiam
    2lipro loco,
    Ioco, ubi 1avatur,
    lavatur, hoc nomine
    nomne usurpamus - a veteribus quoque
    traductum credidE'rim. Paratior enim semper sum
    surn ad excusandum
    exeusandurn viros
    vros
    probos, quam ad incusandum.
    ineusandum. Sensus autem
    autern hic
    hie est ca1ida
    calida robustaquea.s
    robustaqueG48
    corpora spennate
    spermate diutius letento,
    retento, si ad spirandurn,
    spi.rdum , exhalandum evapolandumque amplitudine
    porandumque
    ampItudine pororum atque meatuum apta nataque sunt,
    surt,
    30 graviter olent. Spennatica enim
    enm superfluitas e t quaecumque a1ia
    alia simul
    si
    cum ea egreditur. In
    imbecillis quidem corp:!ribus
    corp:ribus in
    alimentum
    eum
    aUmentum vertitur. In
    tur.
    robu.stioribus
    robustioribus autem
    autern corrupta propter calorem expellentem
    meatuumque amplitudinem exbalat
    exhalat in
    spiritum versa, et sic
    sie virorum
    quidem
    qdem oorpora,
    corpora, hiroorum
    hircorurn praecipue atque ovilium reddunt
    re~1dunt olitum,
    oliturn,
    36
    3 sicut ex .. . colligitur.
    oolligitur. Mulie.rurn
    Mulie.rum vero,
    ut hie
    bic dicitur. piscinae sta
    gnantis, ubi res sordidae
    sorddae lavantur
    Iavantur ac
    ae depurautur,
    deputaItur, foetorem emittunt.
    Cages autem
    autern nec, quia de hominibus problema est, nec,
    ne<:, quia mu1ieris
    mulieris
    vocabulum hoc
    boc in loco ,
    ponitur, potuit propter ingenii
    ingeni hebetud.inem
    hebetudinem
    detineri,
    detneri, quin rem totam ad pisces transfeITet.
    transferret. Talis enim ab ineptissimis
    40 verbis eius sensus erumpit. Unde et genitale virus , id est semen non

    nullorum piscium, quibus sient


    sCUt a!re spiramus, plantri SU8vem
    suavem redditB 54.
    4.
    11
    ply ntri -'t.; plynter G B

    "",..
    I 35
    ol;q,..
    oliq1<A """''''
    . ... ...
    _ol.t B
    35 G
    G B

    28 .".hala.uduIII
    "",hala.udur G exalaadu m D

    33 .".balat G

    328

    GEORGII 1'RAPEZUNTII
    GEOJtGII
    l'RAPEZUNTII

    odorem? 0 hominem verberibus,non verbis castigandum rrOtemeritatem


    temeritatem
    inauditaml 0 insaniam
    jnsaniam incredibileml
    incredibleml 0
    furorem praecipiteml Quo ruit
    r
    sieut omnino amens atque fanaticus?
    sicut
    34, 1
    Haeccine
    Haeccne placent?
    placent ? Tu,
    , quem honoris
    honorS causa non
    nomino,
    nomino , quare
    oe
    ne irasci quidem
    qUdem rnihi poteris, oisi
    nisi te ipsum prodere volueris? Haeccine I>
    placent interpretamenta?
    nterpretamenta? Haec
    Haee tu in
    caelis extollis.
    extoUis. Cur? An odia
    odo
    Gwrgii?
    diligi
    dligi abs te Ca.gem.
    Georgii? ~perte namque paedicas
    praedicas non
    Cagem. quia bonoG 48'" mm
    rum momm atque virtutis hostis est. Hoc ipse centies
    centes abs te audivi.
    Addis deinde, idque mihi
    mhi ipsi saepe duisti,
    dixisti, nescire
    nescre me
    roe latinas litteras,
    si ad Cagem conferar.
    coDfernr. Omniaque a me
    roe traducta
    tradueta in tenebras esse eita
    cito 10
    ventura splendore Caguleorum offuscata.
    affuseata. At baec non
    sunt verba
    odii,
    odi, immo autem
    autern animi, qui tot
    ! calamitatibus, quae mihi te auctore
    invectae $unt,
    sunt, saturatus adhuc
    adhue non
    sit. Praetereo, an ipse latinas
    latnas litteras
    ltteras
    nesciam. ReIinquo,
    Relinquo, an tu
    optime scias.
    Non sum in
    eo occupatus, ut
    vel plures quam triginta oontinuos
    continuos pubIice
    publice annos eum
    cum gIoria
    gloria legisse 15
    me in ItaIia
    halia in
    praeclaSsimS
    praeclarissimis urbibus iactem vel
    ve1 to\
    tot volumina mihi
    ih
    latine
    latne scripta et a Latinis
    Latnis approbata reeenseam.
    reenseam. Quae si
    5 tibi non
    pIacent,
    placent,
    nec
    curo. Nam et more5
    ngenia hominum
    homnum optime novi.
    .
    nee miror nec euro.
    mores et ingt'nia
    Quae quanto mihi probentur, inde atet,
    patet, quod et Graeciam nulla re
    M~ eoaetus
    CoactU5 reliqui, et Italiam 0010
    colo nullis Ita lorum allectus
    alleetus praemii5,
    praemiis, et 2(l
    20
    B
    quos
    qU05 genui,
    genu, quantum in
    me fuit, nec
    nce littt'ris
    litteris nec lingua Graecorum part~
    parti~
    cipes feci.
    t
    Illud mihi
    mhi euram
    curam non
    parvam iniecit,
    , quod videam tanto te adversus me odio
    flagrnre,
    nagrare, ut coram idque saepius non
    Cagem
    Cagern solum,
    sed
    alos ipsosque pueros tU05
    se<! etiam alias
    tuos in latinitate mihi praeposues.25
    praeposueris.25
    Quod
    od statim a p:rimis
    primis dignitatis tuae ann.is
    annis factitasti.
    faetitasti. Omniumque
    incommodorum, immo potius calamitatum
    inoommodorum,
    ca1amitatum mearum te auctorem
    auetorem fuisse
    turn verbis, tum
    tum
    turn tuis Iitteris ad me datis cognovi.
    cogno. Ipsum quoque san~
    guinem meum quaesivisse te mortemque meam optasse eaedem tuae
    G 49 Iitterae
    Itterae Neapolim ad me missae satis aperte significant. Quid eornmisi
    commisi 30
    aut commerui, patt'r
    pater optime? Magni omnino odii argumentum est
    C5t
    alieui etiam ignoranti aperte eoram
    alicui
    coram dicere inimicos eius atque invidos
    es5e. Tu
    centies id fecisti. Quid, quod pueros seni antedoctiores ipso esse.
    ponis in
    doct:rina
    doctrina tU05?
    tuos? l
    Nolo nominare singulos, ne se ignominiae
    causa nominari a me eredant,
    credant, praesertim eurn
    m nonnulli
    ll eorum non
    35
    alieni a me animi sint.
    a1ien.i
    sinto Deus seit,
    , et conscientia
    conseientia tua testis est, et ego
    non
    ignoro. Illud
    Il1ud mirum
    m1rum est, quod posteaquam NeapoJi
    Neapoli redii, ea verba
    mihi
    mhi saepius iteras, saepius repetis, aliis
    a1is quoque praedica.s.
    praedicas. Dic
    Die oro,
    ,
    qwdvis faciam . FeITe
    Fee amplius non
    possum. Tacere pernitiosum mihi
    quidvis
    esse re ipsa pericu1um
    periculum feci
    fec.. Duodecim
    Duode<:im ferme
    fcrme annis taciturnitate mea
    mea.o
    M)
    B
    65 et patientia te sustinui.
    sustnui. Ad eas ca1amitates abs te deductus 5um,
    sum,
    ut
    39 penitio.wn
    penWoux B

    pernitmllll G penUclosum.

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.


    GAZM.
    vx: maiores fingi posse videantur.
    timdus. Nam ocvix:
    Non loquor ut timidus.
    nemortem quidem ipsam recuso,
    reeuso, dum videam
    ideam mortem non culpa
    Cpa mea,
    sed
    se<! a1terius
    alterius scelere mihi accidisse. Id
    l dico,
    co, quoniam tu in littens
    litteris ad
    me tuis, tua manu scriptis, multo
    muIto me maiora promeruisse
    prorneruisse ostendis,
    6 quam passus sum a pontifice NcoIao.
    Nicolao. Il1e
    Ille autem
    autern ea in
    me fecit,
    feeit, u.t
    ut
    quid maius sit,
    5;t, ego non videam,
    ideam, praeter mortern.
    mortem.
    Nec diu
    wu e5t,
    est, quando
    qU3ndo praesente quodam utriusque amico
    amieo mihiI
    mihil
    dixisti
    dxisti culpa
    Cpa mihi omnia evenisse rnea.
    mea. Ego culpam habui quam?
    Reeusavi transferendi laborem, nolo
    Recusa.vi
    dicere dedignatus, twn
    tn quia Q .. 9
    lOcommentaria in Ptolemaeum mea mihi erepta et in scelestum
    sceIestn hominem
    Iaeobum Cremonensem, nisi id fecissem,
    Iacobum
    feeissem, euro
    cum meo dedecore translata
    {UiMent,
    fnj5Sent, ut sceduIae
    scedulae manu eius sctiptae
    scriptae ac
    ae in
    marginibus codicis affixae
    affXae
    ostendunt. Sed recusav;,
    qua non
    oteram
    recusavi, quia
    poteram tanta diutius onera susti
    nere. Hinc
    Hine omnia
    protinus licta,
    tieta, ordinata,
    orwnata, statuta in me sunt. Quid
    16 cornmisi?
    commisi ? Quinque
    QUnque contwuis
    continuis annis ne respirare
    respi.rare quidem licuit,
    lieuit. eum
    cum
    nondum absolutis prioribus alia
    ala imponetentur. Tam
    Tarn magnos labores
    ferre
    {ee diutius non poteram. Quiescere optabam. Peccatum in
    recusa
    reeusa
    tione laboris est? An
    omnibus militiam quoque exercentibus demerito
    demeto
    stipendio absque ullo crimine licebit etiarn euro
    cum gratia alios relinquere,
    relinquere. B
    My

    20 aliorum stipendia
    stipen da contra primos suscipere, mihi soli non
    licebit
    lieebit quiescere, si volo?
    ]?
    eere,
    Adiecisti deinde, quocl demerita mea maioribus calamitatibus dignu
    digna_
    {uerunt.
    fuerunt. Haec verba vehementer te eupere
    cupere mortem meam ostendunt.
    Maiores enim calamitates quam mortem ego non
    Maiore5
    video.
    ideo. Sed. nec
    nee tempus
    25 est simulandi amp]ius,
    amplius, nec
    nee ipse ferre
    fee possum. Duodecim paene annis
    te sustinui, et tu forsan me simulando
    smul.ando dissimu1andoque
    dissimulandoque omnia. Sed
    certe per d.iem
    diem futuri iuro iudie;
    iud.icjj; non
    sum mihi conscius al.iquid
    aliquid umum
    quarn adversus te fecis.se
    feeisse aut dixisse aut saltem cogitasse. Sed cornmisi
    commisi
    fortassis ignorans, ac
    ae idee
    eo tu
    mortem
    motem expetis meam. Vide, quanti mortem G 50
    30 existimem.
    Non quaero longas ambages. Tu
    . vis, moriar.
    moriae. Ego emori
    emo
    eupio.
    cupio. Tu
    maiora me supplicia
    supplieia meritum
    meritn asseris eulpamque
    culpamque soIus,
    solus, solus
    sol
    inquam, omnium culpam in
    me retrudis, quam ego ipsa morte magis
    semper formidavi. Mortem enim non
    timeo, eulpam
    culpam summopere perhOJTe5CO.
    hOe5CO. Quare nisi vere ostendas morte me d.ignum
    dignum esse, eulpae
    culpae
    3Snomen non in me,
    35nomen
    me. sed in te seias
    ~cias redundare. Nam ne quis abs te profectum quicquam
    quiequam suspicetur, in
    me reiicis.
    reicis.
    Magna haec tua profe<:to
    profedo res est. Culpa weis
    dcis mea euneta
    cu.ncta mihi
    mhi I
    accidisse, et maioribus fuis.se
    fuisse dignum supplieiis
    su.pplciis scribis, ne<: ulla.m.
    uUam
    profers eulpam.
    culpam. Nullam enim umquam nominasti. Diligere
    Diligeee fugis et
    40 maioribus poenis dignum praedicas, et quidem coram et saepius,
    ~pius, 11t
    u.t B
    66
    6
    magis vulneres. Aut eulpa.
    cu1pa. me vacare dicito
    dieito aut, si crimine
    uUo me

    3 eceJere
    aceJere G

    ~ B

    330

    GEORGlI TRAPEZUNTII
    GEORGII

    obnoxium opineris, dic,


    die, accusa, doce, obiice quicquam sa1tem
    saltern parvun,
    parvum,
    saltem ullius momenti. Inoboedientem
    Inoboedentem me
    roe {uisse
    fuisse scribis. Et
    in
    quo?

    Ne muttire quidem audes. Dicas,


    Dieas, in
    quo. Expone crimina, causas
    caU5aS adde,
    et nisi omnia diluero, immo nis!
    nsi cuncta sua sponte non
    prae se ferant
    ingratitudinem, falsitatem, calumniam, iniquitatem. non
    exspectabo 6
    alium iudicem, sed ipse morte me condemnabo. Vis
    !> amplius?
    ampJius? An
    id
    mihi forsan culpae attribueris, quod non
    nOD parum ct
    ad loquendum et ad
    scribendum tibi latine profui? Sed si hoc CUIpa
    culpa est, non
    dubito similia
    sinilia
    G 6C)Y
    committ:.ere.
    committere. Illud te
    memoria semper tene.re
    tenere velim hominem etiam te

    esse,
    e!;!ie, cras moriturum et aetemi
    aeterni iudicium iudicis subiturum.
    subiturum. Sed de 10
    his
    bis latius alias, si res ipsa f1agitaverit.
    agitaverit.
    36,
    S, I
    Nune partim cl
    Nunc
    maxime
    naxime amore veritatis et zelo
    zeto integritatis evangelii
    propter communem, Caguleorum quoque ipsorum uti1iuliliChristi, partim pOpter
    tatem - amnina
    omnino enim Cages .si.
    tsi. particuIae
    particulae constructionem
    construetionem ignorare
    videtur - exponam non
    .si
    tsi eum volo
    manere, donec venioc,
    venio. sed tSie
    sc Ui
    .::;
    eum volo
    manere, donec venioc
    venio,, dicendum esse. Hanc
    Hane enim inter
    summae dignitatis
    dignitais viros
    ros aut
    eerlo
    certo summae proximos contentionem
    fuisse nupef
    nuper audivi. Quam quidem contentionem tantam exstitisse
    exslitisse aiunt,
    B
    6~
    56~
    ut qui
    < non .sie
    .sic eum volo
    l maneret dicendum putant.
    pulant, emendandum
    illum evangelii locum eenseant,
    censeant, idque si aliquando poterunt, ex nunc20
    se ostendant facturos. Ea
    a igitur
    igitllr ipsa
    sa repetam, quae mihi
    milli ad praestantem
    patrem Petrum de Monte, Brixiensem episcOPllm,
    epSCopum, eonscripta
    conscripta sunt.
    Sie
    Sic enim et locus ille divinarum scripturarum recte traductIIs
    traduetus eomprocomprobabitur, et multi Aristotelis quoque textus perersi
    ba.bitur,
    perversi ab istis novis traductoribus, etiam
    etam quia
    <. potestatem l1aturamque
    naturamque tsi.
    s, particulae
    partieulae penitus 25
    2$
    ignorant, luce
    luee
    ut dicitur
    dieitur clarius patebit.
    I
    Primum
    m ergo illud
    i11tId mihi scribendum videtur
    videtur:: non
    no sunt labefactanda
    labefaetanda
    !undamenta,
    removendi fines,
    fnes, non
    quassandi termini, qui a patribus
    fundamenta, non
    nostris
    nostrS iaeti,
    iacti, eonstituti
    constituti finnatique sunt. Unus apex aut unu.s
    unus iota
    . si
    G 51
    remotum ex evangelio fuerit, fadle
    facle data lieentia
    Iicentia cetera diripientur.30
    dripientur.30
    Videmus, quam
    Videmu.s,
    <juam ingens invaserit homines
    lomnes luxus.
    luxu.s. Videmus, quanta
    <juanta
    rabies avaritiae animos omnium vexet. Videmus.
    Videmus, quam infirma
    fm. propter
    haee in Christum Dominum nostrum caritas sit.
    haec
    sit. Minimum aliquid ex
    evangelio
    evangelo remotum pa.ra
    pafVa primum, deinde pa.ulatim
    paulatim serpens maxima
    secum trahet. Maxima mala, quae aut regnis aut
    rebuspublicis
    rebuspublcis aut eccle- 35
    siae acciderunt, ex minimis orta, atque ideo primum sicut
    sieut scintilla
    propter pa.ritatem
    parvitatem l1eglecta
    neglecta in
    flam
    flammas
    mas inexstinguibiles
    inexstil1guibles prodierunt.
    B67
    67 Quas ob t"es
    res nihil, 0 patres.
    patres, removendum, nihil addendum, nihH
    nihil muta.nmutandum in
    evangelio
    evall8elio Christi catholicis
    catholieis est.
    Sed graecam scripturam, unde traducta
    tradueta haec sunt, sequendam40
    ,
    multi a.sserunt. Ego autem
    antern non
    sum nescius
    neseius hunc
    hune locum ita
    . lectum

    2 5
    umus -'';
    unp'; oumu.
    . G B
    3 motti,..,]
    mDttiuj mutire G B
    10 .ubitofUm]
    . ubitorurnj subditu_
    s ubditu_
    nm
    n.o B
    I '24
    'l~ Aristokli.
    Aristotdi. G Aristoteli B
    I quoque G que B
    t 30 diripicDtor
    dripicDtor G dkriplentu.
    <liiplento. B

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.


    ADVER$US

    331

    latine
    latne semper, etiam ante Augustini
    Augustni tempora fuisse , quemadmodwn
    quemadmodun
    hodie
    bodie legitur. Testb;
    Testis est ipse Augustinus, qui eum
    cum super evangelium
    Iohannis scriberet,
    sc.riberet, non
    .si
    fsi eum volo manere., sed .sic
    .sie eum
    eurn volo
    l maneX"el
    manere
    saepius repetit. Hieronymus eerte
    certe hunc
    hune etiam locum
    Iocum vidit, legit,
    Curnque esset diligentissimus,
    dilgentissimus, d.octissimus et gratia spiritus
    5 perpendit. Cumque
    saneti plenus. qua maxime usus est tum
    sancti
    turn in
    transferendis denuo scripturis, tum
    turn in emendandis iam ttanslatis,
    translatis, hunc
    hune locum ita reliquit, sieut
    sicut
    invenit. Invenit
    Jnvenit autem,
    autern, sicut
    sieut nunc
    nune legitur.
    Iegitur. Si enim mutasset, inveniretur
    invenretur
    proecto
    profecto emendatio eius.
    Non invenitur autem.
    Non mutavit ergo.
    105tuIti
    10 Stulti admodum sumus nimiumque
    nimiurnque arrogantes.
    aogante s. Si
    5. autem
    autern graecas aut
    latinas litteras
    latina.s
    Ittera.s melius nos scire
    r credimus,
    credirnus, quam
    quarn qui a temporibus G 61~
    Salvatoris usque ad aetatem
    aetatern Augustini fuerunt,
    fuernnt, si vellem ro!
    prolixior
    esse, ostenderem ex
    historia romana non
    daros
    claros tantum viros,
    vlroS, verum
    mulieres
    rnulieres nobiles hene
    bene etiam merentes publce,
    publice, alias soluta oratione,
    16 alias canninibus in utraque lingua
    15
    lngua plurimum
    plurimurn valuisse. Et certe illis
    ills
    temporibus non erat
    esset doctior.
    ernt quisquam latinedoctus, quigraece non
    Labi deinde res statim a temporibw;
    temporibus Augustini paulisper coepit. Chri-B 67 ~
    stianismum vero vel
    l ante Constantini tempora.
    tempora maiorem nobilioremque
    romanae urbis partem possedisse ipsa gentilis docet historia. Si ergo
    20 illi
    utriusque linguae
    Inguae nobis longe doctiores differentiam esse inter
    tsi
    s volot
    volo: et .sic volot
    volo: scivissent, et graecae
    gtaecae scripturae si voIo
    volo congruere
    adhaerereque. sic
    sie volo
    l autem
    autern alienum
    alienurn ab ea
    ea. puta.ssent,
    putassent, si volo
    eerte,
    certe,
    non sic
    sie volo tradnxissent.
    traduxissent. Sed Si
    si volo
    l ne
    in
    mentem
    mentern quidem
    quidern eorum
    verut. Sie
    5ic volo
    l a.utem
    autern una voce omnes dicebant.
    2S
    Quare si Augustinus clamat et eeteri
    ceteri assentiuntur tacentes, quid.
    nos quaerimus?
    quaerirnus? Quid volumus? Quid contendimus?
    contendimus ? Graecamne lin
    guam aut latinam melius quam
    quarn illi tenere arbitramur? His rationibus
    rntionibus
    ego mihi ia.m
    iarn diu persuasi sequenda esse vestigia
    vestiga patrum, qui et ingenio
    et studio et doctrina non erant nobis inferiote5.
    inferiores. Sanctitate vero non

    sopraestanuores
    3Opraestantiores illi nobis, sed ii
    praestantes. Nos autem vermes, et

    non
    110 homines terrena solum sapimus.
    sapmus. Ac ideo ad sapientiam et gratia.m
    gratiam G 62
    quam illi habebant, vix respicere po5sumus.
    possumus.
    Verum quoniam arrogantia
    aogantia 110stra
    nostra facit, ut nulla auetoritas,
    aucttas, 11ec
    nec t
    etiam ubi sola pIurimum
    etia.m
    plurimum potest, nobis satisfaciat, de .si. particuIa
    particula
    35 dicam ad utilitatem eommunem
    communem latius et iatinum
    latinum usum et rationem
    ante oculos ponere
    panere conabor. De 10c0
    loco tamen ab auctoritate,
    auetoritate, quoniam
    multi rerum diversitate confusi abutuntur, pauca.
    pauca
    prius perstringenda.BM
    perstringendaB63
    sunt. Auctorita.s
    Auctoritas primum in scripturis maximumque
    rnaximumque possidet locum,
    parvum in naturalibus, magnum, ne summum dicam,
    dicarn, in
    grammaticis,
    grammatieis,
    ~ minotem
    minorem multo in rhetorieis,
    rhetcis, tIullum
    nullum omnino
    m in
    mathematicis,
    mathematicS, in
    quibus
    rationes
    ationes etiam a communibus Jocis fluentes
    uentes nullius momenti
    moment sunt.
    7 emeDdandb
    en>eDdandb unP"1
    -""1,..1 eDlCDd&tiA
    eneDd&tiA G B
    I 1<6
    U heDe
    bene SUp
    scripri v,,",m
    Venlm G B
    I 36 _.
    _to.
    -,1,..
    -'1'''

    ocull G B

    oculb

    GEORGll TRAPEZUNTII
    TRPEZNTII

    Aequa1iter enim stulti


    Aequaliter
    stult! sunt, ut Aristoteli placet, qui
    ab oratore demon~
    strationes requirunt
    requrunt et qui
    oommWles
    oom.mwes a mathematicis audire
    audre locos
    patuntr.
    patiuntur. Quare sicuti
    sicut eontemnendi
    contemnendi sunt, qui
    propter ignorantiam
    ad auctoritates
    auetoritates in mathematicis oonfugiunt, ita spernendi quasi p~
    prin~
    cipia negantes, qui auctoritatem
    auetoritatem in divinis scripturis
    SCpturis parum sequuntur. "
    Hie ergo auctoritas
    Hic
    auetorltas patrum pro Romanae
    usu Ecclesiae aperte facit.
    Numquam enim tsi volo.
    vo Iatine ille Iocus, semper .sie
    _sic volo.
    volo lectus est.

    Sed ratio quoque latini


    latn sennonis sic
    sie volo potius postu1at,
    postulat, quam
    si volo.
    . Id patebit, si paulo 1atius
    Iadus de .si.,
    tsi., ut diximus, patticula
    pattieula disseredssere
    mus. .Si.
    _Si. et affirmandi
    affrmandi et dubitandi vim
    vm habet. Quarum primam
    prlmam 10
    G 62 indicativo, alteram subiunetivo
    subiunctio iuncta
    iuneta oomplectitur. Verum quoniam
    dubitatio quantum ab affinnando
    affnnando reced.it, tantum ad negandum a.ccedit, temporibus praesenti et praeterito maxime, quia certiora sunt
    remque iam definitione nobisque cognitam habent, ad determinata
    impellitur. Ita fit,
    lit, ut, sicut
    sieut eum
    cum indicadvo
    indicatvo affirmationem,
    affirmadonem, sie
    sc eum15
    cum15
    B
    68 subiunctivo
    subiunetivo negationem proprie
    proprle includat. In
    futuro autem propter
    ipsius temporis incertitudinem nec per indicativum
    indicatium in
    aWrmationem
    affjrmationem
    omnino, nec per subiunetivum
    subiunctium in
    negationem devenitur, sed quantum
    in altero
    altere imminuitur
    immmuitur dubitatio, tantum in altero
    altern augetur. Cicero
    Ccero pro
    A.
    . Caecina: .quod si aliter
    aUter statuetis, videte,
    dete, ne hoc vos
    ! statuatis, qui
    2Q
    ivus disresserit,
    dsresserit, ei vim
    im non
    esse factam . Et paulo ost:
    _Hoc si ita
    vivus
    post: .Hoc
    statuetis, non
    modo
    od Don
    non erit, eur
    cur depugnare quisquam posthac posses~
    sinnis causa velit, sed ne illud quidem cur
    sionis
    cUT repugnare . Et
    in
    prima
    Tusculanarum quaestionum: .Quid
    _Quid ergo, si
    s1 <te )> rogavero aliquid?
    Nonne respondebis?
    resondebis? In
    eadem dicam, si potuero, latine. In
    his enim 25
    Z5
    maior subiunctivo
    subiunetivo quam indicativo dubitationis vis
    is inest. Certum enim
    includi omnino
    omninn non
    potest propter futuri temporis incertitudinem.
    ineertitudinem. In

    aliis autem temporibus semper affirmatio inest eonditioni,


    conditioni, eum
    cum n~
    indi~
    canti iungitur modo, negatio
    negatto cum
    euro subiungenti.
    subiungeDt. Vel in
    n quinta
    quinto Aeneidos:
    tMe si cae1ioolae volnissent
    voJnsSef1t ducere vitam,
    has mihi servassellt
    serassent sedes .
    In
    eodem expressius: t
    non si ipse meU5
    meus nunc
    nune adforet Hector.
    Idem in
    buoolcis:
    buoolieis:
    .Saepe
    _Saepe malum hoc nobis si mens non
    laeva fuisset,
    de cae10 tactas
    taetas memini praedicere quercus
    quereus .
    Gli3Item:
    G3tem:
    tNumeros memini, si verba tenerem.
    li: sequuntu
    sequuntu~ G sec
    ,..,.,untu~ B
    1l
    a' deJinitwne]
    deJiniti<Jne] diffinitione
    dj{finiton., C B
    I
    20 $tatueti.
    statueti. "e.
    ~4jl. statueN
    ~4l.
    statuia B
    I 21 ei
    " ."". "<I.
    e4i1 . et
    " n G ! 2
    Z2 str.tuetis]
    ststuets] &tatueri~ B
    I 32 .dlout
    adfout
    ",""IN
    ",""/ affert
    aftert B
    G
    20 Cic.
    Cle. Pn>
    Ca.dn.
    C ..... lna ~6. I 21 Cic.
    Cie. Pro c..
    Caecina
    ....ina 47.
    ~7. , 24 Clc.
    Cle. TUS(:.
    Tus;:. I '7.
    '7 I
    V u8il. Aen.
    Ac ... II
    e~l!lI. Eclns.
    Eclol!. I .6
    "'I .' I
    30 Verl!.
    "l!. Aen. 11 64' 8'1.. I 32 VergH.
    5~", \ 34 V
    erl!lI.
    .61"1
    :r1 VerlliI.
    l!l. Eclos:.
    Eclot:. IX
    45.

    .oe_

    ..
    "

    ADVERSUS THEODQRUM GAZ,ur.


    GAZ,u.

    333

    100m
    100 in prirno
    primo Aeneidos:
    .Si datur Italiam sociis et rege recepto
    tendere, ut Italiam laeti Latiumque petamus;
    sin
    te,
    , pater optime Teucrum,
    5in absumpta salus, et
    Ii
    portus habet Libyae nec
    ne<: spes iam restat luli,
    Iuli,
    at freta Sicaniae saltem sedesque paratas,
    unde buc advecti,
    adveeti, regemque petamus Acestem
    Acestern .

    B
    69

    Item in libello, qui bac sola de causa. mmons


    mnoris auctoritatis
    auetoritatis e5t,
    est, quod
    pueris etiam certissimus est, sic
    sie legitur:
    10
    .Si
    .5 deus est animus nobis,
    ut carmina
    canina dicunt,
    dieunt,
    hie tibi
    hic
    bi praecipue PUt(l
    pura sit
    5it mente colendus .
    Hie
    Hic enim
    adeo expressam affirmandi
    affirmand vim conditio possidet,
    ut
    multi
    U pro tquoniam. accipere audeant,
    audea.nt, non
    recte quidem illi, sed tarnen
    an
    tolerabilius quam il,
    , qui dubitandi
    dubtandi potestatem buic
    buie particu1ae
    particulae semper
    lliattribuunt.
    IIiattribuunt. Venun quoniam 5ive
    sive affirmationem sive negationem inclucondtionis nota est. Semper enim
    consequentiam
    consequentam rerum
    d.at, semper conditionis
    dat,
    ostendit. Idcirco si conditio
    condito in affirmationem
    affrmationem tandem exit, indicativo
    iungitur
    iung:itur et absolvitur. Si sol
    $ est super terram,
    teram, dies est. Si
    5 sol
    501 non
    no
    et
    est super terram,
    teram, non est dies.
    des. Sin
    5 vero conditio in
    . negationem exit,20 de inclusa semper,
    semper , non
    no de expressa loquor subiunetivo et ineipientes
    subiunctivo
    incipientes
    et desinentes utimur. Si
    5 sol
    $ esset super terram,
    teram, dies esset, Si
    5 sol
    $01 non

    esset super tenam, non


    esset die5
    dies ; sed die5
    dies est . Id enim e('essario
    nessao
    assumitur in similibus
    siilibus praepositionibus, quoniam duae negationes sunt,
    altera expre55a,
    expressa, altera inc1usa.
    nc1usa.
    G 63"
    26
    Sed Ciceronis
    Cicerons quoque usu haec eomprohemus.
    comprobemus. In
    epistula ad 1
    1
    Curionem: tQuare, si iniquus es in me iudex, condemnabo eodem egoB69"
    9"
    te crimine. Sin
    5 me id facere
    faeere noles,
    noIes, te mihi
    nihi aequum praebere
    praehere debebis .
    Jibro de eaelo
    caelo et mundo : .t Atqui si pulcber est, is mundus et
    !
    Idem in libro
    ldem
    si probus eius artifex,
    , profecto speciem aeternitatis imitari
    im.itari voIuit
    .
    voluit.'
    30 ldem
    Idem in prima Tusculanarum
    TuscUanarum quaestionum: .Perfice,
    .Perfiee, si potes,
    ut ne
    moriendum quidem miserum putem..
    putern.. Et
    statim:
    stati: .Quoniam si post
    mortem
    hil est ma1i,
    eadem
    mortern nihil
    maU, ne mori quidem est ma1um.,
    malum . Item in
    quaestione : .t Quia, si
    5 mori etiam mortuis miserum, etiam infinitum
    if
    quoddam et sempitemum malum esset in
    vita.t Idem in epistola ad
    3Ii Curionem: tQui cum suis laudibw
    laudbw twn
    turn vero te filio superasset omnium
    fortunam, si
    5 ei contigisset,
    contigsset,
    ut te ante videret, quarn
    quan e vita discederet .
    1"
    a toJ",rabi1lul
    toJerabillul G tolt",rabiJiu8
    toUerabillu. B
    I 28 ... t G es
    B
    I 31 lli
    $ G B]
    ] .du.
    ..il. <>M.
    <1. I 33 moti
    morI
    GB 1110<8
    I1Iors .dU.
    ..;. I etiam G B
    ",...,
    u..,t ..ll
    11", .. I :u cuet
    coet G B
    b a beremu
    beremll s .d;I.
    ..;.
    2 Ve
    Ver,i!.
    r gil. Aen. I $$)-n8.
    $$3-n8. I 26 Ci
    C i e.
    c. Ep.
    . ad talD.
    nil. II 1. I . I 28 Cle.
    Clc. Tirn.
    Tim. 6 . I
    30 Cie.
    Cc. Tuoc.
    Uc. I 1$
    1$.. I 31 Ci e.
    c. Tu_e
    Usc . I x6.
    6. I 33 Cie.
    Cic. TII.'IC.
    TlI.'IC. I 5.
    Z$. I
    Ci e.
    c. Ep.
    . ad
    famll.
    uill. II
    3.

    :u.

    334

    GEORGIl
    GEORGII TRAPBZUNTII
    TRAPEZUNTII

    Item in prima Tusculanarnm:


    Tusculananm: tCuperem equidem utrumque, si posset.
    Sed est diffici1e
    diffcile confundere. Quare si,
    ut ista non
    djsserantur,
    rljsscrantur, liberan
    lberari
    metu mortis possumus, id
    d agamus;
    agamus ; sin
    sm id non
    potest nisi hac quaestione
    animorum explanata, nune,
    :, si videtur,
    vieletur, hoc. illud alias. Et
    statim:
    .Nam si cor
    co aut sanguis aut cerebrum est animus, certe, quoniam est s
    5
    corpus, interibit eum
    cum corpore. Si anima est, fortasse dissipabitur. Si
    ignis, exstinguetur.
    exstnguetur. Si est Aristoxeni harmonia, dissolvetur . Item in
    epistola ad Lentulum: .Neque,
    ut ego arbitror, crearent
    earent ne adversarii
    adversar
    G quidem eius, si eurn
    curn pares esse non
    possunt, pugnare desisterent .
    GM
    B
    60
    Non errarent,
    crrarent, inquit. si non
    pugnarent. Sed pugnant. Errant ergo.IO
    ergo. 10
    Duplex enim expressa et
    ct occulta negatio inest. Il1ud
    IUud vero in RuUum
    Rullum IV

    nonne apertissime ostendit et


    ct affirmationem indicativo includit
    inc1udit et pro
    quoniam nullo modo eapi
    capi posse .Si ostendo, inquit,
    nquit, noll
    nOIl modo (adimi>
    euiquam
    cuiquam glebam te Syllanis
    Syllans a~is, sed etiam genus id agrorum certo
    eapite
    capite legis impudentissime eonfirmari
    cODfrmari et sanciri, si doceo agris hs,15
    bis, 15
    qui
    qu (a) Sylla
    Syl1a sunt dati,
    <lati, sic
    sie diligenter
    dilgenter Rullum sua
    5 lege consulere,
    ut
    facle appareat eam legern
    Iegem non
    a nostrorum commodorum
    faeile
    cornmodorum patrono, sed
    a Valgi genero esse conscriptam,
    conscripta:n, num quid est causa, Quirites, quin
    qin
    illa criminatione, qua in
    me absentem usus est, non
    solum
    so mearn,
    :neam,
    sed etiam
    etam vestram di1igentiam
    diligentiam prudentiamque despexerit?c
    despexerit? t Quid opus 20
    est plurbus?
    pluribus? Natura rerum et quotidianus ostendit usus. Si ego te
    semper amavi, si semper observavi, si semper colui,
    co, cur me odisti?
    odistii'
    Cur persequeris? Si amavisses tu me umquam,
    urnquam, si observasses, si coluisses,
    colusses.
    non
    te odissem neque persequerer. Si venio ad te, si adsum tibi, cur
    mihi irasceris?
    irasceris ? Si venires,
    venres, si adesses, non
    irascerer. Verte in
    his,
    bis, modo 25
    et videbis rem universam statim everti. Si ego te semper amavissem,
    si observassem, si coluissem, cur me od.isses?
    odisses? Nihil enim
    enm haec verba
    continent.
    contnent .
    Cum ergo haec non
    magis dicendi usu quam rerum natura ita se

    B
    6O habeant,
    babeant, quando nec
    negatio nec
    dubitatio re inest, indicandi
    indcandi utendwn
    utendum 30
    GM-est
    Gw,-est modo.
    rnodo. Negatio autem
    autern et dubitatio omnitJo
    omnino eontraria
    cotJtraria loco illi est.
    Utrumque enim
    enm et a Christo
    ChrSto Domino ac vero Deo et ab ipsis rebus
    omnino alienissimum est. Nam si nullo potest modo ita
    dici .nolo
    .
    eum manere, quid ad te ?', J1ec
    nec si vel1em
    vellem eum
    eurn manere, quid ad te ? dici
    dci
    potest.
    Non potest autem
    autern primum,
    prirnum, non
    nOJ1 potest igitur secundwn.
    secundum. Nam 35
    si Petrus, eum
    cum mortem
    martern suam audiret.
    audiret, gratia consolationis,
    consolationS. ut Cyrillus
    sentit, interrogat; .Domine,
    .Domne. hic autem
    autern quid ? si etiam Dominus
    Domnus volens
    valens
    Y

    , uplanaU.] explicata
    expIicatt. d;/.
    ;. I 8
    C01'po]
    C01'pou] reliquo corpore
    corpora ,.4
    4iJ .. I 13 <adimi)
    < adii) ..c.
    d;/.
    I 14 agris .... .,d;l.
    16 (<aa ) u;
    _ .
    11 IlOStro;. !
    d;l. agetil
    agetI B
    , 15
    1:5 et G B
    atque ;l. I 16
    . d;l. I 11
    uostrorulll
    ves!:rorUIIl d.
    4. vulgi
    ..C. dij.
    G B
    ves!:rorulll
    . I 18 Valgi
    V&\gi .... 64;.
    vuIgi G B
    I gellCr'O
    g"uCr'O .....
    d. genen>
    Ir""ero G B

    .,#1.

    1 CIe.
    CI ". Tusc.
    Tnsc. 1 ~;.
    ~3. j I)
    ) Cle. TIUIC.
    Tc. I ~ ... J 8 Cie.
    Ci~. Ep.
    . ad
    _1 famJ.\
    famlJ . 1 8. ~. j 13 CJc.
    De
    Oe leg.
    Ieg. agr. III
    Il 3.

    ADVERS\JS THEODORUM GAZAM.

    335

    abducere removereque ipsum ab huiusmodi vana vel cura vel solatio,


    quod patientibus similia 50let
    solet insurgere, respondet,
    respondel, nullum profecto
    habel locum
    habet
    Iocun negatio. NoUe
    Nolle namque ipsum manere, velle ipsum mori
    m
    significa.t.
    sgnifcat. Quare nec ilIud:
    lIud; ~uid ad te? posset inferri. Similiter si quis
    !\
    !5 non
    dixerit:
    diet: si
    , vellem, ubi negatio apertius inest, sed si
    ' velim, ubi
    dubitatio
    dubitato ac ambiguitas magis includitur, nuUo
    nullo posset pacto, tquid
    tqud
    ad te? dici. Relinquitur ergo, !
    ut indicativa sit et affinnatio inclu~
    datur.
    Quod res quoque ipsa flagitat
    lagitat . eum
    Cum enim carpitur
    carpitu Petrus minime I
    lOad
    toad ipsum pertinentia quaeritans, quae autem res rei quadrat, toUe
    tolle
    particulam, et videbis;
    videbis: volo
    l eum manere.
    manere, volo
    l B
    61
    adiectarn conditionis particuIam,
    eum non
    mori, quid ad te ? Quoniam ergo tSi volo
    l eum manere. affir
    affir~
    mationem omnino includit, prudentissime, doctissime, optime lSie
    sic
    eum volo
    l maneret patres sancti
    saneti dixerunt. Hoc
    H oc enim
    erum simplicitati,
    simplcitati, diluci
    diluci~
    15 dationi certissimaeque consuetudini evangelicomm
    evangelicorum verborum apprime
    oongruit. Illud longius
    Iongius abesse ignorantia iam nostra ostendit. Ita enim GM
    5
    pingues ingenio indoctique sumus,
    5umus,
    ut tantam inter ISi
    s volo manere.
    et fSiC
    fSic volo eum manere. faciamus differentiam, quanta maxima
    maXma esse
    possit, hoc est quanta est inter affirmationem
    affrmationem et negationem.
    negationern. Quae
    20tamen nulla est,
    ut dixirnus,
    dxirnus, nisi expressionis atque dilucidationis.
    mhi sermonis auctoritatem
    auetoritatem incutiat, sciat
    seiat haec, tl

    Quodsi quis graed


    graeci mihi
    quae de ISi.
    s. particula dicta sunt, simili
    simil etiam
    etam graecae particulae ad
    unguem convenire. tEant ilIi
    subiunctivo
    subiunetivo iungunt, et
    el affirmatio in

    praesenti semper includitur. Ceteris temporibus,quae derivatione


    devatne diversa
    25 SUt
    ' potestate .eant,
    .cant, - ad futud
    futuri enim significationem raetetum
    praeteritum in
    subiunetivo transit - futuri dubitatio natura inest. Sed multi verbis
    5ubiunctivo
    inhiantes nec
    nee rem ullam intelligunt et verba quoque recte tenere non
    possunt. Vertat, si
    , quis vult, exempla quae dicam.
    dieam, in graecum
    graecun ser
    ser~
    monem,
    nlonem, et videbit aperte. Comedenti feria sexta carnes dicitur: carnesB 61
    61"
    Respondet: si comedo, quid ad te? aut
    au t etiam
    etam sic:
    sie:
    3Ocomedis hodie? Respondet;
    ita oomed.o.
    oomedo. Bibenti
    Bibentj merum vinum dicltur;
    dicitur: merum tu bibis vinum?
    Respondet: si
    , bibo, quid ad te? aut etiam illo
    llo modo;
    modo: sic
    sie bibo, quid
    qud
    a.d te? Haec si graece dicuntur,
    dieuntur, idem omnmo
    omnno sensus et ea.dem
    eadem res signi.
    signj~
    ficabitur,
    ha.betur verbis.
    Non enim institutione hominum,
    ticabitur. quae la.tinis habetur
    35 sed natura compositionis
    compostionis ver.borum hoc fit.
    f. Quare necesse est apud
    omnes idem
    dem esse.
    esse, de quo latiu5
    latius disseremus, si aut nobis per hieremias
    heremias
    nune tractare
    nunc
    traetare propositum esset, aut breviter posset perstringi. Sed G 65
    hiscant, quaeso, qui se huic
    hiscant.
    huie veritati opponunt. (erte
    Certe graecis etiam
    etam
    verbis utmmque:
    utrumque: si comedo, quid ad te? sic
    sie comedo,
    comed.o. quid ad te?
    .0
    . item;
    item: si
    , bibo,
    bibo. quid ad te? sic
    sie bibo, quid ad te ? affirmationem includit,
    7 indlcativa.
    indicativ& G ;ndicatia
    ;ndicata. B
    r 14 dilucidationi
    dilucidatinni G diU"cldati
    d;Uucldat B
    I 20 dilu
    dHu cidationb]
    cdationb]
    diUucidatinBIo
    diUucdatio"I, B
    I 21 Inc"tiat
    IncBtiat G ;IICucia.t B
    I 22 qu&o
    qllac G qua B
    I 25 .....
    ......,,"
    n" uripli
    ur~
    oun B
    G
    ""UDI

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII
    I

    336

    ergo ut affiI'D1atio
    affirtnatio et negatio. Immo
    Iuno in re nihil differunt.
    In
    eo enim
    solummodo differunt, quod clarius,
    chrus, expressius, significantius
    respondetur : sic
    sie comedo, quid ad te? sic
    sie bibo. quid ad te? qulUIl:
    quun:
    sl
    si bibo, quid ad te? Illud
    Il1ud etmm
    etam
    pro meo iure
    IUfe
    si comedo, quid ad te ? sl
    dico triti sermoNs
    sermonis laHni
    latini consuetudinem non
    .sit,
    tsit, sed .sict in similibus Ii
    fiagitare.
    agitare.
    11
    i1
    Quas ob re!)
    res patre.s
    patres nostri et latinarum et graecarum litterarum
    peritissimi et quotidiani dicendi
    dicend w;us
    usus non
    ignari et sdentia
    sientia rerum
    acutissimi
    acutSsim et sanctitate praecipui et
    ! spiritus sancti gratia
    grata futurorum
    B
    62 perspicacissmi
    perspicacissimi providentes futuram
    iuturam ignorantiam
    gnorantam et arrogantiam
    aogantiam 10
    nostram
    nost.ra .sic
    .sie volo eurn maneret, non
    tsi volo
    10 eum
    eurn maneret traduxerunt.
    Illud enim numquam ab aliquo
    alquo in
    n arnbiguum trahi posset. Hoc:
    Hoc posse
    re
    ipsa rnodo vidernus. Sed illud
    ilIud forsan
    forsa animos nonnulloWffi
    nonnullorum tenebat,
    quod pau10
    paulo ost
    post infertm:
    nfertur: .nee
    tnec dixit
    dxit ei lesus,
    Iesus, quod non
    moritur, sed
    sie
    siC eum
    eurn volo
    l maneret. Haec unum re sunt, quispiam dicet. Quomodo Ui
    lli
    igitur alterum non
    dixisse Iesus
    I esus scribitur. alterum
    a1terom dixisse?
    dixisse 1 Vehemens
    scilicet haec ratio sibi videtur,
    idetur, quae omnino absur&
    absurda est. Primum
    Primn quia
    forsan non
    vis verbonun,
    verbon.m, sed verba negantur. Deinde
    Dende quia, quando
    dicitur: .sic
    .sie eum volo
    vol manere, quid ad te 1t,
    1, dicendi modo, Don
    ut
    G 560stenderet
    60senderet omnino, quod vetit
    vett eum manere, sed
    ut Petrum acriter20
    carperet, quod aliena nihilque sibi profutura quaereret. quodque
    non
    deberet ex simili allorum
    aliorn malo solatium
    solatiurn capere, tali
    tall usus est.
    Si autem dictum
    dictn fuisset: nol0 eum
    euro mori, quid ad te?
    te 1 Petms
    Petrus quidem
    quidern
    non
    on solum carperetur, sed quasi
    qua.si repelli contemnique videretur, loannes
    Ioannes
    autem
    mori significaretur.
    sgnificaretur. Tantum
    Tantn igitur interest, quod25
    Rutem necessario non
    hoc modo ad emendationem Petri omnia dicta videntur,
    identur, illo autem
    no mori ]oannem quasi ex proposito
    non
    proposita fuisset pronunciatn.
    pronunciatum.
    ".
    Quas
    QM ob res summa mihi
    milli evangelio videtur
    idetur fieri
    lieri iniuria, si quis
    non
    modo
    rnodo dixerit,
    dixert, verum
    verom etiam cogitRverit
    cogitaerit emeodandum
    emendandum esse hunc
    hune
    B
    62 evangelii
    evangel locum, et tanta, ut moriendum
    mariendum
    pltius sit quam patiendum.30
    patiendum. 30
    Nec dubito, si quis defendendo id evangelicum mortem
    mortern oppetat, eum
    martyrii habit urum coronam. Quid enim est maius legern
    legem Moysi semel
    in non
    comedendis
    cornedendis suum carnibus nOD
    servasse, an locum evangelii
    evangel
    hunc commutare? Hoc
    oc profecto
    prolecto tanto maius atque periculosius est,
    quanto evangelium legi Moysaicae praestat, quanto veritas figu.ram
    figuram 35
    excedit, quanto qui venturm;
    venturus erat, praesignjficante
    praesignificante ipsum
    ipsun unbra
    umbra ex~
    cellentior. Adde, quod esus carnium ... ; 0010
    nolo plura dicere. Levior
    LeVor enim
    mim
    videri possem parumque catholicus,
    catholcus, si rem legis Moysaicae multo
    m
    uti camibus, uni evangelico apici confenem.
    conferrem.
    maiorem, quam sujJJjnis
    sIj JJinis
    11
    11
    Haec eum
    cum ita se habeant,
    ha.beant, quis nescit Machabaeorum
    Machaba.eorum historiam
    historiam?1 40

    Illi
    1 oe
    ne porcinis
    plrcinis esseot
    essent camem, mortem
    martern subierunt
    subie.runt et martyrii
    martyr coronaro
    corona

    Non diffenmt
    dffen..nt

    14 IMU.
    INu. G HiN""
    "" B
    r 18 'lwa
    qwa BJ
    G _. r 39 ... illiIIio
    iD..z:

    urip;
    ur/>l

    .ul
    .uI librll
    Ibd B

    337

    GAZAM.
    ADVEHSUS THEODOR UM GA'AM.

    suscepisse
    5Us:episse creduntur. Exstat Gregorii Nazianzeni
    Nazianzeoi oratio, viri
    inter
    G 56"
    ecclesiae
    e:lesae doctores 8odeo
    adeo illustris,
    ut beatus Thomas null80
    nulla in
    re ipsum
    errasse
    easse coru;c:ripserit.
    consc:ripserit. Ea
    E80 in
    n oratione
    ut m80rtyres
    martyres et pra.e<::ipui martyrum
    Machabaei laudaotur.
    M80chabaei
    laudantur. Si
    5 ergo illi, quoni8om
    quoniam porcinas esse cames ne
    11 morte quidem cogi potuerunt, m80rtyrii
    martyrii gloriam in
    caelis consecuti
    coosecuti
    sunt, quod ego minime 8ombigo,
    ambigo, et t80nti
    tantj doctoris et ecclesiae communi
    mm
    opinione eonfitmatus
    cooftm.atus <quaero): quomodo non
    erunt
    eront martyres, si
    qui
    <
    propter integritatem evangelii
    eV80ngeli mortem
    m ortem oppeterent et mori pot
    potius quam
    quicquam in
    quicqu80m
    evangelio mutari vel1ent?
    vellent? Aut
    quomodo catholicus
    catholcus ortho- B
    63
    10
    lO doxusque dici
    vere poterit, qui nulle
    10 periculo imminente
    mminente verba evaogelli
    evangelli
    commutanda esse praedicet? Patet
    P80tet enim, quia,
    <a, si
    posset, qui dicit
    dieit
    hat(:,
    hat:, multo peiora faceret, quam praedicat .
    Sed nimium
    m focta5Se
    foctasse longe a80 proposito evagati
    ev80gati sumus, quarnvis
    quamis 14
    nihU
    nhl ego nimium a:rbit.ror, quod ad pietatem evangelicam
    evangelieam pertioeat.
    pertineat.
    111
    U De qua nonnihil egt"essi
    egressi diximus, quoniam indocte, immo
    m insane,
    nsae
    .sie
    .
    particulam subiunctivo
    subiunetivo indifferenter indicativoque Cagulei 8odiungunt.
    adiungtUlt.
    Fuimusque longiores,
    ut horum
    h orum modorum virtus omnibus possit patere.
    N80m
    Nam et absque 8odiunctione
    adiunctione aliqu80
    aliqua verbo
    verba res ambigua subiungenti, certior
    indica.nti annectenda
    a.nnectenda est, et eurn
    cum adiunctione
    adiunetione mu1to
    multo magis. Etsi ego
    20 teamo, tu
    tamen
    tamenhabes
    habes me odio. Quamvis
    Quamis mu1t8o
    multa tu 80
    a me didieisti,
    didicsti, oul1as
    nullas
    tarnen mihi
    tamen
    mhi gratias retulisti. Quamquam tu me persequeris, ego tamen
    tarnen
    te diligo. Affirmantur haec
    haee omnia.
    m. Illa
    Il1a in
    negationem recidunt. Quam- G 67
    quam,
    <a, quamvis, etsi
    etst te amarem,
    amarern, tameo
    tarnen tu
    me
    roe odisses. Sed de his satis.
    satS.

    Nune ad te, pater, et meam ac


    ae latinae linguae
    Iinguae defensionem conversus36, I
    25 dicam non
    recte pueros tuos mihi
    sse abs te magno contemptu
    mmi tunc
    tune fuisse
    mei antepositos.
    antepositos, quando, eum
    m enumeratis quibusda.m
    quibusdam a me locis
    locs ,h
    ,h
    100 omnes. intulissem ma.sculino
    maseulino profereos
    proferens genere, et 8oliqui,
    aliqui, quasi
    1atine
    dxissem, earperent,
    carperent, tu sicut
    latnae linguae magister prae-B 63
    Don
    laHne dixissem,
    sieut laUnae
    cipuus, ne audito quidem me pueris reclamantibus tuis, 80d
    ad me
    roe conco30 versus dixisti: 0 Georgi, Georgi, senex iam es tu, et ideo
    idee titubas; hi
    adoles:eotes sunt, et ideo haec:
    haee multo te melius tenent. Exponam
    Expoam
    vero adolescentes
    ad communem utilitatem et Cagu1eorum
    Caguleorum et tu80m
    tuam verbi huius potestatem.
    Nec enim res ab hoc opusculo 80liena
    aliena est. Locus tam in
    singuJ.ari,
    singulari, quam
    in
    p1u.ra.1i
    plurali easdem eertissimas
    certi.ssimas habet otestates:
    potestates: primam propriam, alte
    35 ram ex tra.ns1atione
    tra.nslatione per similitudinem. Nam et hic et ille
    iUe locus latine
    latne
    dicitur. Et
    eum
    m definitas conditiones locorum subinte1ligi
    subnte1ligi volumus,
    isti
    100
    Iod dicere
    dieere debemus. Et
    quia ius
    argumentorum quasi in
    sedibus
    latet, ideo fontes eorum tam
    tarn graece
    graeee quam latine transferentes locos,
    ut Cicero aH.

    aU, appellamus. Loca vero non


    dicuntur
    dieuntur ab exquisitoribus,
    .. de illis,
    illS, quae non
    ita definite capiuntur. Unde aliqu.a
    .wnisi
    aliqu,a loca, non
    1
    Nu!a
    .. ...
    ".
    eni G N
    Natanzeol
    ..tan.zeol B
    I 3 martyns,
    n .. rtyns, martyTum]
    m.rtyrum] martires,
    n .. res, martirum
    m .. rtirum G B
    I
    8 oppeterunt) opeWnlnt
    opetennt G B
    I 9 orthodoxu"'lue] ottho<!osu"'lue
    orth)dosu"'lue G B
    I 36 definitas]
    diflinitas G B
    difIinitas
    I jQ
    j(l ddinite]
    definite] dillinite G B

    lIol>lu,
    ''' ''loJI.. 111.
    III.
    "I>I.~. K.u4h>aI
    u4h>aI l'
    !'"L.

    22

    338

    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTIl
    TRPEZNTI1

    a1iquos 10005 dixerim, et circa illa loca salutarius ct


    aliquos
    haec loca
    potins, si conditiones
    potius,
    conditiOlles eorum
    definite intelligi non
    curamus. Contra
    si qualitas
    qua1itas loconun exstat, quemadmodum cavi, saxosi, asperi.
    aspe, plani
    G 157 celebres, rleserti,
    1eserti, sacri,
    sacrl, profani, publici, pa
    privati et
    ct buiusmodi. loci
    l(1(:i
    potius quam loca dic:endum est. Id pueri tm
    nescientes c.eterique. I>

    qui acumen
    acumetl ingenii habent eorum,
    eorom, loca latine
    laHne semper. numquam Jocos
    Jooos
    B
    M
    pro significatione propra
    propria dici debere in
    plal
    plurali asserebant. Hinc tu
    magnam cis
    S laudem sicuti
    sieuti doctrina omnium
    onnm :rerum
    remm paeditis
    praeditis arrogabas.
    !I.f1g3.bas.
    Quibus ego, vide.
    video quantum
    quu:tum (ad) invidiam, addo etiam, tibi quantum ad

    litteranun
    litterarom doctrinaeque studia, quod et te et
    et"illos
    11105 quoniam
    quonam tunc
    tune dicere 10
    coram non
    licuit,
    lieuit, nunc
    nune quamvis multo ost
    post instruere
    nstruere docereque statui.
    t
    Quod
    od autem
    autern loci
    Iod et
    loca eam,
    earn, quam dicimus,
    dicim.s, habent otestatem,
    potestatem,
    citetur primum Vergilius, deinde Cicero. Vergilius in
    n primo
    prima Aeneidos:
    tDevenere locos.
    Iocos. ubi nune
    nunc ingentia cernis

    moenIa.'
    moema.'
    Jdem in
    secundo:
    Idem

    "

    tiuvat irr
    ire et
    ct Dorica castra
    c!esertosque videre locos litusque
    desertosque
    ltu5que relictum.
    Hk
    HC Dolopum manus,
    manus. hic saevus tendebat AchiJIes
    AchiJles.
    Videsne, an nondum quidem? Quia non
    Videsne.
    solum hic et hic dicturus 20
    erat, sed oculis etiam conditiones
    oondtones singulorum
    sngulorum subiecturus locos
    LOCOS in
    masculino praemisit. At
    ! illud in
    n tertio Aeneidos, quoniam nllJIas
    locomm
    locon.m conditiones
    condtiones subintelligi opus erat, in
    neutro protulit:
    tdextrum
    dextrum fuge Htus et undas.
    haec loca vi
    quondsm et vasta oonvulsa
    convulsa ruina
    25
    dissiluisse ferunt .

    not1 certi
    Cicero ad Herennium de artiliciosa memoria loquens, quia noti
    definiti loci
    Iod capiuntur, !
    ut angulus h ic, angustus aut latus, fenestra
    G 68
    8 haec, parva vel magna
    nagna et circu1aris.
    circularis, mensa haec, longa
    l et alta, vel
    brevis atque depressa ceteraque huiusmodi, centies idem nomen repetens 30
    numquam loca, semper looos
    locos scripsit. ldem
    Idem Cicero qua1emcumque
    coniecturalem tractans statum praecepta nobis scribit, quoniam, quando
    coniectura1em
    a locis
    Iods arguimus,
    arguinus, numquam loca . semper locos dixit.
    dx. Audi
    Ad eum
    euro ad
    .....
    quaetur, celebris
    ceJebS an desertus. semper aut tunc,
    B
    64" Herennium: .Locus quaeritur,
    tune,
    eum
    cum id factum sit,
    St, fuerit
    {uet in
    eo 1000
    loco solitudo, sacer an profanus, publicus
    publieus 3Ii
    s;
    an privatus, cuiusmodi loci
    ao
    loc attingant
    attngant . Id est,
    1, cuiusmodi
    cuiusmod conditiones
    oondtiones
    t aalut."iul
    _Iut"rlIII ut"ipsi
    Si Sahuti
    S&lut:i".
    ... G
    GB
    I
    :I
    : quemadmodulD
    quemadmodur G
    G quod B
    I
    30 ceteno.que]
    ceten.que1
    ceten I huill
    huiu.nodi
    "/.
    I 33 .:.
    ",,.;ps; Io/:io
    :. B
    I 34 ..
    ut tu.nc
    ... tu .....iI.
    Beeten,
    .... odi G hili
    ... B
    ~ "'rips;
    aut
    tune G B
    .
    t-&
    -. VHgiI.
    Vugil. Ae".
    AeD. I 365 oq.
    q. I 17 VergII.
    VerglI. "eI>.
    Ae ... It
    21-9.
    21_9. I 2f, VergIl.
    VergII. AeD. 111
    IU
    4'3_.6. I 34 eie.
    4'3-..6.
    Clc. Ni
    d Hete"D.
    HeteDD. nr 7.

    ADVERSUS THEODORUM GAZAM.


    quoque habeant loci.
    vicini
    Iod. Nam sl
    si nisi la.tos aut angustos, sa.xosos,
    gurgustiosos, celebres
    ce1ebres aut desertos esse noverimus
    cavos, prominentes, gurgu.stiosos,
    c.eteraque huiusmodi, nihil modo afferre ad causam poterimus.
    plterimus.
    Quando igitur conditiones n.aturasque
    naturasque loconun
    locorum un.a
    una eum
    cum ipsis accipi
    I'i; volumus, locos proprie dicimus. At ubicumque
    ubieumque locum, id
    d est spatium,
    solum capimus,
    capmus, numquam 1oci, semper loca Cicero et Vergilius dicunt.
    Cicero
    Ccero de lege agraria 11: Kuut
    sunt loca publica urbis, sunt sa.cella.t
    sa.ce11a Et
    !
    paulo
    pau10 post: tqui a.gri, quae loca, quae aedificia.t
    aediicia.t In
    eod.em: fdemigra
    demgra
    turos
    tUTOS in illa loca nostt'OS
    nost't'O!> homines propter agro=
    agronun bonitatem et omnium
    10 rerum copi.a.m
    copiam.t
    . At
    isti quidem sic.
    sie. Ceteri vero, qui non
    no ita exacti
    fuerunt, indifferenter mibi locos et loca dixisse
    dixsse videntur.
    Loca tamen
    tarnen ro
    pro trans1ata
    translata signifieatione,
    signficatione, id est ro
    pro sedibus
    sedbus argu.
    mentorum. nemo dicet 1atine,
    !atine, neque id absque ratione.
    atione . Nam quoniam
    quonam
    non
    loca, sed loci dicimus. quando condit.iones
    conditiones locorum intelligi
    intellig
    11
    l' volwnus,-nullum autem
    autcm argumentwn e loco recte capitur. nisi naturaG ISS"
    S8"
    10ci pentus
    penitus cognoscatur - merito non
    no loca. sed 10c0s
    locos sedes argumentorum vocamus. Ad baec omnia
    omna translata significatio
    sgn.io propriam semperB 6IS
    6S
    supponit. Nec enim
    enm ridere prata dicere umquam transferendo
    tcansferendo poterimus. nisi
    risum hominis
    bomins esse primo cognoverimus. Sedes nobis argu20 mentorum 100
    Ioci appellantur.
    appeUantur. quoniam.
    ut ipse Cicero
    Ccero in topicis
    ait.
    quasi ces
    res locatae in
    sedibus suis sicut in 10cis latent. Loci ergo suam,
    id est propriam
    propriarn primum
    prlmum retinent
    retment signilicationem.
    signIicationem. quam
    qHam diximus.
    dximus. Deinde
    per simjJitudinem
    simjlitudnem ad argumentorum
    argurnentorum sedes transferuntur. Quare patet,
    quando certi definitique 10ci ostenduntur. locos non
    loca esse dicendum .
    enm eum
    cum particu1ariter
    particulariter loci
    Iod cemuntur proprieque periciuntur,
    perspiciuntur,
    Statim enim
    conditiones quoque suas oculis
    ocutis subci
    subici necesse est. Sal1ustius
    Sallustius in Iugurthino : .Id oppidum a Sidons
    gurthino:
    Sidoniis conditum est. quO!:l accepimus
    accepmus profugos ob discordias
    discordas civiles navibus in
    n eosdem locos
    tocos venisse.t
    venisse . Nam
    quoniam oppidum antea nominaverat, loca latine dicere minime
    minme po00 terat.

    Non dixi haec.


    baec. pater optime, quod
    quoll numquam optassem pueris I
    me tnis abs te praefeni,
    praeferri, sed
    ut ostendam multis iam abs te annis vitam,
    vtam,
    honorem, fortunas meas insidiis
    nsidiis peti. fortunas quidem et honorem
    apertius.
    apetius. quippe qui palam saepius coramque dixisti.
    dixsti. vitam
    vtam autem
    SIi occultius.
    occultus. ita tamen,
    tarnen,
    ut et verbis et litteris tuis deprebendi id quoque
    possit. Orarem obtestarerquc
    obtestarerque te. ut aliquando desisteres. si crederem
    cederem
    quicquam me profecturum. Ipse tu testis es ad hos usque dies omnia
    omna B
    My

    me ad honorem tuwn. quantum fieri


    lieri potuit.
    pltuit. cogitasse. dix.isse. fecisse. G 69
    9

    SrJl".ti".

    26
    2 SrJhll". G SaJotI
    SaJot:Is
    ... B
    1
    lugurthlDo
    tgurth!DO G I"""rtiDo
    I"II"rto B

    Cle. De lege
    )6. 1 8 Cie.
    Cle. De I~I"
    l~g.. agr.
    1 Clc.
    Icg. agr.
    a. 11 36.
    Cic. De Jcce
    Ic agr. Il 38. 1
    8 Clc.
    .
    11 4~. 1
    20 cf. CIc.
    C le . Top.
    . 1 *'I.
    *'. I 'l:f
    'l:T Seil.
    S.II. Do bdlo 1\1&. 18. 1.

    ,.,.

    340

    GEORCIl TRAPEZUNTII

    Tu quare satiari
    satiar calamitatibus
    calamitatibu5 meis nequeas,
    nequea.s, ipse videris. Sed de his
    bis
    quoque iam satis sit.
    87,1
    87,
    Hine onmes,
    Hinc
    onues, qui hune
    c libnun
    librun lecturi sunt, oro, hortor obtestorque,
    ut non

    alia
    ala de causa magis quam veritatis amore credant hunc
    hune me
    scribendi
    scribend laborem sumpsisse.
    sumpssse. Habui a1ias
    alias multo maiores causas, multo- 11
    que iustiores,
    iustores , si
    , privaa
    privata consideras, quae me impellebant in
    Theodorwn
    Theodorum
    scribere. Attamen ne cogitavi quidem id facere.
    faeere. Contemnendos namque
    huiusrnodi homines potius ego quam vexandos semper putavi. Verum
    eum
    cum viderem
    iderem Aristotelis problemata penitus ab eo subversa. nec phlo
    philosophiae nec mihi deesse statui, praesertm
    praesertim eurn
    curn multis rationibus 10
    coniiciam
    coniciam gradurn modo facere
    faeere Cagulws,
    Cagulws. quo ostea
    postca possnt
    possint facilius,
    si
    , philosophiam,
    ut opinantur, deiicient, theologiam acrius
    acrus atque vehementius aggredi. Habent, quem imitantur, cuius vestigia sequuntur,
    sequuntur.
    quem admirantur, quem colunt.
    ~
    Fuit quidam in
    Pe1oponneso
    Peloponneso vir omnino
    m impius atque infidelis,lIi
    infidelis,15
    cui Ge.mistus nomen Cuit. Is,
    I s, dum vivebat, multos a fide
    lide Christi ad
    spurcissimas gentilium opiniones detorsit et post mortem libro5 reliquit
    spurcissi.mas
    - iam eni.m
    enim biennio mortuus est - de republica inscripto5, ubi fundamenta tOtiU5
    tOtiu5 impietatis
    ImpIetatis iudicio iecit 5UO. Putavit
    Putait enim libri5
    libris ac
    B
    66 eloquentia sua fore, 11t
    ut omnes homines stultitias suas a1iquando
    aliquando sequan- 20
    tur. Ideo praedicabat.
    praedicabat, dum viveret.
    viveret, pa.ucis
    paucis post mortem suam
    sualn annis
    GlS9"transactis
    G"transactis ad veram Platonis theolog:iam
    theologiam universas gentes relapsuras.
    Quod sive diabolica
    dabolca suggestione sive potentIum
    potentium amicorum perfida
    perfidia
    futurum sibi persuaserit, ignoro. Sed multa eerte
    certe invenirentur, si
    5 libri
    in lucem emergerent. Nam, ut ferunt, a Demetrio Pelopunnensium
    Peloponnensium 25
    principe sive ab u:;:re,
    u:jCore, ut al
    ali aiunt, ipsius vel eremati
    cremati vel reconditi
    sunt . Quare.
    Quare, sicut
    sieut Cagulei amni
    omni cura, Opera,
    opera, studio phlosophiam
    philosophiam
    opprimere conantur, ut gradum bunc
    bune ad maiora faciant.
    faciant, sic
    sie nos
    os navare
    prima actu.
    actu, tum
    turn gradu ipsos deiicere.
    operam decet a primo
    deicere. Id facilius
    facilus fiet,
    si primum diligenter opera dabitur, ,
    ut, si combusti non
    sunt.
    sunt, illiu530
    illius30
    imp libri eruantur protrahanturque e tenebris et incendio consecrenimpii
    tur, - vebementer
    vehementer enim
    enm timeo,
    timen, ne servati magnum postea damnum
    damllUm
    imbecillioribus faciant,
    faciant. et maxime miseris Graecis, qui propter ignorantiam solis verborum
    erborum lenociniis ducuntur
    dueuntur - deinde si via
    va et ratione.
    ratione,
    quam osteodi.mus,
    ostendimus, singula
    sngula pbilosophi
    philosophi problemata,
    problernata, quae omnia Cages35
    pe.rvertit, eum
    pe.rertit,
    cum als
    aliis traductionibus
    traduetionibus conferantur, et res, quae dicuntur,
    dieuntur,
    altius investigeotur.
    investigentur. Nam rerum natura in
    singulis cognita illico imi.mpudentia, perfidia, ignorantia
    pudentia.
    ignarantia Caguleorum patebit. Quae cum in
    lucem
    prodierit, nisi
    prodierit.
    nis1 meritae ipsis
    Ipsis gratiae eitius
    citius referantur.
    referantur, vereor,
    vereor. ne nacti,
    ut sperant, quod Deus avertat, potentem aliquem,

    alquem, qui
    sibi faveat,40
    sequllotur
    sequIIDtur G
    G IleCUDtur
    ecuotur B
    I 15 Peloponncso
    Pelopooeso G
    G PeIoponeso
    Peloponeso
    .emlaoo
    Iemlaco B
    G ) 28 buc:]
    bunc] bllk:
    blli(: B
    .fO
    .f() laveat]
    Javeat] J_veant
    Javeant B

    13

    B
    I 16

    Gemistusl
    GenH]

    ADVERSS
    ADVER$U$ THEODORUM
    THEODORM GAZAM.
    GAZ.M.

    34'

    omna diruant, subvertant,


    subverta.nt, prosternant. Quae
    Qe tamen,
    omnm
    tarnen, quanto ma.gisB86
    magisB86"
    ruerint foediusque propter multorum impietatem, quorum exernpIo
    exemplo
    euneta
    cuncta labascunt, calcata iacuerint,
    iaeuerint, tanto sublim.ius
    sublimius ab eo erigentur, G 60
    qui potest vel a lapidibus suscitare filios
    os Abrahae. Turcorum enim
    enin
    IS potentia, quae nunc
    nune lato omnia vastat, ad Dominum quibus ipse
    novit viis, oonversa
    conversa facile
    faeile omnis impietas
    im.pietas e terns
    terris depeUetur. Quod
    ego et multis allis
    ailis rationibus
    ra.tionibus et praecipue veritatis viribus, quae maximae sunt, fretus et saepe alias
    alas praedixi futurum et nunc
    nune scribere non

    erubesco.
    10
    Illud pra.eterea
    Il1ud
    praeterea non
    ignorare omnes velim me non
    vituperandiI
    vituperandi'
    causa verbis in
    Caguleos asperioribus usum fuisse,
    fuSSe, sed partim quoniam
    sie posse ipsos
    sic
    ipoos resipiscere pra.edixi
    praedixi futurum, a.rtim
    partim quia rerum
    rerurn indignitas maiora flagitat.
    dignita.s
    fla.gta.t. Nam nisi resipiscant, rebus ego eos, non

    emendandos arbitror. Id tanto


    bnto difficilius erit, quanto magis,
    verbis ernendandos
    luantequam
    Sa.ntequam puniaotur,
    punial1tur, simpliciorum animos occupabunt.
    occupa.bunt. Quod ne accidat, ut mea pra.edicere,
    praedicere, ita virorum dignitate.
    dgnitate . auctoritate,
    auetoritate, potentia
    summorum interest
    summorom
    Interest providere.
    Acta iam mihi est Aristotelis
    Astotelis philosophiae,
    phi!osophiae, veteru.mque inter- 38.
    pretum ac
    ae philosopbantium
    philosopbantiurn omnium causa,
    ca;a., AlfoDSe
    Alfose rex inclyte, quare
    20 ipse quidem officium meum erga
    erga. eos ro
    pro pietate. qua ipsos, ut debeo,
    summopere colo,
    0010, diligenter ro
    pro viribus servavi et, quousque supereritB 67
    vita, servabo.
    vita.,
    serva.bo. ReHquum
    Reliquum est,
    ut tua maiestas non
    aliter eorum omnium
    causam suscipiat, quam regem
    causa.m
    regern phi1osophun
    philosophurn decet. Id abs te Aristoteles
    depravatus
    prisei interpretes a Theod.oro,
    depra.vatus a Caguleis petit. Id abs te prisci
    25 quasi magn.i
    magni mali
    ffial causam praebuerint, falso accusati postulant. Id
    abs te A1berti,
    Alberti, Aegidii, Burlaei, ceteri omnes veterum interpretamento-- G 60"
    rum oommentatores
    rom
    cornmentatores et maxime
    maxme Thomas, vir non
    magis philosophia,
    quam sanctitate praecipuus. quos quasi nihi1
    nihil ad utiHtatem eomrnunem
    communem
    qua.m
    attulerint,
    attu1erint, quia priscos mterpretes
    nterpretes secuti
    seeuti sunt, insequitur Cages, magna
    rnagna
    3Ooontentione flagitant
    flagtant . Id abs te omnes medici, universus philosophorum
    3Ocontentione
    numerus, omnes theologorurn
    theologorum coetus exspectat.
    exspeetat. Id abs te ipsa phlo
    philosopbia parens, quam plurimi facis,
    taeis, quasi debitum sibi honorem requirit,
    reqUrit,
    theologia vero, eui
    cui totum te ipsum religiosissime
    reIigioSSSime tradidisti, non
    solum
    soIum
    aut ab iustissimo rege petit, verum etiam
    etiarn tibi sicut
    sieut a1umno,
    alumno, quem
    35 ablactavit,
    ablactaVt, aluit,
    a1uit, educavit,
    educavt, iubet, imperat,
    im.perat, mandat et nonnumquam
    maiestatis tuae prae indignatione
    indignatone oblita etiam roga.t,
    rogat, ut velis ipsam
    defendere atque tutari. Nam
    Narn quoniam absque Aristotelica
    Arstotelica philosophia
    Thomam
    similem in theologia docendi B
    67"
    679
    Thoma.m suum ceterosque omnes, qui simi1em
    viam a.c rationem secuti sunt, ne subintelligi
    subinteI1igi quidem posse videt,
    .0
    sibi
    sbi ipsi putat iniuriam
    niuriam fieri, euro
    cu.m Aristoteli
    Aristotel fiat. quem pervertere,
    9

    1 di""ant]
    di""antJ dirn>ant
    drnant G BI"
    " Abrco.h_
    Abra.h_ G aabft>
    H,,1m> B
    I 12 ruipiacen
    repacen G respk,;u B

    " d. Luc.
    Lllc. 3, 8.

    342

    GEORGn
    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTll
    TRPEZNTlI ADVERSUS THEOOORUM
    THEODQRUM GAZAlot.
    GAZAM.

    immo
    evertere Cages
    Gages omnibus suis suorumque viribus conatus est.
    Nec petit nec rogat
    ragat nec iubet
    solum.
    solum, sed etiam et ipsa et Aristotelica
    philosophia, philosophantes omnes operam suam pro suscepta causa
    philosopl:Ua.
    eum
    cum 8ua
    sua protectioneque tua oiferunt
    oferunt atque poIlicentur.
    pollicentur, si
    8 meritis
    metis hostes
    hastes
    suos
    8UOS atque adeo utilitatis communis afficies
    aficies supplics,
    suppliciis. si dedecore ISS
    G 61 atque ignominia notabi8.
    notabis, si
    8 quoniam verbis et scriptis
    sctis parum rnoventur,
    rnoventur.
    re coges resipiscere, si Theodori
    statues, oe
    Theod exemplo statues.
    ne quis Caguleorum
    talia in posterum audeat,
    audeat. perpetuo se tuas solidoque pnecono
    praeconio laudes
    atque gloriam
    glam celebraturos.
    1 5DOfUIII.qUll
    5110TUII1qUII G lUarwnqW!
    uarum.q .... B
    I 9 B
    &ubscr. FiDia.
    Fiia.

    NICOLAI PEROTTI
    REFUTATIO DELIRAMENTORUM
    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII.
    Mit
    dieser Schrift wandte sich
    N iccolb Perot ti gegen die Angriffe,
    d.e Georgios Trapezuntios auf Bessarions In
    CaIumniatorem
    Calumniatorem
    die
    lassen.. Trapezuntios
    Trapezuntos hatte seine Schmhschrift
    Schmihschft
    Platonis hatte ergehen lassen
    duzch
    dtU'Ch scinen
    seinen Sohn Andreas sogar der Universitit
    Universitt Paris vorlegen lassen.
    Seine a1bernen
    albernen Ausstellungen waren, wie Wilhelm Fichet, Professor
    der Pariser Universitt,
    Universitit, an
    Bessarion mitzuteilen wute,
    wu.oie, sogar schon
    in weitere Kreise
    reise gedrungen.Il Die Gegenschrift
    Gegen.schrift des Trapezuntios ist

    zutage getreten. Ein


    BiId
    Bild von
    ihr
    lt
    11 sich
    bis jetzt noch nicht wieder zuiage
    Ausztgen Perottis gewinnen. Danach stellt sie sich als
    aber aus den Auszgen
    gewhnicher Art dar. Trapezuntios als Verfasser
    ein Machwerk: ganz gewhnlicher
    der Comparationes spielte den Beleidigten. Er wuBte
    enzemen ntU'
    r
    wute im einzelnen
    zu
    sagen, wie ihn Bessarion
    Bessan falsch verstanden und verleumdet habe.
    diesen K!agen
    Perott des la.ngeren
    lngeren und breiteren aos
    aus
    Mit
    Klagen set.zt sich Perotti
    einander
    enander (c. 1-63). Fr
    Fir denjenigen, der Bessarions In
    Calumn.iatorem
    Calumniatorem
    Platonis nur
    einigermaen
    engenaBen kennt, mag diese aufgewandte Arbeit fast
    {
    iberfltssig
    bei den Ausstellungen
    berflssig erscheinen, denn es handelt sich be
    geradezu um nichtige Dinge. Dem Zeitgenossen und Freund Bessarions
    waren sie sch1imm

    schlimm genug, zuma!


    zumal das AuftIeten
    Auftreten des Trapezuntios in
    enwandfrei gewesen ist.
    s.
    vielen Punkten nicht einwandfrei
    Die Schrift Perottis ist die typische Humanisteninvektive. Sie geht
    mit
    Georgios ganz gehrig
    gehrig ins
    ns Gericht. Seine Angriffe auf Bessarion
    oll bser
    waren voll
    bser Gesinnung. Sie kennzeichnen ihn ebensogut wie seine
    frIhere Schmhschrift
    Schmihschrift gegen Gazes. Auch diese war Perotti nicht
    frhere
    unbekannt. Deswegen fehlt es bei diesem auch nicht an Grobheiten.
    Aber wir erfahren auch reichlich viel Einzelheiten,
    Eiuelheiten, die den Gegner
    besttigen, was auch andere iber
    ber ihn gesagt
    kennzeichnen und das bestitigen,
    berreichung desAlmagests an
    a Mohammed 11. als eines
    haben, wie die Obeeichung
    neuen Werkes, mit
    dem er friiher bei Nikolaus V.,
    ., Femando von
    Neapel
    und Sixtus IV.
    . schon trbe
    triibe Erfahrungen gemacht hatte.batte.- Erwa.hnt
    Erwhnt
    werden weiter seine Angriffe
    Angrffe auf Guarino, Poggio, La.enze
    Lorenzo Valla
    und
    1 Fiehets
    Fic het$ Bcle!
    Briel an B"S9rioll
    B ... rioll vom
    1 13. DeJ:ember
    De.:ember 1470
    J470 bei E.
    . LeSUlld.Cent-diJ:
    Le8nd. Cent-dU:
    I.ttf
    lattfes
    .. gneques
    gr<cqo de F1'. Filelfe.
    File1te. Paris 1892, in>
    Allhang
    A.. hang 11.
    ... Ji.
    J . .
    p. 249. Vgl. S.lId
    Ba.. d r. 387
    Graec:i W
    lltibu.
    .. ltribIIt. Ed. Jelb. Loudini
    Lo:din 1142 .
    p. 1J2 I.
    . 116.
    Hodiul Do Graec:is

    344

    NJCOLAI PEROTII
    I REFUTATlO
    REFUTATIO GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII.

    Gazes (c. 39. 92), auch da


    daB er
    wegen verschiedener Schandtaten schon
    dreimal im Gefngnis
    Gefangnis gesessen habe (c. 75). Ausfhrlich
    Ausfihrlich werden die
    niedrigen Schmeicheleien aufgedeckt, die Trapezuntios, m
    um sicb
    sieb aus
    seiner Geldnot zu sichern, in
    seinem Brief dem Sultan Mohammed dar
    da
    gebracht hatte (c.64---81).
    Schlielllch brngt
    bringt Peratti
    Perotti noch die Schmhungen
    Schrnihungen zur
    Sprache.
    Sprache, die
    Schlielich
    Trapezuntios
    rapezuntios in seinen Comparationes1 gegen die abendlandische
    abendlndische Welt.
    Welt,
    gegen Frsten,
    Firsten, Bischfe
    Bischfe und Geistlichkeit erhoben hatte (c. 8484---(1).
    91).
    Bessarion habe
    babe das
    bei seiner vomehmen
    vornehmen Art
    in
    seinem rein sachlichen
    Werk gar nicht gergt.
    ri Perotti macht noch darauf aufmerksam, Wie
    wie
    Tapezuntios soIche
    Ausfihrungen in seiner Druckausgabe nachtrii.g
    nachtrg.
    TTapezuntios
    solche Ausfhrungen
    lich wieder gekrzt
    gekint hat, um Anstoll
    Ansto zu
    venneiden.
    veneiden . Dafr
    Dafir teilt er
    die
    unterdrckten Stellen in
    unterdrckten
    seiner Schrift ausfhrlich
    ausfhrlich mit. Hier ware
    wre eine

    berprfung der Handschriften - eine


    OOpi
    cine liegt
    vor
    im Escurial. Cod. lat.
    c. IV
    15 - mit der Druckausgabe der Comparationes vorzunehmen.
    Die Invektive Perottis, von
    dessen Schriften das meiste Doch un
    gedruckt in
    italienischen Bibliotheken liegt,
    , hat ihre Bedeutung fiir
    fr
    die Geschichte
    Geschchte des italienischen
    itaJienschen Humanismus. Sie zeigt aber auch ihren
    Ver{a.sseI, das UrteiI
    Urteil G. Voigts bestii.tgend.
    besttigend, "als philologischen Ge
    Verfassei,
    lehrten", "nicht als Schngt'ist".'
    Schngt>st".
    Perottis Schrift ist in
    folgenden
    fo1genden Handschriften berliefert:
    berliefert:
    a) Venedig, Bibl.
    BibI. Mare.
    Marc. Cod. lat. VI
    210, fol.
    l. 4- 19" \= M).
    ).
    b) Rom, Cod. Vat. lat. 2934 I,
    , fol.
    { 219-237" (= B).
    ).
    (Cod. chart. XVI. saec.).
    saec.) , auf dem vorliegende Erstausgabe beruht.
    beruht,
    M
    bietet einen
    recbt
    recht sorgfaltig
    sorgfltig geschriebenen
    geschriebeoen Text ohne nennenswerte
    , quor.
    i
    Fehler. Seine orthographischen Besonderheiten Iuom,
    quor, quoi fr
    cui, optinere, delyrare, phanum u. .)
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    1, Georgii Tupuuntii
    Trll.pe:<unti Compu.n.tiones
    Compu..tiones philosophorum Aristotelill
    Adstotelill et
    " Pl"toDia.
    Pl"toDi .
    Ve.oei:s
    Ve.oei:ia
    per Ja.cobum
    wo l'elluum
    Peo:ium de
    cle !.euco
    Leuco .'23.
    "23,
    I Ober NieeoIt.
    Nieeolo Ferotti
    Perotti vgl. G. V o igt. Die Wiederbelebung
    Wicderbe1ebng des clusischco
    cIssischco
    Alterthum. oder das ente
    IInte lahrhundert
    Jahrhundert dlll
    des Humanismu.s.
    Hllman;"m"". ). Aufl.
    . BerUn
    BerIin 189),
    AltertJ\um.
    11 1))-137 11.
    u. .
    . Dazu G. Zi
    ll!
    Firellzll 18<)7.
    8<)7. jl. -_ L. Pastor,
    Paa t r ,
    ppel ,, Giunte e correzioni. Firellze
    GesChichte
    Geschichte der Plpste,
    Pipste, 1I.
    11, Fre.iburg
    Friburg i.
    . Br. 190<4, 667 11.1.
    11. I.

    Nlcol.1
    NIcoI.t Perottl

    Refutatlo Dellramentorum
    DeIIramentorum
    GeorgU Trapezuntll CretensIs.
    GeorgJf
    Cretensls.
    Evomuit tandem Trapezuntius Cretensis conceptum
    coneepturo animo virus 1.
    fj
    ; et post multorurn
    multorum dierum sparsa per totam urbem
    urbern tonitrua aliquando

    sunt non
    ridiculum
    ridiculurn murern.
    murem. ut in

    pluit. Parturiunt montes et enixi


    chimaerarn quandam prima arte
    parte leonem
    leonern iracundiae
    iraeundiae
    proverbio est, sed chimaeram
    draeonern spirantem
    sprantem toxica, media
    flammas emittentem,
    emittentern, postremo draconem
    pnm olentem.
    olentem. Contemnit hunc
    hune vir gravissimus
    gravissirnus Bessario.
    capram caprlnum
    1{)
    nec sibi eertandurn
    certandum censet euro
    cum hornine
    homine deliro.
    delro. rabioso, furibundo.
    rationibus, sed venenis. non
    verbis. sed sibilis, non
    simpIici,
    simpIci,
    vesano, non
    sed trifida et plane selpentina
    serpentna lingua utente. Verumtamen declarandum
    adnotatones. quas
    a nobis breviter eensuimus,
    censuimus, quanti momenti sint adnotationes.
    nuper adversus praeclarum
    praeclarurn Bessarionis opus edidit, quo et eeteri
    ceteri
    15 ignorantiam,
    ignorantam, stultitiam
    stultitiarn ac
    ae perversitatem hominis intelligant. et ipse
    prunas esse d.elapsum. quamquam
    sentiat se de patella, ut aiunt, in
    eIoquentissmos viros accingere
    aeeingere sese,
    ut
    scio plerosque doctissimos et eloquentissimos
    hominis huius inscitiam
    nscitiam partim publicis disputationibus, partim
    pa.rtim praec1assimis scriptis ostendant, quo meritum arrogantiae et temeritatis M
    4'
    elarissimis
    20suae
    20 suae praemium non
    modo
    rnodo apud praesentes, sed etiam apud posteros
    ut res dilucidior
    dlucidior sit. prima
    primo adnotationes
    oonsequatur. Verum nos quidem.
    singuls responsiones nostras ac~
    ae~
    eius per ordinem ponemus, et dein singulis
    eommodabimus,
    commodabimus, quamquam
    quarnquam infici nescio
    escio quomodo mius
    illus barbarie nostri
    libelli puritas videatur.
    25
    In
    folio I.. facie
    fade I:
    : tCalumniatur ecclesiam et sanctos
    sanetos doctores, quod 2.
    utantur paesido
    praesidio Pla.tonis
    Platonis et
    afferant testimonium
    testrnonium eius ad oonfirmandam
    fidem
    fidern nostram .
    In
    folio XXIV, fade
    facie 11 : .Basilius, inquit, Gregorius, Cyrillus.
    Grgorius alter, apud Latinos Hieronymus, Augustinus sunt auctontate
    auctoritate
    Gregorius
    SOphilosophorum
    sophilosophorum et maxime Platonis.c
    Platonis.t
    homi~
    fidern vocas, insulsissime
    rnordaeissime homiSi hoc ealumniari
    calumniari fidem
    nsulsissime ac mordacissime
    num, certe non
    Bessa.rio. sed ii,
    , quas
    quos oommemoras, praeclara lumina
    lumna
    religionis nostrae, sunt, qui eam calumniantur. lege enim in his libris.
    quibus te ista notasse gIoriaris,
    gloriaris, quid Dionysius summus theologus.
    in
    S quid Gregorius Nazianzenus, quid Aurelius Augustinus, quid ceteri
    M

    ".

    NICOL
    NICOLAI

    PEROTTI

    doctores sanctissimi loquantur. I.ege


    Lege Eusebii, quem e graeco in latinum
    convertens
    convertes mille in
    Iods
    Iocis pervertist1,
    pervertistl, undecimum, duodecimum et
    ct tertiwn
    decimum librum,
    lbrum, et intelliges. si tamen
    tarnen intelligere quicquam amplius
    potes, quam ffiultis
    multis magnisque in
    rebus
    rebw Plato philosophus eurn
    cum fide
    catholica ('t
    et christiana religione convenia.t,
    conveniat, et rectene sanctissimi
    $3.nctSSimi viri
    vi ~
    testimonia eius
    ('!> usurparint. Quodsi eos propterea damnandos
    danmandos censes,
    auctoremque eurn
    cwn talibus
    talbus viris errare
    erraTe permitte. Nobis libuit praeter
    cetera testimonia,
    testmonia, quibus in
    opere suo usus est Bessario, unum
    uoum dumtaxat Aurelii
    Aureli Augustini adducere. Is libm
    libro octavo de civitate Dei sie
    sic
    inquit;
    iJlquit; tMirantur autem quidam nobis in Christi gratia sociati, cum 10
    audiunt vel
    legunt Platonem de Deo ista sensisse,
    sens;sse, quae multurn
    multn congruue
    grue-e veritati nostrae religionis agnoscunt . c
    Nune ad reliqua
    relqua pergamus.
    3.
    Folio
    Folo XXVII,
    , fade
    facie I,
    , iuxta finem
    finern : .ne
    .De trinitate per P1atouem
    Platonem ex
    elt
    auctoritate Porphyrii.,
    Porphyrii.'
    Id facit auctor, quod
    od praestantissmi
    praestantissirni doctores ecclesiae fadunt,
    faciunt, lIi

    dum testimoniis exterorum


    eltterorum conantur nostra confirmare,
    confirmae, quales sunt
    Plato. Porphyrius. Plotinus
    Plotnus et ceteri genti1es.
    gentiles. Pulcherrimum enim
    victoriae genus est, cum ipsorum armis hostes expugnamus et eos
    ostendimus
    ostendrnus vi veritatis
    vertats coactos. quae etiam ab invitispectoribus
    iJvitispectoribus erumpit.
    nostra probare.
    20
    .
    Folio XXVIII,
    , facie I : .Prindpia
    IPrincipia quaedam verae theolOt;iae
    4.
    theolOiae ex
    Platonis scrIptis
    P1atonis
    scriptis surgere.
    M
    5

    Quid boc mirum est? Nonne verissima tbeolog:iae


    theologiae principa
    principia sunt,
    sUt,
    quae de unitate divina, quae de summa sirnplidtate,
    smplcitate, quae de intinitate
    et reliquis
    relquis huiusmodi Plato disseruit?
    disserut? Quid hic erroris, quid
    qd vit
    i est 2Ii
    etiam apud iudices iniquos?
    6.
    .
    Folio XLVI, fade
    facie I : .Alienum
    tAlenum esse a divina natura quicquam
    agere propter salutem hominum,
    bominum, quod dici
    <liei ait ab Aristotelicis
    Aristotelids.
    En
    hominis improbitatem
    mprobitatem I Quae hic
    hc adducit auctor,
    auctor , verba SuDt
    sunt
    Aleltandri
    Alexandri Aphrodisiensis,
    Aphrodisienss, qui inter Aristotelicos maximus habetur. Hic30
    enim dum de divina providentia ex Aristute1is
    Aristotelis sententia
    sententa loquitur,
    loq, haec
    et alia
    aHa his similia adducit indigna, quae de divina maiestate referan.tW'.
    ur.
    Quae ideo commemorantur ab auctore, ut, quid inter Platonis et Aristotelicorum
    lico:um de divina
    diina providentia opiniones
    opinones intersit,
    interst, omnibus ostendat.
    Calumniator
    Calumnator vero omnium, qui
    umquam fuerunt, calumniatorum
    calumnatorum maJri-35
    maJ-35
    mus
    rnus verba
    erba Alexandri tribuit
    trbuit auctori nec videt
    idet se per imprudentiam
    imprudentam
    Aristotelem et Aristotelicos,
    Aristotelcos, quos tueri nltitur,
    , reprehendere atque
    damnare.
    6.
    Folio
    Folo LX, facie 11, in principio: ._Naturae
    Naturae consentaneum esse primum deum a nullo
    ll esse creatum, secundum a prmo
    primo creatum, tertium W
    a 5eCWldo.
    5eCW1do. Quae sancti
    sanct quodammodo admittunt. Unde adversarius,
    adversarus, inquit, ignorat, ordinem quemnam servat.
    servaL Et
    non.nulli
    nOMulli admittunt
    ! doctores
    10 Aa,.
    . Oe
    De c:iv. Dci
    Dei VIll
    l1 It
    H ..

    REFUTATIO GEORGJI
    GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII.
    TRPEZNTIl .

    347

    sancti, ut creandi potenta


    potentia creaturae quoque possit communicari et

    una creatura producere alteram po$t.t


    possit.t
    Adducuntur ab auctore philosophi, adducuntur sancti
    sanct doctores,
    qui ista
    Sta scripsere.
    seripsere. Lege diligentius
    diligentIus libros
    Iibros eius,
    eins, et vel
    doctores accusa
    Ii sanctissimos,
    ut putas, u.t
    ut religio tua manifestior 1iat,
    fiat, vel
    vellabrum
    Iabrum morde.
    morde,
    aut instar
    nstar Stesichori cane PaIinodiam.
    Palinodiam. [deo
    Ideo vero haec dicta sunt, oe
    quis
    quS miretur,
    mretur, si pbilcsophi a
    a. vera re1igione
    religione alieni, dumtaxat
    du.mtaxat naturali
    scientia
    ;centia. ducti, haec
    ha.ec et loquuntur
    Ioquuntur et sentiunt.
    [n
    In folio
    foUo LXtV,
    LXIV, facie [:
    [ : ,Deus,
    fDeUS, inquit, ut est ens perfectum, non7.
    7.
    10 protendit ad infinitionem.t
    infntionem.t
    Dictum est Dewn, qua ratione perfectus dicitur. non
    did
    dici infinitum.
    inm.
    Duobus enim modis
    modS considerari Deum posse, sive ut ens infinitum,
    sive
    ut ens perfectum, quo per eam distinctionem servetur finiti ab
    infinito
    fiito creatio. Haec autem divi
    Thomae sententia est. Quid ergo
    15stomacharis?
    lIstomacharis? Quid beatun
    beatum doctorem persequeris? ltane
    Itane oculos
    :los tuos
    praestringit livor
    lvor et malivolentia et
    naturae perersitas,
    perversitas, uutt quid agas,
    meridiana luce non
    videas?
    in
    Folio XXXIII,
    , fade
    facie Ir,
    , iuxta finem:
    m : ,Animam
    fAnimam et ideas a primo&
    creatore didtur
    dicitur secundo
    5eCundo creatori ad rerum sen
    sensibilium
    sibilium creationem
    20 (communicari).t
    (communicad).t
    Velles, opinor, quod tu facis,
    facS, omnes facere, et
    in
    alligandis auctorum M
    5'opinionibus
    opnonibus instar fa1sariorum
    fa1sa.riorum cOlTUmpere
    coumpere illas atque pervertere, quemadmodum nuper in
    admod.um
    his fecisti, quae adversu.s
    adversus Platonem colligere
    conatus es. Quale est illud Ciceronis e Tusculanis quaestionibus.
    quaestiQnibus, ubi
    2fi
    211 addidisti
    adddjsti suaviationes
    suaiationes puerorum puellarumque, quae verba, ut a Ciceronis
    CceronS
    lingua aliena sunt, ita nusquam in libm
    libris eius
    !) inveniuntur, nisi
    S quem
    tu forte
    lorte corruperis, improbissime
    improbSSime hominum,
    homoum, qui honestissima maiorum
    nostrorum opera tuis spurdssimis
    spurcissimis manibns
    manbu.s foedare non
    erubescis. Atqui
    essa.rio
    Bessa.rio prsconm
    priscorum opiniones
    !) fide1iter
    fideliter recitat. Quapropter, si Platonis
    Platons
    so
    SO sententias, quales ille scripsit, refert, cur rreprehendi
    eprehendi meretur? Tu
    potius
    qui libros falsas, fustuario dignus es, levissime transfuga.
    In
    folio XXXVIII, fade
    facie II:
    : ,"Materiam
    f"Materiam aetemam esse et Deum9.
    aetemum. Negatur tamen
    tarnen non
    esse coaeternam
    coa.eternam Deo materiam.4
    Haec quoque accusatio tua praecedent
    praecedenti similis est. Opinio
    Opno enim
    Udumtaxat Platonis refertur, quam Boethius quoque, vir doctissimus,
    in
    libro de consolatione
    consolatone recitat, quae quamvis a nostra religione aliena.
    sit, quatenus ad aeternitatem
    aetemitatem spectat, in hoc tamen nobiscum convenit,
    quod vult
    materiam a Deo esse creatam. Hoc
    : enim est, quod
    quod. eam fadt
    facit
    non
    coaeternam.
    coaete.rnam.
    -tO
    Folio VII,
    Fo1io
    , facie
    faeie 1:
    1 : ,Quid
    fQuid Cicero, Augustinus et ceteri, quod
    quod. Deus 10.
    non
    creat per infinitam
    jnfinitam potentam
    potentiam,, sed quia sua potentia cornmensuratur
    cornmensur::tur
    rei creandae? Quae rauo,
    ratio, inquit, confirmatur
    cona creatoris ad creaturam
    crea.turam
    proportioe .t
    proportione

    348

    NICOLAI PERQTTI
    PEROTTI

    Si non
    stomacho, sed ratione utereris, si te morbus animi
    anmi non

    perutus obcaecaret, considerares profe<:to diligentius


    penitus
    dilgentius verba ista et
    divi
    Thomae sententiam melius inspiceres, cuius non
    modo opinionem sequitur auctor,
    auetor, sed et verba usurat.
    usurpat.
    11.
    tl.
    In
    folio LXXXIV,
    LXXXYV, facie
    faeie I;
    ; tTrinitatem esse in
    rebus naturalibus, 6
    St'd nO
    in
    causa.t
    causa.
    Haec quoque doctorum tlostrorum
    nostrorum specuIatio
    speculatio est et
    contra te
    aptissime profertur, qui velle videris
    aptw;ime
    viderS ex quacumque trinitate in
    creaturis
    inventa posse intelligi in causa esse trinitatem. Quippe secundum rectam
    fidern creaturne
    fidem
    creaturae unitatem
    unitatern divinam repraesentant, non
    trinitatem. Tu
    10
    tO
    vero et sententiam et verba auctons
    auctoris pro tua consuetudine pervertS.
    pervertis.
    ut calumnia tua ubique manilestior sit.

    12.
    In
    eodem folio et
    facie
    faeie I,
    , in ipso faciei
    faeiei principio: .Quod Deus
    non
    perficitur
    perfidtur trinitate
    trioitate .
    Cut integrum locum non
    affers, homo maJigne?
    maligne? Quid duo tantum 15
    M
    6 verba.
    verba adduds,
    adducis, ne auctoris sensus intelligatur
    inteIIigatur ? Enimvero multa rectissime scripta sunt, quae si a calumniatoribus per fragmenta r~tentur,
    perversam habere sententiam videntur.
    Vdentur. Quod in
    praesentia acddit.
    accidit. Sed
    lege parumper.
    parumper, quae sequuntur. Etenim
    Eteniro euro
    cum tu ita argumentareris
    ex Aristotelis sententia;
    cum ternario res suas perficiat,
    sententia: Deus eum
    perfidat, ut ipse20
    quoque ternario perficiatur,
    perlidatur, oportet,
    oortet, auctor ex eiusdem Aristotelis
    sententia tibi respondet hoc minime
    miniroe sequi, ut te.rnario periiciatur
    perficia.tur Deus,
    et rationes
    raUones adducit. Doctores tamen nostri, quemadmodum
    quemadmodurn supra diximus,
    , ita sentiunt creaturas non
    trinitatem, sed unitatem
    unitatern Dei repraesen-

    tue.
    ta.re.

    25

    Folio LXXXV, fade


    facie I:
    ; ,Trinitatis,
    Trinitatis, inquit, nec
    ne<; finis
    S est nec
    ne<: emdens
    efficiens
    causa..
    causa.'
    H
    oc
    oc simili
    simli modo abs te eorruptum
    couptum ac
    ae depravatum est. Neque enim
    simplidter
    s.impliciter dicitur trinitatem non esse finem,
    linern, sed non
    esse talem
    talern finem,
    qualem
    qualern tu.
    tu, adversarie, existimas. Nam tu quidem
    quidem. ex Aristotelis sententia 30
    aeque in
    Deum
    Deurn cadere finem atque effidens
    efficiens opinaris, et ita colligis:
    coUigS:
    est fini s ergo et effidens.
    efficiens. Idcirco tibi auctor ex eiusdem
    eiusdern Aristotelis
    sententia respondet, ostendens ,
    prius, quando secundum
    secundurn Aristotelem
    effciens in idem cadant. Quod
    od nisi talis
    ta1s esses, nisi prae
    finis atque effidens
    nimia
    nima bite obcaecati
    obcaeeati tibi oculi forent , legeres rationes in medium
    medum 3dad- 35
    ductas, ex quibus manifeste
    manUeste colligi cerneres nolle Aristotelem,
    ArStotelem, quod
    Deus talis
    ta.!S sit finis,
    HS. qualem ipse
    se existimas, hoc est aeque cum efficiente
    cadens, quandoquidem efficientem
    effieientem quoque causam iuxta quorundam
    opnionem non
    ponit. !
    opinionern
    ut paulo ost
    post declaratur. Haec
    Haee igitur ratio est,
    est.
    eur
    cur nec
    nee finis
    nec
    ne<: efficiens causa dicatul'.
    dicatu1'.
    40

    11.
    14.
    Folio LXXXV, facie I1;
    1; .Rationes
    .Ratones nostras de tribus agentibus:
    Deo, natura,
    natum, arte, ut suas eripit .

    13.

    REFtlTATlO
    REFtTAT10 GEORGlI
    GEORGll TRAPEZUNTll.
    TRPEZNTII.

    34.

    - ()mnas, decrepite senex? Quid deliras


    delas?? Quid desipis?
    Quid -!>Omnias,
    Non
    eripit
    epit auctor
    auetor abs te hanc
    hane rationem et sibi ascribit, sed inter tua argu
    menta ponit, quamquam non tua haec :ratio
    ratio e:;t, sed a saeris
    sac:ris doetoribus
    docto:ribus
    ad ve:rbum
    verbum sumpta, ut furari sempe:r
    semper aliorum dicta CQDsuevisti.
    IXInsuevisti. Deducunt
    Ii
    tamen
    tarnen ilIi
    ll rationem ipsam longe praec1arius,
    praeelarius, quam tu facere scivisti.
    Scotum secundo
    seeundo lihro,
    libro, distinetione
    dStinctione prima, quaestione secunda, et
    Lege Scoturn
    eam J"eperies.
    reperies. Itane arrogans es, tantumne tibi
    tbi tribuis,
    ut surripere
    su:rripere
    mtiones tuas Bessarionem existirnes?
    exstimes? Homo stultus, perversus, im
    :rationes
    peritus, rudis,
    rudS, hebes et effigiem dumtaxat hominis
    hominS habens! Neque
    10 hoc ideo dicemus,
    dieemus, quia ratio ista bona non
    sit principis
    prindpiis nostJ"ae
    nostrae fidei M
    6
    concessis, sed quia necessa:rium
    neeessarium auctori non fuit ea :ratione
    ratione uti; quin
    potius, quia
    qua tu eam
    earn ex Aristote1is
    Aristotelis sententia protulens,
    protuleras, auetor
    aucto:r ex eiusdem phlosophi
    philosophi opinione eam refutavit, quam Scotus quoque nequaquam
    satis esse existimat ad p:robandam
    probandam ereationern
    creationem ex nihilo, quatenus
    lIi
    l praepositio ex durationis ordinem
    o:rdinem signifieat.
    signiicat.
    Folio
    Folo LXXXVIII, fade
    facie I,
    , iuxta finem
    linern : tCuiusdam
    tCuiusdarn auctoritate 15.
    probatur, quod quae necessa:ria
    neeessaria sunt, non
    sunt a Deo, quemadmodum
    quemadmodurn
    a cauS3
    causa. efficiente
    effciente .
    Erids
    Ericis Gandavii ea sententia est, docti hominis
    homnis atque eruditi, qui
    OOad
    20ad ve:rbum
    verbum hoc ex opinione Aristotelis
    Aristotels dicit hanc
    hane fuisse eius pbilosophi
    philosophi
    sententiam
    sententam ostendens, ut quae necessaria sunt, non
    sint
    snt a Deo tamquam
    ab efficiente.
    RefertuJ" ergo Aristotelis
    Aristotels opinio,
    , non
    p:rohatu:r.
    effieiente. Refertur
    probatur.
    Folio LXXXIX, facie
    faeie 11:
    II: tAggregatorum naturam entium causam 16.
    esse .
    esse.t
    2Ii
    2

    Non dicitur a,ggregatorum naturam


    naturarn entium eausam
    causam esse, ut tu

    pro mo.re tuo omnia pervertis; sed quoniam Aristoteles opinatur


    opnatur Deum
    nisi per eaelum
    caelum agere, quemadmodum expositores eius omnes
    non
    testantur, affirmat
    affirrnat auctor,
    auetor, quando ab Aristotele dieitur
    dicituJ" natu:ram
    naturam ex
    Deo dependere, hoc ex agg:regati,
    aggregati, de quo loquirnur,
    Ioquimu:r, natu:ra
    natura debere
    30 intelligi, hoc est unius ex Deo et caelo CQl\Stituti
    IXInstituti naturam
    naturarn secundum
    secundurn
    hune philosophum
    hunc
    philosophurn tamquam
    tarnquam ex causa dependere,
    depende.re, et hanc
    hane eunetorum.
    cunctorum.
    quae fuerint, eausam
    causam esse. Etenim secundum Aristotelem nec
    nee Deus
    sine eaelo
    caelo tamquam effideus
    effCeus eausa
    cauS3 aliquid
    alqud facit,
    faeit, nec
    nee caelum sine
    sille
    Deo, sed Deus per caelum, et caelI1m
    caelnrn ex Deo ut dependens producit
    produdt
    3~ effectum.
    Folio LXXXIX, fade
    facie Il: tQuod Deus omnia
    ornnia facit
    faeit per caelum.4.
    caelurn.4. 11.
    l1.
    Iam dictum est hanc
    hane AristoteJis opinionem esse etiam expositorum
    expositorurn
    eius sententia.
    sententa. Quae ideo referuntur,
    releruntur, ut intelligas. quam recte sentis,
    qui non
    modo
    od inter Christianos
    Christanos pons
    ponis Aristotelem, sed etiam
    etam S3nctis
    sanetis
    .ro
    . viris
    Vris adnumeras et te desideras eum
    cum eo colJoca:ri.
    eollocari.
    Folio
    Foio XC, fade
    facie ];
    I: .Quoniam
    tQuoniam Deus, inquit, nihil immediate fadt,
    facit, 18.
    ut ostensum est, frustra sic

    sie arguitur.4.

    NlCOLI
    NlCOLAI

    PEROTTI
    PF;ROTTl

    Hoc quoque eiusdem generis est. Nihi1


    Nihil enim
    enm differt facere per
    caelum et non
    caeIum
    immediate
    mmediate facere.
    faeere. Sed tu, quo pur.
    plura notasse videaris,
    ex uno ur.
    plura facere
    faeere non putas absurdum.
    19.
    Folio XC, facie
    faeie Ir:
    : .Negatur Deum esse omnipotentem
    omipotentem secundum
    Aristotelem. Nec id sequi, eum
    AristoteIem.
    cum sit actus
    aetus purus..
    I>
    6
    Saneti omnes ecclesiae doctores hoc de Aristotele et cetem
    Sancti
    eetens pbi1opbilosophis sentiunt.
    sentiunt, nequaquam scilicet
    seilieet eos existimasse
    ex.istmasse eam
    ea.m in Deo omni~
    M
    7 potentiam esse.
    esse, quam nos proprie arbitramur.
    arbitamur. Res igitur tibi Don
    eum
    cum
    Bessarione est, sed eum
    Bes5arione
    cum sanetis
    sancis doctoribus, eum
    cum quibus Bessario sentit.
    lilis
    IIlis repugnandumne sit, tu videris.
    vderis .
    10
    20.
    Folio XCI, facie
    faeie I:
    : .Impossibile
    _Impossibile est ipsi Deo, ut quicquam ex nihiIo
    nhiIo
    faciat . Et
    pauIo
    paulo os:
    post: .Non conceditur dari priman
    primam eausam
    causam efficientem
    in ordine causarum efficientium.
    efficientum. Et
    additur se negare. si causa efficiens
    effciens
    prima d.aretur,
    wetur, njhil
    nihil eam
    earn praesupponere.'
    praesupponere.
    Haec ab auctore ex sententia Aristotelis dicitur, ,
    ut, quam alienus 16
    a nostra religione fuerit
    pueriliter sentias, si non

    fUelit , quamque de eo tu
    ipse, saltem alii, qui perturbatione animi carent, possint intelligere.
    21.
    Folio xcrr,
    XCll, facie
    faeie 11: .Non potest Deus omnem effectum
    effecturn causare
    immediate
    immedate .
    . _Item
    Item mundum necessario et naturaliter a Deo elependere
    dependere
    constat.t
    20
    Hoc quoque saepius dixisti, etiam
    etam ter
    a nobis tibi responsum
    responsUI est
    hane fuisse Aristotelis opinionem, idque non
    hanc
    modo expositores eius, sed
    omnes
    m!; fere doctores existimare.
    existirnare.
    22.
    Folio XCIII, facie
    faeie I:
    : .In Deo,
    ut asserit, idem
    ielern est esse et
    agere .
    Quid ergo?
    An tu eontrarium
    contrarium asseris ? Vellem te non
    tantum notare25
    notare 25
    loca,
    Ioca. sed rationes
    ratones etiam,
    etam, eur
    cur ea
    notes, addueere.
    adducere. Alioquin hoc nihil
    aliud est quam minari, quad
    quod est timidi
    tmidi hominis argumentum.
    n.rgumentum. Generosus
    animus et suae vi,rtutis
    v,rtutis suae conscius non
    verbis hostem territat, sed
    armis aggreditur. Canis,
    Ganis, qui latrat,
    , parum se audere ostendit. Tune
    existimas
    exstmas differre in
    Deo esse et
    agere? At
    hoc plane impium
    impiurn est.3O
    Ornnes enim tam
    Omnes
    tarn phi1osophi
    philosophi quam sancti
    saneti doctores idem esse in
    Deo
    ponunt essentiam et potentam
    potentiam et actum. Praeterea, quod acCl'sas,
    acCllsas,
    philosophorum argumentum est ad verbum a Scato
    Scoto sumptum, ut

    ostendatur illos
    illas existimasse
    exstmasse Deum naturae necessitate
    neceSState agere. Utrum
    igitur phi1osophos
    philosophos omnes, an 5cotum, an
    libri
    I.bri huius auctorem.
    auctorern, an
    potius 35
    te ipsum accuses, non
    video.
    23.
    Folio
    Folo XCIV.
    XCIV, facie
    faeie I:
    : .Omnia dependere a Deo, sicut
    sieut una pars
    naturae ab altera, et Deum esse quid aggregatum
    aggegatum .
    Hoc iterum
    Herum replicas. Sed scias
    seias velim, eum
    cum ex primo
    prima mobili et
    eius motore, hoc est Deo, unum aggregatum Aristotelis
    ArstoteIis opinione con-.o
    co-
    stituatur et universa natura agens'intelligi
    agens'inteIlgi possit tamquam m
    unum
    aggregatum sive unitum ex Deo et natura
    natum constitutum, aperte secundum eundem sequi,
    ut universi pars alten
    altera sit ipse Deus, alten
    altera eaelum
    caeJum

    JtEFUTAno GEOJtGIl
    Jt.EFUTAno
    GEOJt.GIl TRAPEZUNTII
    TRPEZNTIl .

    ."

    ipsum atque natura simpliciter aocepta. Quae quidem non


    per se
    56 stat,
    sed
    se<! a Deo dependet quasi naturae unversae
    universae parte praecipua suo modo
    et genere. Verba ergo et argumenta tua, quae Aristotelis esse dicis,
    secundum illius
    ilHus sententiam exponuntur.
    5
    Folio XCIIII, fade
    fcie TI
    : .Voluntatem Dei non
    esse liberam..
    U.
    Et hoc
    pro tuo more pervertis. Neque enim ab auctore diciturM 7
    voluntatem Dei liberam non
    esse, sed Deum secundum Aristotelem
    Aristotelern
    nOD
    libera
    lbera voluntate, quam ipse npo.:ttpE"1II
    l1l vocat, agere, verum naturae
    necessitate.
    10
    Folio XCV1, facie 1 : .Quam Plato dicit animam mundi,
    m, eam nos 26.
    spiritum
    spritum sanctum
    sanetum dicimus.c
    dieimus.c
    Haec non
    auctons,
    auctoris, sed eum
    cum aliomm
    aliorum doctorum, tum
    turn divi CyriUi
    Cyrilli
    adversus Iulianum
    luanum verba sunt, qui hoc quasi maximum contra
    conta gentiles
    spiritum sanctum
    sanetum n
    on credentes argumentum adducunt,
    addueunt, quod Plato
    15 summus philosophus non
    modo pBIS
    patris et filii,
    tiili, ereatoris
    creatoris et patris ereatoris,
    creatons,
    sed etiam spiritus sancti
    saneti mentionem feadt,
    fecerit, quandoquidem tertium
    deum posuit animam mundi.
    Folio CII, fade
    facie 11
    II : $Angelos actu intelligere,
    ntelligere, nihil
    nhil in
    potenta
    potentia . 26.

    Non auct01'em,
    auctorern, sed sanctos
    sanetos doctores, qui hoc dieunt,
    d.icunt, aocusa et
    2Orationes,
    2Oationes, quae sequuntur, diligentius
    diligentus lege.
    Folio CVII, fade
    facie n
    r : .F ... animam
    anmam praeesse corpori ex se ipso 27.
    asserit
    asse1'it .
    Quid hoc 10c0
    loco dicas,
    dieas, intelligi satis non
    potest. !Uud
    IUud scio,
    seio, quod, eum
    cum
    tu
    animam intelleetivam
    intel1ectivam posuisses ex opinione
    opinone Aristotelis
    ArStotelS eum
    cum corpore
    co>ore
    25simul ereIlTi,
    crea.r, numquam tamen
    tarnen defectUf8m,
    defectUTalD, auctor
    aucto1' eam
    earn sententiam
    Aristotelis esse negavit, eum
    cum secundum eum aut eorruptibilem
    couptibilem esse
    oporteat, si incepit, aut
    numquam incepisse,
    ineepisse, si
    s1 ineorruptibilis
    incouptibilis est. Nemo
    enim
    m quantumlibet mdis
    rudis atque indoctus ignorat generabile
    gene1'abi1e eum
    cum COITUPcoup
    tibili et ingenerabile
    ingenerabIe eum
    cum incorruptibili
    incormptibili Aristotelis
    AristotelS opinione eonverti.
    converti.
    30
    Folio
    Folo CIIII,
    CUII, facie I : .Quod
    tQuod Plato non
    sit
    eonceptus
    conceptus ~x spermate28.
    V .

    viri
    Ubi hoc Bessario dicit, teterrimum caput et omnium, quos terra
    sustinet, hominum mendacissime ?
    Non sunt haec auctoris
    auetoris verba, quae
    profers. Sed paeterire
    praeterire se dicit
    d.icit auctor,
    auetor. quae fere a Latinis et Graeds
    Graecis
    s:;omnibus de Platone dicuntur, quod
    quo scilicet mater eius daemonis euiuscuiusSliomnibus
    dam
    darn aspectu conceperit,
    coneeperit, et a1ia
    aHa quaedam huiusmooi,
    huiusmodi, quae referri
    alioquin
    aloq sine 1'eprehensione
    reprehensione ab auctore potuisset. Primo
    P1'imo enim non
    statim
    sta.tm
    probari haec censenda sunt, dum referuntur, quemadmodum
    quemad.modum divus
    d.ivus
    Hieronymus, dum hoc de Platone na.rrat,

    narmt, n
    on probat. Secundo
    Seeundo non
    propterea sequeretur miraculum
    mraculum in
    eo conceptu fIIisse.
    ;trem non

    fO
    fnisse. Postremo
    esset necessarium
    neceSS8rium idcirco fateri de virginis
    virgnis utero natum esse Platonem,
    Platonern,
    quod simulas te sentire,
    ut scuto fidei, quando rationibus non
    potes,
    terreas viros fortes. Sed deterrere fortas
    fortes ; e illos POSSI$,
    posses, qui in
    fide
    fde

    852

    NICOLI
    NICOLAI

    PRROTTI
    PRROTTl

    suspecti sunt, qua1is


    qualis tu es, Turcorum impurissime
    mus.sme assecla
    asseela et christianae
    reipublicae
    reipublcae poditor,
    proditor, quam crudelissimae
    crudelssimae barbaorum
    barbarorum seJVituti
    sevituti subiicere
    subicere
    voluisti.
    voluist.
    ut tuae nefandissimae
    nefandSSimae litterae
    ltterae dedarant,
    declarant, quarum testimonia
    in calce h uius operis
    ope:ris citabimus.
    c.itabimus. Habent doctissimi
    doctissmi viri
    theologi
    theoIog nostri
    M
    8 faunorum
    {aunorem el
    satyrorurn
    sa.tyrOJ"urn et alioroffi
    alioum daemonum cognitionem, quos ~
    propriis vocabulis succubos atque incubos vocant cl
    gigni
    g ab S
    DS eo
    modo posse filios putant, quo Martinum quendam Britannum naturn
    aiuut. Quae res cl
    aiunt.
    disputata publce
    publice in
    Parisiensi gymn.a.sio
    gymnasio fuit
    { el

    toHus
    !; coUegii
    coll auctoritate oonclusa.
    conclusa. Quodsi P1atonem
    Platonem sui hoc modo

    naturn censent, liceat eis sentire,


    natum
    ut tibet.
    . Auctor profecto
    profe<::to cl
    mallet 10
    Platonis gratia
    gatia el
    ita sentit Aristonis eum filium
    fi fuisse.
    lS.
    29.
    Folio
    FoJo XVI, fade
    facie 11: .Syllogisffiuffi
    .SyllogisffiIIffi Platonis
    Pialonis probare videtur,
    idetur, quo
    animus sit ingeneratus.
    Ostendit auctoT Platonem
    P1atonem animam immortalem
    immorta1em posuisse ideoque
    ingeneratam, et
    ad id ostendendum argumenta eius adducit, quae 16
    quatenus ad animae immortalitatem attinent, probantur. Quod
    od a ceteris etiam
    etiarn doctissimis viris factum est, quippe tam
    tarn haec, quam
    quarn aHa
    a1m als
    a1is
    in locis paecipua
    praedpua videri dicuntur suis gentilibus, qui propter eandem
    fidern principia
    fidem
    prindpia eius suscipiebant.
    so. Folio
    Folo XXIII,
    , facie II:
    : .Platonis,
    .PIatonis, inquit, sententias
    sententas sacrosancto 20
    ore dictas demonstrabo .
    Atqui hoc fa1sum
    falsum est et
    abs te
    inique, malevole, etulan
    petulan ter, nefarie
    prolatum, instar perditissimorum haereticorum, qui sententias sacrae
    scripturae per frusta ac fragmenta accipientes illas corrumpunt
    corrurnpunt ac
    depravant.
    depavant .
    Non didt
    dicit auctoT, 0 perfdissimecalumniator,
    perfidissirnecalumniator, demonstraturum 26
    25
    se Platonis sententias sacrosancto ore dictas, sed cum modum eJ(el( opere suo servaturus erat.
    erat, promittit sese ipsius
    posuisset, quem in
    Platonis
    P1atonis verbis atque auctoritate ostensurum falso tantum philosophum
    reprehendi. MOl(
    MOJ( vero
    subdit, quod, si
    eiusdem
    eiusdern Platonis
    P1atonis sententias
    demonstraverit etiam doctorum eccl~siae sacrosancto
    sacrosaneto ore
    probari. nihil30
    dici maius poterit. Tu
    vero sacrosanctum os,
    , quod de sanctis doctoribus
    dictum est, ad P1atonem
    Platonern transfers
    tra.nsfers nec
    nee vereris
    vereS ad sanctissimum
    ponti{m scrioons tam
    mostrum horribile
    ficern
    tarn aperte mentiri, monstrum
    horribi1e nostrae aetatis,
    pistrino sive ergastulo dignum.
    dignurn. Abi hine
    Iinc in
    malam crucem
    crucern et virus
    istud
    Stud pestiferi pectoris apud inferos
    evome!
    evorne!
    35
    31.
    Folio XXIIH,
    , fade
    facie I:
    : .Verbum est Deo non
    convenit, nec erat,
    nee erit. Tamen
    nec
    Tarnen iIli
    attribuit principium
    prindpium evangelii
    evangeli Ioannis
    IoannS .
    Quam inanis et frivola et
    iniusta reprehensio! Sententiae istae
    de simplicissimo
    simplcissimo Deo et verba eis convenientia usque adeo a nostris
    doctoribus
    doctorbus probantur,
    ut iisdem etiam verbis usi fuerint, quemadmodum
    quemadmodurn fO
    ex
    ipso auctoIis libro
    lbro manifeste intelligi
    ntelligi potest. Hie
    c vero
    eo omnium
    ornnium Ierum
    Ierurn
    ignarus et hominis potius phantasma quam
    quarn horno
    homo contradictoria
    contradictoa in Deo
    8 esse existimat:
    existmat: non
    erat et ecat, non
    erit
    ert, non
    est et
    est. Quodsi
    ods
    M
    eIit et erit,

    REFUTATIO GEORGII
    GEORGU TRAPEZUNTII.

    353

    caput nihili praeterquam furoris capax eie.:::to


    eie<:to pan.mper
    pantmper furore nonnihil
    nonihi1
    resipisceret,
    resipsceret, profecto intelIigeret
    intelligeret haec divinae naturae conve!lire,
    convenire, quae
    supra omne tempus est, verba vero illa: erat et est et erit humano
    sennoni
    sennon accommodari, quandoquidem de divinis
    d.vinis reblli:i
    rebus loqui
    loqu alio
    allo modo
    5 non
    po!Jsumus.
    possumus.
    XXIIII, fade
    face II:
    : tP1atonem
    tPlatonem optime sensis5e
    sensisse scripsisseque
    seripsisseque S2.
    Folio XXlIII,
    asseritur luce dumtaxat naturae illustratum
    ilIustratum .
    En iterum orationem
    oralionem trunca.s,
    truncas, 0 egregie
    egrege sycophanta et vitiornm
    omnium gurges atque helluo, natlli:i
    natus sceleri,
    seeleri, natlli:i
    natus flagits,
    f1agtis, natus ca1umniis,
    calumniS,
    10 non
    virtuti,
    irtuti, Don
    laudi, non gloriae.
    An speras ita
    vel desides vel ingenio
    obtusos homines fore,
    ut versutiam ac pra.vitatem
    pravitatem tuam aliquando non
    intelligant ? Falleris
    intelligant?
    FaDens profe.:::to,
    profe<:to, si
    s ita
    sentis.
    sentS.
    Non simpliciter
    simplieiter ab auctore
    dictum est sensisse optime atque scripsisse
    seripsisse Platonem, sed de unitate et
    simplicitate
    :imlicitate pmi
    primi enti.s
    entis sive primi dei optime et sensisse et scripsisse.
    1& Quod usque adeo verum
    verwn est, !
    ut sancti doctores de eodem loquentes
    Ioquentes
    isdem plane verbis fuerint usi. 1n
    muItis
    iisdem
    multis autem tantum abe$t,
    abest,
    ut PlaPIatonem
    ut se e contrario
    cntrario facere apertiS.'iime
    apertissime
    tonern vel probet auctor vel sequatur,
    protestetur,
    ut folio XXIIr, pagina se<:Unda
    secunda videri liquido potest:
    iuvat enim nos quoque folia
    notare,
    ut tu
    facis. Quin
    etiam plerisque
    20in loci.s affirmat
    affimat neque hunc neque Aristotelem Chri.stianos
    Christianos fuisse, nec
    sequi eos in
    omnibus
    omnbus oportere.
    Folio XXVI,
    FoIio
    , facie 11
    : .Secundum
    tSecundum deum a primo
    prima creatum et asa.
    83.
    se ipso, tertium a secundo et a se ipso.t
    ipso.
    Et
    abs te dictum
    d.ctum hoc superius est, et
    el a nobis declaratum. Adeo
    2Ii
    2& quidem fecundus es,
    ut ex
    uno moru;tro
    monstro multa producas.
    Folio XXVI, facie I : tQuod sol sit
    s.it filius
    f! summi honi..
    boni..
    S4.
    s..
    Platonis
    P1atonis verba haec sunt, ineptissime hominum, non
    auctoris, et
    el
    qua intentione
    intetltione ab eo dicta sint,
    , fadle,
    facile, qui non
    ta.nta
    tanta bili agitabuntur,
    intelligent.
    30
    Folio XXVII, facie
    faeie I et 11;
    JI; tNumenii et Amelii Platonicorum aucto- 95.
    ritate utitur in theologia .
    Fadt
    Facit id Bessario libenter,
    lbenter, .'iemperque,
    semperque, quantum in eo erit, fadet.
    faciet.
    Etenim
    Etenin nullwn
    nullun maiU$
    maius adversu$
    adversus gentiles argumentum habere potest
    quarr.
    qua: testimonia
    testmonia gentilium philosophornm,
    philosophorum, quibus sancti doctores,
    S5 quotiens possunt, libentissime utuntur.
    Folio XXVIII, facie I;
    : .Multa
    tMuIta. sunt
    $ non
    no re.:::te
    re<:te dicta,
    dicta., quamquam36.
    verae theo1ogiae
    theologiae principia quaedam a Platone orta sunt .
    Qua.e sint multa.
    Quae
    multa iIla
    ll non
    recte dicta, non
    profers. Ut
    inambus
    nanibus
    minis terreas
    tee8,$ adversariurn,
    adversarium, quod unum profer.;,
    profers, $uperius
    superius quoque abs M
    9
    (0
    responsum. Etenim pro morte tuo saepe
    te notatnm est, et a nobis tibi responsurn.
    saee
    eadem conculcas sive oblivione senili, seu maJignitate
    maJiitate naturae.
    Folio XXVIII,
    VI, fade
    face U:
    : tDe fide. Quod
    od Plato hortatur credere,37.
    SCut filii
    fjlli deorum nobis
    dxennt.c
    mut
    nohis dixenmt
    .

    "

    NrCOu.r
    Nrcour PERorrl
    miror,
    Bessaro,
    o te stultum, qui hoc reprehendisl Equidem non
    mimr, si Bessario,

    quae viri gravitas


    gravita.s est, ineptias tuas potius fastidiendo ca1care, quant
    qua.m
    verbis refellere dignum
    dgnum putat. Quid enim dici ab eo poteat,
    poternt, quod. aeque
    a.eque
    pro Christianis faceret. Nam si irridere nos genti1es
    gentiles solent, quod. sine
    sne
    demonstratione
    demonstratone aliqua res mini
    minime
    me verisimiles
    versimiles credamus, et ROS
    nos asser- Ii
    tores ac
    ae locutuleos vocant,
    ut Averroes Arabs facit, quonam modo
    quarn si principem pbilosophorum ostenrefellere eos melius possumus, quam
    damus admonere mortaIium
    mortaliurn genus, ut iis credant,
    c:redant, quae deorum suorum
    filii sine demonstratione tradidenmt?
    tradiden.nt? Etenim si gentiles de falsis diis
    ita
    - statuunt, quanto magis
    mags a nobis credi debent, quae verus filius tO

    veri Dei nobis ' revelavit? At Cretensis noster boc notat, boc earpit,
    carpit,
    hoc damnat. Omnia suo foedissimo
    foedissmo ac
    ae contaminatissirno
    contamnatissimo spiritu polluens
    et optima quaeque decerpens,
    ut ea pTOSequatur
    ptosequatur atque inficiat. Sed
    quomodo tolerare amplius hoc monstrum, viri
    r docti
    docH ac
    ae studiosi, potestis?
    Insurgite,
    Insurgte, insurgite
    nsurgite in
    eum aliquando,
    aJiquando, et catenate delirum senem aeU
    acl/i
    perpetuae gleba.e
    glebae ascribite.
    Folio XXX.
    . fade
    facie 1: ttIntelligentias
    lntelligentias aalas
    lias ab aBis
    alS productas
    produetau
    .
    88.
    Sernel.
    bis, tertio
    tertia abs te hoc dictum est. Enimvero si ita
    . augere
    Semel. bS,
    numeros tuos scires,
    ut verborum tuorum portenta multiplicas,
    multipli::as, non

    -egeres sub.sidio
    subsidio Turci. quem litteris bortaris. !
    ut te pec::uns
    pec::uniis adiutum20
    ad se vocet, quo ei rnodum
    od subiugandae Italiae patefacias. Sed mmi
    h
    erede,
    crede, quemadmodum tibi prae nimia
    nirnia avaritia accidit,
    aecidit, ut, dum augere
    per {aenus pe<:uniam eonaris,
    conaris, etiam
    etiarn prmam
    primam summam amiseris,
    amsers, ita
    . prae
    nimia temeritate et desideriomultiplicandarum adnotationum eveniet,
    evenet,
    ut
    pariter
    panter omnibusrationibus
    omnibus rationibus tuis quam facillime et q uam turpissime
    turpissirne excidas. 25
    38.
    Folo XXXII.
    . facie I :: t.
    ; et Philonis dicuntUJ".
    31.
    Folio
    Multa Platonis
    dieuntUl". quod
    Deus ex inordinatione in
    ordinem soIum
    solum reduxit .
    vdetur
    Merito
    Merlto beatus Paulus Epimenidis dictum de Cretensibus videtur
    probasse, dum eos vocat mendaces.
    mendaees. lta
    Ita eerte
    certe frequenter mentiris. ut
    si quis et patriam tuam ignoret,
    ignoret. facile
    faeile suspicari
    suspicai possit te Cretensem 30
    esse. nec sit, qui habere
    babere tibi lidern
    fdem amplius queat, etiam dum mentiri
    menUri
    te dicas,
    dieas, dignus
    d.gnus profecto. qui non
    fustibus. quibus liberi homines
    bomines
    111
    9 eaedi
    caedi solebant, sed agellis,
    fiagell;, quibus mancipia vapu1aba.nt,
    vapulabant, usque ad
    sanguinem excrucieris. Idcirco ab auctore dicta illa Philonis de insanguinern

    ordinatione
    ordinatone adducuntur.
    addueuntur. ut Philonis auctoritate
    auetoritate probetur eum
    cum MoyseS6
    MoyseS
    et eatholica
    catholca religione sentientis verba haec Platonis de inordinatione.
    eum
    cum ab ipso eo modo quo a Pbilone dicantur.
    d.cantur. non
    praeesse materiam
    significa.re. sed via
    V. generationis dumtaxat procedere. et tamen simul
    sinul
    cum formis
    vero, quamvis ha.e<: ita
    . dici non
    ignores,
    eurn
    forrnis a Deo produci. Tu
    tui
    tamen
    tarnen dissimilis
    dissmilis esse et a calumniis
    calumniS ab.stinere
    abstinere non
    potes. homo.w
    bomo.w
    dumtaxat ad maledicendum
    maJedieendurn natus, euius
    cuius dum vultum aspicimus. iraa
    cundiam eum
    cum arrogantia atque invidia
    inVdia in
    ipso sedere existimamus.
    eundiam
    Sic olim
    olirn Guarino, sic
    sie Poggio, sie
    sic Laurentio ValJae,
    VaJlae, sic
    sie nuper
    ner Theodoro

    REFUTATIO GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII.


    n.

    355

    Gazae, clarissimis
    clarissimS DO$tri sa.eculi
    saeeuli WS,
    vir:is, ma1edixisti,
    maledixisti, aetatis
    aetatS Rostrae
    nostra.e
    immanissimum ac
    ae foedissimum
    foedSSimum mon.strum.
    monstrum. Sed illorum quidem auxisti
    laudem
    lauden et gloriam, tibi vero perpetuum dedecus
    dedeeus atque ipominiam
    poniniam
    peperisti, eum
    cum te iam
    iarn omnes etiam mulierc::ulae
    mulie:ulae et pueri digito tamquam
    6 furentem ostendant, nec
    nee aliquis
    aliquS sit
    inter bonos et doct05 viros, qui
    te nOR
    fugiat oculis,
    oculs, non
    respuat auribus, non
    toto animo ac
    ae totis
    totS
    pra.ecordiis exsecretur.
    exsecretur.
    ,
    VuIcanus,
    ut Plautus inquit, Sol,
    501, Luna, Dies,
    Des, dii quattuor
    scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum
    a1terum .
    10
    Folio
    Folo XXXII,
    , facie 11:
    11; .Aper
    tAper te dicitur
    dieitur Deum mala facere, ut bona40.
    veniant aliqua de causa.
    Mentiris
    Mentirs l'UJ'SUS,
    ruJ'Sus, 0 furcifer,
    furcHer, et
    ut in
    n proverbio est, facta atque infeeta
    nfecta
    narras.
    naas. Pe:rlegen.m
    PeJ"legeam diligenter Bessarionis libros. Nunc
    Nune denuo eos evolvi,
    et non
    modo locum, quem tu notas, sed totum opus perlustravi. Nihil
    15 ab eo tale dictum invenio, nihi1
    nihil tu,
    , si diligentius legis, invenies.
    Folio
    Folo XXXIII,
    , fade
    facie 11:
    11 : .lterum
    tlterum de materia et ideis datis
    datS secundoII.
    secundoll.
    creatori a primo .
    Rursus eadem revolvens.
    revolveris.
    Non satis
    sa1is fuit
    ter ista
    Sta dixisse,
    dixsse, n

    isi quarto
    etiam
    etam repeteres. Eleganter po!ta
    ~ta facetissimus
    facetSSimus inquIt
    inquit::
    20
    .EWta,
    tEta, ne brevibus pereat miM
    mih cura libellis,
    lbeJlS,
    dicatur potius -rl>"
    " 3' iftOc6.c\1O,
    ~htOlI"'I~IWIO'".
    Eodem oonsilio
    consilio tu
    quoque,
    ut arbitror, quo magls
    mags opus tuum
    excrescat, Bessarionis
    Bessa.rionS id sententiis etiam saepius
    sa.epius repetitis,
    repetitS, quemadmodum ille noo
    umco Homeri versu, implere
    mplere oogitasti.
    cogitasti. At
    nobis satis sit
    25
    2lS semel tibi respondisse.
    respondsse .
    Folio LX, fade
    facie 11:
    II: .Quod
    tQuod sancti quodam
    quodarn modo adm.iserunt, quaeu.
    quae2.
    P1ato didt
    dcit de diis,
    ds, secundo creato a primo
    prima et tertio
    tertia a secundo.c
    Hoc quoque saepius abs te repetitum est, nescio verum memoriae
    vitio,
    potius quod inferorum te furiae agItent.
    agitent.
    M
    , an
    10
    30
    Folio
    Folo LX, facie 11: .Quod
    tQuod creatio .potest
    , otest pa.rticipari
    participari creatuns..
    creaturs ..
    13.
    Q.
    Quae insania ma!um
    malum totiens idem repetere. Nihil aspieis,
    aspicis, roodo
    od
    librum augeas.
    Folio
    Folo LXIV, facie I:
    : .Quod
    tQuod creatw
    creatio et creatura proportionaliter U.
    commensuratur.'
    oommensratur .
    35
    Si
    5 tibi in
    fronte cornua oonspicerentur,
    conspicerentur, quid ni
    te bovem
    bovero existimaremus, cum bovinum habeas caput
    et ingurgitatum semel cibum totiens
    rumines.
    Folio
    facie 11: .Quod esse divinum
    dvinum producit creaturam.t
    creaturam . l5.
    45FoIio LXXVII, fade
    In
    eodem;
    eodem: .Non
    sequitur, si in
    n creatura sit
    trinitas, quod
    quOll esse sit
    in

    40 creatore.
    Hoc simili modo incwcas.
    inculcas. A
    nobis
    nobS vero responsum superius est
    iuxta sententiam doctorum nostrorum creaturam untatem
    unitatem Dei, non

    8 PIaut.
    Plaut. P'Mb.
    B,ec b 2.
    2:\'~,
    :15 8<1.

    1
    J 20

    Mutio.l.
    W.rti.l. Epigr. 1 4'.

    ,..

    356

    NICOLI
    NICOLAI

    PEROTTI

    trinitatem
    tnitatem repraesentare, quia eum
    cum terminus creationis sit
    st esse creaturae,
    etiam
    etam
    principium eius erit esse divinum. Quod qui impugnat. profecto
    sanctos doctores impugnat.
    ...
    Folio LXXVIII, facie I:
    : 'Non
    sequitur. si Deus in.firutus
    infinitus sit, filium
    quoque infinitum esse..
    I;
    ;
    Ostendit auctor AristoteIem,
    Aristotelem, ex cuius
    cuus sententia te putas argumentari, hoc tibi, si viveret, negaturum, eurn
    cum intemam et consubstantiaJern
    emanationem nemo ex eius saeculi
    eroanationem
    geculi philosophis somniaverit.
    (7.
    Folio LXXXIX, fade
    facie 11:
    tDeus non
    efficit,
    effCit, inquit. sed aggregati
    '7.
    II: .Deus
    ratio..
    10
    Hoc quoque bis a te superius repetitum, nune
    c tertio congeris
    congeris..
    u.
    .s.
    Folio XC, fade
    facie 11; ,Deus
    tDern; non
    fecit caelIIrn,
    caeluffi, sed fach
    facit per caelum.'
    Quae dementia seu potius ignorantia
    ignora.ntia est eandem rem
    rern totiens frustra
    frostra
    commemorare.
    t9.
    Folio XCIV, facie I:
    ; .Quod mundus dependet ex Deo, ut pars a 1:1
    111
    toto aggregato .
    Damus hoc decrcpita.e
    decrepitae tuae. qui rem
    rern totiens repetitam iterum
    inculcas.
    60.
    .
    Folio
    Folo xcrv,
    XCIV, fade
    facie II
    ; tDeus, quod vull,
    , natuniliter et necessario
    vult.t
    .
    20
    Et
    hoc insaniae tuae concedimus
    ooncedmus rursus repetere, ut ortentorum
    portentorum
    tuorurn nurnerum
    tuorum
    numerum augeas.
    .
    FoJio
    facie II;
    ; tAffirmatur animos perpetuos esse etiam
    etam ex
    51.
    Folio CIX, fade
    parte ante.'
    De hoc quoque tibi responsurn
    responsum est superius et ex opinione
    opinone Aristotelis
    Aristotels 25
    contradictum.
    contradCtum. Falsoque calumniaris
    calurnniaris hoc ab auctore affirmari.
    affirmari, eum
    cum
    ostendere dumtaxat auctor
    auetor voluit longe te a sententia Aristotelis
    aberrare,
    abeare. quandoquidem
    quandoquidern animas
    anirnas ilIum
    illum posuisse existimas et
    el principium
    prindpiurn
    habere et perpetuas fore.
    52.
    Folio CXI.
    CXI, fade
    facie n:
    ; tC1arum
    tClarum animum
    anirnurn phlosophi
    philosophi repetere.
    repetere, quod30
    in
    divina sede conspexerat
    conspexerat.
    .

    homo rudis
    Non auctoris haec, sed Platonis verba sunt, quod tu
    et crassus intelligere nequivisti.
    nequiisti. Affertur autem longa
    Ionga Platonis
    PJatonis oralio,
    orato,
    ut manifestius ostendatur.

    ostendatur, quem iIle


    ille amorem censet esse laudandum.
    13.
    63.
    Folio CXXI, facie 11;
    II; tQuod animi bumani in
    coetu caelesti
    :aelest 36
    3
    vultum divinum
    diinum intuebantur.t
    Haec quoque simili modo ex Platonis
    Plalonis oratione sumpta 1iunt
    sunt et
    el ab
    auctore eadem ratione oommemorantur.
    comrnemorantur.
    6f,.
    s.
    Folio CXLI, fade
    face I:
    ; tQuod Plato
    PIalo irreprehensibilis est.t
    est.' Et
    folio
    10~ XXIlI,
    , fade
    facie secunda;
    secunda: tPlatonis os sacrum.f
    sacrurn.f
    ~
    M
    Haec est tua illa
    lrna atque animi perversitas. Sed nobis
    il1a ingens calumnia
    satis est eam
    earn semel
    sernel detexisse.
    detexissc.

    REFUTATlO GEORGlI TRAPEZUNTII.


    TRAl'EZUNTU.

    ,.,
    ""

    Folio
    Folo CXX, facie
    faeie II;
    ; .De restitutione animorum secundum Plato- 65.
    .
    nem post decem milia annorum,
    anDorum, et si
    s amori puerorum non
    indulserint,
    post tri&inta
    tr&inta milia annorum .
    Platonis opiniones, immo verba.
    verba ipsa ab auctoN
    auetoN referuntur,
    ut
    11 videant omnes ealumniam
    ca1umniam tuam, qua gravissimum
    gJ'aviJ:;smum philosophum turpissimi sceIeris
    sce1eris insimulas.
    insmulas. Turcum vero impium, infidelem, see1eratissi
    sceleratissi
    mum, qui inter cetera f1agitia
    flagitia hoc maxime vitio oontaminatus et in
    profundum obscoenitatissubmersus,obsoletorum choris stipatus incedit,
    laudas, admiraris, extollis, pium, sanctum,
    sa.nctum, a Deo rnissum reformatorern
    10 humanae vitae et redemptorem tuum secundumque post Constantinum
    imperatorem vocas. 0
    sce!us,
    scelus, 0 f1agitium,
    flagitium, 0 monstrum, prod.igium,
    prodigium,
    portenturnl Sed de hoc paulo post latius explicabimus.
    Folio LXIV, facie
    faeie 11:
    11 ; -calumniatur, quod dixerim serpentes magis66.
    esse oolendos quam angelos .
    16
    Calumniam istam vocas? Velim rnetum parumper experiaris, a:rgu.
    argu
    mentator acutule. Recte ne hoc ex tua illa argumentatione
    argumentatone oolligatur.
    Quoniam,
    Quonam, inquis,
    inquS, Plato secundum
    seeundum et tertium deum ooiendum
    oolendum esse
    opinatur, p.rofecto
    profecto scarabaeos quoque pariter ooIeJldos
    oolendos esse non
    negabit,
    quod, eurn
    curn omnes creaturae
    c.reaturae aeque a creatore distent et in infinit
    infinitum
    um a
    20 Deo differant,
    diffe.rant, in
    finito autern nihi1
    nihil sit
    S rnaius, si una creatura
    ceatura oolenda
    est, omnes aeque sunt colendae. Sunt
    Sun,t ergo colendi sca.rabaei.
    scarabaei. Si
    5 igitur
    haec tua ratiocinatio recta est, eur
    cur Bessario quoque n,0tl
    non ex dictis
    dctis tuis
    rectissime ratiocinatur ita inquiens; Cum angeli
    angel aeque a creatore
    ceatore
    distent ut serpentes, - ambo enim
    eJlm in
    infinitwn
    infinitum distant - profecto
    26
    2 si tu
    angelos colis,
    coIs , serpentes quoque te colere necesse est?
    est ? Eadem
    enim ratio est utriusque argumenti.
    argument.
    Non igitur
    g de Bessarione querare,
    que.rare,
    quod tibi immanis beluae cultum oblicit,
    obncit, sed de te potius, ex cuius
    cUus
    argumentis id plane sequi Jlecesse
    necesse est.
    Folio LXIV, facie
    faeie I:
    : tCa1umniatur,
    tCalumniatur, quod scripserim
    scjpserim erfectam
    perfectam ex57.
    ex 57.
    00 vestigUs
    cognitonem Dei.
    De. Legatur quintum eapitulum
    capitulum
    se
    vestigiis posse haberi eognitionem
    libri secundi circa medium capituli
    caitt
    .

    inoonsta.nta tua eum, ut ita


    ita,
    Non haec a,uctoris
    auctoris calumnia est. Sed inoonstantia
    scriberet, compulit.
    compl. Saepe enim tibi contingit,
    co,
    s, quae
    qua,e proposuisti,
    proposuistl,
    ut iis,
    contraria scribas, quod hoc 1000 usu venit. Nam euro
    curo AristoteJem
    Aristotelem osten
    35
    311 dere proposusses
    proposuisses e vestigio triJlitatem
    trinitatem divinam intellexisse,
    intellexsse, mox
    m propositi oblitus
    obltus subdis: .Haec
    tHaec cum
    eurn ita se ha,beant,
    habeant, ad rem rediens
    redieru dico
    dieo
    Aristotelem plane unius Dei trinitatem inteJlexisse
    intellexisse .
    Non e vestigio
    vestgio
    dixisti,
    dixist, sed plane, hoc est aperte et maJlifeste.
    manifeste. Multas huiusmodi contra- M
    11
    dictiones notare in
    libris tuis auctor
    auetor posse.
    potuisset. Sed rationem habuit
    .0
    propositi sui, quod erat, non
    no
    ut te oppugnaret, sed
    ut Platonem defen17 cf. Georg. Trap. Compan.t.
    C.,:'.....t . 11 2.
    S6 Georg. Tr
    Trap.
    .. p. Compoust.
    Compu:at. Il
    3.

    23 ,,1.
    cf. 13!uu;ODia
    BTHooa 10
    ID Cal.
    Ca.1. Plat.
    pa. 111 6,

    3'"

    NICOLI
    NICOLAI P

    EROTTI

    deret. Praeterea eum


    cum ceteri quoque philosophi et imprimis Plato
    Pla.to subobscuram quandam suspicionem trinitatis habuisse videantur, tu
    vero
    Aristotelem ob cognitionem
    Aristote1em
    cogntionem trinitatis
    trinitatS inter sanctos ChristianoJUm
    Christianonm roco
    stituendum putes, profecto exceUentem
    exceUentero aliquem
    aliquen cognitionis
    cognitonis modum ei
    tribuas oportet. Alioquin frustra tantum pa.pyri
    papyri consumps.isses. Tribuis 5
    autem
    autern quod nullus adhuc ex sanctis nostris COn.seqUi
    consequi in
    n hac vita potuit.
    Nemo enim trinitatem intellexit,
    ntellexit, sed fide dumtaxat ctWidit;Aristoteles
    vero p1ane
    plane intellexit, si opinionem tuam sequi velimus fa1sam
    bIsam atque
    haereticam.
    68.
    Folio LXXXIII, fade
    facie II:
    : .Quod
    .od SCripsimU5
    scripsimus naturam esse Deum,10
    calumniatur.t
    ca.lumniatur.t
    loco hoc dicas, nolumus in evolvendis libris
    librS tuis
    Immemores. quo 10c0
    tempus absumere, eum
    cum praesertim te in hac parte auctor
    allelor ipse excuset
    et sententiam tuam benigne interpretetur non
    no imitatus
    mitatus malignitatem
    milignitatem
    tuam, qui ea, quae ab illo optime scripta
    scripa sunt, pervertere ac depravare 15
    conaris.
    9.
    Folio
    Folo CXLIV, facie 1I:
    11: .De nativitate Platonis miraculosa,
    miraeulosa, quod
    69.
    ex vtrgine
    vigine .
    Satis sit nobis semel tibi respondisse, ne oblivionern
    oblvionern tuam imitari
    ve1le videamur.
    ideamur.
    20
    Elf).
    6f).
    Folio CXCI, faeie
    facie I:
    : .Demonstret,
    . Dernonstret, inquit, adversarius nihil in
    quattuor viris
    irs reprehendendum fuisse .
    Hoc p1ane
    plane falsum
    fa1sn est. Auctoris
    Auetoris enim sententia fuit, quod pro,; quattuor ducibus fuisse,
    sse, quod iure
    ure rebare te oportebat nihil
    nmil in illis
    prehendi posset, et tunc
    tune Platonem arguere.
    26
    61.
    Folio CLVIII, fade
    facie 11
    U : tCa1umniatur,
    .ca:umnatur, quod scripseram
    scripserarn Graeciam
    Graeciarn
    periisse, quia legibus Platonis usa fuit.
    . Item calumniatur,
    calurnniatur, quod eccIe
    eedeconta.mnatarn. Libri sunt
    " in
    manibus pontificis.
    siam dixi nefario scelere contarninatam.
    Quare flon
    non poterit dici
    diei detractum
    detraetum aut additum
    ad.dtum aliquid esse?t
    esse?
    Haneine tu
    Hancine
    caJumniam
    ca1umniam vocas? 0 hominem
    hominern inconstantem, levem,OO
    ridieulum
    delrum I Quam
    Quarn recte
    reete Nicoboli illius apud Plautum
    ridiculum et plane delirum
    verba transferre
    verba.
    tmuslerre in
    te posses:
    .Quieumque
    tQuicumque ubi sunt, qui fuerunt quique futuri sunt
    " postbac
    "tulti,
    stulti, stoJidi,
    stolidi, fatui , fungi, bardi, blenni. buccones.
    SoII.l.S ego omnes longe eo ante stultitia
    sttitia et moribus indoctis..
    3Ii
    a;
    Solus
    Equidern abstinere hoc loco a cisu
    Equidem
    risu non
    possum, tarn egregie
    egrege rationem
    colligis. Negas dixisse te idcirco Graeciam
    Graeciarn periisse, quia P1atonis
    Platonis legibus
    usa fuit. Quod ut ostendas, addis operis
    opecis de compara.tione
    comparatione philosophonm
    philosophorum.
    seeundi libri
    bri titulurn
    ttulum ta1em
    talern ponis: .Quod Platonis
    titulos, inter quos secundi
    scripta. praecepta,
    prae<:epta, instituta Graecia.m
    Graeciam perdiderint.t
    perdiderint . 0 run;us incon
    incon- 40
    M
    11"
    11.. stantem
    stantern et levem
    levern et ridiculum
    ridieulurn et plane delirum
    delirurn hominem!
    horninem I 0 excordern,
    excordem,
    vecordem tecurnque
    tecumque discordem!
    vecordern
    discordeml Hoc perinde eerte
    certe est. ac
    ae si
    " diceres:
    dieeres:
    33 Pl.at.
    PL.at. BKch.
    Bch. '037-'089.
    3?"-8. J 39 G.or,.
    G.ors. Tr.p.Comr-..
    Tr.p.Conr- .. t. In
    [ IS.

    REFUTATIO
    RE:FUTATIO GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII.

    3"

    ca1umniatur me delirum esse, quia deliro; calumniatur me insanire,


    insanre,
    quia
    qUa desipio. Quod vero mox subdis ca1umniari
    ca1umnar te auctorem, quod
    ecclesiam
    ecclesam dixeris
    dixers nefario sce1ere contaminatam, nescio qua audacia, qua
    temeritate, qua oris
    impudentia affinnare hoc ausis. An
    fortasse latere
    5libros tuos existimas, quos primos edidisti,
    edidsti, et eos dumtaxat exstare,
    quos
    qu;; pra.e formidine diversis in
    locis poste.a
    postea castTaSti?
    castasti? Falleris,
    Fal1ers, mihi
    crede. Fal1eris.
    Falleris. Etiarn
    Etiam exstant primi et producentur in
    lucem, necnon
    paulo post a nobis
    nobs eorum testimonia proferentur.
    Non fecit hoc Bessario
    partim pudore, ne tot flagitia commemorans dehonestaret opus suum,
    10 polluens manum scribentis, polluens legentium ocuIos,
    oculos, polIuens
    polluens aures
    audientium, polluens orationem; parm,
    partim, ut tibi parceret,
    pareeret, cuius
    c!> non

    modo aestimationem, sed etiam vitam intelligebat


    intellgebat in
    periculo futuram,
    futunlm,
    si tot scelera, tot
    sordes, tot flagitia de prncipibus
    prineipibus ehristianis
    christianis aDs te
    scripta
    scrpta conspicerentur.
    conspieerentur. Ea est enim viri
    vri bonitas, ea mansuetudo,
    rnansuetudo,
    ut
    111 etiamsi
    etiamS ulcisci
    uleisei inimicorum iniurias prn;sit,
    possit, tamen
    tarnen malit
    mallt oblivisci. At
    nos
    os
    dabirnus operam,
    dabimus
    operarn,
    ut haec omnia
    OffiJ1ia inteUigantur,
    intelligantur, et verba tua tam
    tarn ex
    epistolis
    epistols ad Turcum scriptis,
    scripts, quam ex !ibris de comparatione philosophorum sumpta in
    cake
    calce huius operis
    opers poJ1emus.
    ponemus. Nunc
    Nune reliquas adnotationes prosequamur.
    20
    Folio CIV, fade
    facie 11 : .Apex
    tApex impietatis adversa.rii,
    adversaru, quia dieit
    dcit res 622.
    non
    esse futuras.
    futuras, quoniam Deus praevidit, sed ideo Deum praevidere,
    quia sunt futurae. CaIumniatur
    Calurnniatur etiam in
    eapitulo
    capitulo quarto !ibri
    libri secundi.
    secundi,
    quod inscribitur
    inseribitur de providentia et fato. Scripsimus bona OmJ1ia
    ornnia futura
    esse, quia Deus praevidit; mala
    esse.
    rnala e eonvefSO,
    COJ1VefSO. quia futura sunt, ideo
    25 Deum
    Deurn ipsa praevidere. Cuncta enim ipsi praesentia esse.
    Si
    5 scriptis tuis
    !> adhibenda est fides.
    lides, profecto idem et de bonis et
    de malis
    malls affinnas. Sed satis
    saUs est nobis in
    praesentia pars ista de maIis
    malis
    ad haeresim atque impietatem
    Impietatem tu.am ostendendam. Nam sacri doctores
    modo
    od bona.
    ideo a divina providentia
    non
    bona, sed etiam maIa
    mala fatentur non
    30 cognosd,
    cogosci. quia futura
    sunt, 5ed
    ;ed ideo evenire,
    evenre, quia Deus futura
    . praevidit.
    Ubi eoniunctio,
    coniunctio, quia J10J1
    non causalis, sed conditionalis est, perinde ac
    ae
    si diceretur.
    diceretur, quod non
    essent.
    essent, nisi a Deo eognoscerentur.
    cognoscexentur. Quippe Deus
    una et sirnplid
    srnplici cognitione
    cogntione bona cognoscit
    cognoseit et cognoscendo bona cognoscit
    cognoseit
    eadem simpliei
    Smplici cognitione eis opposita mala, et ea, !
    ut beatus Dionysius
    35
    3 Areopagita eapitulo
    capitulo septimo inquit de divinis nominibus, a se ipso
    intelligit .tAccipit.
    Aedpit, inquit.
    inquit, Deus cognitioJ1em
    cognitionem tenebrarum
    tenebrarurn a se ipso, non

    intelligit.
    aliunde, sed a luce
    aliunde.
    luee tenebras cognoscens.. Tu vero Deum asseris ex
    posterioribus et rebus ipsis eognitionem
    prn;terioribus
    cognitionem a.ccipere,
    aceipere, quod p1ane
    plane impium
    atque haereticum
    haeretieum est.
    M
    12
    .0
    . ..
    Folio LXXX.
    LXXX, facie I : tCalumniatur, quod dixerim de primo83.
    prirno 83.
    hornine,eum ipse affirmet:
    homine,cum
    affrmet: etiamsi numquam ecasset
    pecasset homo.
    homo, numquam
    tarnen ipsum
    tamen
    psum potuisse cognoscere mysterium trinitatis, haereticum est.

    ans

    36 cf.
    d . Diony
    Dionya.
    . Areop.

    n..

    div. nom.
    nn. VII
    i 2 (PG 3. 869 ABJ.
    AB).

    360

    NlCOLl
    NICOLAI PEROTrI
    PEROTl

    Nam si peccatoribus hanc


    hane gratiam largitus est, cur eam innocenti
    mnocenti non

    fuisset largitus?
    Immo
    Jrnmo ve.ro
    VeTO quod
    od ab auctore dicitur. catholicae fidei consentaneum
    et ab omnibus
    mnibs fidelibus tenetuf.
    teDetU!. Quod vero tu
    asseris, maniiestam
    haeresim sapit. Erumvero
    Enimvero se<:undum doctOTUffi
    doctoum omnium sententiam
    sententa.m 5
    !
    primus homo rectus
    reetus atque innocens a Deo creatus, quamvis
    quamis naturalium
    rerurn perfe<;tam
    rerum
    perfeetam cognitionem habuerit,
    habuent, de trinita.te
    trinitate tamen
    tarnen et ceteris
    articulis fidei.
    fidei, qui
    humanam porsus
    prorsus mtionem
    rationem excedunt, nulJam
    nullam omnino
    oronino
    scientiam potuis!;et
    potuisset habere. nisi quatenu!
    quatenus ex
    reveiatione
    revelatione divina a1iquid
    aliquid
    per fidern credidisset, nec umquam
    urnquam per res creatas aut naturali
    natural sapientia 10
    de mysteriis fidei valllisset
    1!! aliquid suspicari. nisi !
    prius fide ipsa duce
    ad ea
    . credenda fuisset illuminatus. Quod autem
    autern divinam essentiam
    viderit, vel hinc
    lqUdo otest,
    quonam, si vidisset. non

    non
    hine appa.rere
    apparere liquida
    potest, quoniam,
    fuisset lapsus in
    peccatum. Tu
    vero,
    veto, nescio
    nesco ex
    quibus po4!tarum fabulis
    po~a theoIogus
    theologus repente exortus, profanas mysteria fidei , religionem
    religonem U
    1~
    polluis, Christi sanctuariurn
    sanctuarium contaminas, dehinc iacturam
    iactur.m christianae
    reipublicae
    reipublcae deploras, et quia Plato laudatur, vir quamvis
    qua.mvis gentilis.
    moribus tame-n ac vitae honestate praeclarus et, quantum sine lumine
    potuit, religioni nostrae propinquus, ingemiscis, non scilicet
    fidei fieri ,
    quia Plato
    P1ato probetur,
    ut dissimulare
    dssimulare conaris,
    conarS, sed quia impijssimus20
    impiissimus20
    Mahumet in
    Romana ecclesia non
    praedicetur.
    6&.
    Quae res ut manifesta aliquando omnibus fmt,
    fia t, poan
    ponam hoc Joco
    ex
    nuper ad Turcum scripsisti, loca quaedam
    qua.edam magis
    m
    el( epistolis, quas Duper
    insi8nia,
    insiia, ipsarum
    if!!'3rum epistoIarum
    epistolarum ordinem sequens, quamquam eas satis
    abunde vir non
    modo civilis et porHIO
    pontificii iuris, sed omnium et bonarum U
    disciplinarum doctissimus
    doctssimus Rodericus,
    Rodericus. pontifex Palentinus,
    Pa1entnus. molis Adriani
    et sacrae pontifica1s
    pontificalis arcis praefectus, magno atque insigni volwnine
    voiwnine
    confutavit. Deinde, quod pollicitus fui
    , ad libmm
    libn.m de compa.ratione
    comparatione
    phJosophorum
    philosophorum descendam et, ve.rumne
    veromne sit,
    5, quod ecclesiam Romanam.
    immo omnem fele
    fere chtistianam rempublica.m
    rempublicam nefandi sceleris insimula- 30
    veris, apertissime demonstrabo.
    65.
    Primae igitur epistolae.
    epistolae, quam ad Turcum scripsisti, tale initium
    Iun
    est: .Ad excellentissimum,
    est;
    excellentissllnum, inclytum optimumque imperatorem Roma
    Romanorum sedem Constantini virtute
    vlrtute sua et victoria divinitus
    d.iu; sibi concessa
    obtinentem Georg
    Georgi Trapezuntii
    Trapezunti episto1a,
    epistola, quod natura
    natum omnibus.
    omnibus, qui 311
    umquam fuerunt, imperatoribus
    umqu3m
    mperatoribus praestantior est
    cst.f
    .
    o facinus inauditum omnibus ante Sil.eculis
    saeculis I 0
    facinus atrox, in
    indignum, nefarium.
    nefarium, perniciosumJ 0 facinus audax et a tide
    fde ac religione
    religone
    nostra remot
    issimum IJ Tune impurum, barbarum ac trucuIentum
    truculentum hbooremotissimum
    la!
    12 minem excellentissimum
    excelJentissimum vocas? Tu immanem, crudelem, nefariwn.
    nefariwn, fO
    33 Georg. Tnp.
    Trap. Epist. I 1<1.
    8<1. Moahum<'tI"".
    Mahum.rt"'D.
    26 Roderieu8
    RoderiCU8 ep.
    ". PaJeutin".
    paJet'inu8 (f
    (r 1470). cf. H.
    . Hurter,
    , Nomeclatorlt...-.riu.a
    Nomeuclatorlit...-.ri ...
    tbeo.l. eatb.
    u,tb. on
    " (o..niPODte
    (OoniPODte '9"6)
    6) 942 aq.

    REFUTATIO GEORGH
    REFUTATlO
    GEORGli TRAPEZUNTII.
    TRPEZNTII.
    aratum
    paratum

    36.

    ad omne nefas, inclytum nominas? Tu


    impudicum, .rapacem,
    rapacem,
    adulterum, peurum,
    perlurum, cupidum, f.raudu1entum,
    f.raudulentum, facinorosum, scelestum,
    sce1estn,
    Deo hominibusque invisum, quem non
    modo nefa,ndi
    nefandi contra na,turam
    naturam
    coitus, sed omnes foedissima,e
    foedissimae vo!uptates
    voluptates praecipitem trahunt, optiJi mum appetJa'? Tu
    inimicum
    inmicum Christi, christiani sanguinis petsec:utorem,
    persecutorem,
    perditorern nO$trae
    perditorem
    nostrae religionis, reipublicae
    reipublcae RO$trae
    nostrae depopulatorem,
    depopulatOTern, praedonem,
    donern, hostem,
    hostern, Romanorum
    Rornanorum imperatorem
    imperatorern constituis?
    oonstituis? Tu
    corruptorem
    oorruptorem
    bonorum morum, furern, latronem, gladiatorem,
    gla,diatorem, parricidam, veneficum,
    venefc:um,
    infamem, omni denique sceIerum
    scelerum genere contaminatum,
    oontamna,tum, virtute
    irtute sua
    10 adeptum fuisse imperium p.raedicas?
    praedicas? Tu
    debacchantem per orbem
    terranun
    eanu saevissimum
    saeissimum tyrannum, furentem saevitia, anhelantem scelus,
    vastantem proincias,
    provincias, u.rbes diripientem,
    dripientem, nostrorum sanguine cruentum,
    nihil nobis praeter ferrum
    feum fIammamque
    fIammarnque ministrantem, a quo in virorum
    conspectu vexari ac:erbissime
    acerbissime coniuges audimus, violari
    ac prostitui
    15 virgines, puerosatque adoiescentes
    adolescentes nefandissima
    nefandssima Iibidine
    Iibidne foedarl,
    foeda, teneras
    atque
    a,tque innocentes animas, quae maxime aetas "sse parentbus
    parentibus dulcioI'
    dulciol"
    a1lidi, templa dirui,
    drui, sacra profanari,
    solet, ante ipsorum oculos parietibus allidi,
    omnia denique ad exitum atque perniciem trahi,
    trabi, victoriam
    ctam divina
    diina ope

    consecutum esse affirmas? Tu


    sentinam iniquitatis, arcem tu.rpitudinis,
    turpitudinS,
    OOofficinam
    2() officinam vitiorum,
    itiorum, receptaculum impietatis, sacraIium sceleris, qui improbos quosque ac facinorosos homines amplectitur, fovet,extollit,
    fovet.extollit, bonos
    vero ac virtutis
    irtutis studiosos persequitur, excruciat, damnat, occidit,
    o:d, natura
    omnibus, qui umquam
    urnquam fuerunt,
    luerunt, imperatoribus praestantiorem esse testaris? Ideone ergo eiicis
    eiicS atque exterminas PIatonem,
    ;
    Platonem. ideo 1eges
    leges eius
    2:>damnas atque persequeris,
    mpietatern in
    sanctam
    ut Mahumetanam impietatern
    atque immaculatam Dei ecclesiam introducas?
    introducas ? Quin ;
    potius morere,
    ut merltus

    metus es, quamquam


    quarnquarn non
    tam
    tarn mori dignus
    dgnus esses, quam vivus
    ;
    vidensque dehiscente terra in oonspectu
    conspectu omnium absorberi
    absorbe..
    Hac igitur mtione
    ratione commotus
    oommotus quoque ipse, latinam eIoquentiam
    eloquentiam 6&
    &
    tHac
    00 gratia Dei prae ceteris habens, statui tandem ncpem
    principem nostrorum
    saeculorum eligere, cuius praeclara.s
    praeclaras virtutes et animi atque corporis
    copoS
    dotes oonscribendo
    conscribendo et mihi ac meis
    meS ad praesens conferrem
    nfeem et illi perpetuas
    laudes aetemumque
    aetemurnque nomen ad omnes, qui latine sciunt, affe/Tem.t
    affeem.t
    o belua et
    putidae carnis
    caliS inutile
    inuti1e frustum!
    frustuml Tune latinae
    Jatinae linguae
    35 petam
    peritiam te habere gloriaris?
    gIoriaris? Tune eloquentiae
    e]oquentae nomen adeptum
    a,deptum te

    putas? 0
    nostrae
    nostne aetatis prae<;larum
    praedarum Nestotem,
    Nestorem, cuius ex ore felle
    amarlor
    amar fluit
    oratio.
    orato.
    Non vides,
    ides, asine?
    Non sentis?
    Non intelligis
    scripta tua apud omnes contemptui, derisui
    dersui ac
    a ludibrio esse? Cuius M
    13
    oratio,
    ora.tio, praesertim ubi e10quentiam tuam extollis, ftacta
    fracta est, humilis,
    4Odemissa, sordida, infamis, et plane puerilis. Ubinam
    Ubnam legisti apud doctos
    et eloquentes viros
    iros .bac
    tbac tatione
    ratione commotus.
    commotusf ro
    pro permotus sive impulsus?
    impu1sus?
    Ubi teloquentiam
    teloquentam gratia Dei
    prae ceteris
    ceters habenSt
    habens pro eloquentia
    e10quentia Deo

    propitio ceteris superior? Ubi didicisti


    didicist orationem ita augere tanimi
    anmi

    362

    NlCOLAI PEROTTI
    PEROI

    atque corporis dotes


    dotes. pro col}XJris
    corporis et animi dotes? Ubi conlerrem
    confeem .pro

    utilis essern.
    esserne nullo
    nulle (;asu
    casu adie.::to? Ubi taeternum
    aeternurn illi J10men
    nomen 3d
    ad omnes,
    ornnes, qui
    latine sciunt, afferremt
    pro aetemum illi
    1li nomen apud omnes, qui latina
    la.tna
    lingua utuntur, sive qui latinam linguam
    lnguam non
    ignorant, compararem?
    67.
    Sed Dolo
    0 in re
    e manifestissima
    manifestissna diutius versari.
    Ad alia venio, 5
    Rec::te
    irtutes
    Reete sane e1egisti
    elegisti tibi pncipem
    principem saeculorum nostrorum, cuius virtutes
    et corporis atque animi dotes laudares. At quis
    quill est princeps iste? Nempe
    Turcorum tyrannus, homo ferus, barbarus. atrol(,
    atox, facinorosus, audax.
    auda.x.
    puicida
    parricida,, inflammatus
    infla:nmatus odio, excaecatus superbia, cruorem
    cuorem Christianorum semper anhelans,
    anbelans, Bobis,
    nobS, fidei, re1igioni.
    religioni. templis. ans.
    aris. focis. sepul-l0
    sepul-10
    cris
    ct humarutati infestus.
    c:ris maiorum nostrorum, naturae denique et
    Quae vero sunt
    5unt virtutes
    vl.rtutes eius? Quae dotes? Quae res sestae? Profecto
    ebrietates, popinae. crapulae. lusus,
    Jusus, ructus, vomitus, ganeae, adu1teria,
    adulteria,
    stupra, incestus, nefariae marium libidines, iracundia, intemperantia,
    nequitia,
    nequita, luxuria, impudentia, temexitas,
    temeritas, praedae, rapinae, furta, latro- U
    1~
    cinia, caedes, inflammationes w:bium,
    rubium, trucidationes civium, vastationes
    provinciarum, excidia
    excida rerum publjcarum,
    publicarum, et quicquam dici aut agitari
    dirum
    drum ac
    ae tetrum J>test.
    potest. Hunc
    Hune igitur
    tibi elegisti, quem laudes, quem
    admireris, quem in
    caelum tollas, euius
    cuiu.s gesta suavi
    suai loquentia
    loquenta tua con~
    eon~
    scribas. Platonem vero, cuius optimi
    m mores et vita innocentissima 20
    fuit , non
    no modo w:be
    Ita1ia pellis, sed ex omni orbe
    terrarum
    rube atque Italia
    elicis
    ecis a tque exterminas.
    6&
    Mox
    vero id ipsum confirmans haec subiungis; .Nec
    INec:: mihi J>!
    potuit
    umquamaliquis principum Ew:opae
    umquama1iquis
    Eruopae res magnas
    rnagnas et historia aeteroitateque
    aeternitateque
    dignas
    dgnas offene,
    offerre, nisi
    S tu so!us
    solus princeps
    prineeps clementissime, rex regum, imperator25
    imperatr2
    imperatorum. a natura ipsa iussu
    us; Dei hominibus missus .
    o te miser:un
    rniseram atque infelicem
    infelcem Europam, quae nullum producere
    iam septuaginta annis principem
    prineipern J>tuisti,
    potuisti, qui materiam historiae tam
    tarn
    praeclaro scriptori praeberet r Frustra Arretinus,
    praec1aro
    Aetmus, Blondus, Valla, PhiJelPhi1el~
    phus a1iique
    aliique aetatis nO$trae clarissimi
    cla.rissimi scriptores in
    scribendis suorum so
    SO
    temporurn rebus gestis
    temporum
    gestS tempus conwrnpserunt
    conl!:umpserunt . Solus Turcus laudanlaudan~
    dus erat, sola illius gesta scribenda. Mento
    Merito Trape:r.untius hunc
    hune clemenH
    13 t issimum vocat, Cur? Quia fidem Christi
    Christ persequitur, quia
    qua religionem
    relgionem
    nostram pessndare,
    pessumdare, delere. exstirpare amatur. Regem etiam regum
    appellat, quia
    qua eum
    eurn Christo lacit aequa1em.
    aequalem. Tmmo,
    Immo, si quis animum
    anmum eius 35
    videat superiorem !
    69.
    Item post haec; tQuamvis
    _Quamvis in
    genere tue
    futurum a1iquem
    aliquem multarum gentium principem insularumque dominum et divisum orbem
    tenarum
    tearum in
    m
    unurn imperium adducturum scripturae auctoritate
    auetoritate
    prospexi. Quam rem hic latius aperire non
    arbitror oportere. Nam quaejQ
    o:uHiora sunt atque abdita, non
    nisi
    occultiora
    niSt in tempore suo aperienda sunt .
    Transfert sceleratissimus vit
    it et Turco,
    ut sic
    sie dicam. turcior sacrasacra~
    r um litterarum sensum
    5eI\Sum in laudem impissimi barbari ct, quae de Domino
    y

    REFUTATIO GEORGn
    GEORGI1 TRAPEZUNTU.
    .

    363

    nostro Iesu Christo scripta sunt, in


    i crucis
    crueis inimicum convertit. Quo
    nibil dici sce1eratius potest. Sed de hoc 1atius,
    nibjJ
    latius, cum
    curn ad secundam
    secundarn epistolarn
    stolam ventum ent.
    erit.
    Et
    paulo post: .Verum si quis altius excogitare velit, is profect070.
    Ii
    Ci videbit nullum umquam excellentissimorum imperatorum,
    mperatorum, regum, pn
    principum ita
    a a natura institutum divinitusque ad orbis imperium
    mperium destinadestna
    tum
    un fuisse, sicut maiestas tua est.I
    est .
    En
    quomodo Turcum
    Turcurn omnibus etiam christianis imperatoribus profert,
    fm, nullumque
    nullurnque hoc solo
    5010 excepto a Doo
    Deo caelitus missum
    rnissum dicit; non
    no
    10Constantinum
    lOConstantinum mitissimum principem, qui
    tanta pietate, tot meritis
    sacrosanctam ecclesia
    e:lesiam
    rn est rosecutus;
    prosecutus; non
    Iustiflianum,
    Iustinianum, qui
    tot
    ! eam
    earn
    sa.cratissimis legibus firmavit,
    finnavit, auxit, roboravit et tam
    tarn insigne templum
    Byzant
    Byzanti constroxit; non
    Theodosium,
    Theodosiurn, cuius fidem,
    fidern, religionem,
    religonem, integritatem etiam sanctissimi
    sanctissmi viri litteris
    litterS prodiderunt; non
    Carolum
    Carolurn illum,
    15
    Ui cui Magni cognomen fuit, qui
    totiens oppressae subvenit ecclesiae et
    paene innumerabilibus templis, quae per omnem ltaliam
    It.aliam partim vetustate collapsa,
    cllapsa, partim bellis atque incendiis consumpta fuerant,
    Iuerant, instauraus, quattuor et viginti
    rans,
    vign monasteria de novo
    magnificentissime construxit;
    struxt; non
    praeterea a1ios,
    allos, quorum et res gestae amplissime
    arnplissime et bene20 fieia
    fiCa in eccle:siam
    ecclesiam Dei maxima fuere.
    Sed ad reliqua
    relqua properemus.Non dico haec temere,
    ternere, sed ratione 71.
    certa, non
    imaginatione falsa commotus, sed veritatis
    eritatis amore impulsus.c
    mpulsus.c
    Post haec iterum, quod superius dixit, incu1catincuJcat-: .Quas ob res manifestum
    manfestum
    est natura te omnes, qui fuenrnt,
    fuennt, reges, prinCJpes,
    prineipes, imperatores excedere.c
    2Ii
    2 Deinde addit: .Maiestas tua ad hunc diem magna fecit et mak>ra
    matera
    pe:rficiet,
    perfidet, modo vita
    ", supersJt.
    supersit.
    Non enim dubito, quin felicitas suprema
    divino
    ino munere tibi concessa crescet in dies meritis tuis.c
    Haec $unt,
    sunt, 0 camifex,
    canfex, quae de chnstiana
    christiana republica cogItas.
    cogitas. Haec
    SUllt,
    sunt, quae in
    n pemiciem nostrae religionis molins.
    molris.
    Non satis est Turcorum
    30 tyrannos totam
    totarn iam Minorem Asiam, Lyciam, Paphlagoniam, Pbrygiam,
    Phrygiam, M
    14
    Ciliciam, Cappodociam, GaJatiam, Pontwn, Bithyniam et in
    Europa
    Thraciam, Macedoniam,Achaiam, Epirum, utranque
    utramque Moesiam
    Moesiarn a ChfistiaChfStanis abstulisse, non
    cepisse
    cepsse reginam
    :eginam i1Iam omnium urbium Constantinopolim, non
    magnam IUyrii
    IUyr partern
    partem subiugasse, non
    tot milia
    milla Christianorurn
    Christanorurn
    35 partim trucii!asse,
    truciilasse, pattim in
    foedissimam
    foedissirnarn servitutem abduxisse, nisi
    hanc beluam ad reliqua subigenda et incites et horteris,
    borteris, affuturumque
    ei divinum
    diinum pra.esjdum
    pra.esidium polliceare. Certe nihil aJiud optas, n.ihil
    nhil avidius
    exspectas, quam
    uan
    ut venientibus barbaris parum id,
    d, qod
    q~od superest,
    christian imperli exhauriatur, vastetur, uratur, et miseri
    Ch:ristianj
    christiani
    mistri Christiani
    40cervices 1atronibus
    latronibus praebeant sive, ut saepe fieri vidimus,
    vidmus, non
    modo
    in propriis 1aribus,
    laribus, sed etiam in templis et ante aras impssime
    mpissime trucidentmcidentur.
    tu. Proh Deum
    Deuro atque hominem
    homnem IesumJ
    Iesuml NuUum "tarnen
    "tamen ferum atque
    atrox facinus reperiri aut proferri potest, quod maiqP,
    mai"i, ~~pplCo
    ~~pplicio sit .

    364

    NlCOLI
    NlCOLAI PEROTTI
    ll

    dignum. luvst
    Iuvat me ve1uti
    veluti in sublimi
    sublinli quadam specula constitutum, unde
    audiri ab omnibus queam, quanta possum voce clamare: concwrite,
    concwite,
    concurrite
    concuite omnes et
    ct perniciosissimam hanc
    hane estem
    pestem e patriae visceribus
    propulsate. vel potius hoc dedecus hominum.
    honinum. turpitudinem
    turpitudnem saeculi,
    saecul, no
    strae reipublicae
    reipublcae sterquilinium dilaniate dentibus,lapidibusque obruitel Ii

    12.
    Sed iam
    ian quibus
    qbus laudibus
    laud.ibus extollere Turcum conetur, attendite:
    attendte:
    .Sublimitas tua vitio temporum muIto
    quam ceteri
    multa minus
    uteri imperatores
    de foris instituta a se ipsa, auxilio Dei et naturali concitata virtute.
    ingenio, animi praestantia cuncta gessit . Item: tExcellentia tua Italos.
    Pannones, quos Ungaros
    Ungaos vu1go
    vulgo dicimus, Servos, Illyrios. Bosnanos, 10
    Ponticos, gentes ferocissimas
    ferocissmas et belIorum usu, ro
    prout modo se res habet.
    pe:ritissimas, neque modo hos. modo illos ,"cut
    peritissimas,
    sicut Cyrus.
    Cyus. sed omnes
    simul hastes
    hostes babuit
    bahuit perpetuos, et tamen
    tarnen urbem COIlStantinopo1im.
    COIlStantinopolim.
    urbem maximam,
    nmximam, quae Asiam EW"Opae
    celetate mirabili fere
    Europae iutlg1t.
    iUllglt. celeritate
    adhuc adoiescens
    adolescens rapuit.
    r.p. Servos
    Seros magJIa
    magna vi
    i anirni
    animi superavit.
    superait. Pontum 15
    eonseeuta
    consecuta est. Urbe Trapezuntana expugnata Boscinam evertit, I1lyricos
    Illyricos
    ve:avit . Item: .IlIud
    dllud vero mirabile
    mrabile atque inauditum, ac
    ae ideo non

    vel(8.vit
    praetereundum, sed sempiternae memoriae
    praetereundurn,
    rnernae mandandum est, quod eelcelsitudo tua non
    aliorum doctrina, sed suo ingenio instituta est, homines
    20
    exe.rcuit..
    Hae<: omnia
    Haec
    omna eo pertinent, ut, quam libenter Trape~untius Turcum
    laudet, ab omnibus
    omnbus intelligatur.
    inteUsatur. :
    Nune ad reliqua pergamus.
    13.
    .Quas ob res natwa
    natu.ra te principem, regem, imperatorem, quod numquam aliis a Deo donatum est, his
    qoam
    bis temporibUs
    temporibus natum videmus,
    yjdemus, ut
    !
    tandem erepti
    eepti ex confusione colluvioneque
    coUuvioneque regentium hornines
    homines ad unam 25
    rnonarchiam eontrahantur
    contrahantur.
    H 1'- per te monarchiam
    En,
    , 0
    christiani reges et pncipes,
    principes, quanto nunc
    nune vir
    ir scelestissimus
    apertius loquitur et Turei
    ur imperium
    imperiun djyjna
    divina atque imrnortali
    immortali laude
    extollit, nostros vero principatus eonfusiones
    nfgsjnes et eolluviones
    lluyjones vocat, et,
    ut nationes omnes atque imperia
    impera ad unarn
    unam Turd
    ur tyrannidem, quam
    quarn 30
    monarchiam vocat,
    vo.:at, redigantur, exoptat.
    1&.
    1.
    Post haec
    hae<: eloquentiarn
    eloquentiam suam tursus
    rursus extoUit: .Stalui
    .Statui igitur, quicqui:qud eloquentia mihi
    rnihi tribuit, in
    qua si mihi
    rnuJtum attribuo, non
    videbor
    quid
    mmi multum
    imprudens, sed verax, quic.quJd
    iae in
    dieenclo
    dendo largita
    lagi. est,
    quicquid inquam eopiae
    id totum Dei primo, deinde tuo
    corroboratus
    c:ooboratus auxil.io
    auxio ad perpetuas 31>
    3
    laudes tuas celebrandas,gloriam
    laud.es
    :elebrandas,glam quoque, quousque exstat latina
    latna lingua,
    Ingua,
    stabiliendam scribendo,
    s:bend, dieendo,
    end, prae<:ando
    praedicando conferre.
    o Turco sceleratior,
    s:eleratior, qui te
    '! laudes et glomm
    gIoriam eius scribere,
    s:ribere, dieere,
    diere,
    praedire
    testars, hoc
    boc est, quantum
    quanturn abs te fieri pot~t, ceteros
    <:eteros
    praedica.re velle testaris,
    ad eum
    eurn imitandum hortari.
    bortari. Haec
    Hae<: enim
    e nin praecipua causa est, eur
    ur prin-.l(l
    prin-.o
    m atque imperatorum res gestae scribantur, et quemadmodum
    cipum
    faes ad specu1um,
    sit; mores
    rnores ad illorum exemplar eomponi
    possint.
    fades
    speculum, sie
    Sed
    Se<! quld
    quid est, quod eloquentiae tuae tanturn
    tantum tribuis? Fertur quondarn

    ){ 1,-

    REFUTATIO GEORGII
    GEORGU TRAPEZUNTII.
    TRPEZNTII.

    365

    Iuppiter summa
    summo studio quaesivisse. quodnam animantium genus
    pulchriores filios produceret. Quocirca.
    Quocirca omne ferarum genus ac squamigeros
    etiam
    etam pi.sces
    pisces hominibus pe:rmixtos
    permixtos ad eum
    eurn liberis
    liberS confIuxisse.
    confIuxsse. Inter haec
    comparuisse etiam simiam,
    simam, pavum
    parvum inter ulnas natum gerentem et
    6 quasi omnium chemmum
    puleherrimum Iovi ostentantem. Quae res eum
    cum dewn
    den
    ad risum forte movisset,
    rnovisset, simiam in hoc capnen
    camen prorupisse:
    .Iuppiter
    duppiter hoc norit, manet
    man~t victoria
    vietoria si
    quem.
    quem,
    iudido
    iudicio praeest omnibus iste meo.'
    Id mihi
    O1hi eontingere
    contingere in
    praesenta
    praesentia tibi videtur, euius
    c.ius oratio, eum
    cum barbal10 ba.ra sit, puerilis.
    puerilis, inepta et ne mediocriter quidem
    quide01 eruditio viro
    ro convernens. Tamen eloquentiam tuam extollis et quasi simia
    sma filium
    flium tuum
    Iovi ostentans ab eo atque omni turba irrideris.
    irrideris, homo pIane
    plane tudis
    tuds
    et barbarus.
    Post haec finem epistolae
    epStolae his verbis
    verbS imponis : .Finem
    tFinem nune
    !: faciam.16.
    faciam, 16tri
    ; si
    iUud addidero me
    roe pro viribus ingenii et eloquentiae - nihil
    nihl enim
    aliud mihi
    milli inest gloriae - maiestati tuae semper integro animo serviturum .
    Plora etiam erant, quae notari a nobis
    Plura
    nobS iure optimo potuissent;
    sed
    se<! his
    hs in
    praesentia contenti nune
    : ad alteram
    aJteram epistolam transeamWJ.
    transearous.
    20
    .Meam
    tMeam autem
    autern videndi tui et alloquendi cupiditatem
    cupditatem illud duxit.76.
    duxit, 76.
    quod spero. Immo
    mm certior sum futurum te totius terraru.m
    terraru.m. orbis dominum atque imperatorem .
    Iam non
    modo
    m sperat Trapezuntius.
    Trapezuntius, non
    modo optat, sed comperlum etiam habet et certo
    pertum
    cerlo certior est Turcum tolius
    terrarum orbis
    orbS
    2li
    2Ii imperium adepturum. Inanes ergo sunt cogitationes tuae. Frustra abs
    te suscepti sunt
    tot labores.
    labores, Paule secunde, pontifex maxime, cui M
    15
    statim post suscepta pontificatus gubernacula nihil antiquius Iuit, nihil
    quod magis
    magS cordi atque animo insideret, quam ut labantem principum
    nostrorum negligentia
    negligen.ta Christian.orurn
    Christianorum rempublicam
    rempubIicarn sustineres.
    sustneres. d.emer30 sam erig:eres,
    erigeres, oppressam subIevares
    sublevares et impissimum Turcorum tyrann.um
    tyrannum
    ex Europa atque omnibus Christianorum finibus expelleres. lam non

    parwn videberis fecisse.


    fecisse, si tueri pontificatum tuum poteris. Sed ne
    hoc quidem poteris.
    potens, si
    Trapezuntio credimus. Omnia
    Omni.a enim
    enirn occupaturus
    est Turcus
    Tureus et totius orbis dominus
    dOO1inus atque imperator futurus. Verum
    S5
    S comprime.
    compme. quaeso, aliquando teuum
    tetrum hoc et detestabile monstrum.
    Noli pati.
    patio
    ut suo contaminatissimo
    contamnat.ssimo spiritu
    spritu omnia
    omna inficiat atque com<:001maculet. Nimiwn crevit audacia et temeritas hominis. Ter intra annos
    quindecim
    quinde:im carcerem
    careerem est expertus. Primo iracundia, secundo libido.
    bido,
    tertio perduellions
    perduellionis erimen
    crimen eum in vincula eompulerunt.
    compulerunt. Auxit semper
    .0
    . furorem. et impunitas ewn ad quaevis
    quaevi$ flagitia
    flagtia praecipitem
    praedpitem fecit.
    No
    7 AvlaD. Fabul. XIV (MI. F."d _ _ Z3'f.)

    366

    NICOLI
    NlCOLAl

    PEROTTI

    per Deum immortalem,


    irnmortalem, summe porItifex,
    pontifex, hanc
    bane rem aspemari. Noli CODco
    temnere, Doli
    noli neg!igere.
    negligere. Satis hactenus dementiae
    clementae ostendisti. Quicquid
    QuCqud
    posthac pateris,
    patieris, perniciosi erit exempli. laedet maiestatem tuam, illius
    1lius
    augebit improbitatem.
    77.
    Sed iam ad cetera pergamus:
    5
    .Et
    tEt ad summum pontificem et ad reverendissimos dominos cardica.rdinales multosque a1ios,
    alias, Deus est mihi testis, de iustitia tua, d.e prudenta.
    prudentia.
    de peritia philosophiae Aristotelicae, de doctrina in
    omnibus disciplinis
    dsciplinis
    multa. inquam,
    mu1ta.
    iDquam, praeclaraque retuli..
    retuli . Et
    paulo pos:
    post: .Haec
    tHaec omnia non

    dicendo
    dcendo !>Olum
    solum ad praesentes, verum etmm
    etiam in
    n scribendo ad absentes 10
    et posteros dictitans, omnibus, qui latine intelligunt, patefacere
    CODor
    conor.

    Adulatur
    Adulatu: in
    his Turco
    co
    pro more 5UO. Sed en rnira
    rnra suavitas et eleeIegantia eius, qui se eloquentiae prinCipatUffi
    principatum tenere profitetur.
    78.
    .Nam eum
    cum ex animo cuncta haec vera esse
    es5e credam, tacere non
    15
    possum nec debeo. Quod autem haec
    baec vera sint, prunum
    primum Deus eventu
    rerum,
    renm , quae a condita Constantinopoli eonsecutae
    consecutae sunt, universo generi
    hominum aperte ostendit, deinde hominum
    bominum malitia elamat,
    clamat, tertio
    religionum professiones confirmant .
    Audite, audite, obsecro, quibus rationibus homo impurus
    impuns imm- 20
    pendere Christianis
    ChrStians fatum et portendi
    portemli Turco imperium sibi persuaserit.
    Primo experientia.,
    experientia, quod post Byzantii
    Byzant excidium
    eJC:cidium omoia
    omna ba.rbaro
    barbaro feliciter
    felieiter
    seelere Christianoruro,
    ChStianonm, postresuccessermt,
    successerint, deinde nequitia, improbitate, scelere
    roo
    eorum eulpa,
    culpa, qui in
    religione principatum obtment,
    obtinent, hoc est sacerdotum atque pontificum,
    pontifieuro, in
    quibus delicere
    defcere iam
    iarn ac
    ae labefactari fidem
    lidern 25
    coepisse confinnat.
    oonfirmat. Sed hoc multo apertius declarat, tum

    turo inferius in
    hae ipsa epistola,
    hac
    epistola. tum
    turn in
    eo libro, quem de coroparatione
    oomparatione philosophorum
    ne<: privatS
    privatis oe<:
    nec principibus nee
    nec regibus nec sacerdotibus
    inscripsit, ubi nec
    nec episcopis
    episcopi.s nec summis
    surorois pontificibus parcet, quemadmodum,
    queroadrnodum, euro
    ad
    eum
    euro locum ventum erit, apertissime demonstrabimus, quamquam aliis 30
    M
    15 quoque in
    locis eousque amentiae
    a.mentae proruperit vel potius furoris,
    ut
    nominatim
    nomiDatm etiarn
    etam invehi in pontifices maximos fuerit ausus. Principem
    illum innocentissim.um
    innocentissimum Nioolaum
    Nicolaum quintum, pontificem maximum, cuius
    et sapientia
    sapientia. et doctrina et vitae sanctitas tanta fuit,
    fmt, !
    ut suavissimam
    suaissimam
    eius memoriam
    nemoriam nulIa
    nulla oblitteratura sit aetas, a quo tot beneficiis suble- 3li
    3l
    vatus, bonestatus, auctus
    auetus fuerat,
    fuen.t, in commentariis, quos in magnam
    magnarn
    compositionem
    compostonem Ptolemaei furto a Thoone
    Theone subtIactos
    subtractos edidit,
    edidt, tum
    turn etiam
    in margine
    roargine problematum Aristotelis,
    ArStotelis, quae e graeca lingua
    lngua in latinam
    pe:vertit,
    pervertit, adeo turpiter atque ignominiose non modo ignorantiae,
    ignorantia.e, sed
    aliorum quoque vitiorum accusare, polluere
    polIuere Re
    ac maculare conatus
    oonatus est, (0

    ut tantum f1agitium

    flagitium non
    modo
    mod viri, sed oe
    ne mulieres quidern passurae
    esse videantur,
    videantur. eum
    cum nomen illius summa omnes religione
    regione oolant
    colant et
    venerentur.

    REFtITATJO
    REF"(]TATJO GEORGII TRAPEZUNTII.

    367

    Sed iam
    ad alia properenus:
    properemus:
    79.
    tCoepit
    Coepit statim
    statm providentia divina domum tuam, ew,
    cw, ut scriptura
    dicit, unonem
    unionem et
    fidei
    Iidei et
    ecc1esiae
    ecclesiae et imperii Deus reservavit, pauIatim
    paulatim
    atque paulatin
    paulatim exaltare .
    fj
    0
    scelus, 0
    pestis, 0
    tlagitium
    tlagtium I Hucusque
    Hueusque unum totius orbis futurum
    imperatorem
    mperatorem ostendit. Nunc
    NUlle unam etiam
    etiarn fidem
    fidern futuram
    Iuturan poUicetu.r,
    hoc est Mahumetanam. Id enim sentire impium hominem manifestum
    est, eum
    cum eOllfirmaturum
    confrmaturum se id sacrarum litterarum testimonio
    testmonio dicat,
    quas epistolae eommittere
    committere periculosum
    perieulosum esse
    paulo inIerius
    inferius asserit, quod
    l0certe
    ~Ocerte non
    no esset, si de ebristiana
    cbStiana fide loqueretur. Verba eius haec sunt:
    SUDt:
    .Nam
    tNam de scripturn,
    scripturu, quae generi
    gelleri hoc portendunt
    portelldullt tuo, non
    est tutum
    litteris eommittere.
    committere. Quare id in aliud
    aHud tempus transferatur,
    transfeatur, si gratia

    Dei nos
    ; iterum
    iterurn iussu tuo atque auxilio in
    Thraciam
    Thraciarn atque ad celsitudinis
    tuae pedes reducat.. Quae res hinc
    binc etiam eolligi
    col1igi manifestius potest,
    15 quod verba de salvatore nostro Christo Tesu
    Iesu a sacratissimo
    saeratissimo vate decantata transfert in impium Turcum,
    Tureum, eumque aurum Arabiae vocat, quasi
    ille humani generis salvator
    saJvator sit futurus.
    futurns. 0
    bone lesu,
    Iesu, quae digna poena,
    quod satis conveniens supplicium huic immam
    immaru beluae teperiri
    reperiri aut

    cogitari poterit?
    Non potest iam tergiversari homo impius, infidelis,
    infdelis,
    20 Turcus. Tenetur
    Tenetu.r sua confessione.
    confessione, convincitur, premitur, W'getur. Ex
    pellite bunc ehristiani
    christiani principes ex urbe, eiicite ex Italia, e finibus
    fnibus
    Christianorurn exterminate. Quamdiu nobiscum erit,
    Christianorum
    ut He1ena Troianis.
    vel potius
    ut Sphinx Thebanis, nobis et reipublicae christianae causa
    calamitatis, causa exitii. Sustinere tale portentum
    pestis erit, causa calamitatis.
    2riarnplius tetra
    2riampnus
    te:ra nostra non
    potest.
    polest. Sed verba eius afferamus: .Hoc
    tHoc enim
    enirn
    profecto il1ud
    illud est, quod rex et
    propheta David in
    n LXXI cecinit psalmo:
    vivet et dabitur ei
    de auro Arabiae. Aurum enim
    m te ipsum, te ipsum
    et
    inquam, appellavit
    appellait . Paulo post in laudem tyranni
    subiungit: .Et
    praecipue propter iustitiam, quae ad te ita tota
    refluxit,
    reflUXt,
    ut ceteros
    ceterI
    30
    ao principes penitus teliquisse
    reliquisse videatur..
    M
    16
    Desciscirnus iarn
    abs te, Romane ,
    pontifex, et abs te
    mitissime
    rutissime imperairnpera- 80.
    SO.
    Desciscimus
    tor
    tOT Federice Auguste. A
    vobis quoque, christiani reges et
    principes,

    desciscimus:
    desciscmus: Facessite, facessite omnes. Nu11a
    Nulla apud vos
    os fides amplius,
    nulla pietas, nu1la
    nu1la
    nulla religio,
    relgio, nullum aequitatis aut iustitiae vestigium,
    vesligium,
    U nu1lae
    nullae praeterea leges,
    Ieges, nulla iudicum
    iudieum subsellia, nullum tribunal. Ha
    Haec
    omnia a vobis discesserunt et ad Turcum
    Turcurn defluxere, ad quem
    qUl'rn mox
    etiam
    etam imperia
    mperia et regna vestra deventura sunt.
    SUDt. Ad illum
    illurn iam de rebus
    constituendis, iudicandis, agendis referendum est. Illius sacrosanctum
    tribunal petendum, ab illo iustitia
    justitia imploranda,
    mploranda, veJ
    ve1 saltem
    saltern a vobis
    fOomnibus ad illwn
    illum ptoocandum
    provocandurn est. 111e
    Ille scilicet accubans
    aecubans in conviviis,
    tetenimam
    teteimam popinam
    plpinam eJ{halans,
    eJ{haJans, vino languidus,
    lallguidus, cibo confectus, inter
    medios
    nedios paelicum choros, marium nefandissimis
    nefandissmis stupris debilitatus, pro
    thiara
    thia illa infulisque impeT
    imperii sertis redimitus,
    redinitus. diversis oblitus unguentis.

    368

    NlCOLAI PF;RQTTI
    NlCOLI
    RQ

    cum
    cm illo
    supe:ris
    superis irato superci1io leges ac iura
    ua dabit et Christianomm
    ChStanomm
    spollis onustus de aliorum uniurns
    uniuriis decemet. Utinam
    Utnam tibi contingat.
    ut omnium
    onuium
    primus tam
    tarn immanis beluae iudicium adire et, quam tantopere 1audas,
    laudas, experiri iustitiam cogaris, homo miserrime,
    mseime, digne qui
    naufragio
    rag:o expulsus
    esus uspiam, saxis fixus asperis,
    a.speris, evisceratus
    eVSCeratus !atere
    latere $
    pendeas,
    ! ait:
    at: lSaXa
    sa.xa spargens taOO,
    sa.ne, sanguine atro .
    ut Ennius
    tabo, sanie,
    81.
    Quodsi
    Quodsj tua maxime causa defluxisse ad Turcum iustitiam et
    ceteros principes reliquisse commemoras, quia
    qua meritum de sceleribus
    tnis supplicium non
    tuis
    sumpserunt,
    5umpserunt, equidem facile
    fadle tibi indulgeo et in
    hac re soIa
    sola verum te dixisse
    dxisse confiteor.
    coniteor. Quod ideo ti.bi
    ti,bi acci.dit, quia 10
    cum iustitia in
    hac parte pugnante dementia mitissimus pontifex
    vinci
    inc potius a clementia
    clementa voluit.
    l. In
    quo faIleris, si eum
    eurn semper taJem
    talern
    futurum existimas. Divecsis praeterea in
    locis
    Iods Turei
    Tur<:i virtutem et iustitiam
    ab homWcommemoras, eumque
    eurnque verum Romanorum imperatorem non
    hominibus, sed a Deo ereaturn
    creatum iactas.
    actas. Ita enim
    enirn scribis: .Tum
    .Turn ipsae rerum
    rerurn 1i
    u
    variae
    ariae immutationes E't corporum Europae inaudita confusio his
    hS nostris
    temporibus cuncta
    cuneta in
    melius teforrnanda
    teformanda significa.nt,
    significant, turn
    etiam tua
    virtus
    irtus et feticita.s
    felicitas et res magnificentissime
    magnifcentissime gestae id ipsum }X)rtendunt
    portendunt .
    Et
    paulo post: .Sic
    .Sie tu confusum iam
    tarn orbem et titubantem non
    magis
    m
    felicitate quam iustitia, prudentia. magnitudine animi, omnique vir- 20
    tutis munere atque auctoritate
    auetoritate revoces, reducas,
    reduca.s, impellas. Item:
    .Ad haec nemo dubitat, quin
    qun iam iure Romanorum imperator sis. Is
    enim imperator est, qui sedem imper
    imperi iure obtinet..
    obtnet.. Item: .Sed
    tSed tu
    non
    ab hominibus, sed a Deo per eru;em tuurn
    tuum dictam possides sedem.
    lure tu ergo Romanorum imperator es.'
    eS.f Item: .Sequitur
    tSequitur ergo rerum 2Ii
    2
    ipsarum mu1tiplici
    ipsarnm
    multiplici ac longissima
    longissma serie, eum
    cum totius tu
    orbis terrarum
    teanun
    iure imperator
    impeator sis, neminem mentis compotem
    com}X)tem dubitare posse in
    tuos
    reditu.rum imperium
    rediturum
    mperium et usque ad u1tima
    ultima saecula duraturnm
    duraturum . Item:
    16
    1699 .Multis
    _Multis signi.s et auctoritate
    confinnati, in
    n qua p1ane
    M
    auetoritate scripturae eonfinnati,
    plane tangitur.
    summwn in
    genere tuo futurum imperium..
    30
    82.
    Post haec, ut Turco magis gratificaretur
    gratfica:retur et, ut est omnium avarissiaarissimus, pecuniam
    pec::uniam ab eo extorqueret, mentitur se Ptolemaeum, quem iam
    diu non
    latinum, sed barbarum et multis in locis
    Iods mendacem fecerat,
    nondum edidisse, ideoque tam
    tarn egregium opus ad eum missurum et
    nomini eius se dedieaturum
    decaturum pollicetur una eum
    cum eommentariis,
    commentaS, quibus 31
    sese id opus exposuisse gloriatur.
    gloatur. In
    quibus nihil
    nilUI est alkuius
    alicUus dumtaxat
    momenti, quod non
    sit
    5 a Theone, Ptolemaei
    Ptolernaei expositore, furto sublatum.
    sub1atum.
    Sed verba
    erba ineptissimi ponamus: .Ptolemaeus
    _Ptolemaeus iam
    iam. pridem in
    latinam
    no adhuc
    quoniam ad
    a nobis traductus
    traduetus 1inguam
    linguam est, sed non
    adhue editus. Et
    hune
    bunc usque diem non
    recte intellectum
    ntellectum almagestum
    a1m.agestum comperimus, fO
    eommentariisipsum
    commentariisipsum nostris exposuimus.f
    exposuimus . Item: .Quae
    tQuae res Iongo labore,
    multis vigi!s,
    igiliis, addam
    add&m etiam favore regio indiget magis quam
    qUaID privato.
    6 Ellllii
    EIID.1 Thye-t. XIV
    (r.c. .
    I. ..,u,.
    V~ Zfj03,
    EfJ03, />. 88
    E88 . 363).

    REFUTATIO GEORGI1
    GEORGn TRAl'EZQNTll.
    REFUTATlO
    THi'EzNTI1.

    369

    et certe hac de causa nec privatim homines


    bomines possumus, nec reges auxilian
    tur . Item: tQuodsi fea:ris,
    fe:ris, accedet ad tuarum remm
    reum gestarum laudes
    omniumque gloriam disciplinarum. et
    praedicaberis in
    perpetuum, sicut
    sieut
    solus imperator summus, solus maximus in terris exercituum ductor,
    duetor,
    Sc unicus regum ornnium
    pbilosophia
    cogno.156 sie
    omnium in
    philosophia doctissimus, unicus
    unieus in
    n\otibus perspicacissimu5
    in
    omne
    rn genus horninum
    scendis caelestium
    caelestiurn motibus
    perspieacissimus et
    hominum
    beneficeDtissmus,
    beneficentissimus, et
    ita omnes, qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri sunt
    5unt
    pri:ipes,
    principes, reges, imperatores omni genere
    geuere gloriae superabis .
    Cete.rum
    Ceterom iam loca illa notemu5,
    notemus, in
    quibu5
    quibus Christianorum genus 89.
    10 et
    publice et
    privatim incessit.
    incesSt. Imp'l'imis
    Imprimis autem
    autern in
    sacerdotalern
    sacerdotalem ordinem
    invehitur
    nvehitur et
    omnis calantitatis
    calantatis nostrae vitia, sceJera.
    scelera. flagitia
    flagita hominum
    causam esse dicit, quae sanari ampJius
    amplius nullo
    nul10 modo nisi
    S Turcorum virtute
    et
    iustitia possint. Ponemus autem haec omnia loca simul, atque his
    ea,
    , quae ex libm
    libI de comparationephilosophorum
    compat'3.tionephilosophorum surnpsimus, adiiciernus,
    adiiciemus,
    115
    ut
    uno in loco eontemplari
    contemplari omnes possint, an calumniatus
    calurnniatus Trapezuntium
    Bessario fuerit, an potius pro singula:ri
    singulari animi sui moderatione
    moderntione honon,
    honori,
    aestimationi.
    aestimation. dignitati, saluti improbissimi
    improbissmi atque ingratissimi hominis
    pepercerit.
    tNam iam adeo ex humana protervia ereverunt
    creverunt rapaces, adulteri. S&.
    s.
    20 mendaces, peruri,
    m.
    periuri, simulatores dissimutatoresque rerurn
    rerum omnium.
    Praeterea homicidae, proditores, fratrum
    fntrum in
    fratres insidiae. parentum
    in filios amor iniquus, filiorum in
    parentes impietas, uxorum in
    maritos
    perfidia, maritorurn
    marltorurn in uxores contemptus, ut nuUa sit in
    hominibus
    caritas, nulIus amor. nulla iustitia,
    justitia, nulIum virtutis praemium.
    praernium. nullus
    2l5i.ngenii
    2i.ngenii honor. sed omne genus et
    omnis aetas hominum, omnis conditio
    et sexus vitio
    Vtio studeat, ma1itiae
    malitiae vacet, insidiis
    ru;.idiis invigilet, et qui haec non

    fadt,
    facit, iners, vanus et
    omnino mente captus a eeteris
    ceteris omnibus iudicetur.
    iudieetur.
    Quasob
    os nonnuUi arbitrantur,qui non
    dili
    M
    17
    Quas ob res deretictos
    derelictos iam a Deo nos
    genter inquirnnt,
    inquirunt, quo tendant. quae nobis in
    dies divinitus immittuntur.
    80
    Et paulo post: tTertium erat, quo quid velit proVdentia,
    providentia, prout in hac
    hae
    vita fieri potest, percipitur, reHgio
    religio eorum horninun1,
    horninurn, qui ad Deum
    conversi, ut aiunt, non
    huic
    huie vitae,
    Vtae, sed caelesti se deditos pof.
    profitentur.
    quales sunt eIerlei
    clerici omnes et monacbi,
    monaebi, et
    ! qui fratres vulgo appeUantur.
    ceteraque c:.Uuscumque
    caiuscumque huiusmodi gen.eris.
    generis. De quo.rum
    quorum vitiis
    Vtiis oec
    nec libet,
    815
    8 quoniam omnibus patent. nec licet
    lieet plun
    plura dicere, ne
    Deo deditos odisse
    homines.
    hornines. sed professiones scriptis insequi videamur
    Vdeamur . Item inferius:
    neve
    tIn
    sununa tamen
    tarnen dicendum
    dieendum clericos paene omnes non
    Deo m.agis inserioservire q"am
    qnam luxui. Ceteris taoto
    tanto peiores esse, quanta
    quanto angustiora magisque
    ardoa profitentur . Haec ex secunda ad Turcum epistola. Quae sequunardua
    W
    tur eJt tertia
    terto de comparatione
    comparatone philosophoru:n
    philosophorum libro sumpta sunt.
    cd ){al"unetllBl.
    19 Geor,.
    GeorI. TTap.
    . Epist.
    Epst. n
    ad
    }{ah"netn.
    .0101...

    pr:: ...... In.

    ..

    370

    NIOOL
    NICOLAI PEROTrI
    PEROTI

    'Ex
    ' capitulo XV : .Sed vet.us
    veus illa castimonia parum ante PIatonis
    PIatons
    t empora labi coepIt.
    coepit. Postea vero corruptores bonorum DlOrum
    nol1.l1D et
    Graeciam et ceteras partes orbis
    orhis praecipites
    praedpites in
    varia mu1tipliciaque
    multipliciaque
    turpitudinis
    dins gratia dediderunt, adeo
    ut in
    multis Graeciae civitatibus,
    in multis Italiae oppidis, et
    in ipsa urbe Roma turpe
    pe putaretur puero, Ci
    si
    s1 non
    baberet amatorem.
    anutorem. Hinc in
    Gallias
    Gallia.S fiuxa scelerum
    sc.elerum contagio
    adeo crevit,
    ut nemo
    lege uxorem ducere
    ducre posset, nisi qui antea 10(:0
    loco
    uxoris habitus fuerat .t
    Ex
    capitulo XVI:
    : .500
    .Sed doleo, quoniam, quemadmodum
    quema.dmodum saneta
    sa.ncta
    orientalium monachorum vita in
    PJatonicam
    Platonicam ex ipsa Platonis lectione 10
    venerem lapsa, ceterisque contagiosam hanc
    hane estem
    pestem Ja.rgita, divinam
    iram magnitudme scderis
    sceleris accensam in
    Graeciae totius
    8 eversionem
    eversonem
    concitavit.
    concitaVt. sic
    sie video sacerdotalem
    sacerdota1em occidentis castitatem non
    Platonicis
    P1atonicis
    libris, sed aut imitatione aut copia rerum
    rerurn superbientem in seipsam
    insanire et
    universam coinquinare Italiam. Actionibus autem
    autern vitaeque 111
    simili
    smili similes divina proVdentia
    providentia exitus accommodat. Quare oe
    ne vetus
    plOve.rbium SiC
    prove.rbium
    sie de Italia
    Itala ut de Graecia
    Graeca dici ossit:
    pC>gS;t : IStultus
    s non
    ante
    ruinam cognoscit. quam ruat.,
    ruatt, imitandos esse bonos medicos censeo.
    qui nullum aegrotis medicamentum affe.runt, nisi aegrotandi causam
    inspexerint. Ignota enim patiendi causa quisquis resistere laboTibus
    Jaboibus 20
    nititur, quasi caecus ad praecipita
    praecipitia ruit et detrimentum simul atque
    amentiae
    amentae famam lucratur.
    Jucratur. Sed imminentem exitum, quem omnes
    timemus. quemque soIi
    soli praesules repellere possunt, djximus,
    diximus, causamque
    causarnque
    aperuimus. Remedia ve.ro morbis afferre et, quibus rationibus fIagitiosa
    haec
    saDitatem, 000-26
    oon-26
    baec facinora morbique pestiferi reduci queant ad sanitatem,
    est DostfUlT!.
    nostrum. Satis est adrnonuisse similium causarum similes
    scribere non
    effectus esse.
    In
    eodem capitulo paulo post: .Hucusque
    tHucu!>que pro virili parte mea
    81.
    :M
    : 11" dicere, scribere, praedicare possum. De remediis velO
    vero pontifices eorumque consiliarii videant
    ideant nec aliunde quam
    quarn a se ipsis incipiant.
    Non de 30
    omnibus ]oquor,
    loquor, sed ilJud
    illud dico minorem iam
    iarn mihi DUme.rum
    nume.rum integre
    viventium videri, quam
    ut possit
    poss.it apud Deum Italiam
    Ita1iam sustentare, bUus
    buius
    ceterorumque omn.ium
    omnium vitiorum
    Vtiorum causa .
    Ex
    capitulo
    lo XVII
    : .0
    . ignavas principum christianorum
    christiaoorum mentesI
    mentest
    88.
    o animos potentum non
    omnium, sed Platonicorum in clunibus pue.rorum $
    36
    2 "'<>rUm)
    norum) "SI.
    ml# tuIJ.
    ..J. adiu
    ; ti
    I 7 I~I"
    1~lft !oIJ
    ] <dSl
    oIiI ...... t 9 q_admoo"IIl
    qe::namodllI. M]
    ] ediJ.
    edil
    .~

    ...

    .,."..
    _ .t

    10 Pl
    ..toni.
    ton. M
    librnnnn
    Iibrnnnn PI.touicor"IIl
    PI.touicorlln #.
    HSI. I 13 -.Iotai
    &1dota.Iem
    .... M]
    ] .tliJ
    .lil ......
    . ..... 1
    15 lUlia",
    lUlian M
    vit_
    ~_ edil.
    ed/.
    I 17 ltalla
    lta.IIa M
    ..
    lIoS
    obis edil.
    ed. 1 ..
    a.nte
    nt.. M
    .... _
    oIl.
    HSI. I
    20 J8"ota
    J8II"ta. M
    llIIO
    I8II<>... ta.
    ta il.
    HSI. I 23 dio:imus
    di:mus M]
    ] edil.
    /. _ . I 29 p ..... djc
    djc .....
    .... M
    P"edka
    pnedka_
    .....
    que
    <. #.
    Hil. I 8Onlmq""
    eonmq"" consi
    codlien;
    .."i M
    cbristisDique
    cbristiaaique pncl~
    princl~ t4S1.
    l. r 30
    30 11"'"
    ...., .

    . . 111_
    .. _
    dplaDt M
    et ..
    alquaDd"
    ...,,,,d" ..
    aIlene
    ...] M
    ...... I
    liquaDd" remed'"
    Ilene iDciplaot #.
    HSI. I 32 v;deri
    videri u&
    u&. "SI.]
    32 IWiam
    Ital&m M
    """
    oe<: .dit. I 33 callaa
    c .....a M]
    ] t4#
    t4i1 . .",..
    .,."..
    1t Gflorg. Trap.
    .. Gomp.
    Gorp. phl.
    pbil. 111 1'.
    ",.
    34. Gflor
    G .. o rg.
    . Trep.
    Trap. Com.p.
    Comp. phil.
    phll. III
    17-

    19

    Gflora. Trap. Comp.


    GfI"rg.
    Cc>rnp. phli.
    phi!. 1I1
    16.

    37.

    REFUTATlO GEORGII TRAPEZUNTlI.


    REFUTAT10
    TRPEZNT1I.

    turpiter incl"sos I,
    post: tNullus est, qui de ca1amitate
    . Ibidem pauJo
    paulo pos:
    Christiaorum re condoleat,
    condoJeat, verbis et more
    mere PIatonico
    Platonico multi, et ma.xime,
    maxime,
    ChristiaDorum
    qui
    qU nominari honorU
    honom causa non debent.'
    debent ..Sed
    Sed indi1atonem
    ind~tionem in defensares crucis,
    sores
    qui. verbis
    cn, qui
    verbS veritatem defendunt, re oppugnant dolorem
    fpro
    pro 4eiectione veritatis.
    eritatS. Lacrimas cum
    rum ro
    pro omnibus tum
    turn pro nostris
    m nobisque ipsis
    eti
    ipsS rationis freno, quantum fieri potest, reprim.amus
    reprimamus.
    etiaam
    l post: .a(ulta
    .aj:ta possunt viri decori, cum velint;
    veRt; volentque forsan,
    fersan,
    Paulo
    si Platonem
    Platonen contemnent et nates relinquent. Hoc non
    in omnes dico,
    sed in plures. Quare nemo, nisi seipsum prius prodat, mjbj
    mjbi potest
    10 snbinsci.'
    Ex
    capitulo XVII[:
    n: .Non fuit tarn oportuniOl'
    oportunim umquam occasio,8t.
    occaso,.
    si
    s rectam opprimendae falsitatis
    falsitatS viam praesides ingrediantur,
    ingredantur, quam
    quan
    modo est. Sed dnm ex altera
    altera. parte incuria, ignorantia, invidia,
    da, amorque
    Stli
    sui maior qua.rn
    quarn crucis, ex alten
    altera studium, vigi!antia,
    vigi!anta, aequitas, minorque
    16 sui amor qua.m
    11
    quam pietatS
    pietatis falsae in
    opprobrium divinitus
    dvitus propter Platonicos
    p1atoncos
    tadi sumus.'
    mores traditi
    Ex
    capitulo XIX:
    : .Nos vero, qui finem
    finern in cae1is
    caelis vere ac rectePO.
    recte90.
    plnirnus,
    mags quam re facimus, quo devenimus,
    ponirnus, quoniam id verbo magis
    eapitibus
    capitibus late in circulum
    crculum visis confisi.
    cnfis. 0
    pietas, 0 mores prscorurn,
    priscorurn,
    to 0 castimonia praesulum, 0 sinceritas pontificum, 0 caritas, 0 fides,
    o religio
    omnium, 0 auctoritas principum, maiestas
    religo Cbristianorum
    Cbstianorum omn.ium,
    maestas
    regurn, celsitudo imperatorum 1 Huccine, huccine rem christianam
    devenisse
    devensse oportuitl
    oportUtl Huccine caIamitatum adhuc
    adhue Italia inc:olwni,
    in:olwni, Galliis
    GaJlis
    fIorentibus, Alemania imperante, Hispaniis
    HSpaniis yjgentibus
    jgentibus 1abi
    labi eatholiea
    catholica
    relicta estI
    estJ Rapiuntur sacra, rident pontifices, igni
    gn martyrum
    .eritas
    veritas relieta
    traduntur reliquiae,
    reliquae, voluptates
    oIuptates voluptatibus addunt sacerdotes. Sacrae
    virgines divinis
    virgiDes
    ins templis
    templs rapiuntur, dolent circulo capita signati, quod
    DOD
    nOD ipsi
    ps violent, rapia.nt,
    rapiant, stuprent. Expugnantur urbes, capiunturoppida,
    capiunturoppda,
    integra.e
    integrae Mahumeto in dies
    d.es subiiciuntur
    subeiuntur provinciae. Triumphant prinaocipes,
    Ocipes, gaudent reges, popul
    populi orant, multa miJia
    milia Chri9tianorum
    Chri9tanorum iugum M
    18
    servitutis
    servituts quotidie
    quotdie subeunt,
    SUbeUlt, et nos, qui eodem baptSmate
    baptismate regenenti,
    ad idem COIJlus
    copus Domini per gratiam reducti,
    redueti, eandem spem et eundem
    iudic adventum exspe<:tamus, sedemus et oscitarnus maiore corrupti
    iudidi
    coupti
    h"idine,
    bDidine, quam aut Plato
    PIato somniaverit
    somnavert aut Mahumetus speraverit.
    speravet. Et

    frncatibus inquinati,.c1asses
    nquinati,_ c1asses
    N quasi causam jgnorantes arma para.rnus
    pararnus fornicationibus
    1
    1 !Se
    6e calamltabO
    calam!tatl ChriltlaaOf'Um
    Chriotl&on... MI
    ] .dU.
    ./l. _. I
    ventat<lm
    ventatlm M
    pctatem
    pictatem tdll.
    ". I

    8 6zo'"
    f=o", frcuol
    fro MU.
    /l. I 1 MIIIt&
    I. M)
    ) U.
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    ... Mit.
    ... I 9 mlhi
    !
    Nit. _ . I 8 Hoc M
    m/bi M
    tara M
    ta"'etI
    b,mn MU.
    U. I 12 t1!OCt&tn
    rect&tn M
    rectem
    rec,., ulU.
    ... I 17-19 ""
    11 tam
    NOfI vero ..
    _11'; M]
    lmpera.ute M
    hnperlU:lti MU.
    _j
    ] HU.
    _. _. 1 21 11 retigio M:]
    :] MU.
    ". _. I 24. lmp"ra.ute
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    blvigeDtibu.. M/J.
    . I 25--28 RaPIUDt1l'
    RaplUDtll' stllprent
    stllpreDt W] uu.
    ed. />M
    _ .. J
    81
    llil ,rjjl_z'-d
    ... lLa_ti )l
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    genersd 1fW. I M
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    ( IDavia.
    lavla. Nil.
    Mi. I 3& furaic.tio"e
    fumic.tio"e InqulInqi
    uti )(] II.
    . _.
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    _.

    _.

    H'
    ".

    372

    NI(;OLI
    PEROl
    NICOLAI PEROTit

    instruimus adulteriis
    adulteis dediti, pecuniam pro Iibertate effundimus
    efundimus igne
    Sodomitico digni, victoriam
    victam prae stultitia speramus mendaciis, rapinis.
    furto, caedi poximorum
    proximorom studentes. Sanctorum templa oraturi petmus,
    petimus,
    qui per
    pe:r pecunia.m
    pecuniam ad gubernacula ecclesiarum
    ecclesiarom ascendimus. Manus ad
    caelum tendimus, quibus falsa in
    sodaIes
    sodales commercia
    commecia conscribimus, labia 11
    movemus ad preces et corde longe a Deo absumus. Corpore vestito,
    animo Dudo
    nudo deambulamus. Huc et
    ct illuc
    ilIuc oculis, capite et cogitatjone
    cogitatione
    vagamur. Nulla
    NulIa constwtia,
    constantia, nul1um
    nullum robur
    rohuT exce1.sIIffi
    excelsllffi animi, nulIa
    nulla aequitas.
    nulla fides verbis, nullus Dei timor in nobis est. Dignitate aliqua innuUa

    signiti maiora quam h


    homines
    omines sapimus.
    sapm.us. Privati alter
    a1ter alterom
    altenm insequimur.l0
    Pontifices opus suum adulterant. Litteras ad fraudem
    fraudern discimus. Sacerdotia ('t Venere acquirimus, et
    ct Veneri dedicamus. Divitias voluptati
    commendamus. Deinde auctorem vo!uptatum
    voluptatum atque principem Mahu~
    meturn vincere
    vncere sperarnus,
    speramus, et iis vitiis,
    Vtiis, quibus in
    opprobriurn divinitus
    traditi surnus,
    sumus, salutem
    sa1utem quaerimus..
    15
    91.
    eapitulo
    capItu!o XX:
    : . Non credunt
    cedunt primates, pontfices

    Ex
    pontifices negligunt, et
    qui apud eos
    e p]urimurn
    plurimurn possunt, inident.
    iident. (ur,
    Cur, nescio. Nescio, inquam.
    Cogis, ut dicam ? Coniicere pos5um,
    possum, vel
    l quoniam
    quonam a similibus
    similibu5 similia
    no oppugnantur, vel
    ! quoniam non utilitati eommuni,
    communi, sed vo!uptati
    non
    voluptati
    unusquisque invigilat, vel
    quoniam nullius momenti rem esse putant 20
    nec dignam,
    dignarn, de qua tantae auctoritatis, sdentiae,
    scientiae, dignitatis viri verbum
    facere aut omnino cogitare debeant. Vilescere credunt
    cred.unt homines divini
    divin
    suum eaeleste
    caeleste ingenium, s1
    si ad haec terrena
    teena fuerit devolutum.c
    92.
    Haec sunt, immanissimum
    mmanissimum ac foedissimum monstrum, quod ad
    Turoorum tyrannum scripsisti. Haec sunt,
    5unt, quae adversus pontificem 25
    maximum, adversus sacrosanctum
    sacrosanetum cardinalium
    cardinalum senatum, adversus prae~
    pTae~
    sules, adversus omnem sacerdotalem ordinem evomuisti. Haec sunt,
    quibus Romanorum imperatorem, quibus ehristianos
    christianos reges ac
    ae principi!s,
    principes,
    quos
    quQS in
    pueroum
    puerorum cIunibus - honoT
    honor sit legentium auribus - homo
    sce1eratissime dicis incIusos,
    inclusos, quibus cives, populos, nationes, omnem 30
    denique rempublieam
    rempublcam nostram, privatos etiam omnes non
    modo viros,
    Vros,
    sed etiam mulieres turpissime insectatus es.
    e5. Haec omnia et longe plura
    potuisset in medium
    mm proferre Bessario, Si
    si voluisset. Sed dedit
    dedt hoc
    M
    18' partim gravitati suae,
    5uae, ne
    eastas
    castas et
    pud.icas
    pudieas aures tanta verborum im~
    puritate, tanta obscoenitate orationis, tam
    tarn horrenda
    borrenda atque exsecrabili
    exsecrabli 35
    scelerum commemoratione macularet atque inficeret,
    infieeret, partim man~
    1 &dultris
    Mit. DM
    tglle
    pen&dultils dediti MI
    ] ulit.
    ""'.. I tg
    .. e SodolTlitico dipl
    digI M]
    ] Mil.
    . ""'. I 2 sBen
    mu
    ITI" S
    s M
    ptu!anu.
    po.tulamus M;/.
    ",;. 1
    2---{1 ....
    m ....
    edacis
    daciis ..
    .. s tudcnt
    tudent ... M]
    ] e/lil.
    elII. ""' . 1
    3 Or&turi M

    omari
    ...,a ulil.
    Mil. I ... 'Iui
    <):ui per pec:unl&Jn
    pe<:unlam . . . uce
    ucelldimus
    .. di .... us M]
    ] ./lil.
    .J. ""'
    ""'.. r 10 ..
    ...
    pimu J
    /lil..
    ..
    piu .. t M
    I 11 Polltifices]
    Polltifice] Opifices M
    I 11- 12 sacudotia
    ] ..Jit.

    laphlllt
    -moti& .. . dodicamu.
    dedicamu. M]
    /lit. ""'. 1
    13 deinde
    dei>de M]
    ] uit. ""'. I 14.
    4. li. M
    his
    hS eilit
    elit I divinituo.
    divnitu. M]
    ] ulit.
    Mit. ""'. I 16 polltifoes
    polltifices M

    noti
    ...
    ti poptifices
    pontifices ulit
    Mit . I 11 11811<:;0
    "ec;o M]
    ] ulil.
    Mit. ""'. i 18-19 a limilibus
    sl.milib . . quOlli
    quonlam
    .. m M]
    ] ulil.
    MU.
    0f0I.
    _. J 20 iIIri8i1at
    ;"Vlat ulit.
    uJit. iIIvigilamus
    iIIiI M

    REFUTATIO GEORGll TRAPl!.ZUNTIl.


    REFUTATlO
    :I.

    373

    suetudini et lenitati, ne te quamvis atrocissimum hostem, Deo hominibusque invisum redde.ret et salutem 3e
    3C vitam tU8m in
    periculo
    perieulo poneret.
    Ego quoque, si qua mihi fides
    lides est, horrescens haoc retuli. Honenda
    Hocreoda
    enim dictu sunt et e,,-secrabilia
    exsecrnbilia auditu. Sed quornodo
    quomodo pa.ti
    pati possem
    potuissem.
    5 vinetum
    inctum Iesu Christi, virum innocentissimum, optimum, sapientissimum,
    doctissimum et ipsa iam senectute ac barbae illa
    Ula canitie
    caoitie venerabilem,
    veneabilem,
    quasi calumniatorem
    ca1umniatorem ab homine impurissimo vel potius a foedissima
    belua reprehendi atque damnari?
    da.mnai? Quid nunc
    nune miser suspiras?
    suspras? Quid
    torqueris? Quid.
    d. ma.nu
    manu caput perfricas ?7 Optares, opinor, ut iam te
    10deglutiret
    IOdeglutiret tena,
    terra, quam.
    quarn ealcas,
    calcas, quemadmodum
    quemadm.odum olim Moyseos precibus
    Datam et Abirom deglutivit.
    deglutvit. Times enim vindicem pontificis dexteram
    et ultrices
    ultriees scelerum f1am.mas
    flarnmas refonnidas.
    Sed
    Se<! eur
    cur te invidia, superbia, arrogantia
    IIrogIIHII pra.ecipitem tulit? Infelix.l9S.
    Infelixl9S.
    Hic enim fons, haec origo, hic fomes omnium
    m malorum tuorum fuit.
    .
    15 Nam, quiacasu nescio quo opinionem olim
    olm quandam
    quanda.m doctrinae consecutus
    conseeutus
    in
    n Italia fueras, primis iIlis
    illis temporibus, quibus revocari in
    lucem, quae
    diu sepulta fuerant,
    fuernnt, optimarum disciplinarum
    discipInarum studia
    studa coepere, postquam
    adventu doctissimorum virorum, quos Nioolaus V
    pontifex maximus undecumque ad urbem ascivit, ignorantia
    ignoranta tua detecta est. Praeser20 tim nova
    interpretatione
    nterpretatione probIematum
    problernaturn Aristotelis,
    Aristotelis. quam Theodorus
    Thessalonicensis, vir utriusque Iinguae
    lnguae doctissimus.
    doctissimus, edidit.
    d.i, mox
    m te rabies
    rnbies
    quaedam immensi furoris invasit, et veluti
    velut draoonis epoto calice in
    sanire ac
    ae palam furere coepisti, instarque
    instarqIIe rabidi canis huc atque illuc
    anxius
    circumfei, tamquam non
    modo ipsum Theodorum, sed quosa.nxius circumferri,
    25 eumque
    cumque Theodoro favere intelligeres, - omnes autem ei paJmam iure
    illre
    optimo
    opmo dabant - in
    eos genuinum exercere, hinc
    hine te semper furiae
    agitare,
    agtare, hine
    hnc superbia, indignatio, invidia
    .. pra.ecipitem
    praecipitem fene,
    ferre, hine
    hinc tu

    maJedictis in
    omnes invehi, non
    principibus, non
    eardinalibus,
    cardnalibus, non

    summis pontficibus
    pontificibus parcere, Quo factum est,
    ut ex illo
    llo fonte ac
    ae seminario
    30 vitiorum tuorum usque adeo tandem audacia et malignitas et perfida
    perfidia et,
    ut dicam, desperatio creverit,
    ut non
    modo vitam ac
    ae mores christianochristano
    rum principum et populorum spurcissimis verbis foedare atque pollnere,
    sed prodere rempublieam
    rempublican christianam,
    christianam. impium
    m Turcorum tyrannum
    in Italiam
    IIIlam vocare, u:bibus,
    urbibus, templis, tectis, manibus,
    mambus, fortunis nostris
    35 ignem subiicere, et tuam impurissimam
    impuriSSmam animam
    animam. nefarie Mahumetanae
    sectae oonsecrare volueris.
    volue:is. Atque haec omnia, quantum in
    te fuit,
    ,
    animo, cogitatione, navigationibus,litteris
    navigationibus,ltteris perfeceras.
    perleceras. 0 sceIus
    scelus nefandum,
    nefandum.
    incredibile,
    ineredibile, inauditum!
    inaudituml 0 oogitationem quoque eius horribilem
    hoibilem atque
    funestam I Persequeris odio
    funestam!
    Christianos
    Chrstianos;; fidem, religionem, sacra nostra 101
    19
    '" polluis.
    poUuis. De imperatore, regibus,
    regbus, principibus nostris res foedas atque
    obsooenas commemoras. Sacerdotibus,
    Saeerdotibus, religiosis,
    religosis, episcopis, eardinalibus,
    cardinalibus,
    pontficibus
    pontificibus maximis
    rnaximis nefand.um
    nefandum obiicis
    obicis sceIus.
    scelus. Gallorum
    GaUorum gentem turtU1"pissimo crimine,
    crimne, quod maxime exhorret,
    exhoet, notas. Nulli hominum
    homnun: generi

    37'

    N1COLI
    NlCOLAI PEROTTI

    parcis, DlIlIam
    D1I1!am senibus reverentiam. Dnllarn
    n11IIam mulieribus pietatem.
    Dullarn
    uUam pueris miserationem adhibes. omnia labefactas, otnnia
    nnia in
    fids,
    fcis, omnia macuJa.s,
    maculas, omnia eoinqinas.
    conqinas. ornnia profanas. Verum euro
    cU1
    iam detecta
    ia.ro
    deteeta sint scelera et flagitia
    , tua, cum
    cu nulla arnplius
    pl suhesse
    excusatio possit. cwn tuis
    us litteris. twn
    un tuis operibus
    pebus convictus undique 6
    tentaris. Tune venire amplius in hominum conspectum,
    conspectun, tu tcmpla
    ac delubra
    deluba sanctorum intrare.
    trae, tu fanorum sanctjss;mum limen
    timen in81'OOi. tu sacris mysteriis os
    05 illud impudentissimum ostendere amplius
    audebis ?
    ia.
    Va.
    Sed ad te Pontifex Maxime.
    M:xime. ad te Auguste Caesar, ad VO$
    $ christiani
    christian 10
    reges et prindpes
    principes orationem
    oratioJlem meam
    neam cOflverto,
    converto, quos monstrwn
    monstnun hoc nostri
    saeculi turpissimum non
    modo dignitate et fama, sed imperiis. regnis,
    libertate SJXI~
    spo~ et turpissimae barbarorum servituti
    servitut subiicere ausus
    est. Vos etiam Galli. Hispani. Germani,
    German, Itali
    Ita1i et ceterae gentes, quae
    Christi elionem
    ~onem colitis, appello.
    appeUo. quos amnes
    omnes hoc
    hex: scelestissimum
    scelestssimum 16
    caput post tot
    ! convitia, tot
    01 contumelias. tot opprobria foedo atque
    intolerabili
    ntolerabili iugo sceleratissimi tyraum
    tyranni subdere voluit, quorum urbes,
    agros, domos, penates, fortunas, uxores, liberos
    l!:eros depeculatori,
    depecu1atori, praedon.
    praedoni.
    hosti Dostrae
    nostrae religionis tradere cogitavit
    cogitaVt et,
    , quantum in
    n eo fuit,
    , tradidit.
    tadiI.
    Vos, inquam. omnes appello, vos imploro,
    mpIoro, vos
    ; testor. Hancine luem
    Iuern 20
    hancine pestem, hancine tabem,
    tabern, hancine humani generis
    generi.s infamiam
    nfamiam
    sustiIrere
    sustiere amplius poteritis
    poteritis?? Spartiatae opus Archilochi,
    Archlochi , quia parum
    honeste scriptum videbatur,
    Vdebatu.r, legi a civibus
    ciVbus suis vetuerunt. OctaviU$
    OctaVU$
    Augustus Nasonem illustrem ~tam, quia de arte amandi libros
    scripseiat
    scSat , in
    ultimam Scythiam
    Seythiam reIegavit.
    relegavit. PIaio
    Plato ~,
    ~tas. quia de diis25
    dtis25
    parum honesta et
    fingebant
    fngebant et
    loquebantur.
    loquebantr, ex urbe atque republica
    peDendos censuit. Rornani
    Romani veteres, eum
    cum patriti
    patritii quidam male de republica meriti essent, non
    modo
    uodo capite damnandos censuerunt, sed ne
    deinde illorum praenomina alicui patritio indeTentur,
    ind.eentur, legibus prohibuere
    quo nomina quoque eorum pepetuae
    infaniae contumelia notarentur.30
    peJPetuae infamiae
    notarentur. 30
    Vos bominem istum impurum,
    impurn, barban.un,
    barbanun, sordidum, podoren
    proditorem di
    vinae re1igionis.
    reJjgoM, haereticum. Turcum.
    Trcum. immo Turco
    rco turciorem, immo
    Turcorum omnium hucissimum,
    tucissinum, grassari d.iutius cum
    euro suis foedissimis
    foedissims
    scriptis supra terramgloriantem
    teamgloriantem de sce1eribus suis ct
    suo contantinatissicontaminatssimo spiritu omnia
    omna polluentem pa.tiemni
    patiemini??
    3IS
    96.
    Multa
    genuit natura mortalibus horrenda,
    hoenda, apros, leones,
    Ieones, tigros.
    tigros,
    H
    J 19" serpentes et alias
    ala s immanes
    mmanes feras.
    fera..s. Sed haec silvis
    slvis dumtaxat et desertis
    10cis
    locis vagantur. Monstra etiam diversis
    d.iversis temporibus plura fuerunt. Sed
    Caccus in
    n uno Aventino
    Aventmo monte, Scylla et Charybdis in
    freto
    feto Sicillae,
    Cyclopes in monte Aetna, Sphinx apud Thebas,
    Thebas. Cerberus apud inferos, 40
    denique
    denque Hydra, Medusa,
    Medusa. Hupyiae et alia cwuscumque
    cuiuscumque saeculi monstra
    in
    n suo quodque solo
    5010 grassari consueverunt. At
    ! hoc nostri saec::uli monstrum,
    ;trum. omnibus qua.e memoravi
    memoraV turpius,
    tpius, hoc prodigiuu.
    prodigium. boc
    boe portentum.

    REFUTATJO GEORUII 1'RAFEZUNTII.


    l'RAFEZUNTII.

    375

    baec pestis, haec lues,


    Jues, et si
    s quid dici
    dc tetrius potest, omnes popu1os,
    populos,
    omnes ,
    urbes, omnes provincias, omnes nationes invasit,
    as, ))ll,
    pollmt, foedavit,
    toedavit,
    contaDlinavit,
    contaninavit, infecit.
    intecit.
    Facile quidem
    qudem mihi
    mih persuadeo vos
    ! omnes vest.ra
    vestra sponte
    s)X)nte ad oppri- 96.
    .
    5/i mendum tale monstrum iam paratos atque animo erectos esse. Veromtarnen
    tanen fadam,
    far;am, quod optimi imperatores oonsueverunt, et quemadmodum illi, quamvis instructa acie promptissimos ad invadendum hostem
    milites videant, nihilo
    nihlo minus eus
    eos hortantur, sic
    Sc ego vos
    os iam animo
    ardentes et ad trucissimi hostis excidium inflammatos
    inf1ammatos oratione mea
    looohortabor.
    20oohortabor. Exsurgite igitur, exsurgite pontifices, exsurgite Caesares.
    exsurgite
    exsurgte reges et principes, vos
    populi amnes
    omnes et universae nationes
    exsurgite. simul
    sOOul cwn viris mulieres,
    muleres, cum
    curo senibus pueri, cum liberis
    servi,
    servi., cum civibus civitates, exsurgite inquam
    nquam. omnes, et hunc scelerasceler..
    tissimum hominem, hanc truculentissimam
    truculentssimam {eram. hoc immanissimum
    imm.anissmum
    15
    2 monstrum non
    ex urbe abigite. non
    ex ItaJia
    Italia exterminate, non
    ultra
    Sauromatas, ut oEta
    poEta inquit, et glacialem oceanum relega
    relegate,
    te, sed caedendum flagris
    f1agris et usque ad ossa dilaniand
    d.ilaniand um. discerpendurn, dilacerandurn
    tracHte. Post ha.ee
    tradite.
    ha.ec pleno theatro pice, biturnine. suUu.re. fumo, fu1gure,
    fulgure,
    flamma
    flanma exstinguite. et )X)stquam
    postquam contaminatissimum
    contaminatissOOum illum spiritum et
    2Ofoedissimam
    2Ofoedissmam animarn
    animam emiserit, non
    sepelite, DOD
    in
    equuleum insuite.
    non
    devorandum
    devoraium feris
    leris atque volucribus telluri inhumatum relinquite,
    sed in
    1000 edito atque percelebri in
    altissima
    aIt.issma cruce pedibus suspendite,
    ut longissimo ternpore videri ac conspui ab omnibus praetereu Qtibus
    ntibus
    passit
    fusti bus, sordibus, luto
    Into , caeno, s terquilinio foedari.
    possit et lapidibus, fustibus,

    BESSARIONIS CARDINALIS
    APOSTOLICAE SEDIS LEGATI
    LEGAT!
    ORATJONES.
    ORATIONES.
    einge weitere SchriftDie nachfolgenden Reden Bessarions sowie einige
    stcke stammen aus der Zeit
    stiicke
    seiner Legation
    Legaton nach Deutschland im
    Jahre ""1460/1
    1460/ 1 und betreffen sein Werben bei den deutschen Frsten
    Fiirsten fiir
    fr
    die Durchfhrung
    Durchfilrung des auf dem KongreB
    Kongre zu
    Mantua (1459) beschlosbeschIossenen Tiirkenkrieges.
    Tirkenkrieges.
    Das aktenmiiBige
    aktenmige Material zu diesen Vorgngen
    Vorgangen auf den verschiedenen Reichstagen zu Regensburg, Frankfurt, Neustadt und Wien ist
    in der lteren
    alteren Literatur nach und nach zusammengetragen worden.
    50 zu.niichst
    So
    zunchst bei H.
    . Chr. Se ncken berg, Selecta Iuris
    lurs et Historiarum.
    . IV, Francofurti ad Moenum 1738,
    IJ38, .
    p . 326-364. Doch wird hier
    Tom.
    und auch sonst die Tagung
    Tagurg zu
    Nirnberg
    Nrnberg iiberhaupt
    berhaupt nicht erwahnt.
    erwhnt.
    G. G. Ktinig
    Knig von
    Knigsthai
    gstha brachte dann in
    n seiner Nachlese unreichsstdtischer CollegialhandIungen
    Collegialhandlungen unter
    gedruckter Reichstags- und reichsstadtischer
    der RegierungFriedrichs
    Regierung Friedrichs IH.
    . Frankfurt 1759, 171- 168 weitere Stcke,
    Stiicke.
    nennen. Wieder neue
    Erganzungen
    Chmell
    ohne seine Vorlage zu
    Ergnzungen legte Cbmell
    aus dem Cod. Mon.
    . lat. 4016 vor in den Sitzungsbericbten
    Sitzungsberichten der Wiener
    Akademie d. W. phil.-hist. CI. x850,
    850, II
    5.652-656. Vgl. auch unten
    Bessarionis
    Bessarions Epistolae.
    Epstolae.
    1m
    Im Nachfolgenden verffentliche
    verffentliche ich die im Cod. Vat.
    Vat.lat.
    lat. 4037 (guter
    Text) zusarnmengestel1te
    zusammengestellte Sammlung mit Heranziehung des Plut. 54,
    Bibl. Laur. und des Cod. Mon.
    on. lat. 4016 (fehlerhaft).
    Cod. 2 der BibI.
    Erstmals neu
    ist hier
    bier <Ue
    Rede Bessarions zu Nimberg
    Niirnberg (Cum salvator
    noster ...). Die sebr
    sehr fragwiirdige
    fragwrdige TextgestaIt
    Textgestalt der Druckausgaben rechtfertigt neben den neuen handschriftlichen Unterlagen auch die WiederhoIung
    brigen Stcke.
    5tiicke. Die Rede: Multa quidem et antehac ...
    holung der iibrigen
    steht bei Knig
    von
    Knigsthal
    Ktinigstha1 S. 150-168; der Bericht Bessarions:
    Cwn haec itaqu.e publce
    5itzungspublice . . . bei Chmell in den Wiener Sitzungsberichten 1850 Ir
    11 S.652; Bessarions Rede: Vellem, praestantissimi
    praestantissjmi
    bei Senckenberg IV
    35:7-361 und bei Cbmel1
    Cbmell a. a. O.
    . 653,
    oratores, . .. bej
    der die Rede mit dem vorhergehenden Berich~ zusamrnen
    zusammen als
    a1s ein
    Stuck
    ! der Gesandten: Putabamus grata ... bei
    Stck mitteilt; der Brief
    Senckenberg IV
    36r-364. Die Erwiderung Bessarions auf diesen Brief:
    :
    hier neu.
    Neque nobis gratae sunt ... ist mer

    BessarionJs
    BesrionJs

    81'0
    B81"

    Oratlo
    Orato hattlta
    h.1tlta In
    Jn Conventu NurJmbergemf,
    N..rJmbergemf,
    Cam
    Cant lfUe
    UQe Legatus
    Leg_tut tuet
    ee 101l:lto
    soluto Mantuano
    . ... Conventu.
    Cum salvator noster ad cae10s migraturus atque ad patrem, unde L 232
    116 venerat, ex boc mundo rediturus, quamquam eum
    cum eo semper et ubique
    fueTit
    fuerit et sit, -ita enim de caelo descendit, ut non
    discederet a sinu patris
    c:liscipulos, quos elegit quosque in finem usque dilexit, instrueret viven
    dique modum et formam traderet, pacem eis tamquam praecipuum
    testa
    supremumque munus hereditarium tamquam pretiosissimum ex
    10 mento legatum reliquit: .Paeem
    .Pacem relinquo vobis, inquiens,pacem meam do
    rursus:: .Mandatum novum do vobis, ut diligatis invicem; sicut
    vobis,t et rursus
    os diligatis
    dilgatis invicem. In
    1 hoc cognoscent omnes, quod
    dilexi vos, ut et vos
    mei discipuli
    discipu1i esti<;, si dilectionem habueritis invieem,'
    invicem,. et iterum: .Hoc est
    praeceptum meum, ut diligatis invicem, sicut dilexi vos,t
    os, tamquam nll

    15 melius, nil
    iueundius,
    iucundius, nil pretiosius haberet, quod eis relinqueret. Siquidem
    5iquidem
    hanc
    hanc omnis concomitetur prosperitas,
    bane cetera bona consequantur, hane
    veTO ea vita humana consistere non
    omnis adversitas fugiat, absque vero
    possit, labatur et ruat. Cuius tanta vis est, ut non
    modo provincias
    passit,
    ampliet, urbes magnificet, domos vigeat,
    vgeat, quemcumque
    quemeumque privatum con
    20 tineat, illaesum conservet, ab omni
    mn defendat iniuria, sed. quod maius
    cuique prosit, sanitatem efficiat, hiIari
    est, etiam quo ad interiora euique
    tatem generet, laetitiam
    laet tiam causet. Haec sacratissima
    sacratssima pax trifariam dividi
    tur. Primo namque eum
    cum Deo ereatore
    creatore nostro pax habenda est, deinde
    cum proximo. Tanta tamen
    tarnen harurn invicem
    unicuique secum, postremo eum
    26
    211 partiwn connexio atque conglutinatio est, ut nulla seorsum eatenus
    ab aliis consistere possit. Qui namque diligit Deum pacemque habet
    eum
    cum eo, !
    ut se proxmumque
    proximumque suum diligat, necesse est
    est.. Quippe qui diligit
    Deum, mandata
    rnandata eius servat .Si enim diligitis me, inquit, mandata mea
    vitam aetemam ob-01>servate.t Mandatorum enim divinorum observatio vitarn
    30 servanti praebet. euro
    Cum vero se ipsum
    ipsurn diligere nihil aliud sit nisi bona
    sibi velle, idem esse probatur divinis mandatis obtemperare, quod se
    ipsum amare, idemque Deum et se ipsum diligere. Atque nemo potest
    Dewn diligere, nisi proximum diligat.
    Si quis enim dixerit, inquit
    diligat . .5
    loannes
    d1igo Deum,
    Deurn, et fratrem
    tratrern suum
    suurn oderit, mendax est.
    Ioannes apostolus, dHigo
    B
    _ Cod. Vat. Illt.
    I. 4037. P.
    . I.
    . J L _ BibL Laur. Plut. $4,
    H , Cod. : .
    4, salvator L _ t o r B

    10 JJob.
    oh. J", 27.1
    27. 111
    11 JJob.
    ob. 13, 34
    30f "'1113 J ob.
    oh. 1$, 12. 128 J Oh.I",
    01.1 .., 1,.133
    1,.1331 J
    Job.
    ob.

    J'"

    4, 20.

    378

    BESSARIONts
    BESSARIONIS

    Qui enim non


    di1igit fratrem
    fratrern suum, quern
    quem videt,
    Vdet, Deum, quem
    quern non
    videt.
    idet.
    quomodo potest
    pltest diligere?f
    djljgere ?f Necesse est,
    ut qu;
    < diligit Deum. di1igat
    diligat
    proximum, i.nuno
    inuno vero
    velO non
    possit
    plssit diligere Deum, nisi caritate proxinum
    proximum
    amplectatur. Deum velO
    ro et proximum diligens
    dilgens se quoque ama.re 000oonvincitur.
    incitur. Ita hie
    hc unus idemque fortissimus tripa.rtitus
    tripartitus efficitur funis. i
    82quo tamquam
    asenditur, gratiaque Dei descenB
    tarnquam scalaquadam adcaelos
    adeaelos ascenditur,
    dit ad DOS.
    OS. Unde psa1mista. interiorem quidem et.
    e ad se ipsum pacem
    et eius fructum considerans: tCustodi,
    Custodi, inquit. innocentiam
    innocentam et vide aequitatem,
    Exteori autem
    tatern, quoniam sunt reliquiae homini pacifico etc
    ete. Exteriori
    autern et
    ad proximos: tCum his, inquit, qui
    qu; oderant pacem, eram pacificus; cum10
    cn10
    10quebar
    loquebar illis,
    llis, impugnabant me gratis.t
    gratis.. Iacobus autem
    autern apostolu.s
    apostolus de'
    supe et eum
    cum ipso Deo pace loquens : .Quae
    tQuae desursum est SlLpientia,
    s..pientia,
    superlori
    dicit. primo quidem pudica est, demum pacifica.t Haec hereditas Rostra,
    nostra,
    hoc donum
    dORum Sancti
    Sanct Spiritus
    Stus et quidem eeteris
    ceteris excellen6us.
    excellentius. .Manent
    enim, inquit, tria
    ta baec lides,
    fdes, spes, caritas;
    catas; maius autem his caritas
    catas est.ciIi
    est . lli
    Quis ergo eam
    earn non
    colat ~ Quis
    Qu15 non
    amplectatur eam?
    earn? Quis non
    fugiat
    fugat
    tot15 Viribus odium inimicitias
    totis
    inicitias etdiscordias?
    etdscordias? Siquidemiisdem rationibus,
    qui proJcimum odent,
    odet, et Deum profecto et se ipsum odio prosequitur
    proseqmtur
    maximo.
    Huius sacratissimae
    sacratissinae pacis
    pac15 heres, deien.sor
    defensor et conservator Pi
    u S,
    s, 20
    scjlicet
    maxmus, pater pissimus,
    vcaus, qui
    scilicet pontifex maximus,
    piissimus, tamquam illius
    UHus vicarius,
    princeps pacis apud lsajam
    lsaiam appellatur, mead vos misit, pnciesillustres,
    principesillustres,
    eam vobi.s
    vobis deferentem,modo velitis,
    velitS, modo
    od ad earn
    ean suscipiendam
    suscipendam. ro
    prompti
    paatque
    paratique sitis. Esse vero debetis, eum
    cum p.Jt
    palt obsit
    obs;t nemini, prosit
    pros;t autem
    omnibus, eum
    cum parvae quidem res pace crescant, discordia vero etiam 26
    2
    rnaximae
    :naxmae dilabantur. Et
    quemadmodum dominus lesus
    Iesus discipulis,
    dscipulis, eum
    cum
    ad praedicandum evangelium mitteret eo.s, ita mihi eius vica.rius
    vca.rus imperavit.
    v.
    ut in quamcumque
    quarncumque domum introiero, vobisque
    vobsque omnibus p.Jt
    palt huic
    huie
    domm dicam. p.Jt
    domui
    palt omnibus habitantibus in ea, pacem vobis
    vobS afferam,
    conservem, quoad posse n!Stituarn.
    restituan. Suscipite igitur
    igitnr montes pacem 30
    populo,
    popu10,
    ut eum
    cum propbeta
    propheta David vos admoneam; montes inquam vos
    os
    pncipes,
    prineipes, vos popu1orum
    populorum rectores vel qui eeteris
    ceteris praeestis. Vos enim
    enim. tam
    tarn
    ecchsiasticos
    ecclsastcos quam saeculares
    saecu1ares cpes
    prineipes alloquor, qui vel pec
    per vos ipsos
    vel
    veJ pec
    per legatos adestis,
    adestS, quorumque interest pro se proque populs
    populis sibi
    arnplecti. Per montes namque sa.epissime apud sa.ncsanc- 86
    8
    conuniss15 pacem amplecti.
    conunissis
    tarn scripturam
    tam
    scturam principes
    prineipes appe1lantut. Quemadmodum illud exod.i
    exodi est:
    .Bestia,
    tBestia, quae tetigent
    tetiget montem, lapidabitur ,. et apud psabnistam: .Fundamenta eius in
    montibus sanctis
    sanetis. Suscipite igitur pacem vobis,
    vobS, suscipite
    eam
    vestro. eum
    cum et vos et pops
    populus ea pater
    panter egeatis
    egeatS oec
    nec posstis
    possitis
    earn populo vestro,
    absque ea bene beateque vivere. Repetatis
    RepetatS memoria,
    memoa, quot excidia, quot fO

    ~9.
    9.

    8 Pt.
    . 36.
    )6. 37 I 10 PI.
    . 119,7.
    119.7. 112 Ja
    Jac.
    c.).
    3. '7. I 14 I Cor
    Cor.I)3,13.
    ). J :t1 ct.
    cf. E:o:od.
    X:o:od,
    U.
    . I 37 P
    . 86.
    86, 1.
    .

    ORATlONES.
    ORTlONES.

    "9

    la mitates belJa
    ca1amitates
    bella inferant.
    duleis
    aerumnas, quot ca
    nferant. Quam suavis, quam dulcis
    paeis fmctus sit,
    &t, oonsiden.te, cuius
    , ipsum etiam
    eta.m nomen amabile est.
    pacis

    Non lateat
    Iateat vos bella quidem ac inimicitias hostis nostri
    nost callid;ssimi,
    callidjssm,
    human
    bumani generis inimici, opus
    et inventionem
    inventonem esse.
    esse, qui mox,
    ut humanum
    bumanum
    'genus oonditum
    oondtum fuit, inter
    nter creatorem et pnos
    primos homines, inter
    nter pno
    primas
    fratres inoboedientiam
    inoboedentiam et inimicitias
    nmict.as seminavit, pacem vero, benivolenta.m et diJectionem
    creatos salvatorisque
    salvatosque Dostri
    nost donum atque munus
    muns B
    82
    8299
    tiam
    dilectionem creatoris
    paecipuum
    pl"aecipuum esse,
    esse. qui mox atque natus
    nats est, pacem in
    n tenis per angelos
    nuntiavit.
    nuntavit. Discipulas
    l ad praedcandum
    praedicandum evangelium mittens pacem imlOprimis,
    oprinis, quocumque innuissent,
    nUuissent, annuntiare iussit; moriturus
    mturus atque ad
    patrem red.iturus pacem nobis testamento quasi filiis
    lili;s hereditatis
    hereditats reliquit;
    post gloriosam
    gloosam resurrectionem
    resuectonem apparens discipulis
    dscipulis pacem eis
    cis obtulit.
    Suscipte igitur eam montes populo, fugite bellum, abilcite
    abcite anna,
    ana,
    Suscipite
    accedite ad salvatorem, ab hoste discedite. Si vobis cara
    sit sa1us,
    salus, si
    Ui filii Dei esse atque vocari
    voca partemque cum eo habere cupiatis,
    cupatis, hered.ibered.itatern vobis relictam
    tatem
    reJictam quaerite,
    quaete, prosequamini, amplectamini. Si discordias, si inimicitias colitis,
    coltis, ego quidem abstinebo a dicendo.
    dcendo. Vos
    VOS vero
    on fugiet sententia salvatoris.
    salvatoris, qua Iudaeos, qui se Abraham in
    n patrem
    non
    babere gloriabantur,
    gloabantur, ferit,
    fet, illum eos habere patrem
    pa.trem asserens illiusque
    20 filios
    filos esse, cuius opera facerent. Attendite.
    Attendite, quaeso,
    qua.eso, quam iniquum
    niquum sit
    St
    cum quocumque Christiano
    Christano etiam
    etam ignoto
    gnoto manus
    m:., hostiles inserere, quam
    quarn
    vero impium sit,
    S, contra fratres, consanguineos.
    consanguineos, propinquos et affines,
    quales vos
    os invicem estis, bella gerere. Cogitate,
    Cogitate. proh
    prob dolor: quos natura
    coniunxit, eupiditas
    cupiditas dividit,
    V, quosiidemgenuere parentes, alienos avaritia
    avata
    2&
    2 facit, et ita alienos.
    alienos, ut sanguinem
    sangunem suum sitiant
    stiant et ad eum effundendum
    efhndendum
    audacissima manu ensem evaginent.
    evagnent. Ac Abrabam.
    Abraham. eum
    cum natura.
    natura et sua
    audaeissima
    et Loth
    Latb fratmel.is
    fratmelis armenta
    anenta crevi5~mt,
    crevis~ent,
    ut non
    posset eos terra capere.
    ut habta.rent
    babitarent simul, non ad arma,
    a.na, non
    ad bella prorupit,
    prompit, sed, ut ne minim
    mum quidemiurgium interveniret, proVdt.
    providit . tNe,
    Ne, quaeso.
    quaeso, sit iurgium.
    iurgium, inn3D quit.
    quit, inter
    nter me et te.
    te, et inter pastores meos et pastores tuos;
    tu05; hatres
    Iatres enim
    enn
    sumus. Ecce un.iversa terra coram te est; recede a me, obsecro; si ad
    sinistram
    snjstram ieris, ego dexteraID
    dexteram tenebo ; ~
    ~i dexteram elegeris,
    eleges. ego ad sinistram
    pergam. Quodque maius
    mais est.
    est, non
    sibi
    Sbi tamquarn
    tamquam seniori
    sem et tet
    potentiori
    electionem
    electonem arripuit,
    arpuit. sed Loth optionem
    optonem concessit. Fratres enim sumus,
    sums.
    36 inquit,
    nq, ac si
    s diceret fratribus
    fratbus non.
    . licere

    lieere pro quavis re diSS.lttire,


    diss.lltire, Don
    iniuriam inferre,
    Iee. non
    denique plw;
    plus sibi
    sib quam fratri
    frat arrogare
    aogare debere.
    TaIis
    Talis etiam Aemilius
    Aemilis Paulus.
    Paulus, taUs
    tals tota Aemilia familia fuit, qui eum
    cum
    XVI e!SFllt,
    e!st. et omnes eum
    cum uxbus
    uxoribus atque liberis unam tamen omnes
    domum.
    ean quidem angustam vel, ut Valerius
    Valeus Maximus ait, domundomum, et eam
    .oculam summa cum pace
    paee atque benivolentia, quamdiu vixerunt,
    VXerunt, teste
    Plutarcho in
    n eillsdem Pauli vita babitanmt. Nunc
    Nune vero. heu
    beu miseria.m
    miseriam
    1 ....
    ..tor.q"e
    ~torW:!."e L _tosque
    _torisque B
    I 1(
    . _tonolD
    _tonom B
    I 18 servatorb
    _om B

    28 GeD. ,. 8 "1.. I 38 Va\.


    Val. Max.
    1I:ax. 4, 4, 8.

    ae

    :aESSARI0Nts
    BESSARIONts

    B
    83 nostram, nisi um.inum
    flum.inun magnitudo, nisi montium
    nontium asperitas tamquam
    gentium et
    prov:nciarun
    provinciarum tennini
    tenini agros possessionesque tTatrum
    fatrum divid
    dant, quiescere non
    possunt.
    n parvi pusillique animi
    anini
    passunt. Quod tamen, eum
    sit, generositatem
    generositaten excellentiamque vestram non
    decet, principes illustres,
    quippe qui pacs
    pacis iustitiaeque
    iustitaeque auctores ceteris
    ceteS esse debetis.
    5
    ,Suscipite
    tSuscipite igitur montes
    nontes pacem popul0,
    populo, et colles iustitiam . Si
    51 quid enim
    sit, quod paciobest, quod eam impediat,
    impedat, ecce Spiritus Sanctus pereundem
    prophetam eodem in loco
    loeo praebet remedium, t$uscipite
    suscipite colles iustitiam.
    addens. Hoc enim medium, haec via pacis est, cum iustitia regu1a sit,
    per quam omnis dissensio atque discordia
    dscordia ad aequalitatem,
    aequalitatern, pacem atque 10
    concordiam reducatur teste lsaia dicente: tOpus iustitiae pax. Et Iacobus
    in epistola;
    epstoIa; .Fructus
    tFructus iustitiae in
    n pace seminatun
    seminatur,,q
    q uam quifugit,
    qufugt , qui aspernatur, qui armis potius quam iustitia
    iustita dirimere cupit, si quas cum proximo
    differentias habeat,
    haheat, proculdubio per invia
    nvia pergt,
    pergit, iniusti belli auctor est,
    Omne namque helium
    bellum motum, priusquam causa eius movendi per15
    iudicem atque superiorem,
    superiorern, iustane an iniusta
    iruusta sit , cognoscatur, cumque
    iusta reperta fuerit,
    tuerit, antequam
    antequan videretur, utrum sit alia
    aHa via iuris
    ! consequendi melior et facilior,
    faclior, et cum visum fuerit omruno
    omnno bellum esse
    movendum, rusi
    nsi auctoritate superioris eoncedatur,
    concedatur, iniustum
    niustum est, quique
    illud gerunt,
    geront, illis subiacent poenis, quae contn.
    contra intusti
    niusti belli motores pro- 20
    mulgatae sunt, quae multae gravesque sunt, ut vos omnes scitis.
    . Ecce
    sedes apostolica, quique in
    n ea digrussime
    dignissime sedet, qui supremum in
    n terris
    tribunal tenet, cui
    omnes colla subiicere iure tenemur, cuius sententiae
    sententae
    refragari
    refraga nefasest, siquidem eum
    cum communis omnium sit pater et pnceps,
    princeps,
    nisi aequa lance filiorum dissensiones audit, examinat
    examnat et diiudicat,2Ii
    non
    me quamvis indignum
    ndignum ad vos misit, hunc
    hune conventum ad tollendum
    differentias
    differentas vestras, ad pacem firmandam, ad sedandos animos indixit.
    Vos vero, ubi et occultum animoantequam reconditum odium exstinguere
    exstnguere
    delereque debueratis,
    debuerats, iam
    am illud in
    lucem tulistis
    tulists et non
    exspectato termno praestituto, non
    legato pot
    maxmi ad arma prorupsts,
    mino
    pontificis maximi
    prorupistis, quasi 30
    meliora
    melora remedia respuentes, quasi iussa patS
    patris animaromque
    animarurnque vestrarum
    pastoS
    pastoris contemnentes, quasi non essent iura, non
    leges, non
    qui his
    bis
    regulis discernere possent inter dissidentes, qui unCuique,
    unicuique, quod suum
    est, reddant.
    os? in
    hoc non
    laudo.. Quod enim
    nm
    reddant .tQuid
    Quid dicam? Laudo vos?
    ad iudicem
    .:em pmo
    primo confugiendum sit, principes illustres, non
    solum 3Ii
    3
    christiana
    chStana religio
    relgio iubet, verum etiam exteri phlosophi
    philosopbi docent. Audite
    Aristotelem
    Astotelem in
    n quinto ethicorum dicentem: Cum homines inter
    nter se de
    quoquam dissentiunt, ad iudicem conIugiunt.
    conIugunt. Ad eum enim
    enirn accedere,
    aecedere,
    ad ius accedere est, siquidem iudex ius
    5 sit animatum.
    animaturn. ldeo
    Ideo ad eum
    eurn
    B
    83 tamquam ad medium
    medum eundum est. Secus velO
    vero facere arrogantiae,
    aogantae, inoboe- j()
    dientiae
    dientae inordinatique regiminisest,quo fit,
    ut multae
    rnultae rapinae,latrocinia,
    rapnae,latrocinia,
    6Pa1l.l.llljc
    l2, '7 '1
    .1 21'
    121& ''.3,
    e.l, ~81 34 ICor.JI,U.
    cf. Arilt.
    6Pa1:!.3.1 11 10 . 32,
    ICor.J~,22. I 37 cf.Ari.t.
    Etb. e7
    e1 . 11]2&,
    1132&, 22.sqq.
    22 q.

    ORATIONES.
    ORTIQNES.

    381

    dejX>pulationes,strages, devasta tiones tam


    depopulationes,strages,
    tarn publcae
    publieae quam privatae contra
    populum innocentem accidant. Inservitur militibus, stipendium
    popuIum
    stipendariis obtemperatur, modo arbitrioque eorum cuncta
    cuneta feruntur agunturque,
    aguntUl"que,
    eorum cupiditati omnia subiiciuntur. Et vos aequo animo fertis, quae
    50mni
    50m conatu totisque viribus
    virbus inhiberetis, si divinum iudicium, si iram
    ram
    eins,
    , si officium vestrum
    vestru.m et, eur
    cur vos populis praefecerit Deus, con,consideraretis.
    Sed eia suscipite pacem,
    pacern, suscipite iustitiam, eum
    cum praeter haec
    haee omnia
    eventus belli mcertus
    ncertus sit, im.mo
    immo vel'O
    eum
    cum certissimum sit bella iniust.a
    iniusta
    10 contra fidel.es
    fideles et
    illos
    llos quid.em popinquos
    propinquos mota numquam bonum finern,
    nem,
    numquam victoriam
    vietoriam habitura, ubi idem est vincere, quod vinci,
    inci, idemque
    profligare, quod
    bella feUciter
    feIciter
    quod. profligari. Constat divino imprimis auxilio hella
    confici. Divinum vero numen
    m a taJibus bellis abhorrere manifestum
    est omnibus. Ad haec, si bellum feliciter
    feHciter gerendum multitudinem militum,
    militum.
    15 magna.m
    magnam pecuniae molem,
    malern, sociororn
    sociorum virtutem,
    vrtutem, ducis strenuitatem, locorum
    oportunitatem desideret, quis quaeso se his omnibus referturn
    refertum putat?
    Quis in
    n omnibus Ws
    his adversario praeva1eret
    praevaleret ae,
    ac, si praevaleat,
    praevalea.t, cur tot res
    absumere velit
    velt ? Qua de re et suas et alionun
    aliou vires conterere, praesertim
    absurnere
    cum adversarii propinqui sint, bonaque illorum
    lloru.m propinqua sint?
    eum
    Non
    20 est censenda victoria, quae
    qua.e maius
    malus damnum quam utlitatem
    utilitatem sit allatura.
    Refert Aristoteles in
    secundo
    seeundo poJiticoromAutofradatem,
    politicorumAutofradatem, regis
    Persarum
    ducem potentissimum, urbem Artanea obsidentem hac
    hae ratione potissi.
    murn Eubuli obsidionem solvisse. Si enim, inquit, Eubulus sumptus
    mum
    ad expugnationem usque oppidi
    faciendos
    faclendos computaveris, malles p~
    25 fecto,
    feeto, si tua urbs esset, pro minori pretio cedere allis. Vos vero pro tam
    paris
    parvis rebus, pro minimis
    minirnis differentiis anna contrapropinquos movetis,
    iura naturae confunditis, vires vestras frustra
    frostra eonteritis
    cntetis multo plura
    profecto consumpturi quam
    quan acquisituri. At honoris, inquies, non
    1ucri
    lucri
    causa certatur. Ego vel'O
    vero honorem quidem eeteris
    ceteris anteponendum
    anteponendurn censeo.
    30 IlIum vero honorem et appello et puto, qui honis
    bonis operibus, qui iustis
    actibus, qui prudentia,
    prodentia, temperantia,
    temperantia. fortitudine ceterisque virtutibus
    gignitur. Si nullum eorum, qui principibus subsunt, nisi qui principi
    suo gratus sit, honore dignum putamus, quanto magis principis creatorisque nostri gratiam omni
    m conatu debemus acquirere, si honotern
    honorem cupimus.
    cupn.us.
    3!i At Deo gratus honoreque dignus nemo esse potest, nisi qui obsequitur
    ei,
    ei. qui DQn
    non refragatur eius sententiis nec eiusmandatis resistit.
    resistit._DeusB
    DeusB 84
    enim superbis resistit, humilibus
    humilibns autem,
    autern, ut ait
    alt Salomon, dat gratiam. c
    Hic verus est honor, hunc
    hune omnibus anteponendum, principes illustres,
    concedo.
    concedo.
    40
    .
    Praeponenda est igitu"{ aequitas,
    aequitas. iustitia,
    justitia, patientia, pax divitiis,
    gloriae, potentatui et bellis. Si illud est appetendum, quod durabilius
    21 cI.
    cl. Ari a t . Po1it.
    Polit.

    7. 1266&.
    1266&. 1
    J 36 I Petr.
    P~tr. J , J.

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSRIONI$

    382

    atque certius est, pax est illa profecto. non


    no bellum.
    belJum. Siquidem per se
    bonum bornque
    boruque causa est, eligibilius est. Pax eligenda est, Don
    bellum.
    Hic
    c verus honor, baec vera laus est in
    electione non
    aberrare,
    aberare, Media
    meWa
    inveniu,
    invenit-e, quibus homo utramque {elicitatem
    felicitatem attingat.
    I'ttinga.t.
    Non mim
    enin: sam
    ad bene vivendum. in septimo
    septmo polticonm
    politicorum Aristoteles
    Aristoteies ait. ut rectus
    reetus sit Ii
    finis et intentio bona, cum hoc omnis appetat natura, n.isi
    nisi etj.m media
    .
    inveniamus atque actiones,
    actones, quae ad illum
    illUI rectum finem
    fnem 80s
    DOS dUC1Dt.
    dUClDt. quae
    DOS
    nos felicitatis
    felcitatis compotes faciant. Haec hominis prudents,
    prudentis, baec
    baee virtutibus
    praediti proprium et nimirum
    ninirum. omni
    on honore digni sunt.
    Non c.oocipitis
    coocipitis
    anjmo, non
    no cogi.tatis,
    cogitatS, principes illustres. quam
    quarn nocivae. quam graves
    graes 10
    damnosa.eque
    dannosa.eque reipublicae
    reipubIicae christianae
    chstianae fuerint et sint christianorum priDcipum simultates
    smultates atque dissensiooes?
    dissensiones ? Quid aliud
    allud maximam ChristjaDorum
    ChristiaDorum
    potentiam minuit,
    potentIam
    mnuit, Turcorum vero magnam ex minima eIfecit, et ita
    magnam, ut iam
    ian tota Asia, tnagna Europae parte occupata Pannonia
    Pannona
    prematur. de Germania atque Italia, quae Pannonibus conterminae sunt,16
    maxime timeatur ? Ampliarem hanc
    hane reIn
    ren et eam dep!on"rem,
    deplora.rem. ut decet,
    nisi et ro
    Disi
    pro magnitudine
    magntudine sua vobis notissima esset, et mihi
    mhi ad praesens
    pax vestra imprimis
    inprims nationisque huius quies et sa1us
    salus esset proposita, a
    qua primo
    anteqllam adTurcosdeveniatur. Sine
    sne pa.ce
    prima incipiendum est, anteq"am
    pace
    enim absque unione vestra quicquam contra inimicos
    ininucos crucis moliri 20
    frusua
    frustra laborare esset. Unitls
    Unitis Damque
    namque a.nimis vestris atque viribus eos
    insta.ndum est.
    aggrediendum est. Quare hic laborandum, hic instandum
    Ecce igitur
    gitur verum
    venun honorem,
    banorem, ecce gloriam sempitemam,1audem
    sempitemam,1auclem im~
    mortalem, famam
    mort.a1em,
    lamam perpetuam, divitias,
    divitas, principatus, potentatus offero
    ollero
    vobS. Haec omnibus ams
    i! anteponenda sunt,haec amplectenda, omittenda
    omttenda 26
    vobis.
    beUa
    bella intestina, quae contranos ipsos
    ipsoset
    et sanguinem
    sangunem proprium, contraeiusoontraeiusdem fidei homines geruntur. Contra infideles anna sumantur. Contra
    Contn inimj~
    iDimi~
    cos crucishO$tesque
    crucishostesque fidei nostrae et
    ct nostros
    nostfOS iustum, immo
    Unmo vero
    ro necessarium
    moveamus bellum. Siquidem, si DOS
    nos non
    no movemus eis,
    cis, illi nobis movebunt.
    Non qlliescunt, 0011
    nOll contentantur. Serpunt, progreduntut,
    progrediuntut, fidem
    fideu 30
    B
    84. Christi
    Christ conantur
    oonantur delere. Si non
    nos ad eos. illi
    ill ad nos
    nO$ accedent. Si non
    aggredia.mur eos illis in locis, quos nobis
    aggrediamur
    nobS arripuerunt, cogent nos nostris
    in laribusnos ipsos tum.
    tuen. Fuerunt inter Pannones. qui. si
    s quiseis ante vicevce
    lIinum annum ta!ja
    dxisset , contemptui
    contemptU ea hab1lissent,
    potnjssent
    lIimum
    hlja dixisset,
    halmissent, non
    potnisseot
    a cachinno
    cacbnno abstinere. At
    ! oune
    un:: sentiunt, qua extrema necessitate, quibus 36
    periculis subiacent. A
    Dohis
    nobs hoc
    boc Deus avertat.
    aertat. Si pacatis inter vos
    os rebus
    istis priatis
    privatis contra infideles procedatur, prout
    pront rei magnitudoexpostulat,
    magntudoexpostulat,
    osque ipsi
    ps iam tertio,
    Ciitate,
    vosque
    tertin, primo Francofordiae. deinde in Noa
    Nova Civitate.
    denum Mantuae Deo summoque potfC
    obis
    demum
    pontifici polliciti estis, Deus vobis
    assistet,felicitatem,
    aSSstet,felicitatem, prosperitatem et victoriam
    ictoriam vobis
    obs praestabit,conteret 40
    et confliget inUnioos
    iInco! vestros,
    estros, magnam vobis utroque in
    saeculo gloriam
    gJoa.m
    CODcedet.
    coocedet.
    6 cf. Arl.t.
    .. Pol.
    1. ,13.
    '13, 132.sb.

    ORATIONES.
    ORTIONES.

    Etenim inimici
    mc nostd
    nostri non
    multitudine,
    mu1ttudine, non fortitudine, nulla
    denique virtute DOS
    nos vincunt,
    ncunt, sed unitate dumtaxat, concordia r-t
    tot vigivigi.lanta sua. Nostra vero divisione, desidia,
    deSdia, bellis
    beJJis 111teJ;tinis
    lantia
    iutestinis iuvantur.
    Quae
    Qta.e si deponetis- deponetis autem, si volueritis-et
    !uetis-et contra illos
    1los viribus
    ibus
    6 vestris
    Ve!;tS uta:nini,
    utamini, ta.mquam
    tarnquam pis
    pulvis a facie terrae proiicientur
    procientur tamquam cera
    liques :ent.
    lique5
    :et. Si
    S1 M.
    . Aemilius Lepidus, bis consul,
    CO, diutinas
    dutinas ac veheme.ntes
    vehementes
    cum Fulvio
    Fu1vio Fla.cco, eiusdem amplitudinis viro,
    vro, inimicitias
    nimicitias gesta.s,
    gestas, cum
    CU1U
    simul
    simu1 censores creati fuissent, in campo deposuit, si Sextus Livius
    Salinator iusto Neronis odio
    odo ardens, cum in
    n CODSUlatu coIlega
    collega ei datus
    10 f.. isset, mentem
    meutern ad tranqui1liorem
    tranquilliorem habitum
    habitm inclinavit.
    inc1jnait. si
    idem Africanus
    Afrieanus
    superior
    super et Titus
    TUus Gracchus, idem Themistocles
    ThemStocles et Aristides fecerunt
    existimantes non
    oportere eos privatis
    pdvatis inimicitsdesidere,
    itIimicitiisdeSdere, qui
    reipublicae
    reipublieae
    amplandae atque conservandae ceperint
    cepent curam et potestatem, quanto
    ampliandae
    magis
    mags vos, chrlstianissimi
    christanssiti pncipes,
    principes, non
    ro
    pro republica caduca et tempopro fide orthodoxa.
    orthodoxa, ro
    pro fide catholica
    catbolica defendenda idem
    16 ranea, sed ro
    facere debetis? Quod si pIUS
    pluris - quod absit - odia
    oda vata
    privata facientes
    intestina prosequemini bella, et haec looge
    longe !ateque
    lateque diffusa gennanica
    genurica
    natio deficiet a promissS
    promissis nec aliquid contra conununes hostes, quod
    dignum sit,
    St, molietur, et ceterae omnes huius
    bUlus exemplo tamquam
    tarnquam pnciprinci20 palioS
    palioris tamquam
    tarnquam maioris,
    maioS, et in qua est maior
    maor spes colIocata.
    collocata. pigrescent
    ipsae quoque et negligent, proque sua defeosione
    defensione vestro utenture;ll:emplo,
    utenture:::emJ,
    ita !
    ut quicquid inde maJi,
    mali, quicquid calamitatis et aerumnae Christianis
    Christanis
    accidet, vobis principes illustres vestraeque natiOT!i
    nationi ascribetur et illi
    lli
    praesertim ex vobis, qui potssita
    potissima belIorum
    bellorum causa iudicabitur. Quod B
    85
    5
    2Ii quanti oneris, quanti peCul,
    periculi, quantaeque infamiae cum apud homines
    tum apud Deum erit,
    et, vos ipsi considerate.
    consderate. Hoc ego afJ:mare
    afinare possUDI.
    possum
    neminem esse debere compotem mentis.
    menUs. honoris salutisque
    sa)utsque suae veJ
    minimam rationem
    mioimam
    ratonem habentem,
    habeJtem, qui non mortem, non omnia tonnenta

    pro bac infamia evitanda commutaret. Ut igitur


    g:itur bouoc,
    bonOTent, quem cupitis
    3Ove1 cupere debetis, et gloriam
    gIoan veram assequaroini,
    dei
    assequamini, bella contra fidei
    bostes
    amp1ectamni. PacemdjJjgite,principes
    bastes geratis. Inter vos pacem amplectamini.
    Pacemdiligite,principes
    excellentes. Ad qIIam
    quam vobis acquirend.arn
    acquirendarn atque restituendam omnem
    onuem
    Iaborem, omnem diJigentiaro,
    diligentiaro, omnem denique curam me
    rne bono animo,
    uloac fideserviturum
    fideseriturum poIliceor,cum
    polliceor,cum ut iussa pontficis
    pontificis maximi exsequar,
    36 tum ut rem gratam Deo, vobis utilem christianaeque reipublicae necessariam
    am efficiam, illius
    llius adiutorio fretus, qui omnium
    omnum bonorum operum
    auctor
    aucto est, cuiusque gratia cooperante finis optatus in unaquaque re
    attingitur.

    BESSARIONIS

    Beuarlonls
    Bearlonl

    B85
    85

    Repllcatlo a4 Responslonem
    Reponslonem Legatorum
    Legatorm Germanlae.
    GermanIae.
    M
    ! 58

    Multa
    Mu1ta quidem et antehac
    antehae a vobis magnifice
    magifice dicta
    dieta sunt et nuper etiam
    , principum popu~
    copiosissime in scriptis recitata, praestantissimi viri,
    lorumque
    Iorurnque Germaniae oratores, quae et dorninorum
    dominOfUl vestrorum
    vestrorurn et vestnnn 5
    adres,dequibus agitur, summum studium et singularem ardorempraese
    ardorernpraese
    ferunt. Ea et nos
    os eommendavimus
    commendavimus saepe pro tempor~ et certe commencomme
    datione dignissima existimavimus,
    existirnavimus, dummodo
    dumrnodo facta vcrbis
    verbis aliquando
    respondeant et promissorum
    prornissorurn magnificentiam optatus exitus sequatur.
    Satis superque usque in hunc
    hune diem a nobis habi.tum est verborwn.l0
    Satis suum quisque
    qusque ad sa1utem
    wutem ehristianae
    christanae reipublicae
    reipubIcae ferventissimum
    desiderium praedicavit. Iam tempus est ,
    ut omissis verbis ad rem
    rern ven.a~
    ven.ia~
    mus. Armis,armis.
    Ams,armis. inquam. opusest, viri praestantes, non verbis;
    verbis ; exercitu
    instrueto, non
    compta et perpolita oratione;
    oratone; robore militum,
    m1itum, non

    bene instructo,
    verborum magnificentia. Multa
    MuJta profecto
    profeeto a vobis prudentissme
    prudentissime recitata 15
    sunt, quae bello
    belle huicgerendonecessaria videntur. Sed vehementer cavendum est, ne ob nimiam
    nimam prudentiam in
    alterum extremorum incidamus.
    incidarnus.
    Oportet huiusmodi rebus agendis et in consilio
    consilia bonum et
    ct in
    n bello
    strenuunI
    ut Sallustius inquit, ex providentia
    strenuuDl esse, tquorum alterum.
    timorem, alterum ex audacia temeritatemt parit. Medium
    Med.m itaque amam~ 20
    2Q
    plecti
    pleeti decet. Nec timidum nimis esse nec nimis audendum.
    Non negamus pleraque ex his,
    hS, quae a vobis commemorata sunt,
    sUt, gerendo bello
    urnquam existimanecessaria esse, sine quibus fieri posse ne nos quidem umquam
    vimus. Et tamen
    tarnen multa in medium adducta
    addueta arbitramur,
    arbitramu, quae ve1 omnino
    B
    85" supervacua
    supevacua sunt vel non
    ita necessaria,
    ut nos
    ! quovi.s
    quovis modo
    od ab incepto25
    retrahere aut retardare debeant, de quibus quaeso suo ordine videamus.
    Imprimis esse opusdici tis ita hanc
    hane rem aggredi in primordiS.
    primordiis.
    ut omnes
    luee darius
    clarius conspicentur omni studio et toto mentis ardore
    inte1ligant et luce
    ad eam
    earn intendi,
    ntendi, nec
    ncc dubitandum esse, si ita Hat,
    fat, quin ceteri quoque
    Christianorum
    Christanorum reges et principes et respublicae
    respubcae ad id sponte faciendum
    faeiendum 30
    excitentur. In
    hoc
    boc certe vobiscum convenimus, praec1ari
    praecJari oratores. Hoc
    oc
    est, quod de vobis semper
    sernper expetivimus, hoc optavimus, hoc precati
    sumus, hoc
    boc idem
    idern in praesentia repetimus, ut, quandoquidem
    quandoquidern eadem est
    utriusque sententia,
    sententa, ita hoc
    boc sanctissimum
    sanetissimum opus incho!mus,
    ncho!mus, ut omnibus
    onnibus
    58"palam
    58"pa1am sit DOS
    nos serio agere, et omnis subterfug,omnisignaviaesuspicio35
    subterfugi ,omnisgnaviaesuspicio35
    M
    de medio to11atur.
    tollatur. Secundo loco
    Ioco necessarium esse asseritis. ut de rebus
    agendis
    agendS inter eos consultetur, qui necessitatem negotiorum intelliga.nt,
    intelligant,
    quique in huiusmodi rebus sint
    sinl experti, idque in
    n his
    bis locis
    Iods fiat, ubi
    pondus et magnitudo rei, de qua agitur, commodius tractari possit; et
    pondusetmagnitudo
    B
    _ Cod. v
    V .. t.lat.
    t. .. 4037 P.
    . I.
    .

    19 s
    S ..
    .. Il
    II ... t . I",.
    .... 7. ,.

    1M
    _

    Cod. MOII.lat. 416406-

    ORA'IlONES.
    ORIONES.

    ad hoc
    boc pro ratione adducitis non
    mediocrem mutationem rerum post
    convcntum
    con\-'cntum Francofordiensem
    Fancofordiensem faetam
    factam eurn
    curn propter immaturam mortern
    mortem
    Ladjslai. Pannoniae
    Ladjs1al.
    Pannniae regis, in
    n euius
    cuius virtute maximam inclita Getmaniae
    gens spem habeba
    habebat,
    t, tum
    turn propter novum Boemiae
    Boemae regem, qui eum
    cum sit in
    con*
    ~ sils
    silis providus, in
    bello strenuus, in
    re militari exercitatissimus, potens
    viribus,
    vribus, auctoritate
    auetoritate excellens, cumque nec huic,
    huie, de qua
    quo memoravimus,
    Franeofordiensi
    Fancofordiensi conventui nec eeteris
    ceteris inteduerit,
    interfuerit, merito ad tantamm
    tantan.m
    rerum consultationem esset voc.andus.
    vocandus. Dehinc
    Dehine propter obitum
    obiturn duorum
    duonm
    principum sacri imperii,
    impef, electorum Maguntinensiset Treverensis ecclesia*
    10 rum prae!lulurn,
    praesulum, in quorum
    quorunllocurn
    locum al
    i duo suffecti sunt, qui supradictis
    conventibus r.on
    non affuerunt. Postremo propter varias dissensiones, simul*
    snluI*
    tates ac
    ae bella, quae postea in
    Gennania
    Genana orta non
    no mediocriter hanc
    haue provineiam
    inciam afllixere.
    aflixere. Haec nos, quibus rationibus,
    ationibus, quove consilio a vobis
    commemorentur,
    comnemorentur, non
    satis
    satS intelligimus. lta enim loquimini, quasi de
    15 rebus agendis non
    eapta
    capta iam, sed eapienda
    capienda consilia sinto
    51nt. Cavete,obsecro,
    Cavete,obseero,
    sapientissiIrii
    sapientissrri viri,
    ri, ne hoc
    boc sit non
    htiic
    buic sanetissimo
    sanctissmo negotio
    negoto insistere, sed
    flexiones et diverticula quaerere. An
    nos
    in
    hanc
    hane patriam ad eonsultan*
    consultan*
    dum de bello adversus Turcos movendo, vel ad petendum a vobis den~o
    subsidium transmissi sumus? Minime. Id enim et in eonventibus
    conventibus supra20 d.ictis
    dictis actum est praesentibus atque rogantibus apostolicae
    apostolieae sedis 1egatis
    et nupcr
    nuper in
    n Mantuano eonventu
    conventu auctoritate
    auetoritate pontificis maximi et gloriosissmi domini
    domni Romanorum imperatoris conclusum
    conc1usum consentientibus,
    consententibus,
    riosissimi
    immo
    Unmo potius coSu1entibus
    consentbus vobis, hoc est, principum vestrorum oratoribus
    et a1iis, qui ve1
    vcl per se vel per suos aderant, christianis principibus.
    25111ie decretum est in barbaros helIum.
    25111ic
    bellum. lIlie
    Illic huiusmodi deliberatio eapta.
    capta.
    Quamobrem igitur missi ad vos ,fuimus,
    Juimus, non
    ut ad helium
    bellum suscipiendurn
    suscipiendum
    hortaremur, quod iam publice susceperatis, non ut novi
    aliquid eterepetere- B
    86
    mus, eum
    cum et petitus a vobis et eoncessus
    concessus fuerit exercitus, sed ,
    primo,
    ut simultates ac
    ae be11a
    bella Gennaniae,
    Genaniae, quantum in
    nobis esset, auctoritate
    auetoritate M
    59
    30 apostolica sedaremus, deinde promissas a vobis exigeremus copias.
    haee legationis nostrae causa exstitit. In
    sedandis Gennaniae
    Genaniae dissen*
    Sola haec
    sonibus Deo et vobis testibus , quantum
    quanturn in
    nobis fuit, quantumque
    sionibus
    lieri ,
    potuit, operam dedimus.
    Nune
    nostro studio, diligentia, labore fieri
    dedmus . Nunc
    providentia solius
    solus Dei operante omnia saUs
    satS acata
    paeata ac
    ae tranquilla sunt,
    3fi nec aliquid superest, quod tam
    tarn sanctum
    sanetum cl
    et necessarium opus impedire
    debeat, quandoquidem vel fervescentibus pristinis bellis
    beHis nullatenus
    nu11atenus
    praetermittendurn esset.
    praetermittendum
    Superest igitur
    igtur secunda
    seeunda pars, ut promissum a vobis exercitum
    exereitum
    exigamus. Id nunc
    nune agimus.
    agmus. In
    hoc in praesentia elaboramus.
    elaboamus. Hoc
    40 est, quod a vobis
    vobS petmus.
    petimus. Alligatis
    AlligatS nobis regum ac principum mortes.
    Adducitis
    Adducits regnorum novitatem. Quid sibi vult
    volt istaec commemora
    commemora~
    tio?
    io? Doluimus certe et dolendus omnibus fuit
    fult Ladislai
    Ladsla regis imm
    maturus interitus.
    intetus .
    Vivit tamen
    tarnen et vivet Pannoniae regnum. Viget
    vget
    p

    1I01l1
    .IIoll ...
    , 1: _ _ _ _ n1.
    .

    2li

    386

    BESSANIONlS

    regni robur. Supersunt vires.


    vres. At
    Ladi!;laus
    Ladislaus in
    Francofordiensi conventu
    co
    ingentem
    ng militum
    mlitum manum promJ;erat,
    promiserat, fateor. Sed certe non
    minorem
    mnorem
    Duper
    nuper in
    Mantuana synodo Pannonii promisere. Decretum est enUn,
    ut vobisconstaredebet. Ungaroscum praesidio summi

    sumn1i pontifcis
    pontificis quattuor
    et
    viginti equitum milia praestare debere certo peditum numero adiecto. 6
    Nam de rege Boemiae
    Boentiae quid queramini,
    querarnini, non
    satis intelligimus. Est enirn
    i.n
    et potentissimus et bellicarum perjtissimus
    peritissimus rerum,
    rerurn, cuius
    CUiUS nobis
    nobS teropetempestiva praeSdia
    praesidia non
    deerunt. Siquidem in
    proximo Viennensi conventu.
    c.
    in qua
    quo pauci ex vobis comparuere, habuit bic TeX
    rex ipse legatos 5U05,
    5UOS,
    viros
    iros iIlustres et graves, qui nobiscoram
    nobiscorarn caesarea maiestate praesidum
    praesidium 10
    excellentia tauti
    a pcpS
    principis dignum :unplissirne
    amplissime pronIiserunt.
    promiserunt. Ncc' certe
    diflidendum est regem et JX)tentem
    potentem et devotum excellens
    exceUens aliquid
    a.liquid in
    defensione
    defensone christianae
    chstanae fidei et maiestatu sua dignum
    dgnum non
    per oommunem
    factururn, modo
    00 vos debitum
    debiturn ve5trum
    vestrum
    impositionem, sed sponte sua facturum,
    inelitus 110n
    non modo consenserit, sed etiarn
    etia.Jn 1Ii

    exsolvatis, cum praesertim rex inclitus


    regia auctoritate iusserit per totum suum regnum cruciatam
    cruciatarn praedicari,
    quod nondum alibi inter Germaniae
    Genaniae fines inceptum est. Ad haec heri
    inelinante iam die venit
    inclinante
    ad nos
    os eius orator cum
    curn regiis litteris, per qUelll
    quelll
    se de non
    missis legatis
    legatS excusat dicens se
    $6 alias
    alia.!> abunde voluntatem suam
    nobis indica sse et, quotiescumque
    quotie!iCumque opus
    Opus fuerit et a nobis requiretur.20
    etiam
    factun.m et proficiscente cum exercitu caesareo
    etUun supra promissa factumm
    augam secutumm.
    seuturum. Quoo
    Quod si velim
    et necesse auriga sua imperatoris aurigam
    sarium videatur, adhuc se missumm
    missun.m huc legatos pollicetur, cum
    curn primwn
    id illsserimus.
    j1lsserimus.
    Quo fit, ut de duobus istis Pannoniae atque Boemiae regnis non
    2Ii
    2
    modo eadem,
    mooo
    eadern, quae ante
    a.nte actis temporibus, sed etiam maior
    mao spes
    59"haberi
    69" haberi "ideatur. Quod si Theodoricus et Iacobus,
    Ia.cobus, Maguntinensis
    MaguntnensS et
    M
    B
    86 Y Treverensis ecdesiarom
    e::lesiarum pontifces,spiritum
    pontifiees.spiritum Deo reddiderunt,at
    reddidemnt,at successesuecessemot
    runt Diethems
    Diethen.s et Ioannes earundem ecclesiarum
    ecelesiarom praesules, qui quamquam conventibus illis non
    interfuerint.
    interfuernt, sunt tamen praedecessorum 30
    promissionibus astricti
    astrict illisque nec animo
    anino nec:: viribus
    iribus inferiores, et eo
    ad hanc
    hane rem promptores
    promptiores esse debent,
    debent. quo recentioribus sunt ab immorm
    tali Deo beneficiis affecti. Nulla est igitur rnutatio
    rnutato rerum,
    rerun, ut dicitis.
    Exstant reges. Exstant principes. Exstant
    Exsta.nt regrIa
    regna et principatus. Quod
    si mutatio dicellda
    diceIIda e5t,
    est, non
    minores tarnen
    tamen debent esse spes nostrae, 36
    cum non
    minor
    mnor propterea
    prupterea sit
    5it ad negotia gerenda commooitas.
    commoditas. Quod
    tl. si
    s
    huiusmodi causae retrahere nos ab ineepto
    huiu5modi
    Jncepto deberent, quidem numquam
    huius rei
    rel principiumsperare aut exspectare possemus. Nunquamdeerunt
    Numquamdeenmt
    mortes. Numquam eversiones rerurn.
    rerum. Omnia nostra Illornentanea
    momentanea sunt.
    5unt.
    Omnia
    Omna fluxa,
    uxa, instabilia,
    instabila, caduca.
    caduea. Haec est mundanarurn
    rnundanarurn rerum
    rerurn oonditio.
    oondtio, l

    ut quoo
    hode est, cras non
    sit; inunoquoo
    deSt. Propterea
    quod hodie
    inunoquod nunc
    nune est, mox
    rnox desit.
    phidia s opifex ille excellentissimus
    eurn aliquando interrogaretur.
    Phidia
    excellentissmus fertur, cum
    nterrogaretu.
    respondisse, quoniam staJT
    quamobrem Iortunam sedentem finxisset, ita respondisse.
    sta.

    387

    ORATlONES.
    ORATIONES.

    non
    potest. Sed esto, omma
    omna ita
    sint,
    ut vos
    !> dicitis. Num propterea
    obligatio
    oblig;.tio vestra dissolvitur? Excitarn.ini
    Excitamini parnmper,
    pa.n1mper, quaesumus, et quod
    nos
    os petimus, et quid vos
    !> respondeatis, attendite.
    Non nos
    os in praeselIta,
    praeseutia,
    quae in Ratisponensi aut
    ! Francofordiensi
    Fcaneofordiensi aut
    Neostatensi conventibus vel
    Ii
    li cogitata vel promissa fuenmt,
    fuen.nt, exposcimus. Secutaesuvt
    Secutaesuv~ deinde pri1cipum
    principurn
    lateor. Divisa sunt regna, concedo. Facta est ingens
    mutatio
    mortes, fateor.
    rerurn, esto. Quid haec
    rerum,
    haee ad nos? Nos quidenl
    quidem copias proximis fere diebus
    et heri,
    ut ita dixerim,
    dxerim, aut nudius
    d.!> tertius in Mantuano conventu proposcimus. Eas efagitamus.
    misses
    mi s S3S petimus. Eas poscmus.
    efflagtamus. Eas exigimus.
    exigmus. Proro10
    lO miserunt principes vestri. Promisistis vos et alli eorum oratores, viri
    ri
    excellentes et graves,
    gcaves, publice omni Mantuano conventu praesente
    mllia
    mlia equitum, peditum vero XXXII
    milia. Exstant publica
    publiea docuX
    menta super his contenta.
    cntenta. Mandatae sunt litteris promissiones vestrae.
    vestcae.
    Exstant mandata principum vestrorum facta oratoribus S\liS
    suis plenissima,
    pIenissima,
    16
    quae et diligentissUne custodiuntur et, eum
    cum res exiget, proferri
    profefTi poterunt.
    Nulla post haee
    haec Ladislai
    l.ad.slai mors secuta est. Nulla Boenliae
    Boemiae regis erectio.
    erecto.
    Nullus Maguntini et Treverensis interitus. Nulla rerum mutatio. Testes
    os ipsi, quod vera loquor. Testis est mihi Deus, quia
    et vera
    mihi estis vos
    dico et ro
    pro reipublicae salute dico et pro gloria ac honestate vestra,
    20 ne, si - quod
    od absit - tergiversari velitis, dici
    d.ci de vobis oporteat illud
    Hiererniae:
    aurum, mutatus est coloroptimusc.
    coloroptmus. Cogitate
    Cogtate
    Hieremiae : tObscuratum est aurunl,
    arumper,
    pa.tumper, obsecro, viri
    sapientes, nisi
    s hoc feceritis, quae non dicam
    honestas, sed honestatis
    honestatS simulatio vobis reUeta
    relicta erit, quae infamia hanc M
    60
    nclitam patriam sequetur, quae semper fidei
    fdei adamas splendidissimus
    splenddissmus
    inclitam
    26et fUlt
    et habita est.
    Subiungitis
    Subiungits tettin
    terto loco ante omnia neces5arium esse,
    ut vera B
    87
    pax et intemerata
    intemecata concordia inter principes
    prineipes et populos Germaniae
    Germanae
    fiat,
    quietis
    quiets et tranquillis
    tranquilJs patriae rebus incumbenti
    ineumbenti negotio facilius
    faeilius
    fint, quo
    intendi
    ntendi possit. Diximus paulo ante et nunc
    nune quoque repelimus
    repemus res
    3Q germanicas divina
    diina providentia satis in praesentia quietas a.catasque
    pacatasque
    esse. Quod si quid novi
    essc.
    emerserit, pacati
    parati sumus omnem 1aborem,
    laborern, vigig:i1antiam,
    soUicitud.nem ro
    pro hac re ponere. Nullum
    Nullurn ineommodum,
    incommodum, nullum
    rullum
    lantiam, sollicitudinem
    etiam corporis
    corpors periculum recusamus. Indicemus, quotiescumque
    quotiescurnque opus
    fuerit, veI
    vel perpetuam pacem vel temporarias indutias. Adiiciemus minas
    poenas spirituales. Nec ambigimus
    ambigmus imperatoriam
    mperatoriam maiestatem omnia
    85et poeras
    etiam ad eam renl
    rem necessaria facturam. Quod si ille totius boitatis
    bonitatis
    aemulus, daemon
    daenon et salutis
    sa1uts humanae hostis perpetuus aliquid vel veteris
    veterS
    odii suscitaret vel novi excitaret, non
    tarnen
    tamen propterea relinquendum
    esset hoc sanctum propositum. Imperitorum medicorum est duabus
    .0
    partibus corporis
    corpoS !anguentibus,
    Ianguentibus, si unam sanare
    sanoe non
    possit, sinere utramutrarn.que putrescere. Etiamsi non
    unus aut alter, sed multi
    nulti simul in
    n ecclesia
    21

    Tlr8Q.

    4,

    ~.

    ,..

    BESSARIQNIS
    BESSARIONIS

    Dei in5urgerent
    tamen
    5um
    im;urgerent Achab, non
    tarnen dicendum e5Set
    esset Heliac: ~Relictus sum
    solus,
    dieat responsum.
    re5nsun. tReliqui
    tRelqui
    solu5, et quaeret animam meam,. ne divinum ei dicat
    mihi septem milia
    mlia viroOlm,
    viro:um, qui non
    ro incurvarunt
    incurarunt genua sua
    5ua ante Baal..
    Mittelldae quidem suut
    MitteIIdae
    5unt manus ad aratrum, et de agro Domini spinae,
    5pinae,
    quae eveili
    po;sunt,
    possunt, evellendae, neque tamen di!;SCrendum,
    disserendum, quin etiam :;
    remanentibus spinis
    5; necessariae
    necessaJ"ae fruges serantur.
    Non sunt praeponenda
    minora maioribus,
    maoribus, non
    sunt
    5 praeferenda humana divinis, rfcct
    cum
    profccto eum
    pro salute
    sa1ute christiani
    christian popuH,
    populi, pro defcns.ione fidei orthodoxae certatur,
    pro Christo certatur.
    certatur, pro Dei laude, pro gloria omnipotentis.
    omnpotentS.
    Non
    possum me continere, quin
    qUn dicam, quod doleD5
    dolens gemensque dico.
    dieo. Nemo 10
    est ex
    omnibus Germaniae principibus, qui si sit, \
    ut fere omnes suut,
    5unt,
    alten
    aIteri
    principi foedere aut societate coniunctus
    coniunetus in omni eiu5
    eius neces.sitate,
    necessitate,
    quantumlibet ip:>e 00110 obsessus sit, non
    spolict
    spolct se parte militum
    suorum, ut fidE'm
    fd-m sodo
    socio servet, ut necessitati illius
    ; provideat. Hie
    : vero
    non
    eogitant
    cogitant se foedu5
    foedus eum
    cum Deo fecisse,
    Ksse, Deo
    Doo se obligatos
    obHgatos esse, Deum ab 15
    ipsis
    ipsS debitum paesidium
    praesidium petere pro defensione fidei suae, pro salute
    Iesu Christi, filii
    il sui, ne
    itcrum
    iteruffi a barbaris erudligatur,
    cruciligatur, immo vero ne

    saepius crucifigatur. Crucifigunt enim


    enm barbari Christum,
    Chrstum, quoties populos
    pro quibus ipse crucifixus est, sanguinaria crudelitate dilaniant,
    eius,
    virgines ei
    dicatas polluunt, sanctuaria
    sanetuaria eontaminant.
    contaminant. Putatisne
    PutatSne Deum20
    V aequis haec ocuJis
    B
    87 v
    oculis aspicere posse? Audite, audite, quid Leo iIle
    i sanctissisanctssi
    60'" mus pontifex et quasi alter
    a1ter 100
    Ambgi, inquit, non
    potest
    M
    leo rugiens dicat. Ambigi,
    crimen magnum admitti, ubi et propo;itum
    propositum deseritur et consecratio
    violatur. Nam si humana facta non
    vioIatur.
    possunt impune calcari, quid de
    his mancbit.
    manebit, qui eorruperint
    coruperint foedera
    foodea divini saeramenti?
    sac:amenti?
    25
    Verum
    Ve:um nune
    : ad alia
    ala veniamus. Necessarium esse affirmatis,
    ut
    simultates
    smultates et
    ! discordiae, quae
    qu.ae in
    regno Ungariae vigent, e medio
    tollantur. Aliter
    enim omnis
    omn.is conatus noster nequiquam
    nequam fieret. In
    l
    hoc certe vobiscum sentimus ct ita
    Ha esse, ut vos
    os dicitis, fatemur.
    Laboravimus
    Laboravmus in
    i ea
    ca re
    usque in hune
    hUIC diem et
    laboramus,
    laboramu5, nec diffi- 30
    dimus imperin.li
    imperinli bonitate ac
    ae clementia
    dementia favcntc
    favente nos ei
    rei
    optatum
    finem
    linem imposituros. Sed non
    est ob hanc
    hane rem differenda conclusio
    pa:andi
    OmnS mora
    moa periculosa
    os; noster quoparandi exercitus. Omnis
    perieulosa est. Hostis
    tidie in
    Christianos
    Christanos grassatur,
    gras.satur, continue auget vires suas, semper fit

    potentior, nostros in
    dies debiliores reddit.
    5
    Nos longis
    l5 tractatibus3~
    traetatibus3~
    et conventuum multitudine terimu5
    terimus tempus. Procedamus,
    Proced.amus, obsecro vos,
    ordine debito. Duo hic
    ordinc
    hie agenda sunt. Primum de excrcitu
    exereitu parando;
    boc praecipuum est et totius rei caput. Deinde omnibus de rebus ad
    ad.
    expeditionem neeessariis,
    necessariS. quae secundo loco sunt . Extricemus, si libet,
    lbet.
    primum. Deinde iUo
    concluso ad alia
    ala veniamus. Frustra
    Frusta enim
    enirn Offinis
    omS 40
    de sequentibus
    ;equentibus disputatio fieret
    fieret,, nisi primum admiserimus. Quod si
    1 Rom.
    RolD. 11. 311q.

    ORAnONRS.
    ORATIONES.

    primum, de quo agimus, conclusum {uerit,


    fuerit, mox de eeteris
    ceteris omnibus
    disserere poterimus et,
    quoad eogendi
    cogendi exercitus tempus advenerit, diffi~
    eultates,
    cultates, quae propositun1
    propositum nostrum impedire
    impedre valerent, exstirpa.re. Quod
    si favente Domino, euius
    cuius res agitur, ooncessum
    ooneessum fuerit, omnia pro voto

    6 succedent.
    suecedent. Sin minus, -quod absit -nulla vos amplius obligatio tenebit,
    non
    promissione, non
    voto,
    , non
    iuramento
    iura.mento eritis astricH, excusati
    eritis apud Deum, excusati apud homines cum gloria et
    laude vestra
    inceptum relinquetis. Absit
    Abst a sanctissimo
    sanetissimo domino nostro, qui non
    tam
    pius nomine,quam
    nomine,quarn re
    piissimus
    pssimus est, absitabapostolica
    absitabapostolca sede haec impietas,
    10
    tO ut {ilios
    filios suos perdere velit.
    l. Caro et sanguis nosterestis.
    Non ad lanienam
    vos
    os mittere eupimus,
    cupimus, sed ad triumphum. Nisi res Ungariaeita oomponan~
    tur et
    in eo constituantur
    consttuantur st
    statu,
    atu, ut tamquam
    tamquarn amid
    amCi inter amioos transire
    ac conversari possitis, non
    est eundum.
    Non enim in
    Christianos, sed
    Nisi transitus per eandem proVnciam
    provindam
    in barbaros bellum panunus.
    16tutU9
    titutus praestetur, non est eundum. Habemus super
    super h.s
    bis ab aposto1ica
    apostolica
    sede facultates
    facuItates amplissimas,
    arnplissimas, quibus securitati utriusque partis debitis
    et sufficientibus modis provideamus. Nisi principes, ductores,
    duetores, guber~
    natores respublieae
    respublcae securitatem se tam
    tarn euntibus
    euntibs quam redeuntibus M
    61
    praestituros spoponderint,
    spopondent, non
    est eundum. Nisi oommeatus abunde et

    lIOhonesto
    2Ohonesto pretio ac moneta solita suppeditentur, non est eundum. Cum
    saevior
    saeior ferro sit farnes, et
    non
    tam
    tarn proelium quam penuria consumat
    exercitum. Fames
    Farnes enim, ut dicitur, intrinsecus pugnat et
    vincit
    incit saepius B
    88
    quam ferrum extrinsecus. Unde ortum est proverbium: Qui necessaria
    frumenta non
    praepara.
    praepara t, vincitur sine ferro.
    N isi U ngariae
    ngaae regnum debitam
    debitarn
    26 partem
    partern et,
    ut supra diximus, pollicitam
    pollicitarn exercitus sui praestiterit, non
    est
    eundum.
    ut oratore
    Taceo de illustrissimo principe Burgundiae duce, qui,
    eius, viro gravissirno, referente didieistis,
    didicstis, duo milia equitum et
    peditum
    peciitum
    quattuor in
    Mantuana synodo obtulit et
    nunc
    nune in
    vestrum omnium oon
    ao
    spectu liberalissime offert. Quae excellentissimi ducis oblatio et
    plurimi
    facienda est propter eius potentiam et maximarn auctoritatem et
    ita
    ;!.
    pro certa habenda, ac si iam promissam reIl}.
    ren: in
    manibus teneremus.
    Nota est omnibus illius principis virtus,
    vrtus, magnitudo animi,
    anim, religio et

    singularis erga Deum


    Deuro et christianam fidem
    lidem sinceritas, eum
    cum apud omnes
    36 manifesta sint ea, quae antehac pro fidei defensione cum summa iaude
    laude
    gessit, et
    sumptus, quos maximos sustulit.
    sustult. Utinam res paterentur, ut
    sine r
    proprii status detrimento
    detmento ipse dux persona1iter
    personaliter proficisci adversus
    barbaros posset. H aec certe via
    Va esset ad Christianorum salutem ex
    peditissma,
    peditissima, et ipse rern
    iam
    iarn multis ante annis
    anns desideratam cum summa
    , voluptate perficcret. Et
    ut breiter
    '0
    breviter ac summatim ooncludamus: decreturn est inMantuano
    twn
    in Mantuano conventu unanimi omnium,quiaffueront,consensu
    bellum adversus Turoos movendum, dumtaxat ad regiam
    beUum
    regiarn urbem Con
    stantinopolim recuperandam
    reeuperandam et barbarum
    barbarurn ex
    Europa pellendum. Ad

    390

    BESSARIONIS

    id faciendum plUrimOlffi
    plurimorum principum, qui tum
    turn ibi aderant, in
    re militari
    peritissimorum consilio
    consilia detenninatum
    deteninatum est LX vel
    ad summum LXX
    hominum milia
    mllia satis superque fOTe,
    foe, dummodo classis
    c1assis maritima trire
    trite
    mium r.ecessaria eum
    cum onerariis navibus adderetur.
    adderetuc. Ungari,
    ut dixi
    mus. una eurn
    cum J>ntificis
    pontificis maximi subsidio XXII
    milia equitum obtule- ,J
    rollt,
    lll, illustrissimus Burgundiae dux sex milia
    roilia armatorum,
    anatorum, summus
    summU$
    pontifex eum
    cum potents
    potentiis italieis
    itaIcis classem
    cl:ssem maritimam sufficicotem,
    sufficicntem, in
    cIita Germaniae oatio
    clita
    natio XLII milia
    mla armatorum,
    ut sit
    S omnis
    omnS numerus
    militum erreiter
    circiter LXX milia
    mila hominuffi. euro
    Cum quibus et
    ct regis Boemiae non

    M
    61
    6Y mediocre
    medio::re paesidium
    praesidium et multos, dumtaxat re1igione
    religione et
    ct fidei zelo,
    , con-l0
    con-10
    venturos facile est cogitare. Nisi
    Nui ergo pontifex maximus, nisi Burgundiae dux, nisi
    5 Ungariae regnum, nisi Italiae
    Ita1iae potentiae promssa
    promissa sua
    5ua
    servaverint, nulla
    nuUa vos
    > obligatione astricti eritis. Si vero
    ro prom,ssa
    promissa sern, quid ni
    1 victoriam habetis
    habetS in manibus? Nam et
    nwnerus
    ns suffivaverint,
    B
    88 deus
    cicns est et
    vestri milites sunt rerum
    relm beIIicarum
    bellicarum experti. Antiqua 15
    quippe scntentia
    scntenti.:: est; Excrcitata
    Exen::itata paucitas ad victoriam promptior quam
    rodis et
    indocta multitudo exposita
    pos. semper ad caedem.
    caedern. Enimvero in
    omniconflictu non
    tam prodest multitudo, quam
    quarn virtus. Fabius Maximus,
    Cunctatoris filius,
    filus, apudArpos praesidio Hannibalis
    HannibalS occupatos
    o:upatos considerato
    situ urbS
    urbis sexcentos misit
    mSit mi1ites
    milites obscura nocte, qui per munitam eoqut:
    eoque 20
    minus frequentatam oppidi pa.rtem
    partem scaJis in
    murum
    mumm evectis
    evectS portas
    revellerent. Hi
    adiuti aquamm
    aquarum decidentium sono, qui operis strepitum
    obscurabat, iussa peragunt. Ipse dato signo ab alia
    aHa parte aggressus
    cepit Arpos et,
    , quod viribus non potuerat, rei mi1itaris
    militaris experientia
    experienta
    perfecit. Quis dubitat Germanos,
    Genos, qui praeter eorporis
    corporis et animi
    m vires25
    bellieanlrn etiam
    beJlicantm
    m rerum doctissimi semper sunt habiti, etsi numero
    paudores imbeIJem
    pauciores
    imbellem et
    ignaram Turcorum multitudinem fadle
    facile superaturos? Quid ergo obest, viri
    praestantissimi, huic
    initium dare?
    huie rei
    Nullum ex hoc damnum, nullum periculum
    NulIum
    perieulum !ieQUi
    sequi potest. Si nos
    os dederiMUS
    mus pncipium,
    prindpium, Deus ipse, euius
    cuius res agitur, feliees
    felces praestabit successus.
    suecessus. 30
    Abundabit nobis
    nobS eaelum
    caelum desuper. Effundent montes iucunditatem
    iueunditatem et
    colles laetitia
    lt. laetabuntur. Dabit Deus pacem
    nostrs, et
    non
    erit,
    paeem finibus nostris,
    qui exterreat.
    exteeat. Prosequemur inimicos nostros, et
    corruent eoram
    cora.m nobis.
    nobS.
    Eia
    . igitur optimi viri,
    . eia
    . Christi fideles dimissis
    dmissis verbis,
    verbS, reiectis amfraetibus et diverticulis prudentem simplicitatem induite. Rem hanc,
    fractibus
    hane, 311
    tamsanetam, tam necessariam, tamDeogratam
    tamsanctan1,
    pura mente et integerrimo
    corde inchoate.
    inehoate. Quid principes vestri possint,
    posstnt, vel
    potius quid velint
    ln??
    Possunt enim longe plus, quam rei
    necessitas postuIet.
    postulet, singuli dicite!
    dieite!
    Sequimini gloriosissimum dominum Romanorum imperatorern,
    inperatorem, qui eum
    cum
    sit vestrum omnium ('aput,
    caput, primus portonem
    portionem suam libentissime
    lbentissme ob- 40
    tulit et
    ad id personam quoque suam Deo devovit. Imitamini
    Imtamini serenissimum regem
    regern Boemiae, euius
    cuius antplissimam
    amplissimam oblationem supra retulimus.
    Tmitamilli illustrissimum Burgundiae ducem,
    lmitamiIIi
    dueem, qui
    < eum
    cum sit ex Genna.niae
    Genaniae

    okATIONES.
    okATIONE5.

    ,.,
    391

    principibus non
    mediocris auctoritatis, omni mora amputata artem
    partem
    suam pollicitus est. Quid tardatis? Quid alter alterum spectatis? M
    62
    Swnma gloria erit in
    hac re primum fuisse.
    fUi5Se. Magna certe ex;
    ; parte
    adsunt hic
    bic perlegatos
    per legatos suosgermanicaepotentiae.
    Non multi sunt, qui
    qu
    $ desunt, qui
    si
    5 senserint vos
    os de a
    parte vestra conciusionem
    conelusionem cepisse, nuJla
    nulla
    difficultate id ipsi quoque extemplo facient. Nos veTO
    etsi corpore
    copOre
    invalidi et
    va1etudinarii
    valetudinarii simus, si neoesse erit.
    erit, ostiatim singulos
    adibimus.
    adbimus. AI10quamur
    Alloquamur eos viritim,
    vritim. nisi ipsi quoquc consenserint, nec
    dimittemus: Sic Deo, sk
    53; iustitiae,
    iustHiae, sic
    sie fidei
    idei debitum solvetis? Sic famae, B
    89
    10 sie
    sic gloriae vestrae consuletis? Quod si
    5 taJibus
    talibus non
    movemini.
    movemini, moveant
    vos
    os preces apostolicae
    apostollcae sedis,
    seds. quae cum
    curo mater vestra sit et iubendi
    ubendi potestatem habeat, rogare atque precari filios
    filies suos
    5UOS non
    no dedignatur, saIutem
    salutem
    dumtaxat vestram et aliorum fratrem
    fratn.m vestrorum matema caritate
    oonquirens. Apostolica sedes hoc pro vobis
    vohis petit, hoc ipsa
    psa ro
    pro vobis
    16
    poscit, hoc ipsa flagitat,
    1 JX!Sclt,
    fIagitat. instat,
    instat. urget non
    cessatura,
    Cf!ssatura. antequam impetret.
    Importuna in
    evangeIio
    evangelio mulier
    muller tandem men.tit
    men,it audiri.
    audir. Et
    clauso eum
    c\lm
    .servis
    .seris ostio,
    osto, media licet
    Iicet nocte, ab amico amkus
    amicus panes accepit. Deus
    ipse, qui
    nullius superari viribus potest, publcani
    publicani precibus vin.citur.
    vincitur.
    Ninve
    Ninive civitas.
    ciitas. quae peccato periit. fletibus stetit. Vos, fideles filii, piissi20 mam matrem
    mattem vestram vetuIam
    vetularn hanc.
    hane, si vires vcstras
    vestras spectemus, et
    !
    param
    parvam et faciIem
    lacHern et promissam ac debitam etiam importune petentem
    reiieietis? Et ut aures Dei adversurn vos
    reiicietis?
    os lacrimis
    lacrimS impleat, patiemini?
    Nam quod
    od de novo
    capitulo de Galliarum serenissimo
    serenissmo ac
    ii,c potentissimo
    rege dicitis, non
    no dubitamus eum tamquam christianissimum principem,
    21 dwn
    dn maiore
    maore prll,esidio
    praesidio opus iuerit
    et
    requiretur, ea
    ell, facturum, quae
    e suo et
    maiorum suorum gloriosissimo nomine diSna
    dgnll' {uerint.
    fuerint. Nunc,
    Nune, quod cum
    cl1m
    bona venia vestrll'
    vestra dictum sit, curam hanc
    hane pontifici maximo et imperaimera
    toriae maiestati relinquere
    relnquere debetis et ea vos
    os a.gere.
    agere, quae promSistis.
    promisistis, eum
    cum
    sam
    satis superque sint
    smt ad propositum nostrum perficiendum. Idem responde80 mus ad ea, quae
    que subiunxistis de rege Poloniae,
    , quem tamen
    tarnen non dubitaremus in
    hac re promptissimum fore,
    lore, nisi animus eius sanctissimo domino
    nostro dwntaxat iustitiae ac Iibertatis elesiasticae et imprimis vestra.
    causa obdefensionem
    obdefensionen1 ordinis Theutonicorum nonnihil esset infensuset adversus ipsos Theutones bel10
    bello occupatus. De transitu vero copiarum per
    36christianorwn
    lI6christianorwn principum loca,
    Ioca. qui tuto {ieri
    fieri possit.
    possit , in
    Ungariam.
    Ungariam, quae
    tandem dubitatio est, cum
    per Germaniam soIummodo,
    solummodo, hoc est
    per
    suos, sit transiturusexercitus? Quod si quid inhac
    inhne pat.ia.
    patt-ia Ilovi
    emergeret,
    facile semper esset remedium. De provisione a.utem
    autern expertorum virorum,
    virorurn,
    de militum concordia profecto relinquendum onus ei videtur.
    videtur, qui exer40 dtus
    citus imperator designabitur,
    desgnabitur, cuius
    (! humeris eiusmodi sollidtudines
    soJJicitudines in- M
    62
    62
    cumbunt. Designatio vero eius, qui
    copiis
    copS praesit, iudido
    iudicio summi .
    ponti.
    fids et sacratissimae imperatoriae maiestatis sine dubio relinquenda est,
    ficis
    quibus praecipue honor et gIoria
    gloria romani
    romai imperii et gubematio popu-

    BESSARIONIS
    SSRS

    lomm
    lorum eurae
    curae esse debet. De tempore trnclueendi
    taclucendi exercitus,
    execitus, quantumve
    quantum'lie
    duratura sit expeditio.
    expeditio, de subsidiis,
    subsidis, quibus principes
    prineipes ac
    ae populi ad
    sustentandum exercitum
    exereitum uti possint, de provisionibus facienriis.
    facienriis, ubi
    aliqua cIa.des,
    clades, quod Deus optimus avertat, Christianis inIIigatur,
    inlligatur, de
    Christianorum exercitu, quando necessitas urgeret, augendo et aliis multis 115
    89'"
    hane sanctam
    sanetam expeditionem necessariis profecto et seiiIIO
    seUilO habeodus
    habendus
    B
    89" ad hanc
    est et saepe et diligenter
    diIgenter discutiendum. Verumtamen haec
    haee ficri
    fieri oportebit,
    eum
    cum de instituendo
    In.stituendo exercitu OOIlCIUSum
    oolleiusum erit, veI
    vel hic,
    hie, si ita iudicaverimus,
    iudicaverinus,
    vel alibi, si forte novus
    pro deliberatione
    deliber3.tione huiusmodi
    huiusmod.i rerum conventus
    indicendus videbitur. Quod enim
    eninl vos
    os nequaquam sufficientibus mandatis 10
    instruetosesse dicatis,
    instructosesse
    dieatis, facilenobis
    faeilenobis persuadet animos vestrorumprincipum
    vestrorumprineipum
    satis ad :
    i
    bane rem tepidos esse. Sciebant enim haec omnia
    prima in
    Nurimbergensi eonventu
    conventu {ieri
    fieri debere, deinde in
    curia imperiali. Nee
    Nec
    praeterea ignorabant, quod,
    practerea
    quod., eum
    cum ipsi neque in

    prima neque in secundo
    conventu comparuissent, ces
    res ad Kalendas Septembris
    SeptembS dilata fuisset.
    fusset. 15
    Scripsit eis serenissimus imperator. Scripsimus
    Scripsmus 005.
    nos. Ut legatos eum
    cum plena
    potestate mitterent, hortati sumus . Scripsit denuo sanctissimus
    sanetissimus dominus noster ad omnes ita obnixe, ut vel saxeum pectus
    peetus flectere
    potuisset , et tamen partim non
    miscrunt,
    nliscrunt, partim sine mandatis, ut
    vos dicitis, miscrunt.
    voS
    miserunt. Ex
    quo facile
    fseile eoniici
    conci potest, quid arnplius
    anplius in
    i 20
    aliis conventibus sperandtIm
    speranduffi foret.
    loret.
    Quod autem victoribus
    vietoribus christianis iamiam de divisione
    diviSone spolio 63 rum cogitandum esse iudicastis,
    iudicasts, profecto 00110
    bouo n os animo
    anmo esse feelt
    fect .
    M
    Est enim quasi eertissimum
    certissimum quoddam
    quod.dam victoriae
    vietoriae praesagium, quam
    nobis Deo ro
    propitio affuturam non
    dubitamus, si volucritis.
    volueritis. Nec ambigiaInbg- 26
    mus Donlinum
    Dominum nostrum Iesum Christum ducem nostrum futurum, qui.
    qui,
    ut Augustinus ait.

    ait, quando pugnatur, aperlis


    aperis eaelis
    caelis spectat
    sectat et partem,
    partern,
    quam inspicit,
    inspieit, iustam defendit. Hic
    : aderit nobis. Hic
    : victricia
    vietricia signa
    praecedet.
    : vindex noster erit. Terrorem suum mittet in
    praecurswn
    prn.ecedet. Hic
    nostrum et ocddet
    occidet omnem populum.
    populum, ad quem ingrediemur
    ingredemur,, eunctol
    CunCtOI umque 30
    inimieorum
    inmicorum nostrorum coram nobis terga
    terg vertet. Cuius virtus est pro
    dere1inquere, sed ",
    parva grandia facere
    faeere et rerum ini
    se pugnantes non
    finnitatem suo nomine roborare. Verum nos
    os cogitationem hanc
    hane de
    dividendis spoliis
    praesentia abigamus, nemagis avaritiae
    avaritae quam honespoHis in
    pontifice Caesar et, quod
    quod35
    35
    stati studere videamur. Providebit ei r ei cum pontfice
    ehristianae
    christanae reipubIicae
    reipublieae commod.um
    commodum erit,
    e. intetveniente principn
    prindpum vestrorumconsilio
    rumconsIio suo tempore deliberabitur.
    deIiberabtur. D e societate vero eum
    cum principibus
    prindpibus
    Tureo vicinis obeunda et necessarium est consilium. Etiarn
    Turco
    Ean sanet
    sanctissmus
    issimus
    d ominus noster huic rei operam dedit. Consiliacum multis habuit habet
    que frequenter, speraturque nostros vidnorum
    icinorum non
    mod.o
    modo christianorum,
    ciIristianorum, 4(l
    4()
    sed etiam
    ctiam infide1ium
    infde1ium non
    mediocre subsidium
    subsdum habituros,
    habiturQS, prout loco et
    t empore suo
    5 latius disseretur.
    dsseretur. Audivistis igitur a nobis, pr8Cstantissim
    pr8Cstantissimi
    vm,
    , abundc
    abunde ad ea, quae proposueratis, cespoIlsum.
    respoIIsum. Audivistis
    Audiistis desideriwn
    desiderium

    ORATIONES.
    ORTIONES.

    n ostrum. Quae nostra sit petitio, intel1existis.


    intellexistis. Petimus certe rem
    rern iustissimarn, ut videtis, facillimam,
    mam,
    facillimarn, optimam et
    omnium maxime neeessariam.
    necessaam.
    Differre amplius
    amplus hanc
    hane rem et
    novos
    os conventus instituere perncosum
    perniciosum B
    90
    est. Columna Dei viventis iam nutare eoepit,
    coepit, nisi celeriter
    ceeter SUCCUITamus.
    succuramus. M
    63
    I> Sagena sumn)i
    summi iscats
    piscatoris intumescentibus continue procelJis cogetur in
    n
    profundum submergi.
    submerg. Agitur iam
    iarn septimus annus, ex
    : quo tractari apud
    vos
    os tam
    tarn grave negotium coepit.
    coept. Indicti
    Jndieti sunt iam
    iarn plurimi conventus:
    Ratisponenses, Francofordienses,
    Franeofordienses, Neostatenses, Nurimbergenses, Vien
    nenses. Ex
    : omrubus
    omnibus nihil praeter bona verba et magniloquentiam
    magnloquentiam repor
    10 tatum est, ac
    ae hostis noster
    nostel' eontinue
    contjnue vigilat, serpit, grnssatur, lucrefacit
    luerefacit
    semper. Nos semper perdimus. Crescit
    Cresct ille
    ilIe continuc,
    continue, nos debilitamur.
    debiltamur. f>ro..
    xima aestate amplissimam illam atque opulentissimam Peloponessi provinciam nos
    nas quidem
    quidern amisimus,
    amSimus, ille
    ilIe subiugavit . Supra eccc
    CCCC munitissima
    oppida ditioni
    ditoni suae subiecit, uitra
    ultra quindecim
    quindecirn. Christianorum rnilia nefario
    nefano
    15 gladio crudelissirn.e
    crudelissime interemit,
    interernit, eireiter
    circitcr XXX
    milia
    rnlia insontium
    insontiurn anirnarum
    animarum in
    turpissimam
    turpSSimam servitutent
    servitutem adduxit, omnem
    m regionem
    m ferro ignique
    ignque eon
    con
    sumpsit. In
    Ungaria vero h~ ipso tempore strages maximas fecit,
    feeit,
    supra XX
    milia
    mila hominum eaptivos
    captivos duxit, Covino oppido et situ et
    naturn
    natua loci oportunissimo potitus est.
    Nos vero
    ero eloquentianl
    eloquentiam exercemus,
    20 nos conventus instituimus.
    insttuirn.us. Nos diem
    dien\ de die ducimus.
    dueimus. Libet exclamare:
    exc1amare:
    oDeus
    quae nos
    nas tempora reservasti,
    reserast, ut haec videamus,
    videarnus, ut haec
    haee
    o Deus bone, in
    audiamus. InutiJe
    Inutile est amplius in huiusmodi conventibus
    conventbus terere tempus.
    Restat, !
    ut apostolica sedes semel intelligat nihi!
    nihl a nobis sperari
    sperarl posse,
    ut saltem

    saUern pro viribus


    iribus suis miserum iJlud
    illud atque afflictum
    afflietum Ungaria.e
    Ungariae reg26num tueri eonetur.
    conetur. Quod si non
    poterit,
    poterlt, sicut
    sieut certe non
    oterit
    poterit Christianis
    ChrstianS
    2Iinum
    nolentibus, excusationem
    no!entibus,
    exeusationem merebitur apud Deum
    Deuro et
    homines. Fedt
    Feit enim
    ro
    pro viribus suis,
    sus, fecit supra vires. Vos vero,
    vetO, quod ultra sequetur, videbitis.
    idebitis.
    Cupio in
    hac
    re vanum ac
    mihi M
    64,
    hae TC
    ae mendax meum fore iudicium; sed mim
    eredite,
    credite, si forte, quod avertat Deus, succumbet
    sueeumbet Ungariae regnum, proxni
    proximi
    30 vos
    in
    periculo
    perleulo eritis, rom
    proximi Boemi, proximi Austmles,
    Australes, proximi
    Bavari. Tunc
    Tune sero et nobis quaeretur medicina, tunc
    tune {rustra
    frustra aliorum
    a1iorum
    auxilia implorabitis.
    Retmet fortasse vos
    Retinet
    os ac
    ae ab opere sanctissimo
    sanetissimo retrahit suspicio pecuniarum. Audivi enim quosdam vatm
    privatim questos fuisse.
    fuisse, quod hae usae
    35 forent ad exhauriendam pecuniis
    peeuniis provinca.m
    provinciam et ad id solummodo tendi,
    ut decimae exigerentur, quae postea in
    usus nostros devenirent. Deus
    det illis animum meliora dicendi,
    dieendi, qui talia loquuntur.
    Ioquuntur. os
    Nos et saepe diximus vobis et nunc
    nune eIara
    clara voce testamur ac
    ae in
    conspectu Dei vobis omnj
    omni
    bus affirm.a.mus
    affirmamus sanctissimum dominwn
    dominun nostrum non
    pecunias a vobis, B
    9O~
    fOnon argentum, non
    aurum quaerere, sed militem, sed exercitum,
    ex:ercitum, sed
    promssorum
    promissorum fidem.
    fidern. Praelati, quibus cogendarum copiarum onus iniunciniuneturn est, nullas decimas solvent, nihil aliud
    tum
    aHud ab eis exigitur quam
    bene
    instruetus exercitus. Qui veTO
    instructus
    ro ab hoc onere exempti
    excmpti sunt, eur
    cur decimas

    BESSA1UONIS
    UESSRtONIS

    solvere recusent. non


    on quae in romanam euriam
    curiam transferantur. sed quae
    hic expendantur expeditione exerrltm.
    exerritus. ut
    puta sagittis.
    sagittS. eomptibus.
    comptibus.
    missilibus plurnbatis. hastis. pulveribus. funibus. scorpionibus,
    scorpionbus, machinis,
    machinS,
    curribus falcatis. aurigis, bigis, quadrigis,
    quadgs, trabibus ceterisque
    cetesque ad in
    eurribus
    struetionem tanti
    structionem
    exercitusnecessariis. Nec pernos
    per nos aut quaestoresnostros r;;
    expendantur. sed per vos ipsos. Addimus etiam, quod, si modm
    modus iste
    de<:imarum vobis vel
    veI m.olestus esset vel
    dedmarum
    l inutilis
    inutiIis videretur. et alium
    nobis ad instructionem
    instruetionem exercitus sufficieotem
    sufficientem proponeretis. prompti
    M
    64~ paratque
    paratique erimus, ut eerte
    certe nuoc
    nune sumus, desiderio
    deSderio vestro satisfacere,
    omnem modurn,
    rnodurn, omnem viam nobi.s
    nobis gratissimam fore, dummodo optatus 10
    finis copiarum haberetur. Nhl
    Nihil summus pontifex sua, nihi!
    nihl romanae
    eedesiae
    e:.lesiae gratia
    facit.
    facH.
    Non sibi vel
    vellaudem
    laudem quaerit vellucrum,
    vel lucmm, sed ro
    pro
    fide, ro
    pro religione
    populi christiani
    chri.stiani laborat. Et imprinus
    imprinis huius inditae
    nclitae
    nationis,
    nations, quam discrirnini proximam
    proximarn esse cognoscit. procuratorem sese
    constituit. Communem rem agit
    tamquam popuIi christiani ater,
    pater, 15
    16
    magister et
    doctor et
    ut catholicae
    catholcae fidei caput et defensor. Nonne per
    immortalern
    mmortalem Oeum
    Deum a principio pontificatus sui in turbu1entissimo
    turbulentissimo
    rerum ecclesiae statu, tempore suspiciosissimo et 1
    pleno insidiarum
    iosid.iarum
    personarn
    sonam suam debilem
    debile et
    morbis afflictam sunlmo
    summo viarum d.iscrimini
    discrimini
    hieme
    hiee media commisit? Tot labores sustulit, qui etiam robustissimis 20
    magni viderentur? Omnem statum neg1exit
    neglexit ro
    pro communi salute, et
    !
    qui vitam in
    discrimine
    discmine ponebat, opibus etiam
    . nOIl
    ll pepercit. Exposuit
    Exp;uit
    certe usque in pra.esentenl
    pra.esentem diem
    d.em ro
    pro communi negotio, connumeratis,
    connumeratS,
    quae
    per absentiam
    absentam suam
    suarn ab ecclesiae patmonio
    patrimonio perdidit quaeque pro
    locorum suorum eustodia
    custod.ia praeter consuetum morem expendit. supra 25
    CL milia.
    milia aureorum. Tenuit iam
    tot annis et tenet
    teBet eum
    cum magno stipendio
    d.io UI
    ul Ungaria legatum suum. Ungaris ultra
    u1tra XX
    milia ducatorum, quibus
    se, dum
    dunl praesidia vestra parantur, sustentare possint, iam misit. Toti
    dem propediem ad eosdem missurus dicitur. Me
    vero
    ro apud vos
    os non

    sine
    sne magno sumptu, utinam non
    [rustra,
    frustra, tot iam mensibus teIlet.
    . Misit 30
    etiam in
    Galliam, in Hispaniam, in
    Angliam 1egatos
    legatos suos, praelatos inB
    91 signes. omnes cum maximis
    maxmis sumptibus,
    sumptbus, quos non
    de decimis aut a1iis
    aliis
    ehtistiani
    chtistiani populi suffragiis,
    su{fragiS, sed de aerario suo, quod certe satis
    satS tenue
    est, minuendo proprias et necessarias impensas et
    fecit et
    facit .
    Ne<'
    minus tamen
    tarnen omnium reddituum suorum et
    spiritualium
    spritualium et tempo- 36
    ralium decimam solvit. Hunc vos,
    os, Germaniae
    Ge:maniae pontifices et
    praelati.
    M
    65 vos
    enim nunc et praesentes et absentes al1oquor,
    alloquor, hunc
    hune inquanI
    inquam imitari
    ae sequi debetis.
    ac
    lmitari
    Imtari debetis
    debetS reverClldissimos
    reverC1ldissmos dominos
    domnos sanctae
    sanetae romanae ec~
    clesiae
    c1esae card.inales,
    cardinales, qui diei
    et aestus pondera cum summo pontifice in
    4.0
    catholicae
    catholcae ecclesiae gubernatione sustinentes primi omnium sua sponte
    decimas et solverunt et
    solvunt, eum
    cum tamen
    tarnen nonnulli inter eos sint,
    sn
    quibus teste Deo et conscientia mea vix
    ad vitae necessa.ria
    necessa.a suppetant

    ORATIONES.
    ORATIONRS.

    facultates. Proponite "obis parumper. quot periculis praestantssimus


    praestantissimus ille
    pater cardinalis
    cardina1S sancti Angeli. Germaniae et Ungariae legatus, totiens
    toHens
    personarn suarn
    personan
    suan exposuerit, qui quotidie inter barbaros. inter infiddcs,
    infddcs,
    inter crocis saevissimos ersecutores
    sine
    persecutores versatur parvis viribus, non
    Ii vitae discrimine.
    dscrimine. Considerate eos, qui ad Hispanias.
    HSpanias. Gallias, Britannias
    profecti sunt. Taceo de inutili persoa
    persona mea. qui tot beneficiis
    benefics a Deo
    et ecclesia cumulatissime honestatus, quicquid eUicero.
    ef!icero. nihilominus sum
    dicturus: Inutilisservussum.
    Inutilis servus sumo Quoddebebam
    Quod debebam facere. feei.
    feci. Atqueutinam
    Atque utinam
    hoc ipsumdigne
    ip5umdigne dicere
    dcere possim. Nec tarnen
    tanen rccuso.
    recuso. quamquam vires corporis
    10
    10anmo
    animo nOIl
    respondeant, omnem pro
    hac re laborem
    laborern . omnem soUicitusollicitudnem, omnes angustias. omnia denique vitae ericula
    pericula sponte subire.
    dinem,
    Expergiscimini
    Expe:giscmini igitur, ecclesiastici Germaniae principes, expergiscimini
    m aliquando atque surgite, et qui sitis,
    sitS, quod vestrum officium sit, quid
    vos
    os deceat, animadvertite. Erigite parumper in
    n caelum oculos nec semper
    15 inglorii
    nglo ac desides humi
    hurni defixos
    defXos vultus tenete. Ideo locaH
    locati estis
    ests in
    emiem
    nenti, ideo episcoporum
    epSCoporum nomen adepti estis,
    ut superintendatis ac
    contemplemini omnia.
    ut subditorom vestrorom
    vestrorum curam geratis.
    ut
    oppressos sublevetis. Vos
    os di estis, vos angeli, quibus fidelis
    fdelis 1
    popul;
    cura commissa
    comssa est. Vos estis reges vos
    os ipsos et alios in
    n virtute regentes.
    20 Vestrom
    Vestrum est regnum ecclesiae Dei. Hoc designant
    desgnant coronae illae, quas in
    capitibus fertis.
    fertS. Cur datum vobis
    vobS a Domino pastoS
    pastoris nomen censetis.
    nisi
    ut gregem
    gregen eius et pascatis fideliter
    fidelter et alupis
    a lupis diligenter custodiatis?
    custodiats?
    Quid
    Qud est autem astores
    pastores alupis
    a lupis suos
    os greges debere custodire, nisi
    n isi epjs..
    eps.
    populurn christianum a barbarorom
    barbarorum et infidelium
    infdelium
    copos et sacerdotes
    25 oppressione debere defendere? Requiretur aIiquando ratio administraHorns
    nostrae et, nisi
    S nos
    nol recte gesserimus, clamabit adversum nos Domi
    nusdicens:
    nus
    dicens: .Dispersae
    .DSpersae sunt oves meae,
    nIeae, et factae sunt in
    devorationem
    devorationemM
    65
    omnium bestiarum agri, et
    el non
    erat, qui requireret. Propterea, pastores, B
    91
    91"
    audite verbum Domini: Vivo
    ego, dicit Dominus, quia I>
    pro eo
    CO quod facti
    30 SUDt
    5uot greges mei in
    n rapinam, et oves meae in
    devoratioDem
    devorationen omnium
    omll
    bestiarum, eo quod non
    quaesiverunt pastores gregem meum, sed pa.scepascebant semetipsos.
    semetpsos. Propterea, pastores, audite verbum Domini. Haec dicit
    Dominus : Ecce ego ipse super astores;
    pastores; requiram gregem meum de
    manu eorum,
    corum, et cessare faciam eos, ut ultra non
    pascant gres:em meum,
    S5 nec
    nee pascant amplius
    amplus astores
    pastores semetipsos . Clamabit iterum dicens:
    .Non ascendistis
    ascendstS ex adverso, neque opposuistis
    opposuStS vos
    os murum pro domo
    Israel,
    Israel. ut stardis
    staretis in proelo
    proelio in
    die Domini . Clarnabit
    Clanabit tertio : .Vos, 0
    sa.cer
    dotes, qui fallitis
    fallitS nomen meum. Sacrificium non
    accipiam de manibu.s
    manibus
    vestris
    vestS .
    40
    Raee quaeso parumper consideremus, haec meotibus
    Haec
    mentibus Ilostris
    nostris revolvamus. Cogitemus nos
    os ecclesiarum
    ecclesarum nostrarum non
    dominos esse, sed

    21
    2 Euch.
    Eaech. 34. 5-10. 36
    3 Euch.
    E"ech. 13. , . 137
    37 Mal. I.
    . 6; 10. ('".
    (U(;. $#fJl.)
    $.,.)

    BESSAIUONIS
    BESSRIONIS

    procuratores. Ideo nobis commissa


    commssa procuratioest,
    ut utiIiterdSpensemus.
    utiliterdispensemus.
    Non, ut servet,
    ,
    seret, aurum habet ecclesia, sed uterogetetsubveniat fidelium
    voIumus?? An,
    ,
    ut venientes barbari
    necessitatibus. Quid aurum custodire voIumus
    a nobis arripiant?
    rip? Quis
    S ignorat, quantum auri atque argenti olim de
    templo Dei AssyrJi
    Assyrli sustuIerunt? Enimvero longe praestabi1ius
    templ0
    praestabilius est sacersaeer- 5
    dotem conf1are
    conflare aurum et
    el argentum, ut barbaros a suis
    suS finitimorumque
    cervicibus arceat, quam exspectare, ut sacrilegus et cruentus hostis
    asportet. Nonne dicturus est: Donline,
    Domine, eur
    cur passus es tot populos mori?
    Et
    certe habebas
    habeb::s aurum, quo ecs tuereris. Cur tot mactari, tot in turpissimam servitutem venire
    venre permisisti? Cerle
    Certe mdius fuernt,
    fueat, ut vasa 10
    viventium servares, quam metallorum. An ad omatum templorum serSCfvare aurum volumus? Atque, ut Ambrosius inquit, aurum sacramenta
    saeramenta
    non
    quaerit, tlOC
    noc auro placent,
    pmeent, quae auro non
    emuntur. Omatus sacrorum
    saerorum
    redemptio
    redempto eaptivorum
    captivorum est, et vere 1l1a
    ilIa sunt vasa pretosa,
    pretiosa, quae redimunt
    anmas amorte.
    a morte. Ille verus est thesaurus Domini, qui operatur id, quod
    od 15
    aromas
    sanguis eius operatus est. Crates, ilIe
    lle Thebanus, homo
    bomo tempore suo
    opulentissimus, eum
    cum ad philosophandum Athenas proficisceretur, dumdUffitaxatnesuum impediretur studium ingens,
    ngens, auri pondus abiecit. Romanae
    mulieres adhuc
    muIieres
    adhue gentiles,
    gentles, eum
    cum aerarium publicum Carthaginiensi bello
    bel.lo
    exhaustum foret, omne-m argentum auromque
    aun.mque ornatum in
    reipublicae20
    subsidium contulere.
    contnlere. Eaedem in
    obsidione Capitolii
    Ypoli eorruptis
    corruptis iugi ae
    ac
    longa
    crines viris suis
    suS obtulere pugtonga fatigatione tormentis abscissos ennes
    M
    66 nantibus reparatisque rnachinis
    rnachins adversariorum impetum repulerunt.
    Nos praelati, nos ecclesiastici, nos Christi
    os
    Christ cIerus, qui hen
    her aut nudius
    tertius ignoti,
    tertins
    ignoti , pauperes ac
    ae tenui victu
    vietu eontenti
    contenti eramus, nunc
    nune vero in25
    25
    summa t"Crum
    rcrum fastigia,
    fastiga, in
    n dignitates, in
    n divitias, in
    rerum omn1IJm
    omnium abunabuIlB
    92 dantiam per plagas,
    ptagas, per passionem, per effusionem sacratissimi
    saeratissimi sanguinis
    Chsti erecti
    erect ac
    ro suffarcinati
    suffarcinat sumus,
    5umU5, ne duo,
    Domini n05tri
    ae auro
    nostri Iesu Christi
    ut ita loquar,
    Ioquar, aut trin
    ta minuta
    nIinuta aera ex loculis
    Joculi5 nostrisextrahamlls, ChristUffi
    Christum
    abncgabimus?
    e5t aliud
    allud Christum
    Chstum abnegare, quam id agere, 3(1
    abncgabimU5? Quid cnim est
    quod agimus? Profecto, si
    51 non
    iuvamus
    iuvamu5 Christianos,
    Chri5t1an05, nos ipsosChristianos
    iPS05ChristiD.nos
    esse negamu5.
    negamus. Qui
    vero
    veTO ChristiD.num
    Christianum negat, Chri5tum
    Christum abnegat. Dominus
    ait Petrodiscipulum meum teesse negabis,sed
    negabS,sed menegabis. Negaenim non
    vit
    it ergo ipsum,cumsediscipulum eius esse negavit. Quod si
    5 vasaecclesia.vasaecclesiarum pretiosa procaptivorum
    proeaptivorum quorumcumque redemptione
    redemptone vendi oportere 35
    omnia iura testa.ntur,
    testantur, quis
    quS nisi crudelis
    cudelis ac
    ae vere saxeu5
    saxeus et fetTeus
    feeus pro
    salute popu1i
    saIute
    populi christiani,
    christian, pro defensione
    defen5ione fidei nostrae, ro
    pro Christi salvatoris
    5alvatoris
    nostri gloria exiguam pe<:uniolam solverc
    soIverc dubitabit? Exiguum e5t
    est enim,
    quod unumquemque vestrum tangit,
    tangtt, et comparatione
    comparatone eorum, quae frustra
    in mundani5
    mundanis rebu5
    rebus exponimu5,
    exponimus, eontemnendum.
    contemnendum. Scimus quosdam nuper40
    ex coepiSCOpi5
    coepiscopis nostris tuendarum ecclesiarum suarum gratia
    grata maximos
    bello
    beIlo sumptus
    sumptu5 fecisse, omne amicorum praesidium advocasse, ipsos
    in
    in
    bellis strenue interluisse.
    interfuisse. Quod si
    51 praetermisissent, non
    tam
    tarn eorum

    ORATlONES.
    ORTlONES.

    fuisset {ortassis
    fortassis laudanda
    Ia.uda.nda. patientia.,
    patientia, quam negligentia eulpanda.
    culpanda. At nunc
    nune
    si
    s. non
    privata unius eccJesiae
    eecJesiae gratia, sed ro
    pro universa.1i
    universali Dei ecclesia, non

    dicam tantum, sed pusillum aliquid fecerint,


    iecerint, nonne
    ab omnibus iudica.bitur ,quod hucusque
    cabitur
    hueusque fecerunt, non
    tam
    tarn tuendarumecdesiarumsuarum,
    tuendarumecIesiantmsuarum,
    11 quam sui u1cisceIIdi
    uldscelldi gratia
    grata fecisse?
    fccisse? Vos vero, saecuIares
    saeculares pncipes.
    principes. qua
    voce, quo vultu,
    vulta, qua fronte eompellerem,
    compellerem, non video,
    idco, euro
    cum in
    nobis ipsis,
    pss,
    qui vos non
    oratione, sed excmplo
    exemplo movere debemus, tantam,
    tantarn, ne quid
    gravius
    graius dicarn, duritiem conspicerem. Nescio, fateor, quo rne vcrtam,
    vertarn,
    aut quibus vos
    os excitem verbis. Vestrum interest eonsiderare
    considerare gladiunI
    gladium non

    10 sine causa vobis esse concessum.


    coneessum. Dei
    enim ministri estis et vindices
    advcsus eos, qui ma1e
    s in
    tanta rerum
    adversus
    male agunt, constituti. Quod nisi
    necessitate, in
    tanta Christianorum
    Chrstianorum pcrsecutione, in
    tot veri Dei iniuriis
    iniurns
    ac con tumeliis
    tumelis animos vestros in
    barbarorum
    ul tioncm
    tionem convertatis,
    convctatis, cavete,
    ne vociferetur de eaelo
    caelo Donlinns:
    Dominus: tDimisisti
    .Dimissti virunt
    virum dignum morte
    ntorte de
    15 manu
    m tua, erit anima tua
    pro anima illius,
    ilJus, et populus tuus ro
    pro populo
    eius .
    Sed ut in
    omnes pariter sennonern
    semonern meumconvertam: Abigite,qua.eso,
    Abigite,quaeso,
    istam tarditatem, socordiam atquc
    atque duritiem. M
    66~
    abigite a vobis tantam istant
    Induite viriles ac religiosos animos. Nolite amplius diverticula quaerere.
    2ONolte novos conventus cogitare. Dimittite iam
    iarn verba illa:
    iHa: eum
    cum ceten
    ceteri
    2ONolite
    fadent,
    facicnt, nos quoque faciemus; eum
    cum movebuntur ceteri, ipsi quoque
    movebimus. Cum eaelum
    caeIum tcrrae
    teae eoniungetur,
    coniungetur, tunc
    tune equites centum inB
    92"
    Tuccos
    Turcos mittemus. Pudet nos
    haec audire. Pude30t
    Pudeat vos
    os ita
    it30 dicere. AggrediAggredm magna. Reddite artem
    partem ei,
    , qui vobis dedit universum. Nolite
    NoHte
    mini
    25 ,
    pati, ut re infecta
    infeeta hinc disa:darnus.
    dis:damus. 0
    pestiterum rei exitum atque
    funestum.
    funesttIm. si ita erit.
    eit. 0
    exuvias tuas, Pie
    Pe pontfex,
    pontifex, inanes. 0
    flebiles
    fJebles vigilias. 0
    1ias.
    spem infelicem. Haec
    emnt,
    erunt, quae de tuis Germanis exspect3obas?
    exspectabas?
    Haecerunt, quae de i1lis
    i11is semper pollicebars?
    pollicebaris? Considerate finem rei,
    , di1idiligenter exitum perpendite. Si
    $ voluerit Christianorum calamitas, ut sine
    sne
    3Oconclusione ad eum, qui me misit, revertar, omnis labor praeteitus.
    praeteritus.
    omnes sumptus, omnia
    Offil.li.a studia
    s tudi.a evanuere. Potentissima
    Potcntssima italica
    ita1ica. natio ro
    proqua.e
    missa statim grandia illa subsidia revocabit. Praesidia maritima, quae
    etiam extra lta1i3om
    Italiam summus pontifex pa.r3oerat,
    paravcrat, dissolventur. Turcis
    Tureis
    finitimae gentes, quae hac unica spe, ne se hostibus dederent, tenebantur,
    35 sponte se crudelitati hostiwn subeient.
    subiicient. ExtoI1et
    Extollet b3orb3orus
    barbarus 3onimos,
    animos, ~
    in~
    feliees
    felices Christianorum animas aerius
    ac-us ac
    ae erudelius
    crudelius persequetur. Omnia
    diripiet, vastabit, incendet,
    ineendet, maria terrasque
    terrasquc miscebit. m
    Nemo ei
    c amplius
    reslstet. Quid pIura?
    res]stet.
    plura? Sequetur Chtistianorum
    Chtistanorum pernties.
    pernities. Horum omnium
    malorum
    m causam
    ca.usa.m vos Juisse et
    ! diccnt ornnes
    omnes et sentient. Requiret
    40 Deus Christianorum sanguinem de manibus vestris. Violatio
    Violato fidei
    fdei vestrae
    universis christianis
    christans princlpibus
    principibus patebit, manifestabitur, explic3obitur.
    explicabitur.
    14 HI
    Reg. 20
    2 0 ...
    .. ~ .

    398

    BESSARIONIS

    Veniet ad aures Dei cJamor infelicium a.nimanun.


    animarum. Ecclesia debitum
    suum
    5Uum a vobis
    vobS vel, si ipsa
    sa non
    poterit. pro illa Deus exiget. Si honorem
    henorem
    vestrum non
    oontemnitis, si non
    parvienditis
    parvipenditis gloriarn, si animarnm
    animarum
    dilgenter considerate.
    vestrarum salutem cararn habetis, haec omnino diligenter
    Servate fidem,
    fidern, quam promisistis. Solvite
    Solite votum. Fette
    Fete opem
    opern ruenti 6
    reipublicae christianae. Resistite imp
    impii ac neiar
    nefarii hominis crudelissimo
    furori. Mi.seremini
    afIictarum. Funestas faces a Dei
    Miseremini animarum
    anima.rum indigne afflictarum.
    sanctuario repellite. Denique
    Deque vobis ipsis, rebus, fortunis, filiis vestris
    vestS
    consulite, quibus nisi provideritis, non
    longe post simile imminere posset
    exitium.
    10
    Sed satis superque verborum fecimus, satis dissolvimus rationes
    ationes
    nostras, satis, quid
    qUd vobis agendum sit, declaravimus. Nunc
    Nune seposita
    auctoritate, dimissis rationibus
    ratioibus ad gratiam, ad preces, ad supplicationes
    et quasi ad lacrimas OS
    os convertimus.
    conertimus. Imploramus
    Implora.mus misericorruam
    misericordiam
    M
    67 vestram. Implorat nobiscum una infelicissima Christianorum innumera
    innumeral~
    U
    bilisque eaterva,
    catera, quos omnes ante genua vestra provolutos lingatis.
    Orant omnes, obtestantur, deprecantur
    depreeantur per vos, per fortunas vestras,
    per virtutem
    vUtutem ac
    ae religionem vestram, per ea, quae vobis carissima sunt,
    nihi1
    nihil aliud nisi, ne eorum animas
    arumas deseratis. Plura ne dicam,
    dieam, tempus
    prohibet. Nunc
    Nune breviter conc1udamus.
    eonc1udamus. Omnis iam
    a1 conventus, omnis20
    93 dieta supervacua
    s dato ante ci.
    Audivsts, quid gloriol
    B
    supervaeua est, nisi
    principio. Audivistis,
    sissimus
    sssimus dominus imperator, quid
    qUd illustrissimi
    illustSsmi ducis
    ducs Burgundiae
    Bugundiae legatus
    fecerint.
    lecent. Obtulerunt portionem suam aperte vobis
    vobs omnibus praesentibus.
    Idem omnes facere decet. Sie
    Sic dabitur huie
    huic rei felix
    felx initium. Erumpat
    tandem vera
    Vela et vobis
    vobs immo prineipibus
    principibus vestris
    vests digna vox. Unusquisque
    UnusqUsque 26
    2
    vestrum pmo
    prima clare et expresse pronuntiet, an prineeps
    princeps suus non

    verbis, sed re atque opere huic sancto


    saneto negotio
    negoto adesse et fidem
    lidern servare
    serare
    velit. SecW1do,
    SecWldo, quid quantumve quisque facere
    lacere proponat, quod a vobis
    sufficienti
    suUicienti obligatione et sub mandatorum virtute
    vrtute promittendum est
    addita conditione, si ceteri
    cete idem fecerint,
    fecent, tot scilicet,
    scilieet, quot numerum 30
    XLII milium annatorum implere possint, ne res in
    n infinitum
    nfinitum deducatur,
    et si omnia,
    omna, quae supra dicta sunt, instructa
    nstructa in
    n tempore a(
    ac parata fuerint.
    fuent.
    His pacts
    cetcs omIlibus
    pactis et certa a vobis promssione
    promissione habita de cetcris
    omnibus
    rebus ad hanc
    bane expeditionem necessariis
    necessas imprimisque de oonditionibus
    conditionibus
    superius
    supeus memoratis
    memorats tractare poterimus. Quod si alius conventus ad 35
    ea pertractanda necessarius visus fuerit,
    fuet, interveruente
    interveniente imperiali
    imeali auctori
    auct
    tate unanmi
    unanimi oonsilio
    consilio decememus.

    ORATIONES.
    ORTlONES.
    Be.arfonf
    Bn.rlon"
    Eontm,
    Eonm, flUH
    4uae post ,ro1lmam
    ,ro.Jmam clas
    a Re,UcaUonem
    Rc,UcaUonem secata .ant,
    a,

    B93
    93

    Brevls
    Bl. et saccJncta
    acC" ...
    NarraUo.
    eurn
    Curn haec::
    ha.ec:: itaque publce
    publice recitata fuissent, petierunt oratores exem M
    67
    6 plar sibi tradi, quo habito triduo inter se consuluerunt. Die vero quarto
    quarta
    hune in modum responderunt. Mirari se primo dixere, quod nos
    hunc
    id ab
    cis
    eis tamquam debitum posceremus, eum
    cm nemo eoruffi
    eorum meminisset, immo
    imrno
    aperte ornnes
    onnes negarent principes suos
    os umquam exercitum vel parti.
    par.
    cu1are aliquid
    a1quid promisisse. Secundo perstare se in
    proposito duerunt
    db:erunt
    10et novum conventum petere, rationes
    radones easd.em,
    easdem, quas prius, a.dduxere,
    adduxere,
    praeter id
    d nihil
    os primum quidem et
    nihll dicturos esse. Quibus auditis nos
    scriptis ex
    imperialibus
    imperia1bus registris. in
    quibus romiss
    promissio imperatoris et
    !
    principum Mantuae facta continebatur, publce
    publice lectis et testibus ex his
    ipsis, qui
    qu aderant, probamus.
    probavimus. Nam eum
    cum quosdam ex eis publice
    publiee inter
    u rogavissemus,
    I~
    rogaissemus, an Frandordiensi
    Fnncfordiensi eonventui,
    conventui, quosdam etiam, an Man
    tuano interfuissent, et quid in
    n iis gestum exstitisset, et interluisse
    interfuisse se et
    in
    n iis
    s principes Germaniae partm
    partim per se
    ipsos. partim per oratores suos,
    etsi non
    singulos portionem
    portiollem suam,
    s uam, eunctos
    cunctos tamen
    tarnen summam
    suromam XLII mili
    mill
    um militwn

    liun pollicitos fuisse affirmarunt. Quae eurn


    cum intellexissent,
    nteUexissent , ipsi
    pS
    Cete vero, qui aderant, non
    parum ad
    20quidem oratores obmutuere. Ceteri
    mirati sunt, quod eiusmodi
    eiusrnodi se rationibus excusare
    exeusare niterentur. De secundo
    autern nihil in
    autem
    n praesenta
    praesentia locuti
    locut sumus, eum
    cum in
    prima responsione nostra
    satis plene ad omnia dixissemus. Sed postridie eius diei cum omnes
    seorsum vocavissemus,
    vocaissemus, multa eum
    cum eis
    contulimus.
    contulmus. Petivimu.s
    Petivimus ab iis
    s
    2Ci
    2 nonnulla, ex quibus
    qubus intelligeretur. an fructus
    truetus aliquid
    aHquid novus conventus,
    coventus, B
    93"si
    indiceretur,
    indieeretur, esset ailaturus.
    aUaturus. A
    quibus eum
    cum omnino
    ono de ea
    ca re d esper.m.
    esperan.
    dum esse didicissemus, ne
    durn
    tempus amptius
    amplius nequiquam
    nequiquarn tere)"etur,
    tereretur, ea.
    quae sequuntur, ro
    pro exitu
    eXtu et fine
    fne rei tradenda om.n.ibus
    onn.ibus iudicavimus.
    iudcavimus.

    Bes.arlonb
    Bes rfonb

    B93"'
    93"'

    Oratlo
    Oatlo habit.
    hablta

    Pro
    Fine
    Flne et SoluUone Conventus
    Conventu Vlennensls.
    Vlennesls.
    y
    Ve1lem, praestantissimi oratoI"e.!i,
    oratores, atque utinam
    utinarn ita nobis divina boni M
    67
    tas concessis5et,
    concessisset, ut alium
    a.l.i.um huic nostro
    ro conventui tam
    tarn sanctis
    sanetis tamque
    tarnque
    necessariis causis instituto
    et longe ab hoc diver-sum
    diversum finem
    finern imponere
    B
    _ Cod.. Va!.
    . . IaL
    Iat. 4037 P
    .. I.
    . _
    14
    _ Cod. )fon.
    . 1at.
    Iat. 40.6. _ C.
    CJ> _ Chmcll.
    5 q"o
    quo h .a bit<>
    bito B
    ql1iblls
    ql1ib\s hahitia
    hab;tia 14
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    G_anie.
    G_oie.

    BESSARIQNIS

    potuissemus. Sed vetus ac probatissma


    probatissima sententja
    sententia est: Elaborandum
    in rebus optimis,
    optmis, quantum licet; quodcumque tamen
    tarnen ad extremum
    acciderit, tenendum. Nos quidem delegatae nobis ab apostolica sede
    fee potuerunt,
    potuernnt, et animo et corpore
    provinciae, quantum vires nostrae ferre
    ineubuimus. Elaboravimus, ut necessitati fidei,
    fdei, ut summi Dei religioni,
    relgioni, 5
    incubuimus.
    M
    68 ut pontificis maximi
    maxmi desiderio, !
    ut debito nostro,
    nostra, nostris promissis, nostrae
    fidei satisfaceremus. Adduxistis rationes plumas,
    plurimas, quibus, ut existimatis,
    stmatis, quae dicebatis, iustificaretis. Efflagitastis, ut novus conventus
    indiceretur, cui imperatoria ceisitudo
    celsitudo interesset. Eo
    pncipes
    principes vestros
    omnes facile eo casu per se conventuros asseruistis. Rationes nos
    os 10
    vestras nostris firmissimis
    firmissmis verissimisque rationibus facile
    faeile resolvimus.
    Quam pernitiosa foret de novo
    eonventu
    conventu eogitatio,
    cogitatio, demonstravimus.
    demostraimus.
    Ad dandum huic
    huie sanctissimae
    sanetissimae rei initium
    intium hortati sumus. Rogare vos,
    lacmis vobiscum agere non
    erubuirnus.
    erubuimus. Vos tamen
    tarnen
    precari, supplicare, lacrimis
    __ 0 duram temporum conditionem
    conditonem 1 - in sententia permansistis. Iratus 15
    nobis propter peccata nostra est Deus, et secundum vocem prophetae
    tObscuravit
    obscuravit Dominus in ira filiam Syon et deiecit de eaelo
    caelo gloriam Israel,
    nec recordatus est scabellum pedum suorum in
    die irae suae., Submersit
    Dominus omnem decorem Israel et omnes macerias eiu5
    eius destrnxit.
    destruxit.
    Exaltavit dexteram inimicorum nostrorum et avertit adiutorium gladil20
    Exa1tavit
    glad 20
    sui et non
    audivit nos in
    bello. Paucos
    omna
    Paueos fecit dies nostros et super omnia
    effudit super nos eonfusionem.
    confusionem. Contradicere rationibus nostris non

    potuistis, quin
    potius responsum nostrom
    nostn.m et publice
    publiee et privatim laudastis. Sed tamen novum dumtaxat eonventum
    conventum petere et in eo instare
    pricipes
    principes vestrQs dixistis,
    diXsts, praeter hoc nuJ""m
    nul""m vos potestatem b\l,Qm!
    b\l,~ ~
    affirmantes.
    In
    hac rerum difficultate, quod minus in se mali
    mall haberet, amplectendum rati et, si non
    libenter ad indicendum conventum adducebamur, experiri tamen
    t arnen imperatoriae maiestatis animum voluimus,
    an
    a illi
    lli dietae per se interesse vellet.
    Non potuit ad id imperialis subli- 30
    mitas adduci. Multas attulit rationes. Plurimas causas, plurima impedimenta,
    dmenta, quaeprohiberent.ne id faceret, dicebat. Recte agiexistimandum
    est, quicquid a iusto imperatore
    mperatore committitur. Obtu1it
    Obtulit nihilorninus
    nihi10rninus imB
    94 perialis ce1situdo se ad eum conventum legatos missurum ex principibus
    ios illustreset excel1entes,qui
    excellentes,qui merito praesentiam
    praesentiarn suae maiesta- S5
    imperii, viros
    tis referrent.
    refertent. Retuli post haec rern
    rem omnem ad aures vestras. Dixi
    DXi non
    posse flecti caesaream maiestatem, ut se ipsum ad conventum transferret.
    feet. Quaesivi,
    QuaeSvi, an
    ( vos nibilominus
    niblominus in
    proposito penaneretis
    permaneretis et prin3 tenendum
    twedum B
    feretldum
    ferelldum 101
    1
    4. et ... imo et eo..pote
    coo,c B
    1) M
    ""'. 1
    6 tI<)&tro
    IIOtro B

    vcst.... M
    1
    n ostrae B
    vestr..e
    ee 101
    1
    7 ...
    saa.l&oeremll,
    tid.uremll' B
    ...
    ati..'<:eretS
    tib<:eretis M
    1
    9 indiceredicere
    tur B
    M
    iaduceretur
    aduceretur C" 11060
    10 UW
    ... B)
    ] M
    ""'. I 20 avertit B
    advert!t M
    1
    21 audivit
    audit B

    adi"vitM
    ad":M 1
    24. ne.>]
    umen] tllm
    C"
    Ci> 131 adduciB
    adduc iDduci
    duc!
    M 1 38
    3 p<lu&IIeJ"etS
    p."malleretis B
    rem'lIeretis
    rem'lIeretS M
    .

    17

    Threll.~, I.
    Thren.~,
    .

    (uc. S..pI.)
    ScI.)

    401

    ORATIONES.
    ORTIONES.

    cipum vestrorum praesentiam, si Caesaris


    Caesas legati venirent, polliceremni.
    polliceremini.
    Vos neque id quidem
    quidem. llce
    pollieeri voluistis, immo
    imrno aperte fassi estis, nisi
    nis
    imperator
    impera.tor eo veniret, nihil
    nihl omnino bo
    boni sperandum esse. Qua.e eum
    cum
    ita smt,
    sint, nihil
    nihl iam superest, nisi
    nsi ut primo
    prima tester Deum et sanctos
    sanetos a-ngelos
    angelos
    Ii eius ac
    a.c in
    eorum conspectu vestras maxime mentes nihi1
    nihil a me, quod
    imbecillitas mea faciendum
    faeiendum intellexerit,
    inteIlexerit, praetennssum
    praetennissum fuisse; deinde ut M
    68
    rem omnem
    om.nem et hunc
    hune imprimis minime speratum exitum sanctissimo
    sanetissimo domino nostro nunc
    nune litteris,
    ltteris, mox viva voce exponam, ut ille,
    lle, quem superiore
    supere
    anno non
    a-nno
    hiems, non
    nives, non
    longitudo
    IOngltudo itineris, non
    a-speritas
    asperitas viarum.
    10 non
    sumptus immensi,
    mmensi, non

    proprii status discrimen,
    dscmen, non
    senectus,
    seneetus, non

    morbus ingra-vescens
    ingravescens ab
    a-b hoc
    hoe negotio retardavit.
    retardavit, qui
    ut rempublicam
    rempublca.m
    christianam
    chstiana.m tueatur , defendat,
    defenda-t, eustodiat,
    custodiat, incolumem conservet, si
    s een*
    cen*
    turn a.nimos
    tum
    animos haberet,
    halleret, omnes ad hanc
    hane rem intenderet, eui
    cui populi sui
    salus duldor
    dulcior quam popa
    propria et fuit semper et est , quique ita huic
    huie rei
    15 inhaeret animo.
    animo,
    ut de vita potius decedere quam de sententia ma1it,
    malit,
    ille, inquam, possit sua divina sapientia
    sapieDtia tantarum rerum necessitati
    ille.
    consulere ac
    ae providere et imperatoriae
    mperatae ma-iestati
    maiestati ac
    ae ncbus
    principibus vestris
    vestS
    quid ultm
    ultra faciendum sit, si libuerit,
    ibuet, significare,
    signficare, Quod si
    s per me.
    me, antequam forte e provinciadecessem, a1iud
    provincia decesserim,
    aliud faciendum mandarit,
    mandant, nec recureeu20 sabo.
    sabo, quominus ve!
    vel in extreme
    extremo spiritu,
    stu, si
    s quam
    qua.m opem
    opern reipublicae
    reipubIicae afferre
    epear atque utinarn
    Iceret me unum
    possem, experiar
    utinam et iterum utinam lieeret
    pro omnibus hanc
    hane indignissimam,
    ndignissimam, quae omnibus
    omnbus imminet, ca1a.mitatem
    ca1amitatem
    haurire -explerem !aetissimis
    laetissimis animis barbarorum furorem,
    furorern, placarem
    ptacarem imm
    ha-urire
    proborum erudelitatem,
    crudelitatem, perdtorum
    perditorum sce!us
    scelus ac
    ae perfidiam mei unius
    25 sa.nguine
    sanguine saturarem, modo ex hoc salutem ul
    populi Dei secuturnm
    seeuturam in
    telligerem.

    EplstoIa
    Eplstol.
    Lel.torum
    Germ.nlae PrIndpum
    Prlndpum
    LeIatorum omnium
    omrIum Germanlat
    Ad BessarIontm
    Bess.rlonern ApostoUcae Stdls LtIatum.
    Lelatum.

    B94
    94

    Putabamus grata per nos oblata exstitisse


    exstitsse eunetis
    cunctis ditbus,
    diebus, quibus
    illie morati sumus, praesertim dummodo ad etare
    illic
    clare nostra consilia pandenda
    ad vestrae iussionis vocem inloco
    inlooo babita tionis vestrae pride
    pridie comparuimus,
    aceersitique per vestram ampIitudinem,
    accersitique
    amplitudinem,
    ut praefertur, motum mentium
    nostrarum reseravimus nec quicquam, quod conducere aut impedimento
    35
    3Ii esse posset, abscondimus,
    a-bscondmus, etiam adeo quod
    quod. vestra reverendissima
    reverendissm.a domi B
    94"
    natio hoc
    natjo
    boc tempore nostram consultationem, nostram considerationem,
    nostramque familiarem avisationem post pluma
    plurima humanissima
    humanissma verba
    non adulando
    adu1ando nobis.
    nobis, sed plane dicendo laudavit et probavit, immo
    30

    7 minim
    operat<>'" B
    ntn.. "P"rat"",
    ill$~tu'"
    iD$~tu'" M
    I sanc:tissimo
    sactissimo B
    seRnl!.simo
    S8Rni!.smo M

    B
    _ Cod. Vat..
    _.. lat.
    -. "037.
    "Ol7. I S _ SeDCl<enberg.
    SeDCJ:enberg.
    K
    "!
    .."lo.,
    , ltud.iAal
    ::...uo. B'
    ..
    ' r\ou.
    . Uf.
    .

    "

    ""

    BESSARIONIS

    necessariam i1lam
    ilIam fore
    asseveravit atque ro
    pro $uasumma bonitate a nobis,
    qui semper sub potenti
    potend manu humiliare nos debemus, si vestris obiurobiuTgationibus contristati fuissemus. veniam postulavit. Fecimus hoc bono
    zelo, non
    ut oratores dorninorum nostrorurn, sed tamquam privatae personae, non
    ut virum maximi consil
    consili instructum redderemus, eum
    cum non
    5
    oporteat solem illustrare facibus, sed ut
    pro devotione Rostra,
    nostra, quod
    Dobis
    nobis videretur, pulsari probaemus,
    probaremus, praesertim attendentes, quantum
    mutuus caesareae maiestatis, principum et membrorum suorum in
    Germama ad rem tam
    mania
    tarn sanctam conferret concursus, et, eum
    cum dura sit capitis
    in
    iD rebus altissimis separatio a membris, omnia eum
    cum consilio agi debere,lO
    debere,10
    quodque sanitas corporis in
    membra redundare
    edundare habeat, et unguentum
    descendens a capite extrema vestimenti fimbria participet. Nam una
    fides, una voluntas atque spiritus
    spitus unus esse videtur et romani pncipis
    principis
    et dominorum
    domnorum nostrorum circa ea, quae sunt adconterendum Turci oten
    poten
    Harn
    tiam et christianae religionis defensionem. Ordo autem atque forma
    fonna 15
    sive modus, quibus hoc negotium fructuose, laudabiliter et salubriter
    sa.lubter conduci posse videbatur, per nos aperti sunt, et optima voluntas dominorum
    dominouffi
    nostrorum ad prosecutionem tantae rei dare
    clare innotuit. Unde audita nunc
    finali vestrae reverendissimae
    reverendssimae domina tionisquoad praesentem dietam conelusione
    resurnendas oblationes dominorum nostrorum descendimus.
    descendmus. 20
    clusione ad resumendas
    Fatemuret dicimus, quod adomnia et singula, quae christianum
    christanum exer
    citum contra Turcum instructum
    nstructum facere poterunt, ad ea,quaesuntad
    tuitionem christianae
    christanae religionis, parat
    parati et promptssimi
    promptissimi sunt conferre,
    conrerre,
    quicquid eorum
    quIcquid
    eo{um vi{ibus
    viribus et otentiae
    potentiae a Deo donatum est. Domini
    Dom nostri
    nos miserunt o{dine,
    ordine, fonna, et modis, prout in
    superioribus
    supeoribus oblationibu$ 25
    2
    et consultationibus nostris plenissime habitum est. In
    rebus enim tam
    tarn
    magnis nequaquam perfunctorie. sed gnviter
    gaite{ procedendum existimamus. Huiusmodi etiam
    etam oblationes {epetitas
    repetitas esse volumus toHes,
    toties,
    quoties fuerit opportunum.
    opportun um. De his etiam, quae hoc in
    n loco ventiJata sunt
    et occurrerunt, dominos
    domnos nostros
    pro posse nostro certos facere curabi- 30
    mus. Intentionisautemnostraenon
    Intentionis autemnostrae non esteosdem ad alia obligatos facere,
    Risi
    nisi ad iJla, quae obtulimus. Otiosum esse non
    debet. Eosdem dominos
    nostros personasque nostras recommendatos et recommendatas fieri
    lieri
    sanctissimo dommo
    domino nnostro
    ostro [quod] per personam vestram reverend.issireverendissimam [fieri]
    (fieri] humiliter postu1anus
    postulamus et deprecamur.
    35
    pro devoclon.e
    devocloce Dostra,
    qua. Dobis
    pul6--7 sed "t
    " ... attendeDtes
    attendec~ B
    Et pm
    nost ..., qu"
    . VOll

    !;II;mur
    f;/I;mur pre6eDti attendentes.
    a.ttendentes. 5 I 11 hha.beatl
    .. beall habetur
    h a.betur 5S j 12 particip"t]
    pa.rticip"t] p"rcipiet
    p"rcipict 5 r
    15--18 Omo
    15--16
    ......
    ... oa!ubritu
    Iubrite ]
    BIS""".
    5 """. I 32 obtulimul]
    o otu!imus] S
    s..u.!Ot
    tuU. ct iD
    p
    peseciarum
    ..... nciarum offen.
    oe_
    " .. Verum quia labor
    ose ut .p" ....mns
    qu," pro parte
    m"
    la.bor noste"!"
    mus a.d pose<:utionem
    p.-O$utionem eorum que
    j""ltorun Dominorum
    Dominonm "ostrorum
    opzn. mente obtulimus
    obtulmus ociOSIlS
    ocos esse
    _
    debeat, e/c. j
    i""litorum
    " ostrorum optima
    non
    34 qllod B]
    ] 5
    S """. r 35 f-.eri
    fIeri B]
    ] 5 """. r 35 5
    S tuU.:
    ..u.: Not. Qaod Card. Nic
    Nie...,u.
    ....
    dedit
    ddit
    oratoribu.
    oratoribus Electorum benediction.em
    benedictiocem cum
    CUn> sinistra
    ,;" .... manu.
    manII.

    lI.

    ORATIONES.

    '03

    Bessarlonls

    B95
    95

    Responslo
    Res,onsIo ad eostlem
    eotlem Legatos.
    Lelatos.
    Neque nobis gratae sunt neque fuerunt umquam, 0 pncipurn
    principurn Germaniae oratores, oblationes vestrae, neque eas umquam
    urnquam aut probamus
    probavimus
    5aut
    aut laude dignas existimavimus,
    existmaimus, irnmo semper tamquam genera1es
    generales et
    nihil ecrti,
    certi, nihil
    nhil utilitatis habentes reiecimus, publice

    publiee ac
    ae privatirn
    privatim increpavimus,
    crepaimus, divertentium et tergiversantium hominum il1as
    illas esse iu
    dica.ntes. Laudavimus
    Laudaimus tamen,
    tarnen, ut nunc
    nune quoque laudaremus, aliqua
    consilia vestra ut vera et utIia
    utilia,, sed tamen
    tarnen alio tempore discutienda,
    10 prout in nostra responsione laHns
    latus disseruimus atque praesentiam imperatoriae celsitudinis in
    conventu,
    con.ventu, quem petebatis, utlissmam
    utilissimam fuisse
    futuram et antea confessi sumus
    et nunc
    nune non
    dilfitemur. Neque tamen
    tarnen
    dubitamus, si principes vestri
    vestn voluissent vel
    si
    adhuc
    adhue re integra vellent,
    negotia
    negota fidei etiam
    etiarn sine
    imperiali
    mperiali protectione optimum et
    optatum
    llifinem
    lIiinem habitura, eum
    cum pIerique
    plerique ex eis
    res non
    minus arduas tamquam
    tarnquam
    non
    ita laudabiles
    laudables suo, ut aiunt, Marte nulla imperatoris
    Imperatoris facta mentione
    et fecerint et quotidie faciant.
    faeiant. Obiurgationibus vero,
    , hoc est, ut vos
    quidem neque usi summus nec
    ne<: faciJe
    facile uteremur,
    inte1ligitis, iurgiis non
    nisi vos
    forte reprehensiones paternas vel
    !>
    potius fratemas
    fraternas correptiones
    20 iurgia et obiurgationes
    obiurgatones vocetis, quibus pro olficio
    officio nostro ne<: diffitemur
    dffitemur
    nec paenitet usos fuisse, quin otius,
    potius, quotiescumque se locus offerret,
    denuo uteremur. De his et petivimus veniam, et
    iterum
    herum acsaepius
    aesaepius peteremus, non
    !
    ut vos
    superbiores efficeremus, - essetenimplanecontramenessetenimplaneeontramentern nostram - sed
    tem
    ut exemplo patris, exemplo fratds
    fratris humiliores evade2liretis.
    non
    facitis, dolemus et angimur,
    a.gimur, eum
    cum incorrigibiliumhomi2Iiretis. Quod si
    num id esse videatur. Finem autem talem
    talern eonventui
    conventui imposuimus non

    sponte, sed a vobis eompulsi


    compulsi et graviter
    graiter ac
    ae iniquo anirno
    animo ferentes, quod
    nobis aJjter
    lieuet.
    Jiceret. Nihlominus
    aliter face.n:
    facen!i non
    Nihilominus rem
    rern omnem ad sanctissimum
    sanetissimum
    dominumnostrum remisimus, ut, si
    quidampliusfaciendum eiusbonitati
    30 videretur,
    deretur, iuberet. Cuius mandatis obsecuturos tandem principes vestros
    non
    desperamus. Quod vero in
    rebus adeo gravibus non
    esse erfunc
    perfunetorie,
    ut vestro vocabulo utamur, agendum affirmatis,
    afirmatis, non
    pssumus
    possumus
    non
    maxirne
    maxime m.irari.
    mirari. Nam si septem iam annorum eogitationem
    cogitatonem per"
    functoriam
    funetoriam iudicatis, praeveniet Turcus
    Tureus deliberationem nostram et ante
    36 opprimet, quam nos
    os de rebus agendis consilium capiamus. os
    Nos igitur
    vestram hanc
    hane eedulam
    cedulam neque approbamus neque recipimus. Scripta
    est a vobis pro voluntate et arbitrio vestro. Vobis sit
    slt usui, si
    ita velitis.
    Noseam prorsus reiicimus tamquam teS
    res aliter. quam gestae fuerint. continentem.
    Iniungimus tamen
    vobS et in
    virtute sanctae
    tinentern. lniungimus
    tarnen vobis
    sanetae oboedientiae ac
    ae
    ~sub excommunicationis latae sententiae poena committimus et mandasub
    ruandamus, ut cedulae vestrae
    antedictae
    antedietae hanc
    hane quoque
    quaque nostram cedulam addatis ac nemini
    nemni omnino vestram sine hae
    bac nostra ostendere praesumatis.

    ,..

    NICOLAI EPISCOPI FIRMANI

    ORA

    TIO IN
    FUNERE BESSARIONrs.

    Am 3. Dezember 1472 fanden


    faden fr
    fir Bessa60n
    Bessadon in dessen Titel.1cin:he
    TiteUcin:he
    Dodici Apostoli die feierlichen Exequien statt, zu
    denen auch
    von
    Sixtus IV erschienen war, und bei denen Niccolb Capranica, Bischof
    Fermo,
    Femo, die Trauerrede hielt. Gegenber
    Gegeniber der Oratio funebris des
    von
    geschrieben. aber nicht gehalten worden
    Michael Apostolios,l die nur geschrieben,
    st, wie gegenber
    gegeniber dem wohl inha1treichen
    inhaltreichen Panegyrikus Platin~ hat
    ist,
    Capranicas Rede den Vorzug unmittelbarer Frische. Sie enthilt
    enthlt auch
    wichtige
    Wchtige biographische Angaben.
    Tra.ueede ist
    st in
    folgenden Handschriften iberliefert:
    berliefert:
    Die Trauerrede
    a) Vat. lat. 3920 fol.
    l. 41-47 = B

    529 fol.
    l. IIS
    1I5 --::r8
    :n8 = C
    b) Vat. lat. 52I9
    l. 62-70 = 0

    c) Ottobon. lat. 2521 fol.


    {' 9g-I07Y

    d) Cod. Mon. lat. 443 fol.


    99-I07Y """ M

    B
    stellt wohl die ursprnglichste
    urspringlichste Textgestalt dar. C und 0
    stammen
    nlen vielleicht aus B.
    . M
    zeigt VeTkczungen
    Vekirzungen und nachtrigliche
    nachtrgliche stiliAnderungen.
    stische nderungen.
    iunere Reverendissimi CarZwei alte Drucke: Oratio babita in funere
    {' 40 und Fr. B.
    . Malvasia
    dinalis Graeci, sine loco et anno, 6 fol.
    Compendio storico della basilica de' XII
    apostoli di Roma. Roma
    1655, .
    p . 255 (in
    ( der Vaticana
    Vatcana und im
    Britischen Museum) sind so
    50
    selten wie die Handschriften.
    I )figne
    Migne ., PG. 161, CXXVU--GXL.
    CXXVII--GXL.
    I )firne,
    J61. ClIt-CXVI.
    Mirne. PG . 161.

    Acta in
    Funere Nle.enl
    NIcaenf

    B<t

    M99
    99
    NIcoIaum Episeopum
    Per Ntcotaum
    Episcopm Ftrmanum.
    FIrmanum.
    Deum
    neum optimum maximum imprimis et sanctissimos apostolos, in
    1.
    .
    quorum templo funebria,
    funebria haec sacra celebrantur, oro
    ro supplex
    supptex atque
    temporis, quo mihi dicendum est
    /) precor, beatissime pater, articulo temporis.
    de obitu Bessarionis, cardinalis Nitaeni, apostolici legati, viri omni
    laudis genere cumulatissimi
    cumulatissini atque de me optime meriti,
    meti, animi mei
    trisitiamque levent, suspiria.
    maerorem tristitiamque
    suspiria tollant,
    toUant, comprimaut lacrimas
    atque singultas.
    singultas, ut ex me. quantum pro ingenii
    arvitate
    parvitate licuerit,
    licuet,
    100mnes plane cognoscere possint, quantam iacturam, quantum vulnus
    non
    modo Graecorum, si quae supersint reliquiae, sed Romana urbs et
    curia, a,postolica
    apostolica sedes, catholica fides, christiana denique religio et
    respublica susceperit. Coactus vero temporis angustia non
    respubIica
    sequar
    oratoris officium, sed epitomen scribentis Laconum more,
    rnore, permulta
    ermulta
    15
    5 ro
    pro paucis imitatus eos, qui Dlagnum
    magnum atque immensum orbem brcvi
    Namsivoluero,nondicam exomare, quod
    admodum tabella depingunt. NamsivoIuero,nondicam
    oratoris esset proprium, sed recensere
    recetsere singulas Nicaeni virtutes,
    irtutes. prudentiam, iustitiam, temperantianl,
    temperantian}, fortitudinem, doctrinam, e10quentiam
    et rcliquas animi et
    ct eorporis
    corporis praestantissimas dotes, ct
    ! dies me deser~ret,
    20 et in medio
    m orationis
    oratonis eursu
    cursu ipse deficerem. Ta.ntus
    Tantus enim tamque
    late patens campus ad dicendwn sese offerret,
    offeet, ut ab re caligantibus
    calgantibus
    cum Vergilii Palinuro exclamare compellerer: tCaelum
    Ca,elum undiqueM 99
    oculis euro
    et undique pontus. Qua propter, beatissime pater, extemporanea paene
    et tumultuaria
    tumultua,a. dietione,
    d.ctione, quam brevissime potero, absolvam Bessarionis
    25 initia et
    laboriosissimum vitae eursum,
    cursum, gallicae
    g<1licae deinde legationis pariter
    et ipsius
    ps vitae finem
    finern praeclarum illum quidem
    quidern et sibi merito optandum, B
    41 v
    nobis vero, qui talem
    talern ac
    ae tantum patrem amisimus,
    amsimus, luetuosum
    luctuosum a,tque
    atque
    funestum. Quas ob res, praestantissimi patres et domini, vos et ceteros
    oratos obseeratosque
    obsecratoSQue velim,
    lm,
    ut hominem in Latio natum.
    natum, Romanal!
    amnes
    30
    3D ecdesiae
    e:lesiae laete
    lacte nutritum atque educatum,
    edueatum, vestris etiam beneficiis auctum
    auetum
    et proinde vobis deditis.simum
    deditissimum obsequentissimumque, de vestra praeserV

    6 "mi
    B
    Qm;'
    QmIli.5 0
    I 14 peru1l4
    peruu.lu, B
    qllam
    qIam multa
    muIa M
    I 16 die&m
    diC&ID M
    dicta
    di<:.ta B
    I
    22 ulldique]
    udiqueJ M
    ...... I 26 p,,.,,,,IarIm
    prallClarllm B
    gloriosum
    gIoosum M
    r 2't
    21 amisimlUl
    amSimUII B
    arnmiaiznU50
    arnmiainu5

    406

    NlCOLI
    NlCOLAI

    EPISCOPI FfRMANI
    EPISCOPl
    FlRMANI

    tim laude
    Jaude loquentem - nihil enim
    enm a Nicaeno alienum habetis aequis
    aequs
    animis et
    patenter
    patienter audire velitis. Teque imprimis appel1o,
    appelIo, Sixte,
    pontifex maxime, pro tua singulari erga amnes
    omnes benignitate atque
    mansuetudine,
    nansuetudi11e, praecipuaqIe
    praedpuaque in Nicaenum pIetate.
    pietate. qua hodiema die
    praeter summorum
    5 potcn
    pontificum mOTern
    funeralibus
    funeralbus his ct
    interesse et
    ct ~
    ptaees5C voluisti, et
    ratione quadam. Tuus enim, tuus inquam ct
    apostolicae sedis legatusBessario, cardinalis
    ca.rdina1is Nicaenus, mortem
    motem obiit. Exstinctus
    est Constantinopolitanus
    Constantinoolitanus patriarcha,
    patriareha, Sabinus episcopus. sacri senatus
    5enafUS
    tui
    atque coUegii princeps, honor,
    honoT, gloria. splendor. de qua
    quo cum
    eurn bona
    venia vestra et
    ct gratia
    grata dicere iam
    (lm aggredior.
    10
    2.
    Bessario nobili et
    ct antiqua
    atiqua Graecia ortus oriundusque fuit.
    fui t. Siquidem
    M
    100 eins
    patria est Trapezus, Sinopensium colcnia.
    co1cnia. Sinopem vero
    ro condidere
    Mesli,
    Milsi, Miletum
    MiIetum Athenienses. Ex
    his parentibus, avis, abavis
    abavs maiori*
    maori*
    busque nobilitatem
    nobiltatem referem;
    referens ubertatem atque redundantiarn
    redundantiam Asiani
    Asani
    ingenii Attica
    Attca moderatione
    moderatone temperavit. Narn Diogencm.
    Diogenem. Deiphilum 15
    p!tam,
    potam, ThaIetem,
    Thaletem, Hecataeum his.to:ricum,
    historieum, Aeschinem
    Aeschinern rhetorem,
    rhetorern, eum

    dico, qui in
    Pompeium Magnum invectus est, ad Socratis, Platonis
    et
    aliorum Atticorum
    AtticOntm frugalitatem imitando traduxit. Hic cum primum
    B
    42 excessit e pueS,
    puem, Byzantium ad Cal)iendum
    capiendum ingenii
    ngenii suapte natura
    optimi atque acemnJi
    acerrimi cultum a pa.rentibus
    parentibus mittitur. Ubi grammatica
    grammatica. 20
    et p!ticll'
    celeime imbutus, ne arerum
    a rerurn divinarum contern*
    ~tica quam celerrime
    contem*
    p1atione,
    platione, ad quam rota vitae ferebatur,
    fe:rebatur, humanarum cura aliqua abdu*
    ceretur, Basilii religione, quae praecipua et UJ1ica
    uniea apud
    a.pud Graecos ha.betur,
    habetur,
    initiandum se tradidit Dositheo archiepiscopo Doriensi, viro optimo
    atquedoctissimo, ducem sibi
    atquedoctissimo.
    5ibi eum et praeceptorem eligens etadmirandum
    etadmra.ndum 25
    .
    proponens. Sed Dositheus adolescentis ingenium ad occultarum
    occultarurn et ad*
    mirabilium
    mra.biliunl rerurn
    renun invcstigationes
    investigationes natum perspiciens eum emittit ad
    archiepiscopum Sylimbriensem,
    5ylimbriensem, quem ro
    pro excellenti
    excel1enti doctrina,
    doctrina. sapiensapien*
    tia et
    ! morum gravitate atque S3.J1ctimonia
    sanctimonia universa Graecia admirabatur et patrem
    ba.tur
    patrern appellabat. Huius nomen Bessario ad vitae extre- 30
    mum
    rnum singulari observantia
    observaJ1tia est ersecutus,
    persecutus, quia ab eo non
    solum
    litterarum
    litte:rarum et philosophiae cognitionem,
    cognitonem, sed instituta vitae
    Vtae et boos
    bonos
    quoque mo:res
    mores accepisset. Demum, ne
    quid tanto ac tali
    tall ingeJ1io
    ingenio
    M
    l00V deesset, Sylimbriensis
    Sylimbrienss consilio
    COJ1silio Plethone,
    Pie thone, quem Gemistum
    Gemisturn voca.nt
    vocant et
    offines vel
    ornncs
    alterum
    alte:rum Platonem iudicabant, in
    Peloponneso, quo doctrinae
    dO<:trinae 35
    causa se contulerat, praeceptore usus
    u sus omnibus liberalibus artibus
    a:rtibus iterurn
    non
    modo e:rcursis,
    percursis, sed diligenter eJ(actcque expensis
    xpnss extremam,
    ext:rernarn, ut
    sic
    Sc dica.m, manum imponit et
    p:raecipue
    praecipue mathematicis
    mathematcs erudituJ, quibus
    1 a.lienum
    a.lienun B
    "';unctum
    "';unctun M
    r 2 $iIte) xyst
    x yst".. 0
    ! 6 ration
    ratonc
    .. quadam B
    merito
    q"idem
    q"dem M
    r 7 B,'"rion M
    r 14
    l' "tque
    atque ndundantiam]
    rundantian] redu"dantiarnque
    relu"d_ntia.mque M
    I
    16 rhetQrem) utore
    utorem
    m C r 18 Atticorum
    Att:co",m B
    ethkornm
    ethkorun M
    ) 21 divi"arum
    divi"anm M
    I~p.
    t~p. 1'0'1
    potl
    c:ontemplation" I 23 pa.ecipua
    c:ontempIatione
    pra.ecipua ,.,"
    , ...psi 'l"lle
    qu..., praecipue B
    ut
    u t pa.ecipue
    pra.ecip"" M
    r et nnicaj
    unica]
    M
    " .... ! 21 penpCien.]
    penpicie".] Pn>llpic;.,,,1
    pn>llpCi<!no M
    I 31 quia]
    'I"a] q .. od M
    I 3fi Platoo
    Pl.to>en]
    .....] P1aton
    Platane
    .. M

    ORATlO
    ORO IN
    FUNERE BESSARIONIS.

    .,)7
    '07

    tanto studio incubuit. ut. cum noctes atque dies Ioannem Alexandrinum
    Alexandnum
    in
    Ptolemaeum tra.nscribit.
    tra.nscrbit. eum contraxerit
    contnxerit morbum, quo per omnem
    vitam maximis
    maxims doloribus et periculis
    perieulis laboravit.
    Sie
    Sc igitur Bessario noster de manu. ut aiunt, in manum missus.3.
    5 doctissimus
    doctSSimus atque eIoquentissimus
    eloquentissimus evasit. Et iam volitare per ora
    ora. virum
    doctrinae et virtutum suuum
    suarum prope divinarum
    divnarum fama coeperat,
    coeerat, iam admirationi
    raHo apud Graecos nomen eius
    (' erat et summa auctoritas. Qua moti B
    42"
    clarissimi fratres. quorum unus Byzantii imperator erat. alter Peloponnesum regebat, nascentes inter se discordias eo inteTprete
    ponne~um
    mterprete et medio
    medo
    10composuerunt. Eodem etiam suasore Trapezuntmus
    Trapezuntinus etByzantinus imeratores
    peratores animos. opes. anna
    arma coniungunt adversus imminentem Turcorum impetum. Contendere videbantur hi pncipes
    principes in Bessarione
    omando atque augendo. Nam Byzantinus
    omaudo
    Byza.ntinus Basilii monasterium famae
    gubernandum et ootidianis
    ootidians lectionibus erudiendum ei traditradceleberrimae guhernandum
    16 dit.
    dito Peloponnesii
    Peloponnesi opera
    oera Njcaeflus
    Nicaenus archiepiscopus deligitur, quam appellationem in
    m cognomen
    cogflomen versam perpt:tuo tenuit atque servavit. eum
    Cum
    autem
    autern degraecalatinaque ecclesia coniungenda iterum agi eoeptum
    coeptum esset. M
    101
    quae quingentis fere annis
    anis in
    disceptatione versata fuerat, unus ex omninbus Graecis in Italiam navigantibus ab imperatore et patriarcha univer20 soque doctorum et virorum illustrium numero eligitur, qui eiIls
    eills causae
    et negotii pondus suscipiat.
    suscpiat. Excusavit
    Exeusavit se Nicaenus to
    pro modestia sua
    et rei gravitate atque magnitudine, quoad potuit et licuit.
    Veum eum
    cum primum Ferrariam ventum est . nec excusationibus
    exeusationibus t.
    VelUm
    ullus relictus esset locus. orationem ad suos habuit non
    uIlus
    minus
    m gravem
    25
    ac:curatam quam elegantem et splendidanI,
    splendidam, qua persuadere contendit,
    2l et accuratam
    contend.it.
    ut pacatis animis et rectis sensibus ad veritatis
    veritats cognitionem descenderent. se vero
    rent,
    pro eis et pata,
    patria, quantum liceret, pugnaturum totis
    tots
    ngenii et doctrinae viribus. Quod postea Florentiae contra nostros
    ingenii
    ac:errime disceptando re praestitit usque adeo. ut omnes in
    acerrime
    admirationem
    admirationero
    30 sui st\lporemque
    st\lporernque eonverteret.
    converteret. Plus tanlen
    tamen apud eum
    euro valuit fidei verita.s
    veritas
    quam suonIm
    dsputatione e1oquentia.
    e1oquenta.
    suontm et patriae amor. Finita eninl
    enim disputatione
    sapienta atque auctoritate
    43
    sapientia
    auetoritate sua imperatoris et reliquorum animo,;
    animos B
    dimissis
    dimssis erroribus
    en:oribus ad Latinorum
    Latnorum opinionem et verum ritum profitendum pennovet atque inducit,
    induc:it, praesidente tunc
    tune Romanae
    Romaae et apostolicae
    35 ecclesiae et euro
    cum Romana curia Florentiae agente Eugenio IV, a quo
    Nicaenus noster in
    collegium
    collegum cartlinaliurn
    cardnalium exoptatur. id vel maxime
    maime
    1 Incub"itJ
    Incubit} incumbuit
    ncumbuit 0
    I 4 de manll
    " B
    dem"",
    demm M
    I 6 do ctriuaej
    ctrinaej et
    ct doctIi_
    doctri_
    ..... M
    I 13 monuteriumJ
    monutIiumJ i .. mon"tennm
    mona,.tillm M
    I t .. m
    mae
    .. e B
    ""ne
    une M
    I 14 ccleberrimae
    celebeimae B

    celcberrimam
    cel"beimAm M
    I
    l<'Ction.ibusj
    lcetionibusj M
    <>da.
    <>d/J. ct
    " dispulationibul
    di spuU.tiuibu. J 1$ deligitur B
    deoigno._
    deogn._
    tut
    tur M
    I 11 itctum] M.;....
    .;.... ) 19 Graeci. in
    IlaUa",
    tU.liam navipntiblls]
    nagantb"s] M
    ...... I patriar_
    cha) M.44.
    44. GlUCorUm
    Graceorum I 20 et viTOnlm
    imnM illustIium)
    illurtrium) Mo
    " .... I 29 diseepto.ndo
    dis<ept.udo B
    dispn.
    dillJ"l.
    talldo M
    I 35 et cum Roma
    R>ma .. a curia
    c. Flo .... ntiae
    ntae agentoIj
    agentej M
    ...... I 36 exoptatur B
    cooplalnr
    U.tllr M

    NICOLI
    NICOLAI

    EPISCOPI FIRMANJ
    FIRMANl

    suadentibus Iuliano Caesarino sancti


    saneti Angeli et Dominico
    Dominco Capranieensi
    Caprwicens
    Firmano
    Frmano S. Mariae
    Ma.riae in
    Via lata diaconis, tunc
    tune sanctae
    sanetae Romanae ecclesiae
    ca.rdinalbus. Romani enim
    enm sapientissimi et in omne eum
    eurn eolendi
    colendi merito
    ca.rdinalibus.
    M
    101"
    101''' patres praeclara imprimis
    mprimis eius erga latinam ecclesiam et catholicam
    lidern
    ldem mcrita
    merita coram ocuIos
    oculos habuerunt.
    habuennt. Deinde, ut ex Finnano patroo
    patruo 6
    neo aecepi,
    accepi, quamvis
    quanis de Nicaeno
    Nieaeno suspieandum
    suspicandun esset nihil,
    nibit, eum
    cum omnia ve1
    meo
    tuta, timuerunt,
    tmuerunt, ne tantarum virtutum, tam eulti
    culti animi veI vehenIentis
    vehenlentis
    spiritus vir
    ir in
    Graeciam rediret aliquando
    alquando novarum rerum causa.
    .
    Eius ingcnii
    ingcni dexteritatem atque magnitudinem vel
    hoc uno cemere
    6.
    lieet. Cardinalis
    licet.
    Cardina1is factus mox instituta vitae mutavit et mofC!:;.
    mores. Linguam 10
    vero sive vernacuIam
    vernacuIan sive l.atinam
    Iatinam exprimere
    exprmere vel lurari visus est.
    Homo
    m in Graecia natus et ad grandem usque aetatem in monasteriis
    graecis
    graeeis educatus versa.tusque
    versatusque repente Latinus prodiit.
    Non possum,
    beatissme
    beatissime pater, non
    possum non
    vebementissime
    vebementissme dolere, quod necesse
    sit hos 10005
    Iocos omni
    m cultu
    cullu et splendore orationis et amplificatione
    amplficatione di~ 15
    gnissimos pestringere
    perstringere ac percurrere, nonnullos penjtus
    penitus omittere. Frauda~
    tur perfecto,
    perfeeto, fraudatur Bessario noster veris ac
    ae iustis laudibus, multis
    mt!i
    vigiliis.
    vigili!i. multo
    m labore et sudore compositis. $ed
    $cd videre
    idere videor mussitare
    B
    43"ne5cio
    43"nescio quos et non
    sine stomacho
    stomaeho et atra bili contracta fronte atque
    obdueto superdlio
    obducto
    supercilio de suis
    sus fortasse diffidentes alienas invitos audire 20
    laudes. Quaproptcr
    Quapropter faccssat obsecro invidia,
    invida, absint abeantque odia
    procul, livor
    l saUern
    saltem post facta quiescat.
    .
    In
    dcmortui Eugenii
    Eugemi ]ocunl
    ]ocum sufficitur
    sufficitur Nicolaus V,
    , qui
    ut erat
    6.
    doctissimusetoptimus, bonos amavit et
    doctos. EtNicaenum imprimis
    imprim!i
    earissimum
    carissimum habuit eognoseensque
    cognoscensque hominem
    bominem ad omnia summa natum 26
    2

    mSitque legatum Bononiam


    Boonam tunc
    plurimo etiam honore dignatus est misitque
    tune
    twnultuatione et intestims
    intestnis factionibus
    faetionibus laborantem, immo maxima ac
    ae
    M
    102 recenti caede madentem. Eo
    cum venisset,
    venSset, Nic.aenus
    Nicaenus
    pro incredibili
    ineredibili
    sapientia atque animi
    a.nmi magnitodine
    magnitudine brevi non
    modo
    mod pac.atam
    pacatam urocm
    urbem
    et quietam reddidit, sed eiwem
    ciilem effecit
    efecit et in litterarum et
    honarum
    bonarum 30
    artium s tudia
    tuda mirificc auxit tanto omnium
    omnm amore et observanlia,
    observania,
    u t vivum semper unice amaverint atque coluerint et mortuum, non
    ut

    dubito, ex
    animo doleant defleantque Bononienses,
    Bononienses. quorum precibus
    et opera eHectum
    eHeetum est, ne vivente Nicolao quis ci
    successerit.
    co
    Nicolai morte Romam quam propcre
    propere eontendit
    contendit ad in-35
    in-ar;
    7.
    Cognita vero
    eunda suffragianovis pontificiis
    pontifics comitiis,
    comitiS, et in primoconventu
    primoeonventu atque con~
    eon~
    Capranceai) M.....
    ."".. I
    ..
    e;,.. B
    B

    I
    latinam
    B
    Romanam latinam
    lat:inam__
    1 Capranicenai)
    " ci".
    uB M
    I 6 esset
    _
    fore!
    foret M
    I 6 cum
    ';n B
    ttarn""
    .. men M
    [ 7 "e]
    ne] ne
    ~
    "ide]ket
    I
    qlle M
    B
    ~i B
    .. idelket M
    tam .;lIlt;
    t&m
    Cliiti animi] M
    ."".
    ...... I 8 spiritlls]
    spiritus] M
    atId.
    aId. ot
    clliti
    clllt :
    in~n I &liqu&ndo]
    aliquando] B
    tJiU
    d4 .
    ...
    run [ 11 v~",acllla:n
    maten"
    matefnan
    I 13 non
    on pollrn,
    _. I

    .... rum
    v~",aclilam B
    ..n M
    pIlaurn, bti.sim
    ~tissim .. p.ter.]
    pater.] M.,....
    14 ""h"",entissime
    non.sin .....
    1"
    ""h.""ent:issi ... e B
    vehementer
    heQJeDter M
    118 eumpo,.;tis
    comO,.;tis B
    quaeaitis
    quaeatis M
    119-20 "on.sin
    ... . .
    supercilio]
    slipercillo] M
    .,.,.. 'Zl tll",lI1tll&tiOl]"
    tllDlllltllatione B
    tum
    tllnllltuantem
    llituantem M
    32 ..
    "",",
    iv"", B
    .II'1lDl
    II:.lI.J M

    33 d ..hito
    hO B
    dllhitem
    dllhteD M
    !f I 35
    36 Cogaita B
    NII1It:iata
    NlI1Itiata M

    ORATIO
    ORTIO IN
    FUNERE BESSARIONIS.

    gi essu patnnn
    patrum seniorum praecipue et optimorum iudicio pontifex nominatur. Sed
    Se<! nocte imminente non publcandum
    publicandum eum ad lucem usque fuit
    consilium, ne quid scilicet tumultus ad dubiam
    dubjam vocem
    vo<:em noetu
    noctu
    aliquorum consiliwn,
    Romae oriretur. Ea nocte inversa sunt omnia et mutata consilia,
    consila, et postera
    11 die electus fuit CaJJistus
    CaJljstus IIJ. ltaque
    Itaque sicut
    sjeut Cicero Vatinium vigilantissimum appeIIat
    mwn
    appellat oonsulem,
    oonsuIem. sie
    sic nos, non
    ut ille eavillando,
    cavilIando, Nicaenum nocturnum pontificem
    pontificern dicere possumus maiore nostro et
    ehristianae
    christanae rei B
    44
    publcae
    publicae damno quam suo. Dissimulavit
    Dssimulavit Nicaenus tulitque
    tultque eam rem
    moderato atque fortissimo animo, profectusque parvo post tempore
    tO
    Puteolos curandae valetudinis gratia ab
    a.b Alphonso rege, omnium
    sua.e
    suae
    aetatis praestantssimo,
    praestantissimo, divinis fere honoribus excipitur.
    exciptur. Erat profecto,
    ut alia
    a.lia omittam, egregium atque puIcherrimum
    pulcherrimum spectaIe summos
    summas viros
    et principes
    prindpes honore invicem praevenientes, ingeruo
    ingenio atque virtutequodammodo eertantes
    certantes et prisca.m illam modestiam, gravitatem, dignitatem, M
    102'
    1II
    111 vultum, incessum moribus referentes.
    Callisto seniori vita functo
    funeto successit Pius
    ma.gna
    magna f'loquentia,
    doquentia, maiori 8animo, maxima atque incomparabiH
    incomparabil diligentia praeditus. Is
    , in
    conventu.
    conventu,
    quem celebrem
    celebtem Mantuae habuit, plurimum Nicaeno credidit ac
    ae detulit
    afque eius opera et consilia
    co usus est. Qui Mantua discedens ad Geratque
    tune inter se dissidentes
    dssidentes atque tumultuantes eum lL;eme
    h;eme media
    meda
    2Omanos tunc
    mimt.
    misit.
    Non recusavit labores Nicaenus,
    Nieaenus, non tem.Iit eum asperrima
    aspeima
    hiems
    hems et
    frigidissima regio, non
    glacies,
    gIacies, non
    nives, non
    itineris et
    viarum difficu]tas.
    difficultas, non
    miUe pericula, quibus singulari patienta
    patientia et
    constantia
    constanta supcratis tumultuantes Germanos
    Gemanos biennio quietos effecit
    2l>animavitque
    2I>aninavitque in Turcos et rediens
    e ' ad pontificem Venetias divertit, ubi
    sununa omnium
    laetitia atque honore exceptus
    exeeptus auctor
    auetor est, ne
    Pii
    consilia
    Fanensi oppugnatione pr
    per Venetos impcdiantur.
    imcdantur. Quin
    Qun etiam tantum
    tanturn
    dicendo et agendo
    agenda eonsecutus
    consecutus est.
    est, ut, quod antea inauditum
    inauditurn fuit, B
    44~
    dux Venetorum eum
    cum nobilitate fere omni
    Anconam naviget ad Pium
    30 magna aggressum, mai(lra
    naiora animo meditantem. Quem in
    ll Turcos accinc
    aeeinctum et
    iam iam ventis dare vela
    . volentem (cum,
    (eum, eircumstantiis)
    circumstantiS)
    dixerim
    dxerim sic
    sie exigentibus,
    exigentibus. mof'S
    mors e medio sustulLo:.set.
    sustulLo:.set, d ux eum
    cum elasse
    classe
    et
    cardina1es l'eliqui
    Romam,
    suis Venetias, Nieaenus
    Nicaenus vero et cardinales
    I'eliqui repetunt Romam.
    ut novis pontliiciis
    pontificiis comitiis
    comitis suffragia ineant. 111
    In quibus Paulus II

    36 ereatur,
    creatur, constans vir et dignitatis
    dgnitatis apostoIicae
    apostolicae sedis ac
    ae iurium
    uum Romanae
    ecclesiae eonservator
    conservator tenaeissimus.
    tenacssimus. Apud quem.
    quem, ut tu, beatissime pater.
    pater,
    1 prucipo".
    prucipu". <>t
    <t optimo
    optino ..... ",J M
    _
    _.. I 01.., poeten. B
    Je4uenti M
    I I)
    ) vigil
    vig .... t;ssimum]
    nochrD.llm ! (; IIt
    U1t) MI";.
    po.1 Nc:&eo'"
    Nic:&enll'" ! nocturnu""
    nocturnum M
    num] M
    4411.
    "l. nocturnum
    ut Ult]
    ";.
    ""'. I
    9 moo"rato
    parvo p;t
    post temporeJ
    _. I 12 ut
    noo"rato atquo] M
    _.
    _ . I &
    temoreJ M
    ""'.
    al;"
    ;" ....,itta.m]
    ..... itt&n]
    M
    __ I Egregium
    ""'.
    EgreslD profocto et1I
    er t wp . M
    I 19 Qui B
    QuiD. M
    I 21 I&bouI
    I&bou B
    I&bor .... M
    I 22 itinem
    itinuls B
    iti,,~rum M
    I 29 V""etorufD.
    ""etru B
    V_tiaram
    V_ti&ran M
    I 30--32
    30---32 "'&pa
    "'&&
    . . auatulioeetj
    allatlioeet] M
    ""'_,
    _" fllD 1<> I bi mortuo
    nortuo Pio

    ."

    NlCOLI
    NlCOLAI

    EPIscopr FIRMANI
    PIRMNI

    M
    103 nosti,
    $, Nicaenus multum
    muItum va1uit
    valuit auctoritate
    aucttate et gratia. Verum ingravescente senio et morbis
    nIorbis ad honestum
    honesturn otium sese referre
    statuit.
    9.
    Reversus itaque in
    gratiam veterum amicorum et minime
    mnime fallentium, hoc est librorum,
    lbrorum, multa a se olim exgraecislatina etgraecaex latinis
    rodia, muita
    multa et
    imperfe<:ta
    imperfecta coIJigit,
    colJigit, emendat, 5
    facta, multa excogitata rudia,
    emittit. Ex
    quibus
    quibU$ aIiqua subnectam: Laudationes scilicet
    seilicet duas patriae
    suae Trapezuntis et Isthmi.
    I sthmi. Tres consolationes ad Graccorum
    Graecorum imperatomperato
    rem de uxoris obitu. Basilii Magni
    vitam et
    eiusdem orationes dccem.
    Socratem
    Socatem. Xenophontis.
    Xenophonts. Aristotelis metaphysica. Ciceronis Catonem
    et Tuseulall8.S
    Tusculatas quaestiones. Refutationem Mard
    Marci Ephesini, qui de spiritu 10
    sancto maIe
    ma1e sentiens in
    Latinos libellum
    libcllum evomerat. Scripsitdeeucharistia,
    ScripsitdeeuclIaristia.
    de ritu sacrificiorum, super dicto evangelii .Sic eum
    eurn "010 manere.,
    de discordia.
    discordia inter
    inte orienta.lem
    orientalem et occidenta1em
    occidentaIem ecclesia.m,
    ecclesiam, quinque
    qunque
    B
    4Spra.eterea
    4Spraeterea librosinPlatonisphilosophiae
    JibrosinPlatonisphilosophiae laudem et unum, utunl
    utrum natura
    et ars consilio
    eo$lo agatur, quos scio
    selo te, beatissme
    beatissime pater, accuratissime
    accuratSSme 15
    aIiquando legisse et laudasse vehementer atque probasse. Eos
    a1iquando
    os qui legerit,
    modo philosophos, sed quicquid usque
    liquide perspiciet Nicaenum non
    est librorum, evoluisse atque annotasse. Taceo epistularum et orationum
    oratonum
    egregia atque ingentia volumina et reliqua
    relqua complura,
    cornplura, tam
    tarn p-aece
    paece quam
    latine, tanta elegantia, doctrina ct
    ! artificio conscripta,
    conseripta, ut grdeca
    gt"'deca legens 20
    Athenis, latina vero media eum
    eurn suburra natum edoctwnque
    edoctunque iure
    existimet.
    existmet. Sed haec hactenus.
    10.
    Tempus enim me admonet et festinare cogit ad ga.llic:lm
    gaIlicarn legationem.
    legatonem.
    Quam quidcnt
    quidem cum maiore animo
    anmo quam viribus suscepisset, senex et
    plUbus
    pluribus affectus morbis mutare consilium
    consilum cogitur. Delatus ergo snorum
    slIorum 25
    lacertis in
    senatum
    senaturn te, beatissime
    bcatissime pater, non
    solum mi,;erante,
    nli,;erante, sed suadente legationem renuit, vobis etiam
    etiarn patribus commiserantibus et assentientibus suseeptae
    susceptae legationis munere re ipsa et lacrimis potus
    potius quam oraOJ'3,tone se excusat. Sed cum
    curn litteris
    ltteris regiis quam amplissimis
    arnplissimis et
    summae spei

    tione
    M
    l03
    103~ plenis denuo accerseretur, maluit experiri, an
    a extremo spiritu aliqua 30
    ex parte reipublicae
    reipublcae christianae prodesse posset, quam a ccrto vitac
    discrimine aufugere videretur. lvii
    Ivit igitur, beatissme
    beatissime pater, ivit
    iit cum
    aIiqua ad regem perveniendi spe, nulla
    a1iqua
    nuUa revertendi. Refertur senex
    mille morbis paene eon{ectus
    confectus per a1tissimas
    altissimas Alpes et asperriaspei
    invalidus et Dlille
    35
    mos montes. Quibus tandem vi
    animi superatis totam Galliarum
    Galliaum longitun- 35
    dinem penneat profectus ad Venetos usque et extremum
    extremurn Oceani litus,
    Iitus,
    4-:i ex graocis
    ac.:;,. . _ . ;mpe,fccU-J
    impedccta} M
    ......
    ......., 9"" 10<0
    cooscriptA
    cooKP.a. I 6 al;qua
    aliqua B
    ""I
    ve!
    pauca. M
    I &-10 Builii
    Buij . . . qua""tiones)
    qua""tiOlI e] M
    ...... I 10 Ephes;o
    Ephesioi; B
    liphesii
    lipheii M
    I
    11-13 Scripsit . . . ecciuiam]
    eccluiam] 0;
    .. ,.".y~.
    _. I 14-15 et
    fit Ullum .. agatur]
    ; ..
    ",. M
    ......
    ag"'tu,]
    o ; .. "'''''I.
    "''''''. Mo
    .... I 15 UM
    ~ t.-f>. jJ,
    /t<JsI accuratiMime
    &CCu r,tiMi",e I 1$-22
    13-Z2 epistularllm
    epstuIanm .
    . .. ..
    _.,., i''''' I~o
    ..... B
    h&ctenUI] M
    ""'
    ~o reHqua I 23 me admonet
    ",dmoret "t)
    "t] Mo
    .... I 2"
    24 quam
    qua.m quid
    quidem.

    eam
    cam '1uid=
    quidem M
    1 27 leptionem
    legationetn retluit
    retut M)
    ] B
    ......
    <H. I
    27-29 susceptae
    ssceptae . . . excuu.t)
    CXCUDt]
    M
    _. J 30 denuo B
    paro
    parvo post tempore
    temp>re M.
    . I 35 G.tHanlm
    GatHanm B
    GaUi
    Galli .... M

    ORATI0 IN
    FUNERE BltSSARIONIS.
    nltSSARIONIS.

    '11

    ubi a rege honorificentissime suscipitur. Ad quem Nicaenus


    Nieaenus legatus
    orationem
    oationem habuit acutam,
    aeutam, sueulentam,
    sucentam, dignitatis
    dgnitatis et artificii
    artifie plenam, B
    45~
    sanetitatis
    sanctitats vestrae et senatus mandata oontinentem. Quam rex benigne
    audiit et admiratus paulo post discedens: Hic.
    Hie, inquit, nescio quid supra
    11 hominem habere videtur. Digna poofe<:to
    profe<:to vox
    atque verissima.
    verissina.
    Erat enim in

    N icaeno praeter doctrinam illam et
    ct excellentem eloquen- 11.
    tiam summus ac paene eaelestis
    caelestS animi vigor.
    vgor. quem eminentes oculi
    oeull duo
    lucidissima sidera prae se ferebant. Erat veneranda eanities,eratlata
    canities,eratlata 100ns
    Irons
    et regium supercilium.
    supereilium. Eratdenique facies tota maiestatis pIena
    plena et imperio
    10 dignissima. Neque enim minusoorporis
    minusoorporS pulchritudine quam mentis clanclaritate reliquos
    rellquos superabat. Accedebat
    Aecedebat et gravitas
    gratas actionum
    aetionum eum
    cum venustate
    et deoore maximo, ut, si taceret, si loqueretur.
    loqueretur, si staret, si ambularet.
    ambularet,
    denique quicquid ageret, erat iaude
    lande et admiratione
    adiatione dignum.
    dgnun!. Caerimonias
    Caemonias M
    100a
    ecclesiae
    ecclesae et rem divinam
    dinam nemo umqIam
    umquam accuratius,
    aecuratius, nemo le<:it decentius.
    15 Magnificus
    Magnifcus sane
    saue et splendidus in vestibus et singulis ad rem sacram
    pertnentbus,
    pertinentibus, nec
    nee minus in libris.
    Jibris. Graecorum et latinorum
    Latinorum bibliothecam
    bibliotheeam
    numerosissimam
    numeo.sSsimam atque n
    nobilssimam
    obilissimam summo
    summa studio et impensa oomparatarn reljquit.
    para.tam
    reliquit. Collapsas vel ruinae proximas sacras aedes et templa
    eomplura,
    complura,
    ut hoc ipsum sanctissimis
    sanetissimis apostolis dedicatum
    dedieatum et in
    Sabinis
    SabinS
    2Oepiscopium,
    2Oepscopium. in
    n Tusculano decimo ab urbe miliario graecum beatae
    Mariae
    Maae ad Cryptam ferratam
    ferra.tam - sie
    sic enim
    eninI vocant - monasterium
    moasteriun! reparavit,
    instauravit, restituit, donavit
    doavit praeterea OI1\atis,
    onatis, vasis
    ass aureis atque
    argenteis et purpureS
    purpureis eoccineisque
    coccineisque pretioss
    pretiosis vestibus multo
    muIto auro atque
    argento intertextis. Domum suam academiam
    academam rectius quis dixerit tot B
    46
    25 tanti.sque
    tantisque ingeniis
    ingenis utriusque linguae gnaris
    gnaS ac
    ae peritissimis in omni
    litternrum genere viris
    V!> refertam atque omatam. lngenuos
    Ingenu08 namque et
    doctos amabatNicaenus, nec
    nee in
    penitiorem ad familiaritatem admittebat
    Disi
    nisi ingenio,
    ngenio, doctrina et moribus
    n!obus egregios atquepraestantes. Hebetes, tar~
    dos et ventri ac
    ae somno deditos
    dedit08 tamquam igna vum pecus et Epicuri degrege
    30 porco8
    porcos a praesepibus,
    ut sic
    sie loquar, arcebat nec quoquo pacto
    paeto eiusmodi
    ventris animaIia, quibus - proh Defas
    nefas - plena est Romana euria,
    curia, videre
    idere
    et pati poterat. Nec minus abhorrebat delatores.
    delatores, susurrores, rumigerunmigen
    ]08,
    los, adulatores, quos
    qu08 venenum et pestem euriae
    curiae apJX1Uabat.
    appclJabat. FrugoJior
    Frug::J.or
    an
    a munificentior
    muificentior fuerit,
    fuet, Demo
    nemo facHe
    facile iudicaret.
    iudiearet. Nam exeellentiam
    excellentam illam
    35 animi omnia vel summa et immoderata appetentem eontinentia
    continentia et
    moderatione maxima
    maxma refrenabat. Convivabatur vellaute vel frugaliter M
    l03a'
    habita personarum ratione. Interedendum sacra semper Ie<:tio resonabat.
    Post sumptos eihos
    cibos disputabatur assidue et pleru.mque
    plerumque de divinis
    dinis
    2 acutam
    aclltam 11{ ...... I dignitati$1
    dgntat$1 11{ _ . J :I
    : vesl
    ..... B
    tuu
    11{
    I :; profecto B

    certa 11{ J 1 ac
    _.. pacn"
    pacne cul
    cUlesti'J
    ...ti'J 11{
    0 ....
    .... I 15 .ingaH.
    singuh B
    OIDllem
    omllem B
    J 19 complura B

    quam
    qUSDl
    plura
    .. 11{ J 19.......J,!1 et ;"
    in S&binis
    S.bini ..
    . . . monasterium]
    monasterum] 11{ _ . J 22 omatis
    olatis B

    O'l
    O'lnsvitque
    .. avitque y:
    J 23--U
    23--24 Dlulto
    multo ... ;nterted;&
    intertexti& M
    _. I 30 quoquo
    quoqllO B
    quo quam
    qusm 11{
    J
    34 rnunilicentior
    rn""ilcentior B
    ma811;nr.ntior
    nagninr.ntor 11{

    412

    NlCOLAl EPJSCOPI FIRMANl


    FIRMANI

    rebus. Disputatione finita


    Cinita. eonvival>
    conviva... mim
    ra quadam comitate et oris
    os
    serenitate domum dimittebat hilares atque laetos. Ipse vero in
    eubicubieulum
    culn reversU$
    reversus 1ibros
    libros sumebat in
    manibus. Es tu, beatissime pate,
    pater,
    es tu vel
    locupletissimus
    locupletSSimus testis.
    t estis. Quare eum
    cum venia dic,
    die, obsecro, dic:
    die:
    Vidistine umquam Nicaeni
    Nieaeni manus librorum
    librorom vacua.s
    vaeuas?? Vidistine umquam :;
    hominem otiosum, et
    non
    aut
    < rei divinae aut litteris
    l! operam
    operan navantem, quando a publicis negotiis atque necessariis
    ne('ess~ri.s vacandum erat?
    erat ?
    Opera earitatis
    caritat.s et
    misericordiae quis Nieaeno
    Nicaeno aut libentius 1Iut
    ilut frequentius
    aut liberalius
    lbcralius exercuit? Quis elemosinas
    e1emosinas pleniore manu
    rnanu et
    plerumque
    tacita elargitus est? Quis eaptivos
    captivos e barbarorum et Turcorum manibus 10
    grandiori
    g8.JJdiori pecuna
    pecunia redernit
    m?? Religiosa
    Relgiosa loca et
    personas quis arnavit,
    amaVt,
    fovit,
    foVt, auxit enixius? Quis pupil1os,
    pupillos, viduas et
    reliquos
    relquos iniuria affectos
    vel
    vi oppressos ardentius iuvit,
    \ , defendit, tuta.tus
    tutatus est? Quis erga
    erga. bonos
    et dodos
    doctos liberalior
    liberalior?? Quis {uit
    fiit gratior?
    gaO? Quis erga a.micos
    arnicos benevoientior?
    benevolentior?
    Quis eurn
    cum eis iucundior
    iueundior?? Quis eum
    omnibus et gravior et prodentior?lIi
    prodentior? 16
    Quis libertatis
    lbertatis eedesiastieae
    e:lesiastcae et publici iuris acrior
    aerior et amator et pop~
    propugnator? Quis liberiores
    beres et
    ! graviores
    gaiores in senatu sententias dixit umquam?
    Denique iuxta apostoli sententiam eum
    omnibus omnia
    m. factus

    faetus est . Et
    M
    104 in
    n eo erat maximus, in quo versabatur et
    ingenium intendebat.
    ntendebat.
    12.
    Redeo nune
    ad regem
    fatalent non
    modo20
    mod20
    regern et gallicam
    gallicarn legationem, fatalem
    Nieaeno, sed Jegatis
    Njcaeno,
    Jegats omnibus, quos Romani pontifices Xisti nomen
    nacti
    Galliam rniserunt.
    miseInt. Nicaenus ergo legatus,
    Iegatus, etsi pIurimum
    naeti in
    plurimum honom
    honoris
    atque venerationis sibi tL rege et
    suis inlpendcrehlr,
    npendcretur, pIuribus
    pluribus tarnen
    ta.men ex
    causis properandum in
    ltaIiam
    ltaliam et sanctitatem tuam, beatissme
    beatissime pater,
    adeundam ratus missionem
    missionern a rege ,
    petit, impetrat, revertitur. Et
    cum25
    Ravcnnam devenisset,
    condita.m, exarcbatus
    devenisset. vetustam urbem a Graecis conditam,
    exarchatus
    caput,
    capIt, ad domicilium
    domieilium plurimonffi
    plurimorom sanctorum, veteres morbi, quibus
    quiescendum in Galliis
    Galls agens praedixerat,
    oi eum
    praedixerat. supervenientesque novi
    oorripiunt, torquent, erueiant.
    corripiunt,
    cruciant. Et
    eum
    cum de salute sua desperatum
    desperaturn cognacognosceret,
    saeerdote eccata,
    peccata, quod ei
    5Ceret, accito sacerdote
    paene quotidianum
    quotdianum erat, con-SO
    conSO
    fitetur, sacramenta
    sac:ramenta parari iubet, parata mu1tis
    multis laerimis
    lacrimis atque suspiriis
    suspiris
    indigm,lm sc clamitans, reum, peccatorem,
    indign1,lm
    peecatorern. ingrntum,
    ingrntum. impium,
    impium. scelestum
    B
    46" et omnibus flagits
    fug obrutum
    obrotum pt,
    petit, su!;Cipit
    suscipit praecipitatque deferri
    defei se
    in aulam
    aularn atque reserari fores,
    ut Iiber
    lOO esset omnibus accessus.
    ac!ssus. Hic

    venerabundus senelliectulo
    sene'l.lectulo accumbens
    acculnbens eunctis
    cunctis flentibus
    nentibus et
    admirantibus 3$
    tantam constantiam
    oonstantiam atque maiestatem vultu et manu si1entiurn
    silentium indidt
    indicit
    conversusque ad familiam,
    famJiam, quam maestanI,
    rnaestam, lllgubrem,
    lugubrem, squalore
    squalor e plenam
    et parente orbatam ac
    ae tui sacri
    saC nominis opem
    opern atque clementiam implorantern. beatissime ater,
    plorantem,
    pater, ad tuos
    tuas sacros pedes prostratam cernis,
    veniam petiit, si quid asperius aliquando in
    eam
    earn vel di"isset
    dbdsset vel fecisset,
    feeisset, 40
    M
    trf>. post
    petit B
    petlit M
    Irf>.
    posI " Tat I 21> .
    pett
    I 'E1
    '1 dOalkilium
    doukilium
    devetlisset
    d""""su.t M
    trp. po<l
    po" sanct.onlm
    ancton I 27-28 quibus ..
    . . p ..... dixe
    dXerat]
    .....tl rat
    ......
    ,,*.
    7 atqu"
    atq""

    ,,~rii.
    ,,~ri.

    ORATIO IN
    FUNERE BESSARIONIS.
    nES$ARIONIS.

    413

    vel si quid
    qud durius
    duus sua causa erpessa
    perpessa fotet.
    foret. Deinde, quibus maxime
    potuit,
    verbs conso1atus
    potuit. verbis
    consolatus est. Postremo conversus ad omnes eam se
    fidem tenere, quam apostoli praedicaverant
    ptaedicaverant et catholici
    catholci ac sancti patres
    dcx:reverant. professus est. Symbolumque expressit ad verbum hortatus
    dcx:reverant,
    50mnes,
    ut in
    ea tide vf'l
    Vf'l sola verissima atque optima et vivere et mori
    m
    veUent. Et cum deficere se sentiret,
    vellent.
    sentiret. adorata deosculataque Christi
    Christ
    Sala.toris nostri
    os crucifixi
    crucifxi imagine flens
    Salvatoris
    Uens ct suspirans inquit: Iustus es,
    Domine, et rectum iuJicium tuum . Tu
    tamen
    tarnen pius et
    el misericors
    msericors ne
    memineris iniquitatum mearum. Et
    eum
    cum hac voce ilIusirem
    ilIustrem illam
    10 animam
    anmam ac sublimem spiritum
    spi tum in
    caelum emisit maiore Christianorum
    damno
    danno quam suo. lUico
    Illico non
    modo
    mod domus, sed civitas omnis fletibus,
    ululatu et clamoribus
    cJam.oribus completur, Nicaenum cunctis accIamantibus et
    eiusnomen laudibus in caelum
    quibus vel praecipui
    ca.elum tollentibus. In
    ptaecipui fuerunt
    nobiles Veneti, qui partim privato officio,
    oficio, partim publico ad eum
    16 venerant. Ii videntes irruentem turbam suis humeris elatum cotpus
    corpus
    in
    episcopiwn detuierunt,
    detuletunt, praebueruntque suis omnibus deosculandum
    atque venerandum.
    At vos
    quid ammo
    animo volutatis, Quirites,
    Qutes, -quorum maioreset veteres 13.
    im,
    i1Ii, quos iure ac merito
    met tantopere
    tantoere iaudamus,
    laudamus, extoUimus, admiramur,
    20 non
    solum Tu1lio
    l Cluilio,
    Cluilio. Ludo
    Lucio Roscio,
    Roscio. Spurio Antio
    et C. Fulcillio,
    FuIciIio,
    legatis
    populi Romani a Larte Tolumnio Veientum rege caesis,
    caess. sed
    C. Octavio
    Octaio Laodiceae in
    gymnasio a quodam Leptine interfecto statuas
    in
    n rostris solvere,
    solere, Servio etiam Sulpicioad
    Sulpidoad M.
    . Antonium
    Antoniurn reipublicae
    reipublCae hostern
    hostem
    declaratum misso et, antequam ad eum pervenisset, vi
    morbi oppresso
    25 pubIici
    publici funens
    funeris impensam
    irnpensam atque honorem et in
    campo Esquilino sepulcri
    locum liberis
    lberis posterisque eius Cicerone suadente
    suaden te addiderunt - cwn
    pro
    dignitate atque amplitudine
    ampltudine summi viri,
    , tum quia.
    quia senex et
    el infirmo
    fractoque corpore
    cotpote senatus populique Romani auctoritatem
    auctorita.tem potius quam
    suam suorumque voluntatem
    voluntatern secutus
    secuus ad certum paene et manifestum M
    106
    30 interitum tamquam
    tarnquam Amphyraus ille in fabulis proficisci maluit, quam
    abbates, B
    salutis suae et vitae
    tae rationem habere? Quid et vos
    os religiosi,
    relgosi, abbates.
    47
    episcopi, arehiepiscopi, quid, inquam, agitis, qui consilium.
    consilium, tute1am,
    tutelam,
    praesidium, parentem denique amisistis
    a.misstis vestrum? Quid
    Qud vos
    os amplissimi
    amplssimi
    atres
    patres et domini.
    domini, qui sacri vestri
    vest senatus atque collegii principem,
    35 decus,
    deeus, omamentum,
    omamE:fitum, maiestatem }>f:rdidistis?
    perdidistis? Quid plura? Cecidit corona
    capitis vestri, delituit,
    deltuit, occubuit, occidit fulgentissimum illud sidus,
    :; vel I<>la
    .a B
    omnium
    .. M
    I 6 Chri.ti
    Chriati BJ
    ]
    Mo ... I 7
    7 crucifiIti
    croelli.' no.tri S&lvatoris
    S&lvaOri
    . M
    I
    10 Cbristianorum]
    ....,.
    <d. omnium
    tl ~
    os I
    J2 ululatu
    ] et
    ululatun:r.
    I

    Irj>.
    Cbristianorumj M
    ~t nostro
    ulu!atu B]
    et ..
    Iulatum M
    15 e!atum
    elatun:r. B
    elevatum M
    I 15
    :; euia
    .u_ B]
    ] M
    .,.,..
    olvere] M
    _.
    ""'. I ~0-23
    ~O-23 DQtI 80Ium
    oolum . . .. solvere]
    ""'.
    f_ 1OJ
    loeo legatis
    populi Roma"i
    Roma,,; inted""u..
    interleeti3 et satu
    su.tu ... in
    tl rootris pouere
    posuere I 20 Tullio
    TuUio
    Clu
    ilioj Tullo
    1l0 Livio
    Livo B
    I FulcinioJ
    Fulcino] F\llminio B
    I 21 LarteJ
    Larte] Laerte B
    I Tolumllio]
    "]
    CI.. ilio]
    ToIon"o B
    I V""",tum]
    I 23-U
    "";Ublkae ...
    .,.,..
    _. I
    ToIon"io
    V""mtum] V~getltum B
    23-24 "";pubUcae
    . . . d""Iaratu",]
    deelaratu",] M
    26 eius B
    auJ.a
    _uJ.a M
    J
    31 vo.]
    .] M
    ...u
    ....,.. curial'"
    .;:wia.\!.

    414 NICOLI
    NlCOLAI EPISCOPI FIRMANI ORATIO IN
    Ft.JNERE
    FUNERE BESSARIONIS.

    quod vos
    os honestabat, irradiabat,
    iradiabat, omabat. Tu
    vero, beatissime pater.
    pater,
    dligenter, pone omnes in
    trutina. In
    oonsidera, obsecro, eircumspice
    circumspice diligenter,
    dieam et grave; clicam
    dieam tamen
    tarnen eum
    cum bona venia,
    vidiosum erit, quod clicam
    quod verum existimo.
    ]labebas
    Non habebas superiorem, non
    habebas Nicaeno
    virtutibus parem. Plura volentem me dieere
    dcere manantes
    rnanantes lacrimae,
    laerimae,
    ut 5
    prohibet. Quam
    Quarn ob rern itaque finem
    linern dicendi
    videtis, et oppressa vox
    faciam.
    11.
    Paucis
    miseriarn atque humanam condicionem
    oondicionem deplorare
    Faucis autem miseriam
    oogitationes, quam
    quarn inania
    inana
    Iiceat. Heu, heu, quam vanae sunt hominum cogitationes,
    lieeat.
    mortalium
    Nicae-l0
    mortaliurn consilia, quam incerti rerum exitus. DeferebatuT modo Nieae-l0
    per oppida, civitates, provincias, regna sublimis et venerabundus,
    nus peT
    quem popul,
    populi, nationes, principes, reges observabant,
    obserabant, eolebant,
    colebant, venerabantur. Nunc
    Nune - proh dolor - exanimis, mox vemJibus
    vemIibus esca futums
    futurus
    iacet. Hic
    Hie ergo nobis, patres optimi, hie
    hic exemplo sit, quam fallax,
    quam fragi1is,
    fragilis, quam misera et eaduea
    caduca sit haec, qua vivere dieimur,
    dcimur, vita.
    vita.15
    15
    M
    106~ Quare per viscera.
    viscera misericordiae
    misericordae Iesu Christi, qui
    proprio nos sanguine
    redemit, omnes rogo, 000, obsecro, obtestor, ut aIiquando
    aliquando contemptis
    illecebrs voIuptatum.
    voluptatum, cxplosis effugatisque vitiis,
    s, eliminatis
    eliminats
    expulsisque illecebris
    sceleribus atque flagitiis
    flagitis oonvertamur
    convertamur ad Dominum Deum nostrum,
    qui solus
    501us ex nihilo
    nihi10 nos fedt,
    fecit, solusque vitae et mortis
    morts imperium ac 20
    potestatem habet atque beare nos
    potestatenl
    os solus potest. Hunc
    Hune amemus, hune
    hunc
    possibilia, salutaria
    audiamus,
    hunc sequamur, huie
    huic iusta, honesta, possibila,
    audiarnus, hune
    denique praecipicnti
    praecipienti obtemperemus, pareamus, ingrediamur,
    ngrediamur, prosequamurque rectum probitatis et virtutis iter. Studeat unusquisque in
    sua vocatione iuste, pie, easte,
    caste, pure atque innocenter vivere, ut, cum 25
    ultima dies finisque vitae
    itae advenerit, pur,
    puri, mundi, eandidi
    candidi atque expediti ad superos evolemus, ubi eum
    cum lueidissimis
    luciclissims atque sanetissimis
    sanctissims
    spiritibus gloriae oonditoris
    oonditoS assistentes beatissime aevo sempiterno
    fruamur.
    2 obse<:ro B
    oro M
    \ 3 et grave] M
    ...... I] 5 m:.naotes B
    meruantea
    meruantee M
    I]
    8 autem B
    CommllDem
    commlloem M
    I 21
    21 h.&bet
    bet D habeos M
    J 26 dif,.
    df,. BM
    die 0
    I] 28 aevo

    MI
    C '"'".
    0110. I
    29 fruarnur) M
    adil.
    aLl. d;x;.
    dixj.
    B

    BESSARIONIS

    EPISTOLAE.
    Saunlung von
    vo Bessarions Briefen hat es bis jetzt nicht ge
    ge~
    Eine Sarrunlung
    geben. Wohl hat Bessarion selber damit begonm:n,
    begonnen, indem er einmal
    d.ie Briefe aus seiner frheren
    friheren Zeit (Ep.
    (.1-1)
    l-tZ) und nochmals einige, die
    die
    hauptschlich die Vermehrung seiner Bibliothek
    Biblothek betrafen (Ep.
    (. 30-35),
    hauptsii.chlich
    handschriftlich
    handschriftlch zusammenstellte. Auch die drei in
    der griechischen
    Pnzen des
    VoIkssprache geschriebenen Briefe an die Bediensteten der Prinzen
    Volkssprache
    Palaologenhauses (Ep.
    (. 59""-61)
    59""--l) sind gelegentlich in einer Handschrift
    Palaiologenhauses
    der Pariser
    Paser Sordes Escurial vereinigt. Ebenso hat W. Fichet von
    Briefwechsel mit Bessarion (s. unten S. 554) zusammenbonne seinen
    scinen BriefwechseI
    675-746
    getragen. Was Druckausgaben anlangt, hat Migne PG 161, 67'5-746
    einige Stcke
    auch Bessarions
    Stiicke gesammelt herausgegeben, wozu er
    Grieche, den Katalog seiner
    sener Bibliothek
    Biblothek nebst Reden
    Enzyklika an die Griechen,
    zhlte, die nicht hierher gehren.
    gehOren. Der
    erBessarions und anderer zii.hlte,
    Hegt vor
    bei E.
    . Legrand, Cent--dix
    Cent-x
    wii.hnte
    whnte Briefwechsel mit Fichet liegt
    lettres de Fr. Filelfe. Paris 1892, .223--2&).
    p.223-2&). Es handelt sich also
    nur um Ansitze
    Anstze zu
    einer Sammlung. 1m
    Im allgemeinen
    al1gemeinen liegen Bessarions
    n Handschriften von
    vo Bibliotheken und Archiven.
    Briefe weit zerstreut in
    snd sie auch gedruckt in
    alten Ausgaben oder in
    n Zeit
    Teilweise sind
    irgendwelchen
    jrgendwelchen DarsteUungen.
    schriften oder als Beigaben zu
    Darstellungen. Zumeist
    erreichen.
    errechen.
    sind sie schwer zu
    .
    - es sind teils Privatbriefe persnlichen,
    Die Bedeutung der Briefe
    persnlichen,
    SchriItsticke
    literarischen und phi1osophischen
    philosophischen Inhalts, teils amtliche Schriftstcke
    und Berichte - rechtfertigen eine Ausgabe aller erreichbaren Stcke.
    Sticke.
    Vie1es gebe ich hier erstmals heraus; anderes berets
    Vieles
    bereits Gedrucktes ist
    bearbeitet; einige Stcke
    Sticke habe ich von

    nach den Handschriften neu


    anderen Ausgaben ibemommen,
    bernommen, weil sie hier nicht fehlen durften und
    schwer zugnglich
    zugang1ich sind. Der Tatbestand ist unten jeweils
    auch nur
    niher angegeben. Fr
    Fir die Reihenfolge empfahl sich die chronologische
    nher
    Vollstiindig v.ird
    Samm1ung nicht sein; denn sicher hat
    Ordnung. Vollstndig
    wird die Sammlung
    Bessao noch mehr Briefe
    geschrieben, und gewi
    gev.iB liegen davon auch
    Bessarion
    noch weitere irgendwo in
    Bibliotheken und Archiven verborgen. Einige,
    Enige,
    registriert habe, konnte ich mir nicht beschaffen. Von
    andie ich nur
    Persnlichkeiten sind einige Briefe ebenfalls hier aufgenommen,
    deren Persnlichkeiten
    weil sie mit Bessarions Briefen in
    engem Zusammenhang stehen.

    41.
    41G

    BESSARIONI S

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    Ep.3.
    .3. Der Brief oetzt Z..uti4!:kcitcD
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    j33, fol.
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    EPISTOLAE
    EPISTOLE .

    '23

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    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

    .27

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    Ep.8.
    .8. BunrioD
    Be r;OD bek
    bek1est
    I -t .;ch.
    .ich. da6
    dU} ihm
    iho Nikephorol et......
    ........ vethelmlicht
    verheimlicht hat>e,
    habe.,
    ....
    woon
    ovon der h"I
    ;&.~
    ......~ irt
    Jrro:~Y und !'-On6,,),;
    <6,,)'; (1lcher
    (Iieher Gemistce)
    Geoitce) ......
    wllBte.
    Bte. Doch wolle er ihm
    b.n
    en Vertrauen
    Vertraucn bclwahre:.
    .. ....
    war
    Ahl<uOt . B
    Be"-on,
    aei.n
    bewah ...... _ N;kephomCheil
    NikephomACheilu
    ar filrsWcher
    filrstlicher Abl<uolt.
    .... rioll, der
    ihD
    ho d&uemd
    d&ucmd oochI.b:te,
    clI.t.:te, Denut
    De!ut ihu """hmal3
    """hnai3 in
    ; Ep.
    . 2:l
    22 (unten
    (e! S.4(9).
    De"<
    Oe"< bisher Doeb IIngedruckte
    lIgedrucl<te Brief in
    IIbullele
    IIberlIele rt : Venedi
    Venedig,
    Cod.
    Cod.. Marc.
    M.a.rc, gr.
    gr,

    '3-'3

    '33,
    '33. 101.
    '3-'3 v.
    .

    EP1STOLAE.

    43.

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    Ep.9.
    .9. B.,.ndon
    B" rlon hek!gt
    """. deo ochon
    chon lange
    ang., von.unuoebendeo
    vo.u.~uobendell Tod
    od Hin<s
    ene5 ehe!IlI.ligen
    !!U.ligen Leb
    Lehren.
    ......... d
    duaen
    _
    Namll1l
    .... 11 e:r n.icbt
    nicht oeOllt;
    oeot; .ber
    aber es
    8S wird s icb
    ich k.I
    bum "
    uDl einell
    eineIl aod_
    ......
    baDdoln
    deln als
    um deo En:N.. bO
    bol voo.
    VOll SeLymbria.
    SeLymbri.. dein
    den er
    '" Ut!e"-'
    uitle"-' eiAboMl
    eihotor. Allde nken bowabrt hat.
    bat. V,I.
    l. el.i
    Nieo).' ep. J!'inna.ni
    J!'ira.ni Aeta \.Q 111_ B ..i0n.i6 e. 2. Hier waiJI
    _.,;. er io"
    Nioe
    Poranlicbkeit.
    uo<l oelne
    ........
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    e;o" Gelebraml<eit
    GeIebraml<et "nd
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    deD EinfluB
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    .dig . Cod. M
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    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

    44'

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    14. Ben.rion
    B .. ro CardInalh
    Cardlnalh
    Capltulo. Clnonlels
    CnonltIs et
    tf. CapcIIanII
    Clpcllanl.
    Eecleslae
    EttleIae Duodedm Apoltolorum
    Apostolorm de
    . Urbe.

    Quoniam effrenata
    effrel1ata hominum cupiditas et noxius
    !> appetitus semper
    sempel'
    ~ ad ma1um
    malum $ua
    5ua labilitate declinans, nisi sub iul'is
    !) et rationis regu1a
    regula limitetw', prava quadam abusione et corrupteJa
    tetur,
    torrupteJa bene beateque vivendi
    iustum oroinem corrumpit.
    corrumpit, sicque passim divina
    diia pariter et humana
    instituta
    iru;ttuta aequissima
    aequiS!;Jna. depereunt,
    depen:unt, idcirco volentes ad honorem
    honon:m et laudem
    altissimi
    a1tissim omnium creatoris,
    cl'eatoris, apostolorum quoque Philippi
    Phlippi et Jacobi.
    Jacobi,
    30 quorum corpora in eadem eccle!;ia
    ecclesia I'eCondita
    :condita sunt, et aliorum
    aliOO1m apostolorum.
    lOOlm, sub quorum nominibus dicta ecclesia consecrata est, proque am21 5",,,,,,,,,,;()/;0:
    5"1>' ...."';1>1;0: BM'8rion,
    ,. mitetatione
    mitetatono divioa
    diVoa SS.
    55, XU
    Apoatolorum
    ApoatoIorun de Urbep
    Urbp ..... byter c:ardillltlis.
    c:ardinalS. diI...:tt.
    diI...:. nobill
    oobi ;n
    in ChNto
    Ch..uto capltulo,
    capltulo. eanGUteis
    eanontcS et eapeUa.nI~
    eap eUa.nl~ d
    dietae
    _ "",,',,;*e
    eceI..i'e
    aalutem
    IMlllpiteruam.
    a.1"te:n in
    n Deo .......
    p_n.

    Ep
    Schreiben 1i,,1l
    Kapit,,1
    .. x4
    4 . Mit
    \ di,.-m
    di .. -n Schrdbon
    " .. Bennion
    Be .... rion d"",
    d ..", Kapit
    ..I Von
    .. XII
    Apoatoli
    bald D,ch <:IHn" NeuQrdnUJl&
    NeuomnUJIB durch
    dm:h Eugen
    Bugen IV
    l am
    aID 19. F"bruar
    F .. bru ... '.H
    'H~ die II.IIen
    nsuen Sb.5U.tuten zu@'ehaa.
    zu,eM. Vgl.
    . Band
    8ad 1:1.49 f..
    Auagaba
    noch dflm
    Oe
    Auegab" lI"ch
    ..... Qricblal
    QcbaI im
    n. ArchJ.v
    rchJ. von
    Xll
    Apoatoli
    Ap<>atoli bei
    be A.
    . Bandini,
    a .. d, De
    Vib.
    u. .t R"bu
    Rabu .....tW
    t. P"
    " .. ri<>
    <>.... CardinaJis
    CardiaJs NieaeIl
    NieaelIl Com.mentariu
    Com.netariu8.
    . Romaa
    Ron.aa 1777.
    '777. Ap
    perl!x 11 .
    pev'Ix
    p. 118 (fehlerhatt
    (feI>lerhatt nachgedruckt
    achgednckt bei
    bei. Migne
    PG 161.
    ,6" Col. LX!V).
    LXIV). Di.
    Die StaSb.tutan "benda
    abenda .
    p. n8-25
    u8-125 (Mipa
    (M1ga I.
    . c.
    c . LXV_LXX).
    LXV_LXX) .

    "eos,"

    xOr.l
    <>11.1 . . ,

    ~
    .-

    .-.:rn.
    J.

    8o.... - .
    80

    '50

    BESSARIONJS
    BESSRIONJS

    plia.tione divini eultus


    pliatione
    cultus respicere,
    espicere, ae
    :: etiarn
    etam ex debito nostri tituli, quo
    eidem
    eidern praesidentes ecclesiae ad id nos
    ! cognoscimus obligatos, infrasctas edidimus super reformatione praefatae ecclesiae ac
    scriptas
    ae ninitrorum
    mini~trorum
    eius eonstitutiones
    constitutiones et reformationes
    reforrnationes tam
    tarn spiritualium
    Stuaium quam temporaliurn. Ad eas igitur,
    ralium.
    gitur, filii
    dilecti, inclinate unanimiter aures vestras, I
    adhibite promptitudnis
    promptitudinis intellectum, coIligentes
    colligentes seminum
    seminurn fructus, quas
    quos
    agro vestrae devotionis providentia patema conspergit, sic
    in
    sie ea culturi
    tu studio diligenti.
    dilgenti. quod sparsa fructificent
    fruetificent et operosi laboris
    lboS speratarn utilitatem
    tam
    utilitatern conducant. Eas igitur huiusmodi constitutiones et oOOi
    nationes
    natones vobis et euilibet
    cuilibet vestrurn
    vestnm sub
    5ub poenis in
    iis constitutis obser-10
    praecipimus et mandamus.
    vari
    mandarnus.
    P.tr EuCenlo
    EucenIo Papae IV

    15. Beatlsslmo
    Be.tIsslmo Patrt
    Sanetissimo Maximoque Pontifici
    Sanctissimo
    8es
    Bes,.rlon
    ron ca,dIMlls
    cardlnalls
    Graecus.
    Graecus, Basilicae Duodecim Apostolorum
    Almaeque Sanctitati Suae Dicatissimus.

    eurn
    Cum cogitarem, pater sanetissime,
    sanctissme, quodnam tibi congruum offeofe
    ram munus tum
    turn pro ista praeclarissma
    praeclarissima Latinorum atque Graecorum
    adeo per te tuosque labores, euras,
    curas, opem
    opern irnpensarnque
    mpensamque ingentem
    ngentem unione
    perlecta, tum
    perfecta,
    turn ro
    pro clementia
    c1ementa atque inenarrabili
    inenaabli benevolentia erga me
    rne 20
    tua, nihil
    potui
    nihl praestantius, nihil aptius, nihil
    nihi1 profecto gratius tibi
    invenire,
    nvenre, quam aliquid, quod ad nostram pertneat
    pertineat sanctam
    sanetam religionem,
    tibi offerre,
    ffee, eum
    cum ista
    lsta omia
    omna huiusce saecull
    saeeull te neglexisse pen;epimus
    percepimus
    ac illa, quae sola permanent, desiderasse. Nam tu ille es, qui Cbristum
    Christum
    ab ipsa secutus adolescentia es, tu
    qui a teneris,
    tenens,
    ut aiunt, unguicu1S
    unguiculis 2S
    mundum et omnia neglexisti mundana. Idcirco et merito non
    mod.o

    modo in
    hoc saeculo centuplum tibi praebuit Dominus, eum
    cum omnium
    omniurn patrem
    patrern et
    principem (te)
    ( te) constituerit, sed certe et in
    futurum aeternam vitam
    possidere concedet, praesertim
    praesert1m eum
    cum in
    n hac
    hae quoque dignitate et evan
    evangelli praedicationis
    gelii
    praedieationis officio ta!ltum
    ta!1tum profecisti, !
    ut non
    mediocre inere-so
    incre-30
    mentum et dilatationem habeat ecclesia
    ecclesa Dei.
    De. Tu
    enim
    enin graecam iUam
    Uam
    l!O
    \! booevoIeIItia
    beDevolentia P
    b<tvoIeata
    bftnivoleatia L
    glexisti L
    L n"!fllm
    noglIlJti P

    24 Chrinum
    Ch.tum L chriAtiattlom"m
    clriAti&ttlm"m P

    26
    26.
    Ae..

    Ep.
    cl;oreiben
    . I~.
    I~ . EiD
    Widmung
    Widm"ngo.....
    .rn.iben an
    an. Eugen IV
    'U~
    OberreichuDg
    Obeeichug \'On
    ", Bu;Ba.;li.u
    HIIs'' Mv....... E
    om
    .. nomi .. m in
    ; de.de Ob,,,aot:OUDg
    Ube.at:ag d.,.
    des Georglol
    Georglo, Trapezuntio . BelDerkenswert
    nerkenswert IAt noch !M!Ine
    aelne Wert..::ht.tzUDg
    Weucht.tzug d.,.
    des G<>org!OII.
    G<>o-gto. Du
    D.. Scbl"fliben
    Scbl'eben .tammt
    . tammt .....
    a ...
    der
    d<lr Zeit VOil
    \'On '443-.1.
    '443- .1.
    Oberlidernng
    OberlieferDDg:: Florenz,
    F lo renz. La"r.
    Laur. Plut.17.
    Flut. '7. cod.l&t.)1
    :od.lt.31 fol. 134"'304"- 136 (_ L).
    V. Pari.,
    Venedig.
    Veneg, Cod. MIU'C.lolt.
    Mu-:.lat. 45
    4$.. ROD>,
    ROl, Cod. U
    Urbn&t.
    rbinat. lat.5,8,
    lolt. S'8. fo1.
    2-3 v
    Bbl.
    P .. ~i., Bibl.
    Nat.
    N.t. Cod. l&t.
    l. 173,
    1703. in!.
    fol. 1-3 ( _ P).
    ). _ Drucl<au.g.he:
    DruCk .. n.g.be: H.
    . Vut,
    Va.t, Le Cardinal
    Can:!.inel
    rioa. Pan. 1878. p
    rion.
    .,.......52.

    Be.,

    451

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

    praeclarissimam sapientissimamque nationem, unde omnis est ortus


    sapientiae
    sapientae fons. una euro
    cum TribaUis. IIIyriis,
    IIlys, Flacchis ambobus, Sarmatis
    Sanatis
    utrisque. A1banis.
    Albanis. Iberis, Colchis, Cappadocibus. Pamphylis, Galatis
    necnon et aliis patriarehalibus
    patriarchalibus sedibus multisque aliis
    alis amplissimis
    amplissmis na6 tionibus. quae omnes graecam sequebantur ecclesiam ritusque eius et
    eaeremonias
    caeremonias celebrabant, sanctae
    sanetae Romanae reconciliasti
    reeonciliasti ecclesiae. Tu reduxisti
    duXsti Armenos per fotum
    totum fere orbem diffusos ac sparsos. Jacobitarum gentes venerunt, ut fidei veritatem
    vetatem per te doceantur. Tu
    et exdtasti
    citasti Aethiopes, quorum innumerabilis numerus est atque inexpu10 gnabile potentissimumque impetium,
    impelium, et adhuc
    adhue vigiIas.
    vigilas, ut ad fidem
    fidern catholicam eos aUicias. E
    thoIicam
    quibus ambobus, quantum in
    te est, nisi isti
    oculos claudant.
    cJaudant, non
    modicum fructum
    fruetum ecclesia Dei est habitura. Quis
    enarTabit
    enarabit aut quis numerabit
    nurnerabit vel laudes tuas vel ces
    res gestas? Cum
    Curn
    talern te ipsum, Eugeni.
    Eugeni, pater sanctissime,
    sanetissirne, constitueris, qui
    ergo talem
    merito
    15 vocatus Eugenius es, - nam eugenius nobilern
    nobIem graece significat et a
    stirpe ortum
    praeclara, - cumque despectione omnis terrenae
    or1.um pneclara.
    terenae nobilitaUs nobilitatem caelestem sis assecutus. quod munus, :nisi
    tatis
    nisi quod
    od ad
    communem
    cornrnunem gregis tui
    utiltatem
    utilitatem et eathoIicam
    cathoIicam fidem
    lidern pertineat, tibi
    magis conveniat?
    xnveniat?
    20
    Talia vero iudieo
    udico esse, quae ille noster beatus Basilius, spiritus tuba.
    tuba,
    instrumentum gratiarum, sapientiae pelagus, cognitionis terminus,
    quem nescio qua
    nomine
    namine quis digne posset
    passet a.ppeUare.
    appeUare, adversus
    a.dversus Eunomium impium ac etiam alia
    aJa ad sanctum.AmphiIochium,
    sanetum.Amphilochium, Iconiensem
    episcopum, non
    absque inspiratione divina ro
    pro unigeniti ac spiritus
    sprtus
    25 sancti
    saneti deitate conscripta
    conscta volumina ed.idit, quae Nazianzenus ille magnus
    Gregorius merito igni eomparat
    comparat Sodomitico.
    Sodomitx. Nam partim sententiarum
    gravitate, partim eompositionis
    compositionis pu1chritudine.
    pulchritudine. et tum
    turn optimarum ran
    tionum inventione, tum
    turn summa pe.rsuadendi virtute
    vrtute haereticoru.m
    haereticorum linguas fadle
    faciJe in
    dnerern
    cinerem redigunt. Cuius oratio eum
    cum tantam vim
    m ac
    ae did30 gnitatem possideat, ut diffieile
    difficle sit in
    lingua
    lngua graeca gravius aliquid
    alquid aut
    elegantius invenire, per hominem non
    eJegantius
    modo
    rnodo paternae et graecae,
    graeeae, sed
    etiam latinae linguae peritissirnum, Georgium Trapezuntium.
    Trapezuntium, virum
    sane eloquentissimum
    eJoquentissinum ac
    ae disertissimum, tuaeque sanctitati deditum,
    feei transferri. Quae res
    feci
    ut fieret, idcirco dedi operam, quod et Lati35 norum
    generi,
    gene, omni doctrina, omni virtute, omni sapientia ingeniiqut'
    ingeniqut'
    splendore
    spJendore praedito, puto me fedsse
    fecisse gratissimum,
    gratissinum, qui quamvis HilaHla
    riurn. Augustinum, Hieronymum, LeonenI,
    rium.
    Leanern, Gregorium aJiosque
    aliosque habeant
    beatissinos
    beatissimos suos doctores, viros, qui
    qU doctrina et sanctitate
    sanetitate tam
    tarn naturae
    quam spiritus profunditates investigarunt, quos
    quas qui
    legunt, in caelo
    .oet
    40et in eaelestibus
    cae)estibus eonversari
    conversari et quasi Dei audire videntur oracula,
    oraeula, non

    3 Ibcrl.
    Ibcr P
    Hiberis
    HiberiJ; L I 3 Ga1am
    GalatiA P
    Ga\atbi~ L I 6 celeb
    ce.Ieb.. bant L eeleb
    celcb....
    "tt P
    I
    9 AetbiopeoI)
    Aetbiope) Etbiopee
    Etbiopc L P

    ,,.

    452

    BESSARlQNIS
    BESSR1QNIS

    tamen satis habent, nisi etiam eos, qui similia.


    tarnen
    similia ipsis sentierunt
    senterunt et eodem
    spiritu participarunt, in suam
    5 traductos possideant linguam.
    Jinguam. Et bis,
    inquam. hoc existimo gratum fore et tuae beatitudini munus ac<:epturn, qui
    tum,
    qU pro clementia
    dementia solita laeto animo filiorum tuorum, etsi mi
    minima sunt, munuscula accipis. Tantumque magis tibi gratius
    gratins erit, 5
    quantum hoc donum et Latinis accipere et mihi offerre congruum est;
    mihi quidem, quoniam magnam hinc
    hine de processione spiritus sancti
    saneti utilitatern ad cognoscendam capessendamque (idei
    tatem
    fidei veritatem turn
    toto
    genere meo recepimus. eurn
    cum de ista materia
    rnateria Latinis contendeb3mus;
    contendebamus;
    latinis
    Latinis vero. non
    solum quod magna doctrina refertum est, verum 10
    etiam quia pro ipsis.
    ipsiS. id est pro veritate
    vetate pugnat. Nam in
    tertio sermone
    palam ex
    filio
    lilio spiritus habere esse dicitur et a causa eius dependere.
    Per totumque !ihrum
    Iibrum mu1ta
    multa et bona, quae ad eandem
    eandem. sententiam du-

    eunt,
    cunt, dicta SUDt.
    sunt. Accipias
    Aecipias igitur, tu beatissime pater, qui l.atinorum,
    Latinorum,
    qui
    qU Graecorum, qui omnium es eaput
    caput Christianorum,
    Christianoum, praestantissmum
    praestantissimum 15
    munus, tuaeque sanctitati conveniens, beatissini
    beatissimi ats
    patris Basilli, Caesareae Cappadociensis divini pastoris ac orbis terrarum
    tearum illuminatoris
    illuminats
    atque doctoris,
    docts, praeclarissirna opera, haec quidem oontra impium
    Eunomium illum,
    EUI10mium
    l1m, haec vero ad beatum Amphilochium
    Anphilochium decadem
    decade mam
    tma
    teria edita,
    lita, quae quamvis per se suique auctoris
    aucts dignitatem
    digntate maxima
    maxima. 20
    sint, mei tamen
    sjnt,
    tame offerentis
    offeretis respectu tantaeque magnitudinis
    magitudinis tuorum erga
    me meritorum
    metrum minima
    minma iud..icabuntur.
    iudicabuntur.
    Non enim ignoro. quantum sanctitas tua bee
    bene merita sit,
    s.it, clementissime
    clemetissime pater.
    16. Bess.rlon
    BessIr:on

    Cardinalis
    CardinalS Duodecim Apostolonun
    st10
    T"omae
    Thomae de S.rzana
    Sarzna
    Sacrne
    Sacrae Paginae Magistro Bene Merita
    et Salutem.
    Sa1uten.
    95
    P

    Quamvis mihi numquam in mentem venerat beato Basilio editum


    edtum
    in
    nativitate
    natiitate Domiui
    DomiU nostri
    nst summa
    sumna euro
    : eloquentia
    eJoquentja ac gravitate sermonem, a me in pmoro
    primordio studiorum
    studiorun meorum
    neorum 1atini5
    latinis in
    1itteris
    litteris exer- 30
    24 P0!5"rion
    " ) Vitsarion
    iarj"" P
    I 26 Sarzana}
    Sarna} Sereuna
    Sereu.na P

    Ep.
    . 16. Ein
    En Wid",ullgueh...,ibcn
    W,dmullg:h...,ibcn an Tho",
    Thom ... von
    "" Sar:oana, d .... $(>1._ Niko]I..... v" dom
    don .... damit sei"
    sein .. Obenet~ng
    benet~ng von
    on Bas;li"$'
    Basdi". HomW
    Homli .. auf
    auf.u..
    di8 Gt.burt d
    da... H
    Herrn
    .. n
    nbcne.icht.
    o.bce.icht. F.
    Fn~ die Abf"'
    Abf .. ""gszeit
    "ngszeit kommt aI.
    als frllhester
    filhester tC<minna
    tcnnu. pot
    post quem
    qnem du
    d ... Jahr
    J&h'
    1441 in Betracht, seitdem B",.rion
    B,".rion sicb
    aicb an der r<ni8chcn
    ~h"" K"rie
    Kurie bef.... d.
    E~ mullte
    ",,,
    sich."""
    lch.be enot noch 1atein\8che
    boteiniach .. Kenntnian
    KenntniaM erwerben =d
    W1d W\rd
    wird ancll ein4!e
    en" Ze\t
    Zelt gebn.ucht
    gntm.ucht
    haben. hUo
    hi er diese Hornilien
    Homilien CIbe.setJ:en
    Clbe.setJ:en konnte.
    ko .... te. Ternili!.us ante
    quem iat
    at 1H6;
    16; denn
    Thom,..,
    Thom
    ... , der am
    an 16. Dezember 1446
    '446 Kardinal wurd
    wurde,
    .., wW
    wizd hier
    her noch als
    a ...aae
    oacae paginae
    paginu
    msgi.ter
    mg8ter betite1t.
    betitelt.
    ()ber]cferung: ParIs
    bl. N
    Nst.
    ). EntmaJ4e
    Entmali Au
    ..
    berlieferung:
    Paris , BibI.
    .. t. Cod. 1at.
    bot. 1703.
    173. 101. 95 ( _ P).
    gabe be:i
    bei H
    .. Vut.
    V t. Le Cardinal
    CardnaI Bmuw...
    B:SMo:. Paris 1878.
    r878. .
    p. ~5"l
    ~5"l!l.
    s.

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPlSTOLE.

    ' 53

    eendi
    cendi ingwi
    ingenil mei causa e graeco translatum,
    translaturn, ut tunc
    tune illa
    ilIa mlluma
    mlnma in

    his
    bis litteris suppeditabat
    suppedltabat scientia,
    seientia, in publicum
    publieum promere, ne lnterpretis
    JnterpretIs
    imperitia
    mperitia ac
    ae ignorantia admirabili illi
    lli d octrinae et auctoritate
    auetoritate disertissmi doctoris imputetur,
    mputetur, apud illos
    i1Jos praesertm,
    praesertim, qui nullam
    nul1am aut minitissimi
    cognosant, quo eum
    m omatu,
    oma tu, quantove
    5::; mam sui notitiam habeant nec cognosc::ant,
    ondere
    pondere ornma
    omna sua opera
    oera ter ille quatelque beatus in
    sua edidit lingua,
    ut tibi tamen
    tarnen gererem morem, viro
    iro tum
    turn doctrina atque scientia, tum
    turn
    etiam moribus eultissimo
    cultis&imo atque omatissimo,
    ornatissimo, mittere tibi eum
    m decrevi,
    decreV,
    eum
    m non ossim
    possim tuae ferventi atque flagranti etitioni
    petitioni negare, ut ali10
    tO qua ex parte laude dignam tuam exstinguarn
    exstinguam sitim ac insitam tibi
    inexhaustam aviditatem
    aiditatem legendi,
    legedi, voJvendique libros
    lbros huius beatissimi
    patris possim implere, qui tarn
    tam eupidus,
    cupidus, tamque affectus illius exsistas
    eXSStas
    operibus, !
    ut nihil supra. Quae eum,
    soles, attente ac accurate sumoperibus.
    cum. ut soIes.
    surnma eum
    m admiratione
    admiratone perIegeris.
    perlegeris, velim ignoscas
    igoscas interpreti.
    interpreti, si tam
    tarn ornate
    16in
    graeco eompositum
    compositum tam
    tarn indiserte transtulit in
    latinum, eum
    cum eerto
    certo
    me scias
    seias turn
    tun ob reverentiam
    reverentarn atque devotionem, quam erga illum gero
    beatissimum patrem, hanc
    hane reJn
    rem aggressum
    aggresstm fuisse otius
    potius quam ob audaciam ac in
    me ipso oonfidentiam, tum
    turn etiam eum
    cum non
    edidissem
    edidssem in
    n
    publicum,
    maxima
    maxia petiisses.
    publieum, nisi
    nis' tu oontentione
    BUHrlonls CIIrdlnalis
    Crdlalls NICAlenl
    NICAleRI
    17. 8est8rlonIs
    In
    novam Metaphysicorurn
    Metaphysieorurn Aristotelis
    AristotelS Translationem
    TranslationeID
    All
    AIphonsum
    Alphonsum Regem
    Regen Aragonvm et vtrIvIqve
    vtrlvlqve Sldliae
    Slae
    Praefatio.

    Bessarion
    inelyto atque invictissimo
    invietissimo regi, salutem.
    sa1utem. J4 5
    BessariGn Alphonso, inclyto
    25 Magnum
    Magnurn illum Alexandrnm
    Alexandrum Macedonem, inclyte
    nclyte atque invictissime
    invietissime
    princeps,
    editonem metaphysicorom
    metaphysicon.m Aristotelis, quibus apprime eruenprineeps, erlitionem
    16 cum]
    cum) quum P
    1 20 S
    SNfw<>$U;"io
    ..fwa$U;tio _. ]
    A] M

    Z V P
    -u
    ~;on.
    ;onia epiSC<>Pi
    epise<>pi Tuocu_
    lani, Sallctae Romaoac
    Roma>ac Eed~e cantill.lis,
    <:a-rd;II.ljs, in novam metaphysicorum
    Ari8toteli
    iaIli,
    metaphysioorum Ariatotelil
    tnuwationem
    tnnslatonem pn.efatio incipit
    illcipit felk.i_
    feHe;ter ad AIphoD8um.
    Alpho.... um. set"SIIi""illlum
    se"8llMI atque
    atqnc illu.tn.j
    iIIustris$;
    "'um
    > princlpem Arago.n"m
    Aragom.m et utriu$<},ue Si<:iliae
    $<:la~ "'gern
    ",gern lnvidis&!mum
    inictis&lmum I 2. Bs'!arioD
    BET'2no..
    ...
    .. aalutem
    aal.u~ MV )]
    AZ
    ...... r 25 atqueMA VetZ

    Ep.
    .. '7.
    ' 7. Beuerion
    Be arioll widmet
    Wdmet Knig"
    Knig" Alfo"
    AUoo . von
    Neapel seine ObeneUuIlg
    ObeneUuD.g Von
    von
    Ari atotelu'
    atoteIea' Metaphyaik.
    Meta.pbyak. Wicht.ig
    Wichtig ist
    S die A"gabe.
    Angabe. da
    da.B ddU.
    ... AIuqII'na:
    AIuqp.ug zu
    u de'"
    dem Werk
    .ocholl V(lr
    \'(Ir Nkolaus'
    NikolauS' V
    P!a.II .u
    ... eill
    ei ......
    .... lIeUell
    ".,.,,, Uherset""ng
    he<setoung des
    d ... AristoteJ
    ArStoteJ ... voll
    VOll dem KOnig
    Knig
    ,.~!I
    S.
    "~!I ist.
    Obuliefer\,ng:
    Uberliefe r ung: Velled,g,
    Venedig, Cod. Marc.1o.t. 490 (Za.netti);
    (Zaetti); eh"
    c'?$O x Cod.9-4 (V
    IV ...
    JentineUi) cllut.
    _ _ XV;
    eigenhalldig (_ M);
    IcntineUiJ
    clut. sa>C.
    ; von
    on BI"ar;""
    BI'sarion eigenhandig
    ; Cuella,
    Ceaella, Bibi.
    . Malatfl:lta
    MaIate:ta
    Plut. IV
    Cod. 2.; ClIes,
    CUtIS, Cod.18. {aua
    {.. . dem Besit~
    Beslt~ d ... Kan!.
    ard. Nikola
    Niko]a",
    .. , VOll
    on Cu
    (; ... ; 101.
    .
    I~: Istam
    Istarn tno"s]t\onern
    tpnoJtionem {ecit
    fecit .fIV.
    .<IV. d. coud.
    cud. """,
    Nicenus,
    . ., que
    qlle nOIl poeeet....., ",eHOI",
    >or, "t
    et
    leci
    Ieci oonigi
    GOig librum
    libum ex originalI
    original! de manu
    man" eiusdem
    eils!em d. cardinalil
    cardinali <.~3);
    r4~3); E,cur;aI,
    E,cur;al, Cod.
    1o.t. f. IU
    fot.3. [Siga
    ~6, fol.3.
    [Sig ..... t. IV
    K.
    . 17] (das C-:henkenmpll..
    C-:henkenmpl.. {6r
    . Knig
    nig A1fcm.s).
    If<m.sJ. -

    ".

    BESSARIONIS

    ditus fuerat, iniquo animo tulisse memoria prodiderunt. emus


    CUus rei
    ra
    tonem in
    litteris,
    ltteris, quas ad praeceptorem suum Aristotelem
    Honem
    Aristotelern dedit, facile
    expressit, quod scilicet doctrina
    doctna ac sapientia potius quam annis
    anis viribusque anteire ceteros cupiebat, et quidem merito, euro
    cum illud hominis,
    hoc animalis, illud ingenii,
    ingen, hoc corpons
    corporis sit virtus. Hunc
    Hune tu, rex sapien- 5
    tissime, imitatus
    imtatus neque annis
    anis solum ac tot tantisque victoriis,
    ictoriis, quibus
    immortalem tibi gloriam comparasti, contentus litteris quoque modo
    od gentilibus.
    gentlibus. et his euro
    cum ad sapientiam. tum
    eloquentam
    divinis, modo
    turn ad eloquentiam
    conducentibus, non
    in
    pace solum, verum etiam in
    medio bellorum

    fervore
    fevore incumbis, et ita incumbis. ut, euro
    summus in
    armis si!
    ss sum-lO
    sum-l0
    mumque in
    n re militari locum
    locu teneas, dubium sit,
    5it, quonam magis excellas huiusmodi rebus studentibus, annisne an scientia. potentia an
    sapientia. Cuius rei argumentum est, quod me, ut librum
    librom metaphysicorum Aristotelis
    faeere eff1agitasti,
    efflagitasti, et ita efflagitasti, ut
    sttelis tibi latinum facere
    prineipis tam
    tarn honesto desiderio victus
    vietus oblitus fuerim md
    ego tanti ncis
    mei 15
    ipsius et
    tantam rem
    rern aggressus sim. Quam veteres aggressi Latini, quid
    feeerint,
    fecent, quove modo in
    latinum
    Iatinum verterint,
    vertent , aliorum sit iudicium. Ita
    certe verterunt, ut opus fuerit
    fuet et sanctissimum
    sanetissimum ac
    ae clementissimum
    c1ementissimum doNieolaum V,
    , ntifm
    pontificern maximum, qui omnis scientiae, omnis
    minum Nicolaum
    divinae
    diinae humanaeque sapientiae doctissimus in
    apostolicam
    apostolieam sedem
    sedern 20
    conscendit, quique, ut 1000
    loco et dignitate, ita phlosophia,
    philosophia, theologia et
    ornni optimarurn
    omni
    optimarum scientiarum genere principatum
    principaturn obtinet, viros
    iros e1igere
    utriusque linguae
    utusque
    Iinguae pets,
    peritos, qui omnes
    ornnes fere Aristotelis
    AstotelS libros denuo in

    1atinam
    latinam verterent orationem, et maiestatem tuam ante illius
    Ulius in
    apostolieum tribunal
    tbuna1 assumptionem a nobis petere, ut hunc,
    hune, de quo 10- 2fj
    stolicum
    quimur, librum latinum
    latnum facerernus.
    facerenus. Quem iam
    iarn diu a me
    m pefectum,
    perfectum,
    tuae sacrae
    saerae maiestati,
    rnaiestati, rex inclyte,
    incIyte, dedieavi.
    dedicai. Hunc,
    Hune, qua1iscurnque
    qualiscumque erit,
    cum tua serenitas hilari
    hila vultu
    ultu aeceperit,
    accepet , non
    dubito ceteris
    cetes quoque
    auetoritatem et dignitatem tuam, acceptum graturnque
    futurum.
    ob auctoritatern
    gatumque futururn.
    Vale feIiciter,
    felieiter, rex invictissime.
    Va1e
    30
    4 ceteros MAZ
    _orum V I 9 etiam MAZ
    e1 Y
    I 17 in
    lati.D.wn
    lati.wn Pd

    A VJZ
    YJZ
    _. in

    Dru
    Anhl1g Zu
    VeDeti~
    Dr e
    " kalugabe
    ka" ,gabe l1:
    t: Im
    1 Anbang
    " Beuar;ol1ls
    Bessariotls b
    ID Cahunniatorem
    ea"lD.Diatoe PlatorJ.i&.
    PJatoJ.&. Ve:eti~
    "pud
    apud Ald
    Jdllm
    .. m 1503. Ijl6
    IjI6 (_
    ( _ AJ;
    ); A.
    . M.
    . Zanetti
    ZaDetti , LatiDa
    LatDa et ltalica
    luHe-. D. Marci
    Mare; Bibliotheca c;o.
    Codicl>m
    dicm m
    mau".;.riptorum.
    ......!!Uiptorum. Vene1iis
    Vene18 17ofl.
    ' . .
    p. 193 sq. (_ Z);
    ); I . Valentillelli,
    v aIen t i 11 eI . Bibliotb_
    1Il&II
    na.ucripta
    .. 8Cripta ad 5: Ma>."(:um
    Ma>"(:um Venetiarum. Codices man.uscripti
    mlUl .. seripti latiDi.
    latiDl. Vol.
    l. IV. Venem.
    eet.
    1871,
    ).
    ,87" p.6i--6j (- VJ.

    <5,

    EPISTOLAE.

    '"

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    Ep.
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    21. Gemi.to. Antwort ..
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    EPlSTQLAE .

    471

    24, Beuarlon
    Bearlon Cardlnalll
    CardlnaII.
    Lallrentlo
    LaarentIo Vallenal.
    aIIenS.

    Clare et doctissime vir, salve . Utrumqu e Antidotum tuum vidimus, V 225


    caIcem legimus. Qui
    liber non
    solum nobis
    a verticeque, ut aiunt. ad ca1cem
    5 iucunditatem maximam ob suavitatem
    suaVtatem sermon is et copiam r erum attullt, verum
    tu1it,
    venm etiam fruetum
    fnctum singularem ; quippe multa, neque enim
    pudet nos verum
    verurn faten,
    fateri, in
    eo didicimus, quae antea ignorabarnus,
    ignoraJmus, ut
    vere liceat nobis exclamare:
    vexe
    exelarnare: tSenesco
    t$enesc.:o autem
    autern semper multa diseendo
    disendo .
    Habemus itaque tibi e t agimus gratias maximas. Opus vero tuum
    . 10
    11) laudamus,
    laudamu5, probamus, extollimU!i,
    extollimus, ac immortaIe
    im.morta1e et optamus et confidico
    mus
    fore. Quod
    od ad reditum
    rediturn nostrum pertinet, si
    5 id in manibus n ostris
    esset, Heeret
    Jceret nobis aIiquid
    aliquid respondere, sed nosti id non
    e x n 05tra,
    ostra, sed
    sed.
    ex pontfici5
    pontifieis maximi
    maxini voluntate pendere. Vale.
    Bononiae V
    !.
    HI. KaI.
    Ka1. Novembris.

    25. FraneIseaI
    Fr.nell eal BarllaOis
    Barlban s
    Beuarlonl
    BearlonI Car41lnaII.
    Car41lnaU.

    Magnas habeo gratias Comelio Tacito, qui cum


    eurn tanta significatione
    signifcatione B
    51
    benevolentiae te, reverendissime pater et domine, sic
    sie loqui fecit, ut
    ex litteris
    Iitteris tuis
    tui5 non
    mediocrem fructum
    fnctum eeperim
    ceperim humanitatis et man20 5uetudinis
    suetudnis tuae. Sic
    Sie enim me provocas a d d iligendum,
    iligendurn, ut dando bene1 ss..
    pr,u<ripno: B
    Tusculanu ~. !egatus.
    legatus. claro
    clan> et doctiuimo
    ..""""npto,
    '7"rion
    18on Cardin
    Card.in ..lis Tusculanu~.
    vir'o, domillo Louuntio
    ...;....
    amico
    uue"tio Valle
    ValIellS
    mico n.,.tro
    "tr carieaimo.

    v"n".

    Ep.
    . ~ . Be ss
    na
    .. rion hat
    ht.t . Antidotum
    Antdotum gelj"_
    gegen Poggio
    Poggo ge]esen
    gelesen und drllckt
    drckt
    dem vert_
    Vertuser ..,ine Bewundenlng
    Bewundeung ""8.
    aU8. Der Brief, der nur
    das Datum : "S.
    "3.0ktober
    Oktober
    tr&gt. dO
    d r/te
    te aber, da B m
    :S
    uion
    o ab
    a. Legat in
    n Bologna tltis
    tatis ist ('
    (, ... SO-33)
    ~SS) und der Streit
    $treit
    IDit
    nit Poggio
    Poggo im
    G aDlj"e
    aDg<l ist, a".
    a ... dem Jah
    J:,h .... '45'
    '' stammeo.
    st:.mmeo. De.menuprechelld i.t
    in mei.ne
    meine
    Anpboo
    Anbo d
    des
    ... 28. Oktober 1433
    14S3 (Band 1316)
    1 326) 1U
    ~ .l.ndern
    .l.der ....
    "Oberl
    Qberlieferung:
    ie ferun g: Wien . Cod. lat. 3943, fol.
    ol. 223(_
    22S (_ V).
    ). Erotmalig., Ausgaboo
    ErotJnalig"
    Ausgabo
    VOll
    ll G. Mallcilli'
    M .. uciui' G
    Gom
    ;omale
    .. le 8tOrico
    atotico de!la
    della Jetteratura italiaD&.
    ita!an:.. XXI
    (Torioo
    (Toriuo 18-;13) P.
    . 47.
    , B
    SW"Ttu<rif>/io:
    SWp"tu<ripio:
    H,

    salutem
    salute dicit.
    dct.

    Fallciscus Bubams
    &bams B_
    _ Cardiuali Tue<:hulauo.
    Tue:hulaoo. egato
    e Bononi."
    Boaon."
    FUlleiseus
    18 benivolentle
    benivol_tle B
    I 20 dilligendDm
    dillge"dnm B

    Ep.
    . ~5. F
    Fr"ne
    .... nceueo
    .co B
    Ba
    .. r baro schien
    schicl<t im Apri
    Apti l 1453
    3 an
    a.n Beuadon
    Be a.ion e;oe
    eiue TacituaTaeituabandscbrilt ...
    band",briIt
    $einer
    iner Bibliothek,
    Biblotbek, um d ie der Kardinal.
    ard .. ". wie . ieh
    ich ......
    a". dem
    deu fOlgend=
    fOlgenden Brief
    Bref
    ergibt. zwecks
    z-....eks Abvhrift
    Abschrift ihn
    hn gebeten hatte.
    ht.tte.
    Oberlieferung:
    berlieferung: Rom . Cod. Vat.
    .. . lI.. t. 52 20. 101.
    lot. 5 1- SI
    31 V
    (
    (NtIC.
    _ . XV_ X VI _ B).
    ) .
    _ D
    Dr.. uck
    uekau.gabe:
    .. u.g .. be: Frallcisd
    Frallcisci Barbari
    B .. rbad et aliorum
    aJiorum ad Ipsum Epistol
    5tol .... (ed.
    (. Cud.
    Cad..
    Q
    2"i';uo).
    .. 11 ). Bri:ri&e
    B::iae '743. Ep.
    . 229,
    U9, .
    p. 320 ( __ Q). Quirino
    QuiriDo .tatst
    at1tzt lieh
    ich auf
    a .. f rinc
    :nc Vatikanitoche
    Vatk:.nito<:he
    Handschrt.
    Hadschrift. die
    de er "icht
    nieht nl.her
    n.Ier n ..... baft me<bt. die
    de aber h"'r
    hu,r und noch mehr ;0
    iu den
    LoIgenden
    toIgenden Briel_
    Brieten einige
    " t
    -ere Ir ,.,.'rteD
    e"rien bietet als B
    uDd
    und auch
    aueh die im
    .cUte.n
    ua.cI",te.n Brief
    enthal_ell
    entbalte.nell gricch;.cloen
    griech;.clen Worte
    W<>rte Oboormitttilt.
    Ober:itteIt.

    ."

    8ESSAJUONIS
    BESSA:RIONI$

    ficium accipere videaris. Ego quoque grave


    gave et sincerum
    sin:rum iudicium
    udicum eJCcellentiae tuae iam pridem tanti facio, ut fcrc
    feTe nuIlius
    nullills principis amorem
    vel auctoritate veI
    veI
    vel gravitate vel sapientia rerum maximarum eariocariorem habeam quam tuum, quia, eum
    cum omnia in
    te sint, quae vel natura vel doctrina vel virtus eum
    cum fortuna hominibus largitur,
    la-gitur. mihi 5
    B51~tantum tributum
    tributl1m puto ab exeellentia
    excelletia tua ita petente, ut nulla smt
    sint
    insignia honoris quodam modo, quae eum
    cum hoc tam
    tarn amplo
    ampIo et tam
    tarn honorifioo
    testirnonio conferri possint. Quare, si
    s nuJla
    nulla re a1ia
    aHa sustinorifico de me testimonio
    nere potero tantam de me spem et exspeclationem,
    exspeclationern, bene profecto ba
    baTharus
    barus et ferreus essem, si in
    omni vita mea, lide,
    ide, benevolentia.
    benevolentia et earlcari- 10
    tate non
    tuetur
    tuetllr officium meum et celsitudini tuae non
    satisfacerem.
    satisfarem .
    Erit
    ergo benigitatis
    benignitatis tuae de me
    roe sibi non
    minus spondere.
    spondere, quam ego
    possim. Comelium quoque aecipies,
    a,ccpes, qui testis
    test s erit meae perpetua,e
    perpetuae erga,
    erga
    te volunta
    volunta,tS.
    tis. Va.]e.
    Vale.

    "enetiis,
    Venetns, ... Aprilis
    Aplis 1453.

    "

    CardIn.II
    Bess.rfon Cardlnalll
    26. Bessarfon
    Frandsto
    Fra.nelseo B.r".",.
    BarltafG,

    B
    51

    Accepi litteras et una Cornelium Tacitum.


    Ta.citum. Uter mihi fuerit iucun
    ineundior,
    exressem;; quippe alter
    a.1ter sitim, quam
    qua,m iam dlu
    vi
    diOT, ha,ud
    haud fa,cile
    tacile expresserim
    sendl sui animo mco excltavera,t,
    sendi
    excitaverat, OOiI!
    uberrime ac
    ae pIeissime
    plenissime sedavit, alterae20
    me
    amandllm, quem antea summopere diligebam, compJeverunt.
    compleverunt.
    roe ad te amandum,
    Ita
    Ha enim
    ad me
    humaniter,
    humanite, ita benigne scribis,
    ut non dare mihi
    miM bellebeneaecipere 11.
    a me
    videaris
    videarS plane. Habeo itaque tibi.
    tibi, atque ago
    ficium, fied accipere
    gratias, non
    tam
    tarn quod librum ad me misisti, quam quod ita libenter,
    ita
    a ~ol.
    benevole, ita liberaliter mihi
    mih obtulisti, ut meum
    meurn animum
    aniuum tibi in 2Ii
    perpetuum devinxeris.
    deinxeris. opinionemque, quam
    quarn antehae
    anteha,c de doctrina,
    doctrina et

    sapientia
    sa.pientia tua habebam.
    habebam, mirifiee
    mirfice confirmaveris.
    confrmaveris. Equidem numquam vidi

    hominem Barbarum minus barbarum, immo


    hom.inem
    potius ut, quod sentis,
    ,
    senns,
    dicam - magis sapientem, ut liceat
    lieeat mihi, quemadmodum Basilius de
    1()
    ben;volentia B

    16 B
    s .."..",,<ril>lW
    ".."",nl>w :; B -' H' .ri""
    a.;"., ClU"dinalis
    ClU'dina1is Tu""u!."u.
    TU8CuI""ua doJ:ujnD
    do>:"" Franc""",
    Franci:co Barbaro
    Barb.ro
    suo
    SUD saluten>
    wotem I 18
    J8 ;OCD"diD.
    iocund.orB
    B I 23 "m
    a me
    .. B
    ("p.
    (". f>M.1
    . videaris
    vdearis I 24 missisti
    mi8$iti B
    I 25 ita
    1&
    libon.1iter Q
    1
    ) B
    ""'. I
    28miDus
    28 mmus barbanlm Q]
    Q] B
    ...... \ yn><> B

    Ep.26.
    .26. Be
    B ....
    ua
    &rion
    ri o" d&dkt
    d&:lkt IOr
    tOr die
    di .. Obersandte Tacitusha"dsehrift
    T&Citushands:hrift (vgl.
    (l. Ep.
    . 24.).
    !&u"igu
    \aun;ger Weise geht ...
    auf das von
    "., Fr.
    F . Batba."
    n
    In
    er ant
    BarbarD angeregte Worbp;el
    Wortspiel um d ,' D
    N a me
    weit....
    ........
    ulld ven.priel>t
    m ....
    n eiD.
    ". Er wtlllacllt
    Woacl ....,;t
    ea Briefwechsel
    BrielwecheI und
    er>Ecl> die
    de R!lc:lt8eDdnllg
    RIc:lt8edu"g des
    Tacihl. naeh bew",kste !igter
    T""ihl.
    !gter Alw:br\!t.
    Abcbr\!t.

    bew",kst.,

    'J-"

    'Oberlieferuug
    .... Cod. Vat. !&t.
    ,:UD. 101..
    fot ,'-,S> v ( _ B)
    Druck"(}b.,r I.,ferung :, Ro
    ROJD.
    \at. ,"2".
    ) . P.uclr.,
    ausgabe:
    aU5g.abe: F ......
    .ancl
    ncl s ci Barbari
    B&rb.ari et .ali_m
    &Ii_m ad i""UJD
    lpAum Epistola"
    Epistol.a" (ect.
    (ec1. Card. Quiri"o).
    Qlirino).
    Brixi.ae 170. Ep.230,
    .230, P.32
    . 3211 (_ Q
    Q)).. Vgl.
    !. oben S .
    71.

    47'

    EPI$TOLAE.
    EP$TOLE.

    Demosthene illo inerudito


    inerodito plane homine dicebat vidisse se oa&~
    6l)fl.Qa&~v
    ::, ita de te praedicare vidisse me ru"or:"Ov
    .":" <7O'P6mr:nlV
    aoop6mxTv -rc
    c
    tl:yprifl.fI.TOV,
    _t ).oyuiy\"oc-rov.
    t uo cognomine usurpari possit, quod de
    :
    --oc-ro. Recteque in
    tuo
    se praedicare M.
    . Tullius solebat facturum se Ciceronum nomen longe
    ,; quam
    qua m et Lentulorum et Fabiorum illustrius. Quod si
    51 hoc ternpore Ilova
    nova
    rebus vocabula inderentur, proIecto
    pro/ecto ddoctissimI
    octissimi ac sapientissimi viri non

    nrn
    is Barbari appellaren.tur.
    appellarentur. Ita abs te
    : hoc vocabulum ornatum, auctum,
    illustratum est. Et quemadmodum tyranni nomen, quod olim summo--B5t'
    illu5tratum
    summo--B51'
    rum virorum ac clarissimorum principum erat, ad nomen vitii eiusque.
    10 qui rempublicam per saevitiam atque crude1itatem
    crudelitatem pessumdedit, translatum
    laturn est, ita Barbari nomen, quod paulo ante vel rudium vel ignob1ium
    bilium erat, ad doctos
    d octos et omni -sapientiae genere illustres
    11ustres viros translcet summopere gloriari, quod unis meis litteris
    Iitteris
    feretur. Mihi certe licet
    solum librum, quem optabam, consecutus fuerim, verum etiam
    non
    Hi
    tanti viri amicitiam mihi oonciliaverim.
    oonciliaerim . Sed reprimam me,
    roe, ne idcirco
    videar
    a d te $Cripsisse,
    scripsisse, ut te laudarem. Id
    I d unum te rogabo maiorem in

    videa.r ad
    modum.
    rnodum. ut amicitiam
    amieitiam nostram, cuius
    optima singulis utriusque litteris
    iaeta sunt fundamenta. si aliter non
    iacta
    licebit,
    Heebit, saUern
    saltem crebris epistoLis
    epistolis
    velis. Quod itidem ego, quantum
    qualltum in
    me erit,
    er,
    confinnare atque augere yetis.
    2Oefficiam. Tacitus vero
    tuus tam
    tarn diu nobi$Cum
    nobiscum hospitabitur. quo adloqui didicerit, et summa.
    summa ei manus fuerit imposita. Tunc
    Tune integer, immo
    m
    uno adauetus
    ada.uctus filiolo
    lil ad te redibit. VaJe.
    Bononiae
    Bononae V. Nonas Maias
    Maas 1453.
    1:1. BesprIon
    Bess.rlon CardlnlUs
    CardInaIIs

    franeIseo Barnro.
    frlntlseo

    Si
    5 ComeIius
    Comelius tuus tacitus non
    esset, posset tibi referre,
    relerre, quarn
    quam bu- B
    66
    maniter a nobis susceptus, quam liberaliter tractatus,
    traetatus, quam hilariter
    quintum iam mensern
    rnensern nobiscum hospItatu5
    hospitatus 5it,
    sit, quem interea filium.
    l.
    1 -.'llloo&iV"/l"'
    o&ro ilypi"
    <iy. ........v QJ B
    ""'. I 2 J!4t>f!po"'
    i!4>c<po-o .,.,o:p&.=
    .,.,=....v ..
    "..
    "'.:.......
    ..""
    ""
    '" ".,-yI.:.....
    Q]
    Ql B
    ""'. I 6-7 pn:>fecto
    pmfecto ..
    ... appellareatur
    _ellareN Q J B
    ""'. ) 12
    Q praataDt...
    pratante> B
    I
    21 integer, immo Q integenimo
    integerrimo B
    I 22 adauctu. Q ad"C!;1d
    ad"c;u. B

    ill,,_

    ~ B
    SOI/Waserip#o:
    So/Was&I'p#o:

    Be"anoll
    Beu
    ario., Car<linalis
    Car<ali Tu.scu!an".
    Tu.sculan". Do!nillo
    Do!niDO F
    Fr"lIcisco
    U Dcisco .8arbaro
    Barbaro
    8_
    8110 oalutem
    .aJ"em dicit.
    dicit . \ 'Z1
    '1 .-eflerno
    refierno B

    Ep.
    . 27. Beuarion
    Be ari on teI
    eilt iD
    ll 1aulliger
    !auDiger Weise
    Weie Fr. Barbaro
    Barba r o mit, daB der eJltliebene
    eJltJiebene
    Tacitu. iD
    ll d=
    deJI. letzten
    Ietzten J(1D.J
    1 Monaten be
    bei Ohro
    ihm in
    n Ab5chrift
    Ab5e.brift geDomme
    geomme .. ,",urde.
    ,",ude. _ BeuaBe a_
    rion
    r ion.. eigenhandige Abschrift
    b:MJ von
    vo" Tac,t"
    Tacit" . (ADD_Jen
    (AIlIl"Ien ...
    u .- -.16.
    6. Bucb
    Buch und Historiae.
    5 Bllcber)
    BUcber) lieg
    Iiegen
    ..... VOr iA
    i: dem
    de>n Cod.
    Cod.. mcmbr.
    cu. Iat.
    tat. der BibI. Man:.
    .....,. zu
    Venedig CI.a.ss.
    C1.a.ss. XXII

    Cod.40. datiert: BoIogaa


    BoIogra 1453.
    Vberliefe r" Dg: Rom,
    Vberliefer"lIg:
    R om, Cod. V.t.
    Vat. lat.
    tat. 5220, 101.
    ( 66
    6
    et. v. ( _ B).
    . _
    Druck
    auagabe: Frauci.ci
    EpIsto!ae (ed. Q"i
    Q"irillo).
    . 231,
    . 322
    .uagabe:
    F r. ueiaci Barbari
    Ba r bati Epistolae
    d DO). Brixiae 1743. Ep.
    23 ' , P.3u
    (- Q).
    g). VgI.
    Vgl. oben 5.41'.

    ."

    })ESSARIONIS
    ))ESSRIONIS

    quam ingenuum
    ingenuun et liberalem
    lberalem genuerit ac
    ae apud nos
    !; dimiserit. Sed licet
    Iicet
    natura eum
    Tadtum
    Tacitum fecerit,
    feeerit, non
    tamen ita tacitus
    taeitus est, quin ex eius
    66~ fade
    facie atque a.spectu
    intelligantur. Immo
    aeddit
    accidt
    aspectu affectus eius apprime
    B
    interdum, ut non
    modo non
    tacitus, sed omnium
    m faeundissimus
    facundi.ssmus videatur. Licebit itaque ex eo etiam Tacito haec omnia
    ornnia intclliga.s.
    intelligas, ex quibus :;
    poteris, quas tibi gratias habeamus. Certo immortales
    concipere animo poteris.
    imnortales
    agimus, nec
    nee quidpiam avid.ius
    avidius exspectamus, quam oblatum nobis
    nobS in
    iri
    faeultatem,
    facu1tatem, qua tibi referre gratiam possimus. Vale.
    Bononiae, d.i
    pridie Kalendas Octobres 1453.
    28. Franelstll$
    FraneIstus Sarllarll'
    88.,,
    Seuarlonl
    Besarlonl e&r4lnall.
    CAr4lnaII.

    B
    66

    Vehementer me deIectarunt
    deIeetarunt litterae ce1situdinis
    ce1situdinS tuae, quae tanta
    oomitate conditae sunt,
    sUt, ut non
    solum verbi.s,
    verbis, sed etiam fronte ac oculis

    prae se ferant singularem mansuetudinem


    mansuetudnen et humanitatem tuam
    tuarn pari
    eum
    ingen ooniunctam esse, et ita ooniunctam
    ooniunetam esse.
    esse,
    ut 11>
    cum dexteritate ingenii
    et dare et accipere beneficum
    benefidum tecum gratissimum et iucundissimum sit.
    Sie
    meeum visus est agere de te, :o;ic
    sie de
    Sic enim aperte Tacitus noster mecum
    moribus
    mbus et institutis tuis domesticis quodarrunodo
    quodaunodo locutus est, ut apud
    me satis eonstet,
    constet, quantum consuetudine et hospita1itate
    hospitalitate tua glorietur.
    gletur.
    erum,
    ut ita loquar, viae
    fruetum cepit, quia aliquamdiu
    aliquarndiu 20
    Magnum erum.
    iae suae fructum
    tecum peregrinai,
    peregrimui, tecllm
    tecum pemoctare, tecum vivere
    ivere sa1vo
    salvo officio con5 enim unus dies bene et ex institutis actus
    aetus philosophae
    philosophiae
    cessum est. Si
    peccanti etiam immorta1itati
    immortalitati est antep:mendus, ut Cicero
    Ccero noster scripsc
    :o;it,
    sit, quanti facere
    faeere debet Cornelius aliquot menses.
    menses, quos ita tecum egit
    in otio etiam remotis arbitris
    arbitS et sine
    snE! ullius iniuria ita tecum
    teeum esse, tecum
    teeum 25
    2S
    loqui potuit.
    potuit, ut te {rui
    {li quodammodo posse videretur?
    ideretur? Sed satis iocati
    sumus de Tadto,
    Tacito, qui, ut assequor coniectura,
    ooniectura, nisi fidei
    fde suae ratio
    rato haservire, quam mecum imperare.
    imperare, et apud te diubenda fuisset, tecum servire.
    tissirne conversari,
    tarn dto
    cito redire maluisset.
    ma1uisset. Vale,
    Va1e, decus
    conversari. quam ad me tam
    ecclesae.
    30
    ecclesiae.
    Venetiis, de
    pridie Idus Octobres 1453.
    :.I:. ymo B

    I 6

    coneipere
    COCere

    a incipere B I 8 r",lern
    r"'leru B
    incere

    10 B
    Sup"'lS,riplio:
    S"p",s,nplio: Fnu>.cisclls
    FnucSCus 8&rbaru.
    Bubar". BE
    Br,,rQlI;
    n erinll; Cardinali
    Cardnal.i T ....
    ....."Jano,
    ,,18110. leg
    leg.to
    ..to
    Bon
    Bononie.
    .... ie. salu_
    sallltem dicit. I 16 et d8f'e
    da~ 1
    ] B.,....
    .,.... et ! 22 ..,tus
    achs 0
    ] B
    OM.
    _. I 23 _tep
    _tepon"'"
    ...."".
    d1ls Q antcponendum
    dIIs
    anteponendum B
    I 25 ullius Q illiu.
    ilJius B

    Ep
    . 28. Antwort Fr.
    F . Ha.baro.
    Barbaro. vo'"
    vom '4.0ktober
    '4. Oktober
    Bri." Beuadons.
    Bri",
    Be r;on .

    ''',
    '''.!
    !i3 auf
    ,,- dcn
    den

    vorhergelaendeo
    vorhergelendeo

    Obulie
    Cb.,rl;eIerun1I
    lu u"lI ' l{om,
    R.om, Cod.
    Cod . V.t.
    Vat. lat.
    .. 5220.
    5220, fol.
    !l. 6Ci
    6 v
    ( _ B),
    ), - Druckau s gabe:
    Fraocisci
    FrancSCi earbari
    Barbari EpialOlae
    EpaoJae (ed.
    (. Quirino).
    Quirin o) . Brixi&e
    Brixiae '70.
    '743. Ep.
    . 2)2,
    232, .
    p . )23
    J2J (( - 0).
    .

    EPISTOLAE
    EPISOLE .

    475

    29. 811
    I
    ..1Iolt t.nllnaUs
    C81lnaUs
    Fr_nd,co
    FrancJIC:o Fosc:art
    FOIc:arl
    Duci Venetiarum.

    Illustrissime et excellentissime
    Illustrissirne
    excellentssme princeps. DistuJi ante hunc
    hune diem M
    29
    5infelicem et ca1amitosam
    5infclicem
    calarnitosarn urbem
    urbern nostram
    nostrarn Constantinopolim tuae celP 158
    situdini commendare, tum
    turn pudore quodam sub mystico retractus, ne
    ro
    pro commodo et salute patae
    patriae rogans meum ipsius eonunodum
    conunodum vid.erer
    id.erer
    quaerere, tum
    turn quod sponte sua inclytus senatus vester, ut est erga
    omnes
    om.nes afflictos
    afflCtos clementissimus, tantum operis praesidique
    praesidque pararet, ut
    100mnes indubie existimarent
    existim.rent satis id superque
    supeque esse ad eam urbem tutandam, ad arcendos a moenibus
    rnoenibus harbaros,
    barbaros, ad impetum crudelissimi
    cndelissimi
    hostis reprimendum. Quod utinam eo tempestive applicuisset 1
    Non
    enm essemus spe destituti atque opinione nostra fraudati.
    fraudat. Verum non

    enirn
    negligentia vestra, cuius in
    t anta re ne simulacrum
    Smu1acrum quidem
    quidern ullum ap15 panit
    paruit umquam,
    urnquam, sed et vicinitate
    vicnitate hostis et importuno anni tempore et
    fatis
    fats ita volentibus factum est, ut, dum in
    medio eursu
    cursu est classis,
    dum spe vietodae
    Vctoriae alacres
    alaeres copiae in
    hostem feruntur, praevenerit hafbafharus
    bans urbemque et situ Iod
    Ioci et moenibus et commeatu et omni genere
    praesidi
    praesid munitissimam,
    munitiSSmam, quam omnes annum integrum
    integnm pati posse ob2Osidionem spexabant,
    spe:abant, viribus
    Vribus expugnaverit.
    Me miserum1
    miseruml
    Non possum hoc sin e maximo d olore scribere. Rem
    ut dictu
    ncredibilem, ita ab omnibus, qui
    qU aliquid
    alquid in
    se hum.anitatis
    dietu incredibilem,
    humanitatis
    habent, ac praesertim Christianis deploran<lam!' Me nUserum
    rruserum I
    Non
    possum hoc sine
    sne maximo
    maXmo dolore scribere. Urbs, quae modo tali impe25 ratore, tot ilIustrissimis
    i1Iustssimis viris,
    virs, tot cladssimis
    clarissims antiquissimisque familiis,
    tanta rerum copia Oorebat,
    Oorehat, totillS
    tothiS Graedae
    Graeciae eaput,
    caput, splendor et decus
    orientis, gymnasium optimarum
    optimann artium, oonorum
    bonorum omnium receptaculum,
    , ab immanissimis
    immanssimis barbaris, a saevissimis
    saevissm.is christianae fidei hostibus,
    trueulentissimis feris eapta,
    capta, spoliata, direpta, exhaus ta est. Publica
    a truculentissimis
    1 M
    s
    s ....wa.<&l:
    /Wa#riPIU.: B-..
    B ...rio
    ariob,
    .. , CudiD.a\;'
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    fit Bo
    Bobonieusis
    .. onieusis leQ'.tu~,
    leQ'&tu~, DoInioo
    nioo Francisco
    Francsco Foacari,
    Focari, Duci
    Duc. Venfltis
    Venetiann
    .........
    5 lIostra ... )4
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    'Iub mystioo M
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    t"'"

    Ep.~.

    Ein
    Ei Hilferuf an
    a: den
    ,.., Dogcn
    Dogeu FDtlCO.:O
    FDtlCO':O F08c.ri
    F08c&ri voll
    von Venedig
    "l zur
    " ver_
    ~
    einten.
    eiten AJ>.ebr
    ..eb. der
    le. Tllrken. die
    d.. eben KO"'"tantmopel
    Ko","a.ntttopel erobert habe"
    habe .. und
    ! weitemin
    ""te'hn d
    ..
    p.D.&e
    Abendl&ru1
    Abendl&nl bedrohe ... C.,.bdeben
    C'F'brieben in
    i BoJogna,
    Bologna, .]. Juli '4:13.
    berliefen .. g: Ve
    Ub.,rleferDng:
    Venedg,
    .... dig, BibI.
    B ibl. Muc.
    Mare. Cod
    CoI . l&t..
    &. 496 (Zanettij,
    (Z&netti), CItio.
    Ct.. XXII

    Cod.
    CoI. I&t.
    l&t. 3]6,
    ]]6, fol.
    ~_]' (VuentmeUl);
    (ValcnttteUl); Paris.
    . . BibI. Nat. Cod.
    CoI. I&t.
    l&t. ln7.
    ]I7. fol. 1;58--.60.
    _ Druclt:&ug&b
    Drucl.u.g.b.,
    .. (D&Ch
    (&eh dem
    lem Cod.
    CoI. Paris.) bei
    be H.
    . V.st,
    V&st, Le Cardin&!
    C,rlin&! B""
    Bt'.o.
    erioD.. Pu
    P8ri
    ..
    1878_ Appcndice
    ppcdi"., 111 P.
    . 4;54_56.

    BESSARIONI
    BESSRIONIS
    S

    476

    pecunia dilapidata,
    dlapidata, privatae opes exstinctae, templa anro,
    auro, argento.
    argento,
    gemmis, reliquii.s
    reliquiis sanctorum, aIiaque
    aliaque pretiosissima supeIIectili
    supellectili opuIenopulen instar pecudum trucidati, abductae
    abduetae muIieres,
    mulieres, raP'"
    raptissima nudata. Vid
    tae virgines,
    vrgines, infantcs
    infantes e parenturn
    parentum cornpIexibus
    complexibus sublati
    5ublati et, si qui in

    tanta
    vineulis,
    vincuJs, ut aere redimerentur.
    redimerentur, servati 5
    t anta clade superfuerant, vel in
    vel omni genere
    geere eruciatus
    cruciatus affecti veI
    seritutem redacti.
    vel ad turpissimam servitutem
    redaeti.
    Fana atque delubra sanctorum
    s.anctorurn maledictis, verberibus, cruore
    clUore et omni
    flagitiorum genere foedata, eastra
    flagitiorom
    castra in
    templis Dei, saera
    sacra in
    castds
    castris habita.
    o miseram, 0 infelicem
    infelieem et in brei
    brevi tarn celerern
    celerem et variam
    ariam civitatis
    civitatS
    commutationem t Quis eum
    cum haec legent
    legerit istarum rerum ignarus,
    ignarus. facta, 10
    non
    ficta
    fcta esse crediderit?
    Sed nolo
    calamitates patae
    patriae apud te deplorare,
    depIorare, cui haec fort3.$Se
    fortasse
    notiora sunt quam mihi ipsi, et praesertm
    praesertim ne
    videar
    vidcar refricare
    refdcare vulnus
    vu1nus
    tuum, quem fata voluerunt miseriarum
    mseriarum nostrarum esse participem,
    clausis
    c1au~is in
    n ea urbe tot civibus Venetis, tot nobilissimis
    nDbilissimi~ hominibus,
    homnibus, tot 15
    16
    patricii ordinis viris, qui utnam
    utinam meIiorem
    meliorem quam nostri fortunam exex~
    perti inco1umes
    ineolumes aliquando in
    patriam revertantur. Certe verendum est,
    oe
    De eadem procella vexati pariter perierint. Mihi vero
    data est facultas
    libere implorandi au1ii1ium,
    amulium, non iam ro
    pro patria, non
    pro civitatis
    ciVtatis meae
    salute, sed ro
    pro tutela.
    tutela omnium, pro Christi
    Christ gIoria,
    gloria,
    pro christiana.e
    christianae fidei
    fdei 20
    conservatone, pro Christianorum honore. Quo in
    loco
    Ioco pturibus exx~
    conservatione,
    ponere poteram, quantum pericu1i
    periculi immineat italids
    italicis rebus, ne de reliretiquis dicarn,
    dcam, n
    nisi
    isi truculentissimi barbari impetus comprimantur.
    cornprimantur. Venun
    Verum
    Ileque
    neque mc
    rnc 1atet
    latet eas rationes senatui
    seatui vestro notiores esse quam mihi.
    rnihi.
    Et
    ad linem festinat epistola.
    epistola. Hoc
    H oc unum breviter dicam e duo- 2fi
    bus alterum
    altenun necessarium
    necessariurn fore:
    lre; vel ut celsitudo tua una cum
    eurn ceteris
    christianis prncipibus
    prindpibus furorem,
    furorern, ne
    dicam
    dicarn rabiem barbari, in
    n hisce prinprilldpiis
    so]um
    solum se suaque tuendo, verum
    cipiis comprimat atque infringat, non
    etiam
    eUam offendendo
    offedendo hostem;
    bostem ; vel
    ut ille
    Il mox
    reIiqua
    reliqua Graecia, quae nunc
    nune
    imperio vestro subie<;ta est, insulisque omnibus vestris, praeterea etiam
    etam 30
    Pannonia atque llIyria
    Pallnonia
    Illyria potitus Italicas quoque res in
    n maximumdiscrimen
    maxirnurndiscrimen
    adducat. Deventuros autem
    autern 3d
    ad hoc quam f3cil1ime
    facillime christianos
    christanos principes,
    cum
    curn tales causae sint, tam
    tarn acerbae, tam
    tarn graves, tam
    tarn novae, cum de
    communi
    cornmuni salute, de christiana
    christana religione, de Christi gloria agatur, nemo

    est, qui n
    on speret
    speret,, praesertim 3a celsitudine tua vestroque
    vestoque senatu, cuius 1Ir.
    3l't
    auctoritas 3mplissima
    amplissima est, invitatos. Quapropter te hortor, incIyte
    inclyte atque
    illustrissime princeps, et quibus possum precibus rogo, obtestor,
    iJlustrissime
    ohtestor, obseao,
    cornpositis aliquando Italiae rebus, fineque bellis, quibus
    seero, ut compositis
    cbristiani
    cbStiani principes invicem
    invicern saevitis, imposito 3d
    ad maiora
    maioraconvertasocu~
    convertasocu reducti V I 17 aliquando
    .liquando AI
    aliqu&m
    r 19 iam
    am V
    6 rflda.<:ti AI
    &1iquam V
    v
    0 .... I 20 om
    .,"
    .,ium M
    omni
    on; V
    t 20 pro
    pm Christi
    ChrSti ... conB<!rVatione V"*
    V _ . I 24 .,OtiOUIII .......
    V "p.
    . 1'0#
    1>0# mihi I 27. principiis M
    initiis
    initiS V I
    28
    28 comprimat atq"c
    atque inft;.,get
    nf>get M
    COII001
    ltingat
    l ringat V I 31
    3 1 v .. tris
    uS M
    .,ostril
    .,osti. V
    . et V
    v
    .f

    _ . r

    CI>I .

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPlSTOLE.

    4"

    10s,
    los, vaga.ntemque
    vagantemque perChristianorum
    perChristia.norum fines furibundum hostem et cuncta
    mmantem, prosternentem conspicias.
    Unde putas eum in
    tantam insolentiam prorupisse ? Nimirum, quia
    vos cemit, christianos prncipes,
    principes, invicem bella gerentes, manus nostras
    sa.nguine madentes,
    ma.dentes, arma Christianorum cruore foedata.
    s nostrorum sanguine
    praecipuam Graeciae civitaHaec illum
    il1um audacem faciunt. His fretus praecipuarn
    tem nuper aggressus expugnavit, diripuit, extenninavit.
    extennnavit. Quod si vos,
    tern
    ut christianos principes decet, posito hostili animo conoordes atque
    unanimes intelligeret
    intellgeret ad christianae religionis amplificationem
    amplficationem incummcum10 bere, mihi crede, non
    modo alienis abstineret, sed loco maximi muneris
    fnes suos posse considere. Eia igjtur, princeps inclyte,
    duceret infra fines
    Christianonm inter se odiis, quod
    expergiscere aliquando et exstinctis Christianorum
    tibi, qui et auctoritate plurimum et sapientia polles, facillimum
    facil1imum erit,
    ulciscendam
    pacatos ac tranquillos animos indue et, ut tecum una ad uJciscendam
    15
    . barbarorum iniuriam, ad exstinguendum christianae
    chStianae fidei hostem, ad
    eam civitatem, quae olim
    o1im vestrae reipub1icae
    reipublicae fuit, quaeque adepta
    Peloponnesum occupent,
    victoria futura est, antequam barbari etiam Pe!oponnesum
    allice. Nihil hoc utilius imrecuperandam incumbant, hortare, provoca, aUice.
    hil Italiae et universa.e
    universae Christianorum reipubJicae comperio tuo, nihil
    20 modius, nihil immortali Deo acceptius, nihil
    nrnil nomini tuo gloriosius fa re si quid palitatem
    parvitatem meam posse cdsitudo tua
    cere potes. Qua in
    intellexerit
    ntellexerit vel in !eniendis
    leniendis DO$trorum
    nostrorum animis vel in
    iis ad bel1um
    bellum barbans inferendum adhortandis, nullum laborem,
    baris
    Iaborem, curam, sollicitudinem
    dominatio vestra.
    recusabo.
    recusa.bo. Bene valeat illustrissima d<lminatio
    26

    Bononia,
    Bonoa, die 13. 1ulii
    ]uli 1453.
    Ex

    1 per M
    circa V I! 4 \<Oi
    \<UOi cern;t
    cernit M
    noacerint
    noacerit V
    I! ~ madelltes
    nadelltes M
    l1UIo<:ulatas
    na:uJau.s V I
    7 e.:tenIt'nav't
    :tenI,, M
    ext;oxi\
    ! 7 vos
    os M
    ,,01 V I
    8 iooumboro M
    '"'urge
    ill,u,ge ... V 1 12,.,.extinxit V
    12 espergscere,
    :perg_re V I 17
    J7 PeUeponllcsum
    P<,Ueponllcsum Y
    !

    pergiscere, e.:pergi_re
    I 21 tua celsitudo Y I 22 is
    s II
    hi.
    b... V I 24 ve.tn. M
    tua V

    478

    })ESSARIONJS
    J;:SSARIONJS

    SO.
    30.

    < ACp:..~)
    Awn'TPIIo.~)

    <-.,
    <
    :&1]-.,'W\I MlXafll.
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    b 'lkiefe (30 - 3'). in


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    an<1 Doch
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    ..tertl:1UI8 Ko
    _
    _
    . 30. betrifft dea
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    U"te:;aog
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    tiDopc:oIa
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    .... batte BunTioll
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    Ged.nko
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    engegeben. du
    d sti
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    &ch MOglicbkeit
    Mglicbkeit zu
    .. rette".
    retteD. Z"
    z"ncbst
    ... cbst woIlte
    wollt..
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    e4l:eDe Bibliotbcok
    gro .... tt&
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    wie er auadrttcltlich
    ............
    Bibliotlcok groa
    bauen.
    W"iler 8Ch_bto
    h_bto ihm.
    h.m, ...;.,
    &uadrttcllch
    aagt,
    aart. bereit
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    danah der
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    BeoatZll"3' hlttea.
    hl.tte.
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    ... daher
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    .

    '4"

    1_.

    _tte

    4"

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

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    BESSARIQNIS
    BESSARIONIS

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    .3
    3 B

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    ni

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    DionY5io.
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    ullten
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    Q"'ntusbandocl>.rift
    VII . ..
    nten den Nac
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    "OblOrlllOtlOr .. ng : Venedig. Cod. 10(
    (. 243
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    "Obedleteunl'
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    Ep.35.
    .35 . Beslarjun
    Be5l&rion hat den Diony aio
    a io l von
    Halikarnall
    HalikarDa erhalton
    chaltw und 1'1>ab~ben lusen.
    lassen. Er
    wUnscht wejter Kommenta.n: tur
    Rhetorik und
    uod Poetik des Ari;
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    a toteles. DieTextellelber
    DieTextee1ber habe er.
    er, AUes
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    brige aus
    aU8 !jejnern
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    wie viele
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    ncht - .kalln
    kallD ~wei Quaternionen im
    Tag e-rlcdig"".
    e.-ledigen. So
    50 haben ";C
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    g&nze n
    zwei Tagen abg:
    abg:,-bebell.
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    noch dic
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    Ap liDeI.

    "Ober
    'berlieferung:
    lieferu"g : Venedig, Cod. Man;. gr. 527,
    5, fol. 244-~44 v.
    . Entmalip
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    Lamproa: ,;
    Nto.; 'SU'I'j'iQ"vill'W"
    '>."I'j'IO~." 11 (l
    (lg0.s)
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    3351JQ.
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    EI'.
    '. 36. Theodoro. Ga.e
    Gaoe . war augenecheinlieh
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    W<:gen der
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    $.214)
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    desw~ an Beua_
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    geW3ndt. Diese
    Dieser .ueht
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    ""ht ihn mit
    rnit dem vorlie_den
    VO'I'lie_den Brief &ufzuric.hten,
    ""
    ibm zun&chst
    ibtn
    zncb.s seino
    no eigene
    egen., Niederg'I'h18genbeit
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    "".hlLlt, d""o
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    <.". fraglicheo
    fraglchon Obersetzuog der Probl_&ta
    l'obIC01&ta wie
    we der Oher.
    Ober.
    tragung von
    on The o ph
    phra
    ... s ts Botanik he.-a.uMtelit.
    he-au .. tellt. Oie
    .. Arbe.it sei nicht leicht
    Ie;cht gewesen;
    das Ergebnis
    Ergebni.s werde aber Anorkeonung
    Anerkennuog finden,
    fnden, zum mindesteo
    mindesten bei NikoI&UB
    Nikol&us V
    "
    .. &111
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    d-nen
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    wenige, d ie du Werk ~
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    nur wenlge,
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    ..,..
    zen wiMen_
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    eno "'"
    es ihm &bor
    &ber auf
    au( du Urt";!
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    dor breten
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    her ist
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    uod seio
    niebts meh. llbor_
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    ae.i" Anhang gemeint
    gement _ dann m.:!ge
    <go er
    '" uberbaupt nicbts
    ""t~n. Wenn
    Weno .".
    er aber deswegen
    d","wegen um seinen
    ae.inen Lebeo.unterhalt
    Lebensunterhalt zU
    bangen habe, d&nn kOooe
    kno",
    ...
    er bel
    bei ihm
    Ihm leben; deon H
    H&b
    .. b und Gut sei
    ae.i bei
    be Freunden
    Freuoden gemein"m.
    gemein.am.
    Als Abf,,"ungsz";t
    Abf,,"ungsze;t d ...
    es Bride. vermutete A.
    . Ge,cke
    Gereke (Theodor".
    (Theloros Ga..,.,
    C&U, Fest
    FQ$t _
    ""hrift.
    ""h. Creifsw&!d
    Greifsw&!d 1903,
    '903, S.
    $. ~9 0,
    .), der our
    das !.clane
    I.cleoe BrucbstOck
    Brucbstaek bei Migne kannte,
    k""nte, folilbfo1ilbjahr '453 00
    0<1 ... n icht viel spAter
    .p..ter,, ungefIohr";n
    ungeflLhr ein Jahr vor
    ' de
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    .90

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSRIONlS

    38. BeStllrioD
    eriD CanIIlnalls
    CanIIlnalIs
    Lu~ofte
    MahIonl Mant".,.
    ManIflae.
    Lu~ovftG Mahlolll
    EiD
    m Schnibea
    5chnibell llt>ssarioDa
    I'k:ssarioza an
    &D deo Markgrafell
    Markgraf,," Iodoviw
    Iodo;W VOll
    VOII. Mal\tua
    Ma>\tua vom
    on 10. DeOesember
    umber 'ijS,
    Iij8, in
    i: dflm er d_ Markpa1""
    Mara"" bittet, fllr
    . seiD
    se .... Aufenthalt .ilun
    .h. a"e
    ei"e boq .........
    lI
    ulld
    .. d geejA11t1te
    geejA1_ WoIu>uIIr
    Wolun'"r "
    j" Mantua
    Mat .. a zu
    b"wgeQ,
    bULii"''', q .... nw
    nisi vohcmeuti
    volcme:t lI.~tate "'".
    - 5
    >
    domo
    dQ::D.o ..tio "lIid"
    O1l1id., .. a"D>JU;',
    &.,D>JU;',
    in
    Du
    mir Dicht
    rt im
    Das IllIgedruclrte,
    IllIgedlclrte, m1r
    "Cht erreichba
    eechb .... Schreibeo.
    Schrebeo. ist
    nbnlie1
    b.nlel .. ,t
    m Atchiv
    Atch
    Cottoaga zu
    Mant"!i
    Mant"!l ' ......,fO,hrt
    ....,fO,h<t bei
    be L. v.
    . Pastor,
    ", Cetchicllte
    Cechclte derPt.pate. 'll.
    . FmF'ei.
    bur
    bu'll i.
    . Sr.
    .
    S.394 11. j.

    ".....,,0..

    '9O<t.

    39. Benarion
    Besarion CanllnaJls
    Fr.tri
    F,.tt 18co"
    lacoN .e Marchla
    M.fCJIa
    Ordinis Minorum de Observantia Professori.
    Venerabilis pater, saIutem.
    salutem. Ad gloriam Dei et vestram consola.consolationern significamus vobis rern
    tionem
    profecto magnam et optimam et populo
    christiano utillimam, quam etiam poterimus habere pro signo,
    signa, quod u;

    maiestas divina incipit nobis reconciliari.


    10 S"prtUcriplif>'
    S"pr.ucripio: B
    '"
    " enoll,
    )I, Cardill.1i,
    Cardina1i, Neae
    Nieae ..... , ep;.cop"$
    epi8cop ... TuIoculaD.
    Tuocu1aD. ...
    .. s,, Protector
    ordinis
    ordinS aUaOnlm.
    miaona. venenbili
    eneabiJi patri. fl.
    fr. lacobo d"
    d .. Man:hia,
    Marchia, <diDi
    ~ ",in"nll"
    ",on dc obae<"obae"
    vanti&
    """ti. prof
    pmf ' 11
    lI ,..;,
    ri, vttrbi
    vtt'bi divIni
    divn; p"e!icatori
    p"eclicatori .."-;mio,
    ,.-imi", 8miOO
    amioo .,
    11 ....110
    "'0 et
    ot tamqua.m.
    tamquam ""tri
    ""tr

    ""tri.

    C8.s,o.
    ....n..;.alO.

    Ep.l9.
    .39. Auftrag Beuarioas
    Beuaroa. als
    a!s Protektor
    I'roteI:to da
    d_ Fraazid:aller<>r<lem
    Fraazik.n8lOl'de!u aa den fr. J
    Ja
    kob
    Allco"a.
    k ob Piceu
    PicenI . Provi<U:lal
    Proviu:ial du FTalu:i'hneT
    Fau:i'hne dCl"
    dc Muk
    M.~, A"cou
    . nu
    n~ A_II(!:
    _\(!: eiDef
    eiDc
    Hi1f_tnppe. die !lach
    lIach More.
    oJ]. Der
    Dc Kud.iDal.
    diaJ. sibt
    lbt elDe
    el.. n h ...... Schilderuq
    Schj1deruq
    Hilf.truppe.
    Morea abgeben 1IOIl.
    dc 'andocbaftlkben
    I.ndcbftlicbca VerbaI"'i'
    Verb&1tuj'oe
    rD PelopolI"eI.
    II. die .tnr.tegioc.be
    _tnr.tegic.be BedeutuDg
    dOl"
    dCl"
    .. im
    Bedeutullg dlll"
    HalbiDlIel
    Halbel ulld
    und den
    deD augenblicklichen
    .ugeDblicl<!i:hen Stand der oIiDe:t
    poIitiec:b .... Lage.
    La. Die Tllrlten
    TIlIIen haben
    bm im
    :
    vorgangeu.CD
    Id8 du
    Thoer"e.e JalU"
    JaIr 14.58
    d ... Land
    Lad tIrOboTt.
    trobort. Du<t:h die
    d Gegenwehr
    Gege ..ehr d_ Deepoten
    Deote Tho
    Pa.J.ajologo- konuten
    konnten .... t J
    Jalluu
    V6rIo)ftDen P1A~ iilln.,,~b
    _fit
    mas Pa.laiologo....ua.r '.'9
    ' .59 die
    d V6r""""De,,
    ... net~b vOll
    "" _<t
    Monaten
    Monate: wiedergewon..nan
    wiedergewo.nan werdell.
    werde. Z"
    " be:fll<t:hte:
    be:fQ<t:hten ;.t
    at .ber
    aber eID
    eI neu. t1lrkillcher
    t1IOcheI ADgriff
    ADgriff.
    ..
    w_egom
    _egen die
    Ii" GefUu-deten
    GefUdetCD sicb
    scb nach
    ach Rom
    Ror Ilewudt
    IIcwaadt haben
    b.ben . &.ssarlon
    Bsario hofft
    botft rw.......1
    den
    dom kOlllD1enden
    kom:enden X .... UZIUjf.
    uuug. der .uf
    auf dem
    de:n KongreB
    ogreB n1
    n Mantua berate
    beraten werde. Aber fllI
    fllr
    den
    <le Pelopon.Qes
    Pelopo1ues i$t
    at jetzt
    j _ IChon
    cho" Ua.tentllb.uus
    UntentllUunl notwendi(.
    notwedi(. Damit hat
    bat sich
    ich der
    dc" Auttrag
    Auftrag
    fOr fr.
    fOI
    Ir. ]akob
    Jakob ....geben.
    Ibm. Eraoll
    ao dn<t:h
    dll<t:h Predigten
    Predigt.en Leute
    Leutl gewinnen. die
    d;.e 1Cho
    cho .. vordem
    vorden grollen.
    gr<>Be:
    ......noll oa<:h
    a<:h dem
    de:n PeIopoDnelJ
    PeIopon gebeo.
    F1Ir dje
    de PaJt in An

    Unternehmen
    geben. FlIr
    die Oberfahrt
    Oberfabrt ..erde der
    co ... ein
    eiJ Schilf
    Schiff berei.t
    bereit lege.n
    legen I""n.
    ....". Notwed4l;
    Notwendi( sind
    aid 400
    4011 b.
    bio 500.
    5011. mJ.nd
    nnd ... tens aber 300
    3011
    Teilnehm
    TeilDehn
    ..... die
    dC mjt
    nj! Waff.,
    Waffen
    .. "nd
    "Dd Geld tar
    t ein
    eiJ Jahr
    ]h auls_ttet
    aUlsestattet ....
    ei mO_n.
    _. sei _. dalI
    daB
    io H1bst
    Hlb: die
    dJe Mittel
    Nirtel boiUe>..
    daD aie
    ,> du<t:h Spenden zu
    zu_m:enkommen.
    oie
    baitun. oder da
    ......,.,enkommen. z .. di .. n
    lI.". deu.
    de. Teilnehmen!
    TeilDohnen wie
    wc denen.
    dCDeD. di"
    dJ" die Kooitan
    otan a"f
    allf sich
    ich nehmen.
    lIe!u. voIlIcommanen
    voIlIcormanen
    Z....eck ooll.".
    bla verleihen.
    ve1oihe1l.
    Abla8
    Haad8Chriftliche
    Haabchtiftliche Oberliderun8
    Oberlieferu"S """",,tIich
    vermlltlich 1m
    im Arcliiv
    rcl d ... Franri.""
    F-1I;.........
    ......
    ordes.
    rde. Ente Drnckauisabe
    Drllcl..uasabe bei
    be L. Waddjus.
    Waddin8. AII.ftal.
    .na1 MiDorum
    MiDon>m XIII.
    . Rom.e
    Bon ...
    '735.
    '73.5. .
    po 119-'_
    " 9-1%0 (Ex
    ( autographo. ohne gabe
    Angabe deo
    de AufbewahruDgWIteo)
    Aufbewa.hrungt) . Nac.I
    Nac.bgedntckt
    ge:lnckt (mit
    (! vielen Fehlern)
    Fellern) vo"
    VOll Sp. L.mpros
    Lampro. : N..t;
    Nl<l<; ElJ.
    E>........ Ilvi)I'<'>"
    VV 111.
    IU. AtMn
    AtMo.l9Q6.
    1906.
    1-34
    S3
    531-34

    u"".

    ltPISTOLAE.
    UISTOLE.

    '"

    Haec autem talis


    talls est. In
    Graecia est quaedam
    quaeda.m magna provincia.
    provincia,
    quae vulgariter appellatur Morea, eireuitus
    circuitus octingentorum milliariorum,
    mJJarum,
    agrum habens feracissimum,
    feraeissimum, fertiljssimum
    fertilissimum et omnium rerum abundantissim~m, non
    tissimm,
    solum eorum,
    eonm, quae ad usum humanum necessa.ria
    necessa.ra sunt,
    5 sed etiam quae ad omatum faciunt,
    laciunt, panern,
    panem, vinum, carne5, easeum,
    caseum,
    lanam, bombicem, linum, setam, chremisinum, granum, uvas passas
    parvas,
    p'rvas, per quas fit tinctura.
    tinetura. Haec omnia in
    maJdma
    maJma abundantia babentur. Frumenti dantur pro
    uno ducato duo staria
    staa magna Marcbesana, videlicet
    idelicet MCCCC lib. pro ducato. Vinum nihil valet.
    va1et. De carnibus
    10 octo eastrones
    castrones pro ducato. Blada et stramen
    strame pro equis sine numero,
    ita ut ultra habitatores et incolas
    ineolas illius loci
    Ioci potest nutrire
    nutre iUa
    iila patria
    quinquaginta milia
    mIia equitum absque eo, quod indigeat victualibus aliunde. Anno
    praeteto
    praeterito intravit
    inttavit Turca eum
    cum LXXX milibus personarnm
    equestrium
    equestum et eJC:ereitu
    eJ:ercitu pedtum
    peditum innumero et eariagio
    caago infinito, et ste15 ternnt intus quinque mensibus, et tamen
    tarnen abundantiAAime
    abundantis;;ime habuerunt
    vietualia,
    ictualia, et post discessum eius omnes res erant nihilominus
    Mom! in
    vilissimo
    foro. Ita est omnium rerum abundantissima. Praeterea est quasi insula.
    Figura enim
    eim est rotunda et magna et ampla, circumdata undique mari,
    ma,
    praeter unum brachium
    braehium strietum,
    stctum, quo coniungitur
    coniungtur terrae, spat
    spatii sex
    20 milium passuum, quo bene eustodito
    custodito tota patria est secura. Item praeter eivitates,
    civitates, quas habet.
    habet, sunt ibi quasi trecentae terrae muratae, foritem. infinita.
    infinita, et multitudo homitissimae et munitissimae; animalia item
    num copiosa. Item habet situm opportunum ad lta1iam,
    Italiam, ad Siciliam,
    ad Cretam et alias insulas,
    nsulas, ad Asiam, ad Illyricum,
    Illycum, ad Macedoniam
    25 ac
    ae alias
    alas Christianorum partes, ita ut, si in Christianorum manibus sit,
    per eam magna possint inferri damna Turcis
    Tureis ac
    ae magna Christianis
    Chstanis
    utilitas, si Turcarum, magnum immineat
    immneat Christianis
    ChStianis pecu1um.
    pericu1um.
    Hanc igitur
    Rane
    igtur tantam ac
    ae ta1em
    talern provinciam quasi totam occupant
    Tureae infideles. Anno
    Turcae
    raetet
    praeterito eum
    cum magno potentatu intrantes in

    30 eam, etiam
    etam aliquorum maIornm
    malornm virorum proditione, exceptis paucis
    locrum domini, qui sunt duo gerlocis, ad quae se receperunt illorum locorum
    locis.
    mani invicem aaec domini imperatoris
    mperats Graecorum in beI10
    beUo Costantin
    Constantino~
    politano defuncti
    defuneti germani. Sed hoc anno, mense Ianuarii
    Ianuarn immediate
    praeteriti susdtavit
    suscitavit Deus spiritum
    spitum unius illornm dominorum, qui
    qni vo35 catur Thomas, despotes Moreae, Palaeologus. et sumpsit anna contra
    infideles
    infdeles pro 1ibertate
    libertate sua ac
    ae suorum. Invocatus etiam ab hominibus
    tamquam eornm natura1is
    naturalis dominus, et infra duos menses recuperavit
    omnia loca deperdita.
    deperdta . Benedictus Deus
    Des I Res magna et miranda ac
    ae miraeulosa
    culosa fnit
    et est,
    et quae nobis praebeat spem in futurum rerum magna40 rum.
    rum, dummodo sciamus ea bene uti.
    ut;'
    Nunc nu1li
    Nune
    nulli dubium est, quod infidelis Turcarum dominus tamtarnquam ille, qui perdidt
    perdidit magnam
    magnan suam reputationem et magna damna

    492

    BESSARlONIS
    BESSRIONlS

    passus est, omissis omnibus aliis ('um magna furia et maximo poten
    tatu TUrsus
    rursus exsurget contra eos. Et nisi habeant a Christianis subsisubsi
    dium sufficiens, erunt novissima peiora prioribus. Unde miserunt ad
    S<l.IJctum
    sanetum dominum nostrum petentes subsidium 5uppliciter.
    suppliciter. SanetissiSanctssi
    mus
    m dominus noster multum gavisus de hac prosperitate illorum 6
    Christianorum
    Christanorum libenter intendit iuvare eos,
    005, et iuvabit eum
    cum tempore satis,
    ut spero, in
    hac
    hae maxima d.ieta.
    dieta. Sed quoniam magnus timor est, ne in
    hae aestate, in
    hac
    qua $umus,
    sumus, periclitentur,
    perielitentUf", oportet quod pro nunc
    nune ad
    omne longius usque ad medietatern
    medietatem Iul
    Iulii sint ibi aliqui annati,
    anati, qui
    iuvent Christianos. Deinde eum
    cum tempore sanetitas
    sancttas sua providebit Deo 10
    eoncedente.
    concedente. De hoc igjtur
    igitur subsidio ederi
    cderi et
    per aliam
    alam viam intendit
    proidere
    providere et pr
    per viam erucesignatorum.
    crucesgnatorum.
    Ideo considerans virtutem
    irtutem ac
    ae zelum et bonitatem et auctoritatem
    auetori tatem
    vestram apud populum christianum deputavit
    deputait vos in
    hac
    hae re
    per totarn Marchiam,
    tam
    Marcliam, ut per vos vel
    el per alios, quos substitueritis, praedica- 11>
    ;
    tionibus vestris inducatis et exhortemini quoscumque erucesignatos
    crucesignatos iam
    vel nunc
    nune signandos, ut vadant illuc,
    illue, quam citius fieri
    tieri poterit. Et sancsanetissimus dominus
    do:ninus noster parabit navim in Ancona, per quam transfretabunt. Oportet autem, quod sint viri
    bo,
    boni, habentes arma
    a.rma aJiqua
    aJqua et
    habentes expensa.s
    expensas pro
    uno anno, v:idelicet
    videlieet L veJ XL ducatos
    dueatos aut de suo20
    su020
    aut ex eleemosyna aliorum. Quibus daretis indulgentiam plenariam
    tarn euntibus
    tam
    eurtibus personaliter, quam conferentibus expensas pro euntibus.
    Hac igitur conditione
    condtone hortabimini eos,
    w s, !
    ut vadant, videlicet eum
    cum exHae
    non
    sine expensis. Et
    E t quia necesse est, !
    ut hoc eito
    cito
    pensis unius anni et
    fiat, melius
    :nelius est habere quingentos, vel quadringentos,
    quadngentos, vel
    etiam tretre-25
    25
    centos in
    tempore, quam multa milia tarde. Ideo
    Idee non curet paternitas vestra congregare multos, ne
    re consumatur
    corsumatur multum tempus, quod
    erit nobis valde damnosum. Sed sufficit
    soffieit habere usque ad quingentos,
    dumrnodo sint fulciti
    fulcit
    vel quadringentos, vel etiam trecentos ad minus, dummodo
    annis et
    expensis. Et
    emittatis eos usque ad Anconam, et ibi erit
    navis
    Ais 30
    parata ex parte domini nostri, quae eonducet
    conducet eos. Sed oportet, quod
    antea scribatis sanctitati
    sanetitati suae et
    mihi de 00, quod facietis,
    faciets, ad hoc ut
    navis praeparetur expensis
    expens1s domini nostn.
    nostri. Oportet autem, quod ad omne
    longius ad medietatem Iulli
    rulli smt
    sint in
    Ancona. AIiter
    omnis noster labor
    erit
    cassus et
    superfluus.
    superluus.
    3.5
    Accipite crgo hanc
    hane rem corde, vencrabilis
    venerabilis pater, et
    eam zelo fidei
    ChSti, prout soletis, diligenter et
    ! ferventcr peragatis.
    peragatis . Spero enirn,
    enim, quod
    Christi,
    agetis rem magnam et
    utillima.m
    utillimam Christianis,
    ChStanis, et
    ex
    cx qua magnos habebimus fructU
    fmetu 5s et
    :magnam
    magnam consolationem, de qua mu1tum
    multum gaudebitis
    et
    eor
    cor vestrum summe Iaetabitur.
    laetabtur. Haec
    Haee ideo
    idee scripsi paternitat
    paternitati vestrae40
    latius, et de situ et
    ct opportunitate loci et de abundantia rerum,
    reTUm, ut

    sciaUs omnes particu1aritates


    sciatis
    particularitates necessarias ad
    a d hortandum et confortandum Christianos.
    Christianos,
    ut animose hanc
    hane rem aggrediantur. Rogo igitur vos
    passU$

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPlSTQLE.

    493

    per viscera misericordiae


    msericordiae Domini
    Domn nostri Iesu Christi, u
    utt omnem euram
    curam
    et diligentiam huic
    (' adhibere
    adhbere velitis, qui vos
    os in
    omni bono opere
    buic rei
    conservet.
    conseret.
    Ex
    Ferraria,
    Fearia, 20. Mail
    1459.
    J459.
    40. Bessarlon
    BesarIon C8n1.InaIls
    CIInlinalls
    Nard o PaImerlo,
    Palmerlo,

    Accepimus bmas
    binas litteras tuas, ex
    quibus tuam erga nos
    os observanobseran- B
    21
    tiam et devotionem plane intelleximus, quam libenter et,
    , !
    ut aiunt, B
    2P
    21"
    ambabus manibus amplectimur. Nos quoque te
    Narde et ob memoriam
    10domini
    tOdomini Ioannis et
    ! propter parents
    parentis tui erga nos
    os affectionem necnon
    propter bonam spem,
    sem, quam de doctrina
    doctna et
    virtute tua concepimus, te
    cl
    diligimus I;'t diligemus
    dligemus ae
    :: in
    filii
    fli locum continue
    co habebimus et, quicquiequid operis et
    favoris tibi ad commodum et laudem praestare
    poterimus, promptssimo
    promptissimo semper animo praestabimus. Proinde te hortamur,
    15 ut in
    omnibus rebus tuis
    minori fiduda
    fiducia ad nos
    ; recurras, quam ad
    tuls non
    dominum loannem
    Ioannem Aurispam fecisses. Sed haec hactenus.
    bactenus.
    i11os, quos tua manu notatos habemus,
    babemus, tu vero nostra, ro.Libros illos,
    gamus te, ut ad artem
    partem seponas et
    eurn
    cum eis
    ; duos alios.
    alos. Nescimus tarnen,
    tamen,
    " iste secundus liber ita
    . iru;criptus
    iru;crlptus sit; tamen
    tarnen est, quod vocatur Photius,
    si
    20et habet in
    n pncipio
    principio aliquot eartas,
    cartas, ubi sunt capitula inscripti
    mscripti libri,
    sunt semila.ceratae
    semilaceratae cartae, et est liber antiquus. Petimus
    quos legit, et
    etiam
    etiarn a te, ut mittas ad
    nos
    os inventarium omnium librorum
    libronm graecorum
    et
    signiJices nobis, an nos
    os viderimus omnes. Credimus enim,
    enJn, quod habe-bats
    batis alios extra, quando ad vos venimus. Supradictos
    Supradietos libros
    lbros ad partem
    partern B
    22
    25 ponas, ut diximus. et subito significes nobis, an
    a
    a. domi no duce
    duee licenlcen
    tiam habueris vendendi. Quod si habueris, statim
    statm mittemus
    rnittemus m
    unum,, qui
    tecum conveniet.
    co. Si
    5 vero non
    habueris. nosmet dabirnus
    dabimus operam,
    ut
    ab eo
    licentiam
    Jintiam habeas. Archiepiscopus noster solvit aureos
    aureas decem
    nativitate
    natiitate Domini
    Domin tra.nsacta;
    transacta; non
    enim erat
    Leonardo Vematiae in
    30 obligatus
    oblgatus domino Ioanni.
    . sed Leonardo. Ita enim
    m voluerat dominus
    s"",,""~i/JIi<>:
    B
    s"""""~;/J'i<>:
    Palmerio
    Palnerio ...,,~.
    Ml,,~.

    BE77"on opi8cop".
    Th.,,,i&D,,.
    BE77Uion
    opiacop'" Thoc"\&D,,.

    =rdina!js
    =rdinaljs

    Nic.en". Nudo

    Ep
    . 0.
    0. Nardo Pa!me.io
    Palmerio "'.r.
    "'ar. wie
    W .. sicb
    ocb a 1.l
    u s5 dflm
    dem Brief
    Bref ergibt.
    erg. ei"
    ein Verw .... d_
    dter
    des "wi8<:h""
    in~en vorstorbtm
    vorsto'rbenen
    Hum.ru,te"
    JObann es. Auri . pa nnd lebte ...
    wahrscheindos
    .." H
    .. ma.u.ten Jobanne
    ahracheilllich In
    in Ve"edig.
    Venedig. Bos""rioll
    BM""rion sichert
    ocbert ibm wegen
    "'> """er
    oeiner Bczjeh"I>ge.n
    Beziehungen :<u
    %U Aurispa
    Aro .... "e
    oe her2_
    liebe Fnundochaft
    Augenbliek , da er auf dom
    dem Kongrd
    KonguP "
    ~u Mantua
    weilt. ttl'lgt
    licbe
    Fn"ndcbaft ~u . 1m
    1 Augenblkk
    M.lltua we.ilt.
    ... gt
    .ich
    8ich de.
    der Kardioal
    Kard"al mit
    ! Sora:en
    Sor!:"" um die
    .. VergrOeruog
    VegrBenIl& se;ner
    seiner Bibliothek 1.1<1
    UM eneiJt
    erteilt Aul_
    trlge.
    trl. W
    Weon
    .."n er
    e eine E rlaubnis
    rlaubn. %Um
    zum Verkauf
    Veka1.lf du
    d"" Dogt!II
    nog..n (a
    Ca domino duce) ntig
    t& babe.
    noc.ll &ekllich
    geldlich zu
    wiU er
    '" . .. ilnn
    bn ~rken. Auch ein
    eiIl frihere.filbeter Bl1oh<rrkauf
    Bl10hrrkauf in
    iet I1oc.11
    " regeln. 0..
    va....
    aber
    Ober ..",\
    801.1 .ieb
    .icb NlU'do
    Nardo v....g_i"
    &_- '0.
    ".
    lle.
    ]). b.isM.
    b.isMr noc:h u.npdrckte
    u.npdruckte Btiof
    Brief iM
    1: I1berlicofert:
    tberlcofort: Cod. V.e. lat.
    "" 337<'. 101.
    ll.
    U-:a,.
    ar-::a (_ B).
    ).

    .i.,

    V."

    ...

    BRSSARlONIS
    BRSSR10NIS

    loannes, ut obligaret se Leonardo per apodixam manu sua scriptam.


    sctam.
    Et ita
    obligavit se; postea solvit
    solit pecuniam et rehabuit
    rehabUt apodixam suam;
    et ita dixit Ferrariae domino loanni
    oa fecisse. Superest nunc.
    nune, ut scias,
    an dominus Ioannes dictas pecunias
    habuet a Leonardo. Libellus vero,
    peeunias habuerit
    quem habuit
    hahuit archiepiscopus, fadet
    faciet transcribi,
    transcb, ostea
    postea tibi restituet, vel (;
    si id potius voles, dabit tibi pecunias. VaIe.

    Mantuae die 24. ]un


    ]unii I459.
    459.
    41. Bess.rlon
    Besarlon Clr"
    C" naJIs
    nalls
    Geordo Regl Bohemiae.
    Bohem'.,.

    Serenissime
    Serenssime pnceps
    princeps et
    ct exceUentissime domine. Post com.men- 10
    dationern. Die Xx.
    . praesentis mensis, eurn
    c reversus fuissem ex dieta
    Wormaciensi mbergam,
    Norirnbergam, accepi litteras sanctissimi domini nostri
    nst
    eurn
    cum interclusa copia
    copa litterarum
    littea.rum maiestatis vestrae, quas vestra maiestas
    scpserat
    negoto concordiae inter serenissimum dominum, domiscripserat
    pro negotio
    imperatorem et excellentissimum dominum regem
    Ungaae. 15
    regern Ungariae.
    Dum
    Mandabat nobis eadem sanctitas, ut pro ca
    re vel personaliter
    persona1iter veniremus ad maiestatem vestram vel aliquem ex nostris
    nostrs mitteremus. Nos
    subito habitis
    habits dictis
    dietis litteris
    ttes recessimus
    recesSmus ex mberga
    Norimberga et sumus in
    n
    via ad serenissimum
    serenssimum dominum imperatorem. ut exploremus mentem
    eius et. quantum per nos lieri
    e poterit, placemus ad hanc
    hane rem (XImpocompo- 20
    nendam. Postea subito vel veniemus
    venjemus vel mittemus ad maiestatem
    vestram.
    Cetemm,
    Ceterum, quia nunc
    nune instat tempus dietae, in
    qua haec res traetari
    tracta.ri
    eidern, ut in
    debet apud maiestatem vestram, supplicamus eidem.
    easu,
    Ca5U. quo
    fern
    rem hanc
    banc perficere per se possit, velit id facere. Nihil enim immortali 25
    Deo gratius, mhit
    nihil sanetissimo
    sanctssimo dDmino
    domino nostro et apostolicae
    apostolieae sedi acaeceptius, nihil nomini suo gloriosius
    glosius efficere potest. Si vero, quod Deus
    8 $.
    Ms. SS".i>:
    ..pr._ipHt>: Se
    Sere:.iujmo
    ...... ujmo et
    ot exeellelltiu;mt>
    exeellelltiuUnt> priIIcip
    prillcipi I)om;IIO
    Domillo Ceoig;t>,
    Ceig>,
    Bohemi
    BoMr,;,
    et:c.
    oe etc.

    resi illoltriclim<>.
    il1o.teiw

    Ep.
    .. 4" I>et Kardia.al.legat
    .dia.al.legat bat .uf Hiner
    Her RQcknIiH VOll
    W"""a
    Worn:a oac.h
    iIac.h Nlbe"g
    NQmberg
    eiu
    ei:!. pA8~
    pap.~ S<:hrUben
    $clr{beo ~halteJ.
    ~haltell. dem ein
    eio Brief
    riI des
    dee Klllligs
    l VOll
    VOD. Bhmen
    Bhmen 10
    in. Abechrift
    beiplqt war. betJeHeod
    bebeHslId djc
    dje Heratc1Iu"ll'
    Herate1Iur eineo
    eio60 !riedl
    e! eben
    chen Einverneb.mCllS
    EnverDeb.men noi8Che1l
    nrillChen
    dem I<a.i_
    Ka.ieet uDd
    und dem K6aig
    ig VilU
    vu U
    UU.
    ugaru. 1..,
    Im Auftrag
    Auft&g dee
    des Papates
    P.pate 80lIe
    81 er
    e zwecu
    zwe::.. we.iws.it
    tMe!'
    _ V~h'lIdlungeo
    V~h'lIdlungeD entwoder
    e:twoder oeJber zu
    r:u KIIa4
    KIlaJ Ceora:
    Geo: geben
    gebe: odci" eineu
    eiCD B.:voUm1cb_
    B.:v<>UmICb_
    tigten .u aejnCi"
    ejnl" Umgcbu"ll'
    Ugebur Khickell
    chickeo.. In
    NIIlberg
    Nllmbcrg angekommen.
    angekomme. habe Ci"
    " sich lOfort
    otort
    aaf
    &111 den Weg rom
    r:un K&i.ter
    K&i8er gcmcbt.
    gCll'cbt. Nacb.
    Nach Erledigung
    Erledgung diUCi"
    diUl" Angelegonheit
    Age1egonheit werde
    "'trd ~ den
    A,,rag
    A
    .. ttrag an dcn
    den KllniC
    KiC Von
    on Bhlllen
    Bhnen .li8fl1lucn.
    a...-fl1luen. - 0.1
    .. ",eiteren
    weiteren bttcot
    b;ttcot Beaoarinll
    Bari den
    K6nig
    Knig d.riD&and
    d.ingaod ....
    ... 1 dem
    den Reich'Ia&~"
    Reichala&~n Wicn
    Wien Jo6iIoC'"IicQ
    Jo6iIoC>"licb oder
    o:Ier dun:.b. bevoIIm'cb.tigte
    bevollm1cbtigte GeIlaDdte au
    II&ndte
    zu erxheinen
    erxheien..

    .u.

    "Oberlleferung:
    Obnllefnung' Pr.g.
    Prag. Bibliothek
    Bib1iothek det
    de Dombpitehl
    Dobptehl C XIX
    fo!.
    fol. '59. - DruckPrucJ:
    .... g.b.:
    . P..:I.cky.
    p..:.J:y. Fontes RCi"Um
    Rl"Um AuItrlacan1m.
    A~m. II
    Dipt<>m&ta
    Dipor&ta et Acta XX.
    .
    gab., P.
    Wi.... 18110.
    ISIIo. .
    p. 22r.
    22 .

    ...

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

    avertat,
    a.vertat, rem ta.m
    tarn necessariam
    necessaam et sanctam
    sanetam concludere non
    poterit,
    plterit,
    dignetur maiestas vestra dietam ipsam per aJiquot dies differre
    diffee et prorogare, nec ita eito
    cito dissolvere, quousque scilicet
    scilieet nos intellecta
    nte1lecta mente
    serenissimi
    serenissim dom.ini
    domini imperatoris possimus vel personaliter venire ve1
    5mittere.
    Interea vero supplicamus maiestati vestrae humiliter,
    humIiter, ut per hunc
    hune
    eursorem,
    cursorem, quern
    quem de industria
    industa misimus
    msmus ad vestram
    vestrarn maiestatem, dignetur no1)is
    noois rescribere
    rescbere consilium suum et significare
    sig:nificare nobis, quid videatur
    ideatur
    sibi
    per DOS
    nos agi debere apud screnissimum dom.inum
    dominum imperatorem.
    10 Exspectabimus enim litteras
    ltteras maiestatis
    rnaiestatis vestrae
    estrae eum
    cum summo desiderio
    per hunc
    hune eursorem,
    cursorem, eui
    cui commisimus, ut veniat ad nos
    ! Viennam. Et
    quia sumus tractaturi apud VieIUlam
    Viennam de
    ( negotii.s
    negots fidei, et
    dictum fuit

    maiestatem vestram
    estram ro
    pro sua singulari
    singuIari devotione affuturum praesentia1iter,
    tialiter, hortamur tandem et
    ei
    eum
    cum omni humilitate supplicamus, ut,
    16
    tri si
    s fieri potest,
    pltest, omnino velit
    elit ibi
    b personaliter
    persona1iter interesse. Videmur
    Vdemur enim
    esse eerti,
    certi, quod praesente serenissima
    serenissima. maiestate vestra non
    possunt
    res nisi bene et feliciter succedere. Tantam in
    summa prudentia et
    auetoritate et
    auctoritate
    experientia renun et
    magnanimitate
    magnal1imtate et fide
    lide ac devotione
    'tesque virtutibus
    irtutibus vestrae maiestatis
    naiestatis spem habernus.
    Quod si
    ceterisque
    20 maiestas vestra nullo modo personaliter aecedere
    accedere poterit,
    potent, in
    eo casu
    suls viros auctoritatis et bene
    bette minsupplicamus eidem, ut aliquos de suis
    struetos ad nos
    structos
    os mittat eum
    cum mandato,
    ut praeter negotia fidei,
    fdei, in quibus
    qUbus
    nomine vestrae maiestatis versari habebit, assistat etiam nobis in hac
    re concordiae apud serenissimum dominum imperatorem.
    imperatorern. Intelligit
    25 vestra maiestas,
    maestas, quid optemus, a qua, ut diximus, summa
    summo eum
    cum desiestra maiestas feliciter.
    derio responsum exspectamus. Valeat vestra
    Datum Ratisponae, die 26. Aprilis 1-460.
    Eiusdem vestrae maiestatis
    maestatis

    servitor
    30

    B.
    . episcopus Tusculanus, cardinalis
    cardnalis
    Nicaenus, apostolicae sedis
    sed.is legatus.

    496
    '96

    BF.SSAIUON1 S
    BF.SSA1HONI

    42. Bessarlon CardlnaIIs


    Cardlnalls
    ConsulJbus et
    Cortsullbus
    Communltatl CJvUatis
    CommunItatl
    . August.t.
    Augustae.

    M
    28

    Non

    dubitamus magnificentiam vestram intellexisse,


    intellex.isse, q
    quemadmo.
    uemadmo.
    dum ad hanc
    hane dietam, quae pro re fidei a sanctissimo domino nostro
    in conveIltu
    convelltu Mantuano
    Mantnano dcprecante inclyta natIone
    natione gennanica
    genanica indicta 6

    fuerat, ex omnibus, qui per sanctitatem suam


    luam et gloriosissimam caesa
    vocatj fuerant. quam paucissimi comparuere, et hi
    ream maiestatem vocati
    quidem non
    ita
    Ha prompti,
    ut tantae Tei
    rei ne<:essitas
    neessltas postulabat. Doluimu$
    Doluimus
    usque ad intimum cordis nostri considerantes
    consjderantes felicem Turcum, si qua
    tamen
    huiuscem.odi teternmo
    felicitas,10
    tarnen potest esse in
    teterrimo et sceleratissimo felicitas,lO
    um nos
    tanta lentitudine utmur,
    utimur, dum tempus differimus, dum pra.epraeddum
    sidium et debitum totiens Deo ct
    eius
    vicario promissum retardamus,
    circurnquaque manus suas extendere, quotidie immanius aggredi, precircumquaque
    mere,
    e, urgere christianos
    ch ristianos innocentissimos populos
    populos,, sanguinaria erudelitate
    crudelitate
    debaeehari, vastare urbes.
    debacchari.
    urbes, diripere
    di ripere ac profanare templa Dei.
    D ei, viros in
    15
    servitutem
    seritutem redigere, matres familias.
    familias, virgines.
    virgines, pueros ingenuos abripere
    ae impurissimis miJitum suorum manibus eontrectandos
    tradere, hanc
    hane
    ac
    contrectandos tradere.
    vero inclitam
    inelitam nationem.
    nationem, in euius
    cuius potentia summa omnium spes reposita
    fuerat,
    fuera t, unde onmes salutem sperabant,
    sperabart, adeo frigescere, quasi nihi1 ad
    eam huiusmodi res pertineant, eum
    cum tamen
    tarnen forrnidandum
    formidandum sit, ne brevi 20
    tempore - o immortalis Deus averte, quaeso.
    quaeso, et detestare boc
    bot omen-,
    a quibus nnunc
    une ceteri praesidia praestolantur, ipsi aliorurn praesidio
    egeant. Doluimus,
    DoIUmus, inquam, et dolemus ad intimum eordis
    cordis nostri et
    SS",.,,.uripl;o
    ..,.,~pl; od "vil_'
    ".,;_ , Magnificis
    Magntici viJ"ls
    """suUbuI
    .....,UDtat.i Civitatis
    C:itats
    """suUbus et oo.....,uDltat.i
    Augu9t4l>,
    Augus..e, ....ucL.
    amicL. mei5 caris.o.ilD;I
    caris.o.ilD;1 B"
    B""rioa
    .. rioa Epl.!lCOPuI./&.
    j.copU8./. , 3 .
    Non dl1bitalDL1I
    dllbitalDL1I J od ""..,,'''
    , . ".
    "'<Wj>oswil,
    "'Mf>onil, mustn.
    n.l p,iDcep,
    p riDcep<I, pot
    post com
    oommendotionem.
    mendationem. I mago.i1ioentiam
    mag.iicoentia1D vestram ]
    lD.&i_tetn vest
    lD.&i_tem
    v<>8t...... ad ""1"" I 1
    7 {uerao.t
    {IIerar M

    P fucrunt C.
    C. J pe,
    per IIC
    quidem
    quido .. ulli, \>"
    per
    1110.
    r~,
    I 9 TurculD M
    P I 10 huj"..,.....odiM hominis
    P I
    8110. ven>
    vero orat"""
    o"'t""" ad "~"'"
    Tb.unoum
    nui.
    11 <UfierimuaM
    djf!ermu.M ddferimus
    deffermu. P
    I 12 totie
    tot>o"'l
    ... l ot
    totiens
    tot,ens M
    u4
    ud. et dll.".d
    U......... &
    .........
    ...." ...]] "1
    et totie
    tot;:"Ii.
    ...
    C. I 13 cjn:umquaque M
    tu.
    tu. quaque
    P I exte
    ext" ..dore
    do ... M
    extendetur
    extend"tu.
    P I 14
    cl:>.riati
    cl:ria:; .......
    ....""
    1
    ID
    ....
    .. o<::cnt,iesimOfl
    o::cnt,i_imo M
    Chriatianoo
    Chri.tano iiD
    .. i ....""""tias.imoo
    """"tias.m()
    P I 15 p ....,.
    f ....
    .......
    ...,]
    I proph ......... M

    P
    16 vi-rgin.,.
    -rgi:.,. M
    )
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    ".. I 18 o.mDiIl""
    om:il1Q>. M
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    P

    ....

    Ep.
    .,r1.
    . RUD.d8oCbreibeD.
    Ru:d8oCl,ebeD. Buaario
    Bo o.ioll
    .. ......
    a a.t> di"
    die FnrateD ul!d
    uDd Stldte,
    St.dt", m1t
    mit dem
    dllDl er cur
    Tei'Dehme
    TeID hQ>.o am
    om n.
    ".cI"ten
    msten ReichUag
    ReicItog i .. Wi ....
    .. 1I oufforderte.
    auffo.rderte. Di .. vortiqend
    vorliqend .. AuaferttAusfertIgung
    pg iat
    ist .....
    a.t> di
    d ie.. Stadt
    Sta<1t Aug.b"tg
    Augab" r g gericl:>.tet.
    gericl:tet. Eine
    ",. .nd.ero
    andero Auafertlgung
    Aut"ert.igung mlt
    r kleinen
    kleiren toxtlicl:>.eD
    1icl:eD. Abweicl:>.u
    Abwecl:ullger
    .. gen .....
    a.t> KOnig
    KOi Georg
    G "O,g Podi"bI"a<!
    Podob"a<! von.BOb.m
    VOlI. BOb.ID .... ist
    t a"a
    o"a dem textl<riti
    textl<ri ti .... hn
    h""
    Apporot
    ( ~,,_) EU
    ! enehc ...
    Apparat ("'"
    Obulid"rt
    Ob"rle{e tt i.t
    ist dio
    die Ault"ert.igung
    Aut"ert.igug f!1r
    f Ur Augaburg
    Auglbufg;; Ml1ncb,ol!..
    Ml1ncb,or. Cod . 1&t. 4016. fol.
    fot
    28--28 v ( _ M),
    ), h
    I .. rou8gogobo"
    raulgegoben von
    on CbIDeU
    CbIDeII in
    n deI!.
    dor Sitzu
    Sitzurg.beticl:te
    flgabericl:>.tev. der Wkner
    WIon...
    Abdemlo
    Ab:\"ro d . W.
    W . pIl.-J:..t.
    ph il.-lI.i.t. CI.
    c. Wien 18~o,
    18~o., V. Bd. S. 6~5 ( _ C.).
    C.). _ D
    Do
    if> AIlaferti&II"1
    AIIaferti;"g
    .... G.".g
    Georg Podiob7"ad
    Podiobr"ad iat
    iIIt iD
    . ei
    einem
    ........ Ms. Stemberg .
    p . 401
    40.1 I1berliefert,
    llberliefcrt, h
    ...... apgebtm.
    agebm. von.
    VOD.
    P.
    . Pal
    PaIocky
    acky In
    .. den
    dOll Fon.t08
    FOI>.te Remm
    Ren Autt:ria.carulD.
    Autt:ria.<:arum. II
    Dipknn_ta
    DipknData et
    Acta XX.
    . Wien
    wa
    1860, P.
    . 228--z3Q
    . -B,ide
    hss>rp _ioo
    I.m Trt
    1228--zJ<> {_ PI.
    B.lde hSSUD8l'II
    _ilOIlI.m
    Trl Fehler ....1.

    49'

    EPISTOLAR.
    EPISOLAE.

    tantam fidelis
    tantarn
    fidcl.s l
    populi in
    tanta rerum
    rerurn necessitate secordiarn
    secordiam satis mirari
    possumus, eum
    cum praesertim a sanctissimo
    non
    sanetissimo domino nostro, summo
    summa
    pontifice, et imperiali celisitudine
    pontifice.
    celisitudne vocati et requisiti fuerint.
    cum caesarea maiestate et paucis
    paueis his, qui aderant,
    adernnt,
    Convenimus eum
    nessessitate rerum.
    rerum, de quibus agi debebat.
    debebat, locuti
    .'5 saepenumero et de nessessita.te
    locut
    sumus. Ceterurn
    Ceterum euro
    cum propter absentiam aliorum nihiI bo
    boni concludi
    posse intellexissemus,
    inteUexissemus. eommuni
    communi consensu dietam in
    Kalendas Septembris proximi in irnperiali
    imperial euria
    curia celebrandum
    celebranduro porogavimus,
    prorogavimus, melius
    ml!>
    fdei
    esse iudicantes, ut aliquando etsi tarde provideretur necessitati fidei
    IQchrstianae. quam ut in maximum pericum
    pericu1um et
    extremum paene
    lOehristianae,
    discrimen respublica adduceretur.
    Quapropter magnificentiam
    magnificentiarn vestram omni.
    omni, quo possumus, affectu
    per viscera misericordiae Domini nostri lesu
    Iesu Christi et fidern,
    fidem, quam ci
    ei
    tcnemur, per tremendum eius iudieium,
    tenemur.
    iud.icium. per spem salutis vestrae hor15 tamur, rogamus et
    ct obtestamur et nomine apostolicae sedis et sa.ncti!;Simi
    sanetissimi M
    28
    domini nostri, qui alias vos
    ; vocavit, requirimus, ,
    ut, quemadmodum
    fidelem
    fidelern atque catholicam
    catholcam civitatem
    civitatern decet.
    decet, huic
    huc rei dimissis omnibus
    ineumbatis,oratores vestros praedicto tempore et
    ct ante
    antc praestitlitum
    praestitutum
    incumbatis.oratores
    diem
    diern mittatis llraves et
    maximae auctoritatis
    auetoritatis viros,
    iros. qui merito digni20 tatem vestrae reipublicae
    reipublicac repraesentant,
    repracsentant, qui sint ad rem.
    rem, de qua agitur,
    agtur.
    prompti, qui non
    modo ~
    i~i hoctatione
    hortatione non
    egeant.
    egeant, sed ceteros aucauetoritate et exemplo suo moneant, excitent, inflamment,
    inflammcnt, sint ,
    primi,
    qui veniant, sint
    smt ultimi, qui recedant,
    recant, habeantque a magnificentia
    magnifieentia
    vestra facultatem
    facu1tatem ad concludendum et acceptandum,
    acccptandum, quicquid
    quiequid in ipsa
    JUSdieta
    udieta decernetur.
    decernetur, ita !
    ut non
    sit opus eas amplius
    amplus consulere nce
    nec aliquid
    alquid
    5ic enim in infinitum procederetur.
    Non ego
    cgo sum, qui vos
    replicare. Sie
    voc;o, magnifici
    magnifiei viri; sed vocat vos
    ; verus
    ; et indubitatus lesu
    Iesu Christi
    vicarius:
    vos ipse Iesus Christus.
    Christus, filius Dei vivi,
    icarius: sed vocat vo!
    iV. qui plorans
    in eruce,
    cruce, quod affigi videt ab hostibus suis populum suum, querri
    quei ipse
    se
    30 summa
    sumrna. cantate
    caritate dikxit usque ad mortem.
    mortern.
    1 oecot"d1am
    ecot"d1am ..
    "",",miom
    scm;om
    p 14 et 1'&Ucis
    paucis M
    J Cl,"".
    CI '"". et 1
    6 boni M
    bel".
    beI'" Cl
    CI \ 7 Ka.a.
    Jendu
    kmd" "M J(a1&\di.
    Kalmldil
    P I 12 m&gniliceutia.m]
    m&gnilicentia.m] ill
    ilb...
    .. tritaeflm ...,~.,. ... I 13-14 "Uidem
    "d..... qum
    quam
    .,;
    ... te ....muT
    mu~ ,,",
    P,,", .. 1 14 alutb
    ... vestr&e M
    _tutiI
    _tuti ......
    .....ttae,
    ttae. e~
    poeT ID&lnitudinem
    lD&Iit"db:em d"niqufI
    d"iqufl animi
    m.i vestri ." ...
    r.,, . .. I 15 et M
    ..tqUfl
    tqUfI
    P I obttamur
    o~tam .. r ] opte.tam
    opte_tanu.
    .. r Miet
    et "om;
    comi .... M]
    ] C.
    CA
    ,,", et 1
    15--16 et ncctj
    n"ctj"
    in; .. voca.vitl ad
    Ad r.t
    ~.."
    16 qUfl",l
    a4 n"",
    ,.,,"
    ""'.
    ..im;
    ... 0 ....
    .... 1
    qUflml dmo<!um]
    dmodum] .a4
    add.
    aI4. ~"
    g~....o,,,.m 101 magnantmum
    magnanmum p1inc,ipom,
    ptinc,ipam. quemadmodum fidfll
    fidfl!,....
    ..... "tqIIfl
    atqufl catholicum
    catholicull1
    domjnum ] ...s
    ... r.'
    "'.....
    . ... 0 ....
    .... catholie&ll1
    ea.thoiC& civitatoom
    ciitatoom 1
    11- 21 huic
    hule ........
    rei ... proood_ur]
    prooodMetur] tul
    J
    f'"1 10>
    "'" dim;";.
    dimj .. j. omnjbul
    omn.ibul p1'Opn;.
    omll;
    ..to" ..
    p1'Oprl;. curis
    eOllls "tqlZfI
    atqlZfI cnegoWo.
    ..
    011111; oxcu
    oxe""'OII"
    1'IIiect&..
    ..... ect&.. hlle
    c p..non&llter
    pconali _, quo di>rimUI, tempo ... etiam ante
    .nt" p ...... titulum
    t:tuIum dl
    dI ..... veni&ti8.
    v"n&ti8.
    27 magnlfici
    ED&gDlfiC viri
    i M
    ! ] .."
    .. "",_ ""'.
    ,,", 1
    voc:at va.
    . M
    J .."
    J
    I 27- 28 Vel'U'
    en. .. ..
    . viiuriu.. M P]
    ea.u
    ] C
    CA.
    _
    _.. 1 28- 2 qui plo.-.cl
    plo.-.CI . . alfigi
    &lfig MJ r-1O>
    "'"
    P q";,,ff1igj
    q ..;affligi 1 30 lummacarilummae&
    tatfl M]
    t&te
    ] P
    _. I morUom]""
    orm] J ""t
    ""....
    . ... tMd.
    ...d. Quod .; fortfl inge'"
    iO>ge'" "I
    " Insup...-abilis
    Inuporabilis al'qua
    &1'qua
    "oe
    11
    .. : ";tai
    "ta adve.lltum
    &de.Eltum vi08l:rafl
    vMl:r&fl Hl'fIftitat!&
    HtfIniUti8 impO!diret,
    IIIpodiret, mittat
    nitt&t o ... to..... s"","
    _" grav. . .1
    t ",exi_
    maxi_
    mae .."c_itatll
    "c_itat viroI>
    iro> qllI
    qlll .QI"';to
    m.nto PfI"OD&m
    pen<lD&m. Unlnitas
    IlfInitats V
    r..o
    .. ~ rfIPrUllntent,
    ropraO e ntellt, qul
    1101118.,
    o.rdJDa ,,,..,
    10.
    lIIohl
    .. , lto.rdJDQl
    IU.

    r.,_ ""', ",.,

    gow..

    r.'.... .....

    ,,,,,.1"...

    <..

    BESSARIONlS
    BESSRIONlS

    Nihil faoere magniticentiae


    rna.gniticentiae vestrae possunt in
    n omni
    onn vita sua di
    gnins, nibil laudabilius, nihi1
    gnius,
    nibi! immortali
    immorali Deo acceptius. Nos interea,
    inteQ,
    quantum nobis divina clementia
    clementia. suggeret, caesarea. maiestate favente
    conabimur
    conabnur hanc
    bane inclytam proncia.m
    provinciam pacatam reddere.
    redden:. Qu.od
    Quod si adversante hoste humani generis prohbebimur,
    prohibebimur, in hac eadem dieta opere 6
    et consilio vestro ac ceterorum, qui aderont, nos
    ,> eam
    earn rem
    rern oomposituros non
    dubitamus. Quod
    od ubi tunc
    tune quoque negaretur, non
    tamen
    tarnen
    debebunt privatae aliquae
    a1iquae causae commune reipublicae
    reipublcae bonum et
    Christi negotium impedire.
    VaIeant magnificentiae
    magnifcentiae vestrae ac per hunc
    hUe nuntium aliquid 10

    rescribant.
    Datum Viennae, dje
    die prina
    prima Jun
    Junii 1460.

    43. Ben.rlon
    Bearlon CardInaIIs
    CardlnaUI
    NleoI.o
    Nleol.o S.cunfino.
    S.cun..
    Dieoer
    .. s 10
    .. Niko
    Niko!.o.
    .. s Wie1l.1
    Dieer ungedruclrte Brief
    Ben.rio
    e ...
    '""
    laos Sekundino.
    Sekundinos a ...
    We1l.1 5

    vom n . Augqtt
    VOIJ\
    g li60
    _-460 i$t
    $ tlbuliefert'
    tb".l.,f"rt, E.curI
    E.curh,\.
    .. I. Cod.lat.. lV.
    IV. 26. foJ.
    fo1. 2611 267.
    n , 28. _ EiD Schreiben
    Schreibm VOll
    VOII Nikolao . S"kundinos
    S"kund!"O. &1l
    a.. B "
    ' 77,non,
    EPrion, 1,".
    IM. ScripHr&m
    Scripran>
    priM
    prio1' , ..
    . Du,
    D .. , .. . et virtutis prun.iun
    prul1lium post bac adeptu> : Eleur;a!.
    E.cur;8oI. Cod. lat.
    I.t. 8o.
    a. IV.
    ~6. fol.
    !. 27 ', n. 30. Vgl.
    g. P
    .. GuUlenno
    Gu!1Iemo Antolin, Cat&logo
    Catalogo de 100
    ! codicea
    coIc d .. 1& ......1
    bi.blotcc.
    bibliotec& de EscoriaL
    E:scorial Madrid
    M&did 19'0. I I~.
    20
    Den T""t deA
    de Briefes, du
    den ich ent
    m nach Aba:h~B
    Abac:h~uB des
    de Dnlcu.,ueA
    DlcUaue erhielt.
    et:hieIt. teile
    ich unten in den
    de: N&Ghtr.geo
    Naehtrt.geo zu
    VOI";"'gcndem.
    vo;egcnd.en Bend
    Bnd mit.
    nit.

    44. Besurlon
    8arlo Cl!rdlnaUs
    CrdInaUs
    laco"
    I.co" Amman.tl.
    AmmanaU.
    pater, amke
    Reverende pater.
    a.ce carissime. Post salutem.
    saJutem. Veniente vene-25
    rabili
    rab1 magistro Francisco de ToUcto,
    Tollcto, q ui de onmibus informatissimu5
    il1fomatssimu5
    est, et sanctissirn.o
    sanctissimo domino nostro scribo et vobis nil aliud
    allud nisi in littelis
    sint
    eint &d 1'en,
    um, de q_
    ql1& agitur.
    . pronpti,
    prompt;, qui nnn
    on ...
    ",odo
    odo 'psi
    ipsi hortatione
    hort.tione nnn
    on epant.
    (I.n. _
    ce_
    auctnritat .. "t
    et .".
    <Il<emplo
    luO mnn..."t,
    inflamment. $int prij.
    printi. qui v
    ....
    tero
    8ouctoritat
    ...... luo
    non..."t, ""cit_t, inflamm_t.

    &. eint
    en ultini,
    eced . h&be&ntque
    h.be&ntque 80
    naiutat .. vestn,
    f&cult&ten &d.
    nlant.
    ultimi, qui nocednt.
    a maiutate
    veotn, p&n.
    plen&m facult&tern
    coD<:ludenduDI et """"'PtaDduDI,
    coacludenduDl
    a<><:epta.dUDI, quldquid
    quIdqUd in ipee
    ipose dietr. d<>Cenletur,
    decen:>etor, ita
    tu.
    ut <non)
    <"on) ..
    ait opus
    .
    -...
    e &DIpliuI
    aapliu8 consu1ere.
    conIU1ere. """
    oec &liquid
    iquid repli are;
    a.re; oic
    oie rel
    reI in
    t> iIIlinituDI
    ilintuDl pl'OCfld
    pl'OOflderetur.
    ....etr. T
    1 D!&.
    Dl&.
    guiljqiltiae
    gniIjCIIIu.o v
    v ....tn.e pouunt
    posaunt M
    1
    ] All
    ,.'"
    g.", o.ereniUl/O
    .erent> v
    vetra
    . .tra pote
    poteet I 111&
    __ M
    1
    ] er..",..
    c..",.. I
    Ii opere]
    opere 1 ope M
    I 6
    6 VeAUo
    vetro ac
    a:: M
    1
    ] tui
    ui "g_""'.
    ",_.",.. I qui aderunt
    .,ou M
    1
    ] tui
    ui ".,.... ",.,. I 10 Va_
    V8o_
    ,,~,_ I 11 reecribant
    I..."t Dlagnifiecntiao
    DIRgDjficntiao VeAtn.e
    vetn.e M
    ValeAt
    a.\e dotninatio
    dotui .. tio veotra
    etn. <Jd
    d "~""
    reec"b.nt M

    tr
    ibo.t
    'ib.t All
    re,e",
    rege", I S""unptic
    S""ri.pM tui
    ui nr_:
    re'.... ' Eiu
    Eiu"'em
    ..... m VeAtn.e
    v ....tn.e mll:
    mI!: tatis SMearion
    Mearion epi
    ";'
    .copua
    8COpu& ThUICUIanUI.
    Thuul&nul. can!in.
    cat!; li"
    ;" Ncae"I,
    NicaenDl, .....ctiasin>ae
    ctiasi.:ae 8oposto!ic:ae
    aposto!ic:ae aediI
    edi legat
    tegatlll.
    ....
    Ep.44.
    .44. Glacli:wuo""'vhreiben.
    GIacl:Wllnch",hreiben B
    77'
    "'Rrinn.
    onl an Jacopo de' Piceo(om.ini.
    PiCCO(om.t>;. der be
    bieher .postoliseh
    8opostolsc:h .... SeIonIta.r
    Se.nta.r
    zn
    d ....' ..': Erhehung
    Eollg allDl
    aODl Bi... hnf
    hof von
    vo P&vi&
    P&via
    (18. Juli
    Ju1i '460) .
    Obe.lieh.rt
    ung<dnlckte Brief:
    Vat. Arm.
    Vberl"r .. rt ist
    der bisher noch "gedlc.kt"
    : Arch.
    Arcl. V8ot.
    AD. XXXIX

    tom..
    ton. 10, fot
    { 18.
    .8. Du PootxriptUDI
    Pootxrip1:IIDI findet
    indet lieh
    i<:h 80ltf
    auf einem
    et>en aagek!(tbteu
    angekl(tbte ZetteJ.
    Zettlll.

    gew_.

    4..

    EPISTOLAE.

    et manu
    nan propria vos <salutans). Si novum de vestra promotione per
    caballarium
    ca bal1 aum nostrum dictum esse veru.m
    verum est, laetamur
    laetarnur tamquam
    tarnquam deho-nore
    amid.
    amici. Si nondum,
    nondurn, Deuset illud et maiora concedat,
    coneedat, quod et faciet:
    etenim meremini. Et si non
    accipimus litteras
    Itteras vestras, litteras domini
    .5 nostri
    nost reputamu.s
    reputamus tamquam.
    tamquam vestras. Per manus enim vestras transierunt.
    Et hic
    hie habemus pro certissimo,
    certisSmo, quia
    qua vestra djBgentia
    diligentia mereamini habere
    responsa principis. Deus custodiat paternitatem vestram
    vestTam ad multos
    annos. Wiennae
    Wienae 12. Augusti 1460.
    Post scripta.
    scta. Recepimus quasdam
    quasdarn amieorum
    amcorom litteras, per quas cer
    1() tificati
    ticati sumus de vestra promotione. Laetamur
    Laetarnur summe.
    suune. Proficiat vobis
    vobS
    in sa1utem,
    salutern, amice.
    ami.ce. Sit vobis
    obS initium
    intium maiorum ad gloriam
    gloam Dei. Va1eat
    Valeat
    paternitas vestra.
    vestra..
    Idem B.
    . Cardinalis

    16. Augusti.

    .c5.
    .c. Besnrloa
    8enrloa Clr4J".U.
    Cr4J".u.
    Plo
    Seev.n.o
    Pontifici Maximo.
    MaXmo.

    Beatissime pater et clementissime


    clernentissime domine I Post humilem com
    cam
    mendationem et pedum oscuIa beatorom.
    men<iationem
    beatonun.
    Applieuit ultimus cursor vestrae beatitudini!>
    Applicuit
    beatitudinis sexta praesentis eum
    cum
    20 breibus
    brevibus apostolicis ad principes convocatoriis. Quae maiestati impe
    A _ A:n:h.

    v ..t . B _ Pvh",lUUt. P _ p.1mlerl.

    m j1em . . . heatonlm
    17- 18 Poet hu
    humjlem
    beaton>m 11
    B OM.
    . I
    18 obscuh!.
    obscub. A

    P I 19 _
    ] V
    pr ...
    "tia
    ntia 11
    Al

    presentia
    preseotia

    Ep.
    -...gekomm~QeQ pl.pst1cheQ
    plpstlicheQ Einladllo.gaschreiben
    . 45. Die
    De -...gekom.m~QeQ
    Ein1adllo.gaschreiben (zum
    ( Bejch.tag)
    ..,;.ell..m.rt
    j 8Ofort ....
    & die
    de FOrstell
    Frstea weit8'1[egaagell
    weiteegagea . Den
    De: E~zbi$:ho
    E~zbi$t:hof ....,..
    on Sahburg
    Salzburg hoobe
    luolN er eig"".
    8~beteJI., penl!Ikb
    8~bete.I.,
    pen61!lkb Z<l
    ~. Da.il<
    Da!l. t ar
    i1r daz per8Jlicl
    penlIlich eil
    _a ihn
    ih 8~ricltete
    8~richtete Breve
    B...,ve
    ....
    d,i_ AuaI<uatt
    Aual.uatt Ober ~
    den Magjster
    Fnnciclll de
    ......1 die
    di~ dem
    Magister FnlIIciICIIS
    da ToUeto
    Tolleto zllged&clt~
    zllged&cht~ Allfg
    Allta:..bo.
    bc. Zwilochen
    Zwiochc: d ..... EnbilChof
    Echo "011
    "OD Mai",
    ", UDd
    uad dtIUI
    de Pfa.!.grafel1ln
    Pfa..grafel1 n Friede zu.t&lId~
    zllnelld~ gekommcu.
    gelom"".
    Ebenso hofk M
    EbeMo
    ellf
    _uf die
    de baIdi:~
    baldis~ AIlUOhD.ung
    uh der Gr_fen
    Gy..fell ....,..
    on Wnrttemberg
    WIlrttemberg ....
    und VclVelde
    deDZ
    ... mit
    "';t d~o
    d~qt ptalqratcn.
    ptalqratCII. Die
    Di~ Auaeinandenet~ungen
    A..aei"""denet~IlDgen de:r Bauern
    Bauern. mit
    ..,; dem Kaiaer
    aiaey lind
    zlllll.
    8TQllerl
    8TQIIen. Tei\
    Teil behoben. hn
    ". Nachgrebu
    Nachrlreibu berichtet M
    jedoch, da
    daB .ich
    .icl dj
    d...... Vuha.adlll"ll""
    haadlllgen dllICh
    dcl du E.iDsreifCII
    Eieifcn des
    de Bischof.
    Bichofs von
    vQa OllllQu
    OlnQts ze,,
    ze1l ;Nagen
    ; Nagell haben.
    habell. DfIr
    Bi... bof 1ft
    ~o
    ~D D.chdrCIdilich
    a.chdrdilicl YOOl
    von P_pst
    Pepot ltU hMtrafen.
    bMtrafen.
    Wenn der
    de:r pl.pst1iche
    pl.pstllche Kurier
    x"rier ....
    lUD 6. d .. M.."..ts
    M<>nat ....
    &Ikam.
    kam. 10
    W&~ das wohl Im
    ". Augun
    Au~
    1460: deon
    den der Re;ch.sts.g
    Re:hst&g _t"d~
    _Td~ ....
    lUD '7. September
    Sepember erffu~.
    er6ffu~t. EbelldahiD
    ladahin deutea
    deuteIl die
    de
    mitgeteilten Nachriclte.
    mitgetei..\tea
    Nuhrichtell. So
    50 wjrd
    wird B

    '' rin
    D ... Brief wohl
    woh1 geg
    gege.o
    .... Mitte A\I8Illt
    u:u 1460 geaehriebell
    ehriben .......
    fIo8 .
    Ob~rliflf~nlDg; Al"ch.
    b~rlief~nng;
    ATch. Vet.
    _t. A_
    _ . XXXIX
    tom. 10, fol. 7" (6" .) (schwer
    (chwer Ie_1ic.h).
    _lich). Drn~k_",g
    Drll~k ..",g .. b~n: A.
    . B_~hm_nll,
    Be~hmenll, Ur1rundliche
    Urkundliche Beibt.ge
    Beitt.ge z
    . Oaten._D.,,,'
    Oatr<.-Dut .. b""1
    G
    .-hichte
    -hichte im
    Zeit.lter
    Zetatter Friedricha
    Friedcla 111.
    IU. FOI:It...
    Fo:t... RtmUD
    Renu:a Auttriaca.Nm.
    ~n. H.
    . AbtJ3. Dipto.
    Dipo.
    atataria
    :tatai& et Ac:ta 56. Wien
    wen JIJ92. S.3
    S. J (mit
    (ni T HIfehlem),
    nfehlem), G . Palmieri:
    p .. lmieri: 11
    n Mu..toriIII
    (Rom
    (Ran .. 189,)
    1895) .
    p. "'_51.

    b...,

    32'

    500

    BESSARlONlS
    BESSARIONlS

    riali et domino
    riall
    domno Gurcensi dirigebantur, illemet
    Wemet praesentait.
    praesentavit. Quod. veTO
    vero
    dOmlno Saltzburgensi scribebatur, ego misi per aliurn nuntium eurn
    donUno
    cum
    litteris meis, quibus eum multis
    mults precibus om,
    , ut attenta propinquitate
    ve1let venire pelsonaliter. Cursor vadit ad alios.
    alios.
    Breve
    Bree autem mihi scriptum et
    ct eum
    cum debita reverentia
    reverenta suscepi et
    ct 5
    euro
    cum magna iucunditate legi. eurn
    cum viderim, quod tanta clementia tantaque suavitate verborum vestra pietas erga servulum
    5erulum suum utatur.
    Ago summas gratias vestrae beatitudini, quod dignata fuerit mihi ape-

    rire commissionem factam


    lactam venerabili viro
    ro m.agistro
    rnagistro Francisco de ToUeto.
    Tolleto.
    Sed. parcat vestra
    estra dementia
    clementia praesumptoni
    praesumptioni meae. rllc
    ut optimus
    optmus et
    ct 10
    fide1is
    fidelis vir
    i fecit. Me vero nU
    ! aliud
    a1iud movit
    moVt Risi
    nisi cupiditas conformandi me
    piis desideriis vestris,
    estris, ut, si quid scilicet esset, quod meam tangeret
    curam, seirern
    scirem adaptare me vestrae sanctitatis
    sancttatis voluntati, quam in

    omnibus cupio
    sequi. Ipse magister Franciscus, beatSSime
    beatissime pater, qui
    prudens, sagax, eautus
    cautus et optimus
    optmus vii"
    est, quique mecum saepius fuit 15
    apud caesaream maiestatem et de omnibus informatissimus
    infonatssimus est, ves1ram
    iram beatitudinem de eunctis
    cunctis reddet certiorem. ldeo
    Ideo non
    ero
    erG longus
    in scribendo. Dignetur igitur
    ig:itur vestra dementia
    clementia pensatis omnibus, quae
    referet circa negotia
    negota tum
    turn Ungariae 1um
    turn fidei.
    fidei, cogitare, quid mihi
    mih manna
    dandum
    d.andum sit, in tempore ut faciam
    facam;; nam absque expresso mandato 20
    vestrae beatitudinis hinc
    hine me non
    movebo, etiam desperatis,
    desperati.s. quod absit,
    rebus; et quicquid
    quicqud mihi
    mhi vestra pietas mand.averit,
    mandaverit, tamquam divinum
    d.ivinum
    oraculum
    oracu1um amplectar.
    ampleetar.

    Pax facta est sive subiectio inter dominum Maguntinum et Palatinum eum
    cum honore Palatini,
    Pa1atini, quemadmodum
    quemadmod.um illa alia.
    ala. fdeo
    eo scripsimus
    scripsmus 25
    oratoribus nostris, ut revertantur. Restat adhuc
    ad.huc discordia
    d.iscorda comitum
    comtum de
    Virteberch et de Veldentz eum
    cum Palatino. Speratur, quod etiam illa cito
    paeabitur. Differentiae
    pacabitur.
    Differentae terrigenarum
    terrigenarurn eurn
    cum maiestate imperiali
    imperali pro
    maiori parte compositae sunt. Oe
    De facto domini ducis
    dueis Mediolani nondum
    habui in totum animum domini
    domni imperatoris.
    mperatoris. Haec cura eum
    m suis
    sus im- 30
    pedit eum. Me humiliter conunendo
    ped.it
    oonunendo sacris
    saeris pedibus vestrae sanctitatis.
    sanctitats.
    Wiennae.

    Postscripta: beatissime pater! Negotium terrigenarum


    tergenaru.m eurn
    cum domino imperatore ruptum est totaliter opera episcopi 01omacensis,
    Olomacensis,
    prout magister Franciscus
    Franeiscus referet. Dignetur sanctitas vestra digne 3Ii
    3

    <I
    < ve1Iet
    velIet A

    P mallet
    a1Iet
    B I 6 cllm A

    P quod
    q",od
    B I 7 pietu A

    P ...
    v""tra.
    ""tra. pu
    B I 9 m&mag;.tro
    g;.tro]I Mag. A
    P
    ]I B
    om. I Totleto A
    P
    TolIedo
    Tolledo B
    I 18
    16 m'i_tem
    m'ieatatem A
    P
    maestatem B
    I

    18 igitllr
    gitlr A

    P ergo
    e:r,o
    B I 19
    19 turn
    tum Ullgarie tum
    tllm fidel
    idei A

    P tam. Ungaric
    ric qllam
    qu&ID fidei
    idei
    B I
    eotta pu B
    iam B
    22 pietu
    peta A
    P
    ...
    veotta
    I 28 eUrn
    c"'m A
    P
    i&m

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

    501

    eum punire et
    pro rei
    re iustita
    justitia et ro
    pro exempl0
    exemplo aIiorum,
    aIiolm , quia, si iste
    evadet per suam frivolam appelIationem,
    appellationem, actum erit
    et de sententiis
    sententis meis
    mes
    etam in
    maioribus rebus.
    etiam
    Sanctitatis
    Sanctitats vestrae
    humilis
    huml s factura

    B.
    . Cardinalis
    CardinaJs Nicaenus
    manu propria.
    46. BeS$8don
    BeS$8rlon CardJnaIJs
    Cardlnalls
    l Secundo
    SecQndo
    Plo
    Pontifici Maximo.

    10

    Beatissime ater
    pater et cIementissime
    c1ementissime domine
    d.onine post pedum oscula
    beatorum.
    Rediit
    Redt famiIiaris
    famiIiaS meus, quem miseram ad vestram beatitudinem
    eum
    cum novis commotionum
    commotonum ncum
    prindpum germanorum.
    gelanorum. Vidi, quae mihi
    mhi per
    A
    _ An:b.
    An:h. Vat.
    .. B
    _ Bachma"".
    B..clm."". P
    _ Palmlerl.
    a11. Pr _ Pastor.

    t et
    .....
    ... 8t A
    P
    tam
    tall1 ... qu.m
    quam B
    I 10--1 t et clemMtjoojme
    detnMtjoojme ...

    B Pr ""'. 1J 12 commoticrr>um
    conmotum A

    P
    Py comitiorum
    comt.iorum
    B

    ~torum A
    P

    Ep.46.
    .46. Da$ umfaogre:che
    umfangreiche Scbreibom
    Scbrebm .tent
    n"Ut einen
    ein"n Bericbt
    Ber;cht na<:h
    nach Art der
    de-: in
    spatel"
    Sptc1"
    Zeit gellufigen
    gel1ufjg:eo Nunti&turbcric.lte
    Nunti&turbcriebte dar. _ Der
    De.- Legat berichtet 1100
    I1ber die Ein\lteil.ung
    Eiet" der
    deutAcben
    deut.A::ben FIt
    FI1 .... ten zur
    ... TI1
    Tl1rk""fn.ge.
    ... k""fage. Ib
    Ih .... Klage. die Bie
    .. ..
    ber angeblicbe neue Ford
    Forde
    ..
    rungen ."r
    .u. Lei&tung des Zehnten gegen ihn
    b.n e rhoben haben,
    bal:>en, and
    &i.nd geg"em.t&ndsw..
    geg-etandsw.. Ein

    solchn Ansl"ne"
    solcbn
    Ans"" babe er nlem.'"
    niemeill gntellt. D;.,
    Die Frsten
    Fl1rsUn sj."d
    s.nd sege"
    gegen den
    dn Kaiser ei"g
    eing ....
    8tel]t,
    steUt, oicbt
    nicht "'eniger
    wenige ... g.,gen
    gegen de n P.p"t.
    Papst. Di_ Stimmu"g
    Silinnu"g ;,;t
    S ge"a.brt
    ge"Abrt durcb
    durch die Schriften
    Schrifte.n
    des Gugor
    Gregor Hei",burg.
    Hei ... burg. Seele d .... Wide ...tand
    tandes
    .... ist
    , der Enbisebof
    E biscl>of vOn
    Main<.
    M&io Dieth
    Diether
    ...
    VOn henbnrg.
    I~enbnrg. in
    d _ Ha
    ...
    ..!s nacb
    nach den Worten d
    des
    ... Dek.ans
    Dekans VOn
    V Wo....,.,
    Wo,"",,", Rudolph
    Hecker
    Heck .. r VOn
    v ROdnheim,
    ROdnhem, "llea
    allea BOse
    Bse g"gen
    gegen die
    .. rO
    r",j""he
    ... ische Kuri
    Kurie
    .. guedet werd
    werde.
    ... Bns&rion
    Bnsarion
    bittet, den Vor.ochl&g
    Albrhts von
    VOfI Brandenburg
    Bandenburg zu
    beachteo,
    mge dem Main.er
    Man .,r
    Vor.ochlag Albrhu
    beachten, man mge
    Erzbisebof
    _urnckgeben. Auf
    diesern
    diesem Wege kOnnten grlllle.-e
    gr!lu<o MiheUigMUlbellg
    Er_biscl>of die An"",ten zurnckgeben.
    keten vermieden
    vennden wemen.
    weden. _
    Der n,cb$te
    _ dem D
    .... ifa.1tigkeitI..st
    kelten
    nlcb$te Re;chetag
    Reichetag &011
    &<>11 auf
    Dreifaitigkeit&l<>$t
    im
    ", n"closten
    nll.closten Jah.;n
    Jahr;n Frankfurt
    Fankfurt ortIffnet
    erffnet werden.
    wede. Fr
    F"Ur die in
    Aussicht
    .. .teh
    stehende
    .. nde K.e
    Kre__
    ation
    neuer KardinIJe
    KardinlJe ",acht
    macht Bns&rion
    Bnsarion ~ichtspunkte ge]tend
    geltend . nach
    ach denen die
    d.ie Au
    ....
    _ "e"er
    wahl Zu
    t reffen sei.
    se. 1m
    Im <'in""lnen 9Chllgt
    9Chl1l.gt er
    '" dafar
    dafa ... den Bjschof
    BischOf von
    VOn Pavia,
    P"i.o., Jakob
    J "kob Am_
    manati, vor,
    - " bnondere
    besondere Bef'bgung
    eflhigung er nl.her darlegt.
    Weiter empfiehlt
    ma"ati,
    "", d
    deen
    darleg. Weite.
    empfieb.lt er
    den
    Erzbischof
    Erzbisclof von
    vII &iponto.
    &.
    "berlieferung'
    tberleferung' Arcb.
    Arch. V
    ..
    ... t. Arm. XXXIX
    tnm.
    . '0,
    , fol..,
    !.. , (l)
    (} ( _ A).
    . DrnekDrllek...
    au.g"ben,
    u.gabe .. , A.
    . Bachmann , U.ku"dliche
    Urku&dliche BeitrAge
    BetrAge 2".
    zur Osterreich._Deuts<:hM
    sterreich._Deu~M Ge!lCbichtc
    Gechichte
    im
    ", Zeitalter
    Zeitalte-: Kai..,r Friedrich.s
    Fredrich.l III.'
    .' Fontes Rernm
    Rerum AU3triacarnm.
    AU3triacarum. II.
    I. Diplom.atari&
    Diplomataria
    et Act&
    Acta 56. Wien
    Wie...I9~,
    89~, S.4-9
    5.4-9 ( _ BI.
    . _
    G. Palmier
    Pal",ier i , Lettere dei
    de! B --sorione
    -.. "io., ....
    rela
    1&.
    tive
    ., alla
    a1Ja croci.ta
    erociata contro il
    Tu rco: I1
    1 Kuratori
    Mun.tori IU
    Roma . 895. P.51.5-59
    59 (( - ).
    p). L. v.
    . Putor,
    Pa s tor, Geschjchte
    Gescljchte der
    de ... P!.p,te.
    Papste.
    U. Freiburg i.B
    . . '904, S. 7~8-732
    7~8-7l2 n.
    . 44 ( _ P>-).
    ,).
    Das 9Chwer lese:rliche
    leser]iche archivalische
    arcb&.lis:b.e M.nuskript
    Manuskript bed.o
    bedingte
    .. offen
    offent>&
    bar
    ... die
    dJe vielen
    absonderlichen
    absonderlchen Ungenauigk<'iten
    Ug"".gk<'te" bei Bachmann. P".tor
    Pa. tor lieferte
    lefert .. eine Berichtigung,
    BerChtgung,
    in
    deY jedoch "iDige
    ";,, Fehler
    Feh1er &chmann.
    Bachmanna weitergetIa6en
    weItergetagen wurden, wth
    wAh ......d die
    dio Int
    Inter....pInktinn
    pllnktinn zi
    ziemlich
    ..mlich vernacbLssgt
    vern~bl!.ssigt iat.
    .. P.lm;erl
    Palmie<! .uchte die archivali
    .rchiva1is::he
    ... he Unterl&ge
    Unterlago
    mOglkhst
    geben (mit
    ( Deibeba.1tung
    Beibebaltung der Orthographie,
    Orthogaphie, Gro
    GroD und KI";n..,brei
    KI";necbrei
    mOg!.khst genau zu
    bung) . was
    wu bis "ul
    anf wenige
    wenge Lcsefehl
    LoseIehl .... gelung
    ge1utgen
    en ist. Doch ....
    erschwert
    ""hwert die
    dio beibeh.'tone
    beibehaltene
    Interpunlrtion der
    Interpuolrtion
    d .... Haodscl>rift
    Handsebrift die
    d .. Benutzung
    Benutzug des
    dos Text
    TexteI"
    ....

    '02

    BESSARlONlS
    SSR101S

    eum scribit vestca


    vestn. beatltudo.
    beatitudo. Licet nuI1a
    nulla mentio fiat de scripturis,
    quas per eum ad vestram beatitudinem misi, satis tamen
    tarnen ad rem
    rern
    ipsam respondetur. Usus sum, qua potui c:eleritate.
    c:eletate. Nam postridie eius
    eins
    diei, quo avisamenta
    avisa.metta illa acceperam, expedivi repente nuntium, ita ut
    per Dei grntiarn
    gratiarn ea, quae ad sanctitatein
    sa.nctitatein vestram ex Suevia
    SueVa recto 5
    itinere transmissa
    transmssa sunt.
    sunt, cx:to
    x:to dies non
    praecesserint, eaque ex Suevia
    Wiennam et
    ct ex Wienna Romam sunt allata. Offendit enim nuntius
    meus in Bulsena oratores vestrae beatitudinis.
    Sanctitas vestra hwnanissime
    hwnanissme et
    ct clernentissime
    clernentissme ad me scribit illos
    excusationem in peccatis quaerentes dicere commotos se fuisse propter 10
    minas meas de decimis imponendis. Et
    ita se habet veritas,
    verltas, beatissime
    pater. Excusationes frivolae sunt et inanes vel potius occasiones ad
    male agendum. Nihil enim a me de decimis dictum est praeter id,
    ma1e
    quod sanctitas vestra habet in
    scriptis in
    responsione mea, ubi narrans
    naan;
    maximos sumptus, quos sanctitas vestrn
    vestra fecit et facit pro fide, infero
    nfero 16
    sanctitatem vestram neque velle neque desiderare ab eis
    e!> decimam,
    decmam, sed
    promissum exercitum. Verum est.
    est, quod aliquando paterne eum
    cum eis
    querelam faciens, aliquando etiam admonens, quae dicenda
    dcenda erant
    ernnt in
    n
    tali re, dicebam et suadebam, quae !iuadenda
    suadenda videbantur ab homine
    homne
    prnesertm
    praesertim rei, de qua tractabatur,
    tractatur, eupidissimo.
    cupidissimo. Sed nihil praeter verba20
    verba 20
    actum est, nullum umquam de decima imponenda a me emanavit
    ema.naVt
    mandatum, quod iuxta iussa sanctitatis vestrae revocare debeam. Scit
    ma.nd.atum,
    Seit
    sanetitas vestra, quam semper timidus in
    sanctitas
    hac
    hae re fuerim
    erin sentiens fri
    giditatem
    gidtatem ipsorum, et !
    ut sanctitatem vestrnm
    vestram a meru;e
    mense Augusti per
    -venerabilem
    venerabilem virum magistrum Franciscum de Toleto de hac re OO!iI~
    oonsului~
    timens, ne aliquid scanda1um
    scandaJum inde
    nde oriretur,
    orietur, si u1trn
    ultra procederem. Cuius
    re auctor vel causa esse magis horrebam quam mortem. Ob eam
    m rem
    rei
    nihil umquam feci nec mandavi. lniuste
    Jniuste igitur de me
    ne querelam faciunt
    in hac
    hae parte.
    Sed si
    s1 quid est, in quo eos
    oos offend.i, hoc solum est, quia voluissent 30
    me ad excusationem eorum
    oorum et ad iustificand.am
    iustificandam causam suam accusare
    seressimum dominum imperatorem et totum onus
    QDus huius rei recere
    reicere
    serenissimum
    in maiestatem suam, contra quam secrete iam
    iam. moliri coeperant, ut
    postea apparuit.
    apparut. Et quoniam hoc nolui
    l facere, eum
    cum nullam iustam
    causam haberem, conceperunt adversus me odium existimantes
    existmante; me35
    caesareae maiestati
    maiestatj nimis
    ninis affectum. In
    qua re certe non
    faIluntur. Colo
    3 ipsuu
    piZ Iriltt
    p,o("" !1i1tt
    psuu A
    Pr ipAanlm
    pan", P
    I 6 ,OC
    Irit A
    P
    Pr P'O<""
    !iit B
    I eaque
    eqo Pr
    nem A
    eil,
    e, <Iue
    <
    P I 7 Wlen
    W1ennem

    P Vjcnn
    Vjenn ......
    B Pr I W!en".
    Wie,"", A

    P Vii!
    i! ......
    B Pr I 12 frivolae J
    frivolc
    E><CU.ti<u. ... eaque huiusmocli

    m&xi.
    frivole
    A
    P Pr EllCllsatio.n
    B I 13 NihiI) Nkhi!
    Nkhil A
    P Pr I lri
    maxi
    mO&
    A Pr maximo
    mnjmo
    P I 16 deeidorve
    deidorve
    A
    P Pr obaide:rvo
    obade:rvo
    B I 19 ID
    taU
    ....
    ro
    A
    P Pr in
    n
    cglke
    ce!jce B

    21) "ihi1j
    Dihilj "ichiI
    Dichil A
    P
    Pr !
    :u 11*',om
    -", A
    B
    P
    "'turom
    itorum Pr I 2.:i
    2.: Toleto A
    P
    Pr
    Toledo
    TOIedo
    B I 26 aliq"id
    eliqnd A
    }l Pr C(ln'.
    C<>n'. aliquocl
    liquocl t 28 Dihi1J
    DihilJ IIkbi!
    "jcbl A

    P Pr I 30 q"",
    "'" AlB
    Pr
    quocl P
    I 32 CI
    .... It..imum]
    imom] 5erA
    BorA Pr ilI~1UD B

    EPISTOLAE.

    503

    enim et stunme
    summe venero : maiestatem suam, tum
    turn qum
    quia intelligo, quam
    affecta sit ei
    ci beatitudo vestra, et ille vicissim sanctitatem
    sanetitatem vestram
    colat, tum.
    tun propter mirificas
    mirifcas virtutes et summam bonitatem, fidern
    fdem ac
    ae
    religionem maiestatis
    religionern
    maestatis suae, tum
    turn quia
    quia. ita
    :!. expedire
    expediTe rei, de qua agebatur,
    'mihi videbatuT.
    VdebatuT. Ob hanc
    hane eandem causam et amicitiam
    amicitmm mutuam etmm
    etiarn
    de sanctitate vestra homines isti non
    bene contenti sunt et hoc pu
    pu
    bIke dicunt, quod et multis als
    blice
    aHis argumentis sanctitas vestra intel1iintelligere potest et ex delirnmentis impudentis
    impudents et insu1si
    insulsi viri,
    vi, immo vero
    pefidi
    perlidi haeretici
    haeretCi Grqorii,
    Grqoru, quae nuper red.acta
    red.aeta in scriptis ubique sparsit,
    spar.;it,
    10 quas (.sic)
    (.sie) ego vix
    V paSSUS
    passus sum seme1
    semel audire, postea abieci, nec mittere
    ad sanctitatem
    sanetitatem vestram volui. Quod nisi scirem sanctitatem
    sanetitatem vestram
    optime nosse causas huiusmodi eommotionum
    commotionum alias esse, quam sit haec
    decimarum,
    decima.nm. rumpe.rer dolore.
    Sed muIta
    multa ad haec simul occurnmt,
    oceurnmt, beatissime pater. Primo, SUIn1tima
    ltima ingratitudo
    ngratitudo Maguntini. Nunc
    Nune enim apertius de eo loquar,
    loqua.r, in euius
    cuius
    dome publice, ut mihi retulit
    domo
    retult dominus Rodulphus.
    Rodulphus, decanus Worma.
    Wona.
    SS, dum Maguntiam ex Wonnatia redi.rem,
    red., aperto
    omnia
    omnia. mala
    tiensis,
    aperte ore
    dicebantUT contra curiam vestrae beatitudinis per illum vesanum episcopum ordinis praedicatonun,
    praedicatorum, qui ro
    pro eonfirmatione
    confin.atione eius Mantuae
    20 fuit, et
    ! ceteros domesticos eius.
    . Allego sanetitati
    sanctitat vestrae testem.
    testern.
    Potent
    rogare, eum
    Poterit eum rogare.
    cum placuerit.
    Accessit deinde
    dcinde exconununicatio
    exeonununicatio eius propte
    propter annatam, qua Te ita
    Ha
    COWlotus est. ut velit caelum terrarnque
    commotus
    teamque miscere. Et
    tanti tacit exoommunicationem
    oonmunicationem tam
    tarn ipse quam ceteri,
    cete, quanti eam faceret, nescio
    2fi
    26 quis. Ad baec eupit
    cupit imitari
    imita.ri vestigia praedecessoris sui, qui semper
    sem.per parum devotus fuit
    rom
    apostolicae sedi. Quis eius machmationes
    ma.chinationes melius
    rnelius novit quam
    quarn beatitudo vestra.
    vestra, quae malis tunc.
    tune, quantum in se fuit.
    {. restitit.
    Apparet etmm
    on conqueri de
    etiam ex minuta appellationis eorum ipsos non
    decimis dumtaxat, sed de annatis
    annatS et indulgents
    indu1gentlis et pecuniarum multi30 moda, ut aiunt, exactionc.
    exaetionc.
    Ad ba~
    baec accedit Francorum
    Franeorum continua infestatio : Sigismundi
    Austriac continuus
    Austriae
    oontmuus clamor et
    importunitas; postremo pavor alterius
    principis ob non
    raestitam
    praestitam nec
    nee praestandam, ut video, pollicitam
    oboedientiam, et exemplwn Sigismundi,
    Sigisrnundi, ne !pse quoque in ta1em
    talern 13la36queum incidat
    ineidat ct vastus animus atque appethus magnarum
    magna.nm rerum.
    Haec
    sanctitas
    Haee sunt, beatissjme
    beatissime pater. ut optime novit
    sanetitas vestra,
    praecipuac causae huiusmodi turbationum. Spem
    praecipuae
    Spern tamen
    tarnen in
    Deo habeo
    et sedis
    seds vestrae iustitia ac
    ae summa sapientia sanctitatis vestrae, quod
    omnia tandem evanescent.
    14 hMIc A
    Pr
    , hoc:.
    B
    P I oocu
    o<>ouunt
    ........t A
    Pr
    , OOCurrenI
    o<>ourrennt
    ..t
    B
    P I 16 Rodl1lph\l. A

    B
    P
    Rodolphu. Pr
    , I 17 m.I.
    mala A

    P ,
    PT ma1e
    male
    B I 20 domeetic:o&
    doneetc:o "."..
    ",,,.. Allego
    11ego A

    P h
    Pr domMticm
    d ..... erti.,..
    alleg .. B
    allegn
    1
    I 25 praedecoe' oria
    ori& A
    B
    Pr deo::
    de:: 11 ).;a
    ).f, .8
    8 I 21 'lua.e
    'l.ua.e A
    P
    Pr
    h 'lni
    '.1> B
    I 37
    31 _ ..
    APPr
    h
    ...
    ""e.u
    -.mB
    I S9 ta.DdfllllAP
    ta.df>. l) 8Pr
    Pr __

    504

    BESSARIONIS

    Quae ad timorem decimarum spe<:tabant,


    spedabant, ego satis proidi.
    providi. quemadmodum binis litteris
    ltteris sanctitati vestrae significavi.
    significav Quoad eetera
    cetera op
    time fecit
    feeit beatitudo vestra mittere oratores suos,
    SUOS, quos spero omnia
    bene composituros. Et
    quoniam prorogata est dieta usque ad festum
    S. Trinitatis in
    Francofordia celebranda, optimum esset,
    ut pro"ime
    proxime 5
    vestrae beatitudini scripsi.
    ut sanctitas vestra
    estra mandaret oratoribus
    suis , sicuti etiam
    eHam ipse ad eos
    cos scribo, ut usque ad id tempus visitent
    is
    principes ad partern
    partem ct
    tractent eurn
    cum cis privatim, - haec enim me1ius
    melius
    extra dietam quam in
    dieta componuntur et
    invt!niant
    invtlniant media
    meda oportuna, quae sanctitas Vestffi
    estra mclius
    melius scit,
    seit, eurn
    cum noverit infiJnUtatem
    infiJmitatem 10
    eorurn.
    Illustris dominus Albertus Brandeburgensis nuper me rogavit, ut
    IlJustris

    supplicarem
    suppIicarem instantissime sanctitati vestrae, ut dignaretur domino
    Maguntino totam annatam remittere, quo medio speraret omnia
    omna
    bene
    componi.
    compon. Aliter dicit se
    ~ scandalum timere. Si antea id scivissem,
    sciissem, signi~ 15
    hoc gratificari posset,
    ficassem beatitudini vestrae, ut, si ei videretur, in
    non
    quia ille
    ilIe mereatur, sed ad evitanda scandala.
    scandaIa. Postea eum
    cum tempore
    omnia p>!i!ient
    possent a ptari.
    Partem meam, quam accepi, ego libenter
    Partern
    Iibenter redderem.
    redderern. Scribo oratoribus sanctitatis vestrae,
    ut in
    casu, quod vel
    requirantllr vel
    ne- 20
    cessitatem vidcant, dent aures, cogitent
    cogtent supcr
    desperent eum
    ellm
    super hoc, non
    et consulant
    consuIant sanctitatem vestram.
    estram. Sanctitas
    Sanetitas vestra, quod agendum
    iudicavcrit, fadet.
    iudicaverit,
    faciet. Sed
    Scd de his
    hS satis.
    Intellexi, bcatssime
    Intcllexi,
    beatissime a,
    pater, diversis ex locis
    Iods multa de creatione
    oourn eardinalium
    cardinaIum agitari, multos principes
    sus supplicare, intcr
    25
    novorum
    pro suis
    cetcros iIlustnssimum
    iIJustrissimum dorninum
    d ominum ducem Mediolani pro honore patriae
    suae instare. Quia
    Qu.a. fien
    feri poterit,
    potent,
    ut san ctitas vestra habita vel
    tempons
    m!)
    vcl
    supplicantium mtione
    ratione ad aliquos ereandos
    creandos inclinetur, visum
    isum est
    mihi summis
    summs precibus exorare .sanctitatem
    sanctitatem vestram, ut primo
    prima habeat
    rationem et dignitatis,
    dignitats, ne nimia multitudine villescat,
    illescat, et oneris, ne
    80
    nimis vos ipsam gravetis, deinde sui ipsius
    iSius et
    ct status sui, et conetur
    ita satisfaeere,
    satSfacere, quibus satisfaciendum
    .satsfaciendum est,
    ut una sanctitas
    sanetitas vestra euret
    curet
    etiam rem propriam, et inter paucos, qui promovendi
    prornovendi sint, aliquem de
    suis
    sus fidelibus,
    fidelbus, qui etiam ad hanc
    hane dignitatem sufficiens sit, honorare.
    Audio illustr
    il1ustrissimum
    issimum ducem
    dueem Mediolani instare, ut dixi,
    pro aI-:ro
    aJj~:ro
    quibus. Si sanctitas
    sanetitas vestra
    estra deliberabit
    deIberabit ei
    gratificari,
    gatificari, conari debet dare
    1 Q"
    Qu .... ad A
    Pr Q"oad
    Quoad
    B
    P f 'opeciaba.nt
    .opect&ba.t A

    B Pr speciabat
    sect&bat
    P I 4. ad]
    ad 1 .t
    .
    B
    5 F .."cof"T<h.
    ncofod'" A


    IIll1sti_im".
    ncti_
    S
    B Pr l'-ra~fodi.
    Fra~foroi.
    B I 12 IlI"stris
    IUustris A
    P Pr llIustJi
    ..imua
    B I 13 "cti.
    tati v ....tr.w.
    A
    P IalKtitatem
    IaItitatem. v ... tram
    B P~ 1 16 ~titudini
    ~titudi"i
    A
    P Pr Stl
    stl
    B \ 17 q"ia
    quia
    A

    P I qu<>d
    q"I
    B Pr I evit&D.d.
    cit&D.da A

    P Pr vit&D.da
    vit&D.d.
    B I 19 quam A

    P Pr quem
    B I 22 Sanetf_
    s."ct
    tu A
    B
    Pr s."ctitati. P
    I 26 patria,,1
    patriae l patri"
    patrie A
    P
    P,
    , proprie B
    I 2 \ mihi
    nihi A

    pp,h in
    i
    aummi.
    .nI.
    B 1 habeat A

    P Pr prohabeat
    B \ 33 p"C>;IDo""di
    pt'C>movendi A

    P ,
    po, prin>o
    prim" vocU>d.i
    B

    EPlS1'OLAE.
    EP1SOLE.

    505

    ei unum, qui etiam el


    e carus sit et vestrae sanctitati fidelis, sit ad
    ecc1esiae utilis
    tantum honorem ac dignitatem
    dignItatem idoneus et ecclesiae
    utlS {uturus.
    futurus.
    Aceimum iudidum
    iudicium vestrum. beatissime pater,
    Acerrimum
    uno intuitu discernere
    potest inter homines, quod alter alteri
    ate praestet. Audeo etiam de me
    5 affinnare - quod sit sine arrogantia
    arrogtntia dictum - non
    longe me in
    buiusbUlusabduci. Rarissimi sunt hac aetate viri
    praecemodi iudics
    iudiciis a veritate abdud.
    stantes, ut semper fuerunt. Ex
    his
    bis semper
    sernper iudicavi esse reverendissimum
    patrem dominum
    dorninum episcopum Papiensem.
    Papiensern. Testis est mibi Deus
    rnum patrern
    me, quod sentio, dicere. Ingenium viri et industria
    ndusta et quaedam naturae
    10dexteritas mirum in
    modum me semper oblectavit. Praeter peritiam
    rerum
    fidelS, caritatis
    rerurn et doctrinam
    doctrinarn singularem
    singularern est bo,
    bonus, prudens. fidelis,
    plenus. ornatus, celer ingenio, facilis
    faclS ad inveniendum, quae dicere oporoor
    teat, et quae invenerit, eloquendum. Quam vero pauci
    paud et quam rari
    sint huiusmodi homines, optime novit vestra beatitudo. Pro
    quibus
    15 scribat excellentia ducis.
    ducS. ego nescio. Omnes tamen, pro quibus veri~
    simile est eum scribere, debere credo nosse. Omnes optimi sunt. Ne~
    minern sperno. neminem
    minem
    neminern contemno. Sed conscientiam vestrae sanctitaUs in hoc testem
    tatis
    testern et iudicem invoco.
    nvoco.
    Non dubito,
    dIbito, quod dominationi
    suae gratissimus .. :set dominus Papiensis, pro eoque suppJicaret,
    supplicaret, si
    20 requiretur, non
    minus libenter
    Iibenter quam pro ceteris, nec minus carum habebit, si fuerjt
    fuerit promotus, quam alium
    aHum quemcumque.
    Vidit praeterea sanctitas vestra malam temporum
    temporurn conditionem.
    condi.tionem.
    Undique scandala parantIr.
    parantur. Nescimus.
    Nescirnus. quem finern
    fnem res sint habiturae.
    Notum est , quantum momenti
    mornentj rebus pontificis ntaximi ad quamvis par2/}
    26 tem
    tern cardinales afferre
    affee possint, quantum conducat ta1es
    tales habere cardi~
    eardi~
    nales, qui et velint et sciant et poss!
    na1es,
    possint principi suo fideliter servire. Si
    od horum trium desit, manca res est. Omnes reverendissimi
    reverendssimi patres
    _quod
    praesentes sunt sanctitati vestrae fideles;
    fde1es; de-bitum enim eorum ita
    requirit. Inter ceteros meam fidem
    fidern vobis spopondi. vobis tradidi et
    30 nuncin
    nunein perpetuum et spondeo et trado. Si in
    novis creandis primo quam
    paucissimos - non
    enim in magna multitudine po5sint
    possmt non
    esse etiam
    aliqui non
    ita devoti - , deinde eos vobis parabitis. qui etiam si velint.
    non
    possint esse non
    fidi, bene eurn
    cum sanctitate vestra actum erit, praesertim in
    hac
    hae temporum
    temorum turbulentia.
    35
    Dignetur itaque, supplico, vestra sanctitas f]ectere parumper
    aures ad preces servitoris sui, quae ex intimis
    intmis eordis
    cordis et animo fide1i
    fideli
    prodeunt. Dignetur respicere ad honorem suum, ad statum suum, ad
    1 etiam A
    P
    et B
    p,,- I 5 huiuocemodi
    huiuceroodi A
    P
    huiusmodi B
    .
    P. \ 8 d<>miuum
    domiuum A
    D PT

    Dom'n"'
    DominCum
    .. m
    P \ fI "'
    "".
    .. AB
    PI
    ] .
    p. 0 .... I\ 15 ego A

    P .
    P. et ei
    B I verisUnU.,
    verisUnUe A

    P ve....,;
    mUe
    mil.,
    B .
    P. \ 18
    teIltern
    teltem
    A
    P
    PT tc_
    .._

    B \ 1~ &u""'
    &U&.e
    A
    B .
    P. "uO
    p \ 24 momenti A

    P .
    P.
    momentum
    mome:ntum
    B I 25 qu .... tum A

    P \ quam
    B
    PT I 27 SI quod A

    P Si quid
    B
    PT \ ...
    .c
    A

    P .
    P. r.es
    B ( .tre
    pures A

    B hj
    ]
    P ""'. \ 28 1'1
    ' . "ot .... A

    P Pr
    , """"'"
    pf'<lSnll
    B I 30 pmo
    primo A

    P
    Pr,. peto B
    I 31 pcn;"t
    pcnirt A
    1
    l B
    Pr ]>c"seat
    PQ'Seat P
    \ 33 ceaict
    pcwaint A
    P

    pP pouwt
    poueut B

    BESSARlONlS
    BESSRlON1S

    utilitatem ecclesiae et hunc


    irum, quo non
    mu1tos
    reperietS,
    hune virum,
    multos similes reperietis,
    eommendatum
    commendatum habere. Hoc modo
    wdo domino duci praeclare satisfactum
    erit. Merita domini
    dorini Papiensis
    PapenSS hoc exigunt, dumtaxat ob suam erga
    sanctitatem vestraJn
    vestram sincerrimam
    sineerrimam fidem. Meae etiam peces,
    preces, beatssime
    beatissime
    pater, non
    pater.
    immerito apud sanctitatem
    sanetitatem vestram aliquid posse deberent I>>
    ro
    pro mea erga
    exga eandem summa devotione. Neque dubito, si essern
    essem apud
    pedes beatitudins
    beatitudinis vestrae et in creatione cardinalium pro aliquo suppliearem praesertim digno, quod dignaretur sanctitas
    plicarem
    sanetitas vestra ro
    pro sua
    erga me summa clementia
    dementia preces meas non
    in postremis habere. Hunc
    Hune
    dileri
    dile:ri a iuventute sua, dili&o nunc
    nune propter reverentiam sanetitatis
    sanctitatS 10
    vestrae, propter singulares eius virtutes, propter eius erga me carita~
    terno Nunc
    tem.
    Nune summa eum
    cum humilitate ro
    pro hoc oro,
    ro, ro
    pro hoc precor, ro
    pro
    hoc supplico,
    supplco, pro hoc onmem animi mei affectum effundo. Sitque certa
    sanctitas
    tamen
    sanetitas vestra, quod licet eum ex corde diljgam.
    diligam, non
    tarnen ro
    proptetea moveor ad eum laudandum. Neque enim auderem apud sancti~
    saneti~ 15
    tatern vestram de suo bomine sibi
    tatem
    sbj n otissimo talia
    tala dicere, nisi crederem
    crederern
    etiam eitra
    citra veritatem dicere.
    dieere. 10
    In summa ipsum ac
    ae me eum
    cum omm,
    omni, qua
    qua.
    possum, humilita.te
    humilitate eommendo
    possum.
    conmendo beatitudini vestrae.
    estrae.
    Archiepiscopum
    Archepscopum etiam
    etam Sypontinum, devotissimum servulum
    serulum beatitudinis
    titudinS vestrae, commendo
    conmendo vestrae clementiae, quam efficacius
    effcacius et 20
    humilius
    hunilius possum, ut dignetur vestra beatitudo aliquod pietatis in
    dicium maxitne
    maxime in re, quam optat, in
    eum ostendere. Si dignabitur
    vestra beatitudo eo in
    aliquibus quantumcumque
    quantumeumque etiam
    etam magnis
    magnS et aruti, reperiet ingenium,
    duis ,
    ngenium. quod diliget et summa clementia fovebit .
    Commendo me humiliter sacris pedibus sanctitatis
    sanetitatis vestrae.
    estrae.
    25
    Datum Wiennae 29. Martii
    Marti 1-461.
    Vestrae clementiae
    c1ementiae

    humillima factura
    faetura
    Bessarion, Cardinalis Nicaenus
    mann propria.
    manu

    30

    Post scripta, beatissime pa.ter,


    pater, habui hac
    hae hora a fratre Gabriele,
    Gabrele,
    vieario
    icao Austriae.
    Austriae, homine
    homne prudenti et practico, quem
    quen Nurumbergam
    misi,
    miS, avisamenta
    aisamenta eorum, quae ibidem actitata sunt. Quae mitto sancbis interclusa,
    quarnquam credam eadem oratores vestrae
    titati vestrae
    estrae his
    nterclusa. quamquam
    sanctitatis iarn
    am misisse. Apud serenissimum imperatorem instabo,3Ii
    nstabo.3Ii
    quoad potero.
    potero, ut, si
    S non
    iret personaliter, mittat aIiquos
    aliquos idoneos. Obtinerem
    tnerem facilius
    facilius,, si haberem modum etc.
    .. ainoerrimam
    ai.noerrimam B
    h sinceriaaimam
    si.oceria&man B
    J
    Al
    1 lj 16 [de] suo
    8UO B
    Ij libi
    ibi
    A
    P Sanctitati
    Sanc:titati B
    h
    24 fovebit
    foebit A
    P
    h habebit B
    I 26 Wienne
    WielUl6 A
    P
    Vl
    VJ ....""'e
    nae B
    h Ij 86 obtineremJ
    obtneren] optincrem
    opticrem
    B
    P
    h
    t 37 ",odum
    P
    Pr]
    ;] B
    <>44. cl
    et fotmam
    A
    modum A

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

    507

    41. Bessarlon Cllnllnalfl


    cIInInalfs
    18collo
    Amt8Mt.
    I.collo AmnuuUltI.

    Reverendissime in
    Chnsto
    amce et frater
    fra.ter honorande. Usi
    Christo pater, amiee
    iam sumus
    sumos du1cissimo
    dulcissimo fructu
    froetu laboris nostri. Nam quemadmodum intel6ligetis
    ligetS ex litteris, quas scribimus ad sanctissimum dominum nostrum,
    venimus ad maiestatern
    maiestatem imperialem
    imerialem et
    ! obtinuimus ab ea bonam et gragra.tarn lieentiam
    tam
    licentiam redeundi ad pedes sanetissimi
    sanctSsimi domini nostri. Quod et

    antea f~ssemus.
    f~issemus. nisi induravissemus
    induraVSSemus impium et
    ! parum gratum sancsanetissimo
    tissino domino
    domno oostro,
    nostro, si
    s1 res maiestatis
    maiestatS suae in eo pericu1o,
    perieulo, in quo
    10hac
    tOhac tempestate fuenmt.
    fuerunt. re1inqueremus.
    relinqueremus. Nunc
    None vero rebus suis in
    tuto
    positis subito venimus
    veoimus ad maiestatem suam, a qua habita
    babita gratiae lincentia
    nt13 iter
    nostrum ad vos Domino
    Domno eoncedente
    concedente continuabimus. Necesse tamen
    ert nos
    os propter graves morbos,
    eesse
    tarnen erit
    morhos, quos patimur, tarde et
    pedetentim veoire,
    pedetentirn
    venire, saepe et
    ct quiescere, oec
    nec speramus ante finem No15 vembris istuc
    istue posse pervenire. Quapropter paternitatem vestram obtestamur,
    testanur, ut tarditatem
    tardtatem nostram apud sanetissimum
    sanctissmum dominum nostrum
    exeuset. Cogitamus etiam Bononiae per aliquot
    excuset.
    alquot d.ies
    dies morari,
    morar, ut bibamU5
    Porettanam, quam iam in
    ea urbe para.ri
    cum
    mus aquam Porrettanam,
    parari iussimus. eum
    intellexerimus
    ntellexerimus ad hoc genus aegritud.inis
    aegritudinis plerisque mu1tum
    multum eontulisse.
    contulisse.
    20
    Ceterum significamus
    signifcamus paternitati vestra.e,
    discessu nostro
    vestrae, quod in
    ex
    W1enna
    Wieona fuit necesse,
    e::ess, ut ad exsolvenda debita, quae contra.xeramus,
    contraxeramus,
    et parandum viaticum in
    n ItaJiam
    Italiam acceperimus
    aceeperimus mutuo
    rnutuo sexcentos
    sexeentos ducatos, quos promisimus solvere
    t05,
    salvere Venetiis. Ubi tamen
    tarnen solvendi modum Don

    habemus, nis1
    nisi sanctissimus dominus
    domnus noster
    pro sua pietate nobis pro25 viderit.
    Vderit . Oportebit nos in Italia facere multas et graves expensas. cum
    curn
    1am faceremus DOS
    os portari, tum
    turn ro
    pro vectura rerum
    renm Dostranun,
    nostranun, et
    ! quas
    nobiscum habemus, et quas Mantuae et
    ef Florentiae reliqueramus. Rogamus igitur ex
    corde paternitatem vestram.
    vestram, ut in
    tanta necessitate
    nostra, quae vix malor
    nostra.
    maO esse posset. c()mpatiatur
    compatiatur nobis et
    nos
    os commenconmen30 det summae pietatt
    pietati sanctissimi domi.ni
    domini nostri.
    nostri, ut DOS
    nos hoc tempore non

    relinquat. Nisi sua beatitudo intercessione patemitatis vestra.e


    vestrae necessi
    tati nostrae subvenerit, nuUo
    nulle modo poterimus extricari ex
    ex. Venetiis,
    Venets,
    Y
    1 A
    /.
    101. ,8
    18
    mtegerrim.o.
    iIItegerri:o.

    S"PP<t:ri",.,,:
    S"~lU""p,,,,: 111
    l Christo
    Chriato p.ti,
    po.tri, domino
    doio laeobo,
    Iacobo, dipiailllo.
    digiaimo. amico
    am;co

    Ep.
    . 47. BeuarioD
    B"I8a rUIl beI;IIdet
    bel;udet skh
    icl auf
    ", der Rllckrei.se VOD
    Oll Hin
    aeir .... deutschen
    deut:sche Leg_tion
    uud trifft VOr1IOl"ge
    uIId
    oro:r" (\1..
    (\' "";"e
    ,..,;.. .. ADkullft
    AIlkuft in
    i Italien.
    Itale. FIIr die Koeten sei"IO>"
    eio .... Reise hat
    b.at .... in
    i
    Venedig
    Vcedig 600 Duk.o.teu.
    Dul.o.teu. aum<Ob.nu,n
    aum<Ob.n:.. n ",11_.
    ll_. AmmaIIati
    AIIllllanati ...n dic
    die Aug
    Angelegenheit
    ..Iegenhet dem Pa~t
    P.~t
    vortrag ..... B
    vortragfIII.

    .non
    .riOll ilt
    i Io-ank.
    bauJ:. Fllr
    FIIr eiIIB
    clnB Fahrt. dic
    die a>ch
    ch ......
    _ott bequem In
    in drei Tagen
    age
    macheu lusc.
    machen
    lasse. habe er
    " adlt
    adt T&8e
    a: .. gebn.ucht.
    gebraucht. Wogen
    Wegen ae.iue.
    ae.. Gcnndheitszustalldes
    Gcnndheitszu.staes wiIl
    will
    er
    eich einige
    enc Tagc
    Tage lu
    Bologna
    Boog.. authalten,
    autha.lten, wo '"
    e r durch eine
    ei .. Trink"',,
    nKI .. .mit
    mit dem
    dem. W.sser
    Wuser
    VOll
    " 1.& PUdeLt..
    Pu'E Linderuug
    Lnderung erhoftt.
    erhofft.
    "berliefert
    "Ubcrl .. f .. rt iIt
    it dcr
    der bi"u
    bi"'u oPedT"
    u!>gedruckte Brici:
    Brief: .beb.
    AJ-ch. "at.
    Vat. Arm.
    Ar. XXXIX
    tom. 10,
    (01.
    .. 18.

    506

    BESSARIONI$
    BESSARIONI
    $

    mSI,
    nIS!, quicquid habemus, pignori relinqua.mus. Si
    5 igitur urnqam
    urnquam luit
    lut
    aut futurus est Iocus, in
    quo possitis ostendere amicitiam vestram,
    vestam, hic
    est maxime UnU5,
    unus,
    ut tantae nostrae necessitati
    necessitat quam primum subveniatis, quae Deo teste
    t este et tanta est et major,
    maor, quam exprimere poss.imus.
    possimus.
    Desideramus ffiirum
    mirum in
    modum videre et amplecti paternitatem vestra.m,
    vestram, r;
    quam speramus aut mutasse, dum litterae haec scriberentur, aut paulo
    post mutaturam titulum
    suum. In
    qua Te
    re vellemus libenter
    Iibenter praesentiam nostram aliquid
    alquid coDferre
    confee potuSse.
    potuisse. Optamw>
    Optamus tamen,
    tarnen,
    ut etiarn no
    bS
    bis absentibus factum sit, idque immortaiem
    immortalem Deum precamur, loco
    maximi muneris
    muneS id, si factum fuerit a Deo, habituri, de quo laetissimum 10
    el iocundissimum vultum
    et
    in dies
    des praestoIabimur.
    praestolabimur. Quae si sirnul
    simul eurn
    cum
    finibus Italiae nobis
    nobS apparuerint.
    appamerint, eum
    euro diem laetissimum
    laetssmum existimabimus.
    Valeat foeliciter
    Va1ea.t
    foeJiciter paternitas vestrn
    vestra et nos pedibus sa.nctissimi
    sanetissimi Domini
    n nostri robore et efIicaciter
    efIieaciter commendet.
    16
    Datum in
    n Lebbnborg (sic)
    (sie) die 18. Septembris 1461.
    Haec ita particulariter
    partieulariter et eum
    cum tanta vehementia scribimus
    seribimus vobis
    ex nimla fiducia.
    Nulli enim a1ii
    alii volemus, ut innotescat. Ideo rogamus
    vos,, ut nec sa.nctissimo
    vos
    sanetissimo domino nostro has litteras
    ltteras vel legatis vel ita
    .
    partieulariter nostras ei necessitates exprimatis,
    particuIariter
    expmatis, sed soIita vestrn
    vestra pru- 2(J
    dentia, industria atque modestia rem nostram agatis, quoad {ieri
    {ien
    poterit. Haec scribo die Veneris 18. Septembris, quo die spero rem nostram
    finem
    linern optatum habituram. Si vero his temporibus
    temporihus nihil agetur, in
    n proxinostram prosequi
    mis temporibus spero esse apud vos. Et intendo rem nostrnm
    tamquam propriam et tamquam filii, sperans me
    roe vos habiturum, dum 2S
    simul
    smul agimus, in
    bonum et
    el semper benevolum frntrem,
    fralrem, prout in
    litteris
    litters
    vestris pollicemini. Opto vos foeliciter
    foelciter agere et bene vaIere.
    valere.
    Vester B.
    . eardinalis,
    cardinalis, manu ro.
    propria.
    Non potui nec domino nostro
    neque vobis in
    totum scribere
    seribere propria manu propter huius itineris
    itneris im
    pedimenta, quae propter hoc petvium
    pervium trium dierum her
    Ie vix octavo die 30
    per me factum magis
    rnagis solito
    solto me angunt. Deo laus.
    48. Ben.rlon
    BesS8rlon C.rllln.lIs
    CarIInaIIs
    '.cobo
    Iacobo Amm.n.
    Ammanat
    Cardinali Papiensi.
    singula.risl
    singularisl Post commen- 35
    Reverendissime pater et domine roi
    dationem.
    Quemadmodum pIus
    plus meis rebus favebat assistentia vestrn
    vestra quam
    ipsa mea praesentia, ita
    . nunc,
    nune, eum
    cum valetudini curam adhibere eogor,
    cogor,
    32
    n_dssimo dom.iDO
    dnino Ca.rd.illaLi
    Ca.d.illaLi Papiensi.
    A sSttW..-iptib
    tt/W..-iptio : n_dissiDl"
    domlDO moo.
    mDa. domino
    Ep.48.
    . 48. Be
    B esa
    sa ari
    adOll
    011 IInterbeitet
    unterbreitet Ammallati
    m m &11& t i mehrere
    mehree Aliliegell:
    Aliegea: J.
    . Eille
    EiDe AageAllgeleseaheit.
    le8eaJ:eit. die iII
    iD Handea d .. lI"sariachen
    ""8ariacle ... Oraton liegt,
    liegt. bed"d
    bedarf der BcochleuDiga"ll.
    Be::J:leul>gag.

    EPISTOLA"E.
    EPISOL"E.

    509

    dignemini et ipsam meam qualemcumque pra.esentiam


    praesentiam supplere
    suplere et
    ! fa~
    vores vestros multiplicare.
    Primo,
    m, rogo dominationem
    domnationem vestram, det operam, ut orator domini
    domni
    regis Ungariae
    Ungaae dto
    cito et bene expediatur; nam et honor sanctissimi do5 mini nostri
    os et rerum necessitas ita
    2. requirit; fadetque
    facietque reverendjssjma
    reverenrlissima
    dominatio vestra rem
    rern gratissimam communi pat
    patri reverendissimo
    reerendissimo domino
    m S. Angeli.
    Angel, si eo absente habueritis curam Don suarum, sed publi~
    carum rerum.
    Secundo, intelligo quosdam, qui sunt hic
    hC ex parte Leonardi de
    10 S. Maura, petiisse vel
    petituros esse,
    ut Monembasia ei
    donetur. Videtur mihi non
    esse concedendum alieno, quod negatwn
    negatum fuit domino eius
    eus
    laei naturali, domino scilicet despotae. Bis iam
    loci
    ia.m sanctissUnus
    sanctissmus dominus
    domnus
    noster mihi dOOt
    dxit non
    se facturnm . Sed timeo importunitatem.
    Tertia,
    Tertio, in
    n insula Cretensi ex
    omnibus habitatoribus
    habtatbu s eius reman1[;
    H; serunt nobis duodecim presbyteri tantum unionem
    unianem sequentes, qui perseverarunt semper
    semer in unione firmi.
    firmt Eos ceteli
    ceteri omnes ludibrio
    ludb et concootemptui habent et omnibus ecclesiasticis emolumentis arunt,
    privarunt, ita ut
    fame
    faIlle pereant nec habeant, unde viV1l.nt
    vivant . Dominium
    Domnium Venetorum scribit
    scbt
    sanctissimo domino nostro et
    ! mihi ac a1iis
    aliis quibusdam rogans,
    ut
    20 sanctissimus dominus Doster
    noster eis aliquo
    aIiquo modo proideat,
    provideat, quod et
    necessarium et debitum mihi videtur. Causae
    Ca.usae sunt
    5 multae nec latent
    dominationem vestram.
    vestrarn. Modus proidend
    providendi eis talis est. Ibi est quodquod.dam beneficium moDachorum
    monachorum Montis Sinaim valoris
    aloS duorum milium
    ducatorum et ultra. Habent illud
    mud monachi illi de Monte Sinaim, ho25 mines
    nnes idiotae, illitterati, rudes, uwoni!;
    !; inimici
    inimCi ac ecclesiae catholicae
    hostes.
    bostes. Res digna esset totaliter auferre
    au{ee ab eis. Sed si
    5 propter loci
    Iod
    12 despot&e] despoto P

    ~.

    De
    .. Antragen
    Leonard,...
    .. dc S.
    De"
    Alltrgell V""
    > seiten
    seitell d_ Leoll.rd
    5 . Maura
    aua auf die
    de Henwchaft
    Henhaft VOll
    " Mo

    o elll
    n: b.
    buh.
    ,. iat.niell.t
    a.ncll. .tatt&be,
    Itatt&~beo, da
    d ..,!ehos
    ..,!chs berolo.
    berol~ dem Despot"o,
    Dosoteo, der In
    iD erator Liuio
    Linie
    AosprQcho hatto.
    hatte. verweigert wcm1"
    wcm1e o iot.
    . l
    ) .. FIlr
    F1.. I~
    u griecbioche
    gecbiocho Geistlich",
    Geistliche, die
    dio "'ejj:~
    "'es~
    ih*
    FaU.alte ....
    o der UOi<>O
    1]QO jegliche
    jeg1iche "Ei"ko.otte
    o!eo hl.boo..
    I<one ao
    erde:,
    ih~ Fath.alte!U
    aO
    "Ei"kQo!tto vetloreo
    hIoboo.. l<IIonte
    ~rgt ...erd,"""
    "'<Orul
    wenn ihn,"",
    ih"e: VOD
    VOD d .... reich
    rech_
    .... Pfii1odo
    Pfiilode d .... MODcho
    Mcho VBO
    Mool
    . SI"al.
    51".1. die
    dio ael.ber
    e100 keiDe
    keIne f'Io..
    deutull8"
    doutug b.abeo, eine
    ciDe jUulicho
    jUuliche A"wmUllg
    A"woisIg voo
    400 Dub.ten
    Dukaten 8"wt.h.rt
    8"wl.h.rt WI1rd".
    WIlnle. 4. BlKho1
    Bcl
    Athaoaslu.
    Ath.o
    lu. voo
    Gerace,
    G .,e, vordem.
    voniem C.lc"ofl1o.
    Calceofllo. abb.
    abb.lllon
    n:Oll.l.
    .. Mariao de
    do An:a.O. eist.
    Cist.
    Syrac"un
    Sync"'allo
    lle dioc.. wurd"
    wurde in
    der
    de:r Naclt.
    Naclit. ebo
    ebe ....
    er In
    i"'II
    sein BUtulll
    BUtun: einzieh""
    "illZeheo wollte,
    wO!te, Q!>erlallen
    IIberfalleo
    ..
    lind
    nd 'iot
    "t ..,itdetn
    seitdem vcnchwunden.
    vcnchwuden. Du
    Det Papst
    lllge
    n:g" &ich
    &leh decwes
    decwejj:_
    ......o K61llg
    "l: Fordlo.od
    Fel"dlnaod
    voo
    Neapel zwecks
    &weck .....
    weltere
    lterer N.chlonchuge:
    Nachlot"!lChllll8"'"'" ",eod
    weod"o
    .. o . Sollte
    So11te lieh
    ich herau
    Jerau ...teU"".
    ten"". da.B
    d .... Galan.nte
    G ......to nicht
    uicht mehr ....
    am Lobeo
    Leben ...
    sei,, bittet :
    p, ,: ...
    _
    loo um Vorleihuog
    V....leihuog \""_ Biatunl&
    Batu&
    ao ..
    in.. Pors6:o.Iich.keit
    seio
    .0
    ":>"
    Pors:o.Ich.l:eit all.\l
    &11.\1 ...
    0 ....
    .... t:mgebuog.
    t:ng"b .. og. 5.
    j. BeuariOD
    .... .. verzichtet anf
    6"ine
    eito Abtei
    bta
    S.
    s. P&trio;oi
    Patrioi...i in
    i F ... o ""iI'!Utel:r.
    .uguate.. eines
    ciDos .........
    oeiner Cubiclilarii.
    Cub(:II!arii. -e:.
    -. mo._ aber Vono.-ge
    ono-go
    getrofffID weril .... , d
    ... it Dicht
    uicht Sigi'mondo
    Sig;Imoodo M.lato_t.
    zuvorkoumo ulld
    8Ci ......
    getroff_
    d ....
    Malate.ta I"vorkomme
    und ";11011
    rin_ 1ICi
    Gllnstlinge
    GIlnst1igo in
    i dI"
    dI.. PfrGlldo
    PfrIIdo riDdf1lQge.
    ehdriQ.

    "'erd"",

    tJbediotert
    Brief: Arch.
    t.Jblif"rt ist
    $t d.,.. Briof:
    An:h. Vat.
    .. Arm..
    n:. XXXIX
    ton:>..
    to:. Jo
    fol.
    . 9 (8). EntII1aIs
    Entai
    hen.Ulgogehen
    hen....gogeboo. voo
    G. Pah
    PAloor
    .. ierl!! 11 !4Uf'&tori
    M ...to 111
    IU (Ro
    (Rn .....
    ...... (1195),
    ll19j), .
    p . .59--6'
    j9--6' (- 1').

    010

    BESSARIQNIS

    ut dicitur,
    pontificum Roma~
    reverentiam. propter quam,
    dcitur, nonnullorum JXlntificum
    Dorum
    norum privilegiis valla.ti
    vallati sunt, hoc videatur dumm,
    durum, saltem unam parpa.rtern istis
    tem
    Stis catholicis
    catho!icis viris
    vms concedendum esse censeo, videlicet usque ad
    ...00 ducatos, ut quilibet habere POSStt
    possit solidos 40 annuatim, eum
    c tamen
    tarnen
    plus perdant ex emolumentis suis consuetis uItra
    ultra bonorem, reputa- !i
    tionern et
    tionem
    amorem.
    amorem amissum inter gentem suam. Videtur mihl
    ihj omnino
    debitum proidere
    providere eis.
    Quarto. audivi episcopum nostrum leracensem Athanasium, Graedum iret in civitatem Ieracii
    Ierac et
    in suburbiis
    suburblis eius
    eins prima nocte percum, dwn
    noctasset.
    nocta.sset.
    ut crastino die processionaIiter
    processionaliter intraret civitatem,
    ciVtatem, illa.
    illa Docte,10
    nocte,10
    nescio quo, traductum vel
    forsitan interfectum fuisse. Etenim non
    in
    venitur. Dubito, oe
    quidam. qui hane
    hanc ecclesiam ambiebat, aliquid concootra vitam eius machinatus fuerit.
    Duo circa boc a dominatione vestra desidero: primo,
    ut sanctissisanctisS
    mus dominus Doster
    noster scnbat
    scribat serenissimo domino regi Ferdinando eHi15
    eHi~ 15
    caciter, ut eum inquirat di1igenter et liberet; secundo, ut, si vita funefunc~
    tus est, quod absit, dignetur dominus Doster illum episcopatum mihi
    pro uno de meis concedere.
    Quinto,
    Patniani Fanensis renuntio
    renunto
    eo cubicubi
    Quinta, abbatiam $. Patriniani
    uni meo
    culario. Sed quoniam ille inimicus Dei Sigismundus de Malatestis, tum 20
    cu1ario.
    propter suam cum ecclesia contumacilVO,
    contumacin, tum quoniam diu des;deranti
    illam abbatiam
    abbatam a me pro quod.am
    quodam suo habere negavi,
    vi, dubito. quod
    Don
    dabit possessionem huic meo, sed sentiens me renuntiasse, apprehendet eam et intrudet. quem vult, supplico sanctissimo domino nostro,
    ut mihi per breve suum concedat, ut, etsi renuntiavero, non
    tamen25
    tamen2li
    habta fuerit possessio ab hoc moo.
    intelligatur vacasse, nisi habita
    alii5. Credo
    Cum dominatio vestra
    vestra. perfecerit haec, supplico de aliis.
    narnque,
    vestra., quia
    pollinamque, quod ideo citius ista expediet dominatio vestra,
    ceor et a1ias
    alias inlerre
    infee molestias. Valeat dominatio vestra reverendissima.
    reverendissma.
    cui
    me humiliter commendo.
    30
    Datum in balneis Viterbiensibus 19. Ma
    Mai 1462.
    dominations vestrae
    Reverendissimae dominationis

    humilis servitor
    B.
    . Cardinalis Nicaenus

    .11
    511

    EPISTOLAR.
    EPISTOLAE.

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    Ep.
    . 49. Der Brief
    Be:f bild8t
    bildet deJI
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    SchluBpllnkt der literariacl1en
    literarisclen Fehde ..
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    Paris,is
    arisa 1833,
    1833. .
    p . 388
    3 (I>&C.b.Cod.
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    Para. g<.
    . 30'3). Mi,
    Migr"
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    pc. 16.,
    16 6<}1 ""1'1.
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    IU .

    514

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSRIONIS

    51. Bemrloft Clr.'n.II,


    Cr.lnaIIs
    Crlstophoro Mauro
    CrIstophoro
    MauTo
    Duci Vcnetorum.

    Illu.strissime prnceps
    Illustrissime
    prmceps et
    ct excellentissime domine, tamquam proprl1
    pru honoris ost
    post commendationem etc.
    ele.
    5
    Graviter
    Grnviter certe nos
    afficit felids
    felicis recordationis praedecessoris vestri
    inopinatus et
    el damnosus interitus,
    inteus, tum
    turn quia inter ceteras illius clans
    claris
    simi viri
    virtutes. eurn
    cum (eum) sempcr
    semper florentissimae
    f10rentissimae istius reipublicae
    studiosissimum cognovimus.
    <:ognovimus. Cui et
    el nos
    !> certe fuimus
    mimus erimusque. dum
    vivemus, affectissimi, tum
    vivemus.
    turn quia nos
    !> propter mirificam suam
    su30m quandam 10
    humanitatem Don
    vulgariter adamavit, ,quod saepius
    saepi\ls nobis re ipsa
    apertissime
    apertSSime ostendit. Ceterum immortalis
    immortals Deus, qui omnia
    n semper in

    melius
    roeHus disponit.
    . diutius nos
    doiere
    dolere non
    est passus. Audito enim felicissimo
    cSSimo promotionis vestrae illustrissimae dominationis Duntio
    tanto
    sumus
    5umus iIlico gaudio permot,
    permoti, ut praecedens maeror
    maeQr brevi sit sub- 16
    IIi
    sequenti voluptate restinctus.
    Primum igitur gratulamur, excellentissimae illi civitati, quia eum
    Frimum
    viTUm
    vilm ad hanc
    hane dignitatem extulerit, quam ille
    iIle suis in
    rem publicam
    publieam
    singuJaribus benefics
    beneficiis magis est mereri quam eonsequi
    consequi conatu s,
    5, quique
    eam laboribus, eonsiliis,
    consiliis, opera diutissime fovit et semper auxit. Gra-20
    Ep.
    . 3<.
    In
    .. Venedig 1
    b....,tUn
    tten sich V..nlndcl'\lngen
    V..nndc""ngcn in
    .. der Staatslei!u
    Saatlei tu <>g
    ng vollzogen,
    di"
    dio einen
    einer Ums:hw1l
    Ums:hwlI ng in
    d.,.. Tllrkenpoljtik der Republik
    Republk enn,rten
    .,.....,te:r lieen.
    Iellen. Am
    > ,. Mai

    '462 war der Doge Prosp"ro


    Malipiero 8estorben,
    gestorben,
    unter dessen FIIh""ng
    Fllhrung dio
    die
    }<'rieden.parteI bisher auf dem Wege von
    }<'rieden.partei
    .. Verhandlunsen
    Verhandlunge: nnd Entgegenkommen
    Entgege:kommen mit
    der
    tllrltischen
    trkischen M"",ht
    Macht weiterzukommen
    weiterzukOlllmen :eucht
    g<:eucht hatte. uhr zum I.eid .. _
    dor
    der J'!I""oclten
    J'!Inioclten
    Kurie, ganz
    pnz boJ$onde"
    be$nnden auch Be.st.arions,
    Be.sarinn" der in
    den Ernbenrn
    Eroberern ...
    ""iner
    Heimat Ollr
    01l ei"e
    ol"e
    ochwe..-o Gefahr 111r
    das
    d&$ chri.tliche
    chri.tlche Abendland sah.
    ,. Cr ;i sto!oro
    a-m 12. Mai
    Ma-i
    ""hw....-e
    stoloro Moro.
    MOlo, der am
    zum Dngen
    Dogen g"wU",
    gewIhlt wor<len
    woleu war. hatte
    ..
    bis dahin bereits
    beeit eioe
    eiDe ande
    a-ndere
    .... Fi"oteIlung
    Fin.tellung an
    den T&f
    To.g gelegt.
    geIegt. An
    ihn
    ricb.tete
    riebtete am :24.
    24. Mai 410..
    _16":0 BeUarion
    BoIIarion neben a nd= Ka.r,.,._
    din.ll.len
    dnAle" V(ln Viterbo au.
    all' das
    da vorliegende
    voliogende Glll.ckwu"""hscbreiben.
    GIIckwuncbscbreiben.
    Wie
    Wi., B
    El ess"rion
    essuion zu'"
    zum Ausdruck bringt. ve
    venIacb
    .... prach er
    sich vOn
    dem N.,ugewAhlten.
    NeugewAhlten.
    mit
    dem
    d:m er
    schon .eit
    l J.ll.ngeur
    J.ll.ngee Zeit perdnJich
    pendnJich beka-nnt
    bekannt geweun
    gew~n wa-r,
    wSr, In
    1;
    't I '>oder
    nderer
    Wei.., die Verteidigung
    Veteidigung der
    dor chriAtIichen
    chriAtIiche:r Sache.
    ~he. hnlich
    'lhnlich ..ie
    EI_.i""
    _.. schickten
    schicl<te.n auch
    andere Ko.Iinlle
    ar<linAIe _
    es liegen nocb
    noch zw6lf
    zwOlf weit
    weitere
    ...... Schreiben in
    der Slommlung
    SIomm!ung VOT
    1"
    ihre
    ... GI!l.ckw!l.noclte.
    Gckwnoclte. Pi
    <8
    ul II
    ..,Iber
    leiber lie
    ! nur ein ku."
    kurz ... Scbreiben
    Schreiben ergehen
    ergeben {.S.
    {8. Mai
    .6:
    6:1
    aus
    a-us Viterboj,
    Viteboj, daDeben
    daneben aber
    ..ber durch
    dutcl einen Cesandten
    C .... ndten mit einer
    eoer Rede im Humani.teutiJ
    HumaDi.toutiJ
    ...
    sein"
    ine Freude kun<1gebeD.
    kundgeben.
    Das
    bsher
    bisher DO<;h
    noI uQ.8edn>ckte
    ul\8edruckte Schreiben
    Schreben Be_rio
    Besario .... auf
    _ du
    d.u Pa.tnr
    Pa.tor in
    ...
    seiner
    iner Ge_
    ""biehte
    ""hchte der
    derPl.pste
    P.pste 'u
    ' '43 n.'
    n . aufmerksam
    a-ufmorksam gemacht bat, ist
    tlberliefert:
    berliefert: Venedig. EIlhl.
    Blhl.
    M
    ..rc_ Cod.lat
    Mac_
    Cod.la-t . XIIl.
    . 90.
    \10, fot
    fnl . . oY_
    _ 1I
    ). DuCratulationoachn:iben
    DasCratulationoscheiben Piu.
    Piu,' Il
    1 eben<la
    ebenda.
    ( _ M).
    uwl.bnto Rede fol.
    { 7v----9v
    7----9 (ged",ck t bei I.
    . C "
    u gnnni,
    gnoni. A~nea.e
    A~n ..... Sylvii
    SyIvi Piet:O_
    Pc:n_
    10\.
    fn\. 7, die ewAbnte
    10lll;ni Opera In""'it
    10m'Di
    Inelita.
    ... Rnmae
    Romae .883,
    .S83,
    p . 6 . ... !,
    1, die Briele
    Briefe der
    de K
    Kardinlle
    .. tdintte 101.
    fol. I1-'4v.
    1-'4.
    1111
    1> ein.elnen
    en.elnen ..
    aufgelIIht
    ufgelll.hrt bel
    beI Pauor
    Pa-tnr ...
    a. a. O.
    . '
    '4'
    . , n. 3.

    '15
    ."

    EPISTOLAR.
    EPISTOLAE.

    tula.mur deinde
    tulamur
    dende non
    minus
    m!'. christianae
    christa.na.e religioni a..c fidei, quae
    qua.e sui
    mirificum
    mirifcum quendam delensorem eadem est promotione consecuta. Nam
    eum
    cum vos
    os in
    n privata adhuc
    adhue vita exsistentem,
    exsStentem, ubi so!a
    sola studia et voluntates pnestari
    praestari poterant.
    poteront. eognoverimus
    cognoverimus religiosissimurn
    religiosSSimum et
    el acerrimum
    11: ehristianitatis
    christianitats propugnatorcm, quid
    qud futurum esse sperabimus,
    spera.bimus, eum
    cum ad
    voluntatem accesserit
    aecesserit facultas , praesertim adiuncta
    adiuneta prudentia.
    prudentia singusngu
    !ari?
    lari? Postea. et nobis
    nobS ipsis
    ipsS non
    panm
    paru.m gratulamur, si quid nostra in
    his habent eonditionis.
    conditionis. eum
    Cum mm
    primum enim vestra iUustrissim~
    illustrissim~ dominatio aliqua
    aIqua humanitate et benevolenta
    benevolentia nos
    os complecti coepit, statim
    10 ad eum
    eurn cumulum eva.sit
    evasit vester in
    nos
    os amor singularis, ut nihil ci
    e
    amplius addi posse videretur.
    vderetur. Quae res facit,
    ut practcr
    praeter publicam
    iustitiam
    iusttiam et gratiosam ilHus
    illius dignitatis hurnanitatem,
    llumantatem, quae optimo
    m
    cuique numqua.m
    nurnquam clausa
    c1ausa fui!,
    , spercmus aliquid accessionis a vestra
    benignitatc ct patcmo in
    nos animo nobis esse futurum, vel tamquam
    tamqua.m
    115 du1citer
    du1cter dileeto
    dIecto filio,
    (ilio, vel tamquam carissimo civi eius civitatis,
    civita.tS, cuius
    humanitas
    hunauitas nos
    !'. membrum suum efficcrc
    efficcre voluit.
    l .
    Restabit igitur, uf,
    ut, quemadmodum antea
    antea. Deum
    Dcurn immortalem deprccamur, quatenus vos ro
    precamur,
    pro meritis vestraru.m
    vestranm virtutum ad hoc culmen
    d.ig:nitatis extol1ere
    d.ignitatis
    extollere dignaretur. ita
    ita. in
    postenm,
    posteru.m, si quid n05trae preces
    preees
    20habent
    m, continuc oremus,
    ut longum et felicissimum s tatum
    2Oha.bent virium,
    vestrae illustrissimae
    illustrissima.e dominationis
    domina.tionis concedere velit,
    ut patra
    patria et amid,
    amici,
    inter
    nter qu05 profecto non
    minima pars ipSi
    $ sumus, diutissime possint
    vestris
    vestrs virtutibus excellentissimis
    exceUentissimis vestraque sapientia
    sapienta et gubernandi
    dementia singulari diutissime perfrn.
    clementia
    perfrui.
    25

    Va]eat pIurime
    Valeat
    plurime vestra illustrissima dominatio, cui nos
    os plumum
    plurimum
    recomittimus.
    Datum Viterbii
    Viterb 24. mensis Maii
    Ma 1462.
    14. .

    Vestrae illustrissimae dominationis


    Vestra.e
    domna.tionS filius
    fIius
    B.
    . episcopus Thusculanus
    Cardinalis Nicaenus.

    "
    27 Maii] Madii
    M..d M

    ,,0
    "0

    '16

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSARI0NIS

    '2. Bess.arJon CardJnaIIs


    CardlnaUs
    Plo
    Secundo
    Pontifici Maximo.

    Sanctissime
    Sanctssime ac beatissime patcf.
    pater. Post humilem
    humlem eommendationem
    commendationem
    ( pedum oscula beatorum.
    ~
    er
    Veni huc die XXII.
    . praesentis. Exceptus fui
    { eum
    cum honore ob reverentiam apostolicae sedis. Sequenti die expO$ui
    exposui breviter causam Iegationi5 meae. Expressi dolorern et anxietatem vestrae beatitudinis
    tionis
    beadtudinis de
    calamitate Christianorum et
    caJamitate
    ( promptitudinem animi ac optirnarn voluntatern ad subveniendum. Dixi missum me a sanctitate vestra propter 10
    tatem
    duo ncalter
    principaliter : ,
    primo,
    ut in hac expeditione a tque expensa, quam
    faciunt. eos auctoritate vestrae beatitudinis pro viribus
    faciunt,
    vrbus iuvarem; se7 apostolicae
    apostoIcae se.:!is A

    P leI'is
    "e'is apoUo!ieae
    apootoJicae
    B Pr
    ..c promptibld;n~m

    promptitudinem B

    H
    et pronptitudioelD
    protnptitudioelD A

    P Pr

    Ep.
    Lega.t beY
    In
    . j~.
    "'~' Be
    B .... ~ion
    ~o b<richtet
    b<ricbtet ab
    aIs apostolisch.".
    apotolscl.". Leg"t
    BbeY $dne
    $dn .. Aufn.uune
    Aufn.unne 10
    Ve"edig
    uod (!j"
    die n..r..ttllCbftft
    n..uitlCbaft dcr
    der Republik
    Reublik ~
    ~u einem
    eitem Unternehmen
    Utlemehmeu gegen (!je
    e Tllrk"n.
    To .ken.
    V .. .,edig UGd
    Aus einem Sehriftstock,
    Schriftstck, du
    d .... ihm am 25. Juli J463 durch drei
    dre Abgesa.ndte
    Abgesandte ~lI
    ~lIr Einsicbt
    Einsichtnahme
    ahn .. vorge!egt
    vorgelegt won:len
    worden war, teiII
    teilt er
    < mehure Punkte mit
    .
    I.
    . Mit
    der p,p<ltIiche"
    plI.plItlichen Sendung
    $endung wie mit
    der Pe."",,,
    Per""," de& (;
    (;eso.ndt~n
    ..... ndt~n ssitd
    ind
    uie
    .. Vene .
    ~ianer einveBtand"".
    ~iater
    einveBtand..... De.
    Per Eifer
    !". des Paplltes
    Pap<lte win:l
    wird gewllrdigt.
    .. to
    tll rkioche
    rkiocbe Gcfabr
    Gefahr ist
    als
    a!s b"ennend
    brennend erkannt. Im
    1 H inblick darauf h"bo:o
    haboo d
    die
    ie
    2. Pi"
    Republik
    war .. der
    deT
    Reub!ik schnn .eit
    aeit lange",
    Iatgeu r Zeit sich groBe
    groDe Ausgabftn
    A"sgaben auferlegt
    auIc.Iegl . Ande ... w're
    Tnrke
    Tllrke schon langst
    Jangst in
    ItaIien
    Italien einge<\rungen.
    eingedrungen.
    3. Zwec\t.s
    Zweclu eines
    """ um
    umfeMer.den
    feMer.den Untern"hmen.
    Unternehme"S h&be
    b.&be die lIepublik
    IIepublik durch ihren StAn
    t.o
    (!jgen
    Delegaten den KOnig
    digen Gesandten
    Gesandlen und r.r.euen:lings
    .. uedins du,eh
    duc.h eicen
    eir.en besonderen
    besond."..,n DeIegaten
    Onig v"D

    Ungun in
    Mtinem
    Mtnem Ab ... ehrwillen
    ehrwiIIen ~II
    ~u best"rken gesucht.
    geucht. D esgleichen
    esgleich en habo:o
    haboo sie
    .. nach
    DeDUcl>land.
    I)ent.cl>Iand . Bthmen
    BthmNl Dnd
    und Polcn
    POlen sich gewand It . 11
    um .um
    ,um Krieg gegen die
    .. T
    TO
    IlTken
    .ket auf_
    ,ufon:lern
    zufordern.. Sie
    5 .. erin"erten
    erinnerten aber
    _ber daran, daO
    ., man
    maD die Befriedung Ita1ieD!l
    Jtalie"" als
    .,. Aufgabe des
    ""
    Papates betroLchte.
    betroLcht". E rforderlich
    rf"rderIch encheioe
    en:heite auch das Mitwirken
    Mitwirket des
    ... KO"ig.
    KOniS' V<HI
    FranlrFrank.-cir.h,
    cich, bei dem beond...-e
    besond_ Schritte .11
    z .. IInterr.ehmen
    unterr.ebmen seien. sobald die VerUltnilSe
    VerUltni ae ;n
    ..
    Italien in
    ItaIien
    .. Otdnurg geb"",ht
    g~b"",ht seien .
    die Ge!d
    Geld eistungen
    des
    her"..
    4. Fllr di"
    e.tungen seitens
    $e.tens d
    cs Pap!ltes
    Papt"" .. eiD man Pank. Falb noch hOher
    Abgaben auferlegt
    auferI"gt wen:len
    weden
    und Gelder
    G eId er aus
    auS der AbI.,O
    AblaD verkand uDg
    ung ...
    an
    ., Vene.i
    V""eziani..,hen
    ... nischen
    PJatzell
    Vermehrung der
    }'lotte
    PlatzeIl e;ngehen
    eilIgehen,, sollen
    solleIl oie aushli~elich
    aUsKhli~Iich der
    l'lotte dienen
    dienen..
    Anerkanllt wurd"
    wurde du Angebot du
    Herzogs von
    5. AnerlranIIt
    du Herzoga
    Surgund.
    6. Bei
    Bei. allem
    a.Ilen k
    lrInne
    nne f.ich
    oich Venedig
    Velledig der
    d~r Verwunderung Q;cht
    lIicht enthalt en.
    eD. da
    daB der
    d~r Papst
    Paps
    zu
    > keinem
    keillern Frieden
    F rieden mit den Mal .. testa
    es.a komme.
    Zum SchluD
    SchuO ILuert
    \l.uBert 11
    J3 ' ..
    H ;OIl
    ioll sein
    wn Staunen
    Stau"e.n \l.be"r
    ber die
    di .. SchwerflUigkeit.
    Sehwen't1igkeit. mit de.
    der
    die
    .. Venenaner
    Venerianer die
    ; Allgelegenheit
    Angelege..heit behandelII,
    behandeln, wahrend
    _hrcnd ';e
    oie doch ".,hon
    ".,bon recht
    reeht umfang
    umfanghaben
    reiche VorbeTeitDlIgen
    Vorbe"etnngen fQr
    . einen
    enen Krieg
    Kr eg gegen die
    TOrken
    T II rken getroffen
    getroffClI haben.
    lu.ben. Sie
    5 .. habeu
    bueiu
    aufg stellt
    den Peloponnea
    PIOlopII :a Obersetzeo
    baben
    bereiu Landtruppen aufs
    und in
    bersetzeIl 1u&en. Ragusa
    RaguS&. haben
    sie Hille
    .. %ugesichert. A
    Ues
    " sei
    w offen
    Ofen geschehen.
    gesclehen. O
    P er Bruch mit
    nit dem Tnrken
    To.rken .stehe
    teh ..
    unmittelbar bevor.
    unmttebar
    Oberlieferung:
    Vberleferung: Arch. Vat.
    V.t. Arm. XXXIX
    tom. JO, fol. I ( .. AJ.
    ) . _
    D."
    Dru ck
    c k
    ausgaben:
    ausgabeD: A.
    . B_chDlaun
    BachIJlalln , ......
    . IL O.
    . (s.
    (. oben S.
    5. 50') .s.-...
    B).
    ). _
    G . Palmin
    Palm;er ; ,
    &.
    . a. O.
    . (s.
    . oben S.
    5. 501) III
    6J-66 (_ ).
    p). - L. v.
    . Pallor
    Pa8lOf...
    . a. O.
    . (So
    (. obeII
    ob~1I 5.50 ' )
    II 137-739 (- h).

    .&---. (_
    (_

    EP1STOLAI;:.
    EPJSTOLE.

    517
    '17

    eundo,
    cundo, ut !!.
    una tractaremus
    traetarernus de
    dc generali
    general! expeditione
    cxpeditionc et bello aperte
    apertc eum
    cum
    hostibus gerendo. Ad quam
    hostibu5
    quarn fern
    rcm beatitud:nem
    beatitud:ncm vestram ostendi prompae paratissimo animo esse, dummodo ipsi aperte velint a.dveradvertissimo ac
    sus hostes dimicare
    Sll5
    dimieare idque fateantur, quod hucusque obtinere ab
    a,b eis
    cis
    :; vestra
    potuit, cl
    sine quo non
    posset sanetitas
    s.anctitas vestra
    vestTa beatitudo non
    vcl
    l se
    sc parare ver
    alios moverc.
    movere.
    IIlustrissimum
    tcmpore eogitandi
    cogitandi heri misit ad
    I11ustrissimum dominium quaesito tempore
    me
    m tres nobiles eum
    cum responso in
    scriptis. Cuius eum
    cum copiam peti1ssem,
    petilssem,
    respondcrunt se id facere
    responderunt
    faeere non
    posse sine mandato dominii. Movi
    aliqua
    aIqua
    10
    losuper
    super responsione eorum et rogavi, :
    ut apertius loquerentur, pra.esertim
    praesertim
    de bello
    beUo Turtis
    Turcis inferendo. Hac
    Hae conditione a me recessernnt,
    recesserunt, ut dominium
    consulerent. Hodie vero
    consuJerent.
    ro iternm
    iterum ad me reversi copiam facere noluerunt,
    l,
    dicentes non
    esse id consuetudinis suae. Cedulam tamen
    tarnen iternm
    iterum relegerunt, ex qua in
    summa notavi et
    scripsi ims
    ll!) videntibus haec, quae
    l:;scquuntur.
    Primo:
    m: Laudant sanetitatem
    s.anctitatem vestram de missione legati cl
    "' de
    persona missi.
    miss. ExtoJlunt
    Extollunt optimam voluntatem beatitudinS
    beatitudinis vestrae, non
    quod nova
    !!. cis
    es visa
    sa sit, sed quia, quo magis eontinua,
    continua, eo
    co magis eis est
    grata. Sperantque per eam omnia
    m!!. bona fieri
    ie posse.
    20
    Secundo: Quod ea, quae per me
    m dicta sunt de libidine dominamli
    dominand
    huius Turti
    Turci ct multis
    u1!> regnis intra
    !!. breve tempus e
    per eum
    m acquisitis
    acquistis et

    continua oppressione Christianorum


    Christanornm et insatiabili desiderio veniendi in

    Italiam, verissima sunt et ipsj


    ipsi ea optime
    optme intelligunt
    inteUigunt et
    antea intellextntellexe
    runt.
    . Propterquod
    Propterquodsubierunt
    subicrunt continue magnas expensas
    expen.sas praesertimque
    pcaesertimque
    25 hoc tempore,
    ut furori
    eius
    !; resisterent. Quod nisi
    fecissent, Turcum
    iam in
    Italia
    Jtala haberemus.
    Tertio: Quod ad generalem
    generatem expeditionem
    cxpeditionem sempcr
    semper {uemnt
    fuerunt parati
    et nunc
    nune maxime sunt. Et
    putant ad hoc omnino
    m deveniendum, et utinam, inquiunt, iam deventum esset. Et
    quod popferea
    propterea ma.ximam
    maximam fe30 cerunt diligentiam apud serenissimum dominum regem
    regern Ungariae,
    primo per nuntium, quem
    qucm ilIit
    llc assidue detinuerunt, deinde etiam
    etiarn nuper

    per nobilem
    nohilern oratorem ad hortandam regiam maiestatem, ut forti ac
    constanti animo ersevercf,
    persevcrct, et quod nunc
    nune mittunt ob eandern eausam
    caus.am
    unum ex primariis civibus, dominum Paulum
    aum Mauriceno in
    Germaniam,
    35 Bohemiam et Poloniam ad dominos iIlos
    !> adversus
    adersus Turcum incitandos.
    Addunt tamen
    tarnen reverenter et,
    ut filios
    flio5 decet, dicere
    dieere se, quod sedcs apostolica implicita bellis italitis
    ita.licis neque per se potest bello incumbere, ut
    necessarium
    ecessarium foret, neque alios,
    alias, sive Italos, sive exteros commode
    cornmode moeurn omni reverentia ad mcmoriarn
    mernoriam vestrae
    vestcae
    vere. Propterea reducere se cum
    .,btiueu
    <>ptiuere A
    \ 11
    <"""'r~
    P
    Pr
    ,. " ... - c.
    n
    id esse
    _
    obtiueu ]) optiuere
    f"""'run~ A
    co "runt 8 ! 13 no
    ''1'.
    1'1'. B
    \ 20 Quod ... A

    pp.
    . Item ea 1J I 23 ipsi A
    P
    P.
    . iUi
    ; 8
    8 \ 35 Bobemiam
    Bobeiam A
    P

    Boemiam
    B P.
    . \ 3,~ Turoum A
    P
    P.
    . Turc""
    TUTe"" 11
    l
    ..
    0.1.

    518

    BESSARIONI
    BESSRIONI S

    beatitudinS,
    beatitudinis,

    primo
    prima
    ut dignetur dare pacem
    pacern ltaliae, ubi dari potest,
    praesertim bonis et honorabilibilli
    honorabilibus mediis
    meds oblatis;
    obIats; ubi vero
    lieri
    f pax com
    mode non
    otest,
    potest, indicere indutias : deinde rebus ita
    . compositis
    compositS persuadere serenissimo domino regi Franciae,
    ut ad haJ1c
    hane rem
    rern concurrat,
    quod non
    dubitant rebus in
    Italia sic
    sie compositis maiestatem suam fac- I
    turam,
    decimis , vigesimis et
    trigesimis locorum
    tnram, praesertim concessis ei
    suorum. Se non
    modo excitatos esse, sed iarn
    am motos in
    re ipsa versari,
    cum iam iam exercitum
    c coegerint mari et
    terra,
    omni

    eurn
    ut in
    Dmni casu reprimere possint impetum hostis, et
    occasione se afferente
    offerente viribus
    iribus
    uti
    ad honorem Dei et
    exaltationem reIigionis.
    religionis. neque solum se
    5e et ceteros 10
    Christianos defendere. sed etiam vim ultro inferre hostibus va!eant.
    Huius
    capituli, quod longissimum erat, has ne<:essarias partes de verbo
    ad verbum exeerpsi,
    excepsi, pluribusque hoc loco
    LOCO verbis contendi, ut aIi4uid
    ali4uid
    mihi apertius dicerent
    dieerent , a5Serens
    asserens nihil me ex
    hoc amplius habere, quam
    ex
    generalibus oratoris
    oratoS sui verbis iam diu Romae habuerimus. Tandem 16
    nihil
    nhil ab eis amplius
    ampIius excerpere
    exeerpere potu.
    potui.
    QuartQ:
    QuartQ : Quoad oblationem praesentis praesidii agunt vestrae sancsanetitati infinitas
    nfinitas gratias. Quod si
    5 vestra beatitudo ultra id, quod ipsi de
    suo conlerent,
    conferent, et decimas,
    decmas, vigesirnas
    igesirnas et trigesimas, praedicatones
    praedicationes in
    dulgentiasque locomm
    loconm suorum, quas sanctitas ve!itra
    vestra eis conced.it,
    concedit, alialt- 20
    quid eis supererogaverit, promittunt id totum exponere in
    augmentum
    classis contra Turcum.
    cl.assis
    Quinto: Quod de oblatione illustrissimi domini
    domn ducis Burgundiae
    Burgundae
    gaudent. Sed videtur
    idetur eis
    !; omnino necessarium esse consensum domini
    regis Franciae. Idoo omnino ad eum principaliter
    prineipaliter esse confugiendum 2:i
    pacatis primo, ut dictum est, rebus regn
    regnii et
    Romandiolae.
    Romandolae.
    Postremo : Addunt, quod haec opera ita salubria et necessaria
    necessatia impediuntur propter bel1a
    bella Italiae, et quod satis mirantur curn reverentia
    loquentes, quod sanctitas vestra adeo difficilis
    difficlis sit in
    concedenda pace
    Maletestis
    Ma1etestis ita Iaudabilibus conditionibus
    condtionibus oblatis,
    obJatis, et quod tamen
    tarnen de-30
    demnt
    derunt sufficiente m commi!;sionem
    commissionem orAtori
    or"Atori suo apud sanctitatem
    vestram de r espondendo in
    facto domini
    domni ducis Burgundiae, cum Ofaoratores illius
    Ulius venerint . In
    his videntur
    identur hi dves
    cives omnino haerere nec aliquid uItra
    ultra dicere vel1e,
    velle, quamquam ego multa
    muIta oportune et ad factum
    Maletestamm
    Ma.letestarum et
    ad negotium pacis
    paeis Italiae
    Italae et
    ad cetera responderim.36
    responderim.3
    Nescio, an maiori instigatione
    instgatione atque importunitate mea moveri -
    po-temut, ut aliquid latius aperiant. Dubito eos
    terunt,
    ws nihil
    nibil amplius
    ampIus dicturos,
    donec vestra sanctitas ad haec responderit et aliud
    allud mmi
    h mandaverit.
    3 indice;
    indiee;.... A

    P P.
    . indllccre
    B \ 6 ttigesimia
    ttigesinia A

    P triasimia
    triim.
    B P.
    . 1 1
    10 0
    eetuaa
    _aa
    A
    P
    PT exteraa
    B J 23 Q"od
    Q .. od A
    P h ]]
    B _. J 24 domini A
    P
    Pr 1
    B _. J 25



    ]
    ! .,IDnil)(>
    Olml)(>
    A

    P
    PT oIDnitnodo
    ollodo
    B [ 1!6 pacati. A

    P Pr
    paratia
    B \ 29 adeo
    &<Ieo A

    P
    PT tam
    t&I
    B \
    33 oIDnin.,
    olo A

    P
    PT omnimodo
    onnimodo !
    B! 34 factnm
    factntn A

    P
    PT {""tam
    fadam
    B 1
    ! 35 Halid
    H.li.. ] ItaU.
    It&lifI A

    P
    Italic;.e
    Italc.
    B
    PT \ Celera]
    ceter& ] <:Oetera
    ::oetera A

    P J 38
    3 ...
    aanctitaa
    nctit&a vestra.
    vestra
    B

    EI'ISTOLAE.
    EI'ISTOLE.

    5"

    video,
    cur isti dovideo. beatissime pater,
    pater. nec satis mirari
    mimri possum, eur
    ita dlfficiles
    dlfficles sint in
    dicendo se velle eum
    cum Turcis
    Tureis rumpere.
    n.mpere, eum
    cum
    mini
    maximos
    maxim; hucusque
    hueusque sumptus fecerint et in
    classe et in
    terrestribus
    terestribus copiis,
    cops,
    quas et paraveJnt
    paraverunt et eontinue
    continue parant ac
    ae in
    Peloponnesuffi
    Peloponnesum traiiciunt.
    :i Praeterea
    Paeterea communis
    COffimun! fama est apud eos omnino
    rumpere velle: immo
    multi opinantur
    oplnantur eapitaneum
    capitaneum eorum iam rupisse. Item decreverunt
    decreeJnt mittere subsidium Ragusinis. Miserunt oratorem ad Ungaros. Mittunt nunc
    nune
    alium ad alias
    alas potentias ultramontanas. Et haec omnia faciunt aperte.
    aperte,
    eum
    cum antea, sicut
    sient scit
    seit sanetitas
    sa.nctitas vestra, umbram etiam istarum rcrum
    10 formidarent. Fortasse aliqua ratione id fateri Dolunt.
    nolunt. Apertissime
    Apcrtissime tarnen
    tamen
    videtur.
    idetur, et ista est mea et aliorum
    alorum opinio.
    , eos omnino
    m aperte eum
    cum Turco
    Tureo
    rupturos. Aliter quicquid hucusque fecerunt
    feeerunt., ineassum
    incassum actum esset et
    ultra quingenta milia ducatorum frustra essent abiecta.
    ultm
    Haec omnia
    m;!. volui
    l aperire beatitudini vestrae, ut
    pw sua pietate
    15 et sapientia
    sa.pienta dignetur consulere saiuti
    saluti Christianorum
    Chri!itianoJm et una cum sacro
    collegio viam aliquam excogitare,
    exeogitare, per quam talls
    tals et tam
    tarn sancta a.c
    necessaria
    necessara res dirigi
    dirig possit. Ego interea exspe<:tabo
    exspx:tabo mandatum vestrne
    beatitudinis. cuius
    cUus clementiae
    c1ementiae me humiliter commendo.

    Non

    Datum Venetiis die 26. Iulii 1463.


    Eiusdem vestrae sanctitatis
    sanctitats
    serus
    humilis servus
    B.
    . episcopus
    epSC0pu!i ThUSGulanus.
    Thus:;uIanu s.
    53. Btssarlon
    B"S8rlon Clrdlnalls
    CrdJn8IJ5
    Plo
    Secundo

    Pontifici Maximo.

    Sanctissime ac beatissime pater. Post pedum oscula


    oseula beatoJm
    beatorum..
    Post litteras
    lttera.s illas.
    llas, quas nudius
    nudiu!i tertius scripsi beatitudini vestrac
    vestrae
    de
    <1e ultimo responso dato
    da.to mihi ab isto
    islo ilIustrissimo
    illustrssimo dominio, non
    cessavi
    CC!iSa.vi
    5 omnino
    <>mnino A
    I'
    ' .
    P . mnimod.
    <>rio<l.<> lJ I r'IImpen>
    Ien: A
    Jj Pt"
    r<>mP"'''''
    r<>mpere
    P I imm
    r:<> J im
    im<>
    A
    B
    P
    1'" I
    7 nuoc
    nuoe A
    P
    PI
    ,.) H
    ......
    """. I 10 formidarent
    formida rent A
    P
    fonnidaruot
    fonn;daruot B
    Pr
    ,. I
    11 om0;
    oino
    ..0 A
    P
    Pr mnnimodo
    nno<l.o B
    t Tu"",
    "", A
    P
    h
    pP Turcis D I H
    ]. pietate A
    P
    Pr
    ,. pote8tate
    potestat .. B
    t
    18
    b
    bnis
    .. is vre irp. Pr
    ,. I hutttiliter
    huttiliter me,.p.
    meltp. Pr 120 Eiusdcm]
    Eiusdem] E.
    . V. S. "pud
    apud A
    P
    l) l:-:go
    J:.:go lJ
    23 A
    S,./WiJ_iplio:
    s ,.pr.. u: ... cti$$imo
    C$$io domino n ostro '"'
    pa""
    Ep.
    . ~3.
    ~l. Zweiter Bericht d ... !{ar<linallegaten
    Kar<lioallegaten ber
    Qber d;e
    die Ergebn
    Ergehn ...... Miner Sendung
    nach Venedig.
    V enedig. Nach langem
    Iangen 1JberIegen
    berlegen haben die Abgcsandten
    Abgesandten der Signoria ihm
    hn mitgetet,
    get:ilt, daB der Krieg gegen die T llrken bes<;b\Qs<eo
    bes<;blosoen w""den
    woden oei.
    lh..,
    Ihre Sot"8e
    Soge sei
    oe nur
    noch,
    :tu
    :n wi$oen, was
    ",s fOr
    Leistungen der Pap1>t
    Pap1t aufhringen
    aufbringen wer<le. Er
    . h
    babe
    abe die
    d.. Zehnten.
    Zebnten. Zwan_
    ngsten und DreiBigMen
    .."
    , Predigten
    Predgten und AbJl$se.
    kommenden
    I ommenden Sonntag
    .agsten
    Dreiigsten rn
    .... nt.
    Abll$se. Am
    werde er in
    S. lila"",
    .. "", zelebrieren uod
    und eine
    eoe Pro.easioo
    Pro.essioo veranstaIteo.
    veranstalten. ffentlich
    OffentJicl scbeuen
    cbeuen
    oUch
    ch die Ve
    Venezianer
    ..ezia ....... etwa"
    :tw&8 zu
    v .....l&ngon.
    langon. Unter der Hand halten
    lal si
    ;,.
    .. mit
    ihre
    ihr.. n Wonschen
    Wonchen
    n;cht
    nicht zuri1ck.
    zurilek. Wu Bun<\esgQl._n
    BundesgQl.ouen betrifft,
    betrifft , >Id
    >ICi der Pap"t
    Papat ihre
    h:r .. einzige
    einz.ge Hoffnuug.
    Hffnuug. Er

    520
    '20

    BESSARIONIS

    omni
    omn} opcra
    opera et studio contendere,
    ut aliquando
    aJiquando desideratum finern
    haberern. Vocavi rorsum
    berem.
    n..rsum deputatos. Allocutus sum seorsum quam J
    pluriex prmariis
    primars nobiIibus
    nobilibus urbis cl,
    diversi
    mos e"
    , quia non
    deinemnt,
    defuern.nt. qui
    d.iversi
    generis :l;izania
    :oizania seminavcrant, conatus
    conatns sum
    surn ea e pe.:::toribU$ ccivium
    ivium evel
    Iere
    adh
    adhibitis
    ibitis quibusdam bo!>
    bonis cl
    l notabilibus prae!atis, quorum
    quOIm mini- i;
    sterio
    steTio usus fni.
    { Denique adhibere conatus
    conatns sum
    surn Offinc
    Offine genus persuasionis,
    gratiae, humanitatis,
    ut rem perficerern. Sic
    Sie tandem eurn
    cum caelesti favore
    placati sunt
    " animi
    anini nobilitatis. EI
    ubi die lunae cl
    Martis ost
    post diutumam consultationem factam
    lactam in
    consilio
    coMlo rogatorum id tantum
    tanturn actum
    c
    fuerat, quod sanctitas vestra ex litteris
    i!> mcis
    rocis intcllexit, iterum
    Il die Mer-IO
    -
    cuni
    curii et
    ct Iovis usque ad noctem in
    eodem rogatorum consilio
    conslio fuerunt.
    Dcmumque hoc mane cum prima luce
    Iuce ad me venerunt magnifici
    magnifiei deputati, retuleruntque hilari et laeto vu1tu,
    vultu, quemadmodum illustrissimum dominium considerato summo fervore et honestissimo desiderio
    desderio
    beatitudnis
    beatitudinis vestrae, cuius volu
    voluntati
    ntati parere omnibus
    omnibu~ in
    rebus desiderat,
    desderat, 15
    interveniente
    nterveniente etiam
    ctiam summo
    summa studio ac diligentia,
    dligentia, quam feceram,
    feceam, ut ipsi
    dieunt, decreverat morem gerere beatitudini vestrae. Et ita heri tertia
    dicunt.
    hora noctis decreverat in
    consilio
    "- rogatorum et unanimi omnium consensu concluserat bellum
    belIum indicere
    ifi dcere Turco.
    Volui
    ! hoc statim significare
    signifieare sanctitati vestrae ad COfisoiationem
    consolationem 20
    eius et sacri collegii totiusque curiae SU1:.e.
    su.e . Spero iam dato hoc
    peineipio
    cipio omnia
    ornnia fcliciter
    felieiter successura, et hoc tcmpus
    tempus rescrvatum essc
    esse a Deo
    sanctitati vestrac
    vestrae ad amplitudinem
    arnplitudinern fidei nostrae, christiani
    christiafii popul
    populi salutem
    lutern et vestram tam
    tarn in
    hac quam
    quarn in
    futura
    futum vita gJo
    gJoriam
    riam sempitcmam.
    sempitemarn.
    Vo1uerunt scire
    Voluerunt
    seire a mc
    me isti nobiles, quod subsidium esset
    csset eis in
    prae-25
    sentia praestitura vestra beatitudo, quamquam particulariter omnia
    onnia ex
    curia senserant.
    senscrant. Dixi de decimis, vigesimis, trigesimis, pracdicationibus,
    pracdieationibus.
    induJgentiis,
    induJgenti s, absolutionibus
    absolutionibu~ et votis
    o~ locorum suorum
    ~uorum et decima curiae
    in
    favorem (lorum
    corum exigenda. Grata omnia hab
    habuerunt.
    uerunt. Et ita, si Deo
    placebit, intendo die d
    dominico
    ominico publice in
    ecclesia S. Marci
    Marei ce]ebrare
    celebrare 30
    et so1emnem
    solemnem processiofiem
    processionem facere praesente dominio, maxime ut fama
    huius felicis
    felcs principii
    prineipii per Italiam
    Ita.liam divulgetur.
    divu]getur. Die vero lunae ineipiam
    incipam
    dare modum rebus agend
    agendis.
    is. I sti cives, beatissime pater, nihil
    nihit ::
    prae mo2 3u
    aum
    m A
    P
    ) ,
    po, _.
    _ . I civium 1'1> "mnium
    om"ium PI
    ] A?
    ?
    tau.
    I A
    P etiam
    t.o P
    1
    ?
    ? I 22 e
    "t
    etam h

    7 humanit.a.ti.
    humant.a.ti. h

    humili_
    humi]i

    mge
    Ig .. dahcr
    daher etwas a"
    an .ie
    e verl&ute"
    verlauten 1U6eIl,
    lU6en, Wal
    w.. gllt
    gilt aufgell""''''CA
    aufgellolDlllO wcd~.
    wct'd~. Eill
    ll wichtigcr
    wichtiger
    Punkt sei ruxh
    Pu"kt
    nh dic
    die 8eilegung der HAndel
    Hndel dos
    des Sigia."ondoMalateot
    SigiaIPondoMalateota,
    . der
    de einige
    cinige P1I.t..,des
    P1.t ..,d ...
    Kirchenstaates
    Kirchenstaat
    ... bcutt
    beut%t hhAlt.
    Alt. Eine
    .. baldige Ents<:heidun
    Ents::hCdu,, ......
    ..... dem au
    erwartelldell Zehllten
    ZehllteD
    sei .ng"hrach
    angehracht.
    t. VorscbuB
    VorschuB ctwarte
    c.warte er VOll
    l'll"ndeinem
    if8endeinen kaufmAnni&chen
    kaufmnnischen H.us
    Haus ;11
    Vcnedig.
    Venedig.
    Vhcr li " ferung: Arch. Vat. Arm.
    Vherlieferung:
    n. XXXIX
    tom.
    n.lI ".
    0. fot
    , 2 (schwer
    (oclwer 1e$e1'lich;
    IC$e1"l:h;
    ). _
    Druekau.gabcn:
    111 . Roma 189:;.
    . 97-'00
    97-10
    Druckauagaben: G. Palmi"ri:
    Palmieri: 11 Muratori
    Murat<>ri 111.
    ' 89:;, P.
    -_ A).
    (_
    ( _ PI
    ) . L . v. P
    .
    uto
    . r,
    , G"""bic.hte
    Ge:bic.hte der PApstc.
    PApste. ' 11. Fr.,ihuf8
    Freiburg i.. B.
    . 190.
    190" S.719--?'
    S.739--7i'
    (mit
    (n orthographi..cbcn Ungenauigkeit
    Ungenauigkeiten
    .... und V
    Vernacl!I'
    ...... aeb!niguDg
    nigug d
    de-r
    .... I"terpunktio:o
    Interpunktion;; _ IT).
    ,).

    EPISTOLAE.

    521

    destia petunt publice,


    pUblice, quoad futurum tempus et
    futura
    tutura subsidia, praesertim eum
    cum magna sperent, magnasque ego oblationes fecerim,
    fecerm, tantum
    eommendant
    commendant hanc
    hane rem
    rern
    pietati et
    clementiae
    clementae vestrae. Privatim tamen
    tarnen
    omnes quam frequentissime mecum sunt, multa loquuntur de hac
    hae re
    :;5 supplicantes,
    supplieantes, ut sanctitas
    sanetitas vestra dignetur solita il1a
    illa sua animi
    anmi magni~
    tudine aggredi hanc
    hane rem
    rern eique omni studio ac
    ae vigilantia incumbere.
    ineumbere.
    Parvam se spem habere in
    a1iquo,
    aliquo, beatitudine vestra excepta;
    exeepta; quod
    si sanctitas
    sanetitas vestra. quod absit, eos rem tantam orsos derelinqueret, im
    pares se fore viribus Turcorum. Futuram eam
    earn esse extremam perniclem
    10 non
    modo
    rnodo ipsorum,
    ipsorom, sed totius populi christiani.
    Et certe Ha
    t esset, beatissime pater. Propterea dignetur, supplico,
    supplieo,
    beatitudo v
    vestra,
    estra, rem hanc
    hane sua solita sapientia,
    sapienta,
    pie tate et clementia
    dementia
    proseq~i et
    huic exce1lentissimo
    exeellentissimo dominio
    domino aliquid
    a liquid scribere, quod
    qu od eos hac
    cura levet, Spcffi
    spcm bonam adiiciat
    adiciat et
    totius huius JXpuli
    populi mentem
    meutern causa.
    conso.
    161etur et
    recreet. Conetur sanctitas vestra u
    uti suavibus
    suavibu s et
    dulcibus verbis, quemadmodum solet. Conferf'nt enim non
    solum huic
    huie rei, sed a1iis
    aliis
    multis,
    muIts, et
    magni honi
    bo causa erunt.
    eront. Spero
    5pero quoque btitudinem
    beatitudinem vestrarn
    posthac animos
    os istorum omnium habiturarn
    habituram erga se et sedem apostolicam
    lcam devotissimos et
    vestrae c]ementiae
    c1ementiae oboedientisssimos. Et ita
    sup26 plico
    20
    piko beattudini
    beatitudini vestrae, ut eos eum
    cum omni benignitate et
    clementia
    complectatur
    complect.atur et tractet.
    Addiderunt
    Addderunt deputati in
    fine efficacissimas iterum preces, ut sanc~
    titas vestra dignetur componere res Sigismundi
    5igismundi Malatestae.
    MaIatestae. Sperant
    enim
    pacem eius patriae multum
    muItum rei, de qua agitur, profuturam.
    profuturarn. Immo
    25 niliil
    nmi! sine ea
    bo
    boni fieri posse. Magis hanc
    hane rern
    rem cordi habere videntur,
    quam
    q uam si propria esset. Hortatus
    H ortatus sum eos denuo,
    deuo, ut ipsi sint causa pacis,
    pacis.
    ut auferant
    aufeant ab iIlo
    l10 omnem
    Offinem spem praesidi,
    pracsidii, ut noUnt
    nolnt a1iqua pauca.
    pauca op
    pidula
    p
    idu1a rem tantam impedire.
    irnpedire. Dixerunt se nuIlam
    nullarn super hoc commissi
    camrnissi
    onem habere. Dominiurn
    Dominium iam
    s
    suasisse
    uasisse Sigisntundo
    5gismundo per oratorem suum
    su um
    30 de oppidis illis
    ilIis dimittendis, sed non
    potuisse nce
    nec posse persuadere.
    Volui hoc quoque significare
    sgnificare sanctitati vestrae, ut dignetur oogitare,
    quod
    od bonum
    bonurn medium ad eam
    earn rem
    m reperid
    reper posset.
    passet.
    si qu
    R eplicavi ostremo
    Replicavi
    postremo iterum de galeis, quas miserant Fanum. Responderunt laeto et hilari
    hila vultu, ut bono animo
    anmo essem et nihil ma1i
    mall
    35 timerem.
    Si
    5 videtur, dignetu.r sanctitas vestra mandare, ut significetur mihi,
    quantum poterIt
    poterit ascendere summa decimae,
    d ceimae, quae ex curia coUigetur,
    colligetur,
    ut his aliquid eerti
    certi offerre possim.
    passim. Et
    si videtur sanctitati
    sancttat vest.ra.e,
    vestrae,
    quemadmodum bis scripsi, mittat
    m ittat mihi facultatem accipiendi pecunias
    40 hic ab aliquo me.rcatore,
    rnercatore, si
    s1 necesse erit, et obligandi
    oblgandi ei
    decimam curiae.
    11 Spe""
    SI,<,"" qlloqlltl
    ql1oql1o]) Spe:roqlltl
    s~oql1e P
    spero
    e<: Pr )] A
    ?
    ? I 22 effi.,.cis$im
    effi.,.cs$m .... P
    efficaci8Ai",Lo
    eflcac8Ain.o
    verba
    verlUs Pr 1
    24 profl1tl1ram
    proflltllram
    P profectl1ratn
    profectllratn Pr I U Immo
    Inmo}} l
    mo .
    A. ]>
    P Po- 1
    :l8
    :18 olf.,.....,
    off.,.....,
    P

    ....... '"

    5,.

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSARIONlS

    Haec res magis obligabit animos istonun


    istorum et
    gratiot
    gratior atque acceptior
    aceeptior
    multo erit
    quam alme
    alae omnes. Alia
    A.li.a enim,
    , licet sine
    s gratia vt'strae sanc
    sam:thatis haberi non
    titati.!;
    ::ssnt,
    p::.ssint, quoniam tamen
    tarnen ex dominiis
    dominUs eorum sunt,
    propria quodam modo esse videntur. Hoc solum videbitur esse munus

    et
    gratia sanctitatis
    sanctitatS Ve!itrae
    vestrae solius,
    501iu5, quae diu felicissime
    felcissime valeat, et
    cuius :;
    c1ementiae me
    clementiae
    humiliter commendo.
    Datum Venetiis
    Venetis die 29. lulii
    Iuli 1463.
    Eiusdem vestrae sanctitatis
    humilis et inutilis servitor
    B.
    . Episcopus Thuscu1anus.
    Thusculanus.

    10

    54. Beu.rioR
    Besarton CardlnalIs
    Cardlnalls
    latobo
    Iacobo Ammanatl
    Amman.tI
    Cardinali
    Cardna1i Papiensi
    Papiensi.. .

    Reverendissime
    ReverendSSime in
    Christo
    ChtSto pater et domine, domine
    domme roi
    singu1arissisingulanssime.
    roe. Post humitem
    humite:n commendationem.
    13
    U
    Res, pOpter
    propter quam ad hunc
    hune senatum rnissus sum, reverendissime
    pater, iam quatenus ad pmam
    primam artem
    partem spectat , eracta
    peracta est; nam eurn
    cum
    superbus diebus declarassent se domini Veneti apertos hostes Turci,
    superioribus
    beri qui fuit dies XXVIII
    mensis, pubIice
    publice in
    n eum indictum est bel1um;
    bellum;
    praed.icata enim fuit
    cruciata in
    platea.
    platea S . Marci
    Man;i eum
    cum summa omnium
    mm 20
    exspectatione et gaudio, dominio
    domnio et me praesente euro
    ; incred.ibili po
    li
    puli multitudine. Decimae, trigesimae et vigesima<l
    vgesima~ decretae sunt et
    iam
    iarn instituti exactores. Indulgentiae et absolutiones et dispensationes
    pubIicatae et omnes modi ad pecunias colligendas edicti.
    publicatae
    Reliquum est,
    ut ad secundam partem
    partern veniatur,
    venatur, quibus scilicet2D
    scicet2
    modis, quibus auxiliis,
    auxilis, quibus intelligentHs,
    intelligentiis, quo tempore, qua via
    a anno
    :I: haben

    P habere
    babe.re
    Pr I 4 q"odam modo Pr
    h
    ,1uemadmodum
    '1uemadmodum
    P ( 9 ~itor
    P
    MTVU$
    .,,,...critnio:
    Christo pa:ri et dom;oo
    domino . .. tituti
    tituli Sancti
    Saneti Chry.
    rO$ Pr
    h t 11 A
    '''W
    <I'(>l;o: ... Chri_to
    sogo(lIi)
    aogo(oi) Ro.
    Rn. eccl&(aiae)
    ec<:1&(aiae) pr ... hy(tero
    by(tero Card)illali Papi"",.;
    Papiells; dco
    deo ( m.,., _)lngu_)lngul. - t 14- 15 et
    dOllline
    comme:lld_tinn~ A
    P 1 Pr
    dO.ine ... conn""d_tioo~

    h "M.
    " "'.
    Ep.
    . 54. B".ssrioo.
    Be ... r;on. Aulgabe;O
    Aulgabe;n Yeoed;g
    Veoed;g ;st;u ibn,.,
    ibem "",teo
    en.teo Teil erledigt;
    "lodigt; denn
    am
    an ,8.
    ~8. Auguot
    August _ das D.tum
    Datum ist iTflendwo
    iTfjendwo f"Joch
    r"Joch , entweder hier oder ill
    der uoten
    unten ."_
    a,,gegebenen Dali
    gegebeneo
    D.Ii .... uog
    u"lI - wurd.,
    wurde der Krieg
    Kreg geg_
    gegen die Tllrken 6ffentli<:h
    ffentlich erkla.rt.
    erkIa.rt. De.De ~weite
    Teil .teht
    _ ooch
    noch bev01",
    bevor, namlieh
    a.ml:h die
    d" FesUegu"g
    FesUegung der St,-e;tkraft.
    St,-e;tkr.aft. Zeit und
    u nd Weg d ... Unte ....
    Jahr. B .... rion bittet d.h
    .... um Instruktionen
    weit.....,
    "nehme"..
    .. bme .... ;m kommenden ]ahr.
    daler
    Instrul.tionen llber weit
    ......
    Si;hritte
    S;hr oder oeine Rllek.luohr.
    Rllcl.luob.r. Er berichtet Doch
    noch 1I.be.r
    II.ber die Tri1!uUei$tungen
    TriIutleistungen der Bewohner voo
    Rhodos
    Rlodos an
    _ .. die
    .. Tllrken und llbe<
    llbe. die Uoterstll.tzung
    Ullterstll.tzung S k.oderbeg&
    laod.,rbegs durcb
    durcl
    Velledig. Schlielicb
    Yeoedig.
    $ch.le1!Hcl bittet er um laufende
    I.. ufende Nacbr:hteD
    Nacbrichten uod empfiehlt
    empfieh1t d en
    eo Oberbringer
    tJberbringer
    da
    des Briete.,
    Briefe, der im
    Die
    Diell.te
    ... te d ... Despoten von
    S. Maura
    Mau ... $Ieht.
    Oberliderung:
    Ulerlier"rung: Arcb.
    Arcl. Yat.
    Vat. Ann..
    Ann. XXXIX
    10m. 10. fol.7
    .7 ( _ A).
    ). DruCk
    Drucl
    .usg.ben
    auagaben : L. v. Puto
    p ... tor,
    .., Gachicbte
    Gchicbte der Pipste'lI
    PApste"n (FreibuTfj;.
    (Fe:iluTfli. B.
    . 1904)
    '904) 74'
    741 f . ( _ Pr).
    - G. PaImieri:
    P.lmi.,ri: n
    n MII
    Mura\.Ori
    ... \.Od 1I1
    III (ROlIIa
    (Ro a .895) .
    p. ', 0 ,' -00)
    -1 0) ( __ ).
    P ).

    EPISTOLAE.

    '"

    futura
    futuro in
    hostes grassandum
    grassandurn sit. Suspicor et fere ro
    pro certo habeo
    hune senatum ad aliquam
    hunc
    a1iquam particularem aIJocutionem
    aIlocutionem non
    venturum,
    nisi pmo
    primo et,
    ct, quid in
    eonventu
    conventu oratorum isde
    istic decretum fuerit, intellexerint et Peloponnesiacarum ret"Um
    erm exitum inspexerint et belli Pi5centis viderint
    iderint finem.
    mi
    finern. Quod.
    Quod bellum, nescio quam ob causam,
    causarn, non
    DOriS
    noris faeere
    facere videntur quam belIum
    bellum hoc adeo nooessarium
    neoessarium in
    Turcos.
    Existimant de suo dumt!lxat
    dumt:xat periculo HIic
    mie agi, maximumque
    maxirnurnque inde rebus
    suis discrimen
    nunc
    diserimen imminere,
    irnminere, etsi non
    nune vivente sanctissimo
    sanetissimo domino
    nostro, tamen
    tarnen in
    futurum . Ne<:: aliter potest eis aliquibus
    alquibus rationibus
    10 persuaderi.
    Quae eum
    cum ita
    . sint, rogo et obsecro reverendissimarn
    reverendissimam dominationem
    dominationern
    vestram, !
    ut sanctissimo domino nostro supplicetis, quod dignetur de
    his eogitare
    cogitare et mihi,
    mim, quid agere debeam,
    debearn, mandare, an
    a mihi redeundum
    sit, an adhuc
    adhue manendum, et
    si manendum, quid mihi u1tra
    ultra agendum
    agendurn
    16sit, me
    m particulater
    particulariter instruert:.
    Relatum est mihi nuper a procuratoribus urbis Rhodienses
    Re!atum
    Rbodienses iniisse
    insse
    paeern eum
    pacem
    cum Turco.
    Tureo.
    Non potui fidem adhibere ; verum
    m littera.s
    litteras ex
    Chio
    Cbio
    nudius tertius accepi a quodam amico,
    amtco, qui prudens est et
    rerum expertus, quibus inter cetera non
    sine animi amaritudine scribit id verum
    20 esse et, quanta inde Christianis omnibus ignominia, quantum partibus
    illis detrimentum sequatur, exponit. Solvunt
    Solunt Turco tributum, nomine
    tamen
    tributi, tria
    . milia dueatorum
    ducatOIm et nunc
    oonaInt ei
    in
    tarnen doni, non
    nune donarunt
    muneribus quinque milia. En
    finis, qUent
    quem peperf!runt
    pepererunt tot subsidia
    sanetissimi domini nostri. En
    sanctissimi
    gratitudo Rhod.iensium
    Rhodiensiurn erga summum
    26 pontificem.
    pontifieern.
    Hie senatus composuit eum
    Hic
    cum Scardabeo hoc modo. Mittunt ei nunc
    nune
    quattuor milia
    il. ducatorum
    dueatorum dono
    pro futuro hieme.
    hierne. Primo
    vere
    mittent
    hine equites quingentos et pedites totidem.
    hinc
    totdem. Illinc
    Illine vero praestabunt ei

    subsidia hOrRinum
    hom.inum suorum circiter
    cireiter decem
    deeem milia, qui .
    una eum
    cum suis Turco
    co
    30 bellum inferant. loannes
    Ioannes Cossa
    Cassa venit huc
    hue XXVII praesentS.
    praesentis. Nescio,
    quid aget. Multa et varia de multis
    mu!tS rebus mihi referuntur, nonnulla
    etiam periculosa, quae, quon.iam incerta
    ineerta sunt, non
    scribo.
    seribo. Si quis tamen
    tarnen
    a1ius foret,
    alius
    {oet, qui ea
    . scriberet sanctissimo domino nostro ve!
    vel reverendissimae dominationi vestrae, non
    obesset. Mu1tis
    Multis enim et variis eognitis
    cognitis
    3t1
    311 {aeilius
    facilius esset bene eogitare.
    cogitare.
    Supplico reverendissimae dominationi vestrae, !
    ut dignetursaepe
    dignetursaee
    ad me scribere
    seribere et reddere de omnibus eertiorem,
    certiorem, praesertimque
    praesertirnque de hoc,
    quod in praesentia petii,
    pet, mihique
    rnihique primum respondere et mandarf!
    mandare meis
    istie,
    istc, ut litteras e
    per
    proprium nuntium ad me mittant.
    mittat. Is, qui vestrae
    40 reverendissimae dominationi litteras
    littera.s reddidit, venit
    enit ad sanetissimum
    sanctissmum
    2 ..noc:
    oIloc: .. tioe
    oue ... A

    P eolloe
    cono: .. t1onem Pr I 16 procuratobllaj
    procuratoribllaj proceribu&
    P .prio.09on ; _ Pr I
    ribua
    bua Pr I 30 I ............ A

    P lIoanni_
    36-5~, 6
    S"pptieo
    Stico ... faclo
    fac\o A
    ]
    P 1 Pr
    , ......

    '"
    dominum

    BESSARIONtS

    nostrum pro quodam negotio domini !)Ui


    sui despotae de
    Saneta Maura super quodam episc;opatu.
    Sancta
    epis;opatu. Erat etiam pe<:unariumsub
    pecuniariumsubsidium positurus. a qua
    quo eum
    eurn dehort3tus
    dehortatus sum, dans
    !; ei
    bonam spem de
    proison
    commutlitcr facienda.
    acienda. In
    negotio episcopatus commendo
    provisione communiter
    eum
    reverendissimae
    reverendSSimae dominationi vestrae, cui etiam me
    roe ipsum humi~ :;
    liter commendatum facio.
    faeio.
    Datum Venetiis
    i!> z8.
    8. Augusti 1463.
    Eiusdem vestrae reverendissimae dominationis
    humilis servitor
    B.
    . Eph;;copus
    Episcopus ThuscuIanus.

    "

    55. BC$5Ir1on
    BcsarIon CardInaIJs
    Cardlnalll
    'atobo
    Iacobo AmmanaU
    Ano
    Cardinali Papiensi.
    Cardina1i

    Reverendissime in
    Christo pater et domine mi singularissime. Hac
    ipsa hora accepi
    accep litteras dominationis
    dominations vestrae reverendissimae scriptas 15
    15
    18. Septembris responsiva$
    responsivas ad meas primo
    prima eius
    eins die scriptas. Regratior
    reverendissimam domiriationem vestram, quod ad amnia
    omnia mihi
    h accusatsfecerit. Deus
    Deu$ retribuat vobis.
    vobs. De uno mirum in
    momulatissime
    mu1atissime satisfecerit.
    dum doieo
    doleo et dolui,
    dlu, quod dominatio
    dominato vestra dicat se
    $e et $urditate
    surditate aliqua
    et dolore $tomachi
    stomachi ac continua eX$putatione
    exsputatione sanguinis vexari.
    vea. Re$,2O
    Res, 20
    reverendissime domine, periculosae $unt,
    sunt, quarom
    qua,lm cura omnibus praeponenda est. Ideo propter non
    immerito dominatio vestra omnibus postpositis curare debet valetudinem suam. Et Deus vos iuvet
    luvet et custodiat
    custodat
    semper.
    Gratum mihi
    mh fuit, quod reverendissima dominatio vestra scnbit
    scribit 25
    de meo
    Ieo reditu. Dignehlr
    Dignelr dominatio vestra, cum
    curo commode.poterit,
    commode .poterit, ro
    procurare eum
    eum.. Si
    5 enim haberem, quae agerem
    agerero
    pro gloria sanctissimi do tam
    mini nostri et utlitate
    utilitate christianitatis, starcm hic continue in
    tarn praec1arissima urbe. ubi et dignitate et omnium veneratione sto. Sed si
    clarissima
    habuero, reditus meus minus inutilis
    inuti1s ent.
    erit. .:
    Nunc au(em
    aufem iam hoc3(}
    non
    8-10 Eiuodem ...
    .. . nu""ula.nU&
    nu""ula.nua A
    P]
    ] PT
    0 ....
    .... I
    11 A
    S
    S"t>Scri>,
    .. ~ ...cript;I>: Reve
    Reverendsimo
    ..... distimo
    in
    " Christo patri
    paui et domino.
    dl>mino. ddonino
    omino lacobo tit.
    t. S. Grisog<>ni
    Gsog<>ni S. R. E.
    . bt.m>
    prabitMo cucardinali Pap;en'"
    Pap;enai digniasimo.
    digasimo. domino meQ .... g'l!;o.rmimo.
    g>l;o.rmino .

    m.,., ....

    Ep.
    . j j . Beuarioo
    , dankt fa
    fijr e.,in
    .. Antw<>rts<:hrciben
    A"tw<>U<:hrciben A
    mmanati. vom 18. Septcmbe>'.
    tcrnbe. W.,gen
    Wegen dc.
    der Naclti:ht
    Nachticht VOD
    VO .ao.,.
    .einer nicbt
    ncbt u"bedenJJichen
    unbedenklichen Erk<aDkung
    Erk<aDkuDg ;'
    u.t ...
    .. r be~gt. Beo"
    Bo" anon denkt .... seiDe Rllckkehr ; den"
    denn die AbmachungeIl
    Abmachugell mit
    ", Venedig
    V""edg in
    i Sach
    Sachen
    ....
    des
    d ... T1lrkenktieg_
    T1lrkekieg_ haben ihn:n
    ihren AbschluB
    Abschlu gefullden. nicbt
    ncbt we,.;ge<
    welliger dle
    de Angelegenheiten
    Angelegenheite
    der Mark
    :; Ancona. die .,.
    er nebe"
    neben seinem s.."de,.,.uftraB
    s..nde,.,.uftraB Qbe>'nommen
    Obenommen hatte.
    Oberllefe
    berlieferung;
    r ung: ArclI.
    Arcl. Vat. Arm. XXX
    IX
    tom.
    . ,0
    , fol. 10 (9) ( _ Al
    )_ - Druckausgaba
    ausgaba:: G. Pslmie
    PsImieri:
    ri: n Murato";
    Muratori In
    I (Roma '895) 104'
    104 ' (( - 1').
    ).

    EP!STOLAE.
    EPlSTOLE.

    '"

    illustrissimum dominium commisit amplo mandato suo oratori, ut om,," circa intelligentiam eum
    cum sua sanctitate
    illustrissim:l
    illustrissin:) domino
    nia
    sanetitate et
    duce Burgundiae adimpleat. Itaque amodo
    duee
    <od istis omnia
    ,," tractari debent.
    Et per me hic non
    sunt aliqua agenda.
    :;
    De rebus Marchiac
    Machiac promitto dominationi vestrae reverendis!:;imae,
    reverendissimae,
    quod non eepi
    cepi minorem curam quam dc
    de re mihi
    mhi specia1iter
    specialiter eommissa,
    commissa,
    ostendit, et
    Deo laus, quod bonum {inem
    finem
    immo maiorem, prout res ipsa astendit,
    habuit. Sed, reverendissime ater,
    pater, nequid nimis,
    nims, cessent omnia
    omna amodo
    pro Deo et
    attendatur
    atteJ1datur rei christianae.
    chrstianae . De eeteris
    ceteris eonferam
    cOJ1feram latius
    mtlus cum
    10 reverendissima doroinatione
    dominatone vestra, cum
    euro rediero. Cui me
    roe cornmendo
    commendo
    humiliter.
    Venetis, 7.O<:tobrJs
    463.
    Venetiis,
    7. <:tobds 1463

    Reverendissimae dominationi vestrae


    humilis servitor
    servltor
    B.
    . Cardinalis
    Cardirafu NicaeJ1us
    Nicaenus
    mann propria
    manu
    56. BtSPr!on
    Besprlon CArdlnIIls
    CArdlnllis
    Plo
    l Setundo
    Sctundo
    Pontifici Maximo.

    20

    Sanctissime
    SaJ1ct.$ime ac beatissime pater. Post humiJem
    humilem commendationemL69et pedum oscu1a
    oscula beatorum.
    Quinto Kalendas Novembres per litteras
    Jitteras reverendissimi domini L 70
    cardinaJs PortueJIsis
    <c meorum factus sum certior de sancta
    declacardinalis
    Portuensis ac
    saneta dedaratione tui
    Hlius
    Ulius antiqui
    antqui pHssimique propositi, quam nuper
    sanctitas
    25 tna
    tua. in
    publico auditorio
    anditorio fecerat, vovens se ineunte aestate
    a.estate pro christiana
    chrStiana
    re
    publca
    publica in
    Turcos pro!ccturam.
    profecturam. Hoc
    H oc ipsum ilIustris
    HIustris hic senatus
    seJ1atus oratoris sui litteris
    ltteris habuit.
    habnit. Haud facile dixerim, uter nostrum magis
    magS eo
    CO
    nuntio fuerit pennotus. Hoc certe sine
    s rnendacio in
    conspectu Dei
    possum affirmare nihil mc
    jJ1 omn!
    vita mea scnsisse
    me umquam in
    sensisse iucun30 dius. Movit me
    primo magnitudo rei omnibus anteactis
    anteacts sacculis in7 imll.
    imo A

    2211 08CUI
    oooeul .. !j obscul&
    II.b.,1& L

    18
    la L
    L S"tr_.
    S"t_.ipIi",
    ipli", Epi.tol&
    .to.. S_.IOII.I,
    _.Q. c....-dill.a.Ut
    C...-..a.Ut Sablni ad Pium Pontifieem
    PQotif~m
    Mu:imu",.
    Maximum.
    Ep
    . ~6. Borieht
    Bocht Beu
    .......
    .. rions
    ll. ...
    .. U8
    us Venedig
    V .. nedig vll.m
    vom 9. Nov
    NovemM.
    .. mMT 1463 11M.
    di
    die
    .. f .... lI._
    n_
    dige
    dg .. Aufnahme der P'-p,stlicheu
    p.st1ichen Bes<:blO'
    Bes<:hlO'.... bezliog!ich
    bezlloglich d.,.
    des Kreuu"g'
    Kru22ug. geg
    gege.o
    .... di .. Tor1<en.
    TDrken.
    Uber
    be seine persnlichen
    persOnlichen Eindrclte
    Eind..ck.. von
    dem Schre:iben
    Schre:iMn des
    d .. Papoteo,
    Pap;teo, .eine
    .eie Beoproochllngen
    BeoprochIngen
    ",il
    ", dem
    de", Dog=
    Dos"" (Ch.ist<>foro
    (Christoforo Moro)
    oro) und .... ine
    n .. kiJXhlichen
    kiJXliliche V
    Ven.lIStaltungen.
    .. n.staItungen. &m",k.",.o"m",k.",.,..
    wert
    .. rt fo.r
    .. B
    S .... r;cns
    r;cllS Priva.Ueben
    Prva.U..ben m
    die Anga.be
    Angabe ober
    obe ..,inen
    "',neu ..,b
    ..,h .... ichlicb""
    lchlichen Gesundheits_
    Gesundheit_
    zuat.."d.
    zust.."d.
    Vberlefert
    ungedruckt .. "nd
    und nirgendo
    nirg .. lld. be.chtete
    Beclt;
    herliefert ist d .... bi.her
    biaher noch ungedruckle
    beachtete Bericht;
    Flo ren
    F!Q
    .en ~, Bibl..
    Bibl. Lau
    La.ur.
    . Pillt.
    . 83. Cod
    C<>d..18.
    8. 101.69
    Il.. 69 v-74
    -74 v
    ((_ LI.

    52'

    SESSARIONIS
    8ESSARIONIS

    auditae, movit me
    ista tua eximia pietas atque divina, cuius exemplum
    in
    nemine adhuc vidimus. Praeterquam in eo
    ,
    uno, quem imitaris ct

    cuius
    CUtUS locum tenes, movit spes, quam subito de victoria Christianorum
    L
    70 Y animo concepi. Visus sum enim repente videre solo nunUo
    tuae profectionis accepto confusam ac dissipatam hostilem rabiem, Turcorum im- 5
    pium regem
    regern captum ct
    ductum ante tu05
    tuos sacratissimos pedes, patriam
    omni genere laudum
    landum olim
    olm florentem et
    virtutis atque optimarum artium habitaculurn excusso turpissimae servitutis iugo in
    pristinam liberIibertatern erectam, fideles victores, irnpios victos.
    tatem
    vietos.
    Quid plura.?
    plura? Prae gaudio lacrimarum
    lacrimaIffi sacrificium Deo obtuli,
    obtu1i, egi 10
    gratias. quod te salvatorem
    populi sui
    sni suscita.sset, quod roe
    nimis diutumae vitae
    atque paenitetem
    paenitentem ad tua haec praesentia tempora
    temora reservasset. Quid de senatu 10qua,r?
    loquar? Quid de Opul0
    populo Veneto? Qmnes homines cuiuscumque aetatis,
    a,etatis, sexus, conditionis,
    conditionis. tantae
    tanta,e rei magnitudine
    atque excellentia cognita
    cognta, stuporem potius quam admirationem osten- 15
    L 71 demnt,
    dennt. hic animum
    a,nlmum tuum, il!e
    iIle ingenium, alius pietatem.
    pietatem, re1igionem
    religionem
    alius, m
    plurimi vera.m
    veram sapientiam
    sa.pientiam ac vitae sanctitatem extolJentes
    extollentes et
    el
    alius.
    summis ac divinis
    S Iaudibus Pii
    P nomen
    nonen in
    caclum usque ferentes.
    fercntes. Decretae subito fuerunt a nobis atque incHto senatu dignae
    dignac Deo suppliBpplca,tlones,
    signa, laetitiae.
    20
    cationes, decreta signa
    Communis sententia erat, ut perendie eius diei, hoc est die Domini
    IU.
    . Kalendas Novembres ea solemnitas fieret.
    feret. Sed ego tunc
    tune propter
    tertianam, qua diu !ueram
    fueram detentus et adhuc
    adhue detinebar, interesse non

    poteram. Agi vero sine


    sne me munus
    m adeo gratum atque iucundum
    iueundum graviter atque moleste ferebam. Statui
    5tatui igitur,
    gtur,
    ut ad alterum diem Do-2~
    minieum
    mnicum VIII. Idus 'embres
    N'ovembres hic actus
    aetus deferretur, tum
    turn
    ut confinnatis,
    tS, si
    Deo placeret, et
    el suppJicationibus
    supplieationibus interesse va]erem,
    valerem, turn

    ut inL 71 y terea,
    praeferrentur, quas legi eo

    terea litterae deciarationis


    declarationis ad nos
    co die in
    eonspectu
    conspec.tu popuH
    populi eupiebam.
    cupiebam. Sed neutrum assequi pro voto
    .
    potui. Nam
    et litterae
    littera.e usque ad eum diem perlatae
    sunt , et ego diutius, quam30
    pcrlatae non
    quarnso
    putaveram, febricula
    putaveram.
    febcula afflictatus sa.crifieare
    sa.cficare non
    .
    polui. Fecit
    Feeit id tamen
    tarnen
    reverendus pontifex Veronensis
    reverendu$
    Veroncnsis me
    rne atque omni senatu praesente cum
    eurn
    magno circumstantium
    cireumstantium praelatorum atque totius
    $
    populi eoneursu.
    concursu. PO$t
    Post
    saerificiurn
    sacrficium publicatum est sanetissimum
    sa.nctissimum foedus inter tuam sanctitatem
    sanetitatem
    et
    ct duos inclitos
    inelitos duees
    duces nuper ictum,
    ietum, lncredibiIe
    ineredibile dictu est.
    est, eum
    cum quanta 3:>
    omnium aJaciitate.
    alaeritate. Deinde rogationes solemroter
    solernniter actae.
    aetae. Vesperi vero
    et soni
    $ et
    ct clamores
    c1amores et luminaria et
    ct aJia
    aHa signa
    sgna laetitiae
    laetitiac eelebrata.
    ce!ebrata.
    Sequenti
    Sequent die vix orta
    orta, 1u-,
    lUGe, en nuntius adest eum
    cum litteris dC(;ladec1arationis cl
    et aliis, quibus ad me tua sanctitas
    sanetitas scribebat,
    seribebat,
    ut illustrem
    ilIustrem
    L 72 pncipem
    principcm Venetorum
    Venetotm ducem
    duecm hortarer ad munus
    hoc profectionis eurn.j.()
    cum.j.()
    tua sanctitate
    sanetitatc subeundum. Erant eurn
    cum his et litterae.
    litterae, quas ipse ad
    duccm scribebas.
    ducem
    scbebas. Coepi illas
    Jlas legere. Tanta autem aviditate et
    ct singulari
    quadam laetitia
    laetta omnes
    omncs legi, praesertimque longiores
    longiorcs iUas
    iUa..s decIarationis,
    declarationis,

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPlSTOLAE.

    527

    ut nihil tale
    taIe umquam fuerim expertus. Nihil enim legi,
    Iegi, quod non
    fuerit
    fueTit
    consolations. Legi tamen
    tarnen cum
    plenum laetitiae, plenum spei, pJenum
    plenum consolationis.
    continuis
    contnus lacrimis,
    lacrims, nescio quomodo prae nimia dulcedine
    du1cedine ubertim ex
    oculis profluentibus, ut tot fere fuerint Singu1tU5.
    ocuIis
    singultus. quot verba.
    Cuius affectionis partim res ipsa
    ipsa. causa fuit. partm
    partim splendor ac
    "t>
    numen orationis. Illinc enim considerabam te neque studio nec amore
    nec animo instanti Christianorum
    Chrstianorum necessitati umquam defuisse et. ubi
    cetera divina consilia
    cons1ia defecissent, devovisse te
    pOl populo
    papulo tuo, posuSse
    posuisse L 72"
    animam
    anma.m in discrimine
    pro filiis
    tils tuis, ducatum
    ducaturn praebuisse ceteris, qui te
    10sequi
    losequi vellent, ostendisse fortem,
    fortern, constantem, if1victum
    invictum animum, eximiam tuam pJetatem
    pietatem palam omnibus fecisse.
    fecisse, etiam
    etam iam solo
    5010 f10mine
    nomine
    aflictos ac calamitosos Christianorum popu1os
    populos a caligine et tenebrU;
    tenebris ad
    afflictos
    lucem, a morte ad vitam.
    vitam, a desperatJone
    desperatione ad spem, ab exitio
    eXtio ad salutem
    revocasse. Hinc
    Hnc "ero
    vero illud divinum
    diinum et suave dicendi genus ac
    ae maiestate
    16 quadam et religione et pietate referta oratio mirifice mihi lacrimas exeutiebat.
    cutiebat. Dicam.
    Dicam, quod sentio; nam suspidonem
    suspicionem adulationis
    adulatons superat rei
    magnitudo. Nec praestantius
    praestantJus aliquod
    alquod factum anteacta
    anteaeta aetas vidit
    vidt nec
    scribenda faciendo
    fadendo et in

    pulehrius
    pulchrius dictum, ut vere dici possis et in
    faeta scribend.o
    facta
    scribendo omnes superasse.
    20

    Non potuJ
    potui me pa:vula
    parvula mora continere, quin omnia senatui ape- L 73
    rirem. Profectus sum
    surn ad eos repente. Dedi litteras
    Itteras dud.
    duci. Quibus lectis
    Iectis
    ostendi meas.
    rneas. Addidi paucuIa
    paueula ad eum hortandum.
    hortardum. Admonui etiam senatum, quibus scivi
    i rat.
    i onibus. Mox
    antequam quicquam
    rationibus.
    quiequam responderent ,
    per Sypcntinum
    SypGntinum litteras declarationis legi. Augurabar enim
    enm id,
    iussi
    25 quod mihi evenerat, illis
    lls eventu,1.lm. Ita
    Ha fuit. Dum litterae
    Itterae legerentur,
    Iegerentur,
    contnere a lacrimis
    fine
    {! summam omnes devotionem
    nerno
    nemo se continere
    laerimis potuit. In
    ostenderunt. Te omnes patrem,
    ostendenmt.
    patrern, te dominum
    dominurn vitae, fortunae, memoriae
    nomnis christia.ni
    alium
    aHum
    nommis
    christiani esse dixerunt. Responsum vero ad petita in
    ultu, fronte, oculis optimam
    optmam
    diem pro more distulerunt. Ita tamen, ut vultu,
    30mihi spem JXlllicerentur.
    pollieerentur. Ita ab eis discessimus.
    diseessimus.
    colIegae habito inter se eurn
    cum duce
    duee consilio, quantum L 73
    73 Y
    Eodem die eollegae
    in se esset, obsequendum tuae
    tuse sanctitati
    sanetitati desiderio putaverunt. Mox

    ipsius ducis sententiam rogavere. Hk,


    Hic,
    ut est et lide
    fde et sapientia praeditus, sanetissirne
    sanctssime respondit se alias,
    alas, dum privatus foret.
    foret, requiri de
    35 ea re
    ! merito
    meito potuisse, quando et ac(;epta.re
    renuee oblatam provinacceptare et renuere
    eiam
    ciam servato
    serato ollicio
    ollCio JXlterat.
    poterat. Nunc
    Nune vero se ex voluntate senatus in
    eo
    esse amplius suae potestats.
    potestatis. Ad eos pertinere, quicquid
    solio positum non
    videretur de se decernere. Paratum <se esse), qukquid
    quicquid ilIi
    ill statuerint,
    aequo animo subire.
    Non esse de aetate sua ve1
    infirmitate eorpons
    corporis
    40 rationem habendam. Se enim promptssimo
    promptissimo animo, quicquid in
    se esset
    et corpore et animo, pro dignitate et gloria
    gla reipublieae
    reipubJcae positurum.
    Habito hoc a duce responso res in
    consilio rogatorum sequenti
    contradcente nemine conclu5a
    conclusa est. Verum oportuit ex L 74
    die agitata et contradicente

    528

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSRION1S

    lege civitatis, ut tanta res et ad magnum consilium deferretur. Quod


    hodie factum est, et
    ex
    mille quinquaginta
    miUe
    quinquagnta senatoribus, qui interfuerunt
    iuerunt,, nemo inventus est, qui contradixerit. Itaque concedente piissipssimo Iesu consecuta est tua sanctitas, quod optabat. Habebit iam duos
    illustrissimos prncipes.
    ilIustrissimos
    principes. qui elevata ad Dominum in
    orando bracha
    brachia 6
    sustentent.
    Volui
    l haec subito per proprium tabellarium beatitudini tuae nota
    facere, quod eam sciebam non
    mediocrem ex hoc 'consolationem percepturam. Die Dominico confirmatis parumper viribus si Deo placebit,
    ipse sacrificabo et
    el post missam divinas illas
    Blas litteras
    Iittera.s coram populo legi 10
    fadam
    faciam et ducis profectionem eum
    cum tua sanctitate publicabo. Fadet
    Faciet
    L 74~ Deus Optimus ac Piissimus.
    PiSsimus.
    ut feliciter in
    hostes suos profectus eum

    lande el
    laude
    victoria
    vieloria redeas. Sie
    SiC enim ex
    Italia exibis, ut omnes sa1utis
    salutis
    <et) incolumitatis reditum tuum uno ore precentur.
    Valeat tua beatitudo feliciter.
    Va1eat
    feJciter.

    Datum Venetiis
    Venetis die 9. Novembris (I463)
    <463)

    "

    Tuae sanctitatis
    sanetitatis inutitis
    inutlis servus
    Bessarion Episcopus Tusculanus.
    Tuseulanus.
    57. BcsUdon
    C.,C.l
    Bcsudon CanlinaUs

    ,a(o'o Amm.n.O
    AmmanatJ
    1.(0'0

    Cardinali Papiensi.
    A
    17

    Reverendissime pater et domine. Post humilem eomendationem.


    comendationem.
    Si ob id dumtaxat scribendi
    seribendi ofHcio uteremur, quod aliquod exinde
    commodum aut emolumentum exspectaremus, non
    sine mtione
    ratione fi eret,
    ut sublatis
    subJatis causis utiIitatis
    utilitatis et commodi consuetudo etiam mutuo scriseri- 2lI
    211
    bendi intermitteretur. Si vero nos hactenus ad scribendum
    seribendum et amandum
    aIter
    aIterum non
    ratio
    rato solum priatorum
    mulet, sed
    alter alterum
    privatorum negotiotum impulerit,
    !>
    potius aliqua
    alqua virtus et vera et solida amicitia, certe nmil
    nhil est, quod
    pristina scribendi
    seribendi consuetudine retrahere debeat. Ac si me roget
    nos a stna
    vestra reverendissima dominatio : Cur tu non
    seribis?
    scrbis? scripsissem,
    scripsSSem. nisi30
    vestra reverentia mihi, ne id agerem, iussisset. Hanc
    Hane habui causam,
    19 A
    S"f'1'""",plio:
    s"""..-i: Reverendisaimo in
    Christo patri el
    et domlno.
    domino. d . lacobo Am ..... ti.
    S. ChrylOgoni preab .. c.ard. Paplensi,
    P.pienS. domino
    don!no .neo
    neO si"t'u\arissimo.
    S~uIarisSmo. I 29 Ac A
    Quod ,JiJ.
    ,.Ji.
    Ep.
    . '7. Be"ar
    BeS ... r i on ",UnKht
    ",QnKhl den frOberen
    frOboren brieilic:ben Austauleh
    Austa.uch mit Amm
    nn.,II.I
    ...... Ii..
    in dem vielleicht
    viellecht dun:b
    du""b irgendw
    irgelldwetche
    .. Che Verstimmung
    Ventinmung ei
    e .... StocI<U"l!
    StocI<U<18 "'ngetreten
    _ngetrete .....
    ......,
    wied
    wed .... ~
    ~u beIeben.
    beleben.
    VberIi
    rcl. Vu.
    .. Arm.
    . XXXIX
    10m.
    10. foI.
    (16) (_
    - A).
    ) . _ Drucl<_
    Vberli e ferung : Am.
    tom. '0.
    fol. 17
    '7 (.6)
    ausgabe .. : Epistu!.e
    ausgaben:
    Epistulae et Comment.rii
    Commentarii Il acob i PiccoIominl
    Piccolomi,ll Card. PapIcllois.
    Paplc ...... Mediolani I ~.
    ~, .
    p. 10. - Jacobi
    I .. cobi C.rd.
    Card. ~pieMis Epistul~ XXXV
    (1m
    (Im AnhlUlf au PU
    Pi
    dioIalli
    l!OCu
    INIICUIl<!i
    ..d; Commentarii
    Conmenta.ri; a I.
    . Gobellioo
    Gobelliz>o compo.;ti.
    compositi. Francofurtl
    Francofurt1 16
    161.).
    ). .
    p. 419.
    479.

    529

    EP1STOLAE.
    EP!STOLAE.

    quae me a scribendo
    scbend deterruit. mandat um vestrae reverendissimae
    reverendSsimae dominationis.
    minationS. Vos
    os vero quae tandem causa a scribendo retardavit
    retardait ?
    ? Scd
    sint, ut Hbet,
    lbet, quae hactenus a cta sunt. Posthac curandum, ne amicitiae officium deseratur. En
    ego. ut aiunt, glaciem frango . Reverendissi6 lila
    ma dominatio
    domnatio vestra sequatur et me aliquando
    a1iquando solitis illis
    IlS suis
    sus suavissisuaissilitterS consoletur. Commendo rne dominationi vestrae reverendismis litteris
    simae.
    Venets 7. Decembris
    Venetiis
    DecembS 1463.
    HmS servitor
    seritor
    Humilis
    B
    .. cardinalis Nicaenus
    manu propria.
    58. Bes"rIon
    Bes..rlon C.nllnalls
    Cr4InaIls
    Prindpi
    Principi
    Chrbtophoro
    Chrfstophoro Mauro.
    Mauro,
    16

    Lcet ex iniuncto nobis legationis


    legatonis omdo
    officio ea potissimum in
    animo
    Licet
    nostro cura versetur,
    n05tro
    ut populum christianum
    chstanum Deo magis
    magS gratum acceptabilemque reddamus. tarnen de salute reliquorurn a recto tramite
    aberrantium
    abeantum saepenumero cogitamus. et tum
    turn praesertim, cum ex eorum
    conversatione aliquid commodi Christianis
    ChStianis resultat. Hinc
    c est, quod R
    Roo2Omanorum pontificum
    pontifieum vestigiis inhaerentes Iudaeos inter Christianos
    ChStianos
    habitare permittimus,
    ut si voluerint, possint aliquando
    aIiquando eommode
    commode ree
    sipiscere; nolentes vero. nu1lam
    nullam valeant apud ddStrictum
    istrictum iudicem
    i-udicem suae
    pert
    pertinaeiae
    inacae excusationem
    e:c;cusationem invenire.
    Oblata
    Ob1ata sane nobis
    nobS pro parte dominationis et ee1situdinis
    ce1situd:nS tuae
    Uae pe26
    2 titio continebat, quod., lieet
    licet alias
    ala.s antecessores
    antecessoes tui
    U et d ominatio ce1sicelsitudoque tua ac communitates. rectores. eives,
    cives, universitates et offido
    ominio
    mnio supposit
    suppositorum
    orum Iu
    cia1es terrarum. civitatum et castrorum tuo d
    eiales
    daeos praedictos
    praedietos in
    dictis civitatibus. ca.stris. terris et locis
    iocS tenere et
    eurn
    ct1m eis pacisci ac capituIa
    capitula facere consuevissent cum maximo ipsorum
    30hominum et subditorum tuorum commodo
    comrnodo ac
    ae ro
    pro minori dispendio.
    nihiJominus tarnen
    tamen quidam ostea
    postea dubitantes. an antecessores tui praenihilominus
    libataque
    Jibataque dominatio et ce1situdo
    celsitudo tua, communitatesq ue ipsae, rectores.
    cives. universitates et officiales
    officia1es dictas conventiones pacta
    paeta et eapitula
    capitula
    inire potuissent. ea dictis
    dictS Iudaeis non
    obst:rvare,
    obsorvare, sed contra capitula
    ca. pitu1a
    85 priviJega.
    privilegia et conventiones, quae de coneessione
    concessione tuae dominationis
    dominations ante-

    12 SS"""o
    ..wo aipHt>: BS
    77:>.
    illutrissimo et '"xcel1elltiaimo
    77 'rlOll Cardinalis illustrissimo
    excellelltiaimo I,rincipi
    principi do
    da lIIiDO
    min<> Christoptwro
    Chritotoro Mau..o.
    M.ut"O.
    Ep.
    . ,s.
    j8. Be
    ua
    a riOll
    rio:>. ordnet
    o ......et bei GeIegenheit
    Gelegenheit
    Nio .... l.eg&tian
    Leg&ton mit
    n:.t di_m
    _ Sehreibeo
    Schreibe ..
    vom
    : .8.
    tS. Duembe"r
    DuembeT '463 die
    d. Rechuv
    Rec.huverh.ltoi$se
    ....hlltoi$se der
    d .... juden im B.reicl1
    Bsreicll dcr
    der Republik
    RCublk
    Venedig debiD,
    die
    d. ilmell
    hnell frtlher
    f r bcr gewt.hnen Zugallndniue
    Zuget.ndniu w"H
    ....betehen soDen.
    ooUen.
    debilI, da
    weit""batehe"
    OberlIderu",:
    Uberlleferull.: V en
    ett edig,
    edig. Archivia
    r<:hiio dei Frari, Memoriale tom.
    tam. XV . Druckn ... ck_
    au.gabe:
    ausgabe: H
    .. Vut,
    v t, lA
    .. Cardillal
    CardN B

    EFERriOll.
    :>.. Peru
    p..u 1818.
    181S. Appendic.
    ppendc. I.
    V. P
    . .,7
    " 1 5..

    x. _ _ .

    I
    N oh
    gh ln
    ler,. .

    lu.
    IU.

    s.t

    53.
    630

    BESSARIONIS
    BESSRIONJS

    cessorumque tuorum eum


    cessorurnque
    cum communitatibus, civibus et universitatibus
    civitatum terrarum et locorum, in quibus habitant, multipliciter vexare,

    perturbare et gravare coeperunt.


    pertuibare
    Quocirca dominatio et sublimitas
    subllmitas tua frequenti
    frequent dictarum universitatum civium
    ciium et civitatum conquestione penota
    permota nobis supplicavit.
    supplicaVt. ,
    ut super his comrnoditati populorum tuarum
    tuorurn providere de benignita.te
    benignitate
    apostolica dignaremur.
    dgnaremur. Nos igitur cupientes, quantum eum
    cum Deo possumus, commodo, tranquillitati et minori dispendio populorum praefatol providere, dominationis ac cdsitudinis tuae in
    hac pa.rte
    rum
    parte supplicationibus inclinati. auctoritate, qua fungimur apostolica, et plenaa
    plenaria 10
    super boc facultate suffulti.
    suffult. volurnus, statuimus atque deceIllimus
    decelllimus tenore praesentiul,
    praesentium, quod omnes
    amnes conventiones,
    cODventiones, concessiones, capitula.
    privilegia et pacta eisdem Iudaeis
    Iuclaeis concessa, quae et Quas
    quas de confirmatione
    domnatonis tuae ac
    ae antecessorum et successorum
    sueeessorum tuseu eonsensu
    consensu dominationis
    orum eum
    cum civitatibus,
    civitatibus. eivibus
    civibus et universitatibus provinciarum tuarum,
    tuanm. Ui

    castrorum et locorum praedCtorum


    praedktorum quomodolibet hactenus inierunt
    inerunt et
    posterum inibunt et facient, observentur et illis
    ills libere
    fecerunt vel in
    potiantur, quodque pacifice et quiete eum
    cum illis stare, vivere, conversari
    et traficari 1ibere
    libere Iudaei ipsi pennittantur. Absolventes harum tenore
    cives, 20
    dominationem
    doninationem et celsitudinem tuam ac omnes et singulos rectores, cives.
    universitates et officiales provinciarum, terrarum, castrorum et 1000universtates
    rum praedictorum, qui et quae propter eonventiones,
    conventiones, concessiones et
    pacta, praedicta, quomodolibet excommunicationis vinculo
    acta,
    vincu10 innodatae
    essent, et ut in posterum similes concessiones
    coneessiones et eapitula
    capitu1a inire possint
    et sua, tu15
    tuis eadem auctoritate eoncedentes,
    concedentes, conventionesque et eapitula
    capitula 25
    huiusmodi similiter observari mandantes. Iniungentes insuper omnibus,
    tam clerieis
    clericis quam lakis,
    laCis, cuiuscumque ordinis, status, gradus.
    gradus, eondiconditarn
    tam praesentibus quam futuris,
    futuS, in virtute sanctae obtionis exsistant, tarn
    tiorus
    praemissis, seu contra hanc nostram
    nostrarn concessiooedientiae, quarum in paemiSSs,
    contrae praesumant.
    praesumant, non
    obstantibus quibuscumque in 30
    nem nn!lam
    n"lIam contrarie
    contrarium facientibus.
    In
    quorum fidem
    fidern robur et testimonium praesentes nostras litteras
    fieri ac
    ae nostri consueti sigilli
    sgilli iussirnus
    iussimus apparatu muniri.
    Datum Venetiis in monasterio S. Georgii
    Georg maioris.
    rnaioris, A.
    . D. 1463
    Kalendas
    alendas Ianuarias.
    Ianuaas .
    35
    XV

    631

    EPISTOLAE,
    EPJSTOLE.

    69.
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    Ep.
    . j9. Der Brie1
    VOUl
    ou 9. AUIIISt
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    ,,.6j richut
    richUt sich
    aich all
    _ d"" Euiehe:r
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    Ven-gung.
    Oi"gUng. E.
    . ba ..d"lt"
    d"lte sich
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    des De$poten
    awe!
    2we! SOh
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    .. dua s 1m
    im Altcr
    Alter VO"
    vo" 12 ....d V
    ... uel i",
    ... Mtc.
    Alter von
    " '0
    ' Jahre
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    .. , 50
    5 0 ..;e
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    u'" eine
    Tochter zo e, di.. 1.6j
    ,,.6j auf
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    d"""o
    ....... bei ihr .... J .udung
    8ndua. in AIlMna
    AnMnS ab
    abe IIicb.t
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    uuter deo. Lebenden
    Lebelldo. fande
    fa:de .. (t 13.
    ' 3.
    Mai
    ... 146j). De.
    Der Papst
    Papt b.tt"
    batte die
    do Sorge
    $orgo Ulr
    " ihre
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    l.1nt.".b.&it llberuo",men.
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    nahm
    ...
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    Verteilug der :Mlrte1
    Mittel. "ud
    und die
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    Regelung Ihrer
    ihre Lebensw";..,
    Lebens.... ";.., In
    .. die
    .. Hand
    H.ud . MonaUich
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    "'" 200
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    terhalt und
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    Dieuenchaft, 100 11.
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    ll ih
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    $id. DCT K.rdinal
    K.tdn&l hAlt Dicht
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    2urllck, vo .. dem
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    .. willen
    "'ille des
    d ... Papst<'a
    PAs.,a Obet
    llbet die viel
    iei zu
    Zu grolle Dienerschaft
    Dellerschaft der Vertriebeoe .. ~ berichUII,
    berichten,
    uud bemerJ:t,
    ulld
    bemerkt, da
    d_B .uch
    auch kein
    keill Turon
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    si ",ehr
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    Erz.ieh ....
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    ,"" Kritob
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    babe .. auf
    ., g
    I ....... e H.usb.altfOhrucg
    Hausb..ltfIhruOI zu
    achten.
    achteD.
    Notwendi:
    Notwendis: 1st
    Ist d.". Arzt,
    ", ein
    en gt eeh.iocher
    eeb.iocher ..
    "Dd
    ud Iateinioch<'lr
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    Dolmetacber uod
    uDd
    ochli"lcll ci ....
    .., .uch
    ucll &Wei
    &We I.. teinioch
    teiuioch ~ Pri_te.;
    Pri_ter; deD .. Dach
    nacll Wuuxh
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    aollen
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    die Pri ..""" 1m
    im Sinne
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    .. iOCb.en Kirche
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    Vonchriftell
    we.den
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    T"iluabme ..... Gottesdienst,
    d ... Umgaupformen
    m.it
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    boch .... d ,ieder.
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    Erzieher hat
    bat 2"
    2">?mmen
    mm.... mit dem Ant
    % d ..r"ber
    rllber 2U
    " wac:hen
    wachen . Die

    gewiaseuhalte Einhaltu,,&
    gewiaseohafte
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    d .... Vonchrifte .. 1st
    ist V ........
    ......"oset~"I
    oset~"I {Or
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    u"ter
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    AI>tenthaluon kom"'
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    bis September oder Oktober in

    eiDgoli
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    .... ) in du
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    r~IL'>") ., tU d__
    d_Di.~_ di....... P1ar.z gehrt,
    , Sorge
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    ..,wit
    S..d i .. der alten
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    (MIgn. PG . 6 1.
    ) irr
    ...
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    ., 683 D)
    tQ",lich
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    SieiJ.i.. und ColD(>
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    Vgl. dategen
    dategen E.
    . Legu
    L .. gra .. d: R.,vue
    Revue
    d .. ;d
    ~udu g.ec<jues
    I'ec<ju_ V (Paris
    (PAri 189~) 108-11~;
    .08-II~; Byz.
    . Z8Chr.
    Z..:hr. I (.8g2) 3'4. De"'
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    Sehk:ksaI
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    PriDzn vBl.
    l, Bd. 1 3"9 f.

    ...

    BESSARIONIS

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    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

    e2. 8n,.rlon
    8"t8r1on
    Ep.
    . Sabinus, Card. Nicaenus, Patr. Constantinopolitanus
    Constantinopoltanus
    LibeUos de Processione Spiritus Sancti
    In
    A.
    . '.alam 11
    'ontlftcem
    'ontlflcem Mulmam
    M8JImam
    Prooemium.
    Prooen:Uum.
    re!igo, vir
    Eugeniu.s IV, avuncu1us tuus, pontifex maximus, vir religione,
    Eugenius
    tute, rebus gestis amplissimus. inter mu1ta,
    multa, quae ro
    pro christianae reipublicae commodo, dignitate,
    d.gntate, splendore ve1
    vel cogitare sapientissime vel
    perficere diligentissime
    dligentissime solebat, ad id in primis omnem suam
    sam mentem,
    10 curam ac studium adhibebat, ut obscuratas erroribus
    ebus mortalium mentes
    ac tenebris caecitatis obstructas luce
    Iuee veritatis
    veritats illuminaret. 0
    clementiam,
    Romano pontifice dignam! 0
    sapientiam principis miram, qui se.
    se, qui
    sua studia.
    studia, qui fortunas suas omnes pro christiani populi concordia atque incolumitate devoverat! Quid enim utilius, quid excellentius,
    exceIentius. quid
    15immortali
    15immortal Deo gratius facere poterat, quam iostar
    instar vigi1antis
    vigilantis agricolae
    excutere atque expurgare
    exurgare ma1am
    malam sementem,
    sementern, et tamquam sollicitus pastor curare morbidas oves, ne
    alioquin tabe invalescente
    inalescente non
    modo ipsae
    perirert,
    perirent, sed totum gregemcontaminarent atque inficerent ? Sciebat certe
    sapientissimus pontifex.
    pontifex, quantum saepenumero discrimen,
    discrime. quot discorsedtiones, quot bella pepererat ob ignorantiam veritatis orta
    2Odias, quot seditiones,
    2Odias.
    contentio, in his
    contentio.
    bis praesertim rebus, quae ad fidem ac
    ae religionem pertinerent. Quin etiam viderat.
    viderat, audierat.
    audierat, legerat, ut parva interdum erroris
    eoris
    scintilla non
    modo unam ecclesiam aut civitatem,
    ciVtatem . sed plures etiam
    maximasque provincias ve1uti a1icuius
    alicuius morbi contagione foedaverat.
    25 Hinc post alia
    aHa eius
    eins egregia opera Ferrariae
    Feaa.e primo. deinde Florentiae.
    Florentiae,
    clarissimis
    classimis Italiae urbibus.
    urbibus, genera1e
    generale Christianorum concilium tanto Ialabore, studio.
    studio, vigiliis.
    vigillis, sumptibusque coi!git.
    coi!git, ut pestiferam illam ac iam
    iarn
    bore.
    tot annis inveteratam
    nveteratam orientalis
    oentalis atque occidentalis ecclesiae
    eccJesiae dissensioDem de medio tolleret et male de fide sentientes ad capessendam
    30 veritatern induce.ret.
    induceret. Quod tandem cornrnonendo fratres.
    fratres, praedcando.
    praedicando,
    instruendo. bortando,
    borta.ndo, interdum etiam disputationem aculeis pfosterpwsterinstruendo,
    nendo Deo.
    Deo, cuius res gerebatur.
    gerebatur, favente consecutus est.

    EI"
    '. 6~. Beua
    "88a ri
    " o".
    ... WidmuDplOChreibc.n
    Wdmuupoclrebc.n an P.pst
    Papsl: Paul
    PaulU
    r aur Vberreichllllg
    Vbeechnng
    .einer
    .ene:r Red",", di
    die
    .. e:r
    er aul
    auf dem
    de:m. Unio<>.kO<Ui!llI
    O8Qn\l .,,' Ferrar.F1orena
    Ferrar.F1orea gebaltCII.
    baltCJI. hatte. "fClt
    "'C B
    B ''s"
    "''
    rious
    ertvoll. da
    er in ....... _ alten
    r:ous wiMensch&ftlkhe
    wisoe>.sch&ftkhe Betl.tigllllg
    Bet.tigllng IM:
    1: die Angabe ...
    ""ertoll.
    daU ""
    Tagen seine
    sei: h1Ihe:ren schriltatelleri"""
    clrili8te1lei:ben
    .... Leistnnge:n
    LeItllnge: _ndte
    _mdte ..
    ,utd
    nd nbe:rubeitete.
    nbe:rvbetete. Das
    gleiche
    g!eicl berichtet I1ber ihn cc
    Niecol /) Capranic&
    Cap . . ",ic. iD
    J 0ICiD
    0ICi .... Oratio lunebris
    lu.ebris e.9
    C.9 (oben
    (oben.
    S.0410).
    S .04 IO) .
    Vberlieferung: Venedig
    Vberlieh,rnng:
    Ven.,dg , Cad.
    Cod. Man:.lat.
    Mare.1at. 133:
    '33: Mailand , Bibi.
    bl . AmM.
    At. R 4 sup
    ." .
    101..
    fol.. 1' - 3. -_ Drucka
    Drucka"
    .... gabe "n :, A.
    . H.
    . Zan .. ttl.
    ttl . l.&tiDa
    LatJa et Ih!jc.
    HaHn D. Marci
    Muei Bibliotheca
    Bibliot...:.
    CodCUn manuacriptorum
    nanu8Cr:iptorun . Venetiill74I,
    eneti 1741, P.
    ' 76"'1.
    76",1. _
    ..
    PG ,6
    319q.
    Codicum
    Mig"
    ,61.319"'1'

    "'.

    BESSARIQNIS
    BESSARIONIS

    Huic
    c ergo concilio,
    coc, summe pontifex, euro
    c ab optima
    imperatore
    Rostro
    nostro vocatus una cum
    euro ceteris orientis episcopis interessem, nec
    neo: me
    !ateret
    latelet sacrosanctam Romanam ecclesiam. quae columna
    columa semper ac
    firmamentum christianae fidei fuit.
    t. recta
    reeta sentire, e nostris vero
    plerosque contentionis
    contentonS cupidiores
    cupdiores esse quam veritatis,
    veria!;, pro virtute
    virtutc mea miM
    h 5
    elaborandum
    e1aborandum existimavi,
    ut veram Offines
    offines opinionem amplexi veterum
    errorum
    errorurn sordes maculasque deponerenr.
    deponerent. Amabam equidem n05tros homines,
    ut par erat,
    eTat, nostr3mque
    nostrarnque causam, si fieri
    feri potuisset, optassem esse
    meliorem;
    mlOTm; !>ed
    se<! amanda
    amanda. in
    primis ac praefe-enda
    praefe-rcnda veritas fuit,
    {, et
    el absque
    invidia. quidquid recte diceretur, amploctendum.
    amplocrendum. Diversas itaque in
    con- 10
    eilio
    cilio orationes inter nos habui.
    hahni, in
    quibus cum de a1iis
    alBs rebus, tum
    turn praecipue de processione spiritus sancti,
    saneti, de quo maxima
    mama tunc
    tune quaestio erat.
    latissime disserui. eumque
    c:umque a patre filioque
    floque proced.ere.
    procedere. ut rationes
    ratones taceam. non
    modo Latinorum, sed etiam
    etam Graecorum doctorum auctoritate apertissime demonstravi, hortatus postremo omnes,
    ut relictis
    relietis er-I'
    er- 6
    rorum tenebris tamquam veri luminis rndiis
    adiis illustrati sese ad Romanae
    ecclesiae lucem splendoremque eonverterent.
    converterent.
    Eas orationes, quamquam ab amicis saepe rogatus fuerim,
    fuem, conscius
    oonscius
    tarnen imbeciIlitatis
    tamen
    imbecillitatis meae edere numquam volui,
    l, nihil
    nihl in
    his esse wstimans. quod dignum videri eruditis auribu s posset. Verumtamen eum.20
    cum.20
    versantibus nuper mecum libellos meos quibusdam familiaribus nostris.
    in
    eorum forte manus incidissent, nec prohibere potuissem, quin eos
    accuratius legerent. non
    modo hortari me ostea
    destiterunt, sed
    postea non
    etiam vehementer efflagitare,
    ut tam
    tarn ea. quam alia quaedam opuscula,
    opuscu1a,
    quae post dissoIutum
    dissolutum concilium
    coneilium quibusdam adhuc
    adhue a recto itinere devi-25
    anti bus scribere eompulsus
    antibus
    compulsus fui,
    ,
    pro communi hominum commodo ederem, pleraque in
    his esse dicentes a Graecis sumpta auctoribus, quae,
    rern,
    eum
    cum apud Latinos
    Latnos nusquam haberentur, non
    parvam forent legentibus
    Iegentibus
    utilitatem allatura. Quapropter veiuti
    utlitatem
    veluti inops consilii haesi aliquamdiu
    et, quid mihi agendum esset, dubitavi. IIlinc
    Illnc enim, ut ederem, familia-30
    rium
    meorom
    meorum urgebat auctoritas,
    auetoritas, hinc
    hine
    ut supprimerem. mea me hortabatue infirmitas.
    batur
    Tandem vero illud animo occurrit, ut lucubrationes
    lucubratones meas tue
    saeratissimo
    cmtissimo nomini, dive pontifex Paule. dedicarem.
    dediearem. Nam cui potius,
    quae de religione a nobis sub divo Eugenio, avunculo
    avuneulo tuo,
    , scripta sunt, 3Ii
    dari, donari et consocmri
    consocrari debehant.
    debebant. quam tibi, quem et religionis
    peincipem ac magistrum
    rnagistrum et illius non
    modo sanguinis, sed etiam
    etam pontfcatus
    pontificatus
    suecessorem esse divina providentia voluit ? Qui divino consilio, singusuccessorem
    lari sapientia et incredibili
    incredibli animi magnitudine commissum humeris
    humers tuis
    imperium ita gubemas,
    modo pul1ulantes

    gubernas, !
    ut non
    puUulantes aliquando haereses ex tO
    propinquis Romanae eccIesiae
    ecclesiae provinciis,
    provineiis, sed etiam inveteratas ex ceremotissimis
    motissimS ac potentissimis regnis exstirpes
    exstiepes atque evellas; a quo ita
    brevi tempore auctum est ecclesiae imperium et huius sacrae sedis
    seds

    EPlSTOLAE.
    1STOL.

    541

    maiestas, ut et
    te, quod raro
    ro evenire hominibus consuevit, timeant
    m pariter omnes atque ament, et
    Romanae ecclesiae nec
    nee potentia umquam
    tanta fuerit nec
    nee tanta auctoritas. Tuae igitur dementiae
    clementiae erit,
    , summe
    ,
    pontifex, concedere
    coneedere hoc fidei erga
    te
    mea.e,
    meae, ut libellum hunc
    hune libenter
    ~ accipias, demumque pro tuo
    sapientissimo
    sapientSsimo iudicio veI
    edas veI
    supprimas. Quod si edendum judicaveS,
    judicaveris, plmm
    plurimum eerte
    certe auctoritatis videbitur tua graUa
    grata eonsecutus.
    consecutus.
    83.
    Bsoo C&rdlnlllls
    C8.rdlnlls
    03. Besu.rlon
    Chrlstophoro
    Chdstophoro Mluro Pud
    Duel
    Et Sen.tul Venetorum,

    Equidem semper a tenera fere


    puerilique aetate omnem meum laborem, omnem
    aronem operam, euram
    curam studiumque adhibui, !
    ut quotcumque
    possem, libros in
    omni disciplinarum genere eompararem.
    compararem. Propter quod
    modo plerosque et
    puer et
    adolescens manu propria conscripsi, sed
    non
    15 quidquid pecunioIae
    pecuniolae seponere interim
    parca frugalitas potuit, in
    5
    s
    c!mendis
    ~mendis absumpsi. Nullam enim magis dignam afque
    atque praec]aram
    praeelaram supeJlectilem, nuUum
    nullum utiliorem praestantoremque
    praestantioremque thesaurum parare mihi
    miM
    posse existimabam. Quippe ]
    pleni sunt libri sapientium vocibus, pleni
    antiquitatis exemplis,
    e:c:emplis, pIcni
    plcni moribllS,
    rnoribus,
    pleni legibus,
    pleni religione.
    relgione. Vi2Ovunt, conversantur, Ioquunturque
    Ioquuntllrque nobiscum, docent nos, instituunt,
    ,
    consolantur, resque e memoria nostra remotissimas quasi praesentes
    nobis exhibent et ante ocu1os
    oculos .
    ponunt. Tanta ~
    ~t eorum otestas,
    potestas, tanta
    dignitas, tanta maiestas, tantum
    m denique nurnen,
    numen, ut, nisi libri forent,
    {,
    rudes omnes essemu.s
    essemus et indocti, nullam fere
    { praeterit,,"rum
    praeteritarum rerum mcmeZI>
    motiam, nulIum
    nullum exernplum,
    exemplum, nuJlam
    nllllam denique nec huma.narum
    humanarum nec dividi
    narum rerum ecgnitionem
    n,,"rum
    ccgnitionem haberemus. Eadem uma..
    uma, quae hominum
    eorpora
    corpora eontegit,
    contegit, etiam
    nomina obrueret.
    8 M
    s"p...c,.;ptiQ:
    IlIu.tojmo atque invictj
    jmo principj.
    criptiQ' lUu.triuimo
    invicti..imo
    principi. doml"o
    domino Cbri$toCbti$tophOTO Moro.
    phoro
    Moro, duci et in"lyto
    "c V"netorum ""atui
    ltenatui Bu"n;",
    B,,~rio. cardinali.
    ~IraJ.I. et patiarcha
    patTiarcha ConCor
    nantj"opolita..u.,
    .~otjnoolita. .. s. ..
    ..
    111 ten>.
    te.

    sei""

    Ep.
    . 63. Busadon
    Bea .... rio n sche,,1<t;.
    schenl<t:. e"Io Bihliothek
    ; hIo th"k de-<
    <1O"< RepIlblik
    Republik Venedig.
    Venedg. Er
    schiIde-rt,
    schildCl't,
    mit weJchem
    welchem Ejf
    Elf .... "r
    er oie
    ." gesammelt, immer
    " ''''
    im Hjnblid<
    Hjoblid< darauf, die
    d." alten Kultuncbll.ue
    Kultun:bll.tte
    *<>lIen ..,;nen
    einem
    "zu
    .. retten. Die BQcbn
    BQcller ...u"n
    ...u" LandoJeuten.
    LandJ"uten. aber auch
    Acl den
    .... Lateinern
    Latenen an
    a e;nem
    oi.ch~n Pi
    Scl~
    P .. ~
    t~ ~"BIt;cl
    ~ug""gch bleiben. Das Datum 1st
    ist lI,",h
    n,",h dem.
    <lem C<>d. Mr.~.
    Ma~. di"
    die 3) 1. Mai
    ..
    ,~68 (Migne;
    (M.ig",,; 4.
    ~. Mal)
    Mai) .

    H a ndsc hrIIt
    hrlltli
    lieh"
    ehe berlieferung
    ()b"r}jefeung :: Ven"dig,
    Venedig, Cod. Mare.
    M&rc. 1st.
    J.. t. L. XIV
    '4.
    ,~. 101.
    fol.
    ); Rnm.
    Rom. Cod.
    Cod.. Val.lsl.
    V .. t. iat. HO~. fol.
    . ,08-'09 v;
    ; Cod. Vat. 1at.
    tat. 396~; 8ibl.
    Blbl. An_
    ' - 4 ( ... M);
    gel<:a.
    ~79. fol. 1'9-"".22;
    1.<}--.22; Pul
    .. e,
    ", C<>d. gr. 306 .. , fol. 16--33.
    . 6--33. _ Drl",k
    Dru"k,uag
    .. u.gab
    .. be,,:
    .. ,,:
    gell
    .... , Cod. 479.
    J. Val"ntinelLi.
    Va"ntie1L. B;bHotheca
    BbHotheca manu
    " &c:ripU
    &e:rlpU S. Marci
    M:...ci Venetia",m.
    Venetia"'''', Codd . tnSI. lat.
    1.. I
    (Velletiis
    (VenfJi;is .868) .
    p . J6--f9. _ H.Omont. Revu"
    Revue dC!l
    ... bibl.iotht
    bibliotbt qu .... IV (Paris
    (Pan. .9.4)
    '89.4)

    p . '38--'4.
    )8--140. - Miglle,
    ", PG 6 100
    702 (v;eJra,,"
    (;". venel>leehtert).
    verschleebtert).

    11, .

    ...

    BESSARIONtS
    UESSRI0NtS

    Quamvis autem
    autern huie
    huC rei toto animo semper incubuerim, ardentiori
    ardent
    tarnen studio post Graeciae excidium et deendam
    tamen
    deflendam Byzantii
    Byzant captivitate in perquirendis graecis !ibris
    libris omnes meas vires,
    es, omnem curam, omtern
    nem
    en operam, facultatem industriamque consumps.i.
    consumpsi. Verebar enim
    m et
    vehementissime formidabam, ne
    eum
    cum ceteris
    <:eteris rebus tot excellentissimi
    excellentSSimi 5
    libri, tot summorum virorum sudores atque vigiliae. tot lumina orbis terrae brevi
    brev tempore ericlitarentur
    periclitarentur atque perirent. quemadmodum etiam
    ducentis vi&inti
    i&inti miliSUperiori
    superiori tempore tantam iacturam fecimus,
    fedmus, ut ex
    bus librorum,
    Iibrorum, quos Plutarchus
    Plutachus refert in
    bibliotheca Apamiarom
    Apamiarum {nisse,
    flli s se,
    vix
    ix mille aetate nostra supersint. Conati autem
    autern surnus,
    surous, quantum in
    no-tG
    - )
    bis fuit, non
    tam
    tarn multos
    multas quam optimos libros colligere
    coUigere et singuJorum
    operum
    openm singula volumina, sicque cuncta fere sapientum graecorulll
    graecorun
    opera, praesertim quae rara erant et inventu difficilia, co~
    co~us . Ceterum euro
    cum haec mente sa.epe
    saepe repeterem, parum desiderio meo satisvidebar, nisi pariter provderen,
    providerem,
    ut libri,
    fecisse videhar,
    lbri, quos tanto studio et 15
    labore
    Iabore coegernm,
    coegenm, me vive
    ita collocarentur,
    ut etiam defuncto
    defuneto dissidissi_

    pari a1ienarique
    alienarique non possent, sed in loco aliquo, tuto simul ac
    ae commodo,
    ad communem hominum, tam G:raecorum
    Graecorum quam Latinorum, utilitatem
    servarentur.
    Hoc igitur
    gitur eogitanti
    cogitanti mihi
    miM multasque Italiae
    Italae urbes animo volventi20
    volventi 20
    sola vestra inclyta atque amp1issima
    amptissima civitas occurrit,
    oceurrit, in
    qua animus
    a.nimU$
    meus omni ex parte conquiesceret. Primo
    Pmo enim non
    videbam, quem 10cum eligere tutiorem possem. quam eum,
    m, qui aequitate regitur, legibus
    tenetur, integritate ac sapientia gubernatur, ubi virtutis, continentiae.
    gravitatis, iustitiae, fidei domicilium
    domieilium est, ubi imperiwn,
    imperium, ut maximum
    maxmum 25
    est atque amplissimum,
    amplssimum, ita aequabile
    aequable ac
    consuae mode:ratum,
    moderatum, animi in
    lendo liberi, nulli
    ll libidini, nulli delicto
    delcto obnoxii, prudentes clavum im
    perii tenent, et bo
    boni malis praeponuntur, ac
    ae privatorum commodol'UlI'L
    commodorun
    obliti totum corpus reipublicae unanimi consensu et summa integritate
    procurant. Ex
    quibus sperandum est civitatem vestram, quod optamus, 30
    in dies magis
    m et vires et nomen pmpagaturam.
    propagaturam. Dehinc
    Dehine intelligebam nullum locum a me eligi posse eommodiorem
    commodiorem ac nostris praesertim hominibus aptiorem. eum
    Cum enim in civitatem vestram omnes fere totius orbis
    nationes maxime conDuant, tum
    turn praecipue Graeci, qui e suis proVnciis
    provinciis
    navigo venientes Venetiis
    Venetjis mm
    primum descendunt, ea praeterea vobiscum 35
    navigio
    necessitudine devincti,
    ut ad vestram appulsi urbem quasi a1terum
    alterum By
    zantium introire videantur. Post haec quomodo poterit
    potent boc beneficium
    a nobis honestius locari, quam apud eos homines, quibus ego multis
    eorum in
    me beneficiis devinctus
    devnctus obstrictusque essem, et in
    ea civitate,
    ciVtate,
    quam mibi
    milli subiugata Grae(:ia
    Graeeia pro patria elegissem, et in
    quam accitus40
    honorifieentissime reeeptus
    re(:eptus fuis5tm?
    fuissem?
    a vobis atque honorificentissime
    Itaque conscius mortalitatis meae et ingravescentem
    ngravescentem iam aetatem
    diversosque,quibus affligimur,morbos et cetera, quae evenire possent,

    UISTOtAE.
    UISTOLE.

    54'

    considerans omnes libros meos


    rneos utriusque linguae sacratissimae
    sacratissmae aed.i
    beati Marci vestrae indytae
    inclytae dvitatis
    ciitatis dono dedi atque dicavi,
    dcai, sentiens
    talern me
    ta1em
    rne animum
    animurn et excellentiae vestrae et gratitudini
    gratitudni meae et, quam
    qUant
    mihi
    mih communem
    cornrnunem esse
    e5!ie voluistis, pa.tae
    patriae deboisse,
    debllisse, ut vos ac
    ae liberi oste
    poster; rique vestri,
    estri, qui me
    rne virtute
    vrtute ac sapientia
    sapienta vestra multisque in
    me beneficis addictum,
    ad.dictum, ded.itum obstrictumque
    obstrietumque habetis, huiusmodi meorum laJaficiis
    borum imprimis fructus
    fruetus uberes diuturnosque
    duturnosque capiatis, dehinc ceteri,
    qui bonarum disdplinarum
    dscplinarum studiosi erunt, vestra eausa
    causa capiant. Quapropter et donationem ipsam et librorum
    lbrorum indieem
    indcem et poofi
    pontificis maximi
    ma:mi
    10 decretum ad vestras exeellentias
    excellentias mittimus
    mittmus pIa:antes
    plecantes Deum, ut reipublieae
    omnia bene, feliciter prosereque
    prospereque eveniant, et pacem hablicae vestrae omma
    beat, tranquillitatem, otiwn
    ot concordiamque
    concordamque erpetuam.
    perpetuam. Va1eant
    Valeant excellentiae
    cellentae vestrae felidter.
    feliciter.
    Ex
    ba.lneis
    balneis Viterbiensibus anno sa1utis
    salutis 1468, pridie Kalendas
    aIendas
    16 Iunias.
    15
    Iunia.s.
    14.
    64. Besaarloa
    Bearlo C.rdlaalll
    C8rdIaa1Is
    Marsillo
    MarlIIo FIeIno.
    FIcIno.

    Spectate docteque vir,


    ir, amice noster. Superioribus
    Superoribus litteriselucubra.litteriselueubra- L 62
    tum opus nostrum et nuper editurn
    ed.itum in
    defensionem Platonis nos ad te L 6:~
    6:i~
    20 missuros promisimus, eum
    cum ob ingenium tuum et Platonicae doctrinae
    doctnae
    studium
    studum eJC.imium,
    eJ.imium, tum
    turn ut, quid
    qUd nos ex illo fonte bauserimus, facile
    perspicias et legas. Si quid
    perspicas
    qUd enim
    enm in
    hac industria nostra ve1 eloquentiae
    eloquentae
    vel bonarum artium cognitionis eluxit, si quid fuimus,
    fUmus, id omne vel nos
    ab iUo
    accepisse, ve1
    vel ipsum sibi se defendendo suppeditasse facile exi2li
    2Ii stimari
    stmari patimur et volumus. Quod nonnibil
    nonnihil quoque ad illius laudem
    Iaudem
    pertinere videtur,
    idetur,
    ut suis viribus,
    iribus, sua amplitudine
    ampltudine causam
    caU8am pro sedixerit,
    alieno auxilio
    a1ieno
    auxlio non
    querit,
    eguerit, voci tamen
    tarnen patroni locum reliquerit ac
    ae 8tustudio. Hunc
    Hune librum ad te dedimus
    dedimu8 his, qui euram
    curam hic
    roe geruot
    gerunt rerum illorum, ex medicis. Quo mittendo
    rnittendo eum
    cum fidei
    fide et promisso nostro omnino,
    m,
    16 L Swprasmptio
    S"fJrumptio:: Bmarjon
    BEHrjon C&rdinaIis Sabinll8
    SabinII8 Milftilio
    MlU8lio Ficino
    Flclno Pl&tooico.
    Pl&tooco.
    27 ta.m""
    tamen L tantll""
    bis L ija Q L
    ta>t .. "" (J
    L r 28 hi

    Ep.
    . "..
    ~. Be.urioll
    Be.. arion lABt
    IASt oeIn
    eIn Werk ..,,111
    Caluml1i.&tot"e:IIl
    Caluml1i.to"e:ID P\atonis
    P1atonis _ g"",.,;nt
    g"",e;..t ist
    die Druckauagabe
    Dnclaugabe der
    d.,.. l&teinirh_
    lateilliechell ~S
    ~g v.
    . J. 1469
    '469 _ Manil!.
    Mar8ill"8
    .. Flelnu.
    FJclnu8
    zugeheIl.
    rugeMn.
    tJbediefenllg:
    tJbe~lieferI>Dg: Florell2,
    FIoreD2 , Bibi.
    B;bI. Laur. PI\lt.83,
    P1\1t.83, God.
    God .188 fo1.62-6)
    fo1. 62-63 ( _ L). ~
    Druckautgabell: Epi.sto1ae
    Druck.u'gaben:
    Epi.tol&e Marsilii
    Marsil.i Fieinl
    Fic.i FIorelltini
    F!o"eilii I 13.
    u. Per
    .,.. AlltoDill""
    to:i"" J{obeJg
    KobeJg ... ,
    '491
    fo1. ,.
    , . -A.
    Quirilli, L.iber.mgularl.
    optimOnlm IICriptoru""
    7062), 101.
    -. M.
    . Quiriai,
    L.ber u..gu1arW de optimorum
    cripton""
    1491 (Hab> .,0(2),
    editionibllJ,
    editioib ..., q ..... RO"Iae
    Rnae primo prodieunt
    prodie-runt post divinum
    diium typOgI"aphiae
    typOgI"aphlae inveD1:um.
    iaveDtum. LiDL
    daugiaa
    dauga8 1,6
    1761.
    .
    p. 32,
    327""1.
    8'1. ( _ Q). _ E.
    . Legr.nd,
    Legraad, Bibliographie
    Bibliognphie H~iq.
    H~Diqlle. IU
    11 Paria
    Paa
    19<,
    1903,
    p ...
    . .. (_ L)
    L).. EiDe
    Ei delltxhe
    deutxle tJbenetzung
    tJbenetzug bei Kat!
    KatIlbr1rgn.f
    Marlrgn.f VOll
    Montoriol.
    MOlltoriola
    (Ps.
    (1'8. fllr Kar:!
    ar:I Paul
    Palll Haue).
    H.~ ...). Briefe det
    de MedicEElkreise
    MedicEElkre - e,.
    Berlin
    Berlia 1926,
    '92 6, S. 114.

    '"

    SESSARIONIS
    BESSA1UONIS

    tum studiis tuis atque animo erga P1atonem


    turn
    Platonem nonnihil satisfactum esse
    putamus.
    L 63
    Bene vale et,
    , an Iibrum
    Ibrum acceperis.
    acceeris. nos fades
    facies certiores.
    Ex
    Urbe, Idibus Septembris 1469.
    8260

    65. Mar.IIIv.s
    Maulllus Fldnu$
    F$
    Bes
    Balol
    ..rlonl Cardlnall.
    Car4InaII.

    Plato noster eurn


    cum in
    Phaedro non
    minus copiose quam subtiliter
    de pulchritudine disputasset. animi pulchritudnem
    pulchritudinem a Deo, quam ct

    sapientiam et
    ct aurum pretiosissimum vocat. postulait.
    postulavit. Aurum
    hoc a
    Deo P1atoni
    Platoni tributum Platonico in
    sinu mundissimo clarissime fulgebat.l0
    Verbis autem
    autern ct
    litteris licet
    lieet lucu1entissimis, inte1lectu tamen
    tarnen obscu~
    rioribus invoiutum
    involutum evaserat obscurius. ct
    q uasi teneno quodam arnbitu obsitum eos homines latebat, qui lynceos ocuJos
    oeulos non
    haberent.
    Quocirca nonnulIi
    philodoxi exteriori glaeba denonnulli quondam minutiores phlodoxi
    cepti.
    c. eurn
    cum non
    possent ad intima
    intma penetrare, latentem thesaurum con-15
    c-1
    temnebant. Sed tandem in
    Plotini
    primo, deinde Porphyrii.
    Porphyrii et Iam
    blichi, ostremo
    postremo Procli
    ProcH officinam
    officinan aurum
    aurn illud deporta.tum
    deportaturn exquisitissi.
    mo ignis examine
    exa.mine excussis arenis emicuit usque adeo, ut omnem ter
    B
    2W rarum orbem miro
    mire quodam spIendore
    splendon~ illustraverit. Sed tantis radiis
    noctuae quaeda.m
    noctua.e
    aedan seu
    sen bubones,
    ut videtur,
    idetur, offensi sacrum
    sa.crum illud PIa- 20
    tonis nostri thesa.urum
    thesaurum non
    modo spemere ut quondam nonnulli, sed
    etiam - proh nefas-vitupero receperunt, quod
    od multo
    muIto erat rio
    priori ertore
    deterius. Sed tu,
    , Bessario, academiae lumen medicamentum confestim
    saluberrimum hebetibus et caligantibus oculis adhibuisti, ut iam aurum
    a.urum
    illud Platoni divinitus
    d!> datum non
    modo
    od defaecatum ac mundum sit, 25
    26
    sed. tra.ctabile
    trac tabile manibus et oculis innoxium. Hoc
    oc vaticinatus aliquando
    &to fore tempus Dionysio inquit ost
    post multa ~y.la,
    ~~yla, quo
    theoIogiae
    theologiae
    ::. B
    S"f>Ucnf'l:
    S"~lUcntmt1 :
    dieit . !) 23 columcn
    dieit.
    co!umcn B

    Manilius
    Mani1 .. Fici"
    Ficin ... B
    ,,,, " uioni
    OD cardinali Wlltem
    a.\lItem p]urimam
    plurimam

    Ep.6,
    . 6, . Mattiliu.
    atiu. Flcinu.
    Flcin ... , im
    Boaita
    Boaiu vOn
    B'''ariona
    B' ..ariona In
    " CaluUlniatotem
    CaluDiatem PI&f'I&.
    tonis, feiert
    toDis,
    felert ,n
    in ...... er AlltwOrt
    Antwort suf
    auf Oett
    dett vQI'hergeheodeu.
    vohergde.oeu. Brie:f
    Briet di"",
    diese Leistung IDit
    mit ....h .....
    benden Wortell.
    Worten. Bel:eiehnend
    Be:eiehnend fD.r
    .. die
    de noch "lritlhe
    unltritlxhe Auffusung
    Auffassung di_
    diesel Platonikers
    Platoniken
    Mt.
    ". d&6
    <1&6 Cf
    c< die venc:hnttet<o
    venc:hnttet.. Weiabrit
    Weabo:it Plat"". bei
    be P1otin
    Plot".
    ..., PDphyrit1S.
    Pophyris. }&JDblicm.
    }&JDb1ich08 ulld
    und
    Ptokl
    ......
    iedet in
    n rein.,..
    Fon ffndet.
    e .... do"
    " -.e;B
    """8"'" d&fl
    d.fl .,..
    Prokl..
    '."eder
    reiner Form
    indet. Be
    -.eiB er Zn
    er dio
    die PhiloPhil0sophie
    sophe Pla.too,
    Pla.to, n&ehdem
    &ehden in
    "eucrer
    neuerer Zeit
    Ze gewisse
    (wie N""hteuI
    N""hteul .... sie
    gflSChmlht
    gflSChnl.ht h
    haben,
    ..bn, VOll.
    !.
    neue", si.
    neuero
    &, g'l.,uend_
    g.n~end_ Gold
    GoIo herausg_teUt habo.
    habe. Der
    De Gegner habe
    b du
    d.as Verdienst, durcll
    orcl
    en .. Unverstand
    entand eirI
    ng..-..gt 2U
    211 haben
    _be...
    seinen
    eiQ oo!ch
    lOlch UJIaterblch""
    uJIaa"blich"" Werk ..
    a.,geregt
    berlieferung
    ()bcrlef.ru"g ; Ro
    Rom
    ... , Cod . Vat. lat.
    Jat. 3399, fol.
    l. 260-261. _ Dru
    Druck
    c kau
    .. usg
    s gabe,,:
    .. be,,:
    EpistoJae
    Epstolae M&rsilii
    Marsilii FiciQi
    Fci Florentini.
    FlOrtDtiD;. I 13.
    t3. Per
    Pe:r AntoniulD
    lD Kt1berger,
    berger, ''.91
    .91 (H&in
    (HaiD ' 7061),
    foJ. 7. - Malvad"
    Ma!v ... I",, ComP"IldiO
    ConP<'I!dio n<>rico
    atico della
    dell. bui!c&
    oe' XII
    l Apoetoli. Roma
    Ron .. 166,.
    builie& de'
    166$. Eine
    ; deuQche
    deuQ:h. Vbeaeuun8"
    ()beneuUrIr bei
    beI Kar!
    .... M
    Mari<graf
    .. rl<gral VOQ
    "VO M
    .
    o tlterlola
    .. (PlI.
    (~. f(lr
    . .. Kar!
    at Paul
    PsuI

    ). Briefe 0_
    MediceerJcreiac . Berlin.
    BerJiD 1926,
    . $.
    ,.
    Ha
    ue).
    d"" Mediceerlcreiacs.
    '926, S. II

    .. ,

    EPISTOLAE
    EJ>I$OLAE .

    mysteria exactissima discussione velut igne


    gne aurum purificarentur. Venerunt iam saecula, Bessario, Cluibus
    ~uibus et Platonis gaudet numen et o~
    no~
    omnes eius famma
    famlia summopere laetamur.
    Libri tui, dici non
    potest, quanto eum
    cum desiderio atque admiratione
    !iab
    Jiab omnibus legantur. Fit saepe, ut inter legendum exclama.ntes
    excIamOJltes audiamus; 0 rem miram, 0 exceIIentem!
    excellentem! Et
    quod vix:
    : credibile existimes.
    una ab omnibus adversarius maxime commendatur, quod imprudens B
    261
    atque impudens causam dederit,
    ut tarn
    m di
    divinurn
    vinum opus et immortalitate
    dignum humanum genus hab,ret.
    habret. Va}e.
    Vale.
    10
    Florentiae.
    66. B'IenJllpLw"Y
    ,_ KllpSl"Yl.U;
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    Obe rlieferung' Flor"n~.
    Fl onn~. BibI.
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    546

    BESSARIONIS

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    .xe.r. l"
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    6 f

    .
    Xof. 15
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    l<>'. W 1tp6.ncw.
    1t6.n:\.
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    oDJ.~ x.cd
    &~ -ri'
    i<; lcpa<;
    irYf'.h~ <p1),<>O'O<p(CU;.

    a,a

    67, Bessarloll
    Bessarlon C.rdln.lIs
    C..I
    .
    All P.ulum
    P.u!m Pontlllnm
    Pontllleem Mallimum
    MaJlmm
    De EITere
    EITQfe Paschatis.

    Non

    resuuectoni5 Pasehate
    Paschate cele-1lO
    cele-I!
    dubium est, beatissjme pater, in resurrectionis
    brando errorem
    bra.ndo
    eorem aliquando committi, nonnumquam octo dierum,
    d.ierum, quandoque unius mensis et amplius,
    amp1ius, ut hoc anno I470
    470 eveniet
    evenet .. Hoc tamen
    tarnen
    raro accid.it.
    accidit.
    Duabus de causis eITor
    error exsistit;
    exsistit: alten
    a1tera ex lunationibus,
    lunatonbus, a1tera
    altera ab
    a.equmoctio.
    sancti patres nostri Pa.scha
    Pascha nostrum celebrari volu- 2$
    aequmoctio. Nam sa.ncti
    erunt: primo. post aequinoctium veris;
    vers; secWldo, post quartumdecimum
    diem primae lunae post aequinoctium vemale; tertio, non
    eum
    cum Iudaeis;
    quarto, die
    de dominico post Iudaeorum Pascha. Quae oroma
    omnia ut rite sersef-

    1 &.m: B
    V
    D u.
    La ...
    ..."...
    "... ~ L J 1 1<O~t.
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    s..

    8
    M
    S ..".,os<"~:
    ".,os<ri~#o: B
    3,,
    ......
    ';01,
    OI1, Episcopus
    Epscopus So.blDUII, c;&r(lina&
    ;&r(na& Nie&ell1Ul
    Nie&eDIUI &C patriArclla
    potrArcla
    Con.
    CoD.tutiDOpolJtaDUS.
    tIultiDopolltaDUS. ad
    _d Paulum poDtiIicen
    poDtiIicem maximum
    maxirulD de enM"
    "" Pu
    p. ,..bati.
    cbati,1.

    Ep.
    . 67. Be s
    u ._rioD
    arlon e:n)rten
    e:rrte" dem Pape.t,
    Papst, ..... hn:h~D'i"
    hneh~in'lcb
    b auf
    _uf eine
    "n" AnfnLge
    Anfn.ge b.in.
    die
    we laJacbe
    laJa:be Oster-Oste- und Jahr... ben:bD1>DJ.
    benc:bn1>DJ. Gleich.teitig
    Glei:h.teitig macht
    ma:M ......
    .... auf
    1>f d ie Schwioria:l;elt
    Sch.,i~keltoa
    aufme:rk"m,
    a1'fme:rh.m, die
    .. . icb
    Cb a1"
    _1'0 eiDem Deuen
    DeueD Ka.lend
    KaIend .... ".gt.ben.
    erg.ben.
    Obetlider1'llg
    ObetlefetuIg ; Ve" e dig. Cod. Muc.
    Marc. lat.
    Jat. of91,
    i91, fo1.
    fot. J .. Druckau
    Drucl:a1' s lab",,
    gabe,, :: A.
    . M.
    .
    Zallett;.
    Z"Ietti.
    Latina
    Latna et ltalica
    ltalica. D . Marci B ibliothcc:a
    ibliothcu IDsD1'Kriptonlln
    maDu8Criptorun . Venetiis
    V.netis 'UI,
    I]ofl,

    p ..

    196-198 -

    .. Pa
    PG 161. 675-678.
    Mil""

    547

    EPISTQLE.
    EPlSTOLAE.

    ventur apertaque sint et cognita vel Hs,


    is, qui scientiae astronomicae
    astronomcae non

    sunt pet,
    periti, tabulam quandam sive canonem ediderunt, in
    quo singutis
    singulis
    annis reperitur ma
    prima post acquinoctium OPP05itio
    oppositio lunaris, quo tempore debet esse Pascha Iudaeorum
    Iudaeorom ac dies septimanae, in
    quem cadit
    :)eiusmodi
    )eusmd lunae oppositio, ac deinceps
    denceps dies dorninicus,
    dominicus, quo Pascha
    nostrom celebrari
    nostrum
    celebra oportet, quod U5U
    usu evenit per calculationem
    ca1culationem 19 annorum lunarium.
    lunaum . Veteres nam astronomi lunam 19 annorum spatio ad
    idem signum
    sgnum eircurnagi,
    circumagi, unde incepit, existimarunt. Nititur praeterea
    hae(: tabula opinione i1la
    hal!(:
    illa de aequinoctio, quod scilicet vemale a-equiaequiJO noctium 300 annorum
    Marti fieri
    { oontinannorom intervallo eodem die mensi5
    mensis Martii
    contingeret. Quorum neutrum verum
    verurn est.
    !(:
    tarnen mirandum,
    mirandurn, si
    51 tanti
    tant viri
    in
    eiuscemodi re
    Iapsi
    tapsi sunt.
    Ne(: tamen
    Narn etsi
    Nam
    et5i astronomi vetere5
    veteres eam scientiam optime tenuerint,
    tenuet, tamen
    tarnen non

    attigerunt veritatem
    vetatem omnem motus eaelestis,
    caelestis, non
    sua quidem ignorantia
    15
    Ii decepti, sed rerum caelestium
    caelestum natura superati. Astronomia
    Astronornia enim, cum
    curn
    non
    plane veritatem
    vetatem assequatur,
    a-ssequa-tur, sed propius accedat,
    aceedat, ut philosophi
    affirmant, quo plures observationes ca-elestium
    caelestium motuum
    motuurn complectitur,
    a-ffirmant,
    eo magis
    ma.gis per illorum
    illorurn comparationem
    compa.rationem ad
    a-d verita-tem
    veritatem tendit. Qua
    Qua- de causa
    ca-usa
    poste
    posteri propius semper
    semer accesserunt,
    a-ccessennt, eum
    cum plures habuerint observationes.
    20 Etenim Ptolernaeus,
    Ptolema-eus, astrorum scientia eruditis5imUS,
    eruditissirnus, qui pm
    primus eam
    ea-m
    absolute tradidit, a-ugem
    augern (!) solis
    sols immobilem
    immobiIem esse puta-vit.
    putavit. Quem
    Quern ta-men
    tarnen
    posteriresmve
    posterioresmoveri sentiunt. Velut sphaera
    sphaera. non
    erratica
    ea.tica movetur. Quod
    verurn est. Eandem
    verum
    Ea-ndem praeterea sphaeram
    spha-eram Ptulemaeus
    Ptolemaeus
    uno gradu rnoveri
    mve
    ait annis eentum
    centum ab ocddente
    occidente in
    orientem ; poseres
    posteriores veropaucioribus.
    veropaucbus.
    2J Idem et in re,
    , de qua agitur. Quamvis antiqui lunam incipientem
    2:J
    prima
    anno, verbi gratia a m
    aetis, postea expleto 19. anno iterum

    primo gradu arietis,


    ad idem signum reverti putavent
    putaverint , non tamen verum est; na-m
    nam 76. a-nno
    anno
    deerit
    deet ei una omnino quarta
    quarta- pars
    pa.rs diei ad idem ncum
    principium attingendum,
    ita
    ita-
    ut 303 annis unius diei spatio sit adfutura.
    a-dfutura.
    30
    lnde
    Inde nimirum
    nirnirum error
    manavit de Paschate nostro pr
    per tota-m
    totam nonnumquam septimanam. Fadmus
    Facimus nam Pascha una septimana tardius,
    qua in
    re
    error
    est, qui ex aureo numero provenit; nam lunationes istas
    sequitur. Ad haec nos a.gimus
    agimus annum secundum Romanorum
    Romanomm consuetudinem diemm
    dierum 365 ac unius quarti, ita ut quartus annus semper dies
    3li
    311 366 comprehendat. Unde bissextus deducitur, et
    inde solaris annus, at
    verus non
    sit tantus, sed major 300. vel
    ver 200. unus
    uDius diei pa.rte.
    parte. Propterea
    vel
    l 300. quoque anno, vel
    ! 200.,
    ut iuniores acutius intellexerunt,
    intellexennt, aequinoctium uno die retrocedit. Ex
    quo evenit, ut in
    Paschate nostro error
    er
    sit unius aliquando mensis et
    amplius,
    amplus, ac mense post celebremus Pascha,
    ~O quam deberemus, quemadmodum
    quernadmodum hoc anno. Id tamen
    tarnen raro accidit.
    Quare planum est aurei nUmeri
    numeri ac lunationum
    lunationurn istorum I9
    9 annorum
    annomrn
    veterem ac perpetuam observationem causam
    causa.m esse huius inveterati er via ac regula discedendum. At si quis
    roris. Idcirco ab iis et eomm

    ".

    '"

    BESSARION J S
    $

    huic rei apte consulere vetit.


    velit. oportet ut calculct denuo istas lunationes,
    iunationcs,
    novamque tabulam conficia.t,
    conficiat, per quam aeque doct i atque indocti Pascha repenant.
    repeant. Sed non
    diu erit
    utiJs.
    utilis. Nam post annum 300. run;us
    ru~us
    uno die errabit, el

    eodem modo
    deinceps.
    deineeps.
    Erit pra.eterea
    praeterea admodum difIicile,
    difIicJe, ut Christianis omnibus cuiusque 5
    nationis
    nationS Cl
    sectae hoc sit cognitum. Hoc
    nam tempore
    cuncti Christiani
    nationis oronis,
    nationi$
    omnis, sectae cl
    ha.eresis
    haeresis de Paschatis die conveniunt, codemque die omnes celebrant, quod pulchrum ct
    honestum est. Si vero
    veTO muroulabitur,
    tabitut, im
    l non
    re<:ipient.
    redpient. et
    ct sequetur confusio,
    ut aliis
    alis ChristiatIis
    Christianis ieiu
    nantibus alii
    ali paschaIbus
    paschalibus gaudiis indulgeanr,
    indulgeant, ac hhomines,
    omines, etsi non
    caca-W
    1&
    tholiei omnes, tamen
    tholici
    tarnen a Christo Domino appellati, variis diebus
    debus Pascha
    ~Iebrent. Mandare
    MandaTe praeterea, ut Christiani lunationes sequantur, ac
    prima die dominico post primam oppositionem
    primo
    oppositonem lunae, factam JXst
    post
    aequinoetium vemale, Pascha faciant, difficile erit, praesertim rerum
    aequinoctium
    caelestium ignari. Quisnam
    Qisnam in
    vicis parvisque oppidis, ubi non est doc-lS
    dOC-
    torum hominum copia, scire posset quando erit
    torom
    novilunium,
    noilunium, quando
    quid difficilius
    difficilus est et magis varium, qua.ndo
    quando sit aequioppositio ? Aut
    noctium? Errabunt omnes et dissentient.
    dssentient . Praeterea hic error
    nihil
    nihl mali
    affert. Cum enim in
    Paschate celebrando quattuor sint servanda, !
    ut
    dictum est:
    ut fiat
    Hat post aequinoctium vernale; pos!
    post primum
    prirnum pleni- 20
    lunium pos
    post taie
    tale aequinoctium; non cum
    curn Iudaeis ; die dominico post
    Pascha Iudaeorom,
    Iudaeorum, omnia haec aut certe magis necessaria
    necessara per hanc
    tabulam servantur, et
    quamvis erremus
    m!) ceIebrando
    celebrando Paschate nonnumquam tardius aIiquibus
    aliquibus diebus, tamen
    tarnen hic
    11C errar
    Q facit
    facH nos
    os diligentius servare tertiarn
    tertam conditionem,
    conditonem, quae admodum necessaria est,
    ut sciJicet
    sciJcet non
    ~
    cum
    curn Iudaeis celebremus.
    celebrernus. Tanto enim magis ab illis discedimus, quanto
    tardius agimus. Itaque nihil immutandum
    imrnutandurn videtur ob eas rationes, quae
    supra commemoratae sunt.
    68. BessarJon
    BSIo CardlnaIis
    Cardlnalls

    IHustrissimis
    IH ustrissimis atque Inclytis
    Inc1ytis
    !tallae
    Itallae Ptlnclplbus_
    Cum Nonis Sextilibus,
    Sextilbus, illustrissimi principes, infelicissimum illud
    iJlud
    novum Euboicae eversionis ad nos
    !> m
    primum allatum
    aJlatum fuisset essemque
    essernque
    supra, quam dici potest,
    respirandi
    potest. animo anxius atque sollicitus,
    ut vix
    causam viderer habiturus, accidit forte fortuna, ut eo
    ipso die,
    die. dum 3:i
    3li
    Ep
    .68. Jl
    B ..prions
    qrions W i dmung such
    schreiben
    reiben 111
    ~II oeinen
    oe .... RfI<len "egen
    gegen die Ttltken
    TtIo""
    _ die Ftlnten
    J.,he
    .
    an
    FUten lI talien. VOTQ
    YOTQ J
    .. hre rHO.
    OberIieferung:
    berlieferung: Rom. Cod. v.t.
    Vat. lat.
    I.t. 3)56.
    3)86. fot
    19"- 20; Bibi.
    Angelica,
    hngelca, Cod. '377.
    '371.
    101.
    10.16",6"- '7. - DruekauIgaben:
    Druekanlgaben: Romae. in
    n r.odib
    r.cdibuo
    ... F .... nci.ci
    ncisci F'riscianonsi.
    Priscanonsi. Floren_
    Floen_
    tjoi
    _557. apud Antonium
    AtonIn Bbdi"m.
    .6 . 647 (fehlerhoit).
    tini Ij4j.
    Ij43. - Ro",.e
    Romae '587.
    Bladi"m. - M igne.
    i"ne, PG 16
    ltalieni$<:he
    tale$:he U
    O benlet~ung
    benlet~lIng von Filippo
    Filppo Pigofetta.
    Pigofetta, VMe.ia
    VMe.a '573
    '573.. 1)8
    )8 . Firen'c
    Fen,c 'j<J.4.
    Ij<J.4.

    EPISTOLAE.

    54.

    ita essem afJtus, abbatis euiusdam


    cuiusdam viri
    optimi
    m Bessarionis litteras
    litte;as a
    Nea.poli,
    Neapoli, ubi nunc
    nune monasterio Sancti
    Sanet! Severini e" consortio beatae lIuustioae est praeftus, aeceperim,
    stinae
    accepem, quibus ad me scribebat maiestatem
    rcgiam miro quodam animi studio ad propugnationem
    regiam
    propugnationcm ehristianae
    christianae fidei
    atquc inflammatam
    5 et immanissimi hostis nostri interitum ardentem atque
    esse.
    cssc. IlIis
    Illis mox respondi et, 11t litteras meas eelsitudini
    celsitudini regiae ostende:i"et,
    ostenderet,
    monui. Duas praeterea orationes pro tantae rei magnitudine ac periculis
    ehristiaoae
    christianae reipul1lieae
    reipuuJcae imminentibus edidi. Altera demonstratum est
    fortunam
    m periculaque ista ad omnes per
    pertinere.
    tinere. Alters
    Altera VOS,
    5 , Itali!le
    Ita1ioe opJO
    timi principes, ad eoneordiam
    concord.iam bellumque
    bel]umque in hostes decemendum cohortatus sum.
    sumo Id enim
    entm meo oonvenire of!icio
    officio .
    putavi. At
    eum
    cum facilius
    auditores persuaderi soIeant,
    soleant, quo
    gravior auctoritas
    auetoritas et fides dicenti
    dieenti tribuitur, Demosthenis philosoph i nobilis.simi
    nobilissimi summique oratoris
    orationern, quam in
    nem,
    eius generis causa habuit, graeca
    graeea lingua
    Ingua in
    latinam con1l)verti,
    tl)verti, plane ut omnes intelligant me neque inutilia nequeamplissimorum virorum opinionibus sliena
    aliena consulere. Es
    Ea omnia vobis mittenda
    censui, ut aut ipsi legatis, cum per publica negotia, quae multa quidem
    et gravia sunt, Iicuerit,
    Iieuerit, aut
    aliis legenda atque referenda tradatis. Sunt
    enim cunctis
    cuncts vobis principibus communia,
    comm, qui,
    , !
    ut feliciter huic
    huie nobi20 lissimae provinciae praeestis, ita ut in posterum felicius eam regatis, et
    UOS
    os optamus,
    optarnus, et vos
    os conan
    conari debetis.
    debets.
    Bessan (aflll1UllIs
    69. Bessarion
    Cafllitullls
    Christophol"G
    ChfIstophoJ M.
    Mauro
    uro
    Venetorum Duci.

    Redditae mihi hodie fuerunt litterae


    ltterae sublimitatis tuae, illustrissime B
    2Q
    princeps, quae licet
    Iicet renovannt
    renovarint mihi dolorem pauIo
    paulo ante susceptum et
    vulnus
    uInus refricuerint,
    refrcuent, admonuerint etiam periculorom christianae
    christanae reipuanimos mulblicae imminentium et ad e"citandos nostrorum principum animoo
    bIicae
    m quadam facundia hortatae swt
    sint,, nihil tamen
    tarnen novi

    tis rationibus et mira


    20 B
    S"p't>JmpitJ:
    s"p,,..trip,, : fj
    H"'".yio
    "',.yio Cafdinali.
    Cafdinalis Nicaenus ;"dyt
    jn<:Iyt o Venet<><u""
    Vo"et.,..u", dud
    duei ehr;(;
    $tophoro Mauro
    aa1ute",.
    wute",.
    .69. Der Brief
    Bief staml1lt
    ata.mrnt aus
    ,". det
    d .. , z..it
    .. oacb.
    d~ E
    Erob,nog
    voo Ch.Utis
    <.; .uf
    Eba
    Ep.69.
    nach der
    rob/mlns von
    auf EubOa
    dun:h
    dut"Ch die T ll
    II .rken
    ken (12.
    ( 12. Juli
    JuH 'i70).
    'HO). Bp"?ioo
    erinoert
    e.-;oo~t den Dogen C r i.toforo
    istoforo Moro
    .0
    ao
    Kinen
    diesbezliglicheo
    diesb.gcbe Brief. deo
    den er ..n den Abt
    bt Bess.rion
    Beu arion von
    S. Severino
    Seve,;no in
    NupoI
    Nupool
    geric:ll.tet
    geic:htet "nd
    lind von
    on dem er
    an
    eine.. Abs<.hrift .uw
    .u<:b. dem Dogen haboo
    habe :<ugehen
    "ugehen !&$sen.
    la$sen. De-r
    Knig
    nig VOn
    .. N""pel
    N""peI aei.
    ari. seitdem
    eitdem er
    von
    der S&chl&ge
    S&cl!&g: Kenntni.
    . erhalten
    ~balten haboo.
    habe. fl1r
    fll. d;'
    Abwe hr der
    de r Tllrken
    TIIrken hdI
    hdl begeister1.
    begeistert. D
    Den
    .. n Bericht
    BeicI ,,\1&
    &11& N""pol,
    N""pel. den ".
    er beilege. btte
    bitte ....
    mit
    ni Oberleguog
    Oberlegung zu
    l lesen.
    eseo. _ Eotweder
    Eot:weder fehlt ;n
    in dem vodu'genden
    vorl:genden Schreiben
    s.:r"ibeo der ScbJ."B,
    ocI..,.. ...
    "" ist
    led4!:lich
    ledi!:Jicb ... t..
    .. Vorwor1
    Vorwort '"" dem mitllbenandten
    mitIIbenanden Brief
    Briel Ion
    . deo
    den Aht
    B ,.,ar;oo
    T arion
    geda.ebt.
    ged.cl>t.
    Der bsbe
    Dor
    bishe.- noch ungedruckte Brief ist
    1$ Ilberli<lfer1:
    Ilberli<lfert: R om"
    o"". Cod. V
    .. t.
    . ta.t.
    I..t. 5356.
    fOI.
    ~o--20 v
    v..

    550

    BESSARIONIS
    BE$SARIONIS

    animo meo
    roeo attulerunt. Quantum enim molestiae maerorisque paulo
    panJo ante
    ex a.cerbissimo
    acerbissimo illo
    captivitatis Euboicae nuntio
    nUtio et Chalcidis intemi
    ntemi
    cionis accepissem.
    accepSSem. quantamque
    immnere Christianorum cervicibus per.
    quantarnque imminere
    perniciem praevidissem, facile tua celsitudo intelJigere poterit meis ad
    Bessarionem monachum littens,
    Htteris, quarum exemplar ad te misi. Nam $
    eurn
    cum pridie Nonas SextiJes
    Sextiles infelicissimum illud
    i11ud novum ad nos pirno
    primo
    allatum {nisset,
    fusset, essemque supra, quam dici potest, animo anxius atque
    solJicitus
    sollictus et vix
    respirandi causam viderer habituros,
    habiturus, accidit forte fortuna,
    ut eo ipso die, dum ita
    essem affectus, eius
    eins viri
    ex Neapoli, ubi
    nune monastcrio
    nunc
    monasterio Sancti
    Sncti Severini ex consortio
    consorto beatae Iustinae abbas est 10
    B
    20" praefectus, litteras
    ltteras acceperim. quibus ad me
    roe scribebat maiestatem
    regiam miro quodam animi fervore
    ferore ad propugnationem christianae
    chStianae fidei
    et
    ct lmmanis!;imi
    immanissimi hostis nostri ultonem
    ultionem ardentem atque inflammatam esse.
    !) mox respondi et,
    ,
    ut litteras meas celsitudini regiae
    g ostenderet, moIllis
    nui,
    , cuius ille
    il1e suasu ad me, quae dixi de regio
    ego animo, scripserat. Eas, 15
    quaeso te,
    tc, ut a-equo
    aequo animo legere velis. Sunt enim
    enm christianis principnci
    pibus omnibu5
    omnibus communes.
    70. Bessariotl
    Bessaiotl tar410aUs
    tar41naUs
    Besarlonl
    BesartonI
    Monacho atque Abbati SaIutern
    Salutem .

    Deploranti nuper mihi Christianorum hominum calamitates et aoeracerDepIoraf1ti


    eversionem litterae
    Iitterae abs te redditae fuerunt,
    fueuf1t,
    bissimam Chaicidis
    Chalcidis Euboicae eversiof1CJn
    quibus cum ea legissem, quae dc
    de regiae maiestatis animo
    studioque
    in
    non
    nOf1 mediocri
    : ad fidem
    lidern Christi tutandam perscripsisti, collegi pau1uIum
    paululum
    mentem et respiravi,
    respirai, coepique
    coepque optare vehementer,
    ut re praestet, quod25
    verbis ipsum promisisse affirmas.
    affrmas. Sed, f10S
    nos infelicesl
    infeHcesl Vereor, ne
    crimicrlminibus nostris ab immortali Deo deserti crudcliora
    crudeliora praeterea et graviora
    patiamur, demum percunctando, alter alterum exspectando.
    exspectando, culpam in
    alios reiiciendo
    reicief1do ad ultimam labamur perniciem. 0
    miseros Christian.osl
    Christianosi
    o caecos Italos!
    halos!
    30
    Accelerandum est.
    est, Bessario.
    Bessario, ut vel
    l ex hoc saeculo
    ;.acculo Deo voiente
    volente
    in
    aliam aliquam reg)OJlflll
    regOJ!fln
    migremus in aevum illud sempitemum veI
    2 in-..icioni.
    Jl.-.cn. snp.;
    scrip. ; inWnic!nnem
    inWnic!onem B

    I 9

    viri
    iri

    JB

    t>4d. litt.,.....
    IttlU.

    Ep.
    . 10. l>ff
    De Brief. abgefallt
    ab@:efa6t ('410)
    (1.111.) nach der
    dcr Eroberung
    ErobcruDg EubOu
    Etlb dnrcb
    dnrch die
    do Tark
    Ta rk .... ,
    schildert die kis:h~
    tIIrkiseh~ Gefabr uDd
    und will fOr
    dereo
    den:D Abwehr wcrbeD.
    werben. Vnrbcreitet
    Vorbereitet wurde
    wude
    da. Scbreiben
    daa
    Schreiben im
    m ZusammeDbang
    Zusammenhang mit
    ", B-"sriQIU.
    B .. - ariu. o...tion.,. ad pri>dpe
    prindpeA lt,!ioe.
    U_li ...

    "Oberliefuung:
    QberIiefeung: Rnm.
    Rom. Cod. Vat.
    _. 1st.
    lat. ,,~6 fot
    . 20
    211. ",,-24;
    " -2 4; Cod. Vat.
    _. 1at.
    tat. 3386
    3386;;
    Angelica.
    ADgelca. Cod. '371
    t371 fot
    nl. 17-211..
    17-20. - Druck_",sgabeD:
    Drueka"'agaben: Romae 13'7,
    r~'7, .".
    4". - BMsaBibI.
    rionill
    <nni o...tinll""
    o...tiOll"" graviSlimi.
    g_vi .. imi. de pericula
    perieuu. &d.
    ad. piDcipe
    priDcipeA Italiae.
    Itallae . Romu, ;11.
    in aedihu.
    &edihus F _
    cis<:i PrilcjooIj.
    Migne PG '61,
    ,, ~8--~1
    eisei
    Prilcioni. Flnreotini
    Florentini 'S43. _ )![igne
    ~8---6~1 (Iebl
    (lebI ....bah).
    b&h).

    EPISTOLAE
    E-PI$TOLE ,

    ,.,
    55'

    advolernus.
    advolenus. NOD
    Non exspectemus
    exse::temus certe Turcum Italiam
    Ita1iam invadentern.
    inadenten . Huc
    spectat,
    se::tat, crede mihi, hoc agit, ad hoc se comparat, hoc
    hc; conatu omni
    et
    studio contendit. Et dicam? Dicam plane, - proh doIor
    dolor - assequetur
    as~equetur
    quod cupit, nisi
    ItaIia
    Italia tandem aliquando resipiscat, nisi a somno capitali,
    11 quo pauIatim
    paulatim exstinguitur, expergiscatur, nisi COucors
    concors atque
    uno concosensu fortiter totisque viribus
    iribl!S tanto furori resistat, nisi omissis figmen!;, causis, quas iactare soIet,
    solet, ut iustae
    iu~tae videantur,
    ideantur, inani verborum fueo,
    co,
    tis,
    re ipsa, opera, armis
    armi~ cmds
    crucis hostes
    hootes adoriatur. Versabatur
    Versabatu r olim in discrimine Byzantium.
    By:antIum. Nu11a
    Nulla Italiae prs
    pars misit subsidia, rern
    ren a1ienam
    alienam puta10 bant,omnes. Periculum
    Perieulum ad se non
    pertinere falso
    fa1so eredebant,
    credebant, Atqui
    postca senserunt,
    senseInt, quot mala experti
    expert sunt,
    ~, quot Christianorum fortunae,
    TUTCOrum dominationem redacta: Trapezuntiorwn,
    Trapezuntiorun,
    opes, imperia in Turcorum
    Sinopensium, )fityleneorum,
    1ltylenoorum , Peloponnesiorwn,
    Peloponnesiorun, Cariae, Ciliciae, Mysiae,
    Mysae,
    Pannoniae inferioris, Epirotarum, Illyricorum
    Illyrieomm magna ex parte, po16 stremo Euboicorum. Quid ita? Quia
    :!, noluerunt
    noIuerunt quinquaginta milium
    aureorum sumptu
    ~umptu in tempore opituIari
    opitulari Byzantio
    By:ao et ab ea communem
    hostern propulsare. lode
    hostem
    Inde nimirum haec omnia ivere perditUD1,
    perditum, et tamquam ovilis
    oi1is foribus confractis
    confraetis lupus in
    oves
    o~ impetum fecit intra eanun
    eamm
    latera versatur,
    ersatur, insultat, eaed.ibus
    caed.bus furit et
    tamen
    tarnen eorum,
    oorum, quae amisimus.
    amismus .
    centies millenis milibus
    milibu~ non
    imprudenter emeretur, im2Ounumquodque eenties
    mo vero
    ro numero infinjto
    infinito quinquaginta milia superat.
    ~uperat . Quid
    Qud nobis euro
    cum
    Graec!;?? Quid eum
    cum Myss.
    Mysis. Illyricis, Pannonibus ? Pereant, inquiunt.
    Graecis
    Quid nobis? Nobs
    Nobis bene sit.
    ~it. Intereant alii.
    al.
    Huc ades, bone vir,
    , ita siquidem
    ~iquidem libertas
    lberta~ tua
    :!, servari poterit. At

    2ti
    intelligis tuis viribus
    iribus tuae enim Christianorum vires
    ires sunt 211 non
    tuis
    tus inquam exhaustis viribus
    iribus tanto te
    imbecilliorem et inferiorem fore,
    quanto hostis tuus
    tUllS superior ac
    ae potentior evadet, cum quo tandem tibi
    dimicandum est. Satis enim videberis ab hoste impetrasse, si quod
    Polyphemus Ulyxi, ut est in
    fabulis, tibi
    tbi dederit, ut ultimus conficiare.
    confieiare.
    30 Tibi vel
    invito
    inito credendum
    cedendum erit et servitus
    seitus subeunda, quae, eum
    cum per se
    turpis sit, tamen
    tarnen conditione domini est turpissima. Obsessa est Chaltis
    ChaIcis
    in Euboea, urbs quondam florentissima, unde Cumas in
    Campania
    Campania. dedueta est colonia, unde homines manarunt, qui Neapolim ineoluerunt.
    ducta
    incolueunt.
    capta,
    ca.pta, eversa,
    rst., ferro
    feITO ignique consumpta. C1assis Turcorum
    Tureorum ampIissima
    amplissima
    vi
    35per totum Hellespontum vagatur.
    agatur. Fugatus navalis
    navals Venetorum exerexeJ'dtus,
    citus, aufugit, cedit loco, latitat. Turd
    Turci vietoriae
    ictoria.e furorem
    furorern superbissimum in
    omnes insulas
    insuJas iUas
    illas debacchantur, avertunt
    a.vertunt omnem ordinem.
    oIen.
    aetatem,
    aetaten, sex:um in
    pra.edam,
    praedam, vastant agros, depopulantur. Quid ad nos ?
    Venetis eurae
    curae sit. Recte eum
    cum iis actum est. Utile esset, si gravioribus
    graioribus
    "0
    <&0 incommodis
    ineommodis conflictarentur. Quietius ceteri et
    securius viveremus.
    vlveremus. Tanturn otio nostro
    tum
    no~tro accedit, quantum illis imperii demitur. Si quis est, qui
    maUs istis
    malis
    isti!> ingemiscat, is Venetus est, Venetorum
    Venetonm partibu~
    partibus favet, non

    est audiendus, contemnendus est. 0 turpe;III


    turpelu hominum ignorantiam,
    igtorantiam,

    652

    ESSARIONIS
    BESSARIONIS

    o vecordiam, 0 insanabile
    insanabiIe odium, 0 inimicitias stultas et
    inaudita5,
    <15, quae in
    auctorum viscera
    iscera saeviunt. quamvis in
    a.lios
    alios susceptae
    videantur!

    Yeni.
    . Bessario, fugiamus simul. Proximus tu
    es periculo,
    perleulo, ego )
    proJcimus. Paulo enim
    post praesto erit Brundusii
    Brundus navalis Turcorum eXeJ"eXeI"- 5

    citus,
    citu5, nest
    praesto NeapoJi,
    Neapoli, praesto Romae. Iam
    ita man
    mari dominatur Venetis
    cedentibus, quemadmodum terra. Ita
    Ha istis
    55 consultantibus traiicient
    tmdent in

    Apuliam multa militum


    mlitum milia, quibus abundant. Ab iis quotidie fient
    incursiones in
    agrum NeapoHtanum.
    Romanum. Cedamu.s,
    Neapolitanum. in
    Cedamus, inquam,
    tanto turbini.
    turbinl, ne
    : nos
    nQS pariter hic opprimat. Infensi illi
    quidem sunt no-1G
    -!)
    mini rneo et
    tibi
    tbi propter me, tametsi nullo eos umquam
    urnquam affeci
    aUeci incomincornmodo aut Iacessivi, non
    sane, quia noiuerim,
    noluerim, sed quod non
    potui. Locutus sum multa,
    mnIta, eurn
    cum alibi , tum
    turn in
    senatu. Numquam destiti suadere,
    suadere.
    monere. praedicare, rogare. Non defuit voluntas, quae inimicissima illis
    monere,
    ilIis
    est . H anc acriter ulcscentur.
    ulciscentur. Veni, demus locum irae.
    15
    Hui, deIirat
    delirat Bessario, insanit senex; frigidus , timidus esI.
    es!. Profecto,
    mi Bessario, non
    insanit
    insa.nit Bessario.
    essario. Tu
    es mihi testis, cum Bononiae
    Bononae esse
    mus et adhuc PaschaIis
    Paschalis nuncupareris, atque aUatus esset infelicissimus
    iIle de urbis Byzantinae excidio nuntius, ea omnia,
    ille
    omna, quae postea consecula
    secuIa sunt, me futura
    ;!. praedixisse, non
    ea
    ea. sane de causa,
    ca.usa, quod velw
    vel20
    pn.dentia
    pmdentia excellenti veI
    vel divinationis
    divinationS furore aliquo despicerem, quae alii
    non
    cernerent,
    ceIercnt, sed quod omnibt1S,
    omnibus, qui privatIs
    privatis studiis et affectibus vacui essent, ea
    ca omnibus paIam
    palam erant
    trant et in
    promptu. Tum
    Turn sibilis
    siblis vulgi,
    vuIgi,
    honestOn.Jffi scrmonibus
    honestorom
    sermonibus explodebar.
    e:IIodebar. Judicabant dementem,
    dementem. somniis
    sornniis dediturn. Risus de me
    ditum.
    roe non
    parvus,
    ut sciS,
    seis, exc:itatus
    excitatus est. Sed tamen
    tarnen -~
    proh dolor - eveneront
    evenerunt omnia,
    ut i.x.
    praed.ixi. Caveant
    Caveant,, qui haec audiunt,
    audiunt.
    ne idem accida.t
    accidat in
    posten.m.
    posterom.

    Non timidus Bessario in


    subeundis pericuIis.
    periculis. Timidus est in

    prospiciendis. Posset adhuc inermis, monachus, senex ma.iorem
    maiorem animum
    animurn et
    prae se ferre et
    pra.e
    el praesta.re,
    praestare, quam isti persuasum habeant,
    haleant , modo christiani
    chStIani 30
    prineipes vellent facere,
    principes
    faeere, quod possunt,
    passunt, quod debent. Iret ipse in
    hostem
    eum
    cum miIitibus,
    militibus, eurn
    cum cohortibus armatis,
    armatS, cum
    curn propugnatoribUS
    propugnatoribus erueis,
    crocis,
    ita quidem instructis,
    instructS,
    ut vires,
    ut eopiae,
    copiae, ut legiones hostiIes
    hostiles postulant.
    Quid? Agitamusne ista animo eunetis
    cunctis adhuc
    adhue dormientibus,
    donientibus, dis.sidendissidentibus inter sesc, aitero
    altero alterius pemiciem optantibus et molientibus? 35
    Unusne Bessario cum altem,
    altero, senes ambo,
    ambo. incerta
    ineerta valetudIne,
    valetudine, viribus
    fraeti. areebunt
    fracti,
    a.rcebunt ta.ntum
    tantum Turci
    Turei impetum otentissImi,
    potentissimi. furiosissimi,
    furiosssimi, sanguinem christianum anhelantis?
    anheIantis? Ineptum, stultum,
    stulturn, inutiIe.
    inutile. Veni, migTemus aHo.
    gremU5
    alio. Re!inquamus
    ReIinquamU5 principibus 1taliae
    Haliae euram
    curam istam. Nam
    Narn et ilIi
    U
    nos
    os reliquen.Jnt
    reliqueront atque obaud:unt iam diu tamqua.m
    tamquam e specuIa
    specula c\amantes,",O
    cIamantes , .o
    praedicentes, proponentes ante oculos eorom pericuIa..
    pericula. Optemus tameII
    tamen
    adhuc ab immortali
    immorta1i Deo, Salvatore nostro, ut criminibus nostris
    nostrS ignoscat
    ignosca.t
    et fidem, euius
    cuius et lator
    tator fuit cl
    et auctor, quam
    qua.m ad
    a.d saecuIorom
    5aeculorom finern
    fnem num,-

    EPISTOLAE
    EPISTOLE .

    .53

    quam QCcasuram
    occasuram poJlcitus
    pollicitus in
    tantis maIis,
    malis, quae nobis curo
    curn impendent,
    turn urgent, tueatur.
    tum

    ntermttamus hortari et rogare principe~


    53.Non intermittamus
    principes nostros,
    ut ad saerorum,
    crorum, ceremoniarum, totius
    totus principatus eeclesiastici
    ecciesiastici salutem
    saIutem consilia
    consla
    liomnia
    oa conferant, laborem
    Jaborem , industriam, eogitationem,
    cogitationem, totum animum
    atque ingenium. Appellemus Siciliae
    Sicliae regem fIorentissimurn
    f1orentissimum . Rogemus,
    ut imperii sui finibus tutandis neque eurn

    curn neque opibus desit. Res ipsi


    erit eum
    cum hoste vicino et potentissimo. Consulant
    ConsuIant rebus suis Tusci, Ligures, Insubres, Veneti.
    Venet. Cogitent, qua
    quo pacto
    paeto ab hostili
    hostil saevitia
    saevita tuti
    sinto
    sint.
    tO
    NuUa
    Nulla inter oves et lupos
    Jupos gratia, nullum
    nul1um inter profanos
    profanoo homines et
    Christianos ius amicitiae est.
    Non donis, non
    muneribus pacatur hostis
    hootis
    irnmanis,
    barbarus. Nulla
    immanis, barbars.
    NuIla foederis religione tenetur perfidus, non

    movetur misericordia erude1issimus.


    crudelissirnus. Dominari, praeesse, imperare
    mperare cupit.
    Cruore et flamma cuncta delere
    sbi eunetos
    cunctos studet. Quis
    Cmore
    de1ere vu)t.
    vult. Subiugare sibi
    16 illum
    iUum a tanto victoriae eursu
    CUfSU retaf<labit?
    retardabit? Peragrabit totum Sieiliae
    Slcliae regnum. Romam usque perveniet. Quis erit impedimento? Hyperboreine
    populi et gentes remotissimae?
    popu!
    remotssimae? At
    illis
    ilIis tam
    tarn nuIIus
    nuUus harum rerum sensus
    est, quam officio alienum
    aIienum putant ro
    pro aliena
    aIiena. salute sese in
    discrimen
    dSCrimen
    offerre. Galline,
    GaUine, Britanni, Ge.rmani,
    Germani, exterae nationes? At
    procul sunt
    2(J
    2<l a periculo.
    perieulo.
    Non putant Italiam
    Italam in
    medio pericuIo
    perieulo magna rerum perturbatione versantem <*:SSare
    <*:SSa.re aut sopitam esse, quam
    qua.m infinitis paene triumphis et hostium
    hostum spoHis
    spoliis decoratam esse seiunt.
    sciun t. Italine,
    Italne , quibus hostis
    servitutern, exsilia
    imminet, quibus caedem, ferrum, servitutem,
    exsila denuntiat et ostenosteRtat? At
    nolunt,
    , negligunt, non
    possunt adduci, ut credant sese adeo
    25 propinquos esse perleulo.
    periculo. Suis viribus confidunt nimium, ut pIa.ne
    plane verendum sit, ne in
    quarn in
    suis potius, quam
    hostis finibus
    fnibus castrametari atque
    exerciturn alere
    exercitum
    aIere eogantur.
    cogantur.
    iam Bessario, petamus solitudinem
    soltudinem et deserta loca. Satis ex
    Veni iarn
    rerum
    ren.m civilium statu percepimus. Parum nobis vitae
    superest, et mmi,
    mhi,
    30 qui senior sum, et tibi, qui imbecillior. Si aliqua in
    re eonsiliorum
    conslion.m nostrorum, vocis, corporls
    corporis respublica ehristiana
    chStiana usus esset, manendum sane
    adhuc censerem,
    <:enserem, adhuc
    adhue laborandum. Ego vero iarn
    iam tot
    annis conatus,
    quoad ,
    potui, nihil
    rnea, nihil hac dignitate profec.
    hI professione mea,
    profeci. Tu,
    quamvis tui
    u ordinis hominibus prosis, pJus
    plus tamen
    tarnen proficies mecum in

    35 rebus contemplandis, ubi, si in


    desidia ista persistant Christiani, soli
    Deo vivamus et nobis
    nob.s ipsis. Alat nos, qui cae1i volatilia et bestias agri
    sua clementia
    clenentia satiat. Neque grave aut difficile
    diffCile fore arbitror divinae
    liberalitati
    liberaltati duos homunciones perquam brevi tempore, quod nobis reIiquurn est, suis opibus sustentare. VaIe.
    liquum
    Vale.

    BESSARlONlS
    BESSRlONlS

    554

    71. Bctlllrion
    Bctlllrlon C&riOnaJIs
    C&riOnaJlI
    Guilletmo
    GullIetmo PltheO.

    Reverende et doctissime
    doctSsime pater.
    pater, amice nostcr
    noster carissime, Guillermus
    Guillernus
    Baudinus, vir
    doctissimus ac magna
    rnagna nobiscum familiaritate
    farniliaritate coniunctus,
    de ingenio et doctrina vestra excellenti multa nobis narravit. Sic ex- 5
    posuit ad vos missa
    rnissa fuisse
    s!;e a Georg
    Georgii Trapenmt
    Trapenmti.i filio
    quaedam in
    n opus
    nostrum , quod de Platonica philosophia edidimus, parum aut aeque
    aut prudenter annotata, idque se ex
    vobis audiisse dicebat. Addebat
    illud
    vos de toto negotio litteras
    Iitteras ad DOS
    nos dare constituisse. Equidem
    vestro investigandae tenendaeque veritatis studio gratias ago. Quod 10
    autem
    autern vel
    Georgius vel
    filius
    il ista suscipiat ct
    meditetur,
    rneditetur, minime
    mnime miror.
    Suo enim
    enm uterque
    utcrque vitae
    itae instituto
    jIl$tituto satisfacit. Sed agant, ut volunt,
    misceant
    rnisceant mare caelo, DOS
    nos veritatem
    veritatern secuti
    seeuti et rectam
    rectarn philosophiae ra
    tjon~rn non
    tion~m
    discedemus ab officio omissa istoru.m
    istorum mentione,
    mentone, quorum
    insania et in
    Platonem maledicentia numquam
    nurnquam DOS
    nos profecto ad scriben-li
    scriben-lI
    dum magnopere oommovit.
    commovit.
    eum
    Cum olim Georgius Trapezuntius nullo iure,
    , nuUa disputandi subtilitate
    tlitate ita et in
    Platonem invectus esset et
    laudasset AristoteIem,
    Aristotelem, ut
    Deuter
    neuter vituperatione alficeretur
    aIficeretur aut laude, susc:epimus ro
    pro Platone caut S"fr..unptio:
    S"f>r..unpio:
    B"Z.rit>,
    B",.ri>. epiMlopll&
    ep.cop .... SabilleD.Wl,
    SabieW , ca.t'd;neH
    c.d;AH .. Nc,:
    N~ ...
    ....., pe.tri&rcha
    Cor.$t.o.r>.tillOPOlit."u
    Corst1o.>.topolit.pu . nrveromdo
    reermdo et doctin,rQo patri. """gistro
    """giatro Guill_<>
    (;_<> Fi<:heti. _
    __
    theol<>giu iD
    collegi<>
    coUegi<> Sorbe>
    5oroo...... Pari.til,
    Pati.tl, amico
    anic n
    nostro
    ... tro carls$imo.
    s$ioo.

    _t

    me ',
    Ep.71
    .7' ., Mit
    diesm.
    diesm Sehreiben vorn
    orn I).
    ). Deemb:r
    De~embef 1470 tn.t Beu
    .... $.'"
    nion _tm.',
    mit
    .." WllhelUl
    WilheIo Flehet
    Flc:het . Profeuor
    Pro(eor der Univenitt.t
    Unvenitt.t Paria. in B
    Be.iehung.
    ....iehung. Vennla.
    Vea"laMII"g
    llng
    d.ao
    daan hatte du Trc:ibeD
    TreibeD dd:e
    ... Georgios r.aplOz"ntio
    rnpeznntio s gegeben.
    g<:glOben. der
    dlOr eejDe
    eeIIIO $chm'hrlrilt
    $chm'hhrilt
    gegen
    riona .. In Cah.mniatorem
    Hn und
    Bege Bee'A
    Bo ,on.
    Caiumnaor... m Ptatonll"
    Ptaton" Flehet
    Fic:het hatte Clh=eiehen
    nh=ec:he .. I8'
    J. . ,.n
    u"d iD
    .
    w.t.ero"
    woit.eron K"';seD.
    K"';seD, wie
    w. bei
    bo dcu>
    dcu Enbiac:hof
    Er~bi8chof von
    on Tou
    Ton.., den Kudi
    Kudi:a!
    .... l inein
    e o.bif>l.
    nbI. Lieht
    Lc:h &e&eUt
    Ie&eUt
    batte. Um
    ... dem .
    v'1'W~g.,.,en
    rw~g.,.,e" A"gtlH
    "" die
    dB Sp,tu
    Spitu .1utneche"
    a1utnecheD,. eTi)rtert
    n ilrtert B
    r '1arIo
    narioD
    .. de"
    d~n o&h
    nAh ...."n
    Soochverbalt.
    .... 0""
    nen CornpanotiODcs
    Soc:h.,..balt. Georgios
    Georgi ... habe
    Hb: mit ...
    CornpaniOD'" nicht
    uicht nur
    "" PlawP
    Pl&t<>P hc:ra.bgeeotzt.
    hc:rabgeotzt.
    sond.rn
    sondern aac:h
    ach Aristotel".
    Aristote!". ulld
    und die Peripatetik""
    Perpatetik .... samt
    umt den mittelalterc:hen
    mittelalter;.,h"" ......
    rtoteilller
    totelilleno
    nicht zu
    nic:ht
    wtlrdigen
    wtrd.gIOB vc:ratandcn.
    c:atandm. DelDg"1le"nb:r~ecktlO
    DelDg"'1lenilber~eckte ...
    e"
    in Wc:rlr::.
    Werk. Plato"
    Pl&tOD bei
    be d .... L-.teinlll1U
    tee belo&!U>uulDac:beD.
    belo&Dl>UDlDacbeD, ohne da
    dajj drutu:rc:h
    dadu:rcl Aristote!es
    Aristoteles Ahbruel:l g"""hJoh.
    ... Daraufhin
    Darauhin
    habe
    nUD Geo<gi<w
    jedoch VOD
    b: "UD
    Geoo. eine
    ee Erwiderung
    Erwden gn:hrleben.
    ge"hrieb:o. die
    d ... jedoc.t
    OD niChtawaniigeD
    nchtawadgeD Verdreh"ng""
    d...,I".ngen "nd
    IInd SchUl?l.hu"ge"
    $chor.u"g"'" erlCll1t
    erfD.llt aei. Er
    $BIber
    .!be:r h.be
    habe Ober
    b:r di_ niedilld
    nedllld Ben<Wncn
    Beneb.nm
    hinwc:ggeseben;
    eine Anthi"wc:ggese!en: aber aua
    aU8 seiner
    ae"e UUlgebung
    Uogebung habe jemand
    j"",.nd (Niecolb
    (Nic:coIb Perottil
    ) eme

    ... ort gegeben. Di_


    D_ nc:uc:
    neue Schrift
    $chri.ft beab8ichige
    beabeichtige ..... ihm tweeb
    twec:b ... .,;,WfZI
    eiee Beurtei1
    Beurte"ng
    ..ng der
    Angc:Iegenbeit
    Angc:legenbet augehc:lo
    zpbe au
    lauen.
    Iaue. Die
    D BOc:her In
    CaiuUlDiawrem
    Caiuo"at<>rem PI.tom.,
    P.Oia, die
    de ... VOD
    VOll
    Anfang ....
    Allfaag
    a d.r
    der Univ
    Ue:ntt.t
    ........ tt.t Paria vorzuIegen
    vorzulegen gedacht
    gedac:ht h.be,
    habe, ...
    ""Iell
    Ien bereits
    b:reit iUl
    Be$itl
    Bes von

    enchied.,.,,,,,
    Fr&Pkreic:h
    F&Pkeic:h tnhre"d
    ... Pen6nl.ic:hl<c:iteD
    PIOnlll.ic:hl::IOB (vgl.
    (I. Band
    Bad I
    ]8S).
    tnbund.,..
    las).
    venochied
    .... "" iD
    Obnllelert
    Obe,lIefert iat
    ist ddeT
    ..... Brief "ebst
    nebst den fo!geDden
    folgeDden Brief
    Briefeo
    .... "n
    an Fichst
    Fchet in
    ein
    einc:r
    ... alten
    ale ..
    Sammlung d".
    SammIu"g
    d .. Brief~ ~....iKheD
    ihBII Beua
    B ... s8a... ion
    i on ""d
    und Fiehu,
    Fic:het. die
    . einem
    <On.... alten
    &1110" Druck
    VOD
    riODS
    .. ad ri"c-.
    princ:ipes. de
    endo ala
    B
    riOlJS Oration
    "".
    dlO beUo
    beU" in
    .. Tun::aa
    c:aa dec:err
    dec:c:rredo
    aIa Anhang
    Anbang beibo
    gegeben ist
    iat ond
    und wahn<:blliDIkh
    wahnc:beDlic:h Fichet ...
    .elber
    Ib:r gehOrt
    ebrt hatte. Dann
    Oa nocbUlais
    nocboas 1m
    Im Cod.
    lat.
    tat. 18,91
    J8,91 deT
    d ..... N .. tioDaibibtiotheJc
    tio"albibtiothdc IU
    . Pari . Eine
    ".. e:ratlDalige
    e:ntlDatige Ausg ..b:
    be tim.te
    "<fe.N E.
    . LellnDd
    Lell, .. "d
    in
    " ......
    e".,..
    er Cent..:lix
    Cent..:lX lett
    Jett
    .... g.<ICq
    eq ...
    .... de Fr. Felfe.
    File1fe. PaN 1892,
    .892, .
    p. 82)'-22'.
    U]'-22'.

    ,n

    00".

    I!:PISTOLAI!:.
    I!:PISTOLI!:.

    '"
    '55

    sam, in
    qua et Aristotelem, quem admiramur atque ab ineunte aetate
    probavimus, praeceptorem Platonem secutum ostendimus,
    ut eum
    cum ilIe
    ille
    recte docuisse, turn
    tum hic et muIta
    multa didicisse et suo studio atque ingenio
    fecisse plura facile
    facle iudicetur.
    iudieetur. Dumque hominis ignorantiam atque tenonnurnquam et despicimus
    despicmus
    5 merarium impeturn eludimus, derridemus nonnumquam
    novam scientiam, quam ex AristoteIis
    Aristotelis fonte se soIum
    solum post bomines
    natos hausisse profitetur. Nam,
    ut ingenue fateamur , non
    magis in Platonem quam Peripateticos omnes eausam
    causam agit. Nova affert dogmata,
    neque ab AIberto
    iis gloriatur
    A1berto exposita neque a Thoma intellecta. In
    10 et
    el se iactat.
    iaetat.
    Quis, inquit , novit
    Aristotelem sensisse animam una eum
    cum corpore productam
    produetam et tamen
    tarnen in
    posterum fore eretuam
    perpetuam ?? Quis illum de
    trinitate expresse locutum ac
    ae multa, quae nihil
    hl attinet, scribere?
    Librum e(Edimus,
    e<Edimus, in
    quo ilIud potissimum nobis
    nobS propositum est
    15 efficere,
    ut Plato, ad hunc
    hune diem latinis
    Ia.tinS hominibus ignotus, nostra opera
    suarum opinionum eapita
    capita exponat, ne aut ipse alia docuisse,
    doeuisse, quam Aristoteles probavit, aut hic
    hc a PIatone
    Platone discessisse
    discessSse videatur, ut eurn conquo praeceptore diutissime usus est. Gravem sane et
    el contempserit, qua
    stantem philosophum decet utrumque amplecti, aspernari neutrum.
    20 Quicquid
    Quiequid enim discendo, excogitando,
    exeogitando, disserendo eonsequimur,
    consequimur, iIlorom
    n.m doctrina est propagatum,
    propagaturn,
    ut non tarn
    tam ineptus quam ingratus existirnandus
    stmandus sit, qui alterum laudat, alterum insectatur, eum
    cum ab utroque
    multa iUustriaque in
    rem litterariam
    Itterariam merita exstare "rideat
    videat .
    Post editam lucubrationem
    Iucubrationem nostram Georgius
    omn; privato
    private puGeorgus omni
    25 blcoque
    blicoque iure destitutus, ad ealumniam
    calumniam conversus quaedam perverse
    collegit,
    collegt, ne turpiter ab ea causa depulsus iudicaretur, quam tanto 00conatu et studio susceperat. Ea eum
    cum in
    urbe nonnullis edidisset , ad nos
    delata fuenmt.
    fuennt. Contempsimus hominis improbitatem. Nam qui opus
    leg, facile illius mendacia et garriendi libidinem deprehendit.
    derehendit.
    nostrum legit,
    90 Quidam vero ex domesticis nostris s inguIis
    ingulis eapitibus
    capitibus respondere voluit
    el inanem hominis eogitationem
    et
    cogitationem refelIere.
    refellere. Is pro sua in
    nos observantia
    atque illius
    ilHus iniquitate
    inquitate acerbius
    aeerbius nonnumquarn
    nonnumquam scripsit et calumniatorem
    ca1umniatorem
    verbis accusa"rit.
    aeeusavit. Statuimus,
    StatuUnus, quod responsum est, ad vos
    vas mitti debere,
    ne causam agat sine stultitiae suae iudice et accusatore.
    aceusatore. Cum
    Curn autem
    35 multa in
    ea essent, quae magis illum
    ilIum audire, quam nos
    os loqui decet, subduetis virgulis castigavimus.
    ductis
    castigavmus . Vos
    VOS eum
    cum legetis omnia, ea percipatis
    percipiatis diligenter velimus, et causam suscipiatis nostram apud alios istic,
    istie, apud
    aud
    quos ista fortasse pervulgata
    pervu1gata fuerint, eum
    cum propter aequitatem, quam
    hoc postulat, tum
    turn voluntate nostra, qui hoc
    boc petimus. Hoc etiam mu40 tuae amicitiae initium, quam tamen
    tarnen contraximus ob virtutern
    virtutem vestram,
    de qua multa audivimus.
    11 cf. Georg.
    Geog. Tnp.
    Tn.p. Co1nparation""
    Co1narat;on"" n
    16.
    12
    2 d.
    cf. Georg. Tnp.
    ",. Comp.
    Co.>p. 11). ...

    '56

    BESSAllJONJS
    BESSRJONJS

    Ego vero, eum


    cum opus illud editurus essem. eius eJl:effiplum
    eJ:emplum in
    sesacademiam Parisinam, ommum
    omnium doctrinarurn parentem, mittere
    roittere docreve
    Tarn.
    ram. Sed dignum Don
    putavi, quod tantae sapientiae tantisque ingeniis
    proponeretur. Tamen
    Tarnen apud serenissimum fegern
    regem SUt,
    sunt, qui habent: dominus GuiIlermus,
    GuiUermus, qui superiori anno orator regius hic fuh,
    fuit, dominus 5
    Albiensis et
    slii,
    aJi, a quibus, si placuerit, et habere et legere librum licelce
    bit. eurn
    Curn domino Turonensi de negotio imprimis loquendum.
    loquendUffi. Ille enim,
    ,
    nescio quo rumore persuasus, DOS
    > Platonem e virg:ine
    virgine natum affirma!)5e
    affirmasse
    animo perturbatus est, ut accepimus.
    accepinus. Id vero falsum
    faIsum !
    penitus deprehendet, cum
    eurn vellibrum
    vellbrum in
    manus sumet, vel
    v quod hic responsum est in-10
    -0
    telliget. Vaiete.
    Valete.
    Ex
    Urbe, die 13- Decembris 1470.
    ]:470.
    72. Bessarloll
    Ba,olI ca,IlnaIIs
    taf'ln.lIs
    GuIIIe1mo
    FleletI.
    Gullle1mo FII:hetl.

    Audimu.s non
    Audimus
    soJum
    solum in
    philosophia et sacrarum
    saerarum Jitterarum
    Jtterarum cogni- 15
    tione vos
    !; elabornsse,
    elaborasse, sed etiam in
    eloquentiae studiis
    stud.iis dicendique
    dcendique ratione
    diu versatos, eaque mirifice
    mfce dele<:tari.
    dee.::ta. Quo in
    n genere, etsi nihil
    nihl habemus, quod magnopere eaperedebeatis,
    caperedebeatis, tamen
    tarnen mittere statuimus orationes
    quasdam hoc tempore a nobis edita.s
    editas pro gravissimis pecu!s,
    periculis, quae
    Italiae
    magi.s
    magis quidem
    ut vel ser- 20
    Ita1iae Christianisque omnibus
    ornnibus imminent , non
    monis utatem
    puritatem vel orationis vim ac
    ae praestantiam desideretis, quam
    ut intelligatis,

    i ntellgatis, quanta malorum pr~lla


    procella in
    ehristianae
    christianae reipublicae
    reipubl icae capita et fortunas impendet, remque
    rernque et apud serenissimum regern
    regem et apud
    pita.
    alios, qui opem
    opern ita
    jta maxime
    maxme ferre debent,
    ut possunt, explicetis
    explieetis totam
    ae persuadeatis, quod potius acerbum
    ac
    aeerburn est quam
    quaID obscurum, non
    exar-U
    summ
    suram Italiam
    Ita1iam tant15 ma10rum
    malorum incendiis,
    ineendiis. quin flammarum gIobos
    globos 10nlongius evomat. Id ne accidat,
    aecidat, eum
    cum regnorurn
    regnorum omniurn
    omnium causa optare debent,
    S 10 .. "01 .... . C .. ufridi. cp.
    tp. AlbilIDw
    lbll.8 el
    . S. R. E.
    . card. n
    , '473)'
    '413), 1 1 ElI
    1 .. de
    Bourd .. illeo
    lJeI O.
    . Mi
    .
    ...., aep. Turtl"emi.
    Tun>nemis (f
    (I ,~8~).
    J~8~). I 8 <:I.
    <:1. Be...
    . In
    .. C
    C"I.
    ..!- Plat
    Pl.t . IV

    I,
    , I~. _
    _
    <:l
    Nieolai
    .. Per. Rriutatio
    Rnutat" delinamentorum
    delin.mentorum Georg
    Georgi Trap.
    Trap_ e.
    c_ ~8.
    ~8_
    13 S"pra.rcri,,;o:
    s"w.r,,;: B"rio,
    Breo, ~p.
    Sahnensio. cardiDaIis
    ... ;. Ne
    . patriarclu
    ~pu. Sahinensio.
    Nicaenuo.
    palriareha
    eooltantinopolltanul,
    eo..otanti.nopolitanuo, "'"erendo
    ",erdo et d""ti"imo
    do<:t;"imo _,
    patri, magi.tro
    magist"" Guillenno
    Guiller>o Fkh<tti,
    Fleheti, II&Crae
    a:rae
    theoJogiao profeuori
    colle"o
    collegio Sorbona
    Sorbon.. Parisii,
    Parisi, .mico
    ,,"to carissimo.
    caSSimo.
    professori in
    amieo nOStro
    . 72. Am
    gJekheo
    T ..ge, da
    d .. Beuari
    Be.oari o n den vorhersebenden
    Bt an
    _ .. Ficbet
    Ep.
    glelcheo Tage,
    vorhergehenden Brief
    richtoto (('3
    '3 . J>uomber
    Duomber 1470).
    "). licB
    lieB '"er ibrn
    ibm mit <IIHr
    tieHt" !rClrnnon
    IrClneno .. N'<bsclnft
    Nacbschrift ...
    oeme
    i:>.e Ol;l'
    Or;.
    t
    e
    tlor.. ad
    ~ugehen.
    Ha.do<Jrift1i<b.. Obllrlief
    ..... "g w,e
    tlODee
    &d pnn:ipel
    ptiDei""" It!je
    rUli
    ~ugehe'" Hando<.briftJiche
    Obllrliefflnll1g
    wie oben S. 'j2,
    femer:
    ferner: Turll1.
    .. _ Cod. gr.
    . 116, (membran..
    (membn.n. , a ..,.
    t<. XV), zu...",me .. mit der Epistol .. Ficbeti
    lIod
    ,d Sabaudiae
    Sabaudi&e du",," den.
    de.: On.do"""
    On,tto""" B ..sorio",vo.angesteUt;
    sorio ... yo...ng ... teUt; godruckt
    gedruckt bei
    be Mig ....
    .. e PG
    ~6 6.t'...-.646.
    ~6,
    6,....-.646. E.
    . Legr
    LlOgra.nd,
    .... d, Cent-di>< letu
    Iettr.. de }/r.
    Fr. Fildf
    FJdfe.
    ... P...u .89.,
    .119., .
    p. 226.
    u6.

    'j',

    F.;PtSTOLAE.
    PISOLE.

    quorum sa1us
    salus in
    discrimen
    discnen addudtur,
    adducitur, tum
    turn propter immortaIem
    immortalem Deum,
    cuius religio sanctissima vexatur ac
    c trahitur ad interitum.
    interiturn. magna
    rnagna
    Christianorum omnium
    omniurn clade. Valete.
    VaIete.
    Ex
    Urbe, die 13. Decembris 1470.
    1;
    ;

    73. BesdrIon
    BUArion Cf,flllnalls
    ClrdInaIIs
    Oul1lelmo
    Oullleimo Flt
    FIt beU.
    betl.

    Reverende pater. amice noster carissime,


    caSsirne, cognovimus
    cognovmus ex litteris
    ittes
    vestris
    vestS Georgii Trapezuntii
    Trapezunti deliramenta
    delramenta in opus nostrurn istuc allata
    fuisse. Ea
    !
    ut olim eontempsimus.
    contempsimus. ita nunc
    nune a
    pravo et iniquo animo
    1Q
    1 prolecta esse facHe
    facle perspicirnus. Curn SU<lm
    suQm calumniam hic facile deride
    deri posse intelligerei opere nostro eius mendacium et vanitatem apertissime redarguente. alio
    eonlugit.
    conlugit. Vestram vero epistolam magnopere
    sumuss delectati.
    sumu
    deiectat. Eloquentiam
    E Ioquentiam enim. sapientiam ac observantiam
    obserantiam in
    nos
    eximiam
    eximam fadle
    facile prae se fert. Nam et elegantia sermonis,
    sermons, quicquid est
    15 in
    causa, exponitis et singulari
    sngua prudentia calumniatoris
    calumniators fraudem lacile
    lacHe
    deprehendists n05tro
    inspecto et eximia in
    nos
    os bedeprehendistis
    nostro etiam opere non
    nivolentia partes nostras defenditis
    nivoientia
    defendtis ac dignitatem tuemini.
    tuemin. Idem cum
    nomine vestro olim nuntiasset
    nuntasset magister Guillermus. ententiau.s
    poenitentiarius noster, dedimus ad vos
    ; statim litteras cuidam Michaeli,
    Michae1i, familiari bonae
    20 mernoriae R(ichardi ) domini Constantiensis, qui pro domini negotiis
    1i s
    S ..~..ul'ifH"': Bessario.
    Bessa. episcopus
    epscop"" S.binensis.
    Sabinensis. c.rdin.,!~
    ca.rdina!~ Nic.enu
    Nica.enul.
    . pattia.n:1>a
    pattia.n:1la
    Con..t&ntinopnlit&nu . """erendo
    Con.tantinopolitanu
    re"erendo et d""tissimo
    dootissimo ;..
    p:o.trl. m"'1!ist
    m"'1list.... C.uill
    C"iII .... m"
    mo Flch.,.l.
    Fleh""l. IOaCrae
    oaca_
    th~ologi ... ,,<of_ri
    th~"logi
    p>fessori in
    .. collegio SoI"bon
    So-bon ... P .. risii. am~ nOlt>
    << ....
    c .. ri
    rl"..'mo.
    imo.

    :!O
    :! Richard
    Ri .. hard "Hvier.
    Olivier. BlsehofvonC<>lItanc8!l.
    BlsehofvonC<mtanc8!I. gcstorben .,1.
    als Kard;na1bi5<:ho!
    Kudinalbi5<:hof von

    Porto 1410.
    '410.
    Ep.
    . 73 . .\uf dle
    die beiden enten Briefe B ""$ar;on.
    " ...... ioo, (n.
    ( . o
    . 11
    11.. 12) haue
    hate Fichet
    ,"m
    am 13
    '3 Februar
    F_brua< 1471
    14]1 I(
    I...
    .... otwortet.
    utwortet. Tatdchllch
    Ta.tdchlkh h
    ha.be
    ...". T,-apezuntio,
    Tra.p.,zuntio. unter dem
    d.,m , . Juuj
    Juni
    dcs v:gan8~nen
    v...-gan8~nen ]ah
    lall ..... durcb
    durch ""inen
    ",,;e Sohll Andre.~
    Andrea~ ein.igen
    einigen Ptoleesore"
    Poesoe der
    dc P
    Pa.riter
    .. ri ....
    Uni" ......itl.t IIOwie ihm pero6nlich
    U";,,
    peu6nlich ";nen
    einen Brief ulld Auaso.ge
    Auuo.ge aus "einen
    seillen Annot&tion
    Annotation ...
    zu
    ! B
    B,,",roM
    , ....1o<18 ln
    In Ca1umnia.to,..""
    Calumniato,.."" P1a.tQnia
    Platoni,a vorleg~n 1assen.
    lassen . Den Brief habe
    b .". er ..,Iort
    solort zur
    ..
    Seite g~Iegt,
    g~legt, weil
    wel .... nur Ncid
    Neid und Gif,
    Gift herausgelilhlt
    heausgelahJt m.be.
    obe. Die Annou.tion
    Annotation ...
    .... nament.nameot.lich
    Iich du ungesehliff~ne
    uogeseb.liff~n., Vorwort
    Vrwort habe den Verlu.ser
    veu.ser ab ";nen
    einen h!lcl>"t
    h!lcllst uneiahrenen
    unmahren.,n Men_
    schen
    e,kennen lassen. Mit
    .cinem
    Gergio.
    scben "'kennen
    seinem enten W ....k. den Comparatione.s.
    Comparationes. SCUe Georgioo.
    AriHotel ... Verherr1ichung
    Verherrlichung bei~utrag~n. Plato in
    Wei .... herab.
    ohne zU
    Ari"otel
    nichbwOrdiger We.i
    heab.
    Zu
    bemerke
    bemerken habe er.
    . da6
    daB neuerdiolP
    teuerdinS- ~inige SchOler
    SclIlller des Georgios
    G..,rg:io dMSeO
    dM.oe Rhetorik in

    Pari. zu
    verbreiten 8uchten.
    suchten. E
    r habe aber diese
    dese wie
    we die
    d., Auslassungen
    Aualasuogeo geg.,11
    geget P''Sorion
    eo,or
    in
    seinen
    seillen VorI,,"u"8en
    VorlesuIIen zur
    Genllge
    c,enog., gek_nnze;choet
    gekennzeichnet {Ep.
    {.3.
    J- bei L.,srand
    LeHrand I.
    c. 22_'JO).
    22_230).
    Fr
    Fi1r diese Mitte.iIungen
    Mitteilungen dankt B'''srion
    Bto'arion am 22. MAu
    ,-& 1411 mit
    nachfo!gendem
    nachfolgendem
    Briet. C.leichzeitig
    Btiet.
    Cleichzeitig ..,hiclr.t
    ochiclr.t er ibm
    ihn Perotti.
    Perottis R
    Refut&tlon
    .. fuu.tJon .... Anch
    Atch seio
    oein Wark
    Warlr. I"
    CaIu",Ca]n""
    ""'tore",
    niato,..,m hItte
    hJ.tt_ .... ihm
    ihn gern g,,-bickt:
    g,,-hickt: doch lasae
    Iasae .ich
    sich du
    d ... im
    111 Augenb1ick
    Augenblick nicht
    nchI bewerlr._
    bewerk_
    stl!tligen.
    .~tligen. Er mOge
    lOg., ...
    CI bei dem Bisclof
    B~d.of vOn
    ALw
    ein
    ei"..,hen.
    ... hen. dem
    den er
    e es
    e.s bereiu.
    bereita sum CeG ....
    ochellk gemacht
    ochenlr.
    gem.,cht habe. - Der Brie1
    Brief haud8cbriftlich
    handschriftlich vgI.
    vgl. oben S. H2.
    2. gedruckt
    bei E.
    . L_grand.
    LegTand. I.
    . c. 230
    2JO ,.

    .ESSAIUONIS
    .ESSARIONIS

    '58

    ad serenissimum
    serenissinum dominum regem proficiscebatur. Simul misimus fibelIbeI
    lum quendam, quo quidam e nostris
    nostS calumniatoris infamiam et refnreintavit et explosit. Quod autem
    autern et depravata et falsa sint
    smt omnia,
    omna, quae
    Georgius
    Georgus recensuit, vel opus nostrum
    nostnm plane indicare potest. Id mittere
    cupiebamus. sed nunc
    fieri
    potuit. Scripsimus autem
    nune tuto
    tieri non
    autern ad reve_ J
    rendissimum dorninurn
    dominurn Albiensem, ut vobis Iibrum elaxgjatur,
    elaxgiatur, quem
    istuc ipsi dono misimus. Alterum ('i
    (' restituemus, eurn
    cum venerit in Urbem. Ex
    eo facile
    tadle percipietis calumniatorem
    calumnatorem frustra in eo elaOOra.sse,
    elaborasse,
    quod. antequam scriberet, penitus erat repudiatum et eversUJn. Oe.I)e..
    dimus .
    una eum
    cum litteris orationes quasdam a nobis hoc tempore per- l0
    scriptas de periculis Italiae
    Italae imminentibus,
    istic
    imminentibus.
    ut eas principibus. qui istit
    sunt, ostenderetis,
    sunt.
    ostendeetis, quo labenti rei
    re christianae succurreret,
    succuerent, quae Offi
    flis
    discrimine
    discmine versatur eum
    cum alibi, tum
    n Italia. Nam etsi
    nis maximo in
    turn in
    etsj
    hanc
    in
    hane un.am
    unam hostis incumbere videtur. tamen
    tarnen infinitum malum serpet 1atius.
    laHus, neque tanti tempestatum
    temestatum fluctus
    nuetus ita
    ita, in
    ha,nc
    hane orbis a.rtem
    partern I~
    u
    inundabunt, quin
    inundabunt.
    qui.n ad peregrinas nationes eodem impetu perducantur.
    ha.ec
    An
    haec omnia reddita fuerint.
    fuerint, per litteras vestra,s
    vestras scire
    seire exspectamus.
    Bene valete.

    Ex
    Urbe.
    Urbe, a. d . XI
    KaI.
    Kai. Aprilis 1411 .
    74. BusariOD
    BesarlO Car41naJls
    Car41naJIs
    Galliehao
    GaIIlelao PfeIletI.
    Flcletl.

    Venera,bilis docteque vir, a,mice


    amice noster earissime,
    ca,rissime. eum
    cum scire eupecupeVenerabilis
    remus vehementer, an vobis redditae fuerint et orationes
    ora.tiones a nobis editae
    pro ehristianae
    christiana,e fidei dignitate et refuta,tiones
    refutationes calumniarom
    ca.lumnia.rom in
    opus nostrom in pbilosophiae
    philosophiae Platonicae
    P1atonCae laudem conscriptum.
    conseriptum, - haec enim 2li
    omnia iamdiu vobis misimus - forte fortuna venit huc
    hue quidam ex nu
    mero secretariorum ehristianissimi
    christianissimi regis.
    regis, qui nobis affirmavit
    a,ffirmavit sese vidisse orationes in
    i.n vestris manibus vestra opera impressas et traditas
    tradUas
    eompluribus.
    compluribus. Quod eurn
    cum ita sit, eoniecturam
    coruecturam fecimus
    fecmus refutationes quoque, quae una eurn
    cum iis
    s datae fuerunt, ad
    a.d vos fuisse perlatas. Iis etsi 30
    26
    S..pr<UUipfio
    S..prU1>fio:: Be ,n..
    'rw,
    no, epitoop",
    epi8c;.Qp". SabiDe....., ea.rdiroV,
    :adi,.Hs Nc.&ell",
    Nic.&eD"', PfI~
    CoDataDtinopolitaDWO, vetlerabili
    CoIl8taDtinQpo1itaDWO,
    etlerabili d<>etcque
    d<>etoqlle viril,
    irD, magistro Guillermo
    Gillermo Ficheti,
    Fleheti , oa.c:rae
    a.: .....
    theo!og!ae
    theo!og!ae doctori iD eoJlegio
    GoJ1ego Sorbo .... e Parlaii,
    Pari.ii, ..... ;00
    ico lI
    D"tro
    . .tro c&risaimo.
    c&risamo.

    Ep.
    . H
    .. DDrcli
    DDcl eiDen
    e1nc: iD Rom
    Ron eiDgetroHeDe:D.
    eilgetroffelle:D. Gt.andteD
    Geandtc: d
    de
    es KDigS
    KDigs "Oll
    " Fraokreich
    Fraokreic.h
    Fi e h e t P
    erottis Refptatloneo .owie
    hat BeuadOll
    B"8I~loD erlaluOD,
    edah"", da
    daB Ficbet
    Peottis
    80Wie seiD"
    S<tll .. Orationes
    Oatione
    habe <hucken
    <h.d;en ,"t
    ..m ""e,bN:
    erbN:iUD
    ull -.
    ~D. Er
    bi.ttet
    bittet 11111I-,:neb,<
    DUllIDeb,r (..... 31. AI>3"'\
    AI>3"$t 147') WD.
    um
    jeDe:D.
    jelle:D. Brief, ,uD
    kll TrapuuDti
    Trapea"nti os
    0 8 d"rch
    durch &eiD
    mll .... Sohn in
    Paris hatu;
    _ttt verbreiten
    vethreiten 1aMen.
    Wcitet teiJt
    Weitet
    teilt
    u Fi ec het mit, da
    da.B er
    ei.n
    ein g1eichuitig.
    glcchuitg. SehreibeD
    Sdrebe .... d
    dm
    .... K6n.tg
    Dtg gerichtet
    ge1icbtet
    habe, di
    d.......
    ..........
    wolle
    011 .. ibn
    ihn bem
    beim Papst fr
    l1 ei"
    frei
    fnoi ..erdend.
    erded. Bcuefizium
    Bctefizil1m ;11 Vonoc:hlag
    Von:hlag brin_
    brin_
    gen.
    g ..... -

    Der
    Do Brief bad
    baDd.ehriftli
    .. e hft c hb "gl.
    "gI. obeD
    obe S. 5'Z
    5'%.. g .. druekt
    dtl1cl:t !>eiE.
    beiE. LeBraDd,
    Legad,

    LC~3~ '

    P;PlSTOLE.
    EPISTOLAE.

    ...
    55.

    minime
    mnme res et causa nostra egere videbatur, cum omnia
    omna erant conficta.
    conficta
    et vanitatis et mendacii plena, tamen
    tanen optabamus magnopere, ut a vo
    bis legerentur. 1taque
    Itaque hoc nuntio
    et laetati sumus et humanitati vestrae
    agimus gratias, qui lucubrationem
    lucubratonem nostrarn
    nostram tanti feceritis
    feceritS,,
    ut putaveri5 ttis
    is dignam, quae apud multos esset.
    Rem vero gratissirnam facietis
    faeietis omnino,
    omruno, si ad nos perferendam curaveritis epistolarn
    epistolam illam
    illan ipsam primam, quam filius Trapezuntii misit
    mistt
    istuc, in
    eoque efficiendo
    effieiendo
    ut ponatis operam et studium, rogamus.
    Quibusdam argumentis et testimoniis
    testmoniis persuasi sumus christianissichrstanissi10 mum regem benivorentia et gratia erga nos affici. Nos vero nibil
    potius agendum putavimus, quam ut ab eo peteremus
    peterernus favorem et benefieia in vos. Itaque dedimus litteras
    ficia
    ltteras ad eius
    eus maiestatem,
    maiestatern, quas cum his
    bis
    coniunxirnus, rogavimusque, ut, si quod heneficium
    beneficium istic vacare contigent,
    gerit, statim vel pro vobis scribat ad pontificem
    plntificem maximum vel curet
    15ab
    t5ab ordinario conferendum. Nam multa et ampla
    ampIa ordinar
    ordinarii nonnumquam dare consueverunt.
    consuevennt. Hoc
    H oc nobis admodum curae
    eu rae est, quod vos
    os
    non
    modo pro virtutis
    vrtutis vestrae dignitate,
    digtate, sed nec ulla quidam
    qUdam ex parte
    henefieia
    beneficia habere audimus. Eritis igitur attenti et vos et vestri; et, eum
    cum
    primum exsistet aJiquid,
    aJiqud, dabitis operam, ut
    uf vel favore
    faore vestrornm
    vestrorum in

    00
    to curia regia, vel aliqua
    alqua alia diligentia christianissimi regis
    regs 1itterae
    litterae pro
    vobis ad nos mittantur.
    mittantu. Favebimus enim, quanto potemus
    poterimus studio, ut
    vos afficiamus
    affieiamus beneficiis.
    benefieiis. Reddetis vos ipsi litteras
    ltteras domino regi, eiusque
    clementiae et nos
    ! et vos eommendabitis.
    commendabitis. Bene vaJete.
    Urbe, die ultimo Augusti 1471
    47 ..
    Ex

    7$. BUU.rtOA
    Beu.rloA C.rcllnalls
    C8rlInaIIs
    Ocdllelmo FJcbeU.
    FlcheH.
    OIIIIIelmo

    Reverende pater, amice noster, litteras


    ltteras vestras accepimus, quibus
    qUbus
    nobts eommendas
    nobis
    commendas fratrem quendam Rubertum Gagginum, quem quia litterae vestrae ita nobis faciunt
    laciunt eommendatum
    commendatum - libentissime
    30 vidimus, eique omnem
    omnern favorem
    favorern nostrnm
    nostrum obtulimus eausa
    causa vestra, quamv:s eo non
    indiguerit, quod ei non
    fuerat opus. In
    1 his autem
    litters
    vlS
    autern litteris
    vestris, quas nobis
    nobs frater Rubertus, de quo initio
    nitio diximus
    diximus,, reddidit,
    2 5 Ss ..pr""~,,to:
    pr""~l'lio: B

    rio.
    . epioc:opul
    epi:opuI S.bien$$,
    5.bDeD$i$, eanll.&l.Ie
    ;an;\;&lI, Ni;aen
    Ni<;aenua,
    .. a, patan:ha
    patrian:ha
    CO .... tantinOpOliUnua, RVereudo
    RVlIll'eudo pat,
    patri, dmio
    dDm.iDO G"illenno
    Guillermo Flcheti.
    Fleheti. in
    n oacra poogn..
    pagin& "'
    .......
    ....
    gi8tro,
    a.\:o
    lI.<lAtrn earissimo.
    caso.
    giatro, .....
    \eo 1I.GAUo
    Ep.
    . 75.
    B ....
    .......
    arioD
    ioD nim
    n",
    ... t gem die
    .. E
    Erpfchlung
    ...pfehlung Ficheu
    FicheH fO.
    fOr eien.
    eiDfI:. gewbseu
    gewbseD
    Robeu
    Robert Gag"l
    G&g"ID e..tgegll:ft.
    etgeg"". Zu
    ZII...n"",
    MIn."", Bedauetn
    Bedauen:t eei
    ei .ber
    aber eiD
    eil>. adereI"
    .iere" Bok,
    Bote, d""
    dll:ft er
    e:r iD
    D
    Mln.em.
    ...n ..... Schreiben erwt.hlle,
    erwt.! .. e, ...
    rit
    it Bridll:ft
    Bd"" uDd
    ud Sc:brilteD
    ScblteD bei ibm
    bm nicht
    icht eine:o:trott
    n:tro...... Er

    '"1150
    wisse daher
    dab.er c:I.
    ulc:ht. ob eeill
    ei" Werk eotra
    CODUs CaImniato>utt,
    Calriatoe, du er ihm
    bm 'MIlCh
    ,tw..,..... hatte
    ~ I ...... , zu
    " Fichet
    pchot gelangt
    ebu lIei (29. Nov"",ber 147').
    1471). DerBrief
    DerBef haDd
    had ac b,iftbriftlieb vgl.
    licb
    gl. oben 5.552,
    5.5.52, geduckt
    gedrllckt bei
    beI E.
    . Leg,and.
    Legrand. 1. C.2
    c .2 33.

    560

    BESSARIONIS

    scribitis familiarem
    famliarem vestrum eurn
    cum litteris
    IitteS et scriptis vestris
    vests ad nos
    !> mi
    sisse. Quem adhuc minime vidimus, qui numquam apparuit nec
    os
    ne<: ad nos
    venit. DoIemus
    Dolemus et ilHus
    !> vicem et nostram:
    nostram : illius,
    UHus, quia timemus, oe
    ne ali
    quid ei forte in
    via acciderit, quominus ad nos
    !> venit; nostram, quod
    opus illud
    mud vestcum, quod legere
    legtre plane desiderabamus, non
    est nobis 5
    delatum, neque litterae
    ltterae vestrae, quibus certo scire
    seife possemus, an scripta
    scta
    nostra contra calumniatorem et epistolae, quae tibi misimus, ad manus
    !> vestras pervenerint necne.
    neene.
    Superioribus etiam temporibus nuntiis
    nunts regiis
    regs litteras
    Jitteras dedimus et
    ad maiestatem regis
    regS Francorum in
    favorem et commendationem ~
    V~ IG

    tram ad te, quas simul Iigatas


    Igatas ad te dedimus deferendas, nec
    ne<: percepimus, an redditae fuerint.
    fueTint. Bene vale.
    Ex
    Urbe, die XXIX
    Novembis
    Novembris I471.
    471.
    76. Bessadonls
    CardlnaIIs Hlaenl.
    NlcaenI.
    Cardlnalls

    A
    8

    Verba illa non


    Ioannis
    IoannS Baptistae, sed ipsius regis ad Ioannem Baptistam respondentis ad litteras eius sunt, qui te in
    eius fatetur optime
    de se meritum. Quod vero
    vefO petis. agam libenter
    lbenter scribamque maiestati
    eius oportune. Sipontinum' vero, quod a te tali patre tantopere diligatur, felicem
    felicern puto. Quaesturam vero pontificalem non
    ei futuram honori20
    nec dignitati tuae latere
    Iatere non
    credo. Multa
    Muha licebunt tironi nepoti,
    nepoti. quae
    convenirent veterano avuncuIo,
    non
    avunculo. $cio
    $eio animum eius,
    eius. scio et meritum.
    Non ignoro conditionem temporum. Nonnulla subire poterit nepos,
    quae avunculus non
    subiret nec deberet, nec ego vellem pro dignitate
    eius. Deus proVdebit
    providebit de 00,
    00. habet pontificis benevoIentam,
    benevolentiam, amorem
    arnorem 25
    tuum
    m et meum. Providebitur
    Povidebitur ei, quem et me simul unice
    unke tihi commendo,
    litterasque tuas pIenas
    plenas et sapientia et caritate et fortitudine animi mihi
    continue comites itineris conservabo in
    remedium et antidotum contra
    co.
    dissuasiones atiorum, maiestatis regiae, dominii Venetorum, comitis
    Urbini, aliorum
    alornm quasi omnium privatorum amicorum, qui me quotidie 30
    expugnare conantur. Hodie multis multorum rationibus semifractus
    vesperi respiravi tuis litteris acceptis.
    accepts. Vix
    enim liberam
    Iiberam vocem audivi
    21 tuae ]I

    tfI
    t<I
    P tironi
    ron I] Tirolli
    Troai
    P

    Ep.
    . 76 . Der EmpfAngcr
    EmpfAnger d.,. Briet.,. ist
    S nicht gcna.nnt.
    gena,nnt. Er
    "'h
    "".,,
    ..... t . wie die Rat_
    schllge de8
    deo Kardinab
    Kardinals andeuten. noch j Unge<,
    li nge, abu
    be lnhabu
    Inhabe e.inn
    e.iner kirchlichen
    kirehlichen WQroe
    WQrne
    :tu
    :" ..,;n.
    ..,in. Die Erwlhnong
    Eho des Koip.
    , d . ;'
    ;. VQn
    von Frattkreich,
    Frankreich, des dominium
    don.nium Venetorum
    und der anderen,
    _ndeen, die B
    pnion
    ' ! tf,g1ich
    t.g1ich in
    Anspruch
    Aspruch nehmen, lauen
    laen haupUlchlich
    haupUchlich auf
    .
    erneute Behandlung
    die erneut.
    Beh_dlung der TOrkenfrage
    TOknB: ",hlieen.
    ""hlel3en.
    Oberlieferung:
    Oberleferung: Areh.
    Arcl. v_t.
    Vat. Arm. XXXIX
    toru
    tom . IO. 101. 8 ( _ A).
    ) . _ Druckau
    G. Palmiod
    _lmI ; 11 Mur_\on
    (Rorna
    (Rna ll19l)
    1119~) .
    ,06. 1aU ~ l_b.:
    lab.: C.
    MUTatori 111
    p. ")"p.
    \ - ).
    p).

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

    561

    viri senatorii fortis et magnanimi, pontificis et religionis alumni. Ante


    discessum sa.epius
    saepiU!:I adhuc
    adhue scribam vestrae dignationi,
    dgnationi, quae feliciter
    vaJeat.
    va 1eat.
    Roma 6. Ianuarii r472.
    B.
    . Cafdinalis
    Cardinalis Nicaenus.

    . Bessa,Ion
    77.
    Bessadon C8n1InaIIs
    Ctlnllnalls
    Oullleimo fIehetI.
    flehetl.
    OuIIIelmo

    Reverende patef
    (c:
    pater ac
    ae praestantissime vir, amice
    amiee nostercarissime, <accepimus) temas abs te litteras, quibus respondea.m,
    respondeam, de variis
    vams quidem rebus
    10 scriptas, sed tamen
    tarnen omnes unam et praestantissimam erga nos obsenranobse:van
    tiam prae se {erentes. In
    his quod de libro tuo scribis, eum libentissime
    accepimus et vidimus magno studio. Est enim elegantissime eonscriptus
    conscriptus
    et praecepta dicendi continet, quae,
    qua.e, eum
    cum a Cicerone et
    Quintiliano Latinis vel ab Hermogene Graecis
    G3ecis satis explicata
    explieata viderentur. tu
    industria
    15 tua et doctrina singulari Gallos docuisti,
    docuist, quae eum
    cum optent Athenienses,
    turn mirentur Romani. Equidem ardebam incredibili
    tum
    ineredibili desiderio
    desderio fibrum
    librum
    hune legere, cum
    hunc
    eurn primum de eo pauca
    pauea quaedam significasti. Ignorabam
    tamen
    eo
    ac tam
    tarnen tantam doctrinam in
    co esse Re
    tarn elaboratam dicendi rationem.
    Bmo statutum nihi1
    nern. Unum illud habebam animo
    nmil a te proficisci posse,
    20 quod non
    esset doctissimo
    doctissmo homine dignum. Fatebor ingenue, tu meam
    mearn
    superasti
    superast exspectationem cum
    eurn operis magnitudine tum
    turn praestantia.
    Quam si olim
    lm habuissem cognitam, onerassem te profecto quotidianis
    littens,
    litteris, ut opus
    et absolveres et mitteres mihi. Tibi quidem omnes latinae linguae studiosi plurimum debent. Ego, quod ad me
    roe attinet, gra2Ii tias habeo atque ago immortaIes.
    " 6. 1l."uaril]
    .,u&ril] A
    ""'. t47" I 5 A
    SMp.-lJ.S&riptio:
    S"Wo.s&rptio: '472. 1_.
    laD. Niceni
    Nioe", man
    na
    ......
    .....
    a Roma.
    Rona.
    6 S"p.-...m/>li<>;
    S"W""'"J>lo." V
    7
    u..- rio.
    . pcop~
    epillCOpu~ Sahine
    Sahin.,noi,
    Doia, ea.Tdi
    ca.1"di ....U.
    u. Ncaenu
    Niea.enu . patriarcb.a
    eo""ta"tiDopolitanu.
    eo""t&nt'Dpolitanu . revu
    re~ ...
    .. ndo patri,
    paeri, dOlD;nO
    do:oino Guillermo
    Gullermo Flcheti.
    Flehet;. iD
    sacno.
    sacn.
    popnR mana
    glAtro, amko
    glAtrn,
    anko ,,,,,,.
    ~O\ILiO ea.riuimo.
    ca.ris&mo.
    Ep.
    . 77. 1D%Wisch".,
    11l%Wisch"" hattf:
    hatt~ Flehet
    FI"het dem.
    den KardiD.t..l &ein""
    ~"" Kommentar
    Komm~"tar zu
    d"" an_
    til."" Rhetorik",",
    tiken
    Rhetoriken 2ulJehen
    2uJeheo la
    ' s

    .. ".
    .,. EiDe
    V ....20gernng
    2genng "'.r
    "' d&bei
    dabei durcb den augenblicl<.ugebIi:.k
    lieh hern:heden
    l\cb
    bernebendeJl Krieg
    rieg ei"$etreten. De.De Brief, der di..,
    diese Mitteilung bingt
    bringt (bei E.
    . Legnnd 11. 7. .
    p. "34 .
    a.)).. ist
    ein
    ; WidmungaehreibeD.
    Widmugchreben. Es
    . tr&gt
    t ... gt die Randbem
    Randben ....kung: . Praefatio libri,
    libi, qu_ B.
    . mlsi
    mbi .
    1m ...
    voIegende
    wliegend .... Brief vom
    om '3. Februar 147" d
    dal:t
    ....... t Beu
    B~s . adon
    arlon tOr
    di_ GeGe-1oCh...u:.
    Papat. dem.
    den>. er
    habe er
    ihn bestens .....
    ......
    pchek. Beim
    Bom Pap8t.
    '" Mine..
    seine Kodex
    Kooe:t :mr1ld:gegebeD,
    :m11d:gben, habo
    < ibn
    fobIen.
    tohleJl. Mit
    _
    _eil ..Red~n
    Reden gegen
    "!"" die Tllrkeo.
    TIIrk~o. 8UCn..
    BOlen.. er nieht
    seinen
    se.on Ruhm,
    Rulm, ...
    aonden>
    nde ....
    wolle er der
    de SIChe
    Scbe di
    diee.,
    dLr geplante"
    gepla.n.ten Legationsreise
    Legatonsese n."b
    Fanleicl habe ihn
    In
    ...... " . An
    nach Fnnlaeieh
    Kraukbelt
    raukbelt .......
    v ....b.ndert.
    b.i.ndort. Em
    E ....""t
    .... t erinnert er .....
    an sein
    oe" Pbto
    Pl&towek,
    ........k , d ..
    .... e.e lt'J8e'D.
    It'J8e'D. mOre.
    me. Er

    venpicht Ficllet
    Ficbet Dochmals
    nochmLI Min
    sein Bemahe:o,
    BemOhe:, ibm
    ib ein frei&_ord
    feig_oroe
    .... Benefizium zu
    ! verer
    verspricht
    ........
    vhoffCD.
    ",bffe>. Zum Sehlull
    SclIuB gibt
    M
    ein
    e.. Erinncrun.g
    Erinncrut.g ober
    be AndronIko.
    Andronlkos Cantoblaa,
    Cantohlaa, der
    iD
    m ...mem
    ....em. Ha
    Haull
    .."" verkebrt.
    v .. rkebTt. sieh
    aiclt aber
    abe als
    LI uDdankb&rer
    undankbarer MellaCh
    Meach erwi ..... .,
    " habe. Der
    Brief
    haDdachriftUeb vgl
    gedruekt bri
    e. 235--238
    haDd."hriftn"b
    . oben S. 5~2, gedru"kt
    bd E.
    . Legrand . l.
    . ".
    101:
    !!
    .. 101 ...
    ."
    Ka
    aod.l>W
    ..llnal

    _rIon.

    111.

    36

    562

    'BESSAIUONIS
    'BESSA1't10NlS

    Suum codicem reddidi pontifici maximo nuntio tuo


    praesente et
    magistro Guillermo,
    magistrQ
    Guil1ermo, homine tibi amantissimo.
    Non egebat commendatione liber.
    tibet. qui per se est ornatissimus. De te vero
    veto ac
    ae tua virtute exceUenti in
    reddendo verba feci,
    ted, de qua eram etiam antea locutus eum
    cum
    pontifice. 15
    Is optime de te sentit cupitque et testimonio de te meo
    eo et 5
    suo iudicio de tua eruditione, quam
    quam. vel ex hoc opere perspexit et admiratus est, aliquando satisfacere.
    satsfacere. idque profecto fadet.
    faciet. eum
    cum mum
    primum
    occasio sese obtulerit,
    obtu1erit, et ego nusquam deero pro mea
    roea in
    te benivolentia
    et amore.
    Mea.s
    Meas orationes tanti fieri istic laetor
    laetOf quidem vehementer. non
    tam
    tarn 10

    studio gloriae
    gIoriae alicuius comparandae. quam cupiditate persuadendi. Sunt
    enim illa vera et ne<::essaria,
    neessaria, quae si principes nostri
    os audiverint,
    audivent, salutem
    suam tuebuntur
    tuehuntur et incolumitatem in
    gravissimis
    gravi5Sims positam
    positarn pericu1is
    periculis et
    malis.
    malS. Debeo tamen
    tarnen imprimis humanitati
    bumanitati tuae et fidei erga
    erga. me, qui
    ista fecisti tua auctoritate
    auetoritatc graviora. Nihil enim est , quod a te probetur,l~
    quod non
    optimus quisque et doctissimus tuum secutus iudicium magnifaciat. Utinam,
    ut tu
    laudi nostrae profuisti, ita nos per te principes
    excitare possimus et eommuni
    communi causae prodesse. Audivi nomine tuo nun
    tium sapientissima et saluberrima
    salubeTrima oonsilia proponentem ad opem
    opern ferendam rei ebristianae.
    christianae. Equidem tibi assentior et ita prorsus fieri
    lieri oportere 20
    iudico. nu1laque
    iudico,
    nullaque ex parte discessissem ab ista sententia,
    sententa, si istuc
    istue venissem
    legatus, quemadmodum eram designatus, id quod te
    tc audivisse
    audiisse arbitror.
    Veniebam spei plenus
    VenieOOm
    plenw aliquid
    aliqUd proficiendi ac
    ae summo studio venerandae
    maiestatis
    rnaiestatis regiae et te amplectendi.
    ampleetendi. Sed varii,
    varii. graves,
    graves. assidui morbi
    me
    rne elM!gerunt,
    cM!gerunt,
    ut legationem
    legatioem geponerem,
    geponerem. quod invitus
    nits feci
    feei et necessano.
    necessario. 2li
    Animum autem incitatum labefactato
    labefaetato eorpori
    corpori parere oportuit.
    Finem
    Finern scribendi faciam.
    faciam, si unum illud ammonuero et rogavero, ut
    obseres diligentissime,
    cum pmum
    observes
    diIigentissime, eum
    primum aliquid vacabit te dignum,
    dignum. faciasfaeiasque me e vestigio eertiorem
    certiorem . Plurimum enim
    enm hac
    hae in
    re positum est in

    eelcritate,
    celeritate. qua qui praestat, solet supcrare.
    suerare. Scribas velimus in
    SaOOtios80
    Sabatios!lO
    ad fratrem
    cum tale a1iquid
    a;dert, extrudant
    fratrern tuum et amioos, ,
    ut, eum
    aliquid aedderit,
    continuo tabellarium eum
    cum litteris ad me unum. Nam.
    Nam, eum
    cum primum rem
    intelligam. adibo pontificem
    pontifieem et.
    et, ut spero.
    spero, eonficiam
    conficiam de negotio. Hoc
    abs te peto et
    ct plane contendo.
    Non minus enim eupio
    cupio te ornare beneficiis, quibus
    qUbus vel tu
    dignus sis ro
    pro tua excellenti
    exeellenti virtute
    Vrtute vel exspe<:tes.3S
    exspectes.3S
    Opus nostrum in
    Platonis laudem editum ad te ded.imus.
    ded.mus. Quod
    et legas.
    legas, velimus, et si
    s1 qua offenderis.
    offenderis, quae in
    contrariam disputationem
    traM possint.
    trahi
    possint, tua sapientia tuearis. Secuti
    Seeuti sumus, quae probabiliora videbantur graecis et laUnis
    latins auctoribus,
    auetoribus, eontulimusque
    contulimusque totam disputationem
    disputatonem
    ad veritatem potius quam ad assentationem
    assentationern novarum opinionwn.
    . Sci- 40
    mus de his
    bis ipsis rebus nonnullos auctores
    auetores aliter sentire,
    sentre. ita
    Ha tamen,
    tarnen, ut
    neque illis omnes
    ornnes assentiantur. Infinitum est, ut nosti.
    ost, de his
    bis rebus
    disserere, eurn
    cum quotidie exsistant auctores,
    auetol"es, qui vel alienis inventis aliali~

    .63

    EPISTOLAE.

    quid addunt, vel nova a1iqua


    aliqua sententia philosophantes alliciunt. Ego
    rem , quae mihi
    miM proposita erat, haec.:
    h aec.: putavi esse accommodata.
    vero ad rem,
    Dominus Albiensis alterum a me accepit librum
    lbrum,, posteaquam root
    OOi
    ex Hispa.nia,
    H ispania, euius
    cuius eopiam
    copiam tibi facere potuisset, n;si
    n si esset
    e51>et doctissimus;
    doetissimus;
    IS nam litterati
    Iitterati omne5 libros
    Iibros tamquam
    t amquam filios suos amant. non
    facileque
    patuntur
    patiuntur eos a se abesse. An
    librum et hanc
    hane epistolam acceperis ex
    tuis litteris cognoscere eupio.
    cupio. Vale.
    Ex
    Urbe. Idibus
    Idbus Februariis 1472.
    Andronicus ille Contoblas, monstrum naturae. ut omnium 19nacontemnendus est. Ii
    Nihili homo est, et non
    minus indoctus
    IOrissimus eontemnendus
    quam ingratus, quandoquid
    quandoquidem
    em parum id, quod scit,
    seit, domi nostrae didicit et nostro pane nutritus
    eit
    nutritus.. Valeat eurn
    cum ingratitudine
    ingratitudne sua 1
    01
    .....
    Briel.. Ficheta
    all B-...
    B-".rion
    betleffe:o durchweg ..,.
    .. BemUh
    Bemh""
    um
    DJ"
    ....,;ter"en
    eteen Briel"
    FCheta '""
    .;on bet,eff""
    ..,..,
    .... ",
    ein
    ..ten;lehme:o geg''''
    geg." . d;"
    T Qrken . Wertvoll iat
    ist Fieh
    e4 Bericht Qber
    " U
    u.,te;ehm""
    de TIIrl<en.
    Feh".
    IIber sein
    aei ....
    e "udi=1
    Iudi"","
    bc Kon1g
    . vDtl
    Ftan.keich, dem .... bei
    be dieser Gelegenheit
    GeJ.eg"nheit B,,'prions
    .Rede..
    bei
    KOn!g Llldwig XI.
    VDtl Ftankt"eich,
    B .... rions .Reden
    gegen die
    .. T Ork.,
    llrken.
    ... IIb
    Obc;,ei.chte
    .."ei.chte (n.
    (. 10).
    ' 0). E

    r .pricht
    $pricht imm .... wioder
    wiode~ dic
    die Hoffnung
    H offnung aUI.
    ,"". da
    daD
    B'
    BT"io
    7",,;oll als Legat oach
    lIach F ....nkreich
    okrech komm"
    komm .. (n.
    (n, 11 ). Mit
    ",eitereIl
    ", Briefen
    Brief.,n (n. 15-31)
    ' 5-3')
    llbe ..
    ....
    icht.. Fichct
    Red .. n ... n
    flln tlich.....
    kirchlich..
    "
    Obe
    .,icht
    Fchct B
    11'rion,
    l1'rion, Red""
    " ein"
    en" Reib.
    Rehe vOn fOnt.lich
    .... und l<irch1ich
    ....
    PenOollchlteiteo
    Pennlchlteite ;11
    Fraokt"eich
    Franleich IIDd
    IIl1d Delltschland. Aher
    Aber ...lIch du
    da In
    Call1mniatOl"em
    c...Illmllatoem
    Platonb
    Platoni, hat .... bei
    be di.....". mehr
    nehr politiche"
    politillche" Tl.tigk
    TIotgl<"it
    eit nlcht
    nlcbt ver8_n
    ver8_n.. Er
    weil!
    w";!I d""
    d .... W ....I<
    k
    dern Verl
    dem
    et.... r
    gegennber
    geg.... IIbe. llU
    &U Tllha>en:
    nh> .... : .P1atDtlem
    oPlatDtlem alltem tullm non
    modo nt
    I ohJ.tlltn
    oblatnm
    a te sumMet
    .uneret p .... eceperam,
    eceea, verum
    ven. ... etiam
    tia.:: IIt
    I peteret ""nlJd"nter,
    ""nlld"nter, tandemqll"
    tandernqlle furtim
    auniperet.
    _uniperet. si
    s D<lQuaq_m
    D<lQuaquam a1ia
    ala ....ti""
    t"".. posset
    po.set mud
    1Jud ad "'''
    me def
    defee.
    ......... At
    vero g ... tis a te
    datutn
    Mihqll .. redditum
    redwtm ""
    eo gaudio. _ laetlti
    . "..,.,,1
    dem a1iquem
    datnm mlhiqn
    laetitia
    " ..,.,,1...
    ... t deum
    e1iqu~m mlhi
    miM videar
    hospltio
    hosplto
    ."sque
    tt!"sq"e legend.
    Iegendi tauta
    to.uu, m" rap"it avidit""
    .idit"" ut .1"1:
    a1:em
    ..", d<>=iendi e
    per
    h"" puc.haJ
    puc.h.I ... aoctes
    Doetes q"""'tam
    q ....... ta'" noo
    on mlhi
    m1h.....
    Md "'
    m .. hoxpiti
    hpiti q"idam
    quidem Platoni
    . in"""erim.
    invanerlm. IU"
    ",e
    me I"<IrUm
    ,",,", vatU$clssimarum
    Vfltll$clssimarum a.dmratione
    dmiratio" .. (qu""
    ('luu nnsquam
    nnllqu.m legill8em)
    legissem) tenuit
    te ;"prim
    Inprimia
    is attenatteotllm.
    Fl"mnn
    .. immenaum
    .... Latin
    Latin08
    Jatlle; quo
    tllm . Fl
    .. men ...,
    ......
    imm~oaum ph1D8<>phiae
    philo.ophiae muot"
    ... ad boc: tempu.
    tempus IUlli$8e;
    fit
    .. t non
    ma.!
    rna.l....... Plato
    Pla!;O (quem
    (quern .. tenebri.
    ten~bri. in apertios;mum
    .pertosmun Latinorum
    Latinoum .:oelum
    coeIum ."'t
    ""Ii.t)
    .. listi)
    q"am
    qllam optimns
    optimllS qniaq"a
    qlliaqlle Latinu.
    Latinus gnclu
    gncl"" tibi
    b debeat.
    deheah (n.
    (n . ".
    11. .
    p. 248 I.).
    .). D""
    Das Platow
    P1atow....k
    ..
    lind
    nd dle
    die Red
    Reden
    .... legte
    Fichet
    Fiehet .ueb
    aueh der Univemtl.t
    Univeitl.t P.ri,
    Pari' v
    vot".
    ..... deren ReJrtor
    Relrtor dem K.rdil>lli
    K.rdinJ
    dafilr lMriDell
    dafilr
    e:iDen Dank
    Danl allMpn.ch
    .1I88pncl (n. 14.
    '4 . .
    p . 355).

    ""1>_:

    78. 8essarlon
    Bessarlon Car4In.lls
    Cllr4'naUs
    6.luOo
    Galutlo Marl.e
    Marin SfortI.e
    Sfortlae
    Domino Mediolani.
    Donrino

    IIlustrissime
    IUustrissme nceps
    prineeps et exeellentissime
    exceUent.ssime domine. Venit istuc
    istue ad
    dominationem vestram illustrissimam
    1lustrissnam Isach. domini I oannis Argiropuli
    S3 s"PI',,""pt:
    s.. pr,,""p"": B.
    . Epitcopos
    8: Sabillll
    Sabnlls.
    c..nI"i"oli
    c..rloH I-triarcha
    -triarcha Con.taot:i.uopoll,
    Con.tantiopoU_
    tan .... Nlcaenus.
    NIcaen .... iUu,tri
    iUustri.. jmo principi
    princ!pi et excelie"ti.simo
    Clleo.,Mo dOtniDo.
    dOtni<>. domino
    domiDO Gaieatio
    Gal:atio
    MI..u..
    M.iu. Slorclae
    Sforclae Madi<>1ani.
    Modi<>lani.
    Ep.18.
    .18. EiD.
    Ei. Empfehlung
    Epehlwg fnr
    , ]ohanneA
    ]ohanne

    Arsy~opul<>. Sob!r.
    <>
    Sob haak
    ... <

    vom ).
    ) . April
    ril

    '473.
    ' 47 3 .
    Oberliefaruog:: Aochivio
    Oberlieferung
    Aochiio di Stat<> iD
    i M.jJpnd
    M.jle"d (~0II"
    (~OII. .torica:
    stori",,: Aut<>gl"&fl,
    togafl, V
    ...
    covi.
    coi. Argiropulo Giovanni).
    Govaani). Anred
    Ared ....
    .. und
    nd 1)ntenochrift.llfd
    Untenchrifta.. ld .... RIIckseit
    Rnckseit... E_IS
    _, hara
    bnaua... geS "bco bei
    !,"'P6.;, Apyupo....w..,
    .. A*,\VIX;
    '910,32_323.
    ges"ben
    b! 1;1<.
    . AIX
    ",6.;,
    'Ayuo....w..,...
    ... 'E
    '
    ~VIX; 1910,
    32_323.

    "'.

    13ESSARION1S
    J3ESSARIONXS

    '64

    filius, accitus litteris


    ltteris dominationis vestrae excel1entissimae,
    excellentssimae, quem, quia
    scimus aliquo Romine
    nomine et existimatione
    existmatione esse apud dominationem vestram
    excellentissimam, qui ad hunc
    hune scripserit, ideo nos
    ! quoque commendatione Rostra
    nostra dignum
    dgnum utavimus.
    putavimus. Commendamus itaque hominem dominationi vestrae excellentissimae,
    ut Domini et
    existimationi,
    existmationi, quam 5
    ea de Isach Rostro
    nostro concepit, aliquid
    alquid Rostra
    nostra commendatione addatur,
    qua
    quo sentiat nostram commendationem sibi non
    fuisse
    fusse vulgarem. Bene
    valeat dominatio vestra.
    vaieat

    Ex
    Urbe, die 3. Aprilis 1472.

    79. Bessarlon
    Be.ssarton Cardln.lIs
    (.'l8I
    Prlorlbu, et
    Communl CfvJlaUs
    CfvJIaUa SenensIs.
    Senensls.
    Magnifici viri,
    , amici Dostri
    nostri carissimi, eum
    curn ex
    itinere Rostra
    nostro in Ga!Galliam Bononiae essemus,
    essernu., vidimus legatum
    Iegatum domini magni Rusciae, qui
    ad Urbem se conferebat, ut nepotem imperatoris Graecorum pro do-mino suo
    desponsaret. Res est nostrae curae
    a et
    sollicitudinis. Nam pn.5
    prin.15
    cipum Graeciae reliquias
    rcliquas ex tanta ealamitate
    calamitate servatas eum
    cum benivolenta
    benivolentia
    et misericordia
    misecordia semper sumus prosecut,
    prosecuti, tum
    turn patriae ac
    ae gentis communi
    quodam necessitudinis vinculo
    vineulo omni
    tempore adiuvandas eensullnus.
    censuimus.
    Nunc, si hic legatus sponsam ducet facietque iter pe.r
    Nune,
    per fines vestros,
    vestros. vos
    $
    rogamus
    roganus et obtestamur, ut eius adventum hono.re
    honore a1iquo
    aliquo eelebretis
    celebretis eu20
    cu20
    retisque humaniter omnes accipiendos.
    aecipiendos. ut, eum
    cum apud dominum suum
    fuent, argumenta
    argunenta aliqua afferre
    affee valeant amoris populorum Italiae erga
    fuerint,
    hane pu.ellam. Quod magnam ei gratiam, vobis laudem
    hanc
    Iaudem eomparabit.
    comparabit.
    Nobis vero tanti beneficii
    benefieii loco
    Ioeo erit,
    e.rit. ut pro eo
    CO vobis perpetuo debere
    velimus. Bene valete.
    25
    2lS
    Bononiae, die 10.
    . Ma
    Maii 1472.
    472 .
    10 S
    S,,"'S(;l'ipw:
    ..",as(;l'iptw: B-"!.rio.
    .. ". IOpiOCOPWl
    piocopw Sabin
    Sabi.II .....;',
    ia .:ardinaJis
    .:ardllali$ Nie&l'lIlu.,
    NiC&l'lI1u patria.rcba
    Couotaatinopolitanlla,
    Ctaatillopoltalllla. 8.1;.
    soii apostolicae
    postolicae ]egatu$,
    legatu$, magnilicis
    magnilCis viris dominlA
    domil prioribue
    prioribII& et
    cl:
    eotnmuui
    oomnU civito.tis
    ciVt.tis Sen"ensia,
    5efensia. amicis
    amcis nostris cariMim;".
    car;8.".;,.
    Ep.79.
    .790 Eill
    ll Empfehlullguchuiben
    Empfehlullguchuibet fO"
    fOr den G,,
    G 'u ndten
    ndteD des ....,
    I .
    ... jIItb
    jvb.... G .. ofOntoa
    o ..toa
    (I
    ( ..... 111).
    IU). der
    de:r na .... Rom ullte
    ullt......
    ..... egs ist.
    ist, "'"
    um dort die Verlob.,lIg
    Verlobnllg der Nicht
    Nichte de!I
    deI K.iscn
    Kascn
    VOll By
    V011
    "
    ....nz (Zoe)
    (!) mit
    1t dem Grofanten
    GroBfOntell in
    die Wege z
    .. leiten,
    Jeiten. Beuarion
    Be arion b:ittet
    bittet die Stadt
    Siena. dem Gesaudten
    Gesandten bei seiner Durchreise
    Durclreise du:rcb ihr Gebi.et alle
    alIe Aufm
    AufncrkAmkeit
    ....kAmkeit
    :o .. teil
    tei1 ...uden
    ...rden :Oll
    :> lassen. VgJ.
    Vgl. da:r:u
    da:r: T heodori Caue Ep.
    . 5,
    5. unten S. sn
    577 f.

    na""

    Oberlieferung:
    OberHeferuug: Areh.ivio
    Arcl.Vo d eUo ,u,to
    stato di Siena,
    Siea. Concistoro,
    Conctoro. J.ettere
    Lettere ad ..,nllm
    ...,num
    '472. - Druckaut
    DJ'.,cka." gabe,
    gabe: E.
    . Legralld
    Legrand ., Cent-dix
    Cent-dx lettres grecqua
    gre<:Qu_ de Fr. Filelfe.
    Filelf... Paril
    Pari
    .892,
    ,892. .
    p. 289. Vgl. P
    .. Pierling. La Rnoo.ie.,t
    Rnoo.ie et l'Orient.
    IOriet . Mariage d'"n
    d'"II Tsu
    Tsar all
    _ .. V,UU:an.
    Vatcan.
    Paril
    Pari '891,
    '891. .
    p. 51
    jl..

    E.,ISTOLAE
    EPISTOLAE .

    80. Beaunon
    Besao CIIr(lnaUs
    CUall
    fr.trllts Dorn.s
    Canfa,.
    Cata,.
    fratrlltus

    Postquam in fraternitatem vestram sum assumptus et initiatu.s


    initiatus
    ista sanctissima reIigione,
    religione, optavi vehementer pignus aliquod et monu~ mentum meae fidei reJinquere, quo et divinae pietati satisfacerem et
    animo erga vos meo. Quom igitur crux aurea excellenti artificio elaborata, in
    qua veri ligni particula
    particuIa ehristianae
    christianae erucis
    cucis et
    eius divinae
    vestis nonnihil repositum est, mihi delata esset, statui eam donandam
    cum forma ipsa religioni
    relgioni eonsentaneum,
    consentaneum, tum
    turn
    domui isti. Nam opus est eum
    10omamento
    loomamento tantae domus et religionis amplitudine dignum. Donavi eam
    superioribus annis donatione inter vivos, sed apud me hactenus retinere
    li. In
    Galliam
    GaIiam vero profciscens
    proficiscens legatus
    Iegatus reipublieae
    reipublicae christianae
    christi.a.nae causa.
    ca.usa.
    volui.
    propono mihi et itineris longitudinem
    longtudinem et incertum exitum humanae
    relnquere. Ornandam curavi
    vitae, tutiusque iudico eam crucem vobis relinquere.
    lli
    argento, quo est conclusa, et adhibendam hastam,
    ut ad gestationem
    supplicationibus
    vobS, ut in
    divinae
    in
    supplieationibus sit accommodata, eamque misi vobis,
    indcium, fratemitatis nostrae argumenmaiestatis honorem, caritatis indicium,
    un utamini et exhibeatis
    exhibeatS populo venerandam, quom aut locus
    Iocu.s aut
    turn
    tempus postuJabit.
    postulabit. Iacobus ParIeo,
    Parleo, Gualterius Iustinianus, Iacobus
    20 Sceba, nostrarum rerum procuratores, vobis
    vobS ea.m afferent nostro no
    mine. Quam servandam et
    diligenter custodiendam curetis,
    curets, oramus in

    sempiternum domus caritatis ct


    fraternitatis nostrae argumentum, cui
    dicai pro mea in
    Deum pietate. Valete.
    hoc opus dicavi
    Bononiae In
    Idus Maias 1472.
    J Ss"W_unPIio
    ../Wauriplio;. Besario,
    Besu., ClU"diDa.li.!
    crdia1i. Nicael>ua,
    Nicaenua, fratribus
    fntibu. DomdS
    Domds Caritatis
    Caritatio WdteID.
    wdten.
    Ep.
    . So.
    &. Heuuion
    .,,,a.,> 1II:benkt
    ::benkt an>.
    a. l ~. M&i
    . 1.12. dem Soda1itium
    Soda1itiu<n S. Mariu
    Man..e Cantati.
    Caritat.
    ~u V.,nedig,
    Venedig, du Ibn ab
    aJ. Mitglied
    Mitgled aufgenommel>
    aufgenommen hatte, eine
    e.lI>e K",".~el in ein"",
    eillem
    kuostvolle.: go.ldenen
    rnit ailbenlenl
    aIbelenl Schait.
    Scbol> vor
    VO Jab"'n
    JaJ:",I> h
    ..tte er
    kllWltvolle.n
    goldenen ortragk.ru~
    Vortragk.rcu~ mit
    Scbait. Scbon
    batte
    di
    die.
    ... Schenkung in Auuicbt.
    A1$S.cht. wollu.
    wolltfl aber vorll.uIig
    vorll.ulig di.,
    die Kostbarke.it
    Kostbarkeit lIoch
    noch in..,;nem
    l>"';"er Hause
    behe
    sch zur Lega.tinWlreiH
    LegatoosreiM "'cb
    ",ch F ..... kdich
    kd:ich tilstet
    ilstet und an
    _l. die
    d..
    beha lten . Nu.nehr
    Nunmehr da er sich
    tlogewiflbeit
    UogewiBhet des meWlchliehen
    m.,oscllichen Lebel>S
    Lebens denkt
    denlrt - B
    mnion
    :: .. : filMte
    :sich "Dgst
    lngst schon
    krank
    kanJr. _, bitt
    h er eo
    e fQf
    fllr sicheret".
    sieh.....,... du Gacbenk
    Ge.henk jetzt
    jet.t schon .u"allhAndigel>.
    aUlalibAndigen.

    berlieferun,: Libro
    Oberlefefung:
    Lbro

    di T_t&!:nlMlti
    Test&mlMlti deo
    de ScdaJitiums
    So:IaJitiums zu Venedig. DneJi:DrucJ:
    .u.g.b.,:
    ausgabe: J.
    J . B.
    . Scbioppalalb.,
    Scbioppalalba, In
    11> pcrantJquan
    perantJquam oacram
    MCram Tabul&n1
    Tab"am Gnec:am.
    Guecam. insipi
    insigni
    Sodalltio S. M&ri&e
    Sodalitio
    Maria.e C&ritatis
    C&ribtis V.,oetia.rum
    Venetia.rum a Canlinale
    Car:!il1&l., Bessarione
    Besao" .. dono
    dol>o datam
    datan DiIlSflr"DiIlSOr"tatio. Venetiis
    Ve.:etiis 1767,
    I767 , .", .
    p. '36--'
    '36--'-4'
    ..

    BESSARIONIS

    81, Bcssarlon CardInaIIs


    Cardlnalls
    Ludott. Frantorum
    Frantorm Re",
    Ref,
    LudovttO

    Serenissime princeps et illustrissime


    i1lustrissme domine, domine mihi
    milu eolencolen itinere, osteaquam
    posteaquam sum ex Urbe
    dissime. Nusquam deflexi ab instituto
    ut ad maiestatem vestram pervenirem. Nam meum legationis 5
    egressus, !
    egres.sus,
    obeundae officium pissimaque
    pssimaque pontificis maximi mandata vix
    ::c valeale
    tudinis eurandae
    tudini5
    cura.ndae inclinatacque
    inclinataeque aestatis
    aestati5 recrea.ndae
    recreandae spatium relinquebant,
    eum
    cum praesertim res gallicae
    gallieae undique tumultus
    tumuItus et eae<les
    cae<ies parturirent,
    armatique exercitus, quod sine maximo
    maxmo animi
    < dolore scribere non
    possum, ad eruentam
    cruentam dimicationem
    dies magis eompararentur.
    compararentur.
    10
    dimieationem in
    Hae una eogitatione
    Hac
    cogitatione et eura
    cura ne<:
    : salutis meae nec imbecillitatis
    imbecilIitatS rationem
    cum aut Cinisium rnontem Alpesque difficiHimas
    diffieillimas
    t ionem ullam duxi, eum
    superabam aut reliquurn
    relquurn iter asperrimum conficiebam
    confieiebam . Nul1um
    Nullum enim
    ehicu1i genus, nulla acceIeratio
    vehleuli
    acceleratio tanta esse poterat, quantam sedes apostolica
    ehristianum
    chri5tianum nomen pietas maxime
    maxme posulabat
    stoliea meaque in
    postulabat hac 15
    rerum
    rem conditione et fortuna . Narn eum
    cum pontife.x
    pontifex maximus hanc
    hane nationem
    rebus gestis amplissimam multitutU.neque
    rnultitudineque paene infinitam, euius
    cuius opibus
    ae virtute Dei ecclesia et secundis
    ac
    secund S rebus omata est et difficillimis temternporibus defensa,
    defens, mutuis
    rn!> seditionibus bellSque
    bellisque labefactari intelligeret,
    ingemuit vehementer
    ehementer ac
    ae ro
    pro bo
    boni pastoS
    pastoris officio deIigendum
    deligendum statuit,2'O
    qui gregem Dorninicum dissidentem mutua eornponeret
    cornponeret pa.ce
    pace et quiete,
    ne impetum
    Jmpetum faciat saevissirnus lupus, eui
    cui nornen
    nomen ehristianum
    christianum iam diu
    est ludibrio. Multi
    quidern
    quidem ingenio
    ngen et
    sapientia praestantiores mitti po
    ternnt, sed qui me voluntate superarent
    terant,
    supernrent et studio rei eonficiendae,
    conficendae, pauci.
    Nam,
    ut eetern
    cetera ams
    atiis eoncedam,
    concedam, religion
    elgion is
    s amore
    amoe vinci turpe
    tuIpe esset eum
    cum 25
    Narn,
    anteactae vitae, tum
    turn praesenti aetati.
    aetati. Cum autem
    autern omni itinere
    t admodum suspensus et sol1icitus
    sollicitus fuerim,
    ,
    ut prius adessem.
    adessern. quam manus consererentur, nunc
    nune maxime angor et crueior,
    ccior, quod me quoque tanta celericelen1 s ..p"....', ...,.Iit>:
    B"l?rion cartlinali.
    ",,,,,,
    illustrissimo
    Urtrisiuo dom;n"
    ,.lit>: B"nrion
    cartlinali....
    "",","'
    ..;mo
    imo principi ct
    domi"o
    Ludovi<::<>.
    Ludo<::<>. FraDcoruon
    FraDcoru,," regi
    egi chri.ti
    chri.t.i ....;,...;mo.
    i,...;mo. domino
    don;no m;b;
    m;bi colendiwimo.
    coledi$iuo.

    .ieh.

    Hp.
    Beuario" wendet .icl. nachdem
    LegatioDar<rise in
    . 8 . Bes."rion
    n"chdom er auf
    " seiner
    seiDer Leg"tiODar<>ise
    Sau",,,
    Sau ... n.
    ....
    a.n der 1..oi
    1.. ..
    ..., angekommen ...... ,. Augu.t
    Aug.t '~12 .....
    an dden
    .. n Knig
    ; von
    > FranJn-deb.
    Franldcb. dem er
    nochmals den Zw...,k seiner Sendung.
    nochm"J5
    Sendullg. dabei
    dabe aucb die Grilnde der Verzgenlng
    VezOgenng seill
    sei ......
    ....
    Fahrt bekanntgibt. Wichtig ist Ihm
    Ih ... i;
    .......
    .....,er Unie
    Uni.. die 'Bellegung
    Beile!ruq der krieg"riseben
    kriegerischen V.,.
    .
    wirrungen
    wrungen in
    Frankreicb.
    Fra.nkre:icb. DeowegeJI ,",olle er sobald
    soba1d als
    . mglicb
    rnglicb mit
    nit dem
    den KOnig
    Knig
    ~u
    oammeDtreff""
    d .... in
    oamrn"Dtreff.... und dann sofort
    ofort den
    den
    deD Streit vl(lfWickdten
    vcrw;ckdt"" H~ von
    " Bretagne
    aWluch
    auJouchen.
    .. n. Zum Sclol"B
    ScloluB empfiehlt
    "n er &eiDen
    ....".." vorausgeschickten
    vo.ugecbickten Begleite>',
    BegIe:ic, dell
    den Bi"Cbof
    Bcbof
    vOn
    > P.....,
    ....., .... o.
    . d .... N&he_
    Nahe .... mllndlich
    nUndlch vortr&&"n wer<le.
    werde.

    berlieferung: Autogr"pb"m
    Autograpbum D . dHeroual.
    (DaCb D'Acbery):
    Oberlief"rung:
    d"roual (oacb
    Dcbery): Dru ckau
    cl",, '$ -
    gaben: L. DAcbe.y,
    D'che'' SpiciJea:;um
    SpiciJea:ium Veterum
    V"t<lrum "liquot
    aliquot scriptorum. qui
    qU in GaU;_
    G,It_e
    .. bbJio
    biblioth...,il, mlU<irn"
    th...,i.,
    m,.,.irne Benedicti"orum,
    Benedictioorum, latuerant.
    I"tuera3t. IV.
    . P"ri.
    Pari. ~
    J~'.

    p . 401 . - H iemach
    iernach (f.,hl",..
    (fehl"'"
    haIt) Xi
    gn"
    " PG ,, 61
    6 . 699''"'1.
    6g9' 1Oq.
    halt)

    567

    EPISTOLAE.

    tate fesso et paene praesente belli saevitia


    saevita nuIla
    nulla ex parte eonquiescit,
    conquiescit,
    Utinam uno momento apud maiestatem tuam il.!ustrissimosque
    mustrissimosque duces
    Burgundum et Britannum mihi adesse liceret,
    lieeret, diviso etiam
    etam hoc eorpuscorpuseulo
    culo in
    tres partes, ut
    uno ordine armis
    armS repressis de communi dignitate,
    5 amplitudine, salute
    sa1ute ageretur, Id quoniam
    quonam fieri
    lieri non
    potest, molestissimolestSSi
    mum est.
    Sum omnes aditurus mandato pontificio,
    plntificio, ac instituto
    iostituto ordine legaio! primum ad te venio, christianissime
    christianSsimeprinceps,
    princeps, quoniamtuaecelsiquoniam tuae eelsitionis
    tudinis ratio ita poscit.
    poscH. Me eonferam
    conferam deinceps ad illustrissimum ducem
    10 Britannum, eum
    cum et proximus sit,
    8, et strietis
    strictis prope gladiis
    gladis proelium impendeat. Maiestatem tuam rogo per maiorum laudem immorta1em,
    immortalern, per
    ehristianissimi
    christianissimi nomen, quod domesticum
    domestieum est et haereditarium, per exmisericordae gloriam, per Christi
    Christ maiestatem,
    maiestatern, qua
    ee1lentem
    ce11entem pietatis et miserieordiae
    tanti reglli
    eg gubernacula iam diu tenes, ut oe
    proelio abstineas prorogatis
    15 indutiis,
    indutis, quae,
    ut audio, die lunae insequenti exiturae sunt. Ego paulo
    p;t
    post adero Deo duce
    duee maiestatisque tuae consiliis
    consils religiosissimis et vo
    luntate optima ea meditari et perficere
    perfieere studebo, quae tibi, re1iquis
    re1iqus omnibus principibus, communi libertati praesidium sempiternamque pietatis laudem videntur allatura. Misi nunc
    nune reverendum pattern
    patrem dominum
    20 Bartholomaeum, praesu1em
    praesulem Parentinum, virum
    Vrum eum
    cum ingenio,
    , tum
    turn fide
    lide
    non
    vu1gari
    vulgari praeditum, qui hae<:
    haec meo nomine rogabit exponetque alia
    nonnulla eoram.
    coram. Oro, ut audias hominem fidemque
    fdemque habea.s ac mihi
    mih
    , si adessem; a me enim proficiscitur
    profieiscitur et loquitur.
    ipsi,
    Felix sit maiestas vestra, eui
    cui me commendo.
    Samuro, die 15. Augusti 1472.
    Ex
    Maiestatis vestrae
    deditissimus B.
    . eardinalis
    cardina1is Nicaenus,
    apostolieae sedis legatus.
    apostolicae
    legatus.

    82. Besunon
    Be5l8fIon can11nalls
    ca,I1InaIIs
    BfIt8nnJae.
    Ducl BnaonJae.
    I1lustrissime et
    Illustrissime
    excellentissime domine. Si per aetatem meam et

    incerlam valetudinem mihi celerius isthuc


    incerfa.m
    isthue pervenre
    pervenire licuisset, fecis5em
    feo:::issem
    profecto et
    libenter et
    ex mandato pontfcs
    pontificis maximi,
    maxiui. Eius enim sancsane-

    Ep.
    . 82. Am
    gl";c.h~
    gl";c.h~n
    .. Tag
    Ta.g W~
    wi~ an
    a .. d .... Knig
    nig vo

    .. Fu
    J'noIeich
    .. kreich (Ep.
    (. 81) waodto
    wa .. dte Bes
    ...
    .
    doo sich mit di"elD.
    di""em Schreibeo
    Schreibe .. ...
    an du Her~<>g von
    BTetag
    etag.
    ... , Wjo,
    Wie dort betoot
    beto .. t
    .... die Notw .... digkeit des
    d811 inneren
    in.ere: Friede
    Friel.eo.
    d811 Laod
    ... uod
    ~er gep:
    gep:,.,.tm
    ... des
    Laooes
    u .. d be:chtet
    be:richtet vo"
    .. nt....
    ReiM
    ReH su
    5 dem Heraog
    Hera<>g v
    .... BUTgU
    ud
    .. d wie
    we su
    5 ihn>
    wn> , ET
    habe seine
    sene Fahrt b 2'
    ES bleuBlgt,
    bI""oJgt, UID.
    um
    AUI';n..,deneuung=
    Aul';neod_uunge ",it
    mit d_
    den Waffen
    Waffe bei.zuIeg
    beizuleg.... ; doch
    do:h mullte er erfalue
    erfaIueo,
    ... da8
    da der
    ~ocb"'" dem
    d ..... KDif
    Kag ",ud
    ,l!d d_
    deao H ....608
    zos ve.-eUtbute
    ereUbute Waff..... tillItand
    tilltad va

    .. oe"h T
    .....

    "c=.

    568

    BESSARION
    BESSRIONIS
    IS

    dtas,
    titas, eurn
    cum graviter animo
    anmo angeretur ob intestinas nationis
    nationS istius dissmdss\
    sioes et diutuma be11a,
    siones
    bella, me isthuc
    isthue legatum mittendum statuit, ut eius
    pastorali voce tam
    tarn nobilem christiani
    chriJ>tiani gregis
    gregts patem
    paTtern ad pietatem et
    societatem rnutuarn
    rnutu3rn revocarem. Nam vel a christiana fortuna, quae
    summo in discrimine est posita. vel a communi principum salute et 5
    dignitate nihil magis alienum accidere
    accdere poterat, quam ut tanta natio,
    multitudine hominum, fortunis rei bellicae et sapientiae Iaude florenmultituctine
    tissima, suis
    sus ods
    od.iis conflietaretur,
    confiictaretur, euro
    cum aliunde christianum nomen gravissimis incommodis et caIamitatibus
    calamitatibus iam
    lam diu sit
    5 debilitatum
    debi1itatum et a crudelissimo hoote
    hoste habeatur ludibrio.
    e
    "'
    Suscepi hanc
    hane profectonem
    profectionem nu11a
    nulla commodorum aut aetatis meae,
    quae infirmissima est, ratione habita. Acceleravique incredibili contentione,
    tone,
    ut in tempore adveniens concitata arma reprimerem. Iter ad
    fegern
    regem christianissimum
    christianssimum m
    primum institui, eum
    cum eius maiestatis amplitudo
    et ra.tio
    ratio ita postulat, tum
    ad illustrissimum ducem Burgundiae et exex-lli

    cellentiam vestra.m.
    vestram. eum
    Cum autern
    auten post lOl183om
    IOll8am peragationem
    pervagationem nuper certior factus ess:m
    eSSErn indutias sex dierum a30 vobis eum
    cum regia m30iestate
    maiestate ini
    tas die lunae finem habituras, tantum cepi
    dolorem.
    dolorem . quantum
    q,uantum maximum animus meus capere
    C30pere potest. Video enim
    enm me ante eam diem
    mem 30desse
    adesse
    oorpors et valetudinis imbecillitatem,
    imbecilltatem, eum
    m tamen
    tarnen alo
    paulo 20
    Don posse ob oorporis
    post Deo duce s im affuturus.
    Quam mihi
    mh iucundum esset, praestantissime
    pra.estantissime princeps, si dissecto
    hoc
    boc corpusculo, quod profecto pro Dei immort3olis
    immortalis laude hac in re non

    recusaverim,
    recusaverm,
    uno momento apud regem christianissimum illustrissimumque
    rnumque ducem Burgundiae et excellentiam vestram agere
    a.gere possem, quae2li
    cogito et mihi
    mhi mandata
    mandala sunt! Sunt enim omnia
    onn3o communi 1ibert3oti
    libertati ac
    saluti praesidum
    praesidium et dignitatem ampIissimam
    amplissimam allatura.
    allatur3.. Recreat autem
    autern
    me magnopere
    magnoere sapientia
    sapienta tua et pietas, cuius nomine ut ornatissimus
    ornatissmus es.
    plurimum te mea
    m cobortatione
    oobortatione et precibus,
    predbus, repressis aTa
    Confido enim p!rmm
    mis,
    ms, prorogaturum indutias ista.s,
    istas, quoad isthuc erenero,
    pervenero, ne frustra30
    magna corporis infinnissimi
    infinissimi defatigatione tantum itineris confecisse videar. Id autem
    anlern ut efficias,
    effCas, rogo, hortor, omni animi studio eontendo.
    <:ontendo.
    1 7 vobia)
    voba] nob.is
    nobis 1'.... ,. J 19. 26. 29. enim) .
    N. v"""".
    """.

    his zum
    ...
    n.cb.ten
    (bsten Montag _ du wa:re
    ware der '7. Augu.
    Auguott _ zu Ende gehe.
    phe. Bis
    dahin kOllllo
    "e
    ....."geaicht.t
    ... C ...
    .....
    ndheituu.tan.d ... zu
    einer
    ;(ht eilleffen
    "geaicht. sein
    sein""
    unlheil:8n.tan.d
    ..
    iner Auospr.oche
    IIspr.oc:he n
    n;cht
    eieffOII . Vor

    her ....OUe
    olle er Ilocl\
    ocl dell
    dOQ KOmg
    Ki trdfeu.
    trdfell. Den H""wg
    H",,:wg b.ittet
    bittet er zu
    einer Zu_m""ku"ft
    Zuoa.mm""kunft
    ;11
    ill Nant ... sich
    o.cl beet
    bereit zu
    m"cb"Q.
    mach eil. NI.h_
    NAh_ Auf&ebillue
    IIf&clIlIH llber
    ber sei"e
    oe:o Vorscll.ll.ge
    orscl.I.g......
    ....erde
    ordo
    ilun
    lun vorh
    voher
    er schou
    schOll der
    dor Bi~of von
    Par
    Paren:w
    .. ",.., (Piotro
    (Pietro Bartolomeo)
    BartolODleo) Euteil
    ~uteil word""
    werd"" 'a""'"
    '80 ......
    - Erfolg ....... dcm
    dem I ,gate!:!
    'pte Ilicht
    uCht b : 3 hied"".
    hie(len. Zu
    der geplanten
    gplant"" Aunprach.,
    Aunprache kam 80
    _
    "icht.
    ncht. Da die
    d;o heiden
    beden Henage
    Herzoge VOu
    Burgund und BTetague
    Betage hartnkkig
    hartnCk.g aof
    auf dem
    de:n Kries
    Kics
    behato.
    Dig den Legatea.
    Lsgate. bedo
    2 ~"",munri,""eu.
    Docl "",,_i.gcrte
    beha:rt ..". bat der KODig
    bUde 2U
    ~"",muniri"",,". Doch
    <las
    I.as B.s"
    ".
    rioll.
    OberJiefutlng
    b",rJi f ru g : Parh.
    Pari1. Bibl
    BibL nato
    nat. ColllIJCtjon
    Collsct;on Lcgrand.
    Logrand. XV
    fol.
    { 19'.
    19.5. - DruckDruek..
    uagab .. , H.
    . Vest.
    ". r.... Card;na[
    Beaario . Pari 878. App.
    . XV
    P'4.591
    ,4591 .
    auagahe,
    Cardina[ Besaarion

    """_i.gcrte

    EPlSTQLAE.
    EPISTOLAE.

    66'

    Cras cymbam ingressus


    ngressus secundo flumine
    flumne ad regem navigabo. Quem
    eum
    c:um fuero allocutus, adibo illustrissimam d ominationem tuam. Eam
    autem
    autern ut commodius adire possim, rogo ad urbem suam Nannetensem
    se conferat, ne terrestri
    teestri itinere
    itinee mihi et seni et fracto tantis laboribus
    li:; aliquo pervagare necesse
    nesse sit . Spero effecturum, ut rex quoque in
    proxi'llum
    'Ilum aliquem locum deveniat, ubi quae ad commune decus et quietem
    quietern
    maxime
    maxme pertinent, faciJius celeriusque disputari et abl'oolvi.
    arn>.olvi. poterunt.
    Praemisj
    domnum episcopum
    epscopum Parentinum, qui
    haec rogabit
    rogabt meis verPraemisi dominum
    bis et narrabit nonnulla coram. Oro homini
    homni adhibeas fidem. Mea enim
    10 sunt, qua.e
    quae proponet et loquetur.
    Bene valeat excellentia vestra.
    Ex
    Samuro die :I5.
    :15. Augusti r472.
    83. B_don
    8earlo Canilinalls
    CallInaIIs
    Sillto
    Qllarto
    SI:t Quarto
    Ponfl"d Malllrno.
    Ma:lrno.
    Be
    .

    . . rioll
    ll bericltet
    berichtet...,.
    an Pap.
    Papstt Sixtu.
    Si",t .. 8 I V
    ilbe"r
    be" ... ;n8
    ine Ttigkeit
    Tl.tglr.ei ab
    _. Legat
    Le_ ill
    ll Ftank-Fank-
    reich (1472).
    (472).
    Nachricht Obe. dieses
    dieses wa.bnocheinlich
    wa.bnochonJch nicht meh.
    neh. vorhande
    yohand".... Schreibo<o:
    Schreihe:o: P"ri.,
    Pari.,
    B>bl. n.t.
    B>bI.
    nat. Colle<:tloll
    c;.,Ue<:tlOIl Legra.nd
    Ugrt.nd XV
    foto
    195,
    ' 95, a ngefllbrt bei
    be H.
    . Vu
    t , Le C.rdina.l
    C.rdinal. Benarion.
    2OPari.
    20
    Pari18,8,
    818, .
    p . 416
    41611
    11.. Vgl'
    Vgl. Ba.nd I 4~5 n. 3

    84. Beparlon
    8ealo CardInalls
    Canllnalls
    Fratrbu& Dom.s
    DomII& CarItatI&,
    Fratrtblu
    Carltatl"

    Non

    poruit.
    honorficentius mea in
    vos
    os pietas accipi; nam video
    poruit. honorificentius
    omnia praestita esse in sanctissimis reliquiis aut dicandis aut veneran26 dis, quae vel 3d
    ad nomen divinum
    d.vinum coJendum vel ad mutuam caritatem
    ca.rtatem
    dedurandam pertinehant.

    pertinebant. Tanta autem


    autern praestitistis, quanta capere non
    9 enim)
    N V."
    v ., I 22 S ..fw....mptio
    ..
    .,n]
    fw""""pw : Spectabilibus
    Spect.bilibus virU
    irU "ultodlbus
    "u"todlb"" .. t .... liqu
    lq ....
    e<>lle8i~ nou,u. Caritatia,
    "l"K~
    Caritata., fTatribus
    fatrib1>s IIOStris
    IIOStri. eariMimifI,
    cariMmif, BM.
    BMU' rio cardi,..li.
    <:ardi .... li. salut
    a!utcn.
    ......

    s..

    Ep.s..
    Ep.
    Fl1r
    Fllr di
    .. Scl>.et1knng
    Scllet1knng Buudona
    :a,,~,.rin ( Ep.80)
    .80) hatte d .... Gu
    Cu ..rdiaDu.
    rda:u. CoUeg
    CoUeg
    Carit&tis
    Cart&ts mit
    nt aD"'"
    IIcn Dal:l.kllClU"1Oiben
    Da:kchzeiben vom
    6. Juli 1412 au.
    '""" V
    V"nedig
    .. nedig geantwolt
    gear_t"t
    .. t (bei
    (b<ti
    S"
    S;: b loppa
    la l alba
    .lb& a.
    &. a.
    &. O.
    . oben S.
    S . .563).
    $63). WO!"tU:ich,
    W<treich, ohne
    ohn., viel
    Vel lnha1t
    Inhalt wird bj .... von der
    de:r
    leiGrlichen
    ieirlchen be,tIagllng
    tJbe.tagllng der g_tiftoten
    g_tiftcten N.
    R ..liquleo
    liqulen berichtet. Z
    Zum
    .. n s..hluB
    5;:hIuB i. t mitg<tteilt:
    mitgetelt:
    utein ...
    mImen
    fit ....
    monum
    ~" utem
    "lIm ipsi divino
    divn tabernao:.ulum
    tabernao:.ulun. et
    uu........
    enttum
    .. m faberrimum
    faberrin .. m
    ill Ioco p""
    su~pti<>ne nom..lnis
    111
    "" i.
    . nostta<t
    nost"ae fn.t<tnt.itatia
    fn.tentat8 oelebri ..t o:onspicuo
    o:onsp\""o "cum
    .. subscripti<>ne
    nom..lns tu;

    bon<>riticeo.dfm8.
    bon<>riticeo.tifoima. _ Im
    VOt"lieg
    Vt"liegende
    ....d .... Briet brngt
    bringt Prr"rion
    p "SO'r01l Sill
    lll ' 3. Sept
    S<tpt .. mber '41~,
    i41~,
    be"e
    be"r<tib .uf
    _f "",er
    6fline:r franzllillisch
    franzlisch""
    .... LegatiOIl''''''''
    Legatll'''''''' U.
    l.YOD,
    Ln, ..an
    I!n.. F .... lld .. d&i1lbeT
    da11beT .."m
    ..,,111.
    Ap5druclo:
    Ap5dnclo: .

    tJb
    berliefe
    .. rl .,fe ruD g: Kodu:
    Kode.>: d_
    de J oha.un_
    ha.un_ Carolus
    CatU Si....,...
    Sivo. Druckau
    D.uckau sga be:
    b.: I . B.
    .
    Sc h ioppala
    ;a. lba
    b" a. a. O.
    . (I.
    . oben S,
    s, 5(3)
    56]) .
    p. '471 . nach
    acl d ..... g ........ lIteQ
    lIt<t>:I Kodex,
    Koda:, d M'en
    M"en
    AlI~ beute
    _bekannt ist.
    ll~
    bete unbelr..nnt
    Wt.

    67.
    670

    BESSARIONIS

    possum, nec debeo. Sunt enim divinae illius digna maiestatis, cuius
    causa et nos munus
    munns istud misimus, et vos
    vas tantis honoribus accepistis.
    accepistS.
    Istam tamen
    tarnen hilaritatem vestram, quoniam
    quonam amantissimis
    amantissimS mei animis
    ngentes tantae beneproficiscitur, perlibenter accipio. agoque gratias ingentes
    volentiae et caritati, cuius Damine
    nomine initiati
    injtiat sumus et fratres. Quod
    od in 5
    muuere honorando decrevistis de tabemaculo. cum benevolentiam
    munere
    agnosco erga me, turn
    vestrum in
    n res divinas s tudium maxime
    maxme admiror
    et laudo
    lando ; est enim piissimum et apud immortalem Deum uberrimum
    fructum vobis allaturum. Valete.
    Lugduni ldibus Septembribus I472.
    472.

    85. Besaarton
    Besarton Cardlnalls
    CardlnaIIs
    Sino
    Slxto Quarto
    Qarto
    Pontifici
    Pontfici Maximo.
    Pater beatissme,
    beatissime, venienti mihi e legatione mea in
    [taliam nihil
    optatius aut iucundius
    iucundus fore videbatur, quam ad sanctitatis vestrae
    vestcae prae-IIi
    prae-lli
    sentiam
    sentia.m pervenire eamque, ut debeo, colere et venerari. Accelerabam
    autem
    antern tanto studio ac perpetua itineris
    itineS contentione, quantam fortasse
    mei corports
    corporis imbecillitas diutumo itinere ac senio admodum confracti
    confract
    suf!erre non
    pot.era.t.
    poterat. Sed confisus nimium prosperae valetudini, qua
    sufferre
    iamdiu potitus enun,
    eran, omnes labores, difficultates, molestias itineris 20

    Ep.8!1
    .83 . Di_ obne
    oJ Obf,_brift
    Obe_brift und tnit
    tnt intClmlichem
    i'tCImlchem Oatum ('
    (1 462) O!>erlielert.
    llberlieferte
    :8riel
    Brief ist das
    d& letrte
    letn., ScbriJtsttlcl<,
    Scbriftsttlc1::, daa
    d ... wi~ Vtln
    Bennio.,",
    B ..... ~o." H .... d besiuen. Vast
    v t boZOfI
    OfI d_
    den Briel
    Brief auf
    a ..f di
    die
    .. deut&ehe
    dellt&ehe Lef!
    Le!.tio
    .. tio.",.. B""
    B""ario.,,*
    rio... u.,d
    und .uchte du D.tum
    n ..tum in
    i., 1461 !
    ~
    ~ Eu-rn
    EHem (H.
    (. v
    ...
    t,
    , Le Cardioal
    CardinJ B="rio.n,
    BM.. rion, ,
    p . 232
    2!12 .,.
    n . ). IrnQmlich
    Irrt11mlieh ist dah.da.b.. a"ch
    auch meine
    Angabe. die sich
    aich auf Vaat
    v ...t stlltste
    atQtzt. (Band I 303 0.. 7). Eine An.... EHnb.it
    Epnb"it B"S9'do.n.
    B"S9"rion& nach
    nacb
    ""nlOT deutechen
    ""o.eT
    deutschen Legation
    Leg.tio in
    . Ravenna. ist
    S .poluyph.
    .pokrypb. Da
    Da.B deT
    dlOT Brief
    BreI sich
    oi DI::bt .111
    au1 die
    d"
    deut8Cbo Leg.tion
    Legation beu..lt.
    beu..b.t. e>:gbt
    ugibt sich
    sicl d ....
    .....u . da
    d&I der Kanlioal
    anlioal dem Papat schreibt.
    chreibt.
    eT h&be
    habe ibm Qt>er
    o,t>cr das
    d ErgebDl'
    ErgebDls ...."'... SeD.dun&
    SeJ.d"n& Dicht g,,g.s- briebon
    brieben und woUe
    wou.. alIeo
    alIeo mQnd,
    mOnd,
    lieh
    ch berichten.
    bericht.. n. Du
    }) triHt
    triUt IOr
    die Reise
    Rese nach Deutlcliland
    Deut.clland nun
    . g.r
    gar nicht
    ncbt Zu.
    . denn
    deo.n d&r1Iber
    Iiegeo.
    Uegeo. gan~ ..
    au,
    u. fllhrliebe
    fBht1icbe Bericht..
    Bericl Vtlr
    (Ep.
    (. 4',
    4'. 46). Ein
    ao.d...-er
    .nd<er Urutand
    Uut&o.d ist
    du
    der
    Gesllndh<!ito~lIatand df$
    Ges"ndb&t~uatand
    der; BriefsclIreibers.
    Brefsclreibers. WohI
    Wohl "'ar
    ",.,. B""
    Btt"rion
    rioo. ."ch
    aueh damals
    dan.,I. im
    : eig
    eigeo.t.... tIichoon
    Ikh!o. Sinne
    Sine krank. Du schrieb
    chrieb er.n
    er &0. Amm&nati.
    Amm.nati. Imm ....l:Un
    l:i" ....... er nicbt I",
    .. hch$ter
    hch$te
    ot;
    den er hoffte
    boffte .ufLinden>ng
    &ufLidenng Mi.n_
    Stei.o.Jeidens dorch
    Wsor vOn
    . La. Portta,
    Not; denn
    Mines Steinleidens
    durch du WUSIOr
    Po~
    ulld ........ zu
    Bol"....
    I"...& (Ep.47).
    (,47), Hie"< h&ben
    haben wir es
    jelocb
    jedocb mit .....
    eUlem
    en Tod
    To:Ikra_""
    ......"" "tpo.. der lIeio.
    T_tao.ellt m
    cbt und den
    P&pt
    deo. letzten
    Iet.tell Sege
    .. bittet:. Der Briel
    tun.
    lIein Teslam,,"t
    macbt
    deli P.p&t
    um den
    Segen
    Brief
    gehrt
    geb.rt dernllach
    dennach in
    . du
    das Jahr 1412,
    '412 , gescbrieben
    geschrieben ....
    ..... 31.
    3 . Oktobu zu
    Ravenna."WO
    Raven!l&. WO BMsarion
    Besarioo.
    ....
    ..... 18.
    18, Novcmber
    November g
    etrtev.
    ..to-rbev. ist.

    """'er

    Oberlieferung: Venedig. Bibi.


    Bibl. Ma;.1at,
    Ma;.1at. CIaM.IX
    C\aM. Cod. U4
    ~ .. 11.
    n . !I
    j (alter..
    (t1tero Sian&S~
    tllr: LX
    tur:
    L Cod
    Cod.. .,
    '14)
    .. ),. _ Entmalige
    Eto.a1IB Allsg.ba
    Ausg&be .bei
    . be H.
    . Vut.
    V&.t. Le Cardio.&l
    Cardio.al J3:-r
    J3T,rQP.
    ..iop. Paris
    PaV
    1878, p.3j2,
    p.3.52, n
    n.I).
    . ). Deutxhe
    Deut8che Obeuatzllng
    Obesetzung ' be:j
    be:; E.
    . Rochon,
    RochoII, J3EFP"ion.
    J3EFPvion. Le~
    Lei~ ''}004,
    ''}0<4,
    S. :log.
    tog.

    071

    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

    spemebam, proptereaque nihi1


    nihi! scripsi ad sanetitatem
    sanctitateDl vestram, sperans
    me propediem affuturum re1aturumque
    relaturumque ore proprio. quod litteris
    ltteris man*
    dari
    poterat. Cum
    Curo autem alium eventum reshabuerin.t,
    reshabuerint, quam putabam,
    expediens visum est has scribere atque omnia
    omnia. sanctitati
    sanetitati vestrae signi5s fkare.
    ficare.
    Audivit,
    AudVt, ut existimo,
    exStimo, beatitudo vestra iam pluribus diebus me
    adversa valetudine laborare ideoque Ravennam substitisse,
    ut ibi aegritudine liberatus ac
    a e recreatis viribus, cum meis,
    meS, tum
    turn meornm,
    meorum, postea
    ad vos profciscerer
    profieiscerer redditurns
    redditurus rationem eorum, quae in
    hac profectione
    10 a me fuerunt administrata. Cumque
    Curnque me iam sanum putarem et de
    itinere eogitarem,
    cogitarem, ecce nescio quo pacto
    paeto iterum
    Herum aegritudine eorreptus
    correptus
    sum, quae diversis variisque
    varusque dolorum accidentiis
    accdentiis adeo me cruciavit,
    cnciavit, !
    ut
    in maximam vitae meae suspicionem discrimenque
    discmenque venerim, etsi ea
    vid~ aliquantuIum
    aliquantulum alleviatus. n
    Non ignorans tamen
    tarnen in hoc saeculo nihil
    nibit
    15 esse perpetuum, certamque ac
    stabiltatem uncuique
    in
    ae stabilitatem
    unicuique mortem, non
    dignum iudicavi,
    iudieavi, si depositis
    depostis eonscientiae
    conscientiae oneribus animam Deo reconciliarem, ut, si allud
    aliud evenerit et
    et in me natura eursum,
    cursum, quem debebat,
    effecerit, eam ereatori
    creatori reddam mundam et immaculatam.
    immaculatarn. Quam rem,
    rem .
    pater sancte,
    sanete. ut etiam decentius possim efficere,
    efficere. sanctitatis
    sanetitatis vestrae auc20 toritas
    totas et benignitas non
    parnm
    parum necessaria est, quae cunctis Christi fideUbus, ut vult,
    , divmam gratiam impartitur.
    libus,
    Itaque eam rogo, obsecro et obtestor, ut peccatorum meorum
    plenariam remiss.ionem
    remiss.onem elargiri ac dispositionem testamentariam
    testamentaam et rerum
    meannn
    mearum ordinationem,
    ordinationern, quam fecero,
    fecero. confinnare dignetur. Quod iterum
    itenm
    25 atque iterom
    iterum supplico, ut minime negetur. Si vero
    supervixero,
    supervxero, omnem
    praestabo operam,
    operam. studium
    studum,. diligentia.m,
    diligentiam. ut debito meo satisfiat ac di
    gnae ro
    pro tanto officio
    gratiae reddantur. Sin aliter de me Deus statuet,
    statuet.
    accedet et hoc profecto ad maximam sanctitatis
    sanctitatS vestrae laudem et gloriam
    m immortalem.
    30
    Felix sit beatitudo vestra, cui me humillime commendo.
    commendo .
    Ravennae. die
    Ravennae,
    d ultimo Octobris q.62
    r462 (sic).
    (sie) .
    Sanctitatis
    5anctitatS vestrae
    humilis servitor
    servtor
    Bess:arion Cardinalis Nicaenus.
    Bessarion
    3 Cum
    CUID]1 QuUID
    Quum M
    I 20
    JO Cumque]
    Cumque 1 Qullmque
    QtlllDq .. e

    fI(

    THEODORI GAZAE
    ATQUE ALIORUM
    EPISTOLAE.
    Gau.'
    G&Ie.' Briefe
    ref. liege<>
    legO in
    d_
    den HaDdachriftet>
    Hadachriftat> ochOD
    chO teilw,.;x
    teihrmx gMammalt
    IH,mmelt lIOI.
    .
    AJtd... ciAd
    cid einzela
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    1> d
    .......
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    biete hier d.ie br
    Naher uDged.ruckteD
    unged.ruckten Stacke.
    deDlID
    leb
    CI dle
    die gednu:1rten
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    (. I .. 2.
    2 . 5. I).
    ). I ..) Dach
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    m..it den
    d .... H&II!bo;hrifteD
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    . chronolollische!'
    chroaolollsche Reibenfo"e,
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    W"IIII.btebe ist ein
    ei v<)D.
    <) J, Fr.
    Boi"ol1~de
    Boi"OD~d
    . Anecdota Gnoc.
    GlOC. Vol.
    ol. V.
    . Parisiis
    ParisH. 1833,
    11133, .
    p. 4118-..
    408-.. 19 (bei
    (be:i Migue
    Migo.e PG 161,
    loc8 101.. ) l8rau.gebe
    luc8
    hem~bener
    ... BriC,
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    den Iricb
    cb 1eider
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    Ep.
    . I.
    . Mit
    dies:
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    '" Brief
    "V<Im
    vom Novembet
    November 1'151
    1'151 BbetmitteIt
    Obetnittelt G.~es
    Ga~u dem U.meD~me
    trio . und Geo"Io
    Georglo s (nach
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    Demetti o5)
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    , s VOD
    By_.
    By:ar.
    erteilt hat.
    erteiIt
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    de:a d8c:l.o!
    d8c).~( sind
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    nacl P
    ohne Z
    Zweifel
    ...eif.1 Ga_' e~ene
    e~elle BrQder
    Bra der zu
    ll >'_
    etehea,
    atmen, Die
    De theologixh
    the:>1ogixh .... A ....,;nudenrot.l1DCD.
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    zwic:heD
    iIeh~n Griechea
    Griechen IIDd
    und Latmoern
    Latnnern
    hllt er Mr
    htlt
    Dutdoe. Die
    De Ha
    Ha"pt.cb.
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    ihn di.
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    lIegges.... die
    < tIIrkiachfID
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    Eroberer, Deu
    De P&p8t
    Pa,*, (Nikolaus
    (NkolallS V)
    ) IICh.I.tzt ...
    er 1011
    a11 einen
    e:i.nen ehrlichen
    lclIOII
    heIIDd
    FTet d.r
    der Griecllen
    Grioclea , Abet
    Aber all.
    alle sei
    e ao deren
    deeu ZurtimmuDII
    Z"tin"11 iD
    iP den
    dOll kircblkbeo
    kirhlkheo Fragen
    ~en. Betr. d ... von
    Men.
    GaUl
    G&I Obenetzt.n
    llbersetztell SclIre.ibens
    Sclre.ibens Nilolaus'
    Nikolaus' V
    V "gI.
    ,l. BaDd I 270
    270 D.
    . I .
    Der Brid
    Bid ist handschriftlich
    h&Ddschrftlich aberliefert
    IIb.rl.f.rt : Mai1and,
    M.1&Dd, Bibl.
    Bibi. A&:ntn-.
    A,:nb. Cod.
    11,".
    sr. P
    119 "'p.
    "'. fo1.
    fol. ;t6-36v
    ;t6-36V (- );
    p); Cod , 11,.
    gr. D 118 iDf.
    iPf. (- D)
    ) ; Rom, Cod. Vat.
    .. 8'".
    sr.
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    foI ...
    "0

    ofO
    40 v
    ((_
    _ B).
    ). _
    P
    (vgl.
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    oben S. 2(6)
    206) bietet eine
    e:iD.. Zuaammell.lltellung
    ZIIa.:n,:ne""tel.l.ung V<>II
    =
    eiPjgeo.
    igeu Brlefeo
    Befeo G,
    Ga ' (hierEp. l. 3- r3) 10
    !. -cflltipr
    -Fl.ltipr Reinochrift,
    Reinocluift, die
    d. "\t8nC:hiedent-venchiedelltliehe
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    tlIllt di.
    die gleiche
    I:h. Nochlhejgkeiteo
    N,cb!"-;gkeiteD &lIfweist.
    (!. obm
    1.'5'" 160. 206. 236) ....
    _Utlt
    llei:he
    Sa",unlllllll,
    S:a.nnlnllll, vermehrt
    enebrt 11
    um Ep.
    . IJ4
    .. 10
    !. _iger oorgfll.tiger
    orgfI.I.tig... Schrift.
    Schift. B
    (VIII.
    (!. oben S. a06.
    a36) bi_
    bietet die
    d. gleiche
    g1eiche SammluDII
    Sannl"11 wie
    ''i: P
    .. Der vorUegeode
    orUegend. BrIet
    Brlet (Ep.
    (. I)
    ) 1st
    ht h
    ier offeDbar
    offenbar
    erst eino
    eine spltere
    ptere B=ipbe.
    Blipbe. 1m
    Im Ges-t
    Gerae..
    ."
    111. der
    d ... l/OIlst
    on.t einheitlic;h lIefertigten
    geferti.gte:n Handlldlrift
    Hand1ld:rift
    ist foI ...G---.f0v
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    anderer Hand
    HaDd gllChrieben
    gllCbrieben 11M
    "u!. aaf
    allf einem.
    e:i.nen lPehrlach
    Peh.tlach gefaltet
    efa1t6t so
    .w_en
    _ e n Blatt
    B1att nacbtrig1ich
    D&Cbtrg1ich belegeben.
    beigesebeD. - V
    .1I..di"
    euedig , BibI.
    Bibi. Mar<:.
    Mal"(:. FOIIdo
    Fod.. dei ao,
    Naoi, D.93'
    n.93'
    Drn~kausgahe: E.
    D'D~k&lIsg.h.:
    . L.II,.nd.
    Legrand . Cent-di"
    CentrU>< lettr
    I.ttr.. grecqlles
    grecques de F,.
    Fr. FileUe.
    FlelIc. P&ri&
    P.ri&
    1192,
    1892,
    p . 3'<r-330. - EbeDda
    p . 331- 340 w8iter-e
    weitere Briefc
    Briefe von
    G,z
    Gal ...
    .

    THEODORI GAZAE ATQUE ALIORUM EPISTOLAE.


    EPISTOLE .
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    in
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    Jahr 1468.
    '<468. Filelfo
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    Dezember 1468
    '468 uud
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    Arcimboldi von
    Novana
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    4&8 inf. foI.l-Z
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    Mailaud. Bibl.
    . Ambr. Cod. gr.
    . D 488
    ( _ D) .
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    Theod.oros
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    '9<'3. S.I9-2
    S. '9-211 (fehlerba.ft).

    EPISTOLAE.
    1S1L .

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    . 55. Cod. 9. 101.
    fol. 67
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    580

    THEOOORI CAZAE ATQUE ALIORUM


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    5"
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    EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

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    "'-r!&;
    .. ~-rUh)c; "C"?!
    ~ iy,
    'l'l:piy~, M6<;
    6; ye,
    yc, 00<;
    ; iY
    h 1)1""
    ... yc
    ye l:i;
    ill~
    B
    50"
    SOY dm:t
    c!m:t....., oM~ MV
    BV o:t"C"o:tL.
    Ilt~aCL. '"
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    yp&.cLv oux
    e{mpE:n:c.;.
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    "ept
    Si:
    31 -rf;iv
    -rf;i... il'-lITO
    i XI..mpO
    :& ..
    ... bn<7"Uw..1
    mL<7"Uw..! aOL
    a'OL oGx
    fx.w
    oMc
    ..
    ..., :n:),'I)"
    ftAijv MI

    <ia&c-.ccrn:P<I"
    icr&c-.icrn:O'" ..
    ...
    iW ,,"OL
    I'-OL "I"?!
    a';;l'
    a': xl
    : i.&4"",~v.
    bre.&4vo:"C"G:.1'&po". cN 8'
    3' 6-rL
    6 6yLCttW:L<;,
    'yLCtIw:L; , XIp<.:o
    : 35
    i a'l
    ou! exo""",,,
    xou., I:
    :Jt&PLC1'I'I:41U'1O<;
    ,"L; 6:n:?!
    ,""I",
    ,""<; /'-I'),jj<;
    .:j; 'Ci1.

    IDci
    ai
    x~t 'l'l:AOII'f'E!"
    .. 1''1)
    ..
    ),6ywv,
    6v, ~V
    ~v 37jLU;
    3l'JI'LOUPY~ ct
    d" .:&6;.
    y~lH;. Ippwao
    lJ.
    ':.;, "ua."EofLii>VO<;
    ua.CLvo; '<"C-rdP"'l)
    cw.p 'f'&lvoV'rO<;.
    &vo;.
    A:n:?! 'P41'-1l<;,

    I o..an
    o~n

    ovfln
    oufln

    8 'fud""
    'fw L
    L ",JJ.w;;
    ",Uw;; B
    D I
    11 K.))htro
    K.)) ''fl:'f ')<IO"
    ')<Io'" L ....u'Wx'""l"(>1I
    IO.'Wx..",,(>1i B
    D I 13 ..~o"k;:"'"
    ~(>"k;:"'" L]
    LJ B
    uwr
    ~""'.
    .
    .,.
    ,. "P""fIT,""Ij
    "P'I-"fIT,V<I;1]
    ..
    ,,~o..&I1"'"
    ~ooBII .... , D I 16 .. i ..................
    ........,........., B
    D Ix",....
    10l><n L I 21 _-n>o:l-C'<\:
    _'"'vo~t ..1: L B
    D ............. 6.
    p6.C..
    L_pro. I 2:i
    2S ("S<.
    (0&<. m
    -n L t.J&'
    '&' 6
    6-<-<
    ... B
    D I 28--29 .....
    :
    pw. . ..
    .. Apyup6
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    ~ D ..tIfl
    vppl. ...
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    ... L ) B
    D ""'. I 35 b8-r._CU
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    ...!ou.; L
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    ~to~ B
    D

    L_P"',

    L
    L

    B
    D

    593

    I!PISTOLAH.
    I!PISTOLA".

    15. Georclus
    Georcl_s TrapeI1tQtl1tI
    Trapu untlul
    Busarionl
    Be$sarlonI Cardl naII,
    nall,

    Accepi litteras
    Itteras tuas, reverendissillle
    reverendssnIe pater ac domine. quibus a meL 136
    petis. ut magno illi
    Basilio divinitus contra Eunomium conscripta
    oonscripta vo~ lumina
    lum.ina ac simul.
    simu!. quae ad beat um Amphilochium edidit, in
    latinam
    latnam !inlguam ex graeca. transfera.m.
    transferam. Fateor mecum saepe ac multum
    muItum cogitasse,
    susciperemne arduam ita mmi rem
    rern et difficilem, an tibi, cui cunctaL 136
    debeo, hac so'a
    sola in
    re
    tam
    tarn honesta tamque
    tarnque uti'i
    utili morern
    m non
    gererem. Videbam, quod et tu dicis. muItum
    m nos debere Latinis, sed me
    solum plura
    10 maioraque mu'to
    multo quam ceteri.
    Non enim
    m ignoras,
    ignoras. quibus a plerisque
    generis nostri atque adeo ab ipsis parentihus modis duodecim fenne

    annis ante sacrosanctam synodum Florentinam


    Florentnam ob catholicam verita~
    tern
    m vexatus sum.
    sumo Unione
    vero
    ro facta studio, labore, opibus heatissimi
    beatissirni
    papae Eugen..ii
    omnes mihi redditi sunt. Et
    ipse non
    ex
    levitate
    letate ac
    Eugen.ii met
    15 inconstantia
    nconstantia descivisse a meis, sed prudenter atque constanter ad
    a.d veri
    tatern pervenisse v ideor. Magna haec mihi {ateor
    tatem
    fateor et
    propIerea
    propterea mOT~
    immor~
    tales summo
    summa ontifici
    pontifici gratias una cum omni
    genere nostro debeo La~
    tinis
    tnis omnibus ingentes, sed tibi etiam maximas, qui p'urimum
    plurimum huic rei

    oontus.
    oontulisti.
    20
    Haec aliaque huiuscemodi ad traductionem
    traductionern animum
    anmum impellehant.
    Verum libro iam revoluto eum
    cum et
    genus orationis il1ius
    iIlius viri
    r graeco sermone
    m perfectissimum et subHmis
    subHmS acutaque
    aeutaque materies mentem percussissent, territus removi
    inde animum il1ioo,
    illico. remque totam maiorem, quam
    aut vires
    vres aut otium meum
    m patitur, esse iudicavi.
    iud1cavi. Nam quanto
    quanta perfectius
    2S il1e
    25
    ille graece oonscripsit , tanto difficilius in
    latinam
    'atnam linguam
    liguam traduci
    potest.. Quod enim in
    test
    summum generis sui
    5 accedit, id difficiHus
    diIficilius in
    diversa.
    deducitur, materies
    matees vero ipsa theologica et de summa theoIogiae
    theologiae parte
    primurn hominem
    primum
    bominem post u lat,
    la.t, qui longe ab illuvie absit peccatorum, deinde
    dende
    qui maiore otio
    fruatur et non
    latinae
    la.tinae linguae
    Iinguae S()!um,
    solurn, verum etiam
    30
    3D theolog:iae
    theologiae peritum. Nam qui transferre
    tra.nsfere conantur, quae non
    intelligunt, L 137
    eos video verborum solummodo
    ut pueros sequi potestates (<et}
    et) arebus
    a rebus
    ipsS plurimum aberrare,
    abermre, quamvis et verba ipsa non bene interp
    interpretetur,
    retetur,
    ipsis
    L S
    s"tt'os,,:
    " tt'asiI'U<>: G..".gii
    G8O"gii Trapezu
    Tn.eZUQtii
    .. t &d reverendiuilDUlIl
    reere"di&sinun p&trern
    p&trerr "8issarionctll
    "8ssarionCfl1
    C&rdinalem.
    C&rdinale: ""l1orta.atem
    ""orta.atem &d tr&ductionem
    traductionem magni
    mag"i BasiLii
    BasiU _onM.
    _ponsio.
    . ,. Daa
    ........ mium. du Gso
    giol T._p
    oe1ne
    ..
    Ep
    Das P .looemium,
    Ge<> .r gi".
    T p se %untio
    zunti" . oe1n
    ... Obersetzug
    bersetzung VOn
    B
    ....
    . . ili
    li ". ' Contra
    eoQra Ellnomium
    Ell<)>. tt V<)r.It.IlS&<:bickte.
    V<)r.It.I:bckte. Wir erfahren. d.
    d_!.I BU

    _.
    rion.
    ... ~
    ~u dem
    ".,
    er d_
    d ......
    ..... I. nocb
    noch in
    i bestem.
    besteon V".,bLltn;s
    VerhLltn;s .tand.
    .tand, ihn ~ d.,., Arbeit
    A.be verantat
    veranaBt h.t;
    b_t; {.,.,ner
    f.,.,n ...
    dal Trapuuntio.
    Trapeunti:. 8Chon
    or dem Konzil von
    Flo
    ....... sich
    oicl .ur I.teiniocben
    I_te .. i..,bcn Kln:he
    Jn:h e
    da
    lieh.... {2
    n Jahre vor
    Floren.
    bb
    bftb ..
    ....
    nte
    te "nd
    " .. d dcsw08"n
    dCSWe:"n VOn
    VO den eige ne .. Angeb ~rige
    ~rigen
    .. Ungemacb
    Ungen2cb ""
    ""leide
    e!eiden
    n hatte.
    haUe.
    Sen W
    ...k f&1It
    die Zeit
    Ze von
    VO Papst
    P_pst Eogen
    .
    Sein
    Werk
    f&llt nodt
    noclt in
    Rugen IV.
    beTiieft,.t
    Obe.
    lefert ist
    " das bish
    bi.b ... nocb
    noch ungodruekts
    ungedruckte Prooemium:
    Prooemiun: }'!o
    Flo .r e"z, BibI. Laur.
    Lau .
    PInt.
    PJ.I1,
    11, Cod.31.
    Cool. 31, fot
    !. 136-'37
    136-137 ( _ LJ.

    .94

    THEODORI GAZAE ATQUE ALIORUM

    qui rem non


    bene perceperit. Adde, quod haec theologis
    theologS reverentia omamnino tribuenda est,
    ut sua
    5ua fere, ut graece iacent,
    acent, transfenIntur.
    transferantur. Nam
    longius evagari, commutare,
    commutare, addere vel
    l minuere quicquam, quod plerumque traducenti necessariurn est, a theologia
    theologa quasi pericuiosurn
    periculosurn alienissimum
    nssi.mum est maximeque illi fugiendum. qui hunc
    hune Basilii
    Basili librum tra- 5
    ducere cupiat. in
    quo adeo acutae atque sublimes res sunt, ut miranmran
    dum sit , quod primus omnium in
    rebus tam
    tarn altis
    a1tis sic
    sie omm
    oron ex parte
    optime
    optine conscripserit. Floruit
    Flomit enim Iuliani ac Valentis temporibus. cum
    eurn
    altero quomm
    quorum pro christianisrno,
    chStianisrno , cum
    eurn altero
    altem pro orthodoxa acerrime
    pugnavit.
    10
    His
    HS igitur tam
    tarn diversis rationibus in
    ambiguum cornpulsus
    compuJsus diu
    wu meeurn
    c luctatus sumo
    3um. Tandem cum
    eurn animo volverem, quam honesta res
    esset, quam utils,
    utHis, quam tibi grata, fretus etiam orationibus tuis, quae
    peccatorum meorum
    meorun tenebras possunt depellere, suscepi rem ea conditione, ut, nisi
    S per te fuerit examinata, in puhlcum
    publicum non
    prodeat. Lege 15
    igitur opus tuum magis, qui non
    legisti,
    sufficientem ad id hominem
    h ominem eelegSti.
    quam meum, qui auctoritatis
    auctoritatS tuae podere
    pondere magis quam alia
    aHa re fractus
    onuss viribus
    onu
    vribus meis maius suscepi.
    suscepi, et ita lege, ut errata
    eata emendes, imminuta supp]eas,
    suppleas, exuberantia reseces, male col1ocata commutes. Sic
    Sie
    enim tandem immaculata Basilii
    Basi1i doctrina non
    minore, ut cupis,
    pS, elo-2(I
    quentia in Latinos transibit,quam summa cum admiratione apud Graecos habeatur.
    16. Nleollus
    NIeoIIus Perottu5
    Benarlonl
    8esarIonI Cf,rdlnill.
    CrdlnIl1.

    B
    253

    En
    tibi remitto divinum opu
    opuss tuum, quod nuper adv
    adversus
    ersus calum- 25
    niatorem
    iatorem Platonis abs te editum ad me legendum misisti.
    misst. Hoc tanta
    aviditate perlegi et transcripsi,
    transcripsi. ut
    u t vere affirmare possim toto hoc tempore, quo liber tuus mecum {uit,
    , in
    tantum me ab eius studio subtraxisse,
    quantum curandi corpons
    corporis necessitas co!git,
    c~git, nec ultra quattuor
    qu attuor horas

    s..

    B
    S ..prS~';i:
    prauri",io: co.
    Nicot.i epi.stot.
    ISto. &d Bess,rionem
    B ess,ro"en in
    i t.udem
    .udem eiut
    eius libri,
    lib, qui
    defen.io
    ., ... Pt.tonLs
    PLatonS inocribitu
    inocribitur.
    . I 21 affirm.a.re M
    affrema~
    ""'rema~ B

    Ep
    .6.
    . 6. Perotti
    ' bat mit ""lehern
    okhem Eifer
    ;.... Beu.rio
    .. . In
    l ~lumDiatorem PlatonLs
    PltouS
    gelesen,
    geeen, da
    daB .... sich nu'
    nur nocb vi
    .... Stunden
    S tunden Zeit ~um
    ~Ilm Schlafen
    Sch1afen gegnnt
    HeHInnt r..t.
    ... Er
    rtlbm
    rIlhmtt
    ... oriODS
    oron! acbrift.ste!leriscbe
    Fl.bgket. Was Beu
    ' ''u
    P]atou nnd Aristoteies
    Ari s toteIes
    B
    acbrift.stelleriscbe Flbigkeit.
    'rion llber
    ll ber Platon
    gOOlagt
    H.,gt hatte, ,ei
    oei fr
    . die
    de Lateiner
    Lateier eine
    ei .. neue Ofienbarung.
    Offenbarung. Angealcht.s
    Angeaiclt.s ""in.
    ""ie Inhalta
    Iub.a]t8 vet_
    diene
    diere d.u Werk einen
    " and.....,u
    ud"""n Titel;
    TiteI; dl!11n
    dt1n in
    u Wizklichkeit
    Zklchlei sei
    ei es eine
    eU. Eiufluung
    EbuH in

    die PhilMOphie,
    Philoopbie, Yornebm1ich
    vornehmlich PlAton..
    PlAton . Der Brief . tamIDt
    tammt vom
    12.
    '2 . November
    Novembe. '469.

    Oberlidert
    Obe . lie fer t ist
    .st d .... Brief
    Bief:: Rom,
    RoID, Cod.
    Co:!. Vat. lat. 3399, Co!..
    (. 253---.,6 (_
    - B)
    );; Cod.
    Vat. 1.t.
    V.t.
    1at. 2934 (01.
    (01' 242---'4'; Vened
    Venedig,
    i g, Cod.
    Co:!, M.r<:.
    MaI<:. Iat.
    Lat. X
    12 101. ' _ 2 (_ M):
    ): Cod.
    Co:!.
    M~ . ]at.
    lat. VI
    2'0 __ Druck.u.g.ben:
    Druckau.gabeD: Fr. B.
    . M.Iva_ia,
    Malvas;a, Compendio
    CoIDpendio storico della
    delIa bui,
    bui
    lica de' XII
    spoIIItoli
    apotoli di
    d i Rom ... Rom ... 6" (vg1.
    (I. oben
    S. i04'.
    04). - MeiDe
    MeO Au-abe
    -. nach
    acb B

    in derF..uchrilt
    derF..ucbit fOr
    H.
    . F ink
    i .. ke,
    ", MQnateri.
    MOnster !. W . 1925,
    '925, S.367-310
    S.367- 310 (h ..... vver~
    ... ~ --- .
    . It).
    t) .

    EPISTOLIo..E.
    EPISTOL.E.

    595

    inter
    nter diem noctemque totis simul diebus somnum cepisse. Cuius rei
    coniecturam ex
    ipsa celeritate et
    angustia
    a-ngustia temporis
    tems fa-cere
    facere poteris. Ita enim
    me
    traheoot desiderium et ardor quidam legendi, quae scripseras, ut B
    253"
    nec familiaribus
    familabus negotiis
    negotis nec publcs
    publicis occupationibus nec
    ne<: provinciablrus
    pfovinciablrus
    I)
    ) eurls
    curis nec
    ne<: ullo officH
    officii genere ab eo opere possem divelli.
    Quo fit,
    ft, ut affirmare
    affirma.re procul dubio possim nulla.
    nuUa me
    m umquam in

    re nec tantum vigiliarum nec minus laooris


    laboris habuisse. Quid enim umquam
    quan per Deum immortalem
    immortalern legi in omni
    mea vita praestantius.
    praestantius, quid
    exeellentius, quid divinius? Equidem eloquentiam tuam et
    excellentius,
    doctrinam
    10 et dicendi suavitatem in
    utraque lingua maxime semper admiratus sum.
    sum,
    nihilque umquam abs te vel
    l audivi vel
    legi. quod non
    dulce,
    dlce, non
    suave.
    suave,
    non eopiosius
    copiosius indicaret,
    indcaret, ut loquenti tibi iIla
    i1Ia Homerici senls
    senS mella ex

    OTe
    profluere, scribenti
    scbent vero
    veto complere
    compiere apes libeUos
    JibeUos floribus et
    nectare
    ne<:tare
    viderentur. Legi persaepe epistoJas tuas et
    orationes et libros.
    libros, sive quos
    15 tuo ingenio
    ingeio vel
    l graece vellatine
    latine scripsisti.
    scripsisti, sive quos ex una in
    a
    alterarn
    ltera.m
    linguam convertisti.
    convertsti.
    Ipse quoque opera tua abs te
    graece
    gaece scripta fui aliquando interpretatus. quae certe omnia admiratione !>
    pretatus,
    potius quam 1aude
    laude digna ex1stiexistimavi. Quis enim
    eim non
    admiretur, quis non probet, quis non
    omnibus
    20 aetatis nostrae operibus anteponat.
    anteponat, sive doctrinam rerum, sive orationis
    t;onis gravitatem
    gravitatem,, sive scribendi
    scrbendi facilitatem spectemus? At vero
    ro opus B
    254
    hoc
    boc divinum
    dvinum potius quam humanum non
    tam
    tarn admiratione me.
    me, quam
    stupore quodam affecit. Quanta enim
    enim,. 0 bo
    bone Deus, in eo gravitas,
    graita.s.
    quanta amplitudo,
    ampltudo , quanta dignitas, quanta maiestas! Superasti
    Supera.sti certe
    25 in omnibus,
    omnbus, quae hactenus scripsisti.
    scripsisti, reliquos
    rclquos omnes aetatis
    a.etatis nostrae in
    n
    quocumque doctrinae genere doctos atque exce1Ientes
    hoc vero
    exce1lentes viros. In
    te ipsum vicisti. Quid ego hic vel splendorem
    splendorern orationis vel sermonis
    sermonS
    gravitatem
    graitatem vel
    suavitatem dicendi vellatitam il1am
    illam et plena.m
    plenam hibemis
    nivibus
    niibus similem ubertatem eommemorem,
    commemorem, quibus ita
    ita- PIatonicam
    Platonicam illam
    30sublimitatem et
    altitudinem
    alttudinem effinxisti, ut mentiar.
    mentiar, nisi
    saepenumero in

    legendis illius sententiis, quas modo tuis.


    tuis, modo illius
    ilHus verbis refers, in

    errorem lapsus sim et, quae Ulius


    psse
    Ilius sunt, tua,
    tua. quae vero tua,
    m. illius ese
    e" istimem?
    ismem? Quid de moderatione animi
    (m dicam, qua tanta in
    scribendo
    es, ut nec nominare adversarium, qua.mquam
    quarnquam petu1antem
    petulantem hominem
    usus es.
    homnem
    31) et maIe
    male de te meritum, neque adversus turpitudinem
    turpitudnem atque obscoenitatern verborum illius loqui aliquid immodestius volums?
    tatem
    voluers? Quid ra~iones
    adducam et acutas et
    solidas, quibus adversarii opiniones additis elo-B254
    - 254 VY
    quentiae
    quentae tua.e
    tuae nervis et
    viribus
    vribus ita dissipasti,
    dissipasti. ut hominem prostratum,
    fractum convicturnque
    conictumque omnibus irridendum dimiseris?
    dimiserls?
    40
    Taceo,
    Tace. quod
    od rem controversam et plenam dissensionis
    dssensiois inter
    nter dociros de Platonis atque AristoteIis
    Arlstotelis summorum philosophorum
    tissimos viros
    opinionibus
    opinionbus ita resera.sti,
    reserasti, ut nihil
    ih iam clarius, nihil apertius esse videa~
    tur; paeterea
    praeterea quod eorundem philosophorum doctrinam magna ex parte

    ".

    59.

    THEODOIU CAZAE
    THEODOIH
    (; AT QU E ALIOIWM
    ALIOIUM

    convenire
    convenre mutuo dO<:u.isti,
    d:w"t, quod etsi
    ctsi plerumquc doctissimi viri
    antehac
    antchac
    !>UI1lIl\O
    summa studio faccrc
    faeere Slll).t
    s: conati, numquam tamen
    tarnen rem
    adeo difficilem
    dificHem
    investigare, comprehendere. tenere potuerunt. Qmitto, quod intcr
    inter haec
    multa ex
    mu1ta
    intima plenam in
    lucern
    lucem protuHsti. quae ita rccondita atque
    abdita erant, ut paucissimis. praesertim latinis
    iatnis homillibus
    lomllbus scirentur.
    seiTentur. :;
    Sileo praeterea, quod summum
    sumrnum atquc innocentissimum phi1osophum,
    philosophum,
    euius
    cuius non
    modo
    od doctrinam, sed ctiam vitam ac morcs
    mores homo.
    homo, n.:c quid
    inunodestius
    iunodestius dicam, parum gravis spurcissimis vcrbis
    verbis ac foedissimo sermone contaminare. ,
    polluere, labefactare studuerat
    studuerat,. veritatis
    vetatjs atque in B255nocentiae annis
    anis defendisti
    deendisti usque adco
    adeo ultus
    uhus adv",rsarium,
    adv<=rsarium, ut, qui
    ali-10
    all-tO
    quando nomen
    aliquod doctrinae in
    rtalia
    rtala habuerat,
    habueat, sit
    5 posthac inscitiae,
    temeritatis et
    imprudentiae specimen futurus, instar illius,
    ilHus, qui,
    ut no.
    men sibi apud posteros
    postero.s vendicaret,
    vendcaret, Dianae Ephesinae templum
    t emplum incenc
    dit, pro
    pro. aeternitate glo.riae,
    glQriae, quam quaerebat, perpetuam ignominiam
    igominiam
    adeptus.
    16
    6
    Illud non
    on tacere
    taeere et
    ! admirari
    admrari satis ac stupore quodam
    qudam prosequi
    pro.sequi non
    on
    possum, quod omnem
    o.mnem omnium
    o.mnium artium paene infinitam vim
    atque naturam hoc unO.
    uno. Qpere
    o.pere cQmprehendisti.
    co.mprehendsti. Quo.
    QuQ fit
    fit,, ut, si mihi daretur faeultas
    cultas titulum pro
    pro. Vo.luntate
    voluntate mea addendi, nihil magis
    rnagis quam philosophiae thesaurum inscriberem. Quantum enim philosophiae,
    philo.sophiae, quantum 20
    privati iuris et publici, quantum exemplo.rum,
    exemplQrum, quantum antiquitatis
    antquitatis
    tenet! Nam eum
    cum philosophia
    philoso.phia om.nis
    o.mnis in
    tres partes distributa sit, in
    naturalium ac divinarum
    diinarum rerum o.bscuritatem,
    Qbscuritat ern, in
    disserendi
    disserend subtHitatem,
    in
    vitam ac mores ho.minum,
    hQminum, divinum hoc
    ho.C QPUS
    o.PUS magna ex
    parte bene
    vivendi ratiQnem
    ratio.nem complectitur, omnium
    om.nium liberaIium
    lberaIium artium sublimio.ra
    sublmiora 2<i
    quaedam praecepta continet
    c et multarum divinarum ac humanarum
    B
    255"remm
    255"rerum naturam causasque co.mprehendit.
    cQmprehendit. Mentionem
    Mentio.nem facio.,
    faeiQ , quod
    quo.d multas
    variasque hjstorias,
    histo.rias, quod phjlosopho.rum
    philosophorum diverwrum
    dverwrum opiniones,
    o.piniones, quod
    locorum diversos mo.res,
    loco.rum
    mores, quod paecepta
    praecepta reipublicae et alia
    aHa pJeraquc
    pleraquc
    reiert
    refert
    ut ignota
    igno.ta hactenus ita ad usum vitae
    itae cQmmodissima,
    co.mmodissma, quod prae- 30
    terea Platonem multis in locis elegantissime apertissimeque
    apertssimeque exponit,
    quod interpretis
    InterpretIs nitro.
    dilaniatum
    dlaniatum redintegrat, quod denique fidem ac
    religionem
    eligio.nem nostram nobilissimi philosophi
    philo.sophi aucto.ritate
    auctQritate cQnfirmat.
    co.nfirmat.
    . plura de hac re
    in
    praesentia loqui, ne
    laudandi operis
    Sed no.IQ
    tui gratia ad te
    videar scripsisse. Quapropter
    Qu:.ter
    ut ad meipsum redeam,35
    redeam, 35
    et legi
    l opus tuum avidissime et
    summa diligentia transcripsi, non
    on corco.rut effiagitare
    efflagitare tuis litteris
    ltteris videbaris,
    idebaris, sed
    rigendi aut limandi causa,
    co.mmodo. RQstro
    commodo
    no.stro et vo!uptate
    vo.!uptate simul ac {ructu
    fructu incredibili.
    incedibli. Opus quippe
    perfectum erat, et
    id ex
    parte absolutum, ut non
    " tam
    tarn splendescere
    splendescee
    lima, quam atteri posse videretur.
    ideretur. Superest igitur, ut tibi, quantas animo. 40
    concipere
    co.ncipere possum,
    poS5um, gratias habeam, qui me in
    primi5
    primis tam
    tarn
    pretiosi
    os mu21 Mentionam I) Miuiouem
    M.iuiouen B

    EPlSTOLAE.
    EPlSTOLE.

    09'

    neris ac vere divini participem facere volueris. Summis abs te prae~


    terea precibus contendam,
    ut ostquam
    postquam leges PIatonis
    Platonis ab hoc rudi et B
    256
    ignaro interprete ita corruptae
    couptae ac depravatae sunt, yetis
    velS huk
    huic tanto tuo
    igna.ro
    erga Latinos
    Latnos beneficio etiam illud
    iIlud addere, ut Theodori Gazae, viri
    doc tot maximis gravissimisque
    5 tissimi ope atque auxilio - neque enim in
    reipublicae occupationibus per te omnia potes - tam
    tarn praeclarum opus
    s la~
    tinum facia5,
    facias, ne plenus tot erroribu5
    erroribus divinus !iber
    liber amplius per Italiam
    I taliam
    circumferatur.
    cireumferatur. In
    qua re 51
    si nnostra
    ostra quoque opera uti volueris, spero fo re
    re,,
    ut studio

    5tudio ac
    ae diligentia
    diJigenta nostra, triumvirali
    triumviral quadam industria tale id opus
    10evadat,
    10eadat,
    ut non
    prorsus indignum auctore suo po;sit
    possit iudicari, et latini
    homines
    homnes inter tot
    alia
    aHa henefiem
    benefcia hoc quoque abs te maximum eonsecuti
    consecuti
    certatim
    !rtatim tibi gratia;:;
    gratias agant. VaIe.
    Vale.
    Ex
    Faliscorum colonia, pridie I dus
    du> NovembrS.
    Novembris.
    17. OmnIbonus
    Omnlbo nus LeonIcensis
    Leonleensis
    8essarlonl
    8esarlonI C8rdIna1l.
    C.rdlnall.
    Nescio, quid mihi gratius accidere potuisset, quidve iocundius quam B
    256v
    !iber
    mihi ab5
    abs te missus. Nam et de eo est
    e5t et ab eo,
    ut iam animo concipiam. quid sil
    5 exspectandum,
    exspeetandurn, cum
    eurn praesertim
    praesertirn ipsa etiam
    etiarn exordia eximium quoddam olliceantur
    pollieeantur atque
    a t que praeclarum,
    praectarum, hoc est Platonis apo20 logiam,
    Jogiam, ne dixerim, an
    laudem
    laudem,, sed laudem
    Iaudem otiu
    potius.
    s. Nam philosophi
    tanti,
    ipse testaris, non
    ttarn
    a m defendendi causa suscepta est quam
    ut tu
    quarn
    praedicationibus,,
    praedIcationibus
    ut scilicet
    seiHcet aliquando praecepta eius et instituta latine
    eognosci
    cognosci ossent.
    possent. Hoc tuo proposito nihillaudabilius excogitari
    exeogitari. otuit,
    potuit,
    nihil
    nihl il
    utilius.
    .
    2::;
    I lle vero impurus,
    Ille
    impunls, ne graviori verbo utar, qui ouai:
    oa;; "1" I:""!a1xopr.m
    ar.....
    'ie,
    .
    roUo -rb
    ausus est divini UHus
    1s a
    YI~r.n"a, rx.i
    ....rb roino
    aec sanctissimi,
    sanetissimi,
    ut ita
    dicam, plane et ingenium ignorantiae
    gnomntiae et
    lagiti redarguere.
    el vitam flagitii
    Noluisti
    isH !;CeIestissiml
    scelestissimi hominis nomen libris
    Jbris tuis
    !; inserere. Propterea quoque licet
    Cvocaro sit, ut qui Dianae Ephesinae
    Ephesnae templum
    Hcet clvovof.Lctaro.;
    temptum incendit.
    ineendit.
    30 Nam et hk
    hic fortasse maledicentia, quemadmodum il1e
    iIle saerilegio,
    sacrlegio, ma~
    gnum sibi nomen eomparare
    compa.rare voluit, nec neuter voti
    compos. NequeB 257
    14 B
    S .."" ... <~jpli,, : Omnibonu.
    Omnibonu. Leonicensi.
    Leoncesi. Be'au
    BeMaroni
    ioni Cardinali ..lutern
    Iutem p]urio
    plu".
    mam dicit.
    dielt.
    Ep
    . "
    ,.. Ognibene
    O g niben e da.
    d a Leonig<>,
    L eo nig<> , der I>elu.nnte
    belaoo Grammatiker
    Gra-mmatke:r a-u~
    au~ du &hule
    & huIe d""
    Vitiarino
    Vittorino d .. Feine.
    cI:. dankt
    <!." Beu&rion
    B e.~ &.i o n fr
    di"
    die Zu"""dung
    Zusen.dung ddOll
    oo In
    Ca.!umni
    Ca.lumnatorem
    .. torem 1'1
    I>Ja.. -_
    taui
    to . Er
    st
    stellt
    ellt heraus. dda-D
    .. d.., Werk n;ellt
    ch ..,
    SO seh
    sehrr eine ApoJog;e
    Apologie fOr
    tor Platou sei,
    "" , al.
    a-I. eine
    toT
    \ die lateini$(;ben
    lateini$(;be> I..e!Ie"<
    I..e!Ie:" g~a"ht.e
    g~ .."hte EinfII
    Einfhrung
    hroDg in
    di.. p\a.ton~h"
    pIa.ton~h,. Anscbauung$wdt.

    0...
    o..r Bricf
    Brief ;"t
    ;"
    O herl
    berlidflrt
    .. fe rt : Rom. Cod. Vat.
    V ..t . lat. 3399. fol
    fol.. ~) 6 V-2)7"Y
    - 2) 7 ( _
    _ B)
    ).. Druo;ka.u
    D r u;kau "g
    " gab
    aben:
    " n : Fr. B.
    . Malv&sia.
    Malva-sia-. Compendio
    eoapendio storico de!]a
    deU ... buillca
    buiIJca. de' XII
    apostoli
    _posto
    di R
    Roma.
    oma . Roma 16" (vgl.
    ( !. oben S.
    S . 40
    404).
    4 ). _ Meine Ausgabe nach
    nacb B
    in
    d",
    dM Fatxhrilt
    Ftxh:It
    tur
    . H.
    . Fi n k ..
    e,, Munster
    Moote" i.
    . W . J92).
    J92) . S. 37<>
    370 I.
    . (hier
    (hicr ve,t
    veri"::;
    ::; ' ..'1).
    t).

    598

    THEOI)ORI GAZAl':
    GZAJ': ATQUE ALIORUM
    ALiORUM

    enim minus hic, immo


    mmo vero multo magis
    m",gs meruit, ut ex omni hominum
    memoria nomen eius aboleatur. Ille templum manufactum, hic divinum sacrarium ausus est violare, in
    quo humanarum divinarumque
    rerum scientia reposita erat. Hoc tamen
    tarnen consecutus est honorificum
    nimis, quod talem
    talern tantae dignitatis et sapientiae adversarium habet. 5
    Dignus potius erat, in quem pueri canerent. Nunc
    Nune et oves u!tro
    ultro fugiat
    lupus, aurea durae
    durne mella femnt
    ferant quercus, narcisso f10reat
    floreat alnus,
    aInus, pinguia
    corticibus
    cortcibus sudent electra murices, certent et cygnis
    cygns ululae et re1iqua .
    Notum est enim cannen.
    Sed ad te ac librum
    Iibmm redeo. Quod me tali tantoque munere di- 10
    gnum duxeris, intelligo maius esse beneficium, quam
    pro eo dignas
    dgnas tibj
    bi
    gratias
    gatias agere po$!;m,
    possim, tantumve mihi honoris
    honons actum esse,
    ut duo in
    excellentissimi principes editum ab altero librum
    ecclesia Dei excel1entissimi
    lbrum certatim
    milli mittere studuerint, et eum
    mihi
    euro quidem librum.
    librum, qui et verborum eleeIegantia
    ganta et sententiarum gravitate refertus auctorem suum facile reprae-11)
    reprae- 11)
    B
    257~ sentet. Utinam mihi detur facultas.
    facultas,
    ut tantam in
    eo tantarum rerum
    scientiam
    scientam vimque dicendi
    dieemli divinam praecare
    praedicare possi.
    possim. Cui
    Cu rei eum
    cum me
    imparem esse eognoscam.
    cognoscam. eerte,
    certe, quod in
    me est.
    est, illum ut volitet docta
    per ora
    virum, efficiam. Vale.
    18. Fram:lscus
    F,a"eIseus Phllelphus
    PhIlelphus
    esanl car4I"aII.
    BessarJonl
    taNllnaU.

    B
    257
    Y

    Haud scio. quid optatius mihi potuisset iucundiusque eontingere,


    contingere,
    quam et videre et legere divinum opus tuum.
    tuum, quod nuper adversus
    2 divinum
    divnum]1 vinum
    num B
    f 8 m"rices
    mune... 1] muriee
    muce B
    I 12 taDt
    tant .. m .... J tantum ne
    B
    f
    20 B
    S"fwlU&t'ipt'<>;
    S .. twumpti,,; Franc:iscu8
    Philelphll& BE
    ''
    C&dinaJi Alutem plurUau
    dCit.
    Franc:iscua Philelphua
    " 'rioni Cat'dinaJi
    plurimam dieit.
    Ep.18.
    wal' BeuadoDs
    Calumoiat~ P1atonis
    .18. Wie Filelfo
    Flelfo schn:iht.
    ach""iht. w_.
    _."8 ID
    .. c.UlDat~
    P1atona dun:h
    dlln:h
    literariach
    e
    ....icrtc
    ertc Leu
    Lell te nach Mailand
    M_ilaDd gelangt und auch
    _uch F
    FleUo
    Ge8cht lJeJJ....
    literarisch iDte
    ......
    ileUn :m Gesieht
    kommen.
    kou:aen. Allgemein
    AUgeueiD werde du Werk bewllndert,
    bewundert. wlhrend
    w.t.hrend mall
    eicll
    eic! 1lber
    Ilber Georgios
    Geofg;o ..
    VOD Krets
    Kreta (_ TnlpezuntiD$)
    TnpezuntiD$) entrll$tet
    entr1l$tet habe. Fildfo
    Filelfo selbst
    eelbst will sicherst
    ,Icl."...t IlQOCh
    nQOCh ein UrVOll
    t";l o.berlhn
    t";I
    Dbel'lhn bllden
    bilden und d ...weaen
    wesen. zUIl!lChst
    zun!chst du
    da$ Work
    Werk d ... GeoraIoaIeseD.
    Geol'lJloalesell. _ Du S<:hreIbell
    SctrdbeD
    ist
    a datiert
    dstert vom 10.
    . September,
    $eptember, ohno
    ohne da
    d_B du Jahr "~ObeD
    a~eben wllre.
    ""JJ'e. Es handelt
    h_Dddt rieh
    $ch
    _ber 1111.
    .
    469, in
    " welchem Jahre du
    das In
    Cal1>mDi.to
    ea l>IDD i.to .... m aus dem Druek
    Dr"clt herVM_
    aber
    um 1469.
    geJJSDsen.
    PJJ8.JJ811 in.
    ist. Eben
    Ebellso
    ... ttEugt
    E"at du
    da$ der oScbste
    nScbste BTief
    Bief (ep. 19), der voU.tsndlg
    voU.t.odlg datiert
    d&tiert ist.
    Dementsprechend
    ..eru. DeT
    DemeDtsprecheDd ist
    _ m eine
    eiDe Angabe (IH<
    (") Band I 386 su verbE
    verb'S"eru.
    Dtrr bei E.
    . La
    Le _
    grand.
    C6nt-di:>, leUres
    da Fr. Filelfe n. 81 .
    p. IH
    FileJfOll
    gr_Dd. C6nt-di"
    lottre grccqu
    gccqu ... de
    lDitgeteilte
    nitgeteilte Brief
    Drief Fildf""
    ..,
    an B

    ...
    .on
    ion VOm
    vo 9. )).erember
    Dezember 1469
    '469 b ....
    ...... cbt
    cht nJcht.
    nicht. wie
    W ich fmb.,..
    frllb.,. aDflenolDlDe11
    anenonneu b&tte.
    hatte,
    vw
    VDt' dem vorliegenden
    voliegenden Stock
    StOcl< g : I :brieben
    :briehen :m
    ~ se:in.
    mll.
    Eill
    VergIeit:h
    Vergleich di_ bobflt
    bilbet nicht
    n.cht beacbteten Brief
    BeJ... mit
    n Ep.
    . '9, flinem
    einem linpt
    lnp
    bekannten StOck,
    bekannte:n
    Sto.cl:, erweist den
    de.n erste
    ersteffI
    ...... als
    a1s Vnrlage.
    Volage. VgI.
    Vgl. unten S. $99.
    'Oberlic fert
    'OberIie
    fcrt ist
    a! der
    d"" BrieJ:
    Brief: Rnm, Cod. Vat. lat.
    Jat. 3399, fol.
    {.2$1-2$8
    2$1V-2$8 ( _ B);
    );
    Cod. &.-b.
    &-b. xvr 8$ fol. '$1. Venedig , Cod. Man:.lat. VI
    Venfldig
    2rn:
    2.0: Cod. Mare.
    ~. lat. X
    12.
    Druckausgaben : Fr. B
    Druckauegaben
    .. MaIv_
    Malva .s la.
    ia. Compendin
    ColDpendin .torieo
    .torie<> della biIjc.
    b ..We. de'
    do' XII

    _tol di
    d Rn
    Rnma.
    (l. oben S. 404). _
    Men. Auagabe
    in
    d.,.
    apoatoli
    ...... Rnm_
    RnlDa .655
    .6S5 (vgl.
    Meine
    Ausgabe nach B
    d .... F ...t
    tschrift
    achft fllt
    f1lt H.
    . Fioke,
    Finke, Mllnsteri. W. 19'1S.
    1<.15. S.371
    s. 371 f. (hier vert
    EiL).
    Ei).

    _u,

    '9.

    EPISTOLAE.

    599

    calumniatorem
    ca1umniatorem Platonis abs te editum in
    hanc
    hane urbem
    utbern a diversis
    diversS studiosis de1atum fuit et eum
    cum summa atque mirnbili
    mirabili omnium admiratione
    admiratone
    1ectitatur,
    lectitatur, quamquam amnes
    omnes stomachentur Georgii Cretensis, quem tu
    pro tua modestia nominare no1uisti,
    noluisti, maledicta in
    philosophorum pn
    prinii cipem ac patrern
    patrem Aristotelem, cognomento Platonem. Atque ego eerte
    certe
    non
    mediocriter admiratus sum in
    id insaniae incidisse
    incdisse Georgium CreCtetensem, ut non
    modo incomparabilem
    ineomparabilem summi viri
    doctrinam atque sapientiam non
    probarit
    probarit,, sed vitam etiam modestissimam ac
    ae pudicam et
    ab omni
    vetustate mirifice laudatam impudica
    i.mpudica arundine polluere se B
    258
    10 posse animum induxerit. Quae res etsi ea
    ca ratione miM
    mhi maxime p1a.cet,
    pla.cet,
    quod causa fuit , ut tam
    tarn eleganteset
    elegantes et vere
    veredivinos
    divinos libros praeclarn ingenii
    ae doctrinae tuae monumenta haberemus, danda tamen
    ac
    tarnen mihi opera
    opern est,
    ut, quae Georgius in
    Platonem scripsit , quam diligentissime
    diligentiSSme perlegam.
    Id si fiet , vel discam aliquid vel docebo, fietque a lterutrum
    Jterutrum ex o
    officio
    fficio .
    16
    Tuae igitur humanitatis erit hoc mihi gratificari. Quod ut facias, etiam
    etam
    atque etiam rogo. Vale.
    Va1e.
    Idus Septembres.
    Mediolani IV
    19. Frandscu. Phlltlpha5
    Phlltlphu5
    Bt.prionl
    Btsarfonl Cardlnall.
    CardlnaII.

    Haud scio,
    seio, quid optatius mihi potuSset
    potuisset iucundiusque contingere,
    quam ea te usum beneficentia, pater reverendissime, quod me donatum
    abs te volueris pulcherrimo tuo illo
    0 erudi<:issimoque
    erudi;:issimoque et eloquentissimo
    codice,
    coce, quo Georgii Cretensis maledicta
    maledieta in
    phi1osophorum
    philosophorum pncipem
    principem ac
    patrem Aristotelen,
    ArStotelen, cognomento Platonem, non
    minus graviter
    gravitet ac vero
    25 quam acerrimis suisque rntionibus
    rntonbus refellisti evellistique rndicitus.
    radicitus. Et
    sum

    20

    18 Swpr,
    SWpr4Sipji,,:
    ..a;pH,,: F ..... ci!!<:
    d "" us Phile]lu5
    Philellu5 Bessa.rioni. c..rdinali Nicaeno
    Nicaen o et eo
    CO .... tan
    tinopolitano patria:bae
    tinopoJitano
    patri..-cbae ~alutem.
    Ep.
    . '9. Wenn File!fo
    FileHo im
    irn vorbergehenden
    vorbergdenden 8rief .un
    "' .0.
    .0. Septembe!" 1469
    '469 !:Ieuadon
    J::Ie5~arion
    Mitteilung macbt.
    macht. da
    da.l er da8 In
    Calumni.o.torem
    Calumnio.toem durch
    dur:h andere kennengelernt
    l.ennengelernt babe.
    110
    80 dankt .... ibm bi.... &In
    an 5. Oktober
    01.tober '469 fOr
    f!lr d;e
    die Qbe,reichung
    be,reichung des W.".kes. Auffallend
    Auffalend
    ist
    dabei, da
    da.I er
    einen groen
    groDen Teil des enoten
    enter Brlefes
    Briefes hier
    he wrtlich
    wrtlch wiederbolt. Ich
    kann
    mir
    i" di..,.,n
    diesen Tatbestand nUl
    110
    80 ....klAren.
    l.en. da6
    da jen
    je".... erst.,
    erstf> Brief, der hier
    her offensiehtlieh
    offeoscht1ieh als
    Vorlage
    Voragc gedic"t
    gedient bat, "ocb
    nocb nicht -.bgegangen war.
    wal. als FHelfo
    FHeifo 8es$anoos
    8es$arions Geschenk ....hielt.
    het.
    l'ilelfo erscbeint damit gerade
    geade nicht aJs
    a, d .... von
    G<ei.st
    G<e splnbende
    sprnhende H"rnanist;
    Homanist; IIOnH
    8 bitte
    .".
    er andere Worte finden mossen. _ Da
    Da.l Filelfo
    Flelfo aber dem Trapezllntios
    rapelntos geneigt
    gereigt war
    "'
    und da
    daO er VOll
    " den phiosophi""hen
    pbilosophioochen Frage"
    Fragen ob...-haupt
    obehaupt <liehts
    nichts ven<tand,
    ventand, habe ich schon
    sclo
    Band I )86 f. ausgefilhrt.
    allsgefilhrt. Es
    wird deswegen auch
    aueh nicht
    tlbena.scben
    tlbern.scben , weon
    welln er bie
    bier Ari

    stotel
    stote1 ... und Platon nicbt
    niebt auMi~dethalten kann (in
    ( philosophorum
    pbilosophQ."m principem ac
    patrem
    patreD> AristQteJem,
    An.tteem, cognomento
    cognomellw Platoncm). Vgt.
    Vgl. auch
    alleh oben $ . .'176, Ep.
    . 2.
    2.
    Der 8rief
    Brief liegt
    gedruckt vor
    vo bei Fr.
    F . Filelfi
    FleIfi Eputola.tum
    Eputo1atm Ubri
    Ibri XXXI. V.,...,ti"
    .,...,"
    1502,
    .. Legrand.
    8ibL0&r*Phi .. Hell<!niq"e
    enqe 111.
    . Paris 190).
    '502, fo!.
    fol. :"4,
    " '4 , nochmals bei E
    Legtand. 8ibll0ttaPhi
    .
    p . '15
    '. (>;tnter
    (>;tllter Heran';ehungCD einiger J.ba).
    J.J3II). Hier
    He dunte.".
    dudte .". ....egen Ep.
    .,8
    ,8 nicht
    nieht fe.hIen.
    fe.hIeD.

    600

    THEOD01U CAZAE
    THEODQkl
    GAZAE ATQUE ALIORUM

    equidem no

    n mediocriter miratu$
    rniratus in id insaniae incidisse
    ncid.isse Georgium
    Cretensem, ut non
    modo
    od incomparabilem
    incomparabi1em summi viri
    doctrinam atque
    sapientiam non
    probarit, sed vitam etiam modestissimam ac pudicam
    pudieam
    et ab
    a b omni vetustate mirifice
    mirifce laudatam impudica acundine polluere se
    posse animum induxerit. Et
    ,
    ut tibi ingenue fatear mei
    animi senten- l>
    >
    Harn,
    tiam, non
    facile
    faeile adducor,
    ut credam U!;que
    usque adeo Georgium istum ab
    sese alienatum,
    aHenatum, ut mentiatur tam
    tarn impudenter. Quod
    ut ita existimem,
    ea moveor coniectura, quod cuius
    primordio tui

    cufus maledici nomen in


    nobilissimi
    nobili.s!;mi opens
    operis te
    nulIo
    nullo pacto in
    mediurn
    medium prolatucum
    prolaturum affirmas. id ad
    calcem additum
    add itum invenio,
    , et ea quidam
    q uidam aratione,
    ocatione, quae tuae
    w. minime
    mnime co-l0
    haeret. Quo fit, ut,quidiudicaturussimdehomine,noninte11gam.
    ut,quid iudicaturussim dehomine, non intelligam. Sed,
    utcurnque res habet, mihi opera danda est,
    utcumque
    ut quae Georgius in
    n Platonern sc.:ripserit. quam diligentissime
    tonem
    dilgentssime perlegam.
    perlegarn. [d si fiet. vel di.scam
    d,scam
    aliquid vel docebo. fietque alterutrum
    alten.tn.m ex officio.
    offieio. Tuae igitur humanitatis fuerit hoc item bengnitatis
    benignitatis munus mihi gratificari.
    gratiicari. Quod.
    od.
    ut facias.
    faeias. H.
    .
    te etiam atque etiam
    etam rogo. Va1e.
    Vale. pater reverendissime.
    Ex
    Mediolano. Irr
    Nonas Octobres :I469.
    :469.
    20. Antontul
    AntonIus PanofmIta
    Panonnlta

    BCSUlrlonl
    BCSUrlonI C.rdIn.!I.
    Cardlnal!.
    258
    B

    AUati
    Allati nuper Neapolim hierunt
    fuen.nt libri
    Ibri tui,
    , quos adversus calumnia- 2U
    2
    torem Platonis mira eum
    cum sapientia. maxima eum
    cum eloquentia edidisti.
    Perlegi eos summo eum
    cum desiderio atque animi voluptate, meutiarque
    meIItarque
    nisi
    ns eos non
    tam
    tarn pro Platone, quam a Platone scriptos existimaverim.
    !ta
    Ita enim illius eopiam,
    copam , elegantiam. gravitatem.
    graitatem. orationis denique feli
    fell 258 v citatem exprimis, ut profecto mirari simul et laetari liceat
    Uceat Romae Pla- 26
    B
    tonem sua illa
    ... suavi eloquentia latine locutum. Nam quibus rationibus.
    quo dicendi acumine,
    aeumine, quibus argumentis abs te refeUatur
    refellatur atque arguatur vir
    sceleratissimus
    sceleratssimus Platomastrus,
    Platomastn.s, non
    attinet dicere praesertim ad
    te de te scribenti. Modestus vero
    ve ro apud alios praedicabitur et quotidie
    praedicatur ingenii
    ingeni tui
    vis
    S et doctrinae praestanta
    praestantia.. Surgentes spero non
    30
    longe post clarorum
    c1arorum virorum libros
    lbros aspernes in
    laudem acgloriam
    aegloriam tuam
    immortalem et adversarii nequissimi nebulonis
    nebulonS perpetuam infamiam.
    Nune vale
    Nunc
    vaIe et Theodorom nostrom
    nostn.m doctissimum ama et exorna, ut
    facis. NeapoI.
    Neapoli.
    12 utrulJique
    utruDl,!ue 4.
    E4. V ...eI,
    d,

    18 B
    S"fw4><.
    S"fw<<. iptio: Anton
    to.
    ;u. Panonnita
    PAon. oss&rioni
    os&rioni Card;nali
    Cardiuli salutem plurimam dicit.
    dieit.
    Ep.
    . ~o. Antonio BeGGadelli
    BeGGadelii lullerl
    !!et ..,ine
    ..,," Freude nbeT du In
    Calumnilltort'm
    Calunnitom
    Platonil, du
    P1atonis,
    da$ auch nacb.
    nach N.... pe
    pel gekommen
    gekomnen ist.
    Der B rief ;st
    ;5t Oberliefert: Rom. Cod. Vat . Lat. 33'iW.
    33!W. fol.
    l. 338-~38
    338-~38v ( _ B).
    ). _
    Druckallagaben: Fr.
    Druckauagaben:
    F . B.
    . M aivaaia.
    alaaia. Comp"ndio sto.ico
    storico delb. builica
    builiGa de' XII
    :. apoao
    stoli
    toi di Roma. R oma '633
    635 (vgi.
    (gl. oben S. 4"'4 ). _
    Meine
    ,. A
    Ausgabe
    .. sgabe nou:b B
    ;n
    ; der F .... t
    8Chrift
    Khrin fIr
    fllr H
    . Finke. MOnster ;. W. 19~3.
    '9~3. S. 37'.
    37~.

    EPI STOLAE.

    601

    21. Joh.nnts
    Joh8nnes Arl)'ropulos
    5
    Btssa,lonl
    Bessarlonl C.,dllUllI.
    C.rdI8ll.

    In
    ipso meo aCt!rbissimo
    acerbissimo casu ac mise,abili
    miserabli calamitate duobus !iberis
    lberS B
    258"
    intra paucos dies in
    ipso flore iuventutis amissis
    amSsis divillum
    divi[1um opus tuum
    m
    5 mihi oblatum est adversus Platonis nostri foe<lissimum calumniatorem
    calumnatorem
    editum. Quod, etsi vi
    calamitatis
    ca.lamita.tS et doloris
    dolons magnitudine
    ma.gnitudine opprimebar,

    possem, - nullo
    110 enim modo resistere dolori
    ut mei compos esse non
    dolo,i -
    pl-B 259
    teram - perlegi tameneo tempore, quo fessa aliquando
    tera.m
    a.lquando ac defatigata
    defa.tgata. na.naturn cessare aa. luctu et animus
    tura
    a.nirnus aliquanto
    aliqua.nto tranquillus esse cogebatur.
    10 Ea vero in
    eo opere inveni, quae ab
    a.b acutissimo
    a.cutissmo tuo ingenio et singulari
    rerum omnium
    mm sdentia
    s<:ientia proficSCi
    proficisci posse certo s<:iebam.
    sciebam. Nihl
    Nihil profecto
    eo potest, quod ad summam rei, de qua agitur,
    a.gitur, perlecperfecdesiderari in
    tionem pertinere videatur.
    Vdeatur. Est in
    illo elegantia
    eleganta sermonis Platonici similis, est subtilitas gravitasque sententiarum, est praeterea dispositio
    disposito re15 rum,
    m, qua nulla alia
    ala accommodatior excogitari fingique potest. Quid
    plura ? Is est splendor Iibri
    Ibri totius, ea
    ea. dignitas,
    dgnitas, id artificium, quae et
    proposita materies et eius viri,
    vir, cuius artes
    partes defendebantur, dignitas
    postuiabat.
    Egisti. Bessario, quod ad eruditum virum. quod ad iustum, quod
    20ad optimos mores pertinere videbatur. Et
    hominem innocentissimum,
    sapientissimum, optimum
    mm de hominum genere meritum conturneliis
    contumeliS affectum iniquis et
    ut ignarum
    ignarurn et flagitiosum
    agitiosum notatum defendisti. TumB 259'"
    rabulae ilHus,
    llius, qui divino
    diino homini
    hornini helIum
    bel1um neseio
    nescio quo consilio
    conslio indixerat,
    rationes ineptissimas dissolvisti.
    dissolvist. Praeterea multas praeclarasque
    praedarasque senseJI a sS .. ~ ...triplio:
    tpIic: 1O&IIIIes
    loalllles Ar-gyropyloa
    AgyropyIoo lIn
    -.. rioni
    ri Cat"dinali
    Cdna1 S&!utem.
    ...Itel. plurir.a.m
    plurimam
    dielt.
    dcit. I J3
    3 Platonici
    F1atonici ] PJatonice
    Piatonice B
    ..
    Ep.21.
    . 21. ArgYTopulol
    Argy~C'pulo, hat d .... In
    CalumDiatorem
    CaJ.unDatoreO P]atollia.
    PlatoDia. <IM
    <1 ihln
    ihtt BeuaTion
    B.,starion
    Eum
    EIn Geschenk gemacbt.
    gcac:bt. erhaJtc:o..
    erhaltC:D.. kun:
    kurt: nachd.,m
    nachdem innerh .. lh wenige.
    weniger Tage
    Tag., seine
    seII., 1
    wet
    .... el
    Kinde-.Kinde g_tmben waren . Doch habe ...
    .... nach Oberwindllng
    berwindllng da ...-stC:D.
    estc:o. Schlller._
    Sclner._ alsheld
    alshold
    das
    d.s Werk geJesen.
    gelesen. Er
    r11hmt B
    B_
    _ rio,,",
    rion Sprache, die
    d.., an Anmut der AuodnlcQweUe
    AudUCQwese
    Piaton . gleiche.
    PJaton
    gJeich.,. Mit
    M.t feill
    leill empluDdC:D.em
    empfuadecO Urteil
    UrteiJ habe .,r
    er jen.,1I
    jeneIl R
    RabuJisten
    .. bulisten abget..n.
    abget.n. Die
    rn.,
    H
    Ha"p+soch.,
    .."ptuche sei
    :oe ..
    aber,
    ber, daB
    d .. a er manch.,
    manche Meinung derbeiden
    derbeil.,,, PhiJosophen
    Philosophen einlllal
    einnaJ ldargestdlt
    kla.rgestellt

    habe. Besottd.,r.
    Besonders die
    d.., Lateittu,
    Lateiner, die
    di., """mehr
    nunmehr aber
    Obe" P1atoos
    Pb.tons Welt
    We1t IIl1d
    IIlId Leben seDt<:ball'
    spnchall
    "ng
    uog Beeeheid
    ehed wi_,
    w:_. seien
    seen Uun
    ihm :mm
    :.um O
    .nI
    ..nk vmpf1ichtet.
    Ye:>f1ichK. _ Zu
    Argyropnlos
    ' Tn
    TRUM....fall ... gl. das
    da Beileiducl>reiben
    BeiJeducl>reiben FileUoa
    F ileJfo . "'om
    vom .
    u. JuDi
    JuD 1469
    '469 bei E.
    . Legnnd
    L.,grand , Ceot-dix.
    Cet..x.
    lettr<'>!
    Ktr<'Jl greequa
    gr...:qua de Fr. FU
    Fl e Ue
    lfe , Paris , 892,
    892. .
    p. '42$,
    '42&, Th . Klette
    KI.,tt." , Bei.,g.,
    Be!t"~e 1ur
    Geec:h.
    Gee;h.
    u. Ut. dc
    .
    de .r ltaUC:D.iachen
    H:aUeichen Gelehrtenreoaipe
    ~Iehrtenrenap. nce
    n(e tll.
    Ul. Greilswald
    GeiIswa1d .890,
    18, S. 1056.
    'S6.
    Oer
    I>er Brief ist
    st aberliefert
    ClberJ.,f.,rt :: Rom. Cod . V
    .
    .. t . lat.
    la.t. 3399, fo].
    fol. 2,8"'-2'9'" ( ... B)
    ) . Oruek
    Druck .. "u .gah.,n
    .gahen : Fr. B
    .. Mal
    ......
    ... . i,
    .. , Compeoclio
    Coapeoclio .atorico
    torico dell.o.
    deU.o. h.oj!iea.
    h u mea. de'
    d., Xil
    Il "POstoli d;
    ..... a . Rom .. 16"
    . n.A
    ... I-''''p6-c;,
    ",;, 'A-r..<mw4
    '-
    di R
    Rome
    16" (... g\.
    gL oben S. 404).
    404) . 1:.
    AP""r-'P<>"w4.... 'E-'A&t,-I( 19'0,
    1910, 190-'9'
    190-191 (fehl
    (fehJ....
    ....haft).
    baft). _ Meine
    Meo., Ausgabe
    Ausga.be nach B
    in
    . d ...
    .... F
    F""t8Ctrift
    .... techrift fOr

    . Finke, MOn.t .... l.


    . W . 19'25, S. 372 f.
    H.

    '9'2',

    602

    THEODORI
    THEODON.I GAZAE ATQUE ALION.UM
    ALiORUM EPISTOLAE.
    EPISTOLE.

    tentias philosophorum occasionem nactus non modo praesentibus, sed


    etiam posteris aperuisti.
    aperuist. Quapropter non
    mediocres
    rnediocres tibi rerpetuo
    perpetuo graga
    tias genus mortalium debet. Imprimis autem
    autern tanti tibi benefci
    benefic obnox
    oxi sunt Latini.
    LaHni. Neque enim posthac huiusmodi ineptiis
    ineptis seduci
    poterunt et ea, quibus ab Aristotele
    stte!e carpi PIato
    Plato viderrlur,
    ideretur, ita ut ca- [;
    pienda sunt,
    smt, accipient et Platonem
    Platonern insuper talem
    talern fuisse, qualis natura,
    moribus,
    mbus, scientia fuit, si
    5i auctoritati doctorum hominum
    horninurn credere, si rationibus obternperare
    obtemperare voluerint,
    v!uent, existimabunt.
    exstmabunt .
    !ionibus
    Plura scribere
    scbere nequeo, etsi res ipsa magnitudine' dignitateque 5ua
    sua
    plura efflagitare
    efagitare videtur.
    idetur. Mens enim
    enirn magnitudine doloris
    doioS oppressa nul-10
    nul-l0
    lurn
    lum recte officium potest,
    potest. Vale,
    VaIe, vir
    ir sanctissime,
    Calendas Novernbris.
    Novembris.
    Florentiae VI
    F10rentiae

    BESSARIONIS
    IN
    CALUMNIATOREM PLATONIS
    Libri Quattuor,
    I ) Lod
    : Serlphfl'lt
    5:lptfr, Sltrle.
    5lcrle.
    Veteris
    eteris Telltaml!1lti:
    T""tanl!1lti:
    0<0. 1, l sqq. 120,38.
    n Reg. I ,, 26.
    448, 8.
    1.
    i. 26.
    466. 11.
    .
    Ps. 10,7.
    10, 7.
    90,
    9O, 'Zl.
    'n.
    138,7 sq. 176,32.
    Prov. 3, 4.
    g(}, 31.
    3190,

    4.6!iq.
    4.6sq.
    ] .
    Cant. ], 10.
    2,5sq.
    2, ]4.
    3, I.
    .
    ' 1.
    4. 17.
    5op.
    5. 8. 1.
    ].
    8,2.
    8,2.
    8, 2.
    11,17.
    18.60,1.
    Is.60,I.

    448, 2.
    444,32.
    444, 34.
    444,35.
    444,36.
    444,31.
    444,37.
    418,29.
    448,
    448,5.
    S.
    466, ]2.
    ]20,38.
    408.35.

    18,
    l8,61,11.
    61,11,
    Os. 11, 10.
    II
    Mac;c.
    Mac:c. 15. 14.

    Rom. 1,2().
    1,20.
    ,20.
    1,20.
    1,20.

    408,35.
    90,30.
    100,8.

    Nov;
    Novi Testament;:
    Testameoti:
    Matth. 7,6.
    11 ,35.
    12,25.
    542, 29.
    ]00,34.
    24,36.
    100,34.
    Mare. 3,
    Marc.
    620, 12.
    3,2:7.
    7.
    10, 25.
    10,25.
    540,39.
    joh. I , 3.
    m,36.
    1,3""1'
    1,311'1' 232,35.
    4,23.
    230,7.
    4, 23.
    234,31.
    1,
    7, 16.
    100,35.
    ]0,30.
    100,37.
    ]4,28.
    ]00,33.
    100,33.
    A<::t.
    <::. 22. 25-29. 602.36.

    I,'n.
    , 'Zl.
    I Cor.

    Jl Cor.

    Eph,
    Co
    eo..
    Hebr.
    j ..<::.
    I Petr.
    r joh.

    8,28.
    ]2,15.
    ]2,1!5.
    2, 1.
    7.
    2,8.
    15, 33.
    15,33.
    10,3.
    I , 11.
    ].
    2,3.
    11
    " , I.
    .

    3,8.
    5,5.
    3,9.
    5, ]8.

    288,23.
    294,29.
    296,12.
    466,9.
    444, 4.
    444,4.
    466,24.
    90.28.
    284,33.
    296, 10.
    588,36.
    600, 14.
    620, 16.
    362.2.
    102,37.
    284, 16.
    618,29.
    6'8,29.
    90,3]
    90,31..
    102,3.
    '02,3.
    102,4.

    b) LocI
    Locl Sertplonim.
    Scrtplonm .
    Aes<::hy].
    Aes<::hyl. Prom. 329.
    Albert .M. Phys. VIII
    Albert.M.
    l tr. 1.
    . c. 15.
    Metaph. XI
    tr.
    . 2. c. 21.
    I tr.
    . 2. c. 28.
    X
    XI
    tr. 3 . c. 1.
    7.
    Oe
    De Nat. et
    e Orig. Anim.
    . tr. 2. c. I.
    .
    Alexand. Aphr. 'Alropk",
    ro.. X(l\
    \
    ';'<;
    ),,jon,,, I

    (ed.. Bruna
    (w..
    Bruns

    Aristot.
    Anal . (l
    AnaI
    zr.
    7. 43b, 7-9.
    0:27. 43b, 9-11 .
    0:: 29. 45b, 36-40.
    0:29.4&, I sq.

    25

    2, .39-4
    ] ).
    p.39-41).
    .
    p. 4 ], 8-15).

    1 25 (Il
    ( 2,
    1121 (II
    ( 2, .
    p. 66, 22- 25).
    11 19
    ' 9 (Il2,
    (11 2, .
    p. 63, 10-28).
    11 21
    2 1 (112,
    ( 2, .
    p. 68, 20 24).
    Il21
    Il2 (II2.p.
    (2. . 70,33--71,2).
    1,33--7, 2).
    Oe
    De Fato c. I.
    . (ed. BruIUI .
    p. 164 sq)
    )
    <::. 6. (171, 14--26).
    Ambro . Oe
    Ambros.
    De Fide 110
    (PL 16.M3C;
    I6.M3C; 547 A).
    ).
    Amell,,&
    AmeU\1s
    Ant h o!.
    o l. Pa
    . l at.
    .. 5, 129.
    Aristid. 'Yrlp
    i TbIv
    ,"!&p,,"v
    &
    Ir
    384.

    168,26.
    168,35.
    170,8.
    110,23.
    170,23.
    170, 12.
    178,34.
    194,39.
    166,2] .
    284,7.
    100, 15.
    500,29.
    !50,39.
    50,39.

    0:: 32. 47a, 2-4.


    0:: 41. 49b.
    r 10.
    IO. 76b.
    "2.9Qa.
    "2.9Oa.
    Top.yl.
    ~
    Top. y J.
    ~ ,~.
    '~.

    ".

    8.
    Phys.
    Phya. 0:
    : 2.

    ...

    .2.
    .2.
    .2.
    .3.
    .3.

    .8.
    0:8.
    8.

    iili~
    II~I~

    13-16.

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    Probl .. ",,'
    "'"
    11.
    ....1.
    l . post .

    Top
    .

    Phy
    Phyt... ..

    212, 22.
    199.9.
    300, 12.
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    11 12. M.
    .
    2 12, ZI.
    212,2'1.
    2 13.6.
    210.2.
    214. :18.
    227. I.
    .
    2OlI , 10.
    20!1
    208 , 17..
    130, 8.
    132. 36.
    124. 38.
    144
    I ..... , !i.
    209, 4.
    132. 26.
    138. !i.
    140. 10.
    209. 11~~ .
    126, 28.
    208. 22.
    108. O.
    .
    118, 311.
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    112,
    1 1 2, 15
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    126. 26.
    " .3.
    ., . 126. 23.
    138, !i.
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    124. 26.
    124.
    12.4. 26.
    132. 21.
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    89.6.
    5.6.
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    10C,1.
    122. 17.
    11 .
    128, 8.
    130, 1 .
    132, 1$.
    1&.
    131, 14 .
    13i,
    128, 10.

    102.20.

    208. l !i.
    .

    2IU.2.
    210.2.
    223 , 32.

    38,
    38 , 2'1.
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    110. 31 .
    132. 28.
    181. 32.
    132. 32.
    118.
    1 18. !i.
    .

    112. 20.
    112, 22.
    132,
    Il2,35.
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    240, 33.
    184, 2".
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    132, M
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    38.27.
    38.2'1.
    208.
    2118. 13.
    291 . 9.
    299.12.
    299. 12 .

    300.
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    300.1.5.

    300. 32.
    301, 6.
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    314. 2.
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    306. 1.
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    304. 34.

    30&. 33.
    307. 30.
    301.
    308, 25.
    211.
    309, 20.
    310. 22.
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    613

    VOLUMINIS TERTU
    VOLUMINJS
    TERTJJ .

    Be"sa.ion.
    ... 8_";00.10
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    A
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    qq.

    , 17.

    4. IOI4b. 18-20.
    1j8!5.IOI!Sa.20sqq.

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    88. IOl7b,
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    I 14.
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    3 , 13 (PG 3,
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    8, 24.

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    o n ys. Halic.
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    (n:>e.
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    p. 188
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    p c z. Epist
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    . adH_am 144. 25
    2!5..
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    369, 19.

    38,12.
    38, 12.
    258, 24.
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    148 A).
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    183. 34.
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    191.3.
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    194.
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    194, 16.
    195. 11 .

    61.

    VOLUM INI S TERTIt.


    TERTll.

    Mlebael.
    MJctaeI. Ap
    oat.
    .. Ad Theod . c._
    obiect.
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    6 , 2.
    2.
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    1Q!!;, 28.
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    196. 11 .
    6 . 22..

    6.3.
    6.3.
    6. ...

    198.31 .
    1
    _.3.
    3.
    1_.
    1. 35.

    6. ...
    6. ...
    6. ...

    c.ns.

    6..'.
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    Epbt .

    c
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    CIU>OIcuID

    ProcII.. 111 Panoeuid


    Proc
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    ad

    76. 9 .

    82. 30.

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    182. 23.
    183. 18.
    202. 10.
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    182.20.
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    90. 33.
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    243.3.
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    11.
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    12. 24-26.
    12.2!5.
    12.20.
    BUMe 139.
    .39. 22-30) .
    111 Categ. (ad
    ( . Bu_
    ll.goII(....
    ALgOCe(..". B .._

    338. 71.

    200. 6.
    2OO.2:J.
    200.2:.
    201. 8.
    8.

    Nleo l ai
    Nlco
    al Par o tt!
    ttl Ref.. tado
    ado deli
    deI.i ...
    .... _
    me.ootorum.
    lDe,,",. Georc
    Geor .. T
    ...
    ....
    p.
    056,
    ~. 8 .
    O lI ,.lDpIod
    ympiod . 101.
    L l'bMdoaem
    PbMdoaelD
    451. 18.
    451,
    ID ~
    I
    451 . 33.
    451.

    P o rphyr.

    4!16.
    4. :iIO.
    20.
    4M.
    4 .
    2.

    384. 19.

    243.
    243, 22.
    22 .

    220. 8.
    164 . ...
    208. 33.
    223. 17.
    170. 36.
    17'.

    I".
    ... 41Sb.
    41St>.

    ".600..
    1 1... "1 6b.
    ... "1&.
    I I".

    ".6b.

    1 1...
    111
    11 I.. " 19&.
    Ih.
    11
    n 20. 420&.
    11 3 1. "2Ob.
    IV
    l 20. 425b.
    IV
    l 29. 426b.
    V
    3 1. 428b.
    37. 434b.
    X
    3. 443&.
    XV
    ll . .........
    XVII.
    ........
    XV
    Il6.
    6. 446b.
    XV
    Il7.
    7. 445b.
    44b.

    184. 1.
    I.

    189.
    1 8{. 18
    1 8..

    168.
    168, 10.
    ,.
    284. 37.

    "" ".

    299. 6.
    3
    19. 10
    " ..
    3 19.
    320. 2 1.
    323. 10 .
    28Si1, 8.
    28Si1.
    2110. 77..
    "
    " 9.
    22.
    291.
    29'1. 2.
    292. 3.
    299. 19.
    '9.
    300. 19.
    \9.
    300, 24.
    301 . 8.
    302. I.
    .

    "" ".

    303.6.

    3 13,
    13 . 23.
    324, 34.
    3 15.10.
    3 13. Z
    ..
    313.26.
    30:1.
    3. 12.
    12 .
    ...
    306. I".
    306. 37.
    308. 12.
    307.34.
    307.37.

    '1.
    ".

    LOCI SCRIP"fORUM
    SCRIPTORUM VOLUMlNl
    VOLUM.1NIS
    S TERTII.

    Tbeod. Cu.
    Caz. Prob!.
    Probl.
    XVII
    \.. 445b.
    ll . 44&.
    4468,.
    XVIII.
    XVII
    2. <t46a.
    XIX
    12. 447a.
    4471. .
    XX
    2. 449b.

    XX
    3. 449b.
    XX
    4. 4:)Oa.
    V.Ier. Max.
    Valet.
    Mal<. IV
    4, 8.
    Vergll.
    ergll. Eclog. I 16 sq.

    IX
    45.
    Georg. m
    III29I
    291..

    308.28.

    vergil.i.~;:
    vergii.~;:

    309. 12.

    309,21.
    3310,1.
    10, 1.
    311,6.
    :"111,16.
    :"111, 16.
    311,3.5.
    311,3::.
    379.39.
    332,31.
    332,34.
    318,31.

    III
    399 sq.
    q.

    III
    672.


    NOMINA

    GRAECA.
    Ap(m\mrot;.
    Am\mro;, pbilOl. 183.
    183, 2:5.
    2::1.
    ~1)t;, 08.
    pbila.. 89 25(1 puin
    puaim.. 461,
    ~.

    54, .
    ,,, . 443, 4 ; 9; 14.

    "".77,

    ;;.~;,
    ~ ~...._-:-~"

    <8'. 28.
    5112,

    ani;us

    ; 32.
    ";2.. 34. 114.
    114, 2Ci.
    2 . 178,
    178.

    178. 21.
    21 . 421.
    m . 4!.
    41 . 443.

    462,2. 464,
    464, 10. 483, 3. 486, 31;~.
    3 1 ;~.
    488, 19 ; 22; 24. 489,2 ; 30.511
    30. 511,10.
    , 10. 512,
    512.
    5 ; 9 ; 27;29 ; 30;32. ~13. 13. 576,
    576. 8.
    '
    Apo ,oto)n.oi(
    ,)" 175
    217 pusim.
    'Apo!
    121 ").
    ifll'. poI!ta
    pota 200. 20.
    'I.no.,
    Aptnv., PlatQnis
    P1atQis pate
    pater 223. 31.
    31 .
    .~,
    Peudo-Arcl1.
    176,
    24.
    199, 15; 30
    '~. Pleudo-Arcll. t76,
    'A"J....
    'J... 1
    144.. 29. -443.
    443. 4 ;32.
    ; 32.
    'ACiiK6c;,
    '. .. 6, phlos
    philos. .166.
    I66.2.
    2. :113,
    513.4.
    4.
    A6youm-ivoc.
    6youo. Kript.
    :rip. ec:cl.
    ec:d. 2.
    2, 14. 4, 15.
    1:1. 8, 32.
    12,30. 14,17.20,3.
    14.17.20,3. 26, 18. 72.2;4.
    72.2; 4. 73,
    21 ; 40. 74,3;20. 77,6.
    ', 6 . "79,
    79, 10. 80.
    8O. 2l.
    21 .
    81.
    81, 15.
    15. 82,25. 86. 3l.
    31 .
    'AW,M'"I.
    AW,M,"I. dea
    d&a 104.27.
    'A~ Hometk"
    '~
    Homei;:" 164, 12. 172,
    1"12. 30.
    581 . 11 .
    'l~.
    A~~. rhetor 484. 22.
    f

    443. 22. 465. 10.

    amleu.ll
    amku. 580. 10 ;

    . ~,
    ~. 20 ; 21 . 5M.

    AJexii
    Akxj tiliut
    tiliUI 580,
    MO. 25
    5 .

    Homerieul
    HOlQ~uI 191,
    IVI. 22
    22..

    ., phJ08.
    phila.. 464.
    464, 19.
    rex
    ex Sieillae
    Scillae ~7S,
    ~7S. is.
    5.
    ecc1.2,
    14. 24, 38. 26,
    ecd. 2. 14.24.38.
    26. 10.
    208. 28. 4:i7,
    208,
    4!i7.3t;37.
    3l ; 37.

    m . 22-

    _,~.
    b,~.
    nglo
    gIo

    178.
    178, 28.

    '~;;::::~:
    ~;;::::~: Theodori
    Gemisti
    -488.
    11
    Gemist filius
    {l!
    -48,
    .. 472. 9;
    )
    Ga_ trater
    t&ter 4'12,
    g;

    pater 574,
    574. 3.

    12. 483. 12.

    , 12.
    rr.>..6.
    d..l)II.\c;. med. 233.
    233, 14 ; "I
    1 9 ; 25.
    ~. 484.
    484, 2.
    rr'II'
    ... ,.. ,6,;
    ,; ~
    I'pyu>. v . ~.
    I>J&c.w.
    ~TpKCr;w.t'~, 60. ~80, 39.
    ~Tpo:cu4.t'~,
    83,"30:
    gl,":lt): 84,
    15. 92.
    9,3.
    3. 100.
    100.21
    21 : 102. 5. 106,
    17. tt
    O.18.
    .18. tt
    2.3O.
    2.30. 114, 1; 6 ; 19. 116,
    18. 120.17
    120. t7 ; 41.
    41 . 122,
    122. 12 ; 35. 488. 16.
    ]6.
    ~76.7:8.
    576.7:8.
    r~, Theodori Gau.e
    Game fmUll"
    fr.u.r 572, 2 ; 9.
    9.
    rrouuL
    po<LXOL 2.
    2, 18:
    18; 28; 29. 4, t.
    . 44, 8. 464, 37.
    r~ 6 ~, acript.
    ~
    :ript. ec:cl.
    ec:d. 2. 14.
    ',
    I, 36.
    36. 60,
    60. 19.
    rp1(6f''W;
    Nb.,.. taipt
    1r6'n 6"..
    ip .. ec:d.
    ec:cl. 64,14.
    64, 14.
    rpl.,'W;.
    rl.,n. Fr.
    F r . FiIeHi
    FeHi amicu.
    amic:u. :192,
    592. 25.
    ~. T
    aoed
    ed . 443, 8 .
    .txxi:w
    ..tx. WU;
    ~ 585,
    58:1. 1.
    4.ot~. v.
    o~.
    .~.
    '~.

    618

    NOMINA GRAECA.
    GRAEC.

    .o.
    r..imuoc:.
    ... ~.
    457.3]
    457.31.,

    phil.
    phUo.. 114.34.
    14. 34. 4M.8.
    4.8. 4M.!i.
    4.!:.

    M~. apo.
    .;.
    papa 14,21.76,
    14.21. 76, 16.
    61>108.
    rex
    22,
    19.
    54, 34. M.2.
    oI>lo8. """
    ,2.

    ~ 179, 10.
    n'" (ll.'lI'-IrnlPI
    (>j-!rnJ/ 104. 'n
    AIlI'''l'"P'''
    Zl .
    Ll.~P'O( inu.;.
    ~p")<:
    ~.... Johannis L.
    L . filius
    filiu8
    77.
    77
    .o.'lI'<Im>wc;
    '1.<Im>><; 6 n
    <ylwc;.
    .....yc.>~. Bar..
    .. amteu.
    anCU8

    4211: 6.
    6.

    A>lllm"o.o<;
    >JI11>1<; 6

    LTouc>6,,,,woc;.
    Loo."oo).o.

    S86:30.
    S6:30. !S88,
    ts88, 19.

    amicu.
    Gazae ",mic".

    p<oc; . Gemisti
    Genist.i filiU5 468,
    .
    AI'~'
    468. 11.
    >J>.<; , Theodori Gaue
    Gazae frater
    &ater
    A"IlI'~>O<;'
    g: 11.

    ")6-.. philo.
    .o."lP6><p-..
    philOll. 203.21.

    t.'ll'ovOc~.
    '1ov~.

    .""
    61.1.",",,.,
    ,.,

    512.2 ;

    orator 198.7.
    198. 7. "'2, 18.

    plli.loo.
    plill08. 470, 17.

    &ctyt''I'j(
    t<tyt''I'j( I.
    Adpna(
    dna; 212, 10.
    aWmo.:
    ' Ao.n"
    ; 60.29: 31: 33
    33;; 34
    l!.~ 11'
    A<~" :'ot;
    onoc;
    6

    A)'WV=
    w!.;;
    .t83,
    23.
    A~
    Ak"<t.. ot 011.;; .t83,23. 484,
    '7;
    ; 14.
    ~ 6 Aoeom:ry(r;.
    ~om:ry(Tl);. K
    IOC.ript.
    ipt. occl. 46.

    Ep.~, polU.
    Et;,
    pofU. 196,
    , 6
    6..
    Ep<.ma.
    ...
    ,
    233,
    10.
    E<.m.....
    E~ !i73, 12.
    ~ 232. 19. 233. 18.
    E7n]
    . 441.
    441 . 20. 443. 14.

    Zip.ol.f;
    i;:.".
    .... legillator
    legilator
    7A):copltxi;,
    'Ac!x;, propheta
    Zc<;.(;.
    Zc<:>. deu.
    deus 192,3(1.
    z..~""'l"l'O. Pena
    .&""'"1'.
    PerM

    445. 4.
    4.
    75, 37 .
    233,32. 462,26.
    462,26.

    178,23.
    \78,23 . 009. 8.

    '.u&.M.:.
    H3L;. Thraciae regio 178,
    78, 29.
    'Hp<bW:,-.. l"",.
    philoe, 191.
    36.
    'Hp<bW:.-..
    19 1,36.
    'Hpouc).ijt;.
    ouc).i',;. h _ 164,12. 202.26.
    'Hpou<).~, 6
    <<).~,
    ~7PP'
    ' ""
    pI""
    d u,. 590,6; 10.
    du,",
    m,21.
    'H~. g.amm.
    ~,
    g<amm. 83.38.
    83.38.
    'H""t...;
    ""t.. 6 K<mp.o.;.
    <;. mOn.thut
    mo... thu. 100. 28

    102,
    102,1S;6.
    !S ; 6. 144,23. 1.54,23
    11S4,23..
    'HcRoao.;.
    fo8o, poi!ta !\88,33.

    '".'
    '".'",ro
    ",ro , philO$.
    Platontc\Tt
    P1atonk... 202. 9.
    124, 8. 126, 30.
    phik$.

    138, 1.

    12.
    12.8.
    8.24.
    24. 10. 10. I:!.
    :!. 3. 54.
    M. 22: 27.
    27 . !18
    .58. .40.
    .4.
    62, 12 : 20. 64.4: 17. 6G.
    6. 12
    12;; 17 ; 18; 20;
    25
    2!i :3I
    : 31 :35
    :35..
    .o........:..no.;.
    A.......:..no.;. .oVCo;
    kpo~<>; 431.
    431 . I!S
    .
    . 73, 'n. 74, 8 . 7!S.
    7!. 4 . 76.21 .

    198, 6.

    'roi_
    7,""' II
    ...., 6 8",6.;
    &.:",&d.~ 2.
    2, 19.
    'loi_lI""
    ,_"" liturgia
    Iiturgia I.
    . Iacobi
    Iacob 18,12
    18,12;; 11S.
    IlS. 24,
    26. 28,.1.
    28,41. ~1S;27.1S2,
    ~lS;27.lS2, 11S.
    IlS. 68,2,
    '1"'''II>.zx1i
    'I"'
    ... II>.' XIi .... _ , 11.
    11 .
    6.>. ..... philOll. 114,34. 4",
    loill-lI>.'x
    455, 11 .
    1"'
    "' ..... '1'1"',
    ,,"'. IWlae
    Ilae regio :182,
    lS82, 1!S.
    I1S.
    'J,lD<
    1S18, 11
    4,2.
    1~1DF.... !S18,
    I!., M4,2.
    '1"".)'-1""
    '1t.,I"" ,. proph. 14,24.
    1..,...""
    ....., script.
    .<><;,
    crip. eoc:l'
    eoc:l. 11
    11,, 14. 12,2. 13,
    1; 19; 39. 14, I]
    ] 16, 76, 14
    . ; 16; 23 ; 25;
    29;31,
    29;31. TI,
    1, 2; 2D. 80,21 ; 3lS.
    31S. 81,24 ; 30;
    31. 82, 23; 26. 83.
    83, 8 ; 16; 21;
    21 ; 25. 86,
    86,31.
    31.
    ~.;
    18~ 9; 21; 23.
    ~ 4; 16; 18Ji.!9;

    w ....... 6
    .) ",io
    'I
    .)"'piC
    .... .19,28,
    419,28.

    w"....

    619
    "9

    NOMINA GRAECA.
    GRAEC.

    'I...,.,,,,,,,
    I> Xp
    ...w.; 18, 21; 22. 22, 16. 26,
    ...,.,W. 6
    X.I"f<;
    3; 11 ; 19 : 23.40,22.46,24;34:35.
    23. 4. 22. 46,24; 34: 35. 62,
    23. 72,34. 78,3
    78,3;0:..
    'I~LOC;, seript.
    '1~.oc;,
    se:ript. eccl . 1".
    1,c, 14. 73,40.
    1."....-.6.;,
    - t. 8"f.J_7.
    '1"'....-.6.;, a
    -t.
    '1....), ......6<;'
    ...6<;, phi!,..
    philos. 4:),27.
    ~,27. 460,35.
    'I~T"II(, medic.
    ~,
    nC. 429, 19.
    'ItUi
    ...., tq,OJ''''
    ko.......
    'I
    ...u;p ...
    .... xX... 435.19.
    ><&, orator 198
    9 8.
    8.
    '1"0><&""",
    '1"Tdt..
    'I..,.;.t. 177, 21. I~, 2tI. 203, 18. 233, 1.5.
    .
    ..w, 11.
    1 . <446,
    444,
    44I.i, 41 . "7,
    "7. 22. 4<18,
    4018, 2. 482, 14.

    m,3.
    m.3.

    'I""';'",
    'Id'" '0'
    ,~. 208. 36. 211 ., 2\).
    21). 230,
    230. 9 . :sM,
    .5. 13.
    .592.
    92, 14.
    'ITOtld
    >t 119.
    179,30.
    30. 478.
    478, 11 . m.2.
    i573. 2 . .589.
    !89.14.
    14.
    *w!;.
    'I~. ,.....nlist:a
    ,.....~ista 22. 14.71,6;7;8;
    14.71.6;7;8;
    26: 29. 73,
    73. 23; 28. 76, 34. 78. 1:1.
    1!5. 79,
    79. 26.
    80,
    8!i. 27; 30. 86,23
    80. 2. 84,21.
    84.21. 85.27;
    86.23 ; 41.87,
    41. 87.
    11:26.
    11 : 26.
    '~
    scipt. """'\.
    """,. 8 .30.
    ,30.
    '~6 a:Jont~'!;,
    &:!l<n<~'!';. script.
    10.12;33. 12,
    12. 3 . 14,24
    14.24.. .010,
    -40. 6. 46,9.
    46.9.
    54.23. :s8,23.
    54,23.
    M.ll. 60.13;23;38.
    60.1.5;23;38. 62.6
    62,..
    '~
    ...
    Ebyo
    ..
    .
    bIAn:::i
    !".
    ~ '" Ebyv ...!.;. bIArei EII8"' frater
    433.31 .

    Atm.-o.; 72,
    72. 1.
    7. 73,39.74,3 ;9.

    m.wc;

    76. 19 ; 21 .
    76,
    77.36.
    77,36. "19.2'1.
    79.27. 80.37.81.28.
    80,37. 81.28. 198,26.
    198.26.
    533.22.
    53.5.22.
    _
    Aorri"_ 2. 13: 28; 29. '",
    44. 27. 72, 1; 8 .
    73. 24. 74,
    74 .5. 75. 20; 22 ; 27. 76,
    76. 1 ;
    3. 80,
    80. 33.81,1;29;31
    33.81.1;29;31.. 83,19;37
    83.19;37 ; 38.
    84.30. M.3.
    ,3. 134.27. 138,23. 140,
    140. 13
    15 ;
    14<C. 3 1 ; 41 . 171.15. 197. 14: 26. 198.
    16. 144.
    2!.
    21. 212.
    212, 1.5.
    l. 234,32;
    234. 32; 35.
    3.5. 235.6.
    23.5. 6. -441.20;
    447. 20;
    24; 37. 489.3; 31
    31.. 535.17; 19. 534.13
    534.13..
    535,23;
    53!i. 23; 25
    25.. .574,5;
    14, 5; 16. 576. 13. 589,
    589. 12.
    A./#..
    .l4, 3.
    pers. bibl.
    bibi. 75.8.
    ~,
    '~
    ~ lI"o>cOl{>'-';
    Ao>coo.r;..
    ~. v.
    ~. rhetor 198.
    198, 14.
    /I..

    !S81.20.
    .581.20.
    178.18.
    .a>.tcMr;
    586, 19.
    9.
    A.ao.tctv(.., !586.
    /I.._a~. _.nsclista
    _.
    _ansclista 18.4.
    AuIJo( -442.35.
    442.35.
    ~. legislator 443.2.
    443,2. 446,3;
    446 .:1; 15.
    13.
    /I..~. 1
    '-";,
    ced.
    aeM. 443,
    443. 10.

    ~
    by:oantinu.
    'l~ >to<;"'~.
    ~ "'~. byantinll.

    437. 6 ; 9.

    ocript. eocl. 2. 19.


    /,
    Xp'
    "
    """"'
    '
    '
    I
    '
    O
    <;.
    8.18.18.23.24. 26.28, 8:31.30,3.
    8.18.18,23.24,

    ".,15;31
    . ."
    "
    15; 31..

    'I~
    .~ ,""",,,,6;,

    34.7.46,6 ; 36.:s2. 9;20;22:31;38.56.


    9;2Q;22;31;38.56,
    23. 64,13.
    64.13. 68.2. 73,23. 80. 13. 86,
    86. 10.
    77.2.
    77,2.

    iA,"",
    (,""".;)
    ,&l.Y!' ) 161479,
    479. 32. 0180,
    ., 24.
    511.
    51 . 2.
    2 . .513.
    13, 31; 35
    3!S .

    32;33.
    32; 33. 197,35.
    197. 3.5.
    '0"', 18. 12. 28.41
    28.41..

    . 7.

    ...

    . 443, 23.

    "',.w"",

    > s=,o"o '"2,26;


    l.
    AI>
    442.26; 28; 29. 443,1
    443.1 ; 1.5.
    445. 16. 446,2.
    446.2.
    Aor.J.t_r
    r.._......
    ..... , bbliopoIo.
    bibliopola 483,
    483. 23.
    6 11, .. ~I>I;, . -rpo;, 'liw:.

    A611' .. ~"'. v. A'lllirrP""" '~.

    ::~,~:,"", 581. 14.


    ~~,~:,""'

    13. 586.22:
    ~. 22: 24 ; 25.
    2.5.
    N~Hom ... ie". 417,33.
    ;:om"",C".
    411.33.
    N
    /, Xetl.a.;

    Xe>.a; 430.9.

    N
    , Cardinalis
    Cardnalis diac. tit.
    tt. S.
    s. Damasi
    76, I;
    ; 10; 16. 82,28
    82.28.
    ,
    N",6h,
    .. ",(
    ... /,/, o:W).o.;
    ~ 30, 26. 32,7.
    ,
    N".6)"",(
    .. ""'( I>/, _""'_ 470,3.
    470. 3. 641,
    647, 2; 14.
    N.... .i(.
    3.
    ~. legislato~.u:s,
    legislato~.u.5,.:I.
    NC,
    N.... pers. hibl
    . .52.34. M
    ,, 1
    .
    c
    Nci::.. .....
    ).
    ~ ~.

    1"_""'_

    ...*'-Ih.....,...
    *'-It.....,...

    1.ac<Ida.etn.
    Lac&etn . 443, !S.
    ts.

    F_
    F=-7w,
    ....... IICript.
    IICpt. eta.s.
    cl&. -424,
    424, 36
    36.. .574.6
    74,6 .
    "<:, " . .....
    . . . Sixtus
    Si-.t"s IV. 577,2.
    "<t,

    .=m,",
    .=,,;,",
    philoa.
    hoa.

    164.31.. 180,
    164.31
    180. 8; 10 ;
    456.14. "'7,
    457, 17 ;
    4.56,14.

    .2.

    NOMINA

    'O~J 2'00;
    ~A
    '; 419.30.

    'Oj..'..; 179.2.
    '(Ij...'lP''-;

    'OI'>pX:
    >: 171,30. 240,20.
    240.20. 245.7. 581,11.
    '0ppC<.;.
    '0pC. mythol. 423. 13. 458.25.
    "o;,.ov. Osimo!i36. 15.
    0.:.....<"".
    0.:....."0". Venetiae 479, 34.

    -0;,,,,,,,.

    0lK~
    O:~

    (&--q.I""").
    (&--l"",,).

    11\3,26.
    1113,26. !l81,
    !81, 3; 23.

    Viterbo
    VHerbo

    <t89, 'n.
    <tt\9,

    GRAECA.

    22: 25.244,
    25. 244, 21. 455.3.4(115,17.466.
    455. 3. 4(11!, ] 7. 466. 12.
    469. 18;
    18;23.
    23. 470.11.
    470,5.511.4;
    511. 4 ; 10; 13.512.
    13. 512.
    8;28;31.513,13.
    8; 28; 3 1. 513, 13.
    ~oo;. ""ript.
    ID.oo>xoo;.
    script. claS!l. 464. 15.
    philOOl, 114.33. 166. 3. \18, 18.
    !D.-<_. phi1",.,

    JD.<,n,_.
    458. 2!5; 26. 459. 5. 513, 4 .

    2;
    ~, dellJl
    n~,
    de1Jl 213, 13.
    0.,.,
    .,. , ... 06,;. Gage
    Ga&l amicua 581.

    15.
    114,33. 154,3.
    1504.3. 166.3.
    115: 2el;
    2~1; 32. 176, 7. 178.
    78. 19. 208. 33. 211,
    21
    2; 26. 215. 35.
    M. 220. 8 ; 36; 38. 221,5.223,
    17.230.6;
    i7. 230.6; 25;29;32,
    25;29;32. 231 , 19.455.
    19.455, 11.
    11 .
    513,4. 545.17.
    54. 17.
    l1l.>U.Ol..6;;. grammat.
    gramm.at. 83.38.
    l1p"""""..6<;;.
    n~. ph1oA.
    ~.
    philoA.

    . 18. 28.
    7. 74,18.

    J4>6x'c.;.
    J1>6x)n:;.

    14. 18,4.
    40.111.

    .,...".

    phil...., 114,34. 140, 14. 146. 2.


    182.12. .fM.8;
    182.12.
    4.8; 18.
    18. .006.11.
    4.11 . 457.9. 458.

    9;25;29.459,2;4.400,2;35.
    9;25;29.
    459,2 ; 4.460.2 ;35.
    npc.>Uo;,
    <eo;. d,."s 421. 31.
    II=l.&i'"'to.:.
    .&.or.to.:;. m.ath.
    math. 178. 29 . .a3, 3.
    n .. a"r4"".
    .. I'4"". phi1oo.
    philoe. 163.36: 168.22. 178.
    17; 18; 34. 198.24. 459.9 .
    uve",.. ,':F-iot

    ,': p-iQ. 189. 32: 35.


    3!1. 469 ....
    n)pp."'.
    pbiloe.
    183.25.
    '~P''''' pl..
    n~ .. ....
    ~
    .... n.
    . -484.
    .84. 1.

    P4<tt"'l.
    P~. Ravenna
    479. 33.
    Ravel1na "79.
    'P'"1!lA''. pen.
    pers. bibl. 75,7.
    711.7.
    'p"'
    ' ....tx6.; 198.29. 2Cf1,
    1, 1.. ; 20.234.24.
    20.23-4.24.

    178,23.
    71,
    71. 7.
    PauI
    .
    Faul Il.

    'p
    ';io<.
    ..........,... Roma,,;
    Roa,,; 1"".31.
    l.w. 31. 2Cf1.8.
    1.8. 443.6.
    0167.
    4, 25. 1173.10;
    573.10; 22; 26
    26.. .585.
    585. 10.
    'p"'
    'P ....to<,
    io, Rbomaei
    Rlonaei ~. 23.
    'P.:.
    '443,
    ..."! 443, 25; 29."79,
    29. "79, 3!).<UlI
    35. <Ull ., 28. 0482,
    482, 18.
    18!\36, 19. !!37.
    1\36,
    :137. 19. !138.
    1138. 26. 573. 32. 1176.
    576. 9;
    28. 577,7.
    1,7. 578.10; 26;30. 579.17.25.
    1180,9.1181,20.582.5;
    !IBO, 9. !lS1 , 20. 582. 5; 12; 1I".
    ... 583,9;
    583.9; 18.
    !184,
    584,19;37.
    19; 37. 58t1.2
    58t1. 2 ;1I.
    ; 5. .586.
    586.17;
    17; 18;23.
    18; 23.
    !i87.
    118'1. I ; ...
    I" ; 18.
    18.1188,5:
    !\88,5: 8; 13 ; 22.
    22.!189.
    589. 19 .
    .592.38.
    'P
    ~'Io'
    ..~'Io,t 203.
    200. 13. 1JJ1.20.
    'JJ.2O. !i85.9.
    'P"'~' Runi
    Runt 578. 6 .
    .:i wc; 178,18.
    .z:i~
    lA~, pen. bibl.
    CCou+.,

    112,29.
    92,29. 106.12.
    . 144, 41.
    41 . 146.2.

    "'.16; 35. 464.20.

    52,35.
    52, 35. 54.
    ~. 2.
    nxp-!u
    183,28.
    p-! ..."ox),,,6.;
    "C'''6.; 183.28.
    r"" AMyriae 591, I. .
    -pa...~ """
    ,,M
    ... .. -3.8.
    443.8.
    ,,';. ,
    ... 34. 124, 15.
    111. 134,2
    13<1,2
    l:o.l""""'''(.
    philoe, 1'''.
    138. <t3. 208. 26. 210. 13. 211. 19. 228....
    248. 32. 249. 5; 1 ... 250."; 11.
    . -457.23;
    467.23; 31
    31..
    :&-;. 'td
    ,,.1.(1(.
    .. 230. 8; 9; 13.
    l:x6on"".
    ,"1.(1(. Scoti.ta
    Scoti.tae
    1.:><40
    ><40 ... -432,
    <t32, 10. 442.28.
    44.2.28.
    ~576,
    xu&>d
    576, 18.
    18 .
    o).o~
    :&w.o~ -436,38.
    l:6;),
    ....., 1egi8lator 445.5.
    Lli""...6.;.
    i"".....;. Gaue amie
    :.m;c".
    ... 577, 11; 12.

    :to"ON6c;.
    o,'.....6c;.

    v.
    . TIocii).o,;.
    oci).o,;.
    ~1O
    1.:~"" 443,32.

    .w2,35.
    ""2,35. 448.
    448 . 13; 35.
    ~ 118.28.
    inI:yza
    178.28.

    1.:~

    ==~Gt~\~~~
    586.30,
    ==~c! ~i!~ .586.30,

    l:1-t.>"O<d
    1-t.>"<d 21
    211 . 33. 212.
    21 2. 9. 0462,
    462, 11
    ; 25. "70, 18.
    ~ 443.32.
    ~, philOll.
    philo. 455.
    455, 11
    .


    NOM IN
    A

    Y",<p6."f"II(;,
    ",;, h.,..
    phii.,.. 168.22. 481.7.
    I:wcI,I
    , .. ,... pcnonatus 90, 34. 156.32. 1!S7,
    17,
    !S: ; 24. 180, 14 ; 15
    I!S;; 16 : 24. 192.2:1.
    192.2!S. 199.
    19 ; 27. 203, 1; 3. 223,29.466,
    223,29.466,2:1.
    2!S.
    I'w~ 485.12.
    ~
    48!S. 12.
    .......
    1:f).. !::l'XO<;.
    pater J"I'r$On
    po!T"$O" ...tu~
    ...."''t)
    :;;. Socratis
    So:atis ater
    1 ,14; 15
    1!S ; 16
    16;23;24.
    ;23; 24. 223.28.
    ~<pt...,.,
    =....,.,

    162, 35.

    T~. Tare"tum
    Tarentum

    !S8O.22.
    580.22. !i82.!S:
    582.:1: 11; 13 ;
    ] I.. !I8(j.8.
    27. .584.
    584. 11
    !8.8.
    T~ 448,36.
    &
    . ""pugnat.crr
    _pugnat.r 443,30.
    T&
    T
    Y><Q).oy,
    )., Cingoli
    CingaH .536.9;
    536.9; 16.
    'f-r).i.c.",.
    ~""'X"', J"I'r$Onatus
    po!T"$Onatus 164,
    ]64, 32. 180,9; 10.
    1\.c.to<;, phU.... 163,35.
    n""""",,,
    163,3!S. 178,17;33;34.
    T,~. Pauli
    ,.
    Pau!i disc.
    d..,. 38.34. 8],20.
    81,20.
    ToiipIwI.
    ToiI. ('l'up.do.)
    (1'u.do.) 443.33 ;34. !S92.16.
    16.
    Tpo>!\pI!o;;
    T,,&Ita ,, "':'11'-";
    "':':,.,.. !\83,
    :183, 13.

    m.

    ' 2"""d ~ . .... thenie .... i~ !S]3.


    513. I.
    .

    CRAECA.

    621

    469,23.
    469,
    23.
    <llpiv.
    <i. vallis
    val!is 7:1,
    7!S, 2.
    ~~, aruf_
    ~a...;,
    artfex !S92,!S.
    592,5.
    .~
    .&.

    UJo ~. Fr. FUe1fo


    ~
    FUe1fa
    ~~, Platonlcu.
    ().~,
    Platanleu. 183.3().
    U..=~ 7!S,
    7!), I
    ;; 6.
    ~o.=o~
    ~ t "t...;
    .}
    "...; 75,4.
    7!S,4.
    F1crentae !\86,32
    586,32..
    ~, F1c)re"tiae

    10 ; 18. !S88,
    588,2:
    2: 12; 17. 589,!S.
    589,5.
    ~WU( 178,19.
    o.wu
    ~. Fn.n<:ia !533,
    p;y>Wx.
    !S33, 25.
    2!S.

    574. 2; 3.

    587,2; 3;
    .587,2;

    XN4c;,
    XMj, v.
    . "''1!.;;
    Nuc'l'l'lopoc;;

    x.:u....v

    424,35.

    Xptanco-.6t;.
    Xtnc-.6t;. X-nr.o.
    ~ 2, 11.
    . 26. 33. 24!S.
    ~. 30.
    441 , 18. 481,4.
    ~ 2--68 pass.m.
    X..n;
    passim. 73, 14. 78, 2:1.
    2!5. 79,
    39. 80, 1.82,2;
    I. 82, 2; 8: 11. 86. 4; 13;
    13 ; 18. 2:10,
    36. 436, 19.
    :>4>1)(10<1 c.;, v.
    . I
    .....""')(;.
    wr;.
    :>4>""0<1.61"'<,

    'R....t;,
    ~, scripl.
    ..,. ocd. 80.25. 489, 36.


    NOMINA

    Abirom, pers. bibI. 373.


    Abirom.
    373, 11.
    Abraham. pen.
    Abnham,
    pen!. bibI. 341 ., 4. 379,26.
    Academici 292,
    292. 11 .
    Aeestes, VetgiJiaous
    333, 7.
    Vetgiliaous 333.
    Aehab.
    bibI. 388, 1.
    Aehab, pers. bibl.
    Achaia 363, 32.
    Aehaia
    AchilI"",,
    i1"", Homericu5
    om ..:U5 338, 19.
    Adriaoi moles 360, 26.
    Aegid,ul,
    cbo1. 319,23.
    Aegidiul, tbeo1.
    tbeol. achol.
    319.23. 341,26.
    341.26.
    Aegyptii
    A
    .. gyptii 2'10,
    270, 2'1.
    27.
    Aegyptu. 258, 13. 26.'\.
    Aegyptus
    26.'1, 7. 291 , 30.
    Lepidus,. c:on. uI
    AemiJius Lepidul
    ul 383,6.
    383.6.
    Aemillu. Paulul
    AemillUI
    Paulu. 379,37
    379.37 ; 41 .
    Aeneaa,
    Vergilianu. 292, 28.
    Aeae&l, Vergilianul
    Aeuhio"",,
    Aocbioo, rhetor
    rbetor 406.
    406, 16.
    Aethiopea
    ethope 461. 9.
    Aettta mOoS
    374, 40.
    moos 374.
    Africa 265,7.
    Arnca
    AfricaDua, Scipio
    Scipo 383,
    383. 10.
    Albaoi ~1,
    ~I, 3.
    3.
    Albutul
    Braodeburge;i 504,
    504. 12.
    Albutu. Braodebu'lenllil
    Albemll Magaua 319.23
    319,23 ; 29;3:i.
    29;3 . 322, l!!.
    ~.
    A\bertul
    341 , 26. M,5,
    5, 9.
    AlbiewJis "p.
    ". 5S6, 6 ; 28. 5.58,6.
    558,6. 563,3.
    563.3.
    Albious, scriptor 256, 6.
    Aleumeoa. P1auuaoa
    Aleum"na,
    Flautiaoa 316,36.
    Alena:
    Alemania 371 , 24.
    Aluander
    Ale:ander Aphrndiliensil
    Apbrndieni 346,30;
    346.30; 36,
    36.
    AlexaodnAlexaode Magnus
    Magaus 272, 31;
    31 ; 34. 318, 2. 313,
    31
    453,2,5.
    31.. 453.2,5.
    Aluandria
    AIuandria 291 . 31;34.
    lp
    Alps ~,
    ~. 12.
    AlphoDl\l5. """ Neap. 270.
    AIphODl\l5,
    270, 6 . 277. 13.
    341., 19. 409, 10. 453,22;
    341
    4.53.22; 24.
    Ambros1us,
    Ambrosius, script. 0=1. 396,
    396. 12.
    Amelius,
    melius, philos.. 3:\3,
    33, 30.
    3.
    Anunaoat, I..:obul
    522,
    Anunaoati.
    4eobul 498,24. S08,33,
    508.33 . .522,
    12 . .524,
    12,
    524, 12
    12.. .528,20.
    528,20.
    AmphilochiuI
    4.52, 19. 593,.5.
    593,5.
    Ampbilochiul 452,
    Aocooa 409, 29. 4112.18:
    4112,18: 30.
    Andreaa
    ndreaa Coutrariu.
    Coutrariua 280, 16.
    A"dria,
    Audria, T_ti'ua
    _-". 293, 9,
    9.
    Aodrookul
    Aodrokus Calltoblu
    Caltoblu Ml,
    3, 9.
    I.. AIIgell
    Ageli cazd,
    ca.rd. diac.
    diae. 39C5,2.!509,
    39C5,2. 509, 7.
    Anglj I 394,31.
    394,31 .
    Angli'
    AntiOC:hen"""
    ntoc:hen""" 273, 25.
    AntoniUB
    ntoniUB P
    PanOTmita
    ... rrmita 600, 18.
    18,
    542,9.
    Apamiarum bibUotbeca
    bibliotbeca .542.9.
    Appio,
    , graDlmat. 270,24.
    Apulia .5.52,
    552, 8.
    Arabi& 367, 16. 27.
    Arabia
    geatlis 273, 22 ; 36.
    An:adiul, Tbeodosii gentis
    ArchlIochuI,
    ArchllochuI, puMa
    poeta 374, 22.

    LATINA.

    An:bytas,
    An:bytas. pblo.
    philoo. 264,
    264. 16.
    A.eopagitanus
    AiE..pagitanul sem.tu,
    sem.U, 270,22.
    270.22.
    Argyr<>pulos, Joh.
    ArgyropuIos,
    Job. .563.37.
    563,37. 601,25.
    601 , 25.
    Aristides.
    Aristd"", Atbeoieosia
    Atbeniersia 383, 11 .
    Aristo, Platonil
    P1atoUs pat"" 352, 11.
    .
    AristoteIes
    AStotel"" 257,6: 12: 14. 272.29. 274375
    381 , 21 . 382
    382,. .5.4.53.
    5. 453,
    37.5 pa.Wm.
    passim. 380, 37. 381.
    26. 454,
    454,2;
    2; 14; 23. SM.
    !1, 18.
    18, 555,
    5.5.5, 1;6
    1; 6 ; 11;
    16
    16.. .595,
    5~. 41.
    4. .599
    599,5
    .5 ; 24. 602,5.
    602 . .5.
    Aristoteleul 301,, 31.
    Aatotelcu. 288--366 p"
    I;m.
    Ariatotelicu.
    pu
    im.

    334, 7.

    .561 , 15.
    1.5.
    Attici 406, 17.
    Augusuoul,
    scrit. eccl
    331, I:
    : 2 ;
    Augu,tioul, script.
    eecl., 288,
    288. 27. 331.
    12; 25. 345,
    34.5, 29 ; 35.
    3.5. 346, 9. 347, 40. 392,
    17. ~1.37.
    Aurispa, Joh.
    2, 22,
    493, 10: 16. 494,3.
    Job. 2M,
    22. 493.
    494.3.
    AUltrates
    AustraI
    ... 393,30.
    Austria ~,3,2. !J06.32.
    !J06,32.
    AUltril
    Autofradates. dux regis Pcnarum
    Pcrsarum 381 ., 21 .
    Autofradates,
    Av ....tinus
    tinul mollS
    374, 39.
    Aven'(
    es
    Arah!,
    philos . 354,6.
    3.54,6.
    Avem: ee Arabs. pbIos

    BaaI 388, 3.
    Baal
    Barban,.,
    Barbar., FaoQllCUl
    Fra~IICUS 471 ., 15.
    1.5. 472, 17: 28.
    0173,25.
    Bartholomaeul,
    Bartholonaeu l, "p.
    ". i'areotinus
    Pareotinus .567,
    567, 19.
    Builii.
    Bui1. relig. mon.
    . 0106.23.
    0106,23. 407. 13.
    B
    ,ojlU,
    ..iliu., III:ript.
    ::rit. eccl. 273,
    273. 10,
    10. 319,33. SoI5,
    SoI5.
    28,
    !1. 20,
    ~2, 16 ; 28. 472,29. 593,4.
    28.01151.
    20. 4.52,
    593.4.
    .594.20;
    594,20; 30.
    Baudioul, Culllelmus
    B&udloul,
    G"illelous .5.504.
    5504. 4.
    Bavari
    B.vari 393,31.
    393.31.
    'on, Card
    . 93, I.
    . 272.
    2'12.
    B=nrion,
    Card.. Ncaeoua
    Nicaeoua 3, I.
    16. 34.5,
    345, 9 ; 14:32. 346, 8 . 347,29. 349,8.
    349.8.
    350,9. 351,32.
    3.51,32. 353,32.355,13.
    3.53,32.3.5.5.13. 357,22
    3.57,22 ;
    26. 359,8.
    3.59.8. 369,
    369. 16. 372.33.
    372,33. 403,
    403. I.
    . 010.5.
    .5.
    6: 24. -406,7: 30. 407. 12.
    12 . 0108,
    .os, 17,
    17. 41541.5571 pa.sim
    : 32.
    .571
    passim . 593,2,
    593,2. 594,24. 597, 101:
    .598,
    600. 19. 601,2
    601.2 ;
    598, 21 ; 25. 599, 19 : 26. 600,
    2.5.
    19; 25.
    B

    riOIl.
    , abb. mon. 5.
    5. Severini
    Severii Nlllpoli_

    623

    NOMINA LATINA
    LN .

    taDi
    tai 549, I.
    . MO,.!S;
    MO,.5; 19;31.
    19; 31. .552,3;
    2,3; 17 :

    28 . .5.53,28.
    .!S.!!3,28.
    Bitbyrdot.
    B>tbyro,. 363.31.
    363.31 .
    Btoudus 362. 29.
    Btoudu.
    oemi 393.30.
    Boemi
    Bofthius
    36.
    BofthIo' 347. 35.

    Bohemia
    BohomU.. (Boenlia)
    (Boenia) 385. ... 386,6; 2.5.387.
    2.!S. 387.

    16.390.9; "2.
    "2. .517.3.5.
    ~17. 3.!S.
    Bol>ouia
    Bo>ouia 408. 26. 477,
    477,2.5.
    2!5. !!07,
    !\07, 17
    17.. .5.52.
    ~. 17
    .564,13;
    4, 13 ; 26.56.5,
    26. 51i, 24.
    Boaoen_ 408. 33.
    Boaonien_
    Bcw:i
    Bcw: ... 364, 16.
    BoBn&ni 364. 10.
    Brita.oW
    Btu .553. 19.
    BritanWa 396
    Britanw..
    39.5.
    .5.
    BritalUl
    Brit&UIl.
    ... dux
    dllx (de Bretagoe)
    Bretagne) .567,
    fJ67, 3 ; 10 ; 30.
    Bt-wIdusi"m
    Bro:Id"sitm M2,5.
    2,5.

    Bn>tUt,
    Br>fuI, M.
    . 25/S,
    25S, 26,
    26, 2.56,3.
    2S6,3. 326, 14.
    a..,gund;a,
    reguum,
    Z1. 390,6;
    a..'Unda, {Ullm, dux 389. 1.
    11;43. 396,22. 5]8,
    :16'1,3.
    518, 23 ; 32. !i6'1,3.
    568,25.
    Burlae".s,
    Bl1rI&e".S, theol. 341,26.
    341, 26.
    By
    By"'tt>a
    ..."ti... l1b
    urb8 .5.52.
    2, 19.
    By..... tinu.
    tBl1. imperator. 407, 10 ; 13.
    BYza.Dtium 363. 13.
    BYZ8.Dtium
    13, 366, 22.
    22.406.
    406. 19.407.8.
    19. 407. 8.
    .5'2,2;
    ~2,2 ; 36.
    3. MI.
    ,9;
    9; 16.

    388,34. 389.13;38. 302,4:.5.


    302,4:.!S. 393,25.
    393.25.
    396.31.
    396. 3 1, 397. 12; 29 ; 36; 40. 398. 15. 4$2.
    1.5.
    15. 475,23.476,
    475,23.476,21.
    21 . 47'1,5;
    477,5; 19. 491 , 25;
    26; 1.
    Z1. 492, 2; 6: 10; 38: 43 . .516.
    .!S16. 9 . .517.
    .!S17.
    22;26
    22; 26 . .518,
    .!S18, 11 . .519,1.5
    .!S19, I.!S.. .523,20.
    523,20. 526,3.
    526.3.
    !i2'1.
    .!S2'1. 1 : 12; 28
    28.. .539.
    9. 26
    26.. .548,
    8, .5;
    5; 6; 12,.550,
    12, ,
    29. MI.
    , 11 . 551,25.5$3,
    551,2.5. .5.53. 11;35. ~.2O.
    M
    7.
    7. 33.. .566.
    566. 1.5.
    I.!S.
    Ch:ri,tnphnn>&
    Ch:riIt<>phons Maurus.
    Ib.urns.
    dux Venetiarum
    514,2. 529.
    529, 14
    14.. .541
    , 9
    9.. .549,24;
    9, 24; 30
    30_.
    Ch:ristd.
    Ch:rists 303, I.
    . 320.13:33;39.334,
    320.13:33;39,334. 32.
    340.16.346, 10.360,
    10.360. 16.361 ,~. 362,33;
    35.
    3.5. 363,
    363. I.
    . 373,.!S.
    373,.5. 382.31,
    382,31, 388, 9; 18.
    390.34.392.2(1.396,24; 28; 29.450,
    29. 4, 24.
    476,20;34. 492.37. 493. 1. .548,11,
    8,11,
    .550.
    . 24.
    24 . !S67,
    .567, 13. 571.20.
    Chry!OSt<>ID
    Chry-oo ... , Joh. 273, 4 ; 18: 19.
    Cice>'o, M.
    . Tullius
    Tul1us 2.5.5',
    2', 14; 43. 257. 16. 284.
    40. 28.
    ~. 13. 287, 17; 19; 27. 287.
    28'7. 10. 289.
    26 . 291, 20; 28. 292,8;
    292.8; 23 : 34. 295, 4 ; 8 ;
    1.5
    1.!S :23;29;34. 296. 16 : 17
    J7 : 29. 30.!5,24.
    3, 24.
    320.36.321.3; 10: 32. 332.19. 333.25.
    337.39_ 338,13 ; 27;31.339,6
    331.39.
    27;31. 339, 6;; 7 ;20.
    347.24 : 40. 409, 5.
    5 . 473. 4 . 474,
    4'74, 25.
    561 , 13.
    Cicero, Tullli
    CIcero,
    Tl11lli filiu.
    filius 255. 17
    17..
    Ciurones
    Cieerones 473, 4 .

    Caoc.u
    Caoc ... 374,39.
    Caec!n . A.
    . 332.20.
    Caechl
    Caenr,
    C.
    I . 2M,26.
    Caeo"r,
    2,26.
    Cageo _ Ga,""",
    Caga
    G&:oo, Th8od..
    Theod.. 277-342 pauim.
    CaguIai 30.!5,
    Cagulai
    3, 38. 309, 1; 11 ; 1.5;
    l; 11. 310, 13.
    31", 8. 316.26, 318,38. 319.6. 320. 1.
    I.
    323,23.
    323, 23. 324. 10; 16 ; '$1.
    . 326,"1.330.
    326,"1. 330. 13.
    331, 16;
    ]6; 32. 340,11:21.
    340,]]:2'1. 341 , 11
    ; 24.

    342.7.

    Caf'uleus
    C&leus 310, 2. 310, 15.
    15_

    CaU!st1Ullll,
    CaU.t .... 1JI, 409 . .5
    .!S ; 16.
    Campania MI.
    , 32.
    CaDtoblu
    CaDtobl........
    . .... Andr<>nk:u.
    Andr<>nk: .. 1
    Capitolium
    Capitoli
    .. m 396,21.
    CapPadoctl$
    CapadoctS 451.3.
    363, 31 .
    Cappadocia 363,31
    Caria MI
    , 13.
    C.rit..u.
    .... Venetii. 56.5.2;
    56.!S, 2; 25. ~,
    Carit..tis dom
    dom1Ul
    22 : 27.
    earmenta
    Carmenta 280.40. 322, ].
    I.
    Cannentalis
    Catnentali. 321 ., 14.
    Carolos
    Ma:n,,$ 363, 14.
    Caroln& Masnu'
    Carthaginiense
    39(1. 19.
    Carthagiense bellum
    be!]um 396.
    Cartbagln;eu_ 265, 18.
    Carthago
    CartJu.go 291,30;
    291. 30; 34.
    Cato M.
    . 251. 16. 258,32.
    Cto1sIlB.
    C!s8. medlc1Ul
    medic .... 285,12;39.
    28.5,12;39. 287.18; 28;
    32 ; 39. 288,
    288. 3.
    cC.... ben.
    beru. 374,40.
    ee
    Ce....
    .... 10.
    Z10. 18.
    Chakis
    . 2 : 22. MI
    , 31.
    Chaki&.550.
    31Charybdill
    Charybd.i 374, 39.
    Chi
    Chiu.
    ... 523, 17,
    Cbristl.ni
    Cbristiani 303.2. 349,39. 353,20. 364,4.
    3.58.3.365,29
    3,3. 365,29 : 31.366.21:33.369,9.
    31. 366.21:33. 369,9.
    371,2:21;30. 383,22. 384.30. 332,
    332. 9.
    363,34; 39. 361, 15; 22. 368, I.
    . 373,39.

    i. 363,
    551, ]3.
    Cilicia
    363. 31. .551,13.
    Cinichu
    CiniciIl' 100
    ao ... .566,
    566, 12.

    Clinia,
    Cliia, Toreutiana
    Toreutia... ~. 3.
    Clitipho, Te-rentiana
    CIitipho,
    Te1'~n~.na 297,7.
    CoIcbi 4.51
    Colcbi
    4!i1 , 3 .
    C<>"st&ntien
    tance) M7
    7 .. 20.
    C<>"sta"tie".... ep. (c<> .. tances)
    Constantinopoli8
    Con&tantinopollB 280, 18. 363,33. 364. 13.

    366. 17.

    47.5.~ ,
    47I.~

    C<>natalltinopolitanu&
    c<>ratantinopo1it&nus patriarcla
    patriarclta 13,29_
    Z13,29.

    406.8.

    c<>natanlin1Ul,
    C<>rataninua, im:rrator 331 , 18, 337,10,
    360.34. 363. I .
    Contrarius, Andreas
    ContrariU!l,
    ndeas 280, 16.
    Corneli
    Coneli ..s , medic. 318, 14.
    Covinllln,
    CoinIln, oppidum
    oppdum 393. 18.
    .c......s 251. 31.34.
    31. 34.
    Crat
    C..t .... Thet>an.
    Thet>a.n. ... 396, 16.
    CTilta
    CTIlta 49 1.24.
    1.24 .
    Cuten_
    c.'eten_ 3.54.28.
    3.28.
    Cretep";'
    Cretensis i ...... ta .509, 14.
    C.. mae :s.51.
    :s,sI, 32.
    Cuma.
    C"rio.
    Curio. Ciceronianu.
    Qceonanl1t 333. 26; 35.
    Curti
    .....
    Curtiua, Quintu. 297. 26. 318. 2.
    Cyelopes
    Cyeloes 37.,40.
    374,40.
    Cyri1Iuo, IICript.
    Cyrillu.,
    ""t. eccl . 334, 36. 300,28.
    346,28.
    Cyrus.
    Cyn:s, Xennphonteu$
    Xerophonteu$ 326. 18. 364. 12.
    Datam, pers.
    per-s. bibl.
    bib1. 373. 11
    " ,
    DavJd.
    Davld. n!><
    e.: 361,26.
    361,26_ 378,31 .,
    DeiphHIIS, ~ 406, 1.5.
    DeiphHu"
    I.!S .
    Demetriu. Palaeologus
    hlaeologus 340. 25.
    Dem08theues,
    DemOIItheIles, orator
    .. to 256,
    2:i6, I;
    ; 2. 292,6 ; 36.
    Deu.osthenell.
    Deuosthene. ineruditu.
    in en:d itu $ 473, 1.
    I.
    Di.....
    ..na Ephesin .. .596,
    596, 13. 597, 29.
    Dieo, peno>atu,
    3JS5,8.
    Dia,
    penn... tus 3.55,8.
    Dieth
    DietheruI,
    ......., ep. Maguutiuensi.
    Maguut,;uensis 386.
    386, 29.
    Diodorus.
    Diodoru
    . ""ript.
    IICript. ctass.
    ctas. 326, 18.

    I
    NOMIN .... LATINA
    LTlN .

    '24

    Dio.ep .... phllo&.


    hilo. 406,
    DiOl.le"
    406. 15.
    DiOll
    Pru,.cle,,"",
    Pru,.cle"oi, .betor
    rhetor 273, 19.
    DIOlIyat
    Dloyat ..1 Areop&gita 3.0.
    34ei. 34. 359.34.
    Dionysius.
    Dioys., I:y>:ann,,"
    :y..n" 1 .544, 'Z7.
    '1.
    Dolopcs
    Dolopc 338. 19,

    Domlnic
    ... Capranicenaio,
    Capranicenail, S.o Mari&e
    Dom1oC"1
    Ma&e in
    Via

    lau
    lata CAM.
    c.rd. diac.
    diae. 408. I .
    Doric ... 338,
    33ft 17.
    7.
    Dori""sia
    Dori""si& ep. 406,24.
    Doe.itb""
    Do.tb"" aep. Dorieuis 406, 24;
    204; 26.

    E"ni
    " .. s,
    ,

    pot!t&
    po!t& 368, 6.
    Eplc
    ........
    .:........ ,' philoA.
    phk. 286. 18.
    Epimenld
    3:$4.28.
    Epim""ld .... po!t&
    poI!t& 3.54.28.

    E pirotae ~,
    ~I, IA
    ..
    Epirus
    E pirus 363. 32.

    Eryx
    Ery,. C
    G .... d&vi
    davi ...
    ... 349, 19.
    EIl~

    ... ..- 5051


    , 32.
    Ellboieul,
    x ..boicus , Euboici
    EIIboci 548, 33. 550.2;
    MO. 2; 22.
    MI.
    . 15.
    !$
    Eubul
    ..s 381,
    381. 23 .
    Euclides,
    Euclid
    ... , mathem. 310,2.
    Eugeniul
    X.. geniuI lV
    I V pont. ID&><'
    ID&><. ~,
    ~,35
    35 . 408,
    408,23
    23 .
    .0150.12. 4!SI
    4l!1I , 15.589.6.540,
    15. 589.6.540, $ . 593,
    5\13, ."...
    Eunomi
    no",; ... 452. 19. 593,4.
    EIiNpa 362.24;27.
    Ellt'Opa
    362,24;2'1. 363.31.
    363.31 . 364.
    364, 14. 3M,
    3,
    3!.
    31 . 368.16.
    368. 16. 382. 14.389,.43.
    14. 389,.43.
    Elloehla,
    Elleb!a, imperatrix 283
    283,, 17.
    Elleebiu.,
    Euebiu., seript.
    s:p . ec:cl. 326. 31 . 346, I .
    Fabii
    Yb 473, tI
    ..
    Fabi
    ...
    Mn;m
    ..s 390. 18.
    Pb
    Ma:cimul
    Fa1I$corum c;olonla,
    Fall$corum
    ;olonla, ClviU
    CIviU CUtella
    Ctella .... !W1.14
    !Wl' ,14
    Fanen';.
    Fan...,i. abbata
    abbau. .. Patriniani
    Patrniani .510,
    510, 19.
    F
    F8J1n";"
    ...,...aU! oppngnatlo
    oppognatl o 409, 27.

    F ...."m
    um .521.
    521,33.
    33.

    Federk
    FederC ...
    ... In
    , imperator 367, 32.
    FerdlnandDI, ."" Siciliae 510,
    5 10, 15.
    1.5.
    FerdJna"dD$,

    F".-nuia 4f11.
    4(11. 23. 493,4.
    493, 4. 494.
    494.3.
    3. M9.25.
    9. 25.
    Fcrnui_ sludium
    IUdium 267. 11 .
    Fichet:i
    Fichet:! Guillel.", ... .5.54,
    4, 2; 21
    21.. 5M,
    56. 14.
    4. M7.
    7.
    6; 23. !i.'i8.
    !.'!8. 21; 32.
    32. .559.2ti
    -"9. 26. .561.
    ~I, 7; 28.
    Firm
    Fir:anus
    .... us ep. 408, ~
    ~..
    F1accb
    FTaccbij

    ~I ,

    2.

    F1aocus, Fulviu$ 383.7.


    F1aocus.
    FlI.miniut.
    F1.nin. Titus
    ~I 8 262. 12
    12;; ~.
    I~.
    Floralti&
    F1orti& 407. 28
    28;35.
    ; 3!1. 507.27
    !\ . . .539,25.
    .539.2!S.

    545. 10. 602. 12.


    Floreoti
    F1oreoti .... sy
    y.. od
    odw
    ...

    ~93, 12.
    F ......
    .....ci .503, 31
    31.. .560,
    60, 10.
    Frand.
    Franci. ~18.~ ; 25.
    FrancivWl. v
    . Bo,rb&.nos,
    B.rba.ns , l'hile1phus.
    PhiI~lph"8.
    Franci"",..
    de ToUeto 498.26. 500.9; 14;
    35.
    3!1. !102,25.
    !102,2!S.

    FraDOO"lordieJlSis
    Frarlordiesis con.ventus
    co.ventus 3M.
    3. 2; 7 . 381 .,

    G&l....ti
    ti".
    ... M&ri&
    & Sforcia. dominus
    d omin". Mlio..
    I&Di
    & ~. 34; 39.

    G&lli 373.42.
    373. 42. 374,
    314, 14. 553, 19. 561, 15.
    GalIia
    G&Ui& 371. 24. 394. 32. ~.~.
    ~,~. 391
    391,23.
    , 23 ,
    !\65,
    565, 12.
    Gallie ... 566, 8.
    G&llicu.
    G.a"" (Gaza),
    (G&za) . Theodoru . cl.
    . C.II
    ... 340. 6 .
    C'II""
    341,24.342,7.
    341,24.342,
    7. 354.44.373.20;
    354.44. 373. 20 ; 24 ; 25.
    2!S .
    597.
    59'1. 4. 000. 3.
    Gemistul.
    Genistul. Georgi
    Georgos302.
    .. s302. 39. 340, 16.406.34..
    16.406.34S. G-oorgii
    Goorgii malori.
    ';,. mon.
    n o. prope Veneti&,
    Venetia,
    .530.34.
    .530,34.
    Goorgi
    Gc!o1"gi ..
    ...s., rex
    Bohemla.e
    Bohenla.e 449.
    449, 9 ; 28.
    Georgi ..
    Geo,gi
    ...1 T
    Trapo."ng
    ....po.ountl ...
    .. l ., Cretensis
    Crete.nsi& 337.30.

    345.4.
    ~.4. 354. 11;30.360,35.362.32.
    11 ; 30. 360, 35.362.32 . 364,
    34.
    21.
    21 . 365,23;
    365. 23; 33. 369,
    369. I~.
    1~. ~I
    ~1 . 32. !iM,
    4. 6 ;
    11;17.
    11; 17. 55,24.
    ~. 24. M7,
    7, 8. ~.4.
    ~,4. 5$,7.
    559.7.
    593.1
    593, I.. ~, 3; 13 ; 23. 600. 1; 6;
    6 ; 12.
    GermaDi 374,14.
    314, 14. 390.
    390, 25. 409.19; 24.
    ~, 19.
    ~.
    GermaDioL382
    Getm/I;nl.a.382 .. I~.
    I~.384,
    384, 11~
    ~.J85.
    . 385. 12 ; 29 ;, 31 .
    386.17. 387.'0. 388. 11 . 390. 8;43.
    391. 37. 394.36.395.
    391.37.
    394, 36. 395, 2. 399. 17. 401 . 28.
    402.
    402,8.
    8. 403.
    403,3.
    3 . ~17.
    ~17.34
    34 .
    Germ.n!e
    .. a 383.
    383, 17. 391 , 4.
    Germ.n!CU8
    4.
    Gerui1d ..... Qn.ti"$.
    On.UUI. m ..... ki.....,
    prallCeptor
    Geru!1d
    i.;;i....., pra""eptor
    267.17.
    Gr&cchuI
    Gr&cch .. I,. Titus
    ... 383. 11.
    .
    ~i253,35.253,
    ~253.35.
    253. 13:30.255,32.256,4,
    13 : 30.255.32.256,4;
    Z1.
    1. 257, 30. 258,12. 262, 1;
    1 , 2; 13 ;37.
    ; 37.
    270, 10; I~. m
    2'10,
    272.. 24,
    24. m,20.
    m.20. Z78.31.
    78.31 .
    280,12. 282.28. 284.25. 286.25.
    280.12.
    286,25. 287.
    287,10.
    10.
    295,24.302,
    295.
    24.302, 29.303. 2.~.
    2.~, 13. 310.23.
    310,23.
    314. 17. 318, 11.
    314,
    . 319.22;
    319,22; 28. 320, 10. 323,
    323.
    351.34.
    34. 405.11 .
    35. 324.23.
    324. 23. 340. 39. 351.
    47, 7: 19. 450,
    4!lO, 18. -02, I~. 540,
    406, 23. 4U7,
    14:
    14 : Z1
    1 .. 542. 18 ; 34. MI.
    . 22. Mil,
    Ml. 14. !S62.
    !S62,
    39. !IM,
    ~. 14. ~. 21.
    21 .
    Gf"UCia
    Grae:i& 284.24. 2&,21.
    28 . 21. 311,3. 321
    321,. 1 ; 3.
    358. 26 ; 37; 40. 358.26;
    358,26
    358,26; 37 ; 40. 370.3
    370,3 ;
    4 ; 12; 17. 406, 11
    4;
    ; 29.
    29 . 408, 8 ; 12. 475.
    475, 26.
    476, 29. 477, 6 . 491
    491,, II.~
    .~ 42:. 2 ; 40. !IM,
    ~. 16.
    G-....u 256.38.
    G....u
    256. 38.
    G"'$oriUI
    G"'$o ..1 (Hcimb"rg)
    (Hcimb .. rg) .503, 11.
    GTegori
    Gregou.
    ... Mapus
    M&p.. s ~I ., 37.
    G"'$oriu.
    N ........ z""'u.
    273,10. 337.
    337 , I.
    G"'$o ...

    ""'
    273.10.
    .
    345,28:
    ~,28:M.
    35. ~1.26.
    ~1. 26.
    Gregori".
    Grego ... N)'$$C.
    N)'$$COtlu. 34!S.29.
    34!\,29.
    G.alteru. r
    ... t; ..;, n ... :165, 19.
    Gualterius
    r".tinienu.
    Guarinul
    oro .. ~ lj. 256, 22. 354. 44.
    Guarin"l V
    Veron~li.

    ...

    Guillelm
    GuillelmUI,
    .. l , v.
    . s..udJn
    BA"lli"
    ...
    , FIcheti.
    FIchet1.
    GuIlieJ..m
    Gul1ielWl,
    .... , -m&gi8te:r.
    Dl&giAte:r. poenite.ncl&riul
    poen!.tencl&ri,,1 !l67,
    !!7,

    8. !S62,2.
    Guj!Je1mut,
    G .. jIlelmul, OTator
    '&to regis
    regia FraDci.FraDci
    Gu-.IWI
    ep.
    51)0,
    I.
    Gu-.... . 500. .
    u

    1.387,
    . 387, 4. 393.8.
    393,8. 399.I~.
    399,I~.
    Fraocoforti&
    F~ 382.38. 504.~.
    504,~.
    FuJviu. F1&cc,..
    F"lvi".
    F1.<:c,.. 383. 7.

    Hawba1
    Hannibal 291,29
    291.29 : 33. 390, 19.
    Harpyiae
    Harpyi 374,
    374,41
    41 .
    Hecataeul., hlstoricUI
    Hecataeul
    h.l.to<; ... 406, 16.

    G&brie1,
    G&briel, vic:&riu. A".tr
    Au.tr.... !!06,
    ~. 31
    31..
    G&ggi ..
    .....
    ".,. Rober1: Gaguin
    Gagun 559,28;
    559. 28; 32.
    G&i&ti
    G&i&t 4/11
    4111 , 3.
    GWtu.
    GW:u. 363.31.
    363. 3 1.

    Heleu&.
    Hel
    ..... , Homerica
    Honerica 361.22.
    361,22.
    Helias, pen. bibI. 388,
    388. I.
    .
    Heli&s.
    He11espontus
    H~Uespontu. 551,35.
    55. 35.
    Jlen:
    nen:uleo
    .. leo,. joban...... tnedK:i
    Dedk:i ......
    1R1,
    2, 16.

    556.~.

    pn.<>Copt.o1"
    pn.ecopto'


    NOMINA LATI
    LTI N.
    NA.

    H=";"a,
    H=uiua, Ci<:eron.
    Ciceron. 338,27; 34.
    Kum<>g<:nes.
    Kunog<:nes. rhetor 561. 14.

    Kesio<!lIs.
    Kesio<!u po6ta 258.22.
    Hieremla.e.
    Hieremla. proph. 387. 21 .
    H.ieronymus.
    H.ieronym" . script.
    script ...
    eo:l'
    cd . 326.27.
    326. 27 . 331.4.
    331 . 4.
    351
    3 5 1,, 39.
    Ki!ariUl,
    Kilu, script.
    scripl. .,.,.,1.
    e<:cl. 451, 36.
    Kispaui 374, 14.
    Kispa";
    Hi$'n1.
    ,J. 371, 24. 394, 31. 395. 5. !S63.
    563. 4.
    Homcric"a 2:\6, 8 . :195. 12.
    Homcricua
    Knmerus,
    KlDOUS, pota
    potta 2tl7,2. 212.9.
    212. 9. 355.24.
    649. 14.
    H orat'u po6ta ~,35.
    Horati"a.
    ~, 35. 288,
    288,21.
    21.
    H ydra, mytho1.
    Hydra,
    mythoI. 374. 41
    4 l..
    Hyperborei ~. 16.

    laoohlt&e
    lacobit&e 451.7.
    l aoobus.
    lacobu
    . v.
    . Ammanati.
    Ammana ti.
    llacoba
    acobus apostoilI.
    "". 378. 11 . 380, ] 1.
    .
    l acobl1&
    acobll& Cremoueasi.
    C:remoueaS. 329. 11 .
    la:bus.
    <=. Maguntine
    ....... 386, 27.
    lacobus. "'P.
    MagIIntin .........
    27 .
    Iacobn.
    d" MaT"Ch.i",
    MaT"Ch.i .. 490. 11 ; ]8.
    Iaoobn. de
    l"""b
    aoobus Pad
    .... 568. ]9.
    Par..o
    Iacobua
    Iacobs Sceba
    Scoba ~. 19.
    II",mbLchns
    .. mbLichUI 544. 16.
    Iberi
    I beri 451.3.
    Ieracensb
    I eracensb "'P.
    <=. 510,8.
    lIe".
    esus Christu.
    Chrtn. 336. 14
    14;; 16. 363, I;; 42. 367.
    ]5 : 17. 373.5.378.26.388.17. 497.
    ]5;
    491. 13;
    28 ; 29. 498,9.
    yri 476,31.
    lUyria
    IIIyricum 491 , 24 .
    IIlyricnm
    lUyr
    IUyrii (lUyrici)
    (ILlyrici) 363, 34. 364, 10; 16. 451 , 2.
    MI.
    . 14 :; 22.
    Illdi
    . 270,
    2'1"0, 29.

    ID.ubres
    III"Me 553.9.
    lob.n
    ...... v.
    Auri.pa, H
    lohnncs.
    . Argyr-opul
    rgyopu! .... A,,"'pa,
    er_
    ._
    clll....
    c"I
    A]exaDdriDU, eommentator407.1
    comment&tor4lY7.1
    lIoha:>o
    ohaDn ... A]exaDdriDUI,
    IohaDn ... ADtioc:bensis
    ADtio::hensis......
    . Chryaotnm,,
    ~.
    Cbryaootomu~.
    l ohann .... ..
    poatn]u~ 336. 24;27.
    lohann....
    "'poatnlu~
    24; 2"7. 352.37.
    352. 37.

    m.33.
    m.ll.

    Iohann ... IJapti.t",


    Baptiat .. .560.
    560. 16.
    lohan"
    lohanD ... Co
    CO"3
    ..? 523.30.
    Iou""
    l ou"".... "'P'
    <=. Tteveren.
    Tteeren. 386.29.
    la.epbus
    Iosephus F1",viu.
    F1 .. vill. 270.23.
    sacl,
    bach, loh.
    lob. ArgyrQpuli
    rgnuli filiu.
    filiu.!S63.
    563. 37. 564. 6 .
    1aa1a$.
    ..a.. propb.
    propb . 380. 11.
    11 .
    Israel -400.
    I5rad
    400. 17.
    ltali
    Itali ;254,
    254, 17. 364.9. 374. 14. 553.
    553.22.
    22.
    ltali
    HaI,,,,.. 254, 23. 265. 2: 3; 28. 267.
    6'1. 9. 286, 22.
    333,2
    333,2;3.354,21.362,21.363.16.370,5:
    :3.354,21. 362,21. 363. 16. 370, 5:
    17 ; 32. 371 , 23. 373, 16
    16.. 390. 12. 407 , 19.
    476.38. 50"1,22;
    507,22: 2tI. 1108.12. 517,23.
    51 7,23.
    518, 1;
    1 : 5;
    5 ; 28;
    28: 35. 520.32. 528, 13_ 539.
    26. 542,20.1548.31.
    542,20.548.31. 54{1,
    9, 10
    10.551,
    . .5:\1, 1;: 4;
    4: 9.
    556.20. MB,
    , 13. 570, 14. 596. 11.
    11 .
    lta1icus
    l ta1icus 2M.
    2. 31.
    31 . 476.22.
    Iudaei 270.
    210. 22.529.
    22.529.34.530.13
    34.530. 13 : 19. 546. 8.
    547.4.548. 22;
    22 ; 26.
    Iuliallua.
    !liaIO imperator
    impera.or 283, 15. 594. 8.
    luliaDUI Ca_riDU
    Caesarinu
    tit.
    Ul . .
    s. Aqeli
    n:o!; ...
    .,.rd.
    rd.
    di&c.
    di&:. 408. 1.
    .
    1101
    lul .... Vergiliannl
    Vergilis.nUI 333. 4.
    kJf o h
    hIl ....
    . ... I:
    :...-nal
    ...IU"'"

    -..IotI.
    -..Iot.

    IlJ.
    IU.

    '25

    uppiter 265. I;
    ; 5; 7.
    lupp'ter
    I "stni.n,,~.
    "stinian,,~. v.
    . Gualteri"
    Gllalteri" .
    T"stin;anu~. impera.tor
    r"stin;an,,~.
    imperator 363, 11 .

    Lawne5
    Lawne 40:5.
    4CI!i. 14.
    LadiAlaus. Pannonu...rex 385,3; 42. 381. I.
    .
    387.16.
    387. 16.
    Laeliu 257. 17.
    Lael;""
    Latini258. ]2
    ]2;: 27.262.2.278.
    27 .262.2.218. 19.279.1
    19.279.14.
    4.

    282. 38. 284. 30. 300. 4. 300. 22. 3]


    315,
    5, 15.

    318.1 2. 3 19.21.
    19. 21.

    320.2;7;17;24;30.
    320.2:7:17;24:30.
    323.1;36;37.
    323.1 ; 35:37. 324. 18;21.
    18;21 . 325.32. 333,
    3.3411.29.407.33.405.29.450.18.452.
    3.341\.29. 407.33.405.29. olM. 18. 452.
    6: 14. 454. 16.!i40. 14;28.
    6;
    14;28.!I42,
    1142, 18.
    18. .561.
    56\,
    13. 562.39.593.9;
    562.39. 593.9; 17. 594. 21.
    21 .596.5.
    iS96.5.
    597.4: 10. 602.4.
    597.4;
    Lo.l1rentiu5.
    Lo.l1rentil15.....
    v. Valb
    Va!\a..

    Lebbuborg (.i<)
    Lebbubo.g
    (.i:) 508, 16.
    Lentuli
    Lentul 473.5.
    473. 5 .
    Lentulu>.
    Lent"lu
    C;""ronianns
    Ci""ronianu 295.9. 334.8.
    Len. script. eccl.
    Leo.
    ec:l. 388.
    388.21.
    21. 451.
    451.37.
    37.
    Leona..-du. de
    Leonard.u.
    do S. Mau
    Maura
    ... 509.9.
    Lenn ....d .... hlblinpoia
    Leonanlus.
    bibliopoia 493. 29. 494, I : 4.
    Lennenu.,
    Leone!1u., F ....... riae priDCeps 258. 41.262.
    41. 262.
    9.267.9.

    Lepidu.,
    Lepid lla, M.
    . Aemiliu.
    AemiliuI 383, 6.
    6.
    Libya
    Lbya 333.5_
    Ligu
    Lguns
    ..... 553,8.
    503,8.
    Livius
    .
    Sedua
    ...,,< 383.8.
    Livius. Se"tU& L. SaHn
    $alinato<
    LeIh. pe
    Loth.
    pers.
    ... bibI.
    bibl. 379. Z7.
    '1.
    Lucu!1us 255.26.
    6. 257.21.
    ~7. 21.
    Lucull".
    255. 26. 256.
    256.6.
    Ludovicu
    . Francorum
    Ludovicuo.
    F ranc""" m ..". .566. 2; 30.
    L"do"",,,
    LudoCu M",nt"..,
    M.. ntu.., ",
    n",rclrio
    ..rcl>io 490. 2.
    2.
    Lugdun .. m 1570.
    570. 10.

    Ly<:ia
    Ly:ia 363.30.
    LycuTgua 2M,
    2, 10. 268.4.
    268. 4 .
    Macedonia 363.32_ 491.24.
    491.24 .
    Maehabaei
    Macl..bae 336.40. 337.4.
    Magns
    Magna Craccia
    Gracci. 254. 15.
    Mag"
    Mag"nti.
    .. tia $03. 17.
    Maguntinensi.
    (Maguntn",)
    ..) dioc.
    doc. eccl.
    ec:1. 3M.
    38.
    Maguntinensi. (Maguntin
    9.386,27.
    9.386, 27. 337.
    337.17.
    17.
    MaguntiDu, ..
    Maguntinu.
    aep.
    ep. 500.24
    500. 24 . .503, 15. 5()4. 14.
    Mahumetanu.
    3l.7.
    Mah"metanu. 361.25. 3Ii1.7.
    Mahumetu l. oold
    Mahumetul.
    o1danu.
    .. nu. 360. 21. 371.29;34.

    372. 13.
    Malat""tae
    MaLat""ae 5 18. 30; 35.
    Mantu .. 382, 39.399.13.409.
    Mantu",
    39. 399.13 . .409. 18;
    18: 19, 490.
    2.494.6 . .503.19.
    .503.19.5"1,'1.
    507,Z7.
    M.. ntuanus ""nventu.
    MantuanU$
    cnvent"s 385,
    3&5, 21. 386. 3. 387.
    8; 11.
    . 389.29;
    389.29: 41 . 496.5
    496.5..
    M...-cl>ia Anconitana
    M.,n:hia
    Ancontana 492. 15. 525.5.
    M",n:hi&,
    M..n;hi&, v.
    . llacobua
    aoobn. de M.
    .
    S. Marci -cl.
    oc:cl. Venetiarnm
    Venetiarum 520,30. 543,2.
    543 ,2.
    S. Marei
    Mar:; plalea
    platea 522,20.
    Mariu
    o. Ga.. 313,6.
    MarsiUnl
    MarsUu. Ficinn.
    Fcinua 543. 17
    17;: 30. 544,5.
    Martinlls, Britanuus
    Martinus,
    Brita.... u. 352.7.
    M..rtb,u Perusia.
    Mat<b"c.
    Pensia 2&S.39.
    S. Man",
    Maura 509. 10. 524. 2.
    MauricenuI,
    M..uricenua, ....
    v. Pau
    PA" lu .
    Mauritiu imperator Z73.
    73. I.
    .
    Manrua
    o.
    Mau." .....
    . Chriotopb<mJ
    Chri.topbu .
    Medi 270
    70,29.
    ,29.

    ea;".

    I
    NOMINA

    626

    Mediolani
    Mediolan du"
    d .." lSOO.29.
    .29. 504. 26; 35. !i63.
    !iM.
    3!\ ; 40.
    3!\;
    Mediol&
    Medo1& ....... !S99.
    ~. 17. 600, 16.
    Med .... 374,41 .
    ....,lls
    255, 11
    . 316.36.
    "'....,
    .. ritlS 2M,
    Mj~.1
    M
    j~.

    Nua
    Nuci ...
    ...., ",edi.ci
    nedi.ci ... e prof....,r Fer_

    r&ne ..... 26.'I. I.


    . 266, ~.
    I~. 267,
    267. 8;24.268,6
    8;24.268.6
    ha
    Michael.
    Mic e1. familil.ris
    fa.ili.S "p.
    ". eooat8.l!.tienai
    Coat8..tei ..
    Miletii
    lIiIeti 406. 13Milet ... 406. 13Hilo.
    i!o. Cicen>nia.Dlla
    Ocenmia.Dlla 296. 4;
    4 ; 5.
    M.iD~ 2'79.10
    MII~
    279. 10,,
    M..ithrida_
    M.thlid&te ~7, 28.

    Mityle:nel
    MtyIe:el MI,
    , 13.
    M<
    Hja
    363.32 ""
    M",,_hnil!O9, 10.
    ",,_>';- !!09,

    Moy_
    J{oy_ 336,
    336. 32. 373, 10.
    M
    .... 256. 39.
    , 13.
    Mya!a MI.
    Myt
    MytIi MI.
    . '22.

    386. 3. MI,
    , 22.
    Pannonia 382,14. 385,3;43.
    Pannoma
    385, 3 ; 43. 386, 25.
    476, 31.
    31 . MI
    ,, 14Pa.J>orm
    Pa>orm .... 265,
    26.5, 21;
    21 ; 26.
    Papblsfl:onia
    PaphlafI:onia 363,30.
    Papiensis
    Papiens.i. ep.
    ep . .:ani.
    card. 505.8; 19. &16.
    . 3.508.
    34. 522. 12. 524. 12.
    Panontiuus
    PuenI:.\l" ep.
    . lS67,
    7, 20. 569,8.
    56(,8.
    Pari";enM
    PariSeoe gymnasium
    gymnu\llD 3!S2. 8.
    Padeo.
    ....eo. v
    .. lacobu
    lacob .....
    .
    Patavium
    Pataillm 267.2.
    S. Patrini&ni
    Patriniani FailenslI
    FallaWl abt...tl.
    abt...tia "0,
    ", 111.
    Paulul
    Pa\ll\ll apooto!.
    apoto1 ...
    354,
    3:\4, as.
    ZS.
    Pani
    ,. .. I...
    ... I1,
    H , onI.
    pont. IDU
    m.. 365, 26. 40\1,
    4011, 34.
    Paul
    PaU1\18
    .. s Mauri<>eD
    MauJi::.eu.
    ... 517.34.
    517. 34.

    Pdoponnen....
    PeI.<>ponne.....
    Pdoponnesi-d
    Pdopo",,"';ej 340.25.
    523,4.
    PdoponneaillS
    Pdopo""eill. pnceps
    princeps 407. 15.
    PeI.oponnesul
    Peloponnes
    ... 340,
    340. U5.
    5. 393, 12. 406,35.
    519,4.
    519, 4.
    Peripatetici '291,25.
    291 , 25. 311,11.323,37;41.
    311,11. 323, 37;41.

    MS,
    5,30.
    3O.

    Ha
    H
    .....
    ..net
    et...... urbs. N ....h$ 569,3.
    569.3.
    Nucb,,1
    NuciBua Venl.IIDCIII;.,
    Venl.IIDClIlia, theol. 272,3.
    272, 3 .
    N&rd ... Palmeriu.
    Palmeriua 493,6
    493, 6 ; 9;31.
    9 ; 3!.
    Nuo, Ovidiua
    Oidiua 314,24.
    314, 24.
    Ncap<>1ia 272. 18. ~
    ~I , 33. M2,6.
    2,6. 549,2.
    5049, 2.

    550,9.600,20;
    550, 9. 600.20: 34,
    34.

    N_politaaus M2.9.
    N_poltuus
    2.9.

    N-u.tenais
    N-atenais conventu. 387,4.
    387. 4. 393,8.
    393.8.
    ....,
    N...., :s83.9.
    383.9.
    361 , 36.

    eard.
    :ard . .tQ5,I;I7.
    <405,1 ; 17. 406,1;4;7.
    406, 1 ;4;7.
    >101.15 ; 21 ; 36. 408.6;24; 28. -409,8;
    >101.15;21;36.

    Nluellll.
    Nlue .."a

    18; 2\;
    21; 33.
    Nicobolua. PlautiauU$
    Nicobolul.
    Pauti&t 358, 31.
    31 .
    NIcob. ... V. PODt.
    pollt. IIILI<.
    111&><. 280.17.
    280, 17. 294,3.
    294, 3 .

    326.33.
    373, 18. 454. 19.
    9.
    326. 33. 329.5.
    329. 5. 366.33.
    300. 33. 3'13,
    Ni""' ..... c&rd
    c&'d . Cu .......
    ....... 649,
    649 , 27.
    Nicota. ...
    .. a NuC>
    Nuc>us
    .. s 265, 39; 42 .
    Nco1&WI,
    N;".,. .... v.
    . Pelottus.
    ,5.
    Nll.lve 391,
    l'Ib:l.lve
    391. 19.
    NoriJ:..be"@:o;
    Norin!..bcI:"f!:a 494 , 12 ; 18.
    Nova Civitu,
    CiVtu, Neustadt 382, 38.
    Nuci,
    Fanonr.itanr; 265.37
    Nuc. familla Panortrlitana
    26.5.37
    Nucius,
    NucillS, V.
    . Ncolalll.
    Nicolaul.

    NIIna
    Nu ..... Pompillus
    Pompilllls~,
    ~, 30. 258. 19.
    N .. menius. philo
    N"meniu5,
    philOI.. 353, 30.
    Nurim~ c:on<felltlls
    Nllrim~
    c:on<felltus 392, 13.

    Pau
    Pa:.none,
    nones. Pannonii
    Pa:on 364,
    3601, 10. 382,15;
    382, 15 ; 33.

    539,4
    539,4.. !S4O.34.
    .540.34. 546. 18.

    MoDII Sin.jm.
    MODII
    5'n_im. mo<J..Uterium
    mor..uterium 1:109.2
    !!109. 2 ; '24.
    24.
    Mo
    .... 491,2; 35.
    3!1.
    Woyaaicu.
    lIoyaCUB 336. 35
    ;; 38.

    NetM
    NeotOT

    LATINA
    LTlN .

    393,8.

    OctaviUI
    Octailll Alll".t
    Augu.t .... 374. 24.
    Octavius
    Octaills (Olt.mnn
    (Ottaiano Ubaldlni)
    Uba1dln) 649.2!i.
    649. 25 .
    0
    1 _ " ; . ep
    _
    .. .500, 34.
    Omnibonul
    Omnibon:.. Leoaic
    LeoC .....i.
    . 5'n. 14; 32.
    QQ.tiul
    8.:. Gerundul,
    Ger:.nd:.l, m
    medciDU
    ..,bcinae ~

    267,17.
    Palatinua
    Palatin
    ... potik<
    po1ItikI< 360,26.
    360, 26.
    Pa\atin"" com .500. 24; Z1
    P&lI.tinUfl
    1 ..

    Palinurus 405, 22.


    Palinuru.

    PabnMiut,
    Pabneiut, v.
    . N ....du .
    PamphiJUI,
    J'>anpMII, Tereo.tza,,,,s
    Terentia .. ns 293. 9. M,
    , 6.
    Pamphyli 451. 3.
    3.

    Fe.ott
    Nicol$us 556. 30. 594,23; 30.
    ' ..... Nco1all.

    Pel3ae
    Pesae 259.22. 270,28.
    Persarum
    PersanM TeX
    r ex 381.21
    381. 21 .

    Peru
    Peruia,
    .... , v.
    . Mattb'ea.
    P
    Pen.ii,
    ......lii. famili.
    fami1j. Pail.....mta_
    Pallormitana 265,-:rI.
    265, ':n.
    Pet"'lI
    Potlll apoe;tolus
    Apo;toII" 334,36. 335,9. 336,20;

    26. 396.33.
    Petru.
    Petn d" MOlIte.
    . ep.
    . Brixieusil
    Bxies 330. 22.
    Phaodrus.
    Phaodr:.., Plat.o<ili:
    Platoc ... 544,7.
    Phalericu.. portuI
    partus 292,35.
    Phidi.&s, opifex 386,42.
    Ph.idi.&s,
    PhileJphUfl,
    Phi1eJph"", F .... nC;'I(:II'
    nci-<: ..' 362, 211. 598, 20; 25
    25..
    .MI9,
    99, 18;26.
    Philippicum be1J"m
    belh.m 326, 14.
    Philippicllm
    Philo, plIo.
    philO$. 3M,
    354,26;
    26; 34.
    Photi ... . pat.
    patr. 493,29
    493,29..
    Phrygla 363.30.
    Phy10tas 297.25.
    Phylotas
    Pic:ens
    Pc:en. 523,4.
    523.4.
    Pi .... II.
    . ont.
    pont. mu:.
    nax. 378,20. 397.26. 40\1,
    4011,
    16; 26;
    26 ; 29. 499,
    4\19, 15. 501,8.
    501 , 8. 516,2. 519,
    24. 525, 18. 526,18.
    Plato 256, 1 ; 2. 257.
    257, 1.
    I. 258,12.
    258, 12. 266,8.
    266 , 8.
    268,3.277,4.
    268, 3. 277, 4. 340.22.345,
    340.22. 34t\,30.
    30. 346.4.
    346.4:
    11:17 ; 22:25
    22:211 ; 33. 347.23
    347. 23::29
    29;;36.351.
    3li. 351.
    10:30;35;39:41.352.12;20;29.353.
    10; 30;35; 39:41. 352.12;20; 29. 353.
    6:3: 16;-:rI
    I6;':n;42.
    ; 42. 3M,
    354,26;36.
    26;36. 355. Z1.
    1.
    356,32;33
    356.32;33;; 39:40. 357,4;17;40.
    357,4 ; 17 ; 40. 358,I
    358,1 ~
    17; 25
    211;; 37: 39. 360. 17;
    17 ; 20. 361 . 24. 362,
    20. 370,
    370. 1 :: 10. 371,8. 374,25. 406 , 17 ;
    35.
    35.543,111.544,1:
    543,111.544,1 : 10 : 20: 25 ; Z1
    1 .. M5,
    5, 2.
    554,15 : 18:'20. 555,
    554,15:
    M5, 2:
    2 : 7:
    7 : 15: 17. 556.8.
    562.36.
    562,36. 5\14, 26:31.
    26:31 . 59!S. 41.
    41 . 596. 31
    31.597.
    . 597.
    2:
    2 : 19
    19. .MI9,
    99, 1
    :: 5:
    5 : 13: 24. 600,23;
    600, 23; 25. 601.
    5. 602,5. &48, 16.
    Platomutrus
    PI.ton. tn. 600.28.
    Platonicl1.,
    Pt.toic.., Platonici 353,30. 370. 10; 13 ;
    35.3'11,2:
    3/5. :171 . 2: 15
    15.. .543.20;
    543,20; 30. Mt.
    4. 10. 554,
    7.558, 25.595,30.601,13.
    25. 595,30. 601 , 13.
    Pla
    PI.Iu
    .. t ... 316, 36. 3M,8.
    35,8. 358,31
    358,31..

    NOMtNA
    LATINA .

    PlotiDus
    PIotz" 346. 17. 544,16.
    544, 16 .
    379, 41. 542,9.

    11.
    11 .
    326. 17. 354, 44.

    ".

    17. 544,1 6 .

    QuiDtili&D"s
    Quitli&Dus
    280, I.
    .
    !S61.14.
    lS61.14.
    Qui.D.tus
    Qui.tus
    Curtius 297,26. 318, 2.
    2.

    Raguaini
    Ragu.aini !U9,
    5 19, 7.
    Ratispona 495, 27 ,
    Ratiop<lllenaU!
    RatiopoeaiJ conventna
    conventDS 387, 4. 393, 8.
    Ravenna 571,7; 31.
    3 1.
    Rhodienaes
    Rho<I.iens 523, 16; 24.
    ep. Conatantiens.i.
    Conatantiem.ia (Coutanc ... )

    ,14;22;25.

    ,529,20.
    529,20. 539, 12.

    559; 28 ; 32.
    Sabat
    Sabatii 562,30.
    Sabi
    Sabinuo
    .. u.o 258, 19.
    Sabln
    .. s ep
    Sabl
    .."s
    ~.. .0106,8.
    406,8.
    s-tinator,
    g..l",tor, Sext
    Sext"s
    .. s Livius 383, 9.
    9.
    Sall
    Sallutlus
    .. ltlus 339, 26. 384, 19.
    SalomDn,
    Salou:nn, ....,. 381, 37.
    Sa!ubuq
    501}, 2.
    Salubuq....... aep. 500.2.
    Samunum,
    Sam"um, Saum"r
    Sa"UIur 56'7,
    567, 25.569,12.
    2:1.569,12.
    Sumatae
    Sarnatae 4111,2.
    4151 , 2.
    Sa"...,
    Sau...,....tae 375,
    37:1, 16.
    Scudabeus.
    Scudabeus, Skanderbeg
    5kanderbeg .523,
    523, 26.
    Soeba.
    Soeb&, v
    .. lacobuI.
    lacobu l.

    Sciplo 257 , 17.


    Scipio
    17 .
    Scotu.
    Sc.u 319,23. 349, 6; 13. 3:;0,33
    3.50, 33 ;35.
    ; 35.
    Scylla
    Scy11a 374
    374.. 39.
    Scythae '2.58.
    258. 28.
    28 .
    Scythla
    Scyt.h.Ja 374,25.
    374 , 25.
    Senen
    .... clvitu
    Se
    .. enis
    cIvitu 564, 11 : 29.
    Senti 364, 10;
    10 ; 1:1
    1.5..
    S.
    5. SeverinI
    Severinl 1I\0n.
    mon . ea<>tanum
    Neap<>Utanum 549.2.

    !S5O,
    :;:;, 10.
    Sextus J.jvlus
    Sextu.
    ! Sallnator
    Sa.linator 383,
    383. 8.
    Sforeia.
    5forcia, v.
    . G&leati"
    G&I_t" .
    a.
    Si.,.."I_
    5 .,.."_ 333,6.
    333.6.
    Sicilia 265, 1 :; 28. 374,39. 491
    49 1,. 23. ~. 6.
    6.
    Sicu
    5CuLl 265. 42 .
    Sidonli
    5idon.li. 339, 27.
    27 .
    SigWnDndu.o Auotri&e !503.
    Sigismnndu.o
    :103,31
    31;; 34.
    Sigisntuadus
    Sigisnudo de Malatestia!S"lO.
    M-I-i5O. 20. 521
    521.. 23 .
    Sinope
    5nop 406.
    406, 12.
    12,
    Sinopen'"",
    snopen'"", 406. 12
    12 .551.
    .551, 13.
    5ipontnnl ep.
    ". 560.
    ~, 19.
    Siponti"uI
    Sixtus IV
    pont . max. 406. 2. 569,
    569. 14.
    14.
    :170.
    .570. 12.
    5ocrat_
    50cratea 406. 17.
    Sodomiticul
    Sod"",itcua 372,2.
    372, 2 . 451.
    451.26
    26 .
    501 355,8.
    35:1,8.
    Solon 258, 10. 268,3.
    268.3.
    5orbona.e
    5orbon.a.e coilegium
    coI.Jegiun Parisii.5.54.
    P",risi:l54, 22
    22,. .5.56.33.
    !!S6. 33.
    :157.
    557. 23. 558,33.
    Sparti&ta.e
    5part&t&! 374,22.
    374.22.
    Speu.;ppu"
    5pe8pp', plillo.
    plillOll. 292, 12.
    Spbi",. 367,23. 374,40.
    Sphi"x
    St...ichoru po6ta 847 , 6 .
    Suevia
    S lIevia 002,:1.
    002,.5 .
    Syli.mbriensiA
    Syli.mbriensA aep. 406.28:
    406,28; 34.
    Sylla
    5ylla 334, 1.5.
    1:1.
    Syllanul 334, 14.
    SyllaDul
    Syon
    5yon 400.
    400, 17.
    Sypc>nUnUI
    5ypc>nUnu. a.ep. 527. 24.
    Taeitus,
    Tacttus, Corneliul
    Corneliuo 471. 27. 472,
    472. 13
    13;: 18.473.
    26 . 474,2;:1;
    19; 26;
    20; 26.
    474.2: 5: 19:
    26: 29.
    Ter .... tius 291,26. 293,3. 296,41.
    296,41 .
    Teucer, Vergilianus 333, 4.
    Thal
    Tha1..., Milesiuo
    MiI .... u.o 289, 18.
    18 . 406, 16.
    Thebae 274
    274,, 40.
    Themirtocl.... 259,22:
    2:19,22; 32:
    32 : 34. 383, 11
    .
    TheodOriCIl"
    TheodOriCIIO, ep.
    ". MagunIineDm
    M&guDline" .... 386,
    386. 27.
    Theodorus, v.. Ga .....
    Theodoms.
    .,..
    Theodos,no,
    Theod08'D' , imperator
    npeno. 363. 13.
    Th_, mathem.
    mathe m. 3M.
    36. 37. 368. 37.
    Theuton... 391.34.
    391. 34.
    Theutonica<um
    Theutonic<um ordo 391.33.
    391,33.
    Th"",..
    ... Aqlli"
    Aqui"..
    ... 319. 24:
    24; 37. 322. 25.
    2!S. 337.
    2.341,27;38.
    347,
    14
    .
    348,3.
    55.5.9.
    2 . 341,27;38. 347.14. 348.3.
    Thom.. P",taeologu
    Pataeologu . 49
    4911,, 35.
    Thom.. de Suuns
    Sarana 452
    ~2,, 26.
    Thracia
    Thracia. 363, 32. 367, 13.
    Titus
    ! Flaminilll
    Flaminius 262, 12
    12:: 15.
    1:1.
    Titu.
    T itu. Graocbus
    GracocbUI 383, 11.
    Tolletum. v.
    . Franciocus
    Fra.nciocus de
    Torqllati
    Torq
    .. at 289, 29.
    Trape&uutii
    Trape&uuti :151,
    551, 12.
    12 .
    TrapeltUutnlll imperator 407,
    407. 10.
    \.
    TrapeltUutinlll
    Trape'IIUtJD8, v.
    Trape"IIUtJ"S,
    . Georgius
    Georgiu9 Tr.

    ".

    628

    NOM INA

    Trapuun
    Tra.p~%un lana.
    la.n"

    ur bs

    364,16.

    385. 9. 386,28. 387,17.


    352, L
    . 354.
    12. 372. 25.
    18. 389, 42.
    . 22. 403, 34,
    517, 11;
    \1;
    . 521,9 ;
    . 26. 526,

    ,6.359, 17.
    ,6.359.

    ; 42. 363.8.

    , 24 ; 34. 366,
    39.

    Uly><es 551.29.
    Ungar;
    Ungari 364. 10. 3&), 4. 390. 4. 394. V . 517.
    30. 519,7.

    Ungaria
    a 388. zr.
    1 . 389, 11
    ; 24. 390, 12. 391 ,
    35.393,1
    3!i. 393,177;; 24. 395,2. 494. 15,
    15 . .500,
    500, 19.

    LATlNA.
    V algiu~ 334. 17.
    ]7.
    Valla.
    ll. Lo.urentius
    ....urent1.

    354.44. 362, 29. 471


    471..2.
    2.

    Vatini us 409. 5.

    Velden2,
    VeldelU. comes de 500. 27.
    Veneti
    Venet 409, 1
    Z1 ;; 29. 476. 15. 509, 18. 526.
    13 ; 40. 541 ., 10. 549. 23; 30. MI,
    , 35; 39:
    42. 552,6. 553. 9. 560,29.
    33.!>, 32. 5\9, 19. 520.
    Ven&iae 409, 25: 33.!>07,
    7. 524,7. 525, 12. 528,16. 529. 8. roll
    roo ..
    34. 542, 35.
    Vergilianu. 318. 31.

    Vergili us

    ~, 7.

    318, I.
    . 338. 13.
    ]3. 3.19.6 .

    405, 22.
    Vernati" 493. 29.
    Veronensis ep. 526, 32.
    Vctous !<'eltren
    17,
    Victorillus
    Felt ren s.ls
    s.is 256. 17.
    Vienna, Wie:ona. 495, 11: 12. 498.12. 499,
    8.500.32. 5{}2,7. 506,26.
    506,26.507,
    8.500.32.502,7.
    5, 21 ..
    Viennellsis ~Qllvent",s 386, 8. 393, 8. 399,31.
    Virtebereb,
    Virtebeb, ~Qmes de 500, 27.
    2'1.
    ViterbiensJa
    b&lnea. 510, 3\. 543, 14.
    Viterbiensla b&lnea
    7.
    Viterbi.. m 5 15, zr.
    V.. kan ..s 355,8.

    Urbinus comes
    Urb;nus
    560.30.

    Wormatia 503, 17.


    WQnaciell$is dim 494, 12.
    WQnnaciell$is
    Wormatiensis
    Wormatensis decanU5
    dcanU5 !S03, 16,
    16.

    Valens, imperator
    eraIo 594.8.
    Valerius
    v
    .. Ierius Max'mu
    Ma.ximuss 379, 39.

    Xenocra.tes,
    e"octes, pbilQs. 292, 12.
    XenophQn
    XenopbQn 257, 15.

    509.4.

    NAMENREGISTER
    zu den deutschen Anmerkungen.
    Adriallope!
    Adria1l~ 478.
    Ainos 4'78.
    Albi,
    Alb, Bi$ch.
    Bi$ch, vOn
    " 557.
    Alu&1Idre
    Alex&1ld..., C. 275. 468.
    AI..,.ios
    .... 580.
    580. .582.
    582. 583.
    AlfoQs, KiInig
    Knig von Nea.pel
    Neap.,1 209. 276. 4ro.
    43.
    Allatiul, L. 468.
    Allatius,
    Ami rutza 422.
    Ammanati,
    Anaw., Iacop<>
    laco de' Piccolomini 498.
    501
    51>1.. 507
    . .508.
    .8. 522. 524. 528.
    Ancona
    """" 490. 531 .
    All(:Ona.
    Au:ona. MaJ"k
    Mak .
    A. 524.
    Andrea Connario 275.
    Andreas Pataiologos
    Pataiologo .531.
    Andreas TTapezuntios
    Tapezuntios 275.
    275 , 276. 468. 557.
    AndrOQikOll
    A:dro!likOll Cantoblas
    Qntoblas 561.
    Andn>nikos KaUistos
    Katlistos 151. 170.483.511 .513
    Andn>nikos, Bmd.,..
    Bnde-r des Theod0n>6 Ga~es
    572.
    AntoniO$,
    Antonoll, Vat.,..
    Vate-r des TheodOt"C4
    Theodo-os Ga
    Gazes
    .,. 574.
    ...p<>:rtoLi XII,
    1, Kapitel von
    VOn 449.
    Apsines 484
    484..
    Apsin.,.
    An:imboldi.
    An:imboldi, Biscb. VOn
    " Naaa
    Navana 574.
    A
    r/l:yropulO5,
    os, Joh. 204. 205. 483. 545. 563.
    589. 601.
    Aristmeles
    AStmeles 148. 15 1. 251. 274. 481 . 484.
    003. 5 11. 554.557.
    554. 557. 594.
    59. 599.
    Atha"a~us. BiI<:b.
    Athara~us.
    Bi:I. vOn
    " Getace
    Ger.ce 509.
    AthaQasius.
    Athaoasius. Mi:lnch
    Mnch 582.
    582 . .583.
    583.
    Athen 478.
    Au~burg 496.
    u-burg
    Auri!pa,
    ,&, 10b.
    l ob. 251.
    2 1 . 493.
    arb&ro. s. Fra:acesoco.
    Fa:lcesGO.
    Barbaro.
    Builius.
    4!SO. 593.
    . Kin:heQvat.,..
    Kin:heQate-r 450.
    "8eccade1Li,
    to 600.
    BeccadeU.i, An1onio
    B"83
    '"8? rion,
    , .m.
    ~. I.
    . 70. 88. 9 1. 15 1. 152.
    159. 170. 204.
    2()01. 206. 269. 274-276.
    2'14-276. 343.
    376. 41 5. 4I
    4J ~71
    ~7 1 d.
    d . .
    .
    rlm,.
    ". Abt von
    on S. Severino in
    Ne.ape!
    Neapel

    Ca"tQbI .... Andronikos


    Ca"tobl
    Andronkos 56!.
    561.
    Cap
    ... nica, Niccol/)
    Capl"2nica,
    Niccolb 269.
    Chalkis
    C1a1kis auf
    < EulJOa
    Eb. !l49.
    549.
    Chmell
    e 376.
    Chrysostomus. Joh. 269.
    Cingo1i
    Cjngoli (Mark
    (Ma rk Ancona)
    cw.) 531.
    Colltrario.
    Co>trario. Andrca
    Andrea 275:
    Couta_, Sisch.
    Biscb. v.
    . !557.
    Crist otoro Mora,
    Moro, Doge
    DII" von
    Ve
    Velledig
    .. edig 5 14.

    .".

    DemetriO$ !.askaris
    La>;kam 437 .
    Demetrios
    Dem~O!I PataiologO$
    Palaiologos 425.
    425, 427
    427.,

    Boivin
    Boi

    DemetriOlI Sturopulos
    Demetri""
    Sturop"ls 586. 587.
    Demetrio, Sohn des G. Geli.to
    ~mi"toIJ 468.
    Demetrios,
    Demetrios,
    Denetris. Bruder
    BnIIO def!
    de Th.
    Tb. Gaze.
    Gazeo 572.
    Deut'ilChland
    DeutOlChland .516.
    Diethe r von I.senburg, Eub.
    Diether
    Erzb. vonMain% SO
    501.
    l.
    Dion)'8i05
    Dion)'8iO$ VOll
    .. H
    aJ&l"nasS05
    alikarnasS05 483. 484.
    Erenle, Her,..,g von
    Ercole,
    on Fe-rrara
    F.,..rara 589.
    Eugen I V
    440. 449. 450 . .593.
    Eugecikll8. Johallne..
    Jnturne.. 429. 433.
    433 .
    Euripides 435.
    E"ripides
    Eurotas 439.
    Patnianii !i09.
    !iQ9.
    Fano, Abtei S. Patrinian
    Federig<> di
    Federigo
    d Ur bloo
    blno 648.
    Feniinalld.
    Ferdina
    .. d. Knig
    i: VOn
    Neaol
    Neapel
    Ferl"?:r?
    Fean. 587.
    Fenara_Florenz,
    Feara_Florenz, KOlU
    KOOil "on
    vOn 539.
    Ferrarius
    Fernriu$ 88.
    Fichet, Wilhe]m
    Wilhelm 343, 41 5. 554. !!~ .559.
    561. ~.
    Filelfo,
    Flelfo, Francesco 205. 574. 578 . .589. 590 .
    .598 . .599. 501.
    601.
    Fl<rretlz 586.
    F10renz
    Fonte AvelJana,
    Avellaw., Abtei 648.
    648 .
    F01JC&ti,
    F01JC&l"i, Francesco, Doge VOn
    VO Ve
    Venedig
    .. edig 475.
    4 75.
    Fzancesco Barbar<>
    arbaro 471.
    47 1. 472. 473.
    Franciscus de ToUeto.
    1'e. mqister 499.
    4 99.
    Fn>
    Fn>o1o
    .. to Ducaeu s 269.
    Fugger
    KiTChberg
    KchOO" und
    F\lgger J. J., Graf von
    Wei6enboro 160,
    Weienborn
    160.

    BoIogna
    Bologna
    Bret&gnlO,
    Bret&gne,
    567.
    Bruni,
    B1uni, Lionanio
    Lonaroo
    n . 3.
    3.
    BuotlCODte 648.
    Buor.conte
    BurguQ dd.. H.,..zog
    Burgun
    He-rzog von
    516. 567.
    56"1. 568.
    Cages (_ Ga
    Ga.zes)
    .,.) 274.
    c..Jceofilo,
    c..ceoflo, .bb.
    abb. mOn.
    mnn. s. Mariae d.,
    ., Arca
    o.
    . eist.
    Cist. Sy.-.cusan.
    SYnlCusan. dioc. 509.

    Gagu in.
    in, Robert
    59.
    ~9.
    Galenu5 483.
    GaIenU5
    Cu
    Gu.....
    ..... Theodoros
    TheodorOll 88. 148.
    f 48. 1.50:; 1. 152.
    ]52.
    170. 204. 205.
    20.5. 206. 247. 251. 2.0;2.
    274. 275. 288. 343. 487. 485
    48.5 . .51 1.
    572-589 d . O.
    .
    Georg Podiebn.d,
    Kng von
    Bbmert
    Bbm_
    Podiehrad, KOnig
    496.
    Georgioe
    Georgi06 Geroi$IOS.
    Gell1i$IO$. l'letllon
    }>Ietlon 148. 1.51.

    ~''''~?' I .. FT.
    !'. 152. ~.

    B<>h",,"
    """",,"

    m.

    159.
    269,
    269.
    545.
    494.
    159.
    1.59.

    '3.

    NMENREGISTR
    NAMENREGI STER

    275.
    27~ . 2'16. 416.
    4 16. 425. 430. 455. 4M.
    4. 463.
    465.468.410.
    465. 468.410.51
    :111.
    1.

    Ge<>1"giOll
    Geo-gio Trapenntioa 70 n.
    . I . 88. 91
    9 1..
    204. 274. 2'111
    2711 . 276. 343. 344.
    344 .t5O.
    ~. 485.

    481. 554. M1.


    481.554.
    1. MB.
    8. 593
    1193.~.
    . .598. .599.
    599.
    Geoo,
    Bnd$r
    dcs
    Th.
    Ga
    ...
    1172.
    Georg;os. Brud<H" des Tb.
    !S72.

    Gercl<
    Gercl ... A.
    . 88. 152.
    1:12. 170. 205. 238.
    27.5.
    2711. 276. <485.
    <48!i.

    ~2.

    S. Giovaoni a Piro!l$.
    Pro~.
    Goo.mga., France.sco }(ard.
    Goo.oaga.,
    Kard. :174.
    574.
    Grabm.o.n
    Grabn.o.nn:
    ..: M.
    . 274 ... 3 .
    Gregnt Heirnburg
    Gregor
    Hernbu.g 001.
    Cu.rinn
    C ... rino 251.
    2!11 . 343.
    Hecker.
    .. voo
    .. RndesheilP.
    RDdeshem. DekaD
    Deka
    H""ku. Rudolf H
    VOD

    War",.
    Wo", .

    SO
    001.
    l.

    Hennetianos, Enieher
    Er.:;eher der Kind.... d ...
    Thom .... Pat.
    Pa!. 531.
    H,,'jag
    on Kypern
    H -"iao v
    Kyp:rn 9
    911.. 1111.
    Hiera.k08
    Hiera.kO$ 583.
    Hodi
    ... 343.
    od".

    Jac:opo de'

    Pie<lornini. s.
    Picoolornini.
    5. Ammenati.
    Anmanati.
    Jakob
    Jal.ob von
    VOD CnmOD& 2'75.
    275.
    ]akob
    Jakob PicetUl,
    Pcen, Franmka
    Franmkao"".ProVnzia1
    .....ProvinzW d.".
    Mark Ancona
    Aneona 400.
    junblk.b.,.
    j ..... blk.b ... 544.
    4.
    Johan", V
    Joh&nn
    Il
    III PalaiologOll
    Palaiologo 425.
    Johann
    J ohannes,
    .., B.. Argyropul
    Argyn>puJo,
    .... , Au"-pa,
    Aumpa, c.._
    C~_
    _tom ..., r ..
    "karis.
    karis.
    l aaak, 50hn
    Sohn des
    Job.
    dcs J
    oh. ArgywpulOlf.563.
    ArgywpuI"".!i63.
    18ldoro&.
    Ialdoro&. HMTolPOllacbos
    HMToIPO...,boo 431. 435.
    IthI""
    v<>1i Korinth
    Isthm
    ... """
    Karinth 439. 440.
    ltati
    lta1ic
    .... <439.
    439. MI.
    .
    lwan
    Iwan 111
    IU "Ofl
    or RuB\a.nd .564. '5T1.
    '51.

    Kallipolio
    K allipolio 478.
    Klette
    1ette Th. 1112.
    1052.
    KGrllg
    Kn; von
    on KOnigst.ha.l,
    Kmgst.ha.l, G. G. 3'16.
    316.
    Konsta.Dtin PaJa,ioIOf!:OII
    Pala.iolOOII -439.
    KonotaDtinopel
    on"ta"tinoel 475. 478. <185.
    Kontos 536.
    Kritobuloo. Ar><t. 531.
    Krit<>buloo.
    53 .
    Knunt.che:r,
    nrnt.cle:r, K.
    . 2ti9
    269 D.
    . 3.
    L&mponi".,.
    L&mpo:i".,. 483.

    LampMI Sp.
    2Q!S. 428. "29.
    <129 . "78.
    <178.
    Sp . 204 u. 5. 205.
    -437.
    437. -C38. -439.
    <139. 440
    440.. 1S31.
    .531. .536.
    536.

    ,L.gI.ud
    ;L.g/eud
    .E.. I$!
    Demctrios. jM8UU...
    ,,;
    ,,:.k:n;S
    :.k:"n..
    . 159. 343
    3<13 n.
    n . I . "29.
    <129.
    Demctrio. J.hauua.
    . $!.
    .

    Leo Allaau.o
    Allatiu.o 88. 1-48.
    1.018.
    Leonard
    Leooard ...
    ... d.,
    d.. S. Mau
    au .....
    ...... 609.
    Loo.rdo
    Bn".!
    27<10
    3.
    Lionerdo Sn,,'! 27" n . 3.
    Uondlo dE..w
    251..
    Uoodlo
    do..w 251
    Lodovic:o, Mukgraf
    MIra.f "00
    " Maatua
    Matua "90.
    <190.
    Lo
    'O .... nU>
    nE<> V..ua 70.
    7. 3<13. "71
    <171..
    Ludovku.
    Ludo "jcu. Carbo 251.
    Ludwig XI
    ,. Knig
    K:i "Oll
    ". Fra.nkrek.h.563.
    Fra..krech 563.
    Lyou lS69.
    9.
    Mailand 598.
    Mai1and
    M_jo.,
    . 499.
    <199.
    Main
    Erzb. "00
    "On M.
    MeqUJsfa
    V .JaUlst-.516.
    516.
    MlJatt=sta.
    M.Jatt=sta. Sigismoudo
    Sigsmoudo 500.
    509. 520.
    Malipiero
    !b1ip"ro
    Pr
    p ....... ro M.
    .

    Malvasia. Fr. B.
    Mal.vasia.
    . 404.
    MaIIgkaphu
    Ma>gkaphu 536.
    Mantua 490.
    Mantua,
    Maa.tu.a, Kard.
    ard. voil
    VOll 574.

    Ma"ueJ, Sohn dda


    MaDUeJ,
    .. Tbomu Pal. 531 ;
    S.
    S . Me
    ...... :ru Venedig 519.
    S. Meriae
    Marlae Caritatia
    Caritati& Sodalitiu
    SodalitiulD
    ... ;11 V...,ediS
    v ....edifl:

    565. 569.

    Marko EugeniJr;
    EugeniJ< .... 433.
    Mark'"
    M&niliu. Ficinus
    Fcinus !W4.
    !1044.
    Matthaio, Hieromonad>.011
    Hierom.~o -431.
    <131 . 435.
    MatthaiOll,
    S. Maura,
    Maure, Deapot
    Despot von
    on 522.
    Maurlkios
    Maurikos 269.
    ,
    Michael Apoetoli'"
    Apoet olios 151.
    151 . 159. 170. 0404.
    404. "78.
    <178.
    479. 480
    480.. 481 . 483. 484. 511
    51 . 513.
    Micbeel Panonnitallul
    Michael
    Panonnitalln. 252.
    Mobammed. Sultan
    Mobammed,
    5Jtan 344.
    Monlllllbasia
    Monenbasia ~.
    MoIIS
    MollS Sinal.
    Si.naI. Kloster!109.
    KJ.oster!109.
    Monte. s.. PetruS
    Petn de
    Morea 490.
    Morelll.
    Moelll, I . 344. <168.
    Moro,
    M.,..." c.... toforo,
    toforo. Doge
    Doae v(>n
    von Venedig
    Veredig 525.

    ",.
    ",.

    M"rat. Sultan
    Sult&n 440.
    NaoUJs 568.
    Nan_
    Nardo Palmer10
    Palmerio "93.
    493.
    pel !180.
    ~. 583. 600.
    N .... peI
    N .... pel, Knig
    Kni v
    .. 549.
    NCQ01
    NiCQOV> Capranka 404.
    404 . .539.
    539.
    NIccol
    NkcoiO Pen>tti
    P"",tt 274. 3<\3. 554. !1.'17. 558. 594.

    ....

    430.
    <130.
    Nikolau. V 452. 453.
    NikoIau.
    <153. 485.
    485 . 572.
    Nilolan.
    Nikolaus von
    or C...
    .... <$53.
    43. 649.
    6 49.
    Nkol.u.
    Nikolaus Seku"di_
    Sekuttdi ll(lll (Sagu"dino)
    (Saguttdi no) 151. 170.
    Nikephoro
    Nikephoroo Cheila.!o
    Cheia..

    470. 498. 647.


    Nkolo
    Nikolos 536.
    No.n>btIrg. 494 .
    Nnn>borg.

    Ogn;bene dda.
    .. Leonigo Y:n.
    Ollvier
    OllV" Rkhard.
    Richard. BillCh. v
    .. Coutaueee
    Couta. __
    Olmnt~.
    Biocb
    .
    v.
    <199.
    Ohno.h, Bloch. v . "99.
    Osimo,
    v . .531.
    OsMo. Bloch.
    Bch. v.
    531.
    Ottaviano
    Ottavano UhAIdini
    UbAldini delta
    de!1a Cude
    C&"d. 648.

    ~7.

    Pa!m"';O
    N.rdo
    Nerdo
    Pa!m""';o
    Parenzo,
    Paretzo. Bivb.
    BlN'b. v.
    . 566.
    Pari.,
    Paris, Univenita.t
    Unvenita.t !IM.
    !1. ~7.
    ~7 . 563.
    S. Petrln1an
    ." _ .
    i. Abtel
    Abtei in
    . Fano 1109.
    .509.

    Paul
    . 539. 51".
    574. 589.
    Pa.nl H
    Pa.ul
    ...
    ,
    $obn
    Oll
    Paul.. Sohn dde
    .. Alexi
    .. 1I 582. 583.
    Paul
    Faul.... Sophia.n..
    ... 428.
    428 .
    Pdopo""
    PdopoD.
    .. -439.
    <139. 490. 516.
    PlIrotti.
    Pm>t, .
    s. Nk:coJb.
    PItt",8
    PItt ... t de M
    Monte.
    oote. Bi8Cb
    B8ch . v . Brixen
    BrJ 275 .
    Pb&nti
    Pb&lItnoe..
    ..... Bi... h . v. Athen "78.
    478.
    PhraDtz ... .531
    Phraotz
    531..
    Pi ....ling.
    ling, P.
    . 578.
    Pietm
    Petm Barto1omo>o.
    Bartolmno>o. Biscb.
    Bscb. v
    v.. Puen~o
    Paren~o 566.

    068.
    Piro,
    . 585.
    Piro. S. Giovanlli a P.
    Pius II
    514.
    5 14.
    Pletitte
    PI.tll. 404.
    404 .

    ZU
    DEN
    DEUTSCH EN ANMERKUNGEN .

    P1aton 1-48. 204. 431. <t68. 487.


    Platon
    554. Ml.
    3. Mol.
    -. 597. 601.
    Plet.bOll, Goorgios
    Plet.bOl1,
    Gogi... Gerobtos.
    Genietos.
    Plotin
    PlotinOll
    ... 544.

    eill.~.
    ~II
    . ~.

    Podiebn.d
    Podieb.d .. Geots
    Geot" P.
    .

    PoIJgio
    J>ogio 343. 411.
    411 .
    Po1ic&ltro
    Po1icatro !i85.
    Polen
    Pnlen 516.
    Porearo, s.
    S. St..tano.
    Steiano.
    Po .. etto.
    ett. 5(J1. 570.
    5'10.
    PoI"phyrios Mt.
    Pwphyrios
    M-t.
    Pmldos

    544.
    Mt.

    ProIIpero
    Propero Malipil!"f"O,
    Ma1ipieo, Doge
    Dog" v.
    . Venedig 514.
    ~14.
    Ptolemaios -481
    481..
    Pythagoner
    Pythagoner 468.

    Sophianos S77
    ~ ..
    Sparta 439.
    Stefauo
    Stefanll Pon:aro 481
    481..
    Stein, L. 88. 151. 152.
    Steiu,
    1112. 170.
    1'10.205.238.
    205. 238.
    Stoiker 470.
    Stolker
    Sturop"los.
    Sturop"I
    .... Demetri
    Demetrios
    ... 586. 581.
    8'7.
    Tacitul
    471. 412.
    412 . 473.
    473 .
    ' 4'11.
    Tarent 582.
    Taylor,
    Io, J. W.
    W . 238.
    TheodofOll . Gates.
    Theodol"Oll
    Thcophanco.
    Thoophanc. BllICh. v.
    . Atheu
    Athen 478.

    Thoophra.st
    Thcophra.st 4815.
    4S.

    Qnintu' Smyn>""s
    Snyn>.eus 483.

    Thomas PaJaiologos 490. 531.


    Tbomas von
    Thotnas
    Sarzana 452 .
    Tours,
    .. , EJoo:b.
    EJ"O:h. v.
    . 5.54.
    554.
    Tureb.a.nos
    Tueb.a.nos 439.

    Rav.... u .479.
    4'19. 570.
    ~'10.
    Rbodos 522.
    ~22.
    Rom 5(J1. !i85.

    ig v.
    . 494. 516.
    Ungarn, Koig

    hloni!ti
    478.
    s..ou'ki 4"18.
    Sabburg, En.
    S-Itburg,
    Rn. v.. 499.
    Saumnr
    S-uuur !S66.
    566.
    So::beeben-Ateberg
    Scbeeben-Ateberg ... I nn.. 2.
    Sc.holarios.
    Sc.holario. Georgios
    Geogios 151.
    I~I .
    SchnItze, F. 276.
    Schult.te,
    2"76.
    Sekund,nos,
    Nikolau..
    Sel.und'nos, . N'l.o\au
    .

    Selymbria, Enb. v.
    Se1ymbria,
    . 431 . 435.
    Senclo:enberg,
    Sencl:euberg, H
    . ehr.
    Chr. 376.
    3"16.
    Sie"a 564.
    Sigismondo l'4alatesta
    \I4a\atesta 509. 520.
    ~20.
    Sixta. IV 404. 576.
    ~'16.
    SkaDderbeg
    Sl.aIderbeg 522.
    Sophianos. Paulos
    Pa"I ... .428.
    428.

    631

    Tilrkeo
    Tilkeo 47S
    47~.. .490.
    490. 1116.
    516. 519,
    ~19, 1122.
    522. 524. 525.
    548.549.
    548. 549. !16().
    56(). 561. Ml.
    3.

    V&lb. , .
    V&lIa

    l.oren~.
    Loren~.

    Venedig!'n1.
    Venedig !im. 516. S19.
    ~9. 520. 522. 524. 525.
    5"25.
    529.
    ~. 539.
    Viterbo 487. 511. 514. 581.
    V'terbo

    .vittorino
    .'tono da Feltre 251. 597.
    Voigt,
    Voigt. G.
    G . 344.

    Wieo
    weo 496. 498.
    Wilhe1m, ... Fichet
    Wilhelm,
    Ficlct W .

    Worm_
    orn_ 494.
    Xenophoo.
    Xenopho :>14.
    5'14.
    %06. Tochtu
    Tochter d
    des
    ... Thom
    Thomas
    .... Pal.
    . S31 . 577 .

    NACHTRGE UND
    NACHTRAGE
    BERICHTIGUNGEN.
    I.
    . Band.
    S.8n.
    S. 8 n. 1.
    . ()ber
    Ober Siegel Bessarion5
    Bessa5 vgl.
    . N~ '1j'o'O.v
    'ID1J'o'OILVljl'<o>~ XII
    (A then ]91~)
    191~) 113.
    ] 13. 483.
    allgemeinen
    a.lIgeroeueu Darstellungen Ober
    ilber B'ss'OOIl
    B:szaoo sei
    e auch verwiesen
    verwesen auf &"l?fione,
    S. 9 n. 4. Zu
    &"l?rione,
    Note biografiche
    Not.,
    biogra.fiche in
    der zsch
    Zschr.
    . Bes"arione
    BeS"2rione I (Roma-Siena 1896) 9-16; 65 17.
    S. 16 Z.
    . 6 v.
    . u. Die Auffassuog
    Auffassung der Griechen
    Gechen Ober die ZahI
    Zahl der kumenischen
    kumenscheu Synoden
    unt .... lag
    ]ag steten Schwankungen.
    Schwankungen, Vgl.
    \. P.
    . Jugi e; ~::h03
    ~eh03 d'Orient
    drent XXII
    (Paris 1919)

    ""-320.
    3>-320.
    S. 17 Aba. I.
    . Vgl.
    !. M.
    . Rackl.
    Rad<.!. Demetrios
    ~metrios Kydoues
    Kydones als VtTteidiger
    VtteidigeT uud
    und t)bersetzer
    bersetzer d ...
    Aquio;
    Aquill; Ka
    K a tholik.
    tholik, Ma.inz
    Mainz IQI5, Hdt
    Heft I.
    . ~24. _ Wie mich M,
    . ViIIer
    Viller
    hl.
    hJ. Thomas vOn
    aufmerkaam macht.
    macht, gibt es noch ein".,lne
    ""., .. StUcke griechischer Thomas-t)bersetzungen
    Tbomas-bersetzungen
    auS
    dem Beginn des 14. Jahrh\lnderts vOn
    einem Dominikaner Guille1mus
    Guillelmus Bernardus,
    Be..rdus.
    Vor
    ihm
    hm hatte schon Akindyn06 ein".,lne Teile
    e1.. aus
    Thomas
    Tbomas Ohersetzt,
    Ilbersetzt.
    . 3. Zu
    " 1esen
    lesen ist: Iill'
    <i)).' ot
    mcr<t':'llt
    mq;X(f".tX':'ll~ _
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    xl:t\lOOT.o\
    IOOTI!>j.I.O\ anstatt mt)('I\.
    =px<t~\. Die
    ..
    S. 19 11.
    Wendung ist richtig
    .... zu
    fibersetzen:
    Ohersehen: tdie
    ... GlaubenatAlscher
    GlaubenalA1scher und -ncuere
    -neueren
    .. anstatt

    tchankterlose Glaubens.ncuwe,
    .
    tchatakterlose
    Glaubensneu ........
    S.
    . 5 v.
    . u. gemalte
    (nal .. DafSteJ1ungen,
    Darstellungen, anstatt
    all$tatt bildreiche.
    5. 25 Ab!!.
    Ab8. 1 Z.
    4, Chrysostom\ls
    Chry,ltOm\ls (398-404), anstatt 404 41~.
    S. 2811. 4.
    S.31
    5.31 ff. Vgl.
    ]. A.
    . Palmieri, Oe
    De grae<:i.s
    grae<:i scriptoribuB
    scptobu! orthodoxis, qui ooncordiae
    oocoIa.. inter
    ...
    ecclesiam
    ecclesam ocx:identalem
    ox:identa\em et orientalem
    entalem restitu.enda.,
    restitu.endae stu.duerunt
    stu.duennt : Acta
    Academiae
    Academae
    Ve1ehradensis.
    (1911 ), 185
    196.
    Velehradensis. VIl
    S.32.
    5.32. Zu
    Nik.,phoros
    Nikephoros Blemmydes
    B1emmydes vgl.
    !. deasen
    dessen Curriculum
    Cuiculum Vitae
    Vit8,e et Carmina. ed.
    .
    A.
    . Hei,eob
    Heisenb e rg, Bibl.
    BibI. Teubneriana. Leipzig 1896, ferner Barviook,
    Barvillok, Nic~phore
    Blemmydea et BlemmydeB
    ses
    . taits
    teits (russisch). Kiew 1911. Vgl.
    !. Wos
    d'Orient
    dent XVII
    l (Paris
    1914) 1~3-156.
    S.32n.
    S. 32 n . I.
    l . Eine
    .. Ausgabe mehrerer DiaIoge
    Dialoge des Niketas von
    Marooeia
    Maroneia lieferte mit
    lateinischer Obe'setz
    bersetzung .
    N. Fes
    Fe s ta.
    ta, Niceta di MaroDeia
    Maroneia i suoi dialoghi
    da]oh ,una
    suna r
    processione deno Spirito
    Spirio Santo: Belsodr.>ne
    Bes ..ir.>ne 18 (1912) 80 107; 126-132; 266 286.
    104--113; 295 3]~.30
    31~.30 {19]3)
    (1913) 104-113; 300--315,
    300--3~. 31 (1914)
    (1QI4) 55 75 ;
    19 (1913) 104--t13;
    239-259.
    S. 3!) n . 2 . Zu
    Johannes Bekko
    Bokko .:
    s: R.
    R , So
    50 uarn , Tentatives
    Tootatives d'union avec Rome.
    Un

    patrarcho
    patriarche grec
    gre<: catholique
    catho]iquo au
    XIIle
    XlIIe si~le: ~::h03
    ~eh03 d'Orient.
    drient. II1
    Il (1899 190(1),
    ]900),
    229---237; 351-370.
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    'TjC;. M6nchen
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    (tendenzis), vgl.
    !. ~::h03
    ~eh03 d'Orient
    dent XXVIlI
    ll (1925),
    (]92!S),
    26--32. V.
    . Lanrent:
    L&orent: ebenda XXIX
    (1926), 316---319; XXX
    (1927), 129-149;
    XXXII (1929), 139-158 ; 1930,396--415. L. Brthier, Art. Beccos: Dictiounaire
    XXXlI
    Dictionnare
    d'histoire et
    " g60graphie ecctwsstiques
    ecct6sisstiques VII
    (Paris
    (as 1934), 354-364. Ein
    Eine.. Monognaphie
    gn.phie ist
    vOn
    V. Laurent ~!
    ~u erwarten.
    5. 39n.
    39n.1.
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    Sctt d'Iaidoro
    d'Isidoro i1 C&rdinale Ruteno: Stu.di e Testi
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    .

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    NACHRA.GE
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    UND BERICHTIGUNCEN
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    dau:ati8cbe Siung
    5.: anw-..d g
    e _ 1&t
    iat (Hnic
    (Hnc
    gewesen
    diloputatlrmi
    di8putati pre'e'l>.l
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    ). Nad> ADtoniD
    Atnnin bsaaen
    besaen auch die
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    dc: Lateinern
    Latel.nern
    be:"brachtet
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    betont. bei
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    u..ndsclft ....
    mllssc
    '" T_tzeugnia
    T_tzeugnis licb
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    ... man
    dies Ei'
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    wid....l ..gt g_eeen.
    g_eeen, "bcr
    aber Ma.k""
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    . .
    u. pnlitiM'h"
    politiM'h" Ziel",
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    5. 164 n . 6. Der
    Dr ADath"",-tismu.
    &th"",-tsn. stammte
    slalDn18 von
    on KyrillOll
    KyJIOII ..,Im.
    S. 166 n.
    . 2. B
    ':: n.on
    perlon hat dleo!.e
    dle!.: Eridlrung
    ErJdArll.g am
    21 . Apri1
    April abg"g"""
    abgegebe .. . Dm:on
    D.o Ambrogio
    S.

    1~7 Z.
    .

    TTaversui
    Taers agt
    Mgt in
    d"m
    d .. m angegebenen
    angegeb:tnen Brief
    Bef "ho<!i,,".
    "ho<!i ..".
    S. 17!i 11..
    !. da%u
    Bts,,'Iions ChrysostOmOll-Zitate
    ChrysotomOllZitat" 111.
    ....n."r
    S&l::amO
    11.. 2. Vgl.
    da%.. B""rions
    in """'
    .. r Scluitt De
    Oe S&l::>amento
    Enchari8tiae,
    "cha8tae. obcn
    oben III
    614.

    S. I77D.
    n. 3. Vom
    20. J
    }
    ..li an
    ....
    vollzogen
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    Uniondekrct.
    .. ionsdekrct. Di
    Die
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    e ....180
    ten waretI d ,,, Bi""hfe
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    vo HerakIeia,
    Herakleia,
    Ky2ikOll,
    KyikOll, Tra""zunt,
    Trapezunt, MonCJnbNia.
    MOnembNia, Nikonodia
    Nikomodia und l>n.Ina.
    Dn.n. Si"
    5i" reistell.
    reisten au<:b
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    dem
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    Bc:cht der
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    "U'gesrochen". Doch scl>einen
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    Z.an .... '
    haug die. Emgenaunten
    noch am
    seIhen Tag
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    Entg"nannten ooch
    An selben
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    Begleitung
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    n.cb
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    d .... abg - hlo
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    inD ....lich losmachten,
    l os:nachten , zeigt .....
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    e in ihrem K
    ......
    VOn
    Thcodorooo
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    .os verlallte
    efalJ18 Apologie,
    ! .. , di
    <.,
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    eine
    .. kleine
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    de~
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    Ha1tung gegenUber
    .. Union
    w"r
    geworden. Auf
    ! die Forderuog
    Ki.Eis, ihm Aufschlu
    fscllB Eu
    gebcn,
    a:
    Forderung des K.i."s,
    geben. wuum
    warum .... an
    dem Florentiner
    Flo...,ntoer ])ekrct
    ])ekrt Ansto
    n'hmen,
    nahmen, l.uerten
    Auaerten sich
    sieh fllnf
    fUnf Bi'IChllfe, darunter
    d.aruntet
    drei, di
    unt...-scbrieben hatt"","
    hatten," zzs.""
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    .. d .... Dekret untenchriebcn
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    Unte~ den lctrteren
    l81rte ...... war auch
    aueh der
    < ... Gro_Ekklesiar<:h
    Gf"OO_EkkIesiar:: h Sy l _
    vefte.
    vester Sy,opulo,.
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    .. "'ngehende
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    Pnlrt

    hervorbeben.
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    Darlegungen
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    theologi'lChen Errterungen
    Errterngen in
    Flor.. oz
    nz
    n'.,..,ala
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    ugehrt hAtten. Dan
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    nicht-ngf>llde Erwt.ungen
    Erw.cung.. n
    in

    s Fdd,
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    Beh"uptung, sic
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    Konstantinopol nach, ""
    an d .. m alJe
    aU., ori
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    .... Patriarchen
    p"triar::h.", teil_
    teiJ_
    nehmen
    oeJm.,.. ..,lIt"".
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    ulld du
    d ... wirklich Okumeni'ICb
    IIkumeni'ICh"';.
    sei. Ncht;s"";
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    lecl.ter alA
    a1A ein ..,lcb.,.
    aolches
    Konlil.,
    Kooi1, sofern
    ofem ou.
    nur di"
    die Lateiner
    Latei ...... zustimmten.
    zustmten.
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    E.e...o ..uchend
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    l die Haltung di_r
    d_ mig.,.timmtcD
    m.iBgestimnte Griechen
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    daB d,,,
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    scl.. an.,
    aUe N
    N.,uerungen
    .. u ...... ngen u"d
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    es doch mllglich
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    daO ....
    er Hlrtrtiker
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    war, trota der Worte
    wat.
    W<>rte d_
    d.,. H ..nu,
    rn. da8
    da die Pfo..- d=
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    Hlle di
    d.. }(irc.h
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    nicht IlberUber-

    ".,be;n

    6:16

    NACHTR},.GE
    NACHTRGE UND BERIC1iTIGUNGEN.
    BE IUCliTIGUNGEN .

    .. GJaubeos
    GlaubeIls bleiben "och
    noch die aod
    alld ........
    winden. Denn zur Wahrung
    W;..hrung dca re<:ht"
    n:hr""
    ....en Bischfe.
    Bische.
    Zud"", beogen
    betgen sich
    die
    .. Worte:
    Wort .. , .Auf
    .Aul diesem
    dIesem Fehien w"rd.,
    werde ich ."
    ."
    .. in
    ....
    .. IGn!h
    Kinlh.. baue
    bauen
    ....

    nicht
    ocht a

    u f di.. Kirche
    Kir.::he von
    on Rom
    Hon: . Chrifh.s
    Ch.t us habe seine IGrcl>.,
    Kircl>e auf
    d
    de
    .... ApoIItel
    Apostel Pe",~
    Pet"'~
    S"baut
    g"baut u"d
    u .. d auf
    an.,.
    alle. die se.in
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    .... Glauben
    GJaube bewahren. Es waren
    "'Are: Gftdanke",
    Godanl<egAge,
    ...",e, """
    ai
    A",lrutz,,~
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    &.. ahnlk:h
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    z ,, ~ ill
    seiner
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    Schtt Qbet"
    das
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    i "00
    niedergelegt
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    hat. ~
    I Di
    D .. Apologie,
    Apologi.. , auf
    die ,niet.
    i<:1 M
    . ViIIe
    VUI ..., bridlic.b
    b,i,,(!ic.b ....
    aufmerkMm
    drnerkMm s.,macbt
    gemacbt hat.
    har.
    findet sich
    SCI>. alA
    a1A Beigabe in
    d .... ,...,Jte"
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    .. "'ode:nen
    01 ........ Dru"kausg
    Dru"kau_gate
    .. be von
    N
    Nektarios
    .. ktar;o. '
    IJ".. Jasai 1682,
    182, .
    p .233--236.
    233--236. Sopbron
    Sophron .. P<!itridu
    Pitrid .. s in
    Konst;antinopel
    Konstantinopel fand
    ".....
    A""",,,, ' 'l''I(.
    cin=
    ein"" t"
    ksstt
    .. Ie:n
    .... T
    ... t davnn
    davon im
    irn Cod. gr.
    g. 129:i
    129!i du
    d .... BibIioth~ue
    BibJ;oth~u .. Nationa1e
    Nationale zu
    Paris.
    PAs.
    Vgl. $. P'O;t
    VgI.
    ,;t .. id
    de
    ....
    Documenla
    Docurn ents sur
    5 la
    Ja rupture
    ruptur.. de I'u
    l'Union
    .. on de Flon:"ce:
    Flon:nee: gcboa
    gehoa d'Ori"nt
    d""t
    XIV
    ] (Paris
    (Pari:o 191
    1911)
    ) .204--207
    p.204--207.. Zu
    du
    d .... Apologie
    Apolog .. vgI.
    vgl. E.
    . L8g.aod,
    L .. g ..... d, Bibliognophie
    Biblognopbie
    heU,o;nique
    heu,;nqe du
    d u XVII8
    XVII- i~
    oi~le
    .. II
    (Paris
    (Pasl8\4)
    1&\4) .
    p. 401--408, ferner J. B

    ianu et
    N . Ho
    do
    dos,
    s, Bihliog.-afis.
    Bib1iogafis. RO
    Honl."flca
    .....nfllca vecl!.e
    eclo 1 2ei1
    2!1-258.
    - 258.
    I Es
    _nn d'e
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    os von
    Nikomedei .... Ignatios
    Ig .... tio_
    . _
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    Makarios
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    sein. Akakio.
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    ,;trdb du
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    M .. tropolit g
    leichen Namens seio,
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    on Byu.u
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    Angabe
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    Bicbof&itze. V gl.
    g Le Q
    u i e n.
    n, OriensChristianu.
    ensChstianus I (Paris
    (Pas 1740)596, 1235,
    1252;
    .. r, La Moldova\a.ehie
    Floren"e: 1tcho.
    I25; Ilber
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    o..",aos C. Aun
    Auner.
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    p. 8 .
    s. - D
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    ie Ilbrig
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    .. n Geistliehen,
    G:stlio::hen, dU.
    de die Apologie mit

    unterschriebe .. haben
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    baben , waren:
    war.. n: der GroBc.hartophyla"
    GroOc.bartopl>.ya" und Archidiakon
    Arcbidalr.on Baham
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    GroEkkl""'arcl> und Diako
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    .. Syro pu
    p u 10.,
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    on Studion Theo _
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    Hicrornonachos und Homo
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    omtt:b..
    anschlieend
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    herausg:egeben mit franz"',sc
    franzII,scber
    ber
    Obe.-s:Unng von
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    19 11 ) p.20:S/206
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    VgI. meine VCl"ffentlichu",
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    . IX
    (Leiprig 1920) ".1
    c.1 4 (p.32
    (. 32 f.). c. 16 (p .34t.).

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    II I [ I'>ori.
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    heftigen A u
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    di., weder in
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    noch
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    fnd"n
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    kUrlieh werd"n.
    werden. Besoarion
    Beoarion ..,Il>trr
    ..,lbeT habe in
    8 !leine
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    in_
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    "
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    11 die $<:harfen
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    w eggestrichen .
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    iner ",Ichell
    solchen Zwi5ChenhandscllTift
    haIte die
    d. .. Annallme
    AIlIla1" e
    "".
    Zw$Gh"ohand$clrift nicht for
    not wendig.
    wendg.
    _ lch
    J oh. Syku
    und
    PhiIoIoge,
    sein
    sein.,..
    S yku tri.,
    tris, ganz ..
    nd gar
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    ist in
    .... au~fOhr!ic.hen
    au~fOh.-!ichen Besprechung
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    Z5c.h . XXVIl1
    XXV IlI 1928, S. 133 142). 111.
    ll1r d ie ich
    i::I ihm
    h", hier
    h ier m
    menen
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    D3nk 3uQ
    aUQ pre<:he, dber
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    n an
    unten neben anderen
    n . E.
    richtigullgen
    meiner Te:.;tauogabe
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    and"re.n mitteile
    mitteil"lI
    .
    sei
    .... Aoregung
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    n Arbeit
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    des Plat<>nismu.
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    der Zeit """
    vt>n Poeilos,
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    _i.x.le:
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    M~ooi"",
    Soci~t<! de Ih,.toire
    Ihistoi..., de Paris
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    p. 193--222_
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    Polog; Pauei
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    .43.
    . 43 . Ein
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    Tl'<l&tbrief Be,erions
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    o lt.
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    agnnd
    gnnd;oo
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    &us W;en
    Wien '10m
    vom 11.
    August 1460.
    '460. D ...
    .... Schreiben
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    bezieht sich aul da.!I
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    cbreckliche Unglo.ck
    UnglOck . da.o
    da.! diesem
    diesen bei
    seiner
    sener Ausfahrt
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    &ul Venedig
    Vered;g im Sommer '460 zugestoJlcn
    zug""tDen war.
    wal', wobei er ."Jler
    .uJ)er Wn.,r
    wner
    gesamten H&be
    geeamten
    Habe seine
    S;IIO II'
    ......
    .... n. zw,,;
    zwei Shne
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    TQChter ...
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    uch die
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    Briefe.. in
    den M;.ocellanea
    Mi.cel!ane-. d;
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    a;., operette. "".
    ed .
    Lau.ron
    LaH&roni.
    i. Ven"';a
    V.,n"';& '7~0. I .
    p . 3. S. 43. Ebenda ein Brief
    l von
    Sagllndino.n
    Sa.gllndi"o.n Ij
    H '"pp "ion
    "on
    mit
    m dem Datum
    Da.tum vom 21.
    2 1 . Augul
    AugUl t 1~62. Da.o Jahr
    j_br ist
    rt oflen.ichtlleh
    oflen.;chtlch in
    ; '460 zu
    > verbEn.rn.
    erbFF ' , rn.
    Der bisher noch ungedruckt"
    ungedruckte Brief ist Obe
    Qb erliefert
    r liefe r t:: Euorial
    E.cor;&I Co<l.
    Col. lat
    tat .. IV
    2 6 .,
    101.
    Inl. 266---267. o.
    . 28.
    Ablebrift
    Abc:br i ft di_
    d_ Briefes sowie
    oowie deD
    deI> nl.hercn
    nlheren Sachverhalt
    SacherhalI zu
    seiner
    ...,.,. AW",",ung
    Abf",",ung ver_
    _
    d.nk
    dank.. ich d",
    der gOtigen
    gtltigen :l.fitteiln"8
    :Iof;tteiln"8 von
    Herrn
    > Un;V.Prof'at"
    Univ.F'TOf"n,..".. Dr. Yn~
    F",n~ B .. binger
    bingu in

    Bukar ... t. ant


    dClSSell Zu
    ..,...artende
    SagundiDo
    Bnkare.t.
    &nl dessen
    .....
    &rtende grere
    grGere MonognoplUe
    MonognopU" (1ber
    o.ber NiCColt.
    NiccoIt. S"g"ndiDo
    ich bei dieser Gelesenheit hio wei...,.
    weise.

    ...
    B
    25ate
    2 Seite 571.

    NACHTRI\GE UND
    BER IICHTl
    CHTI GUNGEN

    86. Bessarlon Cardlnalls


    CardInaIIs Nle.tnus
    Nlc:aenus
    Boncontt Salutem.
    SaIutem.
    Boneontt

    Dici non
    Diei
    facile
    facIe posset,
    pos.set. quantam nobis voluptatem attulerint
    attblerint litterae
    tuae, fili
    in
    Christo optatissime.
    optatissme. Quum enim in
    n tali
    ta1i et tam
    tarn tenera aetate
    constitutus talia et tanta in
    utraque lingua
    lngua scriba.s,
    scribas, profecto miraculum :;5
    est et paene divinum
    diinum munus existimand-am,
    existimandnm, et quidem Don
    modo geni.
    tori tuo, verom etiarn omnibus eius
    s amicis, inter quos in
    primis n
    os
    ;
    collocamus, et solatium ac consolationem in primis tempus et in
    futurum
    optimam de te spem debeat afferre. Quae res
    ut accidat, utinam autcffi
    autern
    uti speramus accidat,
    pone tibi pmo
    primo ante ocu1os
    oculos veluti exemplar geni-lo
    gmi-lo
    torem tuum, et illUID
    imitare eiusque exce1lentissimas virtutes,
    vrtutes, quae
    ipsurn apud omnes clarissimum
    c1arissimum reddiderunt. Sapientiam videlicet, Pl
    prodentiam, fortitudinem. iustitiam,
    iustitam, integritatcm, c1ernentiam,
    c1ementam, fidem,
    fidern, animi
    y
    B
    2 rnagnitudinern
    magnitudinem omni studio ut adipiscaris, enitere. His praeterea adde
    litterarum studia et
    sapientiae. qua nec datum est nobis nec dari otest
    potest 15
    ab immortaJi
    immortali Deo maius
    rnaius honum,
    bonum, ut inquit divinus
    diinus Plato. Sic
    Sie enim et
    clarissimus evades et genitorem
    genitorern tuum
    tuurn vinces
    inces victoria ei
    optatissima.
    Solent quippe magna ex parte parentum proces, ut quidam inquit, ex
    .
    poscere, ut a fils
    filis superentur. Als
    A1is certe virtutibus
    virtutbus tuis si utriusque
    etiam linguae eognitionern
    cognitionem addideris et pa.cis desiderio
    desderio respondebis, et 20
    immortaJem
    irnmortalern apud omnes gloriam consequere.
    2 S,,(W<JU"plw:
    S"(W<JUriplw: Epiitola
    $tol nv,.,.endissimi
    lv..,."ndi .. t",; dominI
    domnl B.
    . cardinali.
    cardinalis Nicaeni a dom ino
    iooI
    Nioolao Perocto
    Peroeto e graeco in
    ]ltll>O
    latlt.o (ric)
    (riel versa.
    vers... lnelpit
    IDctpit lelic:iter.
    le1ic:iter.
    Ep.
    . 86. Bu
    oneon
    te
    .. ist
    . nao::h
    naeh den Fest:ltellungen
    Fest:tellunge .. Mercatis offe ..ba~
    bar d~f
    d~~ ..
    natUr_
    atIIr_
    ]clo Sohn von
    Federigo di Urbino.
    dllc.h
    liche
    U~bino. dea
    den diO$er
    dieser lUI1 n.
    u. Novettber
    November 1454 durch
    Nikol&us V
    NikO!&uS
    legitilrlierw
    legtUrliere.> lie,
    lO, um ihm die Nacbfolge zu
    211 W:hem. (Vgl.
    ( G.
    G. Merc.ti,
    Me~cati,
    Per la crouologia
    COIlO]Ogi. delLo. vita e degli
    degl 5Critti d i Niccolb Perotti. [Studi
    [ Studi e test,
    tO$tl 44]
    441 Rom..
    Roma
    ' 9'5. P'41.)
    '41.) Buonoonte befaod $.ich noch
    nocb 1m
    im Schulalu,..
    Schul.tte und hatte.
    h .. tte. wahncl>einllt:h
    ",aht$<.heinJcl
    11m
    um !leine
    !leo Kenntnisa,.,
    Kenntnisae an
    den Tag zU
    ]egen.
    legen. ]l..teini
    teinj ... b
    h und gTiechi$ch
    giecl$ch ..
    an
    n den Karo;nal
    ar:di""t
    gHcbriel>en. Darauf
    D ..... llf antwortete
    utwortete ihm
    ih.n Beuarion
    so mit
    einem
    " griecl>iden
    griecliden Brief. VOll

    dem die obell m1tget


    ..,Hte Obenetznng ..
    au,
    ... ]
    Perott ooch
    mlt,getflllte
    us d .... Feder d
    d""
    Nleeolo PerotH
    noch
    vorliegt.
    i. Der Kardinal
    ar<ti""t fordert
    forde1: den Jngling
    JUnglng ~ fteiOigem
    fleiigem Studium
    Stlldillm ..
    auf
    lIft"l]t
    tellt ihm
    ih.n die
    Spendung der Firmung
    Spendang
    FirmIlDg durch
    dllrch seine
    sene H

    ..nd in
    Alluicht
    Aussicht lIad
    uud hofft ihn
    hn bei der
    de BesichBe&Ch
    tigung
    tgIIB" seiner
    . dortigen Kir<;be
    KirGbe ~ seben.
    . .
    Es handelt sich
    .ch bei dieser
    um die K
    Kamal_
    .. na1_
    dulenserabtei VOn
    dlllenserabtei
    Fonte
    Font .. AveU
    ...... , deren Kommenrl
    Komnedat
    ..tanbt
    .. rabt Bessarion seit '456
    g ....esen
    cscn ist.
    st. (Vgl.
    (]. Mer c .. ti I.
    . c. 48 ...
    n. 1 IIDd
    und oben N"achtr!ge
    N..::htrlge zu
    S. ~80. 33")
    33',) Allch
    Auch
    !leiDen
    Auskunft wUnscht.
    Neb .... seinen
    !lee Lehrer.
    Leher. aber
    Ober den er
    " nJ:here
    ::here Au"kunft
    wUscht. vergiBt
    .... nicht. :N'ebea
    Eltern IlBt
    EItern
    ! er
    u aueh
    ;,lIcl seinen
    se:inen Oheim Ott .. vi .. oo
    no grOllen.
    I1leII. Mercati
    Mercat $teHt
    stellt diesen als
    Ubo.ldin; d.,t1a
    della Carda fest.
    f est. Der
    Per Brief ist. ""'"
    wie skb
    u. dem
    Berardino di Ottavi..no Ubaldi,,;
    sicll ..U.
    nachfolgenden Brief Pen:.ttis
    nachIolgenden
    Perotts .. n
    Buonconte (bei Mercau
    Mercati I.
    ]. c. ' 50--' 5') erslbt,
    oI~l>t, ..
    au~
    II~ ROll!.
    ROJ:I
    g:l:briel:>ett.
    g:l:biebea. An~lI.eue
    An~u.euen
    .. ist.."
    ist er woh]
    wohl b&td
    bald nach '456, jelenfa]!s
    jedenfalls
    vo~ '458. weil
    ", damals
    dama!s
    BuODC<lnte nach
    BIIODC<lDte
    na:h NeapeI
    Neapel gi .....
    De:r
    Bref... " den micb
    fn..,.k'?m machte,
    Der bir.her
    bish.,.. noch ullgedrncl:te
    uugedrnclr:te Brief,
    mich Mercati ....
    a""",.,.ham
    m..::hte,
    ist
    s Oberiiefert:
    aberliefert: Rom, Cod. Vat.
    V.. t. ]lat.
    ..t. 6841. 101.
    ! . - 3 ( ~ B).
    ).

    ""f

    III.
    . BAND.

    64.

    os
    Nos

    vero eum
    cum te talem
    talern esse intellexerimus,
    inte1lexerimus, taliaque tuae indolis
    indoIis
    ! loco filii in
    sancto spiritu earissimi
    carissmi
    b.abuerimus documcnta,
    habuerimus
    documenta, statuimus te
    amantissimique habere
    ! sancto ehrismate
    chrismate erungere
    hatx!re et te
    perull8ere cogitamu~,
    eogitarnu~, per
    nos potius si fien
    fieri poterit, sin minus per a1ium,
    jHustri genitori
    geni tori tue

    alium, qui i1Justn


    :; videbitur.
    vidcbitur. Etsi enim patris tui
    erga nos benivolentia taJis
    talis et tanta sit,
    s,
    ut sua omnia nobis

    nobs communia fecerit et


    ct filios suos nostrosque filios
    ilos esse
    vellt, ut tamen
    velit,
    tarnen maiori
    maion quoque vinculo coniugamur, hanc
    hane spiritaIem
    spiritalem intcr
    inter
    nos eognationem
    cognationem esse decrevimus,
    decreimus, ,
    ut, quem iIle
    ille secundum earnem
    carnem filium
    l
    genuit, hunc
    hune nnos
    os secundum
    secundurn spiritum filium
    l faciamus.
    10
    Veniemus autem
    autern istuc - tantopere flagitas - , si pubIicarum
    publicarum rerum
    rerurn
    eondictio
    condictio patiatur, non
    modo
    mod ut ecclesiarn
    eccIesiam nostram ct
    ct eius
    ! praedia ac
    ae
    possessiones videamus, veru.m
    erum etiam
    etiarn ut excellentissimum
    exce11entissimum patrern
    patrem tuum,
    euius
    cuius singuJaris erga nos benivolentia Offinern
    offinem amicitiae modum excedit,
    exeedit,
    ut te
    optimi
    m patris optima, ut Homerus dieeret,
    diceret, pignora intueri am111 plectique possimus. Interca voJumus,
    volumus,
    ut hanc
    hane nostram epistolam
    epistolarn diligenter discas
    dscas ac fideliter eommendes,
    commendes, ut in
    nostro istuc
    istue adventu eam
    cam
    memoriter
    nec :;olum
    mernoriter refene
    referte possis nce
    solum modo recitare
    recitarc verba, sed etiam
    sententias, sive
    sie graece malueris sive latine,
    latne, nihil enim refert. [nterlnter- B
    3
    rogabo quippe te
    quam exactissime
    exactissimc de omnibus. Tu
    vide,
    ide, quid sis
    20 responsurus.
    responsuls.
    Praeceptorem tuum iube nostro nomine saJvere,
    salvere, et

    ut tui euram
    curam
    habeat, nostris verbis hortare. Quod
    od praeterea eius
    c! nomen sit,
    5, quae
    patria, nobis significa,
    signifiea, ut nos quoque hominem eognoscamus.
    cogncamus.
    fili amantissime et virtuti
    irtuti assidue ineumbe.
    incumbe. Magnificam atque
    Vale fi1i
    2r>illustrem
    Woillustrem matrem
    matl'em tuam et Octavium
    Octaium patruum n
    nostris
    ostris vf'rbis
    vorbis saluta.
    wuta.
    87. Bes.. rlon C.udln.lIs
    c.r41In.IIs
    Nleol.o Cardl
    NIcol.o
    (..".
    ...n Cu....o.
    Reverendissimo
    Reerendissimo domino
    dom1no meo cardinali S. Petri ad vincuJa.
    vincula.
    Reverendissime pater et domine rni
    singularjssime. Proposui in

    3Ocollegio dominorurn meorum cardinalium scedulam et


    petitionern revereve~
    rendissimae
    rendssimae dominationi6
    dominationi vestrae
    estrae de distributionibus iuriurn capelli
    habendis in
    absentia. Omnes reverendissimi
    reverendissmi domini fuerunt eontenti
    contenti
    et libenter
    Iibenter concesserunt
    concesserunt.. Significo
    Sgnifico hoc reverendissimae
    reerendissimae dominationi
    vestrae,
    estrae, ut sciat
    sciat.. Cui me humiliter commendo.
    ~
    3
    Romae in
    sanct!s
    sancts apostolis, 6.
    6 . Aprilis
    AprIis 1463.
    Humilis
    Hmils servitor
    seritor
    B.
    . Cardinalis Nicaenus.
    Nieaenus.
    S benivo]entia
    benivolentia

    ~P~.

    ~aip~, bentiae
    balivolentiae B

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