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Oktober 2023
Rechenregeln 1
Kommutativgesetze
( lat. , commutare = vertauschen )
a + b = b + a a⋅b = b⋅a
a + 0 = 0 + a = a a⋅1 = 1⋅a = a
Inverse Gesetze
( lat. , inversio = Umkehrung )
a + b − b = a a⋅b : b = a
a − b + b = a a : b⋅b = a
Rechenregeln 2
Assoziativgesetze
( lat. , associare = verbinden )
a + (b + c ) = a + b + c a ⋅ (b ⋅ c) = a ⋅ b ⋅ c
a + (b − c ) = a + b − c a ⋅ (b : c ) = a ⋅ b : c
a − (b + c) = a − b − c a : (b ⋅ c ) = a : b : c
a − (b − c) = a − b + c a : (b : c) = a : b ⋅ c
Kurzversion :
+(+ = +
+(- = -
-(+ = -
-(- = +
Rechenregeln 3
Negative Zahlen
( lat. , negatum = verneint )
−b = 0 − b b
-b 0 1 2 Zahlengerade
−a − b = −( a + b )
b a
-(a+b) -a 0 1 2 Zahlengerade
Rechenregeln 4
z + (−b ) = z + ( 0 − b )
z + (−b ) = z + 0 − b
z + (−b ) = z − b
z − (−b ) = z − ( 0 − b )
z − (−b ) = z − 0 + b
z − (−b ) = z + b
Rechenregeln 5
−a + b =
{ b−a falls a ≤ b
−( a−b ) falls a > b }
b
-a 0 b-a Zahlengerade
-a - (a-b) 0 Zahlengerade
Rechenregeln 6
Distributivgesetze
( lat. , distribuere = verteilen )
a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c
a ⋅ (b − c ) = a ⋅ b − a ⋅ c
(b + c ) ⋅ a = b ⋅ a + c ⋅ a (b + c ) : a = b : a + c : a
(b − c ) ⋅ a = b ⋅ a − c ⋅ a (b − c ) : a = b : a − c : a
Folgerungen :
a ⋅ 0 = a ⋅ (0 + 0)
a⋅0 = a⋅0 + a⋅0 ⇒ a⋅0 = 0 Analog : 0⋅a = 0
Rechenregeln 7
a ⋅ (−b ) = a ⋅ ( 0 − b ) (−a ) ⋅ b = (0 − a ) ⋅ b
a ⋅ (−b ) = a ⋅ 0 − a ⋅ b (−a ) ⋅ b = 0⋅b − a⋅b
a ⋅ (−b ) = 0 − a ⋅ b (−a ) ⋅ b = 0 − a⋅b
a ⋅ (−b ) = −a ⋅ b (−a ) ⋅ b = −a ⋅ b
Erweitern mit v
Z Z⋅v
=
N N⋅v
Kürzen mit v
18 18 : 2 9
Beispiel : = =
128 128 : 2 64
Rechenregeln 10
Addition/Subtraktion von Brüchen mit gleichem Nenner .
Z1 Z2 Z1 ± Z2
± =
N N N
Rechenregeln 11