LAMPIRAN B

PERHITUNGAN NERACA ENERGI

Kapasitas Produksi : 55000 Ton / tahun

Proses Operasi : Continue
Produk : High Impact Polystyrene ( HIPS )
Waktu Aktif Produksi : 330 hari

B.1 Neraca Energi Heat Exchanger ( HE – 101 )

QS
T = 170 °C

T = 30 °C T = 80 °C

Q 1A HEAT EXCHANGER Q 1B
S S
EB EB

QC
T = 170 °C

Gambar B.1 Aliran neraca energi heat exchanger ( HE – 101 )

Tabel B.1 Rangkuman neraca massa heat exchanger ( HE – 101 )

Aliran Massa ( kg / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
F 1A F 1B
Styrene 6.842,85 6.842,85
Ethylbenzene 20,59 20,59
Total 6.863,44 6.863,44

Diketahui :

Laju alir massa pada aliran 1A, F 1A = 6.863,44 kg / jam

Komponen aliran F 1A :

B-1
 B-2

Laju alir styrene, F S 1A = 6.842,85 kg / jam

Laju alir ethylbenzene, F EB 1A = 20,77 kg / jam

Berat molekul komponen :

Styrene, Mr S = 104,15 kg / kgmol
Ethylbenze, Mr EB = 106,17 kg / kgmol

B.1.1 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 1A, N 1A

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 1A

F S1A
N S 1A =
Mr S
6.842,85 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 65,70 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 1A

F EB 1A
N EB 1A =
Mr S
20,77 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol

= 0,19 kgmol / jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 1A, N 1A

N 1A = N S 1A + N EB 1A
= 65,70 kgmol / jam + 0,19 kgmol / jam
= 65,89 kgmol / jam

B.1.2 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 1A, ∆H 1A

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 1A

T 1A
∆ H S 1A = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿¿

¿ (−3,80191 ×10 × ( 303−298 ) ) +¿

 B-3

¿ 879,65J/mol

¿ 879,65KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 1A

T 1A
∆ H EB 1A = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿¿

¿ ( 4,31428× ( 303−298 ) ) + ¿

¿ 913,89J/mol

¿ 913,89KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 1A, ∆H 1A

∆H 1A = ∆H S 1A + ∆H EB 1A
= 879,65 kJ / kgmol + 913,89 kJ / kgmol
= 1793,53 kJ / kgmol

B.1.3 Menentukan energi masuk pada aliran F 1A, Q 1A

Energi styrene, Q S 1A
Q S 1A = N S 1A × ∆H S 1A
= 65,70 kgmol / jam × 879,65 kJ / kgmol
= 57.794,49 kJ / jam

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 1A
Q EB 1A = N EB 1A × ∆H EB 1A
= 0,19 kgmol / jam × 913,89 kJ / kgmol
= 177,23 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 1A, Q 1A

Q 1A = Q S 1A + Q EB 1A
= 57.794,49 kJ / jam + 177,23 kJ / jam
= 57.971,72 kJ / jam
 B-4
Tabel B.2 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 1A, Q 1A
N 1A ∆H 1A Q 1A
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 65,70 879,65 57.794,49
Ethylbenzene 0,19 913,89 177,23
Total 65,89 1793,53 57.971,72

B.1.4 Menentukan laju alir keluar pada aliran F 1B, N 1B

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 1B

F S1B
N S 1B =
Mr S
6.842,85 kg/jam
=
104,15 kgmol/jam

= 65,70 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 1B

F EB 1B
N EB 1B =
Mr EB
20, 59 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol

= 0,19 kgmol / jam

Laju alir keluar pada aliran F 1B, N 1B

N 1B = N S 1B + N EB 1B
= 65,70 kgmol / jam + 0,19 kgmol / jam
= 65,89 kgmol / jam

B.1.5 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 1B, ∆H 1B

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 1B

T1 A
∆ H S 1B = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿¿

¿ (−3,80191 ×10 × ( 353−298 ) ) +¿

 B-5

¿ 10.209,79J/mol

¿ 10.209,79KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 1B

T 1A
∆ H S 1A = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿¿

¿ ( 4,31428× ( 303−298 ) ) + ¿

¿ 10.621,35J/mol

¿ 10.621,35KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 1B, ∆H 1B

∆H 1B = ∆H S 1B + ∆H EB 1B
= 10.209,79 kJ / kgmol + 10.621,35 kJ / kgmol
= 20.831,14 kJ / kgmol

B.1.6 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 1B, Q 1B

Energi styrene, Q S 1B
Q S 1B = N S 1B × ∆H S 1B
= 65,70 kgmol / jam × 10.209,79 kJ / kgmol
= 670.802,7 kJ / jam

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 1B
Q EB 1B = N EB 1B × ∆H EB 1B
= 0,19 kgmol / jam × 10.621,35 kJ / kgmol
= 2.059,86 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 1B, Q 1B

Q 1B = Q S 1B + Q EB 1B
= 670.802,7 kJ / jam + 2.059,86 kJ / jam
= 672.862,5 kJ / jam
N 1B ∆H 1B Q 1B
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene
Tabel B.3 Rangkuman neraca energi keluar65,70
pada aliran F10.209,79
1B, Q 1B 670.802,7
Ethylbenzene 0,19 10.621,35 2.059,86
Total 65,89 20.831,14 672.862,5
 B-6

B.1.7 Menentukan perubahan energi, ∆Q

Diketahui :
Total energi masuk aliran F 1A, Q 1A = 57.971,72 kJ / jam
Total energi keluar aliran F 1B, Q 1B = 672.862,5 kJ / jam

Perubahan energi, ∆Q
∆Q = Q 1B – Q 1A
= 672.862,5 kJ / jam - 57.971,72 kJ / jam
= 614.890,8 kJ / jam

B.1.8 Menentukan kebutuhan steam, ṁ steam

Diketahui :
Tekanan steam, P steam = 792,02 kPa
Temperatur steam, T steam = 170,00 °C
Entalpi saturated liquid, H L = 719,10 kJ / kg
Entalpi saturated vapor, H V = 2.767,10 kJ / kg
Perubahan energi, ∆Q = 614.890,8 kJ / jam

Panas laten, λ steam

λ steam = H L – H V
= 2.767,10 kJ / kg – 719,10 kJ / kg
= 2.048,00 kJ / kg

Laju alir steam, ṁ steam

∆Q
ṁ steam =
λ steam
614.890,8 kJ / jam
=
2.048,00 kJ / kg
= 300,23 kg / jam

Energi steam, Q steam

Q steam = ṁ steam × H V
= 300,23 kg / jam × 2.767,10 kJ / kg
 B-7
= 830.793,14 kJ / kg

Energi condensate, Q condensate

Q condensate = ṁ steam × H L
= 300,23 kg / jam × 719,10 kJ / kg
= 215.902,3 kJ / kg

Tabel B.4 Rangkuman neraca energi heat exchanger ( HE – 101 )

Aliran Energi ( kJ / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
Q in Q out
Styrene 57.971,72 672.862,5
Ethylbenzene 177,23 2.059,86
Steam 830.793,14 0,00
Condensate 0,00 215.902,3
Total 888.764,86 888.764,86
B.2 Neraca Energi Heat Exchanger ( HE – 102 )

QS
T = 170 °C

T = 30 °C T = 80 °C

Q 3A HEAT EXCHANGER Q 3B
EB EB

QC
T = 170 °C

Gambar B.2 Aliran neraca energi heat exchanger ( HE – 102 )

Tabel B.5 Rangkuman neraca massa heat exchanger ( HE – 102 )

Aliran Massa ( kg / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
F 3A F 3B
Ethylbenzene 857,93 857,93
Total 857,93 857,93

Diketahui :

Laju alir massa pada aliran 3A, F 3A = 857,93 kg / jam

Komponen aliran F 3A :
Laju alir ethylbenzene, F EB 3A = 857,93 kg / jam

Berat molekul komponen :

Ethylbenze, Mr EB = 106,17 kg / kgmol
B.2.1 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 3A, N 3A

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 3A

F EB 3A
N EB 3A =
Mr EB
857,93 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol

= 8,8 kgmol / jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 3A, N 3A

N 3A = N EB 3A
= 8,8 kgmol / jam

B.2.2 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 3A, ∆H 3A

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 3A

T 1A
∆ H EB 3A = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿¿

¿ ( 4,31428× ( 303−298 ) ) + ¿

¿ 913,89J/mol

¿ 913,89KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 3A, ∆H 3A

∆H 3A = ∆H EB 3A
= 913,89 kJ / kgmol

B.2.3 Menentukan energi masuk pada aliran F 3A, Q 3A

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 3A
Q EB 3A = N EB 3A × ∆H EB 3A
= 8,8 kgmol / jam × 913,89 kJ / kgmol
 = 7.384,81 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 3A, Q 3A

Q 3A = Q EB 3A

= 7.384,81 kJ / jam

Tabel B.6 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 3A, Q 3A

N 3A ∆H 3A Q 3A
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Ethylbenzene 8,8 913,89 7.384,81
Total 8,8 913,89 7.384,81

B.2.4 Menentukan laju alir keluar pada aliran F 3B, N 3B

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 3B

F EB 3B
N EB 3B =
Mr EB

842,07 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol

= 8,8 kgmol/jam

Laju alir keluar pada aliran F 3B, N 3B

N 3B = N EB 3B

= 8,8 kgmol /
jam
 B.2.5 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 3B, ∆H 3B

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 3B

T1A
∆ H EB 3B = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿¿

¿ ( 4,31428× ( 353−298 ) ) + ¿

¿ 10.621,35J/mol

¿ 10.621,35KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 3B, ∆H 3B

∆H 3B = ∆H EB 3B
= 10.621,35 kJ / kgmol

B.2.6 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 3B, Q 3B

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 3B
Q EB 3B = N EB 3B × ∆H EB 3B
= 8,8 kgmol / jam × 10.621,35 kJ / kgmol
= 85.827,58 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 3B, Q 3B

Q 3B = Q EB 3B
= 85.827,58 kJ / jam

Tabel B.7 Rangkuman neraca energi keluar pada aliran F 3B, Q 3B

N 3B ∆H 3B Q 3B
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Ethylbenzene 8,8 10.621,35 85.827,58
Total 8,8 10.621,35 85.827,58

B.2.7 Menentukan perubahan energi, ∆Q

Diketahui :
Total energi masuk aliran F 3A, Q 3A = 7.384,81 kJ / jam
Total energi keluar aliran F 3B, Q 3B = 85.827,58 kJ / jam
 Perubahan energi, ∆Q
∆Q = Q 3B – Q 3A
= 85.827,58 kJ / jam - 7.384,81 kJ / jam
= 78.442,76 kJ / jam

B.2.8 Menentukan kebutuhan steam, ṁ steam

Diketahui :
Tekanan steam, P steam = 792,02 kPa
Temperatur steam, T steam = 170,00 °C
Entalpi saturated liquid, H L = 719,10 kJ / kg
Entalpi saturated vapor, H V = 2.767,10 kJ / kg
Perubahan energi, ∆Q = 78.442,76 kJ / jam

Panas laten, λ steam

λ steam = H L – H V
= 2.767,10 kJ / kg – 719,10 kJ / kg
= 2.048,00 kJ / kg

Laju alir steam, ṁ steam

Energi steam, Q steam

Q steam = ṁ steam × H V
= 38,30 kg / jam × 2.767,10 kJ / kg
= 105.985,81 kJ / kg

Energi condensate, Q condensate

Q condensate = ṁ steam × H L
= 38,30 kg / jam × 719,10 kJ / kg
= 27.543,06 kJ / kg

Tabel B.8 Rangkuman neraca energi heat exchanger ( HE – 102 )

Aliran Energi ( kJ / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
Q in Q out
Ethylbenzene 7.384,81 85.827,58
Steam 105.985,81 0,00
Condensate 0,00 27.543,06
Total 113.370,64 113.370,64
B.3 Neraca Energi Heat Exchanger ( HE – 103 )

QS
T = 170 °C

T = 30 °C T = 80 °C

Q 4A HEAT EXCHANGER Q 4B
WMO WMO

QC
T = 170 °C

Gambar B.3 Aliran neraca energi heat exchanger ( HE – 103 )

Tabel B.9 Rangkuman neraca massa heat exchanger ( HE – 103 )

Aliran Massa ( kg / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
F 4A F 4B
White mineral oil 171,58 171,58
Total 171,58 171,58

Diketahui :

Laju alir massa pada aliran 4A, F 4A = 171,58 kg / jam

Komponen aliran F 4A :
Laju alir white mineral oil, F WMO 4A = 171,58 kg / jam

Berat molekul komponen :

White mineral oil, Mr WMO = 350 kg / kgmol
B.3.1 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 4A, N 4A

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 4A

F WMO 4A
NS 7 =
Mr WMO

171 , 58 kg/jam
=
350 kg/kgmol

= 0,49 kgmol / jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 4A, N 4A

N 4A = N WMO 4A
= 0,49 kgmol / jam

B.3.2 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 4A, ∆H 4A

Perubahan entalpi white mineral oil, ∆H WMO 4A

T 4A
∆H WMO 4A = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 4A – T Ref )
= 584,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 303 – 298 ) K
= 2.922,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 4A, ∆H 4A

∆H 4A = ∆H WMO 4A
= 2.922,50 kJ / kgmol

B.3.3 Menentukan energi masuk pada aliran F 4A, Q 4A

Energi white mineral oil, Q WMO 4A

Q WMO 4A = N WMO 4A × ∆H WMO 4A
= 0,49 kgmol / jam × 2.922,50 kJ / kgmol
= 1.432,74 kJ / jam
 Total energi aliran F 4A, Q 4A
Q 4A = Q WMO 4A
= 1.432,74 kJ / jam

Tabel B.10 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 4A, Q 4A

N 4A ∆H 4A Q 4A
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kg kJ / jam
White mineral oil 0,49 2.922,50 1.432,74
Total 0,49 2.922,50 1.432,74

B.3.4 Menentukan laju alir keluar pada aliran F 4B, N 4B

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 4B

F WMO 4B
N WMO 4B =
Mr WMO

171,58 kg/jam
=
350 kg/kgmol
= 0,49 kgmol / jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 4B, N 4AB

N 4B = N WMO 4B
= 0,49 kgmol / jam

B.3.5 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 4B, ∆H 4B

Perubahan entalpi white mineral oil, ∆H WMO 4B

T1A
∆ H WMO 4B = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 4B – T Ref ¿
¿ 584,50 KJ/Kmol.K × ( 303−298 ) K
¿ 32.147,50 KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 4B, ∆H 4B

∆H 4B = ∆H WMO 4B
= 32.147,50 kJ / kgmol
B.3.6 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 4B, Q 4B

Energi white mineral oil, Q WMO 4B

Q WMO 4B = F WMO 4B × ∆H WMO 4B
= 0,49 kgmol / jam × 32.147,50 kJ / kgmol
= 15.760,18 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 4B, Q 4B

Q 4B = Q WMO 4B
= 15.760,18 kJ / jam

Tabel B.11 Rangkuman neraca energi keluar pada aliran F 4B, Q 4B

N 4B ∆H 4B Q 4B
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
White mineral oil 0,49 32.147,50 15.760,18
Total 0,49 32.147,50 15.760,18

B.3.7 Menentukan perubahan energi, ∆Q

Diketahui :
Total energi masuk aliran F 4A, Q 4A = 1.432,74kJ / jam
Total energi keluar aliran F 4B, Q 4B = 15.760,18 kJ / jam

Perubahan energi, ∆Q
∆Q = Q 4B – Q 4A
= 15.760,18 kJ / jam - 1.432,74kJ / jam
= 14.327,44 kJ / jam
B.3.8 Menentukan kebutuhan steam, ṁ steam
Diketahui :
Tekanan steam, P steam = 792,02 kPa
Temperatur steam, T steam = 170,00 °C
Entalpi saturated liquid, H L = 719,10 kJ / kg
Entalpi saturated vapor, H V = 2.767,10 kJ / kg
Perubahan energi, ∆Q = 14.327,44 kJ / jam

Panas laten, λ steam

λ steam = H L – H V
= 2.767,10 kJ / kg – 719,10 kJ / kg
= 2.048,00 kJ / kg

Laju alir steam, ṁ steam

∆Q
ṁ steam =
λ steam
14.327,44 kJ / jam
=
2.048,00 kJ / kg
= 6,99 kg / jam

Energi steam, Q steam

Q steam = ṁ steam × H V
= 6,99 kg / jam × 2.767,10 kJ / kg
= 19.358,13 kJ / kg

Energi condensate, Q condensate

Q condensate = ṁ steam × H L
= 6,99 kg / jam × 719,10 kJ / kg
= 5.030,69 kJ / kg
Tabel B.12 Rangkuman neraca energi heat exchanger ( HE – 103 )
Aliran Energi ( kJ / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
Q in Q out
White mineral oil 1.432,74 15.760,18
Steam 19.358,13 0,00
Condensate 0,00 5.030,69
Total 20.790,87 20.790,87

B.4 Neraca Energi Dissolver ( DS – 101 )

Q5
BP
TDM
DPD Q 4 QS
ZS WMO
T = 170 °C
Q3
EB

Q2
PB
Q1
S
T = 80 °C T = 120 °C
EB

DISSOLVER Q6
S PB
EB
BP
TDM
DPD
QC WMO
ZS
T = 170 °C

Gambar B.4 Aliran neraca energi dissolver ( DS – 101 )

 Tabel 5.1 Rangkuman neraca massa dissolver ( DS – 101 )
Aliran Massa ( kg / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Styrene 6.842,85 6.842,85
Polybutadiene 600,55 600,55
Ethylbenzene 20,55 857,93 878,52
Benzoyl peroxide 4,28 4,28
T-dodecyl mercaptan 6,00 6,00
Distearyl pentaerythriol
58,33 58,33
Diphospite
White mineral oil 171,58 171,58
Zinc stearate 17,15 17,15
6.863,44 600,55 857,93 171,58 85,79 8
8.579,30
Total
8.579,30
Diketahui :
Laju alir massa pada aliran 1, F 1 = 6.842,85 kg / jam
Komponen aliran F 1 :
Laju alir styrene, F S 1 = 6.842,85 kg / jam
Laju alir ethylbenzene, F EB 1 = 20,55 kg / jam

Laju alir massa pada aliran 2, F 2 = 600,55 kg / jam

Komponen aliran F 2 :
Laju alir polybutadiene, F PB 2 = 600,55 kg / jam

Laju alir massa pada aliran 3, F 3 = 857,93 kg / jam

Komponen aliran F 3 :
Laju alir ethylbenzene, F EB 3 = 857,93 kg / jam

Laju alir massa pada aliran 4, F 4 = 171,58 kg / jam

Komponen aliran F 4 :
Laju alir white mineral oil, F WMO 4 = 171,58 kg / jam
 Laju alir massa pada aliran 5, F 5 = 85,79 kg / jam
Komponen aliran F 5 :
Laju alir benzoyl peroxide, F BP 5 = 4,28 kg / jam
Laju alir t-dodecyl mercaptan, F TDM 5 = 6,00 kg / jam
Laju alir distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, F DPD = 58,33 kg / jam
5
Laju alir zinc stearate, F ZS 5 = 17,15 kg / jam

B.4.1 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 1B, N 1B

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 1B

F S 1B
N S 1B =
Mr S
6.842,85 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 65,70 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 1B

F EB 1B
N EB 1B =
Mr EB
20,55 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol
= 0,19 kgmol / jam

Laju alir keluar pada aliran F 1B, N 1B

N 1B = N S 1B + N EB 1B
= 65,70 kgmol / jam + 0,19 kgmol / jam
= 65,89 kgmol / jam

B.4.2 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 1B, ∆H 1B

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 1B

T1 A
∆ H S 1B = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿¿

¿ (−3,80191 ×10 × ( 353−298 ) ) +¿

 ¿ 10.209,79J/mol

¿ 10.209,79KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 1B

T1A
∆ H EB 1B = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿¿

¿ ( 4,31428× ( 353−298 ) ) + ¿

¿ 10.621,35J/mol

¿ 10.621,35KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 1B, ∆H 1B

∆H 1B = ∆H S 1B + ∆H EB 1B
= 10.209,79 kJ / kgmol + 10.621,35 kJ / kgmol
= 20.831,14 kJ / kgmol

B.4.3 Menentukan energi masuk pada aliran F 1B, Q 1B

Energi styrene, Q S 1B
Q S 1B = N S 1B × ∆H S 1B
= 65,70 kgmol / jam × 10.209,79 kJ / kgmol
= 670.802,669 kJ / jam

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 1B
Q EB 1B = N EB 1B × ∆H EB 1B
= 0,19 kgmol / jam × 10.621,35 kJ / kgmol
= 2059,86 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 1B, Q 1B

Q 1B = Q S 1B + Q EB 1B
= 670.802,669 kJ / jam + 2.059,86 kJ / jam
= 672.862,53 kJ / jam

Tabel B.14 Rangkuman neraca energi keluar pada aliran F 1B, Q 1B

 N 1B ∆H 1B Q 1B
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 65,70 10.209,79 670.802,66
Ethylbenzene 0,19 10.621,35 9 2.059,86
Total 65,89 20.831,14 672.862,53

B.4.4 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 2, N 2

Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB 2

F PB 2
N PB 2 =
Mr WMO
600,55 kg/jam
=
54.091,60 kg/kgmol

= 0,0111 kgmol/jam
Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 2, N 2
N2 = N PB 2
= 0,0111 kgmol / jam

B.4.5 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 2, ∆H 2

Perubahan entalpi polybutadiene, ∆H PB 2

T1 A
∆ H PB 2 = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 2 – T Ref ¿
¿ 97.364,88 KJ/Kmol.K× ( 303−298 ) K
¿ 486.824,40KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 2, ∆H 2

∆H 2 = ∆H PB 2
= 486.824,40 kJ / kgmol

B.4.6 Menentukan energi masuk pada aliran F 2, Q 2

Energi polybutadiene, Q PB 2
Q PB 2 = N PB 2 × ∆H PB 2
= 0,0111 kgmol / jam × 486.824,40 kJ / kgmol
= 5.355.068,4 kJ / jam
 Total energi aliran F 2, Q 2
Q2 = Q PB 2
= 5.355.068,4 kJ / jam
Tabel B.14 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 2, Q 2
N2 ∆H 2 Q2
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Polybutadiene 0,0111 486.824,40 5.355.068,4
Total 0,0111 486.824,40 5.355.068,4

B.4.7 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 3B, N 3B

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 3B

F EB 3B
N EB 3B =
Mr EB
842,07 kg/jam
=
106 ,17 kg/kgmol
= 8,08 kgmol / jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 3B, N 3B

N 3B = N EB 3B
= 8,08 kgmol / jam

B.4.8 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 3B, ∆H 3B

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 3B

T1A
∆ H EB 3B = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿¿

¿ ( 4,31428× ( 353−298 ) ) + ¿

¿ 10.621,35J/mol

¿ 10.621,35KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 3B, ∆H 3B

∆H 3B = ∆H EB 3B
= 10.621,35 kJ / kgmol
 B.4.9 Menentukan energi masuk pada aliran F 3B, Q 3B

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 3B
Q EB 3B = N EB 3B × ∆H EB 3B
= 8,08 kgmol / jam × 10.621,35 kJ / kgmol
= 85.827,57 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 3B, Q 3B

Q 3B = Q EB 3B
= 85.827,57 kJ / jam

Tabel B.15 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 3B, Q 3B

N 3B ∆H 3B Q 3B
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Ethylbenzene 8,08 10.621,35 85.827,57
Total 8,08 10.621,35 85.827,57

B.4.10 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 4B, N 4B

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 4B

F WMO 4B
N WMO 4B =
Mr WMO

171,58 kg/jam
=
350 kg/kgmol
= 0,49 kgmol / jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 4B, N 4AB

N 4B = N WMO 4B
= 0,49 kgmol / jam

B.4.11 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 4B, ∆H 4B

Perubahan entalpi white mineral oil, ∆H WMO 4B
T1A
∆ H WMO 4B = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 4B – T Ref ¿
¿ 584,50 KJ/Kmol.K × ( 303−298 ) K
¿ 32.147,50 KJ/Kmol
 Perubahan entalpi aliran F 4B, ∆H 4B
∆H 4B = ∆H WMO 4B
= 32.147,50 kJ / kgmol

B.4.12 Menentukan energi masuk pada aliran F 4B, Q 4B

Energi white mineral oil, Q WMO 4B

Q WMO 4B = F WMO 4B × ∆H WMO 4B
= 0,49 kgmol / jam × 32.147,50 kJ / kgmol
= 15.760,17 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 4B, Q 4B

Q 4B = Q WMO 4B
= 15.760,17 kJ / jam

Tabel B.16 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 4B, Q 4B

N 4B ∆H 4B Q 4B
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
White mineral oil 0,49 32.147,50 15.760,17
Total 0,49 32.147,50 kJ / jam
15.760,17
kJ / jam
B.4.13 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 5, N 5

Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP 5

F BP 5
N BP 5 =
Mr BP 5
4,28 kg/jam
=
242,23 kg/kgmol
= 0,02
kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 5

F PB 2
N TDM 5 =
Mr WMO
6,00 kg/jam
=
202,40 kg/kgmol

= 0,03 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 5

F DPD 5
N DPD 5 =
Mr DPD
58,33 kg/jam
=
733,03 kg/kgmol
= 0,08 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 5

F ZS 5
N ZS 5 =
Mr ZS
17,15 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,03 kgmol / jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 5, N 5

N5 = N BP 5 + N TDM 5 + N DPD 5 + N ZS 5
= 0,02 + 0,03 + 0,0800 + 0,03 kgmol / jam
= 0,15 kgmol / jam
B.4.11 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 5, ∆H 5

Perubahan entalpi benzoyl peroxide, ∆H BP 5

T1A
∆ H BP 5 = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 2 – T Ref ¿
¿ 454,39 KJ/Kmol.K × ( 303−298 ) K
¿ 2.271,95 KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi t-dodecyl mercaptan, ∆H TDM 5

T1 A
∆ H TDM 5 = ∫ Cpdt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 2 – T Ref ¿
¿ 442,81 KJ/Kmol.K × ( 303−298 ) K
¿ 2.214,05 KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, ∆H DPD 5

T 1A
∆ H DPD 5 = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 2 – T Ref ¿
¿ 471,83 KJ/Kmol.K × ( 303−298 ) K
¿ 2.359,15 KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi zinc stearate, ∆H ZS 5

T1A
∆ H ZS 5 = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 2 – T Ref ¿
¿ 526,97 KJ/Kmol.K × ( 353−298 ) K
¿ 2.634,85 KJ/Kmol
 Perubahan entalpi aliran F 5, ∆H 5
∆H 5 = ∆H BP 5 + ∆H TDM 5 + ∆H DPD 5 + ∆H ZS 5
= 24.989,8 + 24.354,55 + 25.950,65 + 28.983,35 kJ / kgmol
= 104.278,35 kJ / kgmol

B.4.12 Menentukan energi masuk pada aliran F 5, Q 5

Energi benzoyl peroxide, Q BP 5

Q BP 5 = F BP 5 × ∆H BP 5
= 0,02 kgmol / jam × 24.989,8 kJ / kgmol
= 442,54 kJ / jam

Energi t-dodecyl mercaptan, Q TDM 5

Q TDM 5 = F TDM 5 × ∆H TDM 5
= 0,03 kgmol / jam × 24.354,55 kJ / kgmol
= 722,63 kJ / jam

Energi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, Q DPD 5

Q DPD 5 = F DPD 5 × ∆H DPD 5
= 0,08 kgmol / jam × 2.214,05 kJ / kgmol
= 2065,32 kJ / jam

Energi zinc stearate, Q ZS 5

Q ZS 5 = F ZS 5 × ∆H ZS 5
= 0,03 kgmol / jam × 2.634,85 kJ / kgmol
= 786,47 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 5, Q 5

Q5 = Q BP 5 + Q TDM 5 + Q DPD 5 + Q ZS 5
= 442,54 + 722,63 + 2065,32 + 786,47 kJ / jam
= 4.016,97 kJ / jam
 Tabel B.16 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 5, Q 5
N5 ∆H 5 Q5
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Benzoyl peroxide 0,02 24.989,8 40,46
T-dodecyl mercaptan 0,03 24.354,55 66,07
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 0,08 25.950,65 188,83
Zinc stearate 0,02 28.983,35 71,91
Total 0,15 104.278,35 367,27

B.4.13 Menentukan laju alir keluar pada aliran F 6, N 6

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 6

F S6
N S6 =
Mr S

6.842,85 kg/jam
=
104,15 k g/kgmol

= 65,7 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB 6

F PB 6
N PB 6 =
Mr PB
600,55 kg/jam
=
54.091,60 kg/kgmol
= 0,0111
kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 6

F EB 6
N EB 6 =
Mr EB

878,52 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol
= 8,27 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP 6

F BP 6
N BP 6 =
Mr BP
 4,28 kg/jam
=
242,23 kgmol/jam

= 0,017 kmol/jam

Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 6

F TDM 6
N TDM 6 =
Mr TDM
6,00 kg/jam
=
202,40 kg/kgmol

= 0,0296 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 6

F DP D 6
N DPD 6 =
Mr DP D
58,33 kg/jam
=
733,03 kg/kgmol

= 0,0795 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 6

F WMO 6
N WMO 6 =
Mr WMO
171,58 kg/jam
=
350 kg/kgmol

= 0,4902 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 6

F ZS 6
N ZS 6 =
Mr ZS
17,15 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,0271 kgmol / jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 6, N 6

N6 = N S 6 + N PB 6 + N EB 6 +.N BP 6 + N TDM 6 + N DPD 6 + N WMO 6 + N ZS 6
= 65,7 + 0,0111 + 8,27 + 0,017 + 0,0296 + 0,0795
+ 0,4902 + 0,0271 kgmol / jam
= 74,6320 kgmol / jam
B.4.14 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 6, ∆H 6

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 6

T1 A
∆H S 6 = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿¿

¿ (−3,80191 ×10 × ( 393−298 ) ) +¿

¿ 18.344,86J/mol

¿ 18.344,86KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi polybutadiene, ∆H PB 6

T1A
∆ H PB 6 = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 2 – T Ref ¿
¿ 97.364,88 KJ/Kmol.K× ( 393−298 ) K
¿ 9.249 .663,60KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 6

T1 A
∆ H EB 6 = ∫ Cpdt
T ref

¿¿

¿ ( 4,31428× ( 393−298 ) ) + ¿

¿ 19.131,45J/mol

¿ 19.131,45KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi benzoyl peroxide, ∆H BP 6

T1A
∆ H BP 6 = ∫ Cpdt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 2 – T Ref ¿
¿ 454,39 KJ/Kmol.K × ( 303−298 ) K
¿ 43.167,05 KJ/Kmol
 Perubahan entalpi t-dodecyl mercaptan, ∆H TDM 6
T 1A
∆ H TDM 6 = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 2 – T Ref ¿
¿ 442,81 KJ/Kmol.K × ( 303−298 ) K
¿ 42.066,95 KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, ∆H DPD 6

T 1A
∆ H DPD 6 = ∫ Cp dt
T ref

¿ Cp× ¿T 2 – T Ref ¿
¿ 471,83 KJ/Kmol.K × ( 393−298 ) K
¿ 44.283,85 KJ/Kmol

Perubahan entalpi white mineral oil, ∆H WMO 6

T6
∆H WMO 6 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 6 – T Ref )
= 584,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi zinc stearate, ∆H ZS 6

T6
∆H ZS 6 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 6 – T Ref )
= 526,97 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 6, ∆H 6

∆H 6 = ∆H S 6 + ∆H PB 6 + ∆H EB 6 + ∆H BP 6 + ∆H TDM 6 + ∆H DPD 6
+ ∆H WMO 6 + ∆H ZS 6
= 18.344,86 + 9.249.663,60 + 19.131,45 + 43.167,05 + 42.066,95
+ 44.823,85 + 55.527,50 + 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol
= 9.522.787,15 kJ / kgmol

B.4.15 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 6, Q 6

Energi styrene, Q S 6
Q S6 = N S 6 × ∆H S 6
= 65,7 kgmol / jam × 18.344,86 kJ / kgmol
= 1.205.292,27 kJ / jam

Energi polybutadiene, Q PB 6
Q PB 6 = N PB 6 × ∆H PB 6
= 0,0111 kgmol / jam × 9.249.663,60 kJ / kgmol
= 102.694,25 kJ / jam
Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 6
Q EB 6 = N EB 6 × ∆H EB 6
= 8,27 kgmol / jam × 19.131,45 kJ / kgmol
= 158.305,14 kJ / jam

Energi benzoyl peroxide, Q BP 6

Q BP 6 = F BP 6 × ∆H BP 6
= 0,017 kgmol / jam × 43.167,05 kJ / kgmol
= 764,39 kJ / jam

Energi t-dodecyl mercaptan, Q TDM 6

Q TDM 6 = F TDM 6 × ∆H TDM 6
= 0,0296 kgmol / jam × 42.066,95 kJ / kgmol
= 1.248,18 kJ / jam

Energi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, Q DPD 6

Q DPD 6 = F DPD 6 × ∆H DPD 6
= 0,0795 kgmol / jam × 44.823,85 kJ / kgmol
= 3.567,67 kJ / jam

Energi white mineral oil, Q WMO 6

Q WMO 6 = F WMO 6 × ∆H WMO 6
= 0,4902 kgmol / jam × 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol
= 27.222,12 kJ / jam

Energi zinc stearate, Q ZS 6

Q ZS 6 = F ZS 6 × ∆H ZS 6
= 0,0271 kgmol / jam × 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol
= 1.358,46 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 6, Q 6

Q6 = Q S 6 + Q PB 6 + Q EB 6 + Q BP 6 + Q TDM 6 + Q DPD 6
+ Q WMO 6 + Q ZS 6
 = 1.215.840,97 + 103.282,25 + 155.481,11 + 768,82 + 1.255,34
+ 3.587,80 + 27.377,99 + 1.366,34 kJ / jam
= 1.500.452,2 kJ / jam

Tabel B.17 Rangkuman neraca energi keluar pada aliran F 6, Q 6

N6 ∆H 6 Q6
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 65,7 18.344,86 1.205.292,27
Polybutadiene 0,0111 9.249.663,60 102.694,25
Ethylbenzene 8,27 19.131,45 158.305,14
Benzoyl peroxide 0,017 43.167,05 764,39
T-dodecyl mercaptan 0,0296 42.066,95 1.255,34
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 0,0795 44.823,85 3.587,80
White mineral oil 0,4902 55.527,50 27.377,99
Zinc stearate 0,0271 50.062,15 1.366,34
Total 74,6320 9.522.787,15 1.500.452,2

B.4.16 Menentukan perubahan energi, ∆Q

Diketahui :
Total energi masuk aliran F 1, Q 1 = 672.862,53 kJ / jam
Total energi masuk aliran F 2, Q 2 = 5.355.068,4 kJ / jam
Total energi masuk aliran F 3, Q 3 = 85.827,57 kJ / jam
Total energi masuk aliran F 4, Q 4 = 15.760,17 kJ / jam
Total energi masuk aliran F 5, Q 5 = 4.016,97 kJ / jam
Total energi keluar aliran F 6, Q 6 = 1.500.452,2 kJ / jam

Perubahan energi, ∆Q
∆Q = Q6–(Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4 +Q5)
= 1.500.452,2 kJ / jam – ( 672.862,53 + 5.355.068,4 + 85.827,57
+ 15.760,17 + 4.016,97 ) kJ / jam
= 662.530,4 kJ / jam
B.4.17 Menentukan kebutuhan steam, ṁ steam
Diketahui :
Tekanan steam, P steam = 792,02 kPa
Temperatur steam, T steam = 170,00 °C
Entalpi saturated liquid, H L = 719,10 kJ / kg
Entalpi saturated vapor, H V = 2.767,10 kJ / kg
Perubahan energi, ∆Q = 724.313,81 kJ / jam

Panas laten, λ steam

λ steam = H L – H V
= 2.767,10 kJ / kg – 719,10 kJ / kg
= 2.048,00 kJ / kg

Laju alir steam, ṁ steam

∆Q
ṁ steam =
λ steam
662.530,4 kJ / jam
=
2.048,00 kJ / kg
= 323,5 kg / jam

Energi steam, Q steam

Q steam = ṁ steam × H V
= 323,5 kg / jam × 2.767,10 kJ / kg
= 859.160,06 kJ / kg

Energi condensate, Q condensate

Q condensate = ṁ steam × H L
= 323,5 kg / jam × 719,10 kJ / kg
= 232.629,7 kJ / kg
Tabel B.18 Rangkuman neraca energi dissolver ( DS – 101 )
Aliran Energi ( kJ / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
Q in Q out
Styrene 672.862,53 1.205.292,27
Polybutadiene 59.454,56 102.694,25
Ethylbenzene 85.827,57 158.305,14
Benzoyl peroxide 442,46 764,39
T-dodecyl mercaptan 722,63 1.255,34
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 2.065,3 3.587,80
White mineral oil 15.760,17 27.377,99
Zinc stearate 786,47 1.366,34
Steam 859.160,06 0,00
Condensate 0,00 232.629,7
Total 1.763.283,79 1.763.283,79

B.5 Neraca Energi Reactor ( R – 101 )

QW
T = 26 °C

T = 120 °C T = 120 °C

Q6 REACTOR Q7
S S
PB PB
EB EB
BP BP
TDM TDM
DPD DPD
WMO QW WMO
ZS ZS
T = 45 °C
PS
HIPS

Gambar B.5 Aliran neraca energi reactor ( R – 101 )

 B-41

Tabel B.19 Rangkuman neraca massa reactor ( R – 101 )

Aliran Masuk ( kg / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
F6 F7
Styrene 6.842,85 3.763,56
Polybutadiene 600,55 480,60
Ethylbenzene 878,52 878,52
Benzoyl peroxide 4,28 4,28
T-dodecyl mercaptan 6,00 6,00
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 58,33 58,33
White mineral oil 171,58 171,58
Zinc stearate 17,15 17,15
Polystyrene 0,00 1.693,60
High impact polystyrene 0,00 1.505,62
Total 8.579,30 8.579,30

B.5.1 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 6, N 6

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 6

FS6
N S6 =
Mr S

6.842,85 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 65,7 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB 6

F ZS 5 6
N ZS 6 =
Mr ZS

600,55 kg/jam
=
54.091,60 kg/kgmol

= 0,0111 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 6

F EB 6
N EB 6 =
Mr EB
B-42
 878,52 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol

= 8,27 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP 6

F BP 6
N BP 6 =
Mr BP
4,31 kg/jam
=
242,23 kg/kgmol

= 0,0177 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 6

F TDM 6
N TDM 6 =
Mr TDM
6,04 kg/jam
=
202,40 kg/kgmol
= 0,0296 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 6

F DP D 6
N DPD 6 =
Mr DPD
56,67 kg/jam
=
733,03 kg/kgmol

= 0,079 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 6

F WMO 6
N WMO 6 =
Mr WMO

172,57 kg/jam
=
350 kg/kgmol
= 0,49
kgmol / jam
 Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 6

F ZS 6
N ZS 6 =
Mr ZS

17,26 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol
= 0,0271 kgmol / jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 6, N 6

N6 = N S 6 + N PB 6 + N EB 6 +.N BP 6 + N TDM 6 + N DPD 6 + N WMO 6 + N ZS 6
= 65,7 + 0,0111 + 8,27 + 0,017 + 0,0296 + 0,0795
+ 0,4902 + 0,0271 kgmol / jam
= 74,6320 kgmol / jam

B.5.2 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 6, ∆H 6

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 6

T6
∆H S 6 = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 6 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 6 – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 6 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 6 – T Ref ) )
3 4
1
= ( – 3,80191 × 10 × ( 393 – 298 ) )
1,19721 2
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
2
– 2,19565 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 393 – 298 ) )
3
1,93312 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
4
= 18.344,86 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi polybutadiene, ∆H PB 6

T6
∆H PB 6 = Cp dT
T Ref
 = Cp × ( T 6 – T Ref )
= 97.364,88 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 9.249.663,60 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 6

T6
∆H EB 6 = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 6 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 6 – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 6 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 6 – T Ref ) )
3 4
= ( 4,31428 × ( 393 – 298 ) )
9,0017 × 10 – 1 2
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
2
– 1,45005 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 393 – 298 ) )
3
1,43360 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
4
= 19.131,45 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi benzoyl peroxide, ∆H BP 6

T6
∆H BP 6 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 6 – T Ref )
= 454,39 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 43.167,05 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi t-dodecyl mercaptan, ∆H TDM 6

T6
∆H TDM 6 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 6 – T Ref )
= 442,81 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 42.066,95 kJ / kgmol
 Perubahan entalpi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, ∆H DPD 6
T6
∆H DPD 6 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 6 – T Ref )
= 471,83 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 44.823,85 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi white mineral oil, ∆H WMO 6

T6
∆H WMO 6 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 6 – T Ref )
= 584,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi zinc stearate, ∆H ZS 6

T6
∆H ZS 6 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 6 – T Ref )
= 526,97 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 6, ∆H 6

∆H 6 = ∆H S 6 + ∆H PB 6 + ∆H EB 6 + ∆H BP 6 + ∆H TDM 6 + ∆H DPD 6
+ ∆H WMO 6 + ∆H ZS 6
= 18.344,86 + 9.249.663,60 + 19.131,45 + 43.167,05 + 42.066,95
+ 44.823,85 + 55.527,50 + 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol
= 9.522.787,15 kJ / kgmol

Tabel B.21 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 6, Q 6

N6 ∆H 6 Q6
Komponen
 kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 65,7 18.344,86 1.205.292,27
Polybutadiene 0,0111 9.249.663,60 102.694,25
Ethylbenzene 8,27 19.131,45 158.305,14
Benzoyl peroxide 0,017 43.167,05 764,39
T-dodecyl mercaptan 0,0296 42.066,95 1.255,34
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 0,0795 44.823,85 3.587,80
White mineral oil 0,4902 55.527,50 27.377,99
Zinc stearate 0,0271 50.062,15 1.366,34
Total 75,0631 9.522.787,15 1.508.960,52

B.5.1 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 7, N 7

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 7

FS7
N S7 =
Mr S

3.763,56 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 36,13 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB 7

F PB 7
N PB 7 =
Mr PB

480,60 kg/jam
=
54.091,60 kg/kgmol

= 0,008 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 7.

F EB 7
N EB 7 =
Mr EB
 878,52 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol

= 8,27 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP 7

F BP 7
N BP 7 =
Mr BP
4,28 kg/jam
=
242,23 kg/kgmol

= 0,0177 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 7

F TDM 6
N TDM 7 =
Mr TDM
6,0 kg/jam
=
202,40 kg/kgmol
= 0,0296 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 7

F DP D 7
N DPD 7 =
Mr DPD
58,33 kg/jam
=
733,03 kg/kgmol

= 0,079 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 6

F WMO 7
N WMO 7 =
Mr WMO

171,58 kg/jam
=
350 kg/kgmol
= 0,49
kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 7

F ZS 7
N ZS 7 =
Mr ZS

17,15 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,027 kgmol/jam

Laju alir komponen polystyrene, N PS 7

F PS 7
N PS 7 =
Mr PS

1.708,43 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,0055 kgmol/jam

Laju alir komponen high impact polystyrene, N ZS 7

F HIPS 7
N HIPS 7 =
Mr HIPS

1.518,80 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,0022 kgmol/jam

Laju alir keluar pada aliran F 7, N 7

N7 = N S 7 + N PB 7 + N EB 7 +.N BP 7 + N TDM 7 + N DPD 7 + N WMO 7
+ N ZS 7 + N PS 7 + N HIPS 7
 = 65,7 + 0,0111 + 8,27 + 0,017 + 0,0296 + 0,0795
+ 0,4902 + 0,0271 + 0,0054 + 0,0022 kgmol / jam
= 45,0716 kgmol / jam

B.5.5 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 7, ∆H 7

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 7

T7
∆H S 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 7 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) )
3 4
1
= ( – 3,80191 × 10 × ( 393 – 298 ) )
1,19721 2
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
2
– 2,19565 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 393 – 298 ) )
3
1,93312 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
4
= 18.344,86 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi polybutadiene, ∆H PB 7

T7
∆H PB 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 97.364,88 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 9.249.663,60 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 6

T7
∆H EB 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 7 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) )
2
 c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) )
3 4
= ( 4,31428 × ( 393 – 298 ) )
9,0017 × 10 – 1 2
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
2
– 1,45005 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 393 – 298 ) )
3
1,43360 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
4
= 19.131,45 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi benzoyl peroxide, ∆H BP 7

T7
∆H BP 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 454,39 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 43.167,05 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi t-dodecyl mercaptan, ∆H TDM 7

T7
∆H TDM 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 442,81 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 42.066,95 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, ∆H DPD 7

T7
∆H DPD 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 471,83 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 44.823,85 kJ / kgmol
Perubahan entalpi white mineral oil, ∆H WMO 7
T7
∆H WMO 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 584,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi zinc stearate, ∆H ZS 7

T7
∆H ZS 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 526,97 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi polystyrene, ∆H PS 7

T7
∆H PS 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 390.562,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 37.103.437,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi high impact polystyrene, ∆H HIPS 7

T7
∆H HIPS 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 950.588,24 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 90.305.882,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 7, ∆H 7

∆H 7 = ∆H S 7 + ∆H PB 7 + ∆H EB 7 + ∆H BP 7 + ∆H TDM 7 + ∆H DPD 7
+ ∆H WMO 7 + ∆H ZS 7 + ∆H PS 7 + ∆H HIS 7
= 18.344,86 + 9.249.663,60 + 19.131,45 + 43.167,05 + 42.066,95
+ 44.823,85 + 55.527,50 + 50.062,15 + 37.103.437
+ 90.305.882,50 kJ / kgmol
 = 136.932.107,71 kJ / kgmol

B.5.6 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 7, Q 7

Energi styrene, Q S 7
Q S7 = N S 7 × ∆H S 7
= 36,136 kgmol / jam × 18.344,86 kJ / kgmol
= 662.910,74 kJ / jam

Energi polybutadiene, Q PB 7
Q PB 7 = N PB 7 × ∆H PB 7
= 0,0089 kgmol / jam × 9.249.663,60 kJ / kgmol
= 82.183,69 kJ / jam

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 7
Q EB 7 = N EB 7 × ∆H EB 7
= 8,1270 kgmol / jam × 19.131,45 kJ / kgmol
= 158.305,14 kJ / jam

Energi benzoyl peroxide, Q BP 7

Q BP 7 = F BP 7 × ∆H BP 7
= 0,0178 kgmol / jam × 43.167,05 kJ / kgmol
= 764,39 kJ / jam

Energi t-dodecyl mercaptan, Q TDM 7

Q TDM 7 = F TDM 7 × ∆H TDM 7
= 0,0298 kgmol / jam × 42.066,95 kJ / kgmol
= 1.248,18 kJ / jam

Energi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, Q DPD 7

Q DPD 7 = F DPD 7 × ∆H DPD 7
= 0,0800 kgmol / jam × 44.823,85 kJ / kgmol
= 3.567,37 kJ / jam
Energi white mineral oil, Q WMO 7
Q WMO 7 = F WMO 7 × ∆H WMO 7
= 0,4931 kgmol / jam × 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol
= 27.222,12 kJ / jam

Energi zinc stearate, Q ZS 7

Q ZS 7 = F ZS 7 × ∆H ZS 7
= 0,0273 kgmol / jam × 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol
= 1.358,46 kJ / jam

Energi polystyrene, Q PS 7
Q PS 7 = F PS 7 × ∆H PS 7
= 0,0055 kgmol / jam × 37.103.437,50 kJ / kgmol
= 201.115,69 kJ / jam

Energi high impact polystyrene, Q HIPS 7

Q HIPS 7 = F HIPS 7 × ∆H HIPS 7
= 0,0022 kgmol / jam × 90.305.882,80 kJ / kgmol
= 200.247,76 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 7, Q 7

Q7 = Q S 7 + Q PB 7 + Q EB 7 + Q BP 7 + Q TDM 7 + Q DPD 7
+ Q WMO 7 + Q ZS 7 + Q PS 7 + Q HIPS 7
= 662.910,74 + 82.183,69+ 158.305,14 + 764,39 + 1.248,18
+ 3.587,80 + 27.222,12 + 1.358,46 + 201.115,69
+ 200.247,76 kJ / jam
= 1.338.923,59 kJ / jam
Tabel B.21 Rangkuman neraca energi keluar pada aliran F 7, Q 7
∆H 7 Q7
Komponen
kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 18.344,86 662.910,74
Polybutadiene 9.249.663,60 82.183,69
Ethylbenzene 19.131,45 158.305,14
Benzoyl peroxide 43.167,05 764,39
T-dodecyl mercaptan 42.066,95 1.248,18
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 44.823,85 3.587,80
White mineral oil 55.527,50 27.222,12
Zinc stearate 50.062,15 1.358,46
Polystyrene 37.103.437,50 201.115,69
High impact polystyrene 90.305.882,80 200.247,76
Total 136.932.107,71 1.338.923,59

B.5.7 Menentukan panas reaksi, Qr

Diketahui :
Heat of polymerization high impact polystyrene, ∆H p = – 20,20 kcal / mol
The end effect of monomer ( styrene ), δ = 0,80 kcal / mol
n untuk styrene, n = 8
Laju alir masuk styrene, F S 6 = 6.902,74 kg / jam
Laju alir keluar styrene, F S 7 = 3.796,51 kg / jam
Berat molekul styrene, Mr S = 104, 15 kg / kgmol

Heat of formation high impact polystyrene, ∆H f

∆H f = ∆H p × ( 1 – ( 1 / n ) – δ )
= – 20,20 kcal / mol × ( 1 – ( 1 / 8 ) – 0,80 kcal / mol )
= – 1,52 kcal / mol
= – 6.338,76 kJ / kgmol

Laju alir styrene yang terkonversi, N S

F S6 – F S7
NS =
Mr S

6.902,74 kg / jam – 3.796,51 kg / jam

=
104,15 kg / kgmol
= 29,8246 kgmol / jam
 Heat of reaction, Q r
Qr = ∆H f × N S
= – 6.338,76 kJ / kgmol × 29,8246 kgmol / jam
= – 189.051,05 kJ / jam

B.5.8 Menentukan perubahan energi, ∆Q

Diketahui :
Total energi masuk aliran F 6, Q 6 = 1.508.960,52 kJ / jam
Total energi keluar aliran F 7, Q 7 = 1.346.018,20 kJ / jam
Heat of reaction, Q r = – 189.051,05 kJ / jam

Perubahan energi, ∆Q
∆Q = (Q7–Q6)+Qr
= ( 1.346.018,20 – 1.508.960,52 ) + ( – 189.051,05 ) kJ / jam
= – 351.993,37 kJ / jam

B.5.9 Menentukan kebutuhan air pendingin, ṁ water

Diketahui :
Tekanan air pendingin, P water = 101,325 kPa
Temperatur inlet air pendingin, T in = 26 °C ( 299 K )
Temperatur outlet air pendingin, T out = 45 °C ( 318 K )
Temperatur referensi, T ref = 25 °C ( 298 K )
Kapasitas panas air, Cp = 4,182 kJ / kg . K
Perubahan energi, ∆Q = 351.993,37 kJ / jam

Perubahan entalpi air pendingin, ∆H water

T out
∆H water = Cp dT
T in
= Cp × ( T out – T in )
= 4,182 kJ / kg . K × ( 318 – 299 ) K
= 79,46 kJ / kgmol
 Laju alir air pendingin, ṁ water
∆Q
ṁ water =
∆H
351.993,37 kJ / jam
=
79,46 kJ / kg
= 4.429,93 kg / jam

Energi pada aliran masuk air pendingin, Q water in

Q water in = ṁ water × Cp × ( T in – T ref )
= 4.429,93 kg / jam × 79,46 kJ / kg × ( 299 – 298 ) K
= 18.525,97 kJ / jam

Energi pada aliran keluar air pendingin, Q water out

Q water in = ṁ water × Cp × ( T out – T ref )
= 4.429,93 kg / jam × 79,46 kJ / kg × ( 318 – 298 ) K
= 370.519,34 kJ / jam

Tabel B.22 Rangkuman neraca energi reactor ( R – 101 )

Aliran Energi ( kJ / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
Q in Q out
Styrene 1.205.292,27 662.910,74
Polybutadiene 102.694,25 82.183,69
Ethylbenzene 158.305,14 158.305,14
Benzoyl peroxide 764,39 764,39
T-dodecyl mercaptan 1.255,34 1.248,18
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 3.587,80 3.587,80
White mineral oil 27.377,99 27.222,12
Zinc stearate 1.366,34 1.358,46
Polystyrene 0,00 201.115,69
High impact polystyrene 0,00 200.247,76
Heat of reaction 0,00 – 189.051,05
Water 18.365,23 370.519,34
Total 1.518.817,5 1.518.817,5
B.6 Neraca Energi Reactor ( R – 102 )

QW
T = 26 °C

T = 120 °C T = 120 °C

Q7 REACTOR Q8
S S
PB PB
EB EB
BP BP
TDM TDM
DPD DPD
WMO QW WMO
ZS ZS
PS T = 45 °C
PS
HIPS HIPS

Gambar B.6 Aliran neraca energi reactor ( R – 102 )

Tabel B.23 Rangkuman neraca massa reactor ( R – 102 )

Aliran Masuk ( kg / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
F7 F8
Styrene 3.763,56 188,17
Polybutadiene 480,60 47,32
Ethylbenzene 878,52 878,52
Benzoyl peroxide 4,28 4,28
T-dodecyl mercaptan 6,00 6,00
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 58,33 58,33
White mineral oil 171,58 171,58
Zinc stearate 17,15 17,15
Polystyrene 1.693,60 265,74
High impact polystyrene 1.505,62 6944,44
Total 8.579,30 8.579,30
 B-41

B.6.1 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 7, N 7

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 7

FS7
N S7 =
Mr S

3.763,56 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 36,13 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB 7

F PB 7
N PB 7 =
Mr PB

480,60 kg/jam
=
54.091,60 kg/kgmol

= 0,008 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 7.

F EB 7
N EB 7 =
Mr EB
 878,52 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol

= 8,27 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP 7

F BP 7
N BP 7 =
Mr BP
4,28 kg/jam
=
242,23 kg/kgmol

= 0,0177 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 7

F TDM 6
N TDM 7 =
Mr TDM
6,0 kg/jam
=
202,40 kg/kgmol
= 0,0296 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 7

F DP D 7
N DPD 7 =
Mr DPD
58,33 kg/jam
=
733,03 kg/kgmol

= 0,079 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 6

F WMO 7
N WMO 7 =
Mr WMO

171,58 kg/jam
=
350 kg/kgmol
= 0,49
kgmol / jam
 Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 7

F ZS 7
N ZS 7 =
Mr ZS

17,15 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,027 kgmol/jam

Laju alir komponen polystyrene, N PS 7

F PS 7
N PS 7 =
Mr PS

1.708,43 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,0055 kgmol/jam

Laju alir komponen high impact polystyrene, N ZS 7

F HIPS 7
N HIPS 7 =
Mr HIPS

1.518,80 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,0022 kgmol/jam

Laju alir keluar pada aliran F 7, N 7

N7 = N S 7 + N PB 7 + N EB 7 +.N BP 7 + N TDM 7 + N DPD 7 + N WMO 7
+ N ZS 7 + N PS 7 + N HIPS 7

= 65,7 + 0,0111 + 8,27 + 0,017 + 0,0296 + 0,0795

+ 0,4902 + 0,0271 + 0,0054 + 0,0022 kgmol / jam
= 45,0716 kgmol / jam

B.6.2 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 7, ∆H 7

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 7

T7
∆H S 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
b
= ( a × ( T 7 – T Ref ) ) + (
 2
c × ( T 7 – T Ref ) )
2

3 d 4
+( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) )
3 4
1
= ( – 3,80191 × 10 × ( 393 – 298 ) )
1,19721 2
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
2
– 2,19565 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 393 – 298 ) )
3
1,93312 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
4
= 18.344,86 kJ / kgmol
Perubahan entalpi polybutadiene, ∆H PB 7
T7
∆H PB 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 97.364,88 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 9.249.663,60 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 7

T7
∆H EB 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 7 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 7 – T Ref ) )
3 4
= ( 4,31428 × ( 393 – 298 ) )
9,0017 × 10 – 1 2
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
2
– 1,45005 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 393 – 298 ) )
3
1,43360 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
4
= 19.131,45 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi benzoyl peroxide, ∆H BP 7

T7
∆H BP 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 454,39 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 43.167,05 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi t-dodecyl mercaptan, ∆H TDM 7

T7
∆H TDM 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
 = 442,81 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 42.066,95 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, ∆H DPD 7

T7
∆H DPD 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 471,83 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 44.823,85 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi white mineral oil, ∆H WMO 7

T7
∆H WMO 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 584,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi zinc stearate, ∆H ZS 7

T7
∆H ZS 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 526,97 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi polystyrene, ∆H PS 7

T7
∆H PS 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 390.562,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 37.103.437,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi high impact polystyrene, ∆H HIPS 7

T7
∆H HIPS 7 = Cp dT
T Ref
 = Cp × ( T 7 – T Ref )
= 950.588,24 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 90.305.882,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 7, ∆H 7

∆H 7 = ∆H S 7 + ∆H PB 7 + ∆H EB 7 + ∆H BP 7 + ∆H TDM 7 + ∆H DPD 7
+ ∆H WMO 7 + ∆H ZS 7
= 18.344,86 + 9.249.663,60 + 19.131,45 + 43.167,05 + 42.066,95
+ 44.823,85 + 55.527,50 + 50.062,15 + 37.103.437
+ 90.305.882,50 kJ / kgmol
= 136.932.107,71 kJ / kgmol

B.6.3 Menentukan energi masuk pada aliran F 7, Q 7

Energi styrene, Q S 7
Q S7 = N S 7 × ∆H S 7
= 36,136 kgmol / jam × 18.344,86 kJ / kgmol
= 662.910,74 kJ / jam

Energi polybutadiene, Q PB 7
Q PB 7 = N PB 7 × ∆H PB 7
= 0,0089 kgmol / jam × 9.249.663,60 kJ / kgmol
= 82.183,69 kJ / jam

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 7
Q EB 7 = N EB 7 × ∆H EB 7
= 8,1270 kgmol / jam × 19.131,45 kJ / kgmol
= 158.305,14 kJ / jam

Energi benzoyl peroxide, Q BP 7

Q BP 7 = F BP 7 × ∆H BP 7
= 0,0178 kgmol / jam × 43.167,05 kJ / kgmol
= 764,39 kJ / jam
Energi t-dodecyl mercaptan, Q TDM 7
Q TDM 7 = F TDM 7 × ∆H TDM 7
= 0,0298 kgmol / jam × 42.066,95 kJ / kgmol
= 1.248,18 kJ / jam

Energi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, Q DPD 7

Q DPD 7 = F DPD 7 × ∆H DPD 7
= 0,0800 kgmol / jam × 44.823,85 kJ / kgmol
= 3.567,37 kJ / jam
Energi white mineral oil, Q WMO 7
Q WMO 7 = F WMO 7 × ∆H WMO 7
= 0,4931 kgmol / jam × 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol
= 27.222,12 kJ / jam

Energi zinc stearate, Q ZS 7

Q ZS 7 = F ZS 7 × ∆H ZS 7
= 0,0273 kgmol / jam × 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol
= 1.358,46 kJ / jam

Energi polystyrene, Q PS 7
Q PS 7 = F PS 7 × ∆H PS 7
= 0,0055 kgmol / jam × 37.103.437,50 kJ / kgmol
= 201.115,69 kJ / jam

Energi high impact polystyrene, Q HIPS 7

Q HIPS 7 = F HIPS 7 × ∆H HIPS 7
= 0,0022 kgmol / jam × 90.305.882,80 kJ / kgmol
= 200.247,76 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 7, Q 7

Q7 = Q S 7 + Q PB 7 + Q EB 7 + Q BP 7 + Q TDM 7 + Q DPD 7
+ Q WMO 7 + Q ZS 7 + Q PS 7 + Q HIPS 7
= 662.910,74 + 82.183,69+ 158.305,14 + 764,39 + 1.248,18
+ 3.587,80 + 27.222,12 + 1.358,46 + 201.115,69
+ 200.247,76 kJ / jam
= 1.338.923,59 kJ / jam
 B-41

Tabel B.24 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 7, Q 7

∆H 7 Q7
Komponen
kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 18.344,86 662.910,74
Polybutadiene 9.249.663,60 82.183,69
Ethylbenzene 19.131,45 158.305,14
Benzoyl peroxide 43.167,05 764,39
T-dodecyl mercaptan 42.066,95 1.248,18
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 44.823,85 3.587,80
White mineral oil 55.527,50 27.222,12
Zinc stearate 50.062,15 1.358,46
Polystyrene 37.103.437,50 201.115,69
High impact polystyrene 90.305.882,80 200.247,76
Total 136.932.107,71 1.338.923,59

B.6.4 Menentukan laju alir keluar pada aliran F 8, N 8

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 8

FS8
N S8 =
Mr S

188,17 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 1,80 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB 8

F PB 8
N PB 8 =
Mr PB

47,32 kg/jam
=
54.091,60 kg/kgmol

= 0,0009 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 8.

F EB 8
N EB 8 =
Mr EB
 878,52 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol

= 8,27 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP 8

F BP 8
N BP 8 =
Mr BP
4,28 kg/jam
=
242,23 kg/kgmol

= 0,0177 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 8

F TDM 8
N TDM 8 =
Mr TDM
6,0 kg/jam
=
202,40 kg/kgmol
= 0,0296 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 8

F DP D 8
N DPD 8 =
Mr DPD
58,33 kg/jam
=
733,03 kg/kgmol

= 0,079 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 8

F WMO 8
N WMO 8 =
Mr WMO

171,58 kg/jam
=
350 kg/kgmol
= 0,49
kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 8

F ZS 8
N ZS 8 =
Mr ZS

17,15 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,027 kgmol/jam

Laju alir komponen polystyrene, N PS 8

F PS 8
N PS 8 =
Mr PS

263,44 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,0008 kgmol/jam

Laju alir komponen high impact polystyrene, N ZS 8

F HIPS 8
N HIPS 8 =
Mr HIPS

6.944,44 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,0102 kgmol/jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 8, N 8

N8 = N S 8 + N PB 8 + N EB 8 +.N BP 8 + N TDM 8 + N DPD 8 + N WMO 8
+ N ZS 8 + N PS 8 + N HIPS 8
= 1,80 + 0,0009 + 8,270 + 0,0177 + 0,0296 + 0,079
+ 0,490 + 0,027 + 0,0008 + 0,0102 kgmol / jam
 = 10,7378 kgmol / jam

B.6.5 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 8, ∆H 8

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 8

T8
∆H S 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 8 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) )
3 4
1
= ( – 3,80191 × 10 × ( 393 – 298 ) )
1,19721 2
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
2
– 2,19565 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 393 – 298 ) )
3
1,93312 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
4
= 18.344,86 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi polybutadiene, ∆H PB 8

T8
∆H PB 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 97.364,88 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 9.249.663,60 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 8

T8
∆H EB 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 8 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) )
3 4
 = ( 4,31428 × ( 393 – 298 ) )
9,0017 × 10 – 1 2
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
2
– 1,45005 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 393 – 298 ) )
3
1,43360 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
4
= 19.131,45 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi benzoyl peroxide, ∆H BP 8

T8
∆H BP 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 454,39 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 43.167,05 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi t-dodecyl mercaptan, ∆H TDM 8

T8
∆H TDM 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 442,81 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 42.066,95 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, ∆H DPD 8

T8
∆H DPD 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 471,83 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 44.823,85 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi white mineral oil, ∆H WMO 8

T8
∆H WMO 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
 = 584,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi zinc stearate, ∆H ZS 8

T8
∆H ZS 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 526,97 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi polystyrene, ∆H PS 8

T8
∆H PS 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 390.562,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 37.103.437,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi high impact polystyrene, ∆H HIPS 8

T8
∆H HIPS 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 950.588,24 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 90.305.882,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 8, ∆H 8

∆H 8 = ∆H S 8 + ∆H PB 8 + ∆H EB 8 + ∆H BP 8 + ∆H TDM 8 + ∆H DPD 8
+ ∆H WMO 8 + ∆H ZS 8
= 18.344,86 + 9.249.663,60 + 19.131,45 + 43.167,05 + 42.066,95
+ 44.823,85 + 55.527,50 + 50.062,15 + 37.103.437
+ 90.305.882,50 kJ / kgmol
= 136.932.107,71 kJ / kgmol
B.6.6 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 8, Q 8

Energi styrene, Q S 8
Q S8 = N S 8 × ∆H S 8
= 1,8068 kgmol / jam × 18.344,86 kJ / kgmol
= 33.145,53 kJ / jam

Energi polybutadiene, Q PB 8
Q PB 8 = N PB 8 × ∆H PB 8
= 0,0009 kgmol / jam × 9.249.663,60 kJ / kgmol
= 8.092,44 kJ / jam

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 8
Q EB 8 = N EB 8 × ∆H EB 8
= 8,274 kgmol / jam × 19.131,45 kJ / kgmol
= 158.305,14 kJ / jam

Energi benzoyl peroxide, Q BP 8

Q BP 8 = F BP 8 × ∆H BP 8
= 0,0177 kgmol / jam × 43.167,05 kJ / kgmol
= 764,39 kJ / jam

Energi t-dodecyl mercaptan, Q TDM 8

Q TDM 8 = F TDM 8 × ∆H TDM 8
= 0,0297 kgmol / jam × 42.066,95 kJ / kgmol
= 1.248,18 kJ / jam

Energi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, Q DPD 8

Q DPD 8 = F DPD 8 × ∆H DPD 8
= 0,0790 kgmol / jam × 44.823,85 kJ / kgmol
= 3.567,37 kJ / jam
Energi white mineral oil, Q WMO 8
Q WMO 8 = F WMO 8 × ∆H WMO 8
= 0,4902 kgmol / jam × 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol
= 27.222,12 kJ / jam

Energi zinc stearate, Q ZS 8

Q ZS 8 = F ZS 8 × ∆H ZS 8
= 0,0271 kgmol / jam × 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol
= 1.358,46 kJ / jam

Energi polystyrene, Q PS 8
Q PS 8 = F PS 8 × ∆H PS 8
= 0,0008 kgmol / jam × 37.103.437,50 kJ / kgmol
= 31.284,66 kJ / jam

Energi high impact polystyrene, Q HIPS 8

Q HIPS 8 = F HIPS 8 × ∆H HIPS 8
= 0,0102 kgmol / jam × 90.305.882,80 kJ / kgmol
= 923.611,92 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 8, Q 8

Q8 = Q S 8 + Q PB 8 + Q EB 8 + Q BP 8 + Q TDM 8 + Q DPD 8
+ Q WMO 8 + Q ZS 8 + Q PS 8 + Q HIPS 8
= 33.145,53 + 8.092,44 + 158.305,14 + 764,39 + 1.248,18
+ 3.567,37 + 27.222,12 + 1.358,46 + 31.284,66
+ 923.611,92 kJ / jam
= 1.188.600,26 kJ / jam
Tabel B.25 Rangkuman neraca energi keluar pada aliran F 8, Q 8
∆H 8 Q8
Komponen
kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 668.712,5 33.145,53
Polybutadiene 9.249.663,60 8.092,44
Ethylbenzene 19.131,45 158.305,1
Benzoyl peroxide 43.167,05 764,394
T-dodecyl mercaptan 42.066,95 1.248,18
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 44.823,85 3.567,37
White mineral oil 55.527,50 27.222,12
Zinc stearate 50.062,15 1.358,46
Polystyrene 37.103.437,50 31.284,66
High impact polystyrene 90.305.882,80 923.611,9
Total 136.932.107,71 2
1.188.600,26

B.6.7 Menentukan panas reaksi, Qr

Diketahui :
Heat of polymerization high impact polystyrene, ∆H p = – 20,20 kcal / mol
The end effect of monomer ( styrene ), δ = 0,80 kcal / mol
n untuk styrene, n = 8
Laju alir masuk styrene, F S 7 = 3.796,51 kg / jam
Laju alir keluar styrene, F S 8 = 189,83 kg / jam
Berat molekul styrene, Mr S = 104, 15 kg / kgmol

Heat of formation high impact polystyrene, ∆H f

∆H f = ∆H p × ( 1 – ( 1 / n ) – δ )
= – 20,20 kcal / mol × ( 1 – ( 1 / 8 ) – 0,80 kcal / mol )
= – 1,52 kcal / mol
= – 6.338,76 kJ / kgmol

Laju alir styrene yang terkonversi, N S

F S7 – F S8
NS =
Mr S

3.763,56 kg / jam – 188,17 kg / jam

=
104,15 kg / kgmol
= 34,3292 kgmol / jam
 Heat of reaction, Q r
Qr = ∆H f × N S
= – 6.338,76 kJ / kgmol × 34,3292 kgmol / jam
= – 217.605 kJ / jam

B.6.8 Menentukan perubahan energi, ∆Q

Diketahui :
Total energi masuk aliran F 7, Q 7 = 1.338.923,59 kJ / jam
Total energi keluar aliran F 8, Q 8 = 1.188.600,26 kJ / jam
Heat of reaction, Q r = – 217.605 kJ / jam

Perubahan energi, ∆Q
∆Q = (Q8–Q7)+Qr
= ( 1.188.600,26 – 1.338.923,59 ) + ( – 217.605 ) kJ / jam
= – 367.928,1 kJ / jam

B.6.9 Menentukan kebutuhan air pendingin, ṁ water

Diketahui :
Tekanan air pendingin, P water = 101,325 kPa
Temperatur inlet air pendingin, T in = 26 °C ( 299 K )
Temperatur outlet air pendingin, T out = 45 °C ( 318 K )
Temperatur referensi, T ref = 25 °C ( 298 K )
Kapasitas panas air, Cp = 4,182 kJ / kg . K
Perubahan energi, ∆Q = – 367.928,1 kJ / jam

Perubahan entalpi air pendingin, ∆H water

T out
∆H water = Cp dT
T in
= Cp × ( T out – T in )
= 4,182 kJ / kg . K × ( 318 – 299 ) K
= 79,46 kJ / kgmol
 Laju alir air pendingin, ṁ water
∆Q
ṁ water =
∆H
371.148,23 kJ / jam
=
79,46 kJ / kg
= 4.671,00 kg / jam

Energi pada aliran masuk air pendingin, Q water in

Q water in = ṁ water × Cp × ( T in – T ref )
= 4.671,00 kg / jam × 79,46 kJ / kg × ( 299 – 298 ) K
= 19.534,12 kJ / jam

Energi pada aliran keluar air pendingin, Q water out

Q water in = ṁ water × Cp × ( T out – T ref )
= 4.671,00 kg / jam × 79,46 kJ / kg × ( 318 – 298 ) K
= 390.682,34 kJ / jam

Tabel B.26 Rangkuman neraca energi reactor ( R – 102 )

Aliran Energi ( kJ / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
Q in Q out
Styrene 662.910,74 33.145,53
Polybutadiene 82.183,69 8.092,44
Ethylbenzene 158.305,14 158.305,14
Benzoyl peroxide 764,39 764,39
T-dodecyl mercaptan 1.248,18 1.248,18
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 3.587,80 3.587,80
White mineral oil 27.222,12 27.222,12
Zinc stearate 1.358,46 1.358,46
Polystyrene 201.115,69 31.284,66
High impact polystyrene 200.247,76 923.611,92
Heat of reaction 0,00 – 217.605,00
Water 19.364,63 390.682,34
Total 1.358.288,2 1.358.288,2
 B.7 Neraca Energi Devolatilizer ( DV – 101 )

QS
T = 170 °C
T = 150 °C

Q9
S
T = 120 °C EB

Q8 DEVOLATILIZER
S PB
EB T = 150 °C
BP
TDM
Q 10
DPD PB BP
WMO TDM
ZS QC DPD
PS WMO
HIPS T = 170 °C
ZS
PS
HIPS

Gambar B.7 Aliran neraca energi devolatilizer ( DV – 101 )

Tabel B.27 Rangkuman neraca massa devolatilizer ( DV – 101 )

Aliran Massa ( kg / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
F8 F9 F 10
Styrene 188,17 189,83 0,00
Polybutadiene 47,32 0,00 47,32
Ethylbenzene 878,52 862,84 0,00
Benzoyl peroxide 4,28 0,00 4,28
T-dodecyl mercaptan 6,00 0,00 6,00
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 58,33 0,00 58,33
White mineral oil 171,58 0,00 171,58
Zinc stearate 17,15 0,00 17,15
Polystyrene 265,74 0,00 265,74
High impact polystyrene 6944,44 0,00 6944,44
8.579,30 1.066,69 7.512,59
Total
8.579,30 8.579,30
 B-41

B.7.1 Menentukan laju alir keluar pada aliran F 8, N 8

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 8

FS8
N S8 =
Mr S

188,17 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 1,80 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB 8

F PB 8
N PB 8 =
Mr PB

47,32 kg/jam
=
54.091,60 kg/kgmol

= 0,0009 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 8.

F EB 8
N EB 8 =
Mr EB
 878,52 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol

= 8,27 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP 8

F BP 8
N BP 8 =
Mr BP
4,28 kg/jam
=
242,23 kg/kgmol

= 0,0177 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 8

F TDM 8
N TDM 8 =
Mr TDM
6,0 kg/jam
=
202,40 kg/kgmol
= 0,0296 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 8

F DP D 8
N DPD 8 =
Mr DPD
58,33 kg/jam
=
733,03 kg/kgmol

= 0,079 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO 8

F WMO 8
N WMO 8 =
Mr WMO

171,58 kg/jam
=
350 kg/kgmol
= 0,49
kgmol / jam
Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 8

F ZS 8
N ZS 8 =
Mr ZS

17,15 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,027 kgmol/jam

Laju alir komponen polystyrene, N PS 8

F PS 8
N PS 8 =
Mr PS

263,44 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,0008 kgmol/jam

Laju alir komponen high impact polystyrene, N ZS 8

F HIPS 8
N HIPS 8 =
Mr HIPS

6.944,44 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,0102 kgmol/jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 8, N 8

N8 = N S 8 + N PB 8 + N EB 8 +.N BP 8 + N TDM 8 + N DPD 8 + N WMO 8
+ N ZS 8 + N PS 8 + N HIPS 8
= 1,80 + 0,0009 + 8,270 + 0,0177 + 0,0296 + 0,079
+ 0,490 + 0,027 + 0,0008 + 0,0102 kgmol / jam

= 10,7378 kgmol / jam

B.7.2 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 8, ∆H 8

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 8

T8
∆H S 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 8 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) )
3 4
1
= ( – 3,80191 × 10 × ( 393 – 298 ) )
1,19721 2
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
2
– 2,19565 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 393 – 298 ) )
3
1,93312 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
4
= 18.344,86 kJ / kgmol
Perubahan entalpi polybutadiene, ∆H PB 8
T8
∆H PB 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 97.364,88 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 9.249.663,60 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 8

T8
∆H EB 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 8 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 8 – T Ref ) )
3 4
= ( 4,31428 × ( 393 – 298 ) )
9,0017 × 10 – 1 2
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
2
– 1,45005 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 393 – 298 ) )
3
1,43360 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 393 – 298 ) )
4
= 19.131,45 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi benzoyl peroxide, ∆H BP 8

T8
∆H BP 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 454,39 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 43.167,05 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi t-dodecyl mercaptan, ∆H TDM 8

T8
∆H TDM 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
 = 442,81 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 42.066,95 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, ∆H DPD 8

T8
∆H DPD 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 471,83 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 44.823,85 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi white mineral oil, ∆H WMO 8

T8
∆H WMO 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 584,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi zinc stearate, ∆H ZS 8

T8
∆H ZS 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 526,97 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi polystyrene, ∆H PS 8

T8
∆H PS 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 390.562,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 37.103.437,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi high impact polystyrene, ∆H HIPS 8

T8
∆H HIPS 8 = Cp dT
T Ref
 = Cp × ( T 8 – T Ref )
= 950.588,24 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 393 – 298 ) K
= 90.305.882,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 8, ∆H 8

∆H 8 = ∆H S 8 + ∆H PB 8 + ∆H EB 8 + ∆H BP 8 + ∆H TDM 8 + ∆H DPD 8
+ ∆H WMO 8 + ∆H ZS 8 + ∆H PS 8 + ∆H HIPS 8
= 18.344,86 + 9.249.663,60 + 19.131,45 + 43.167,05 + 42.066,95
+ 44.823,85 + 55.527,50 + 50.062,15 + 37.103.437
+ 90.305.882,50 kJ / kgmol
= 136.932.107,71 kJ / kgmol

B.7.3 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 8, Q 8

Energi styrene, Q S 8
Q S8 = N S 8 × ∆H S 8
= 1,80 kgmol / jam × 18.344,86 kJ / kgmol
= 33.345,53 kJ / jam

Energi polybutadiene, Q PB 8
Q PB 8 = N PB 8 × ∆H PB 8
= 0,0009 kgmol / jam × 9.249.663,60 kJ / kgmol
= 8.092,44 kJ / jam

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 8
Q EB 8 = N EB 8 × ∆H EB 8
= 8,274 kgmol / jam × 19.131,45 kJ / kgmol
= 158.305,14 kJ / jam

Energi benzoyl peroxide, Q BP 8

Q BP 8 = F BP 8 × ∆H BP 8
= 0,0177 kgmol / jam × 43.167,05 kJ / kgmol
= 764,39 kJ / jam
Energi t-dodecyl mercaptan, Q TDM 8
Q TDM 8 = F TDM 8 × ∆H TDM 8
= 0,0297 kgmol / jam × 42.066,95 kJ / kgmol
= 1.248,14 kJ / jam

Energi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, Q DPD 8

Q DPD 8 = F DPD 8 × ∆H DPD 8
= 0,0796 kgmol / jam × 44.823,85 kJ / kgmol
= 3.567,37 kJ / jam

Energi white mineral oil, Q WMO 8

Q WMO 8 = F WMO 8 × ∆H WMO 8
= 0,4902 kgmol / jam × 55.527,50 kJ / kgmol
= 27.222,12 kJ / jam

Energi zinc stearate, Q ZS 8

Q ZS 8 = F ZS 8 × ∆H ZS 8
= 0,0271 kgmol / jam × 50.062,15 kJ / kgmol
= 1.358,46 kJ / jam

Energi polystyrene, Q PS 8
Q PS 8 = F PS 8 × ∆H PS 8
= 0,0008 kgmol / jam × 37.103.437,50 kJ / kgmol
= 31.284,66 kJ / jam

Energi high impact polystyrene, Q HIPS 8

Q HIPS 8 = F HIPS 8 × ∆H HIPS 8
= 0,0102 kgmol / jam × 90.305.882,80 kJ / kgmol
= 923.611,9 kJ / jam
 B-41

Total energi aliran F 8, Q 8

Q8 = Q S 8 + Q PB 8 + Q EB 8 + Q BP 8 + Q TDM 8 + Q DPD 8
+ Q WMO 8 + Q ZS 8 + Q PS 8 + Q HIPS 8
= 33.345,53 + 8.092,44 + 158.305,14 + 764,39 + 1.248,14
+ 3.567,37 + 27.222,12 + 1.358,46 + 31.284,66
+ 923.611,9 kJ / jam
= 1.188.600,3 kJ / jam

Tabel B.28 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 8, Q 8

∆H 8 Q8
Komponen
kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 668.712,5 33.145,53
Polybutadiene 9.249.663,60 8.092,44
Ethylbenzene 19.131,45 158.305,14
Benzoyl peroxide 43.167,05 764,39
T-dodecyl mercaptan 42.066,95 1.248,18
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 44.823,85 3.567,37
White mineral oil 55.527,50 27.222,12
Zinc stearate 50.062,15 1.358,46
Polystyrene 37.103.437,50 31.284,66
High impact polystyrene 90.305.882,80 923.611,92
Total 136.932.107,71 1.188.600,3

B.7.4 Menentukan laju alir keluar pada aliran F 9, N 9

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 9

FS9
N S9 =
Mr S

188,17 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 1,80 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 9.

F EB 8
N EB 9 =
Mr EB
878,52 kg/jam
=
106,17 kg/kgmol

= 8,27 kgmol / jam

 B-42

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 9, N 9

N9 = N S 9 + N EB 9
= 1,80 kgmol / jam + 8,27 kgmol / jam
= 10,081 kgmol / jam

B.7.5 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 9, ∆H 9

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 9

T9
∆H S 9 = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 9 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 9 – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 9 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 9 – T Ref ) )
3 4
e 5
+( × ( T 9 – T Ref ) )
5
1
= ( – 3,24471 × 10 × ( 423 – 298 ) )
6,31898 × 10 – 1 2
+( × ( 423 – 298 ) )
2
– 3,98206 × 10 – 4
+( 3
× ( 423 – 298 ) )
3
4,65312 × 10 – 8 4
+( × ( 423 – 298 ) )
4
3,64421 × 10 – 11
+( 5
× ( 423 – 298 ) )
5
= 18.247,60 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 9

T9
∆H EB 9 = Cp dT
T Ref
 b 2
= ( a × ( T 9 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 9 – T Ref ) )
2
c 3
d 4
+( × ( T 9 – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 9 – T Ref ) )
3 4
e 5
+( × ( T 9 – T Ref ) )
5
1
= ( 4,49950 × 10 × ( 423 – 298 ) )
– 4,58883 × 10 – 2 2
+( × ( 423 – 298 ) )
2
1,83228 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 423 – 298 ) )
3
– 2,91974 × 10 – 6
+( 4
× ( 423 – 298 ) )
4
1,46346 × 10 – 9 5
+( × ( 423 – 298 ) )
5
= 19.283,24 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 9, ∆H 9

∆H 9 = ∆H S 9 + ∆H EB 9
= 18.247,60 kJ / kgmol + 19.283,24 kJ / kgmol
= 37.530,85 kJ / kgmol

B.7.6 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 9, Q 9

Energi styrene, Q S 9
Q S9 = N S 9 × ∆H S 9
= 1,80 kgmol / jam × 18.247,60 kJ / kgmol
= 33.145,53 kJ / jam

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 9
Q EB 9 = N EB 9 × ∆H EB 9
= 8,27 kgmol / jam × 19.283,24 kJ / kgmol
= 158.305,14 kJ / jam
 Total energi aliran F 9, Q 9
Q9 = Q S 9 + Q EB 9
= 33.145,53 kJ / jam + 158.305,14 kJ / jam
= 191.450,68 kJ / jam

Tabel B.29 Rangkuman neraca energi keluar pada aliran F 9, Q 9

N9 ∆H 9 Q9
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 1,80 18.247,60 33.145,53
Ethylbenzene 8,27 19.283,24 158.305,14
Total 10,081 37.530,85 191.450,68

B.7.7 Menentukan laju alir keluar pada aliran F 10, N 10

Laju alir komponen polybutadiene, N PB

10

F PB 10
N PB 10 =
Mr PB

47,32 kg/jam
=
54.091,60 kg/kgmol

= 0,0009 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen benzoyl peroxide, N BP

10

F BP 10
N BP 10 =
Mr BP
4,28 kg/jam
=
242,23 kg/kgmol

= 0,0177

Laju alir komponen t-dodecyl mercaptan, N TDM 10

F TDM 10
N TDM 10 =
Mr TDM
6,0 kg/jam
=
202,40 kg/kgmol

= 0,0296 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, N DPD 10
F DP D 10
N DPD 10 =
Mr DPD
58,33 kg/jam
=
733,03 kg/kgmol

= 0,079 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen white mineral oil, N WMO

10

F WMO 10
N WMO 10 =
Mr WMO

171,58 kg/jam
=
350 kg/kgmol
= 0,49
kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen zinc stearate, N ZS 10

F ZS 10
N ZS 10 =
Mr ZS

17,15 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,027 kgmol/jam

Laju alir komponen polystyrene, N PS 10

F PS 10
N PS 10 =
Mr PS

263,44 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol
 = 0,0008 kgmol/jam

Laju alir komponen high impact polystyrene, N ZS 10

F HIPS 10
N HIPS 10 =
Mr HIPS

6.944,44 kg/jam
=
632,33 kg/kgmol

= 0,0102 kgmol/jam

Laju alir keluar pada aliran F 10, N 10

N 10 = N PB 10 +.N BP 10 + N TDM 10 + N DPD 10 + N WMO 10 + N ZS 10
+ N PS 10 + N HIPS 10
= 0,0009 + 0,0177 + 0,0296 + 0,079 + 0,49 + 0,027
+ 0,0008 + 0,0102 kgmol / jam
= 0,6562 kgmol / jam

B.7.8 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 10, ∆H 10

Perubahan entalpi polybutadiene, ∆H PB 10

T 10
∆H PB 10 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 10 – T Ref )
= 97.364,88 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 423 – 298 ) K
= 12.170.610,00 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi benzoyl peroxide, ∆H BP 10

T 10
∆H BP 10 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 10 – T Ref )
= 454,39 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 423 – 298 ) K
= 56.798,75 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi t-dodecyl mercaptan, ∆H TDM 10

T 10
∆H TDM 10 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 10 – T Ref )
= 442,81 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 423 – 298 ) K
= 55,351,25 kJ / kgmol
Perubahan entalpi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, ∆H DPD 10
T 10
∆H DPD 10 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 10 – T Ref )
= 471,83 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 423 – 298 ) K
= 58.978,75 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi white mineral oil, ∆H WMO 10

T 10
∆H WMO 10 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 10 – T Ref )
= 584,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 423 – 298 ) K
= 73,062.50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi zinc stearate, ∆H ZS 10

T 10
∆H ZS 10 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 10 – T Ref )
= 526,97 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 423 – 298 ) K
= 65.871,25 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi polystyrene, ∆H PS 10

T 10
∆H PS 10 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 10 – T Ref )
= 390.562,50 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 423 – 298 ) K
= 48.820.312,50 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi high impact polystyrene, ∆H HIPS 10

T 10
∆H HIPS 10 = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 10 – T Ref )
= 950.588,24 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 423 – 298 ) K
 = 118.823.530 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 10, ∆H 10

∆H 10 = ∆H PB 10 + ∆H BP 10 + ∆H TDM 10 + ∆H DPD 10 + ∆H WMO 10
+ ∆H ZS 10 + ∆H PS 10 + ∆H HIPS 10
= 12.170.610,00 + 56.798,75 + 55.351,25 + 58.978,75 + 73.062,75
+ 65.871,25 + 48.820.312,50 + 118.823.530,00 kJ / kgmol
= 180.124.515,00 kJ / kgmol

B.7.9 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 10, Q 10

Energi polybutadiene, Q PB 10
Q PB 10 = N PB 10 × ∆H PB 10
= 0,0008 kgmol / jam × 12.170.610,00 kJ / kgmol
= 10.647,23 kJ / jam

Energi benzoyl peroxide, Q BP 10

Q BP 10 = F BP 10 × ∆H BP 10
= 0,0177 kgmol / jam × 56.798,75 kJ / kgmol
= 1.005,7 kJ / jam

Energi t-dodecyl mercaptan, Q TDM 10

Q TDM 10 = F TDM 10 × ∆H TDM 10
= 0,0296 kgmol / jam × 55.351,25 kJ / kgmol
= 1.642,35 kJ / jam

Energi distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite, Q DPD 10

Q DPD 10 = F DPD 10 × ∆H DPD 10
= 0,0795 kgmol / jam × 58.978,75 kJ / kgmol
= 4.693,90 kJ / jam
Energi white mineral oil, Q WMO 10
Q WMO 10 = F WMO 10 × ∆H WMO 10
= 0,4902 kgmol / jam × 73.062,50 kJ / kgmol
= 35.818,58 kJ / jam

Energi zinc stearate, Q ZS 10

Q ZS 10 = F ZS 10 × ∆H ZS 10
= 0,0271 kgmol / jam × 65.871,25 kJ / kgmol
= 1.787,45 kJ / jam

Energi polystyrene, Q PS 10
Q PS 10 = F PS 10 × ∆H PS 10
= 0,0008 kgmol / jam × 48.820.312,50 kJ / kgmol
= 41.164,03 kJ / jam

Energi high impact polystyrene, Q HIPS 10

Q HIPS 10 = F HIPS 10 × ∆H HIPS 10
= 0,0103 kgmol / jam × 118.823.530,00 kJ / kgmol
= 1.215.278,84 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 10, Q 10

Q 10 = Q PB 10 + Q BP 10 + Q TDM 10 + Q DPD 10 + Q WMO 10 + Q ZS 10
+ Q PS 10 + Q HIPS 10
= 10.647,23 + 1.005,7 + 1.642,35 + 4.693,90 + 35.818,58
1.787,45 + 41.164,03 + 1.215.278,84 kJ / jam
= 1.312.038,9 kJ / jam
Tabel B.30 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 10, Q 10
∆H 10 Q 10
Komponen
kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Polybutadiene 12.170.610,00 10.647,23
Benzoyl peroxide 56.798,75 1.005,7
T-dodecyl mercaptan 55.351,25 1.642,35
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 58.978,75 4.693,90
White mineral oil 73.062,50 35.818,58
Zinc stearate 65.871,25 1.787,45
Polystyrene 48.820.312.00 41.164,03
High impact polystyrene 118.823.530,00 1.215.278,84
Total 180.124.515,00 1.312.038,9

B.7.10 Menentukan perubahan energi, ∆Q

Diketahui :
Total energi masuk aliran F 8, Q 8 = 1.188.600,3 kJ / jam
Total energi keluar aliran F 9, Q 9 = 191.450,68 kJ / jam
Total energi keluar aliran F 10, Q 10 = 1.312.038,9 kJ / jam

Perubahan energi, ∆Q
∆Q = ( Q 9 + Q 10 ) – Q 8
= ( 191.450,68 + 1.312.038,9) – 1.188.600,3 kJ / jam
= 314.889,3 kJ / jam

B.7.11 Menentukan kebutuhan steam, ṁ steam

Diketahui :
Tekanan steam, P steam = 792,02 kPa
Temperatur steam, T steam = 170,00 °C
Entalpi saturated liquid, H L = 719,10 kJ / kg
Entalpi saturated vapor, H V = 2.767,10 kJ / kg
Perubahan energi, ∆Q = 314.889,3 kJ / jam

Panas laten, λ steam

λ steam = H L – H V
= 2.767,10 kJ / kg – 719,10 kJ / kg
 = 2.048,00 kJ / kg

Laju alir steam, ṁ steam

∆Q
ṁ steam =
λ steam
314.889,3 kJ / jam
=
2.048,00 kJ / kg
= 153,75 kg / jam

Energi steam, Q steam

Q steam = ṁ steam × H V
= 153,75 kg / jam × 2.767,10 kJ / kg
= 425.454,25 kJ / kg

Energi condensate, Q condensate

Q condensate = ṁ steam × H L
= 153,75 kg / jam × 719,10 kJ / kg
= 110.564,9 kJ / kg

Tabel B.31 Rangkuman neraca energi devolatilizer ( DV – 101 )

Aliran Energi ( kJ / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
Q in Q out
Styrene 33.145,53 33.145,53
Polybutadiene 8.092,44 10.647,96
Ethylbenzene 158.305,14 158.305,14
Benzoyl peroxide 764,39 1.005,78
T-dodecyl mercaptan 1.248,18 1.642,5
Distearyl pentaerythriol diphospite 3.587,80 4.693,91
White mineral oil 27.222,12 35.818,59
Zinc stearate 1.358,46 1.787,45
Polystyrene 31.284,66 41.164,03
High impact polystyrene 923.611,92 1.215.278,85
Steam 425.454,25 0,00
Condensate 0,00 110.564,9
Total 1.614.054,5 1.614.054,5
B.8 Neraca Energi Heat Exchanger ( HE – 104 )

QS
T = 26 °C

T = 150 °C T = 30 °C

Q 13A HEAT EXCHANGER Q 13B

S S
EB EB
U U

QC
T = 45 °C

Gambar B.8 Aliran neraca energi heat exchanger ( HE – 104 )

Tabel B.32 Rangkuman neraca massa heat exchanger ( HE – 104 )

Aliran Massa ( kg / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
F 13A F 13B
Styrene 188,17 188,17
Ethylbenzene 878,52 878,52
Air 13,47 13,47
Total 1.080,17 1.080,17

B.8.1 Menentukan laju alir masuk pada aliran F 13A, N 13A

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 13A

F S 13A
N S 13A =
Mr S

188,17 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 1,81 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 13A

F EB 13A
N EB 13A =
Mr EB

188,17 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol
 = 8,270 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen air, N A 13A

F A 13A
N A 13A =
Mr A

13,4 7 kg/jam
=
28 ,97 kg/kgmol

= 0,46 kgmol / jam

Laju alir masuk pada aliran F 13A, N 13A

N 13A = N S 13A + N EB 13A + N A 13A
= 1,81 + 8,27 + 0,46 kgmol / jam
= 10,55 kgmol / jam

B.8.2 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 13A, ∆H 13A

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 13A

T 13A
∆H S 13A = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 13A – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 13A – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 13A – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 13A – T Ref ) )
3 4
e 5
+( × ( T 13A – T Ref ) )
5
1
= ( – 3,24471 × 10 × ( 423 – 298 ) )
6,31898 × 10 – 1 2
+( × ( 423 – 298 ) )
2
– 3,98206 × 10 – 4
+( 3
× ( 423 – 298 ) )
3
4,65312 × 10 – 8 4
+( × ( 423 – 298 ) )
4
 3,64421 × 10 – 11
+( 5
× ( 423 – 298 ) )
5
= 18.247,60 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 13A

T 13A
∆H EB 13A = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 13A – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 13A – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 13A – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 13A – T Ref ) )
3 4
e 5
+( × ( T 13A – T Ref ) )
5
1
= ( 4,49950 × 10 × ( 423 – 298 ) )
– 4,58883 × 10 – 2 2
+( × ( 423 – 298 ) )
2
1,83228 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 423 – 298 ) )
3
– 2,91974 × 10 – 6
+( 4
× ( 423 – 298 ) )
4
1,46346 × 10 – 9 5
+( × ( 423 – 298 ) )
5
= 19.283,24 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi air, ∆H A 13A

T 13A
∆H A 13A = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 13A – T Ref )
= 16,20 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 423 – 298 ) K
= 2.024,98 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 13A, ∆H 13A

∆H 13A = ∆H S 13A + ∆H EB 13A + ∆H A 13A
= 24.832,39 + 25.959,07 + 2.025 kJ / kgmol
 = 52.816,46 kJ / kgmol

B.8.3 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 13A, Q 13A

Energi styrene, Q S 13A

Q S 13A = N S 13A × ∆H S 13A
= 1,81 kgmol / jam × 24.832,39 kJ / kgmol
= 44.867,22 kJ / jam

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 13A

Q EB 13A = N EB 13A × ∆H EB 13A
= 8,1270 kgmol / jam × 25.959,07 kJ / kgmol
= 214.802,4 kJ / jam

Q A 13A = N A 13A × ∆H A 13A

= 0,4650 kgmol / jam × 2.025 kJ / kgmol
= 941,55 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 13A, Q 13A

Q 13A = Q S 13A + Q EB 13A + Q A 13A
= 44.867,22 + 214.802,4 + 941,55 kJ / jam
= 260.611,21 kJ / jam

Tabel B.33 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 13A, Q 13A
N 13A ∆H 13A Q 13A
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 1,81 24.832,39 44.867,22
Ethylbenzene 8,27 25.959,07 214.802,4
Air 0,46 2.025 941,55
Total 10,55 52.816,46 260.611,21

B.8.4 Menentukan laju alir keluar pada aliran F 13B, N 13B

Laju alir komponen styrene, N S 13B

F S 13B
N S 13B =
Mr S
 188,17 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 1,81 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen ethylbenzene, N EB 13B

F EB 13B
N EB 13B =
Mr EB

188,17 kg/jam
=
104,15 kg/kgmol

= 8,270 kgmol / jam

Laju alir komponen air, N A 13B

F A 13A
N A 13A =
Mr A

13,4 7 kg/jam
=
28 ,97 kg/kgmol

= 0,46 kgmol / jam

Laju alir keluar pada aliran F 13B, N 13B

N 13B = N S 13B + N EB 13B + N A 13B
= 1,81 + 8,27 + 0,46 kgmol / jam
= 10,4146 kgmol / jam

B.8.5 Menentukan perubahan entalpi pada aliran F 13B, ∆H 13B

Perubahan entalpi styrene, ∆H S 13B

T 13B
∆H S 13B = Cp dT
T Ref
 b 2
= ( a × ( T 13B – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 13B – T Ref ) )
2
c 3
d 4
+( × ( T 13B – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 13B – T Ref ) )
3 4
1
= ( – 3,80191 × 10 × ( 303 – 298 ) )
1,19721 2
+( × ( 303 – 298 ) )
2
– 2,19565 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 303 – 298 ) )
3
1,93312 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 303 – 298 ) )
4
= 879,65 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi ethylbenzene, ∆H EB 13B

T 13B
∆H EB 13B = Cp dT
T Ref
b 2
= ( a × ( T 13B – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 13B – T Ref ) )
2
c 3 d 4
+( × ( T 13B – T Ref ) ) + ( × ( T 13B – T Ref ) )
3 4
= ( 4,31428 × ( 313 – 298 ) )
9,0017 × 10 – 1 2
+( × ( 303 – 298 ) )
2
– 1,45005 × 10 – 3
+( 3
× ( 303 – 298 ) )
3
1,43360 × 10 – 6 4
+( × ( 303 – 298 ) )
4
= 913,89 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi air, ∆H A 13B

T 13B
∆H A 13B = Cp dT
T Ref
= Cp × ( T 13B – T Ref )
= 16,20 kJ / kgmol . K × ( 303 – 298 ) K
 = 81,00 kJ / kgmol

Perubahan entalpi aliran F 13B, ∆H 13B

∆H 13B = ∆H S 13B + ∆H EB 13B + ∆H A 13B
= 879,65 + 913,89 + 81,00 kJ / kgmol
= 1.874,53 kJ / kgmol

B.8.6 Menentukan energi keluar pada aliran F 13B, Q 13B

Energi styrene, Q S 13B

Q S 13B = N S 13B × ∆H S 13B
= 1,81 kgmol / jam × 879,65 kJ / kgmol
= 1.589,34 kJ / jam

Energi ethylbenzene, Q EB 13B

Q EB 13B = N EB 13B × ∆H EB 13B
= 8,27 kgmol / jam × 913,89 kJ / kgmol
= 7.562,05 kJ / jam

Q A 13B = N A 13B × ∆H A 13B

= 0,46 kgmol / jam × 81,00 kJ / kgmol
= 37,66 kJ / jam

Total energi aliran F 13B, Q 13B

Q 13B = Q S 13B + Q EB 13B + Q A 13B
= 1.589,34 + 7.562,05 + 37,66 kJ / jam
= 9.189,07 kJ / jam
Tabel B.33 Rangkuman neraca energi masuk pada aliran F 13B, Q 13B
N 13B ∆H 13B Q 13B
Komponen
kgmol / jam kJ / kgmol kJ / jam
Styrene 1,81 879,65 1.589,34
Ethylbenzene 8,27 913,89 7.562,05
Air 0,46 81,00 37,66
Total 10,55 1.874,53 9.189,07

B.8.7 Menentukan perubahan energi, ∆Q

Diketahui :
Total energi masuk aliran F 13A, Q 13A = 260.611,21 kJ / jam
Total energi keluar aliran F 13B, Q 13B = 9.189,07 kJ / jam

Perubahan energi, ∆Q
∆Q = Q 13B – Q 13A
= 9.189,07– 260.611,21 kJ / jam
= – 251.422,15 kJ / jam

B.8.8 Menentukan kebutuhan air pendingin, ṁ water

Diketahui :
Tekanan air pendingin, P water = 101,325 kPa
Temperatur inlet air pendingin, T in = 26 °C ( 299 K )
Temperatur outlet air pendingin, T out = 45 °C ( 318 K )
Temperatur referensi, T ref = 25 °C ( 298 K )
Kapasitas panas air, Cp = 4,182 kJ / kg . K
Perubahan energi, ∆Q = – 251.422,15 kJ / jam

Perubahan entalpi air pendingin, ∆H water

T out
∆H water = Cp dT
T in
= Cp × ( T out – T in )
= 4,182 kJ / kg . K × ( 318 – 299 ) K
= 79,46 kJ / kgmol
 Laju alir air pendingin, ṁ water
∆Q
ṁ water =
∆H
251.422,15 kJ / jam
=
79,46 kJ / kg
= 3.164,21 kg / jam

Energi pada aliran masuk air pendingin, Q water in

Q water in = ṁ water × Cp × ( T in – T ref )
= 3.164,21 kg / jam × 79,46 kJ / kg × ( 299 – 298 ) K
= 13.232,7 kJ / jam

Energi pada aliran keluar air pendingin, Q water out

Q water out = ṁ water × Cp × ( T out – T ref )
= 3.164,21 kg / jam × 79,46 kJ / kg × ( 318 – 298 ) K
= 264.655 kJ / jam

Tabel B.34 Rangkuman neraca energi heat exchanger ( HE – 104 )

Aliran Energi ( kJ / jam )
Komponen Masuk Keluar
Q in Q out
Styrene 44.867,22 1.589,34
Ethylbenzene 214.802,4 7.562,05
Air 941,55 37,66
Water 13.232,7 264.655,00
Total 273.844,00 273.844,00