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a) Valor del Código Civil de Vélez Sarsfield y de la doctrina y
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SRU XQ QXHYR &yGLJR HV TXH FRQ HOOR VH SLHUGHQ ORV DSRUWHV GRFWULQDULRV \
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c) El valor de los Fundamentos que acompañan al Anteproyecto de
Código Civil y Comercial
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XQRV)XQGDPHQWRVUHGDFWDGRVSRUODFRPLVLyQ&RPRHQODHWDSDSUHFHGHQWH
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GHODOH\SHURVLQGXGDVXVFRQWHQLGRVVHUiQ~WLOHVSDUDFRQRFHUODEDVH\ILQGH
ODQRUPDFX\DH[SOLFDFLyQQRHVQHFHVDULREXVFDUHQRWUDVIXHQWHV
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EXVFDEDQ SULQFLSLRV JHQHUDOHV HQ Q~PHUR FDGD YH] PiV UHGXFLGR TXH
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GH YLJLODQFLD GHO DFFHVR SUHWHQGLy LPSHGLUOR SHUR OD SHUVRQD TXH LED
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a) Interpretación gramatical
/RV)XQGDPHQWRVH[SOLFDQTXHODGHFLVLyQMXUtGLFDFRPLHQ]DSRUODVSDODEUDV
GHODOH\
0DQWLHQHYLJHQFLDODGRFWULQDGHQXHVWUD&RUWH6XSUHPDFRQIRUPHODFXDOODV
OH\HVGHEHQLQWHUSUHWDUVHVHJ~QHOVHQWLGRSURSLRGHODVSDODEUDVVLQYLROHQWDU
/DDQDORJtDFRQVLVWHHQODDSOLFDFLyQDXQFDVRQRSUHYLVWRGHODQRUPDTXH
VH UHILHUH D RWUR TXH RIUHFH FRQ HO SULPHUR XQD VHPHMDQ]D TXH HO LQWpUSUHWH
FRQVLGHUDVXILFLHQWHSDUDTXHODDSOLFDFLyQHVWpMXVWLILFDGDSRUFRQFXUULUHQXQR
\RWURODPLVPDUD]yQ
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ODDSOLFDFLyQGHODDQDORJtD
VXVHQWLGRHVSHFtILFRSHURSRUHQFLPDGHORTXHODVOH\HVSDUHFHQGHFLU
OLWHUDOPHQWH HV SURSLR GH OD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ LQGDJDU OR TXH HOODV GLFHQ (ii) Fundamentos
MXUtGLFDPHQWHHQHVWDLQGDJDFLyQQRFDEHSUHVFLQGLUGHODVSDODEUDVGHODOH\
SHURWDPSRFRDWHQHUVHULJXURVDPHQWHDHOODVFXDQGRODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQUD]RQDEOH (O IXQGDPHQWR GH OD DSOLFDFLyQ DQDOyJLFD HV HO DUJXPHQWR a pari ratione
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DJRWD FRQ OD UHPLVLyQ D OD OHWUD \D TXH ORV MXHFHV HQ FXDQWR VHUYLGRUHV GHO VXSRQLHQGRODLJXDOGDGGHFDUDFWHUHVHQWUHGRVVLWXDFLRQHVMXUtGLFDV'HULYDHQ
GHUHFKR \ SDUD OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH OD MXVWLFLD QR SXHGHQ SUHVFLQGLU GH OD ratio GHILQLWLYDGHOSULQFLSLRJHQHUDOGHLJXDOGDG
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ODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQSHURFRPR\DVHKDGLFKRYLQFXODGRDORVGHPiVHOHPHQWRV
GHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ
b) Interpretación teleológica
(ODUWžDOXGHH[SUHVDPHQWHDODVILQDOLGDGHVGHODOH\FRQORFXDOLQFRUSRUD
HOHOHPHQWRWHOHROyJLFR6HJ~Q\DKDVLGRGLFKRORV)XQGDPHQWRVH[SOLFDQTXH
FRQHOORVHGHMDGHODGRODE~VTXHGDGHODLQWHQFLyQKLVWyULFDGHOOHJLVODGRU
(QWHQGHPRVTXHHVWDDILUPDFLyQGHORV)XQGDPHQWRVQRSXHGHVHUWRPDGD
D OD OHWUD VLQR TXH FRPR H[SOLFDPRV DO H[SRQHU OD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ HYROXWLYD
OD LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ QR GHEH KDFHUVH HQ OD E~VTXHGD GH OD LQWHQFLyQ KLVWyULFD
GHODXWRUVLQRTXHKDEUiGHWHQHUHQFXHQWDODHYROXFLyQGHODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDV
SROtWLFDVVRFLDOHVHFRQyPLFDVFXOWXUDOHVHWFGHVGHODVDQFLyQGHODOH\KDVWD
HOPRPHQWRGHVXDSOLFDFLyQ
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E~VTXHGD GH OD LQWHQFLyQ GHO OHJLVODGRU VLJXH VLHQGR XQ HOHPHQWR ~WLO $Vt OR
(iii) Requisitos de procedencia
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²TXHKD\DODJXQDOHJDOSXHVGHORFRQWUDULRQRVHUtDDSOLFDFLyQDQDOyJLFD
VLQRLQWHUSUHWDFLyQH[WHQVLYD
²TXHFRQFXUUDODPLVPDratio decidendiRLJXDOGDGMXUtGLFDHVHQFLDOHQWUHHO
VXSXHVWRUHJXODGR\HOTXHQRORHVWi
²TXHQRH[LVWDSURKLELFLyQOHJDOGHUHFXUULUDODDQDORJtD
d) Los Tratados de Derechos Humanos
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WLHQHQXQFRQWHQLGRYDORUDWLYRTXHVHFRQVLGHUDUHOHYDQWHSDUDHOVLVWHPD(VWD
HVODIXQFLyQTXHWLHQHQHQPDWHULDKHUPHQpXWLFDDODTXHVHUHILHUHHODUWž
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GDGR YDORU LQWHUSUHWDWLYR D ORV WUDWDGRV GH GHUHFKRV KXPDQRV HQ QXPHURVRV
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c) Las leyes análogas
e) Los principios y valores jurídicos
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el día del nacimiento.
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los nacidos después de la celebración del matrimonio y hasta los trescientos días
posteriores a la interposición de la demanda de divorcio o nulidad del matrimonio,
de la separación de hecho o de la muerte. La presunción no rige en los supuestos
de técnicas de reproducción humana asistida si el o la cónyuge no prestó el
correspondiente consentimiento previo, informado y libre según lo dispuesto en
el Capítulo 2 de este Título.
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mujer que da a luz, se presume que el hijo nacido dentro de los trescientos días
de la disolución o anulación del primero y dentro de los ciento ochenta días de la
celebración del segundo, tiene vínculo filial con el primer cónyuge; y que el
nacido dentro de los trescientos días de la disolución o anulación del primero y
después de los ciento ochenta días de la celebración del segundo tiene vínculo
filial con el segundo cónyuge. Estas presunciones admiten prueba en contrario.
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vida, se considera que la persona nunca existió. El nacimiento con vida se
presume
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a) El interés superior del niño
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entidad para la persona protegida o para terceros;
c. es considerada un recurso terapéutico de carácter restrictivo y por el tiempo
más breve posible; debe ser supervisada periódicamente;
d. debe garantizarse el debido proceso, el control judicial inmediato y el
derecho de defensa mediante asistencia jurídica; la sentencia que aprueba
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pedido de los padres, o del interesado con edad y madurez suficiente, se puede
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suficiente que carezca de apellido inscripto puede pedir la inscripción del que
está usando.
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e) Apellido del cónyuge
b) Apellido del hijo extramatrimonial

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f) Divorcio o anulación del matrimonio
(OPLVPRDUWGLVSRQHLa persona divorciada o cuyo matrimonio ha sido
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declarado nulo no puede usar el apellido del otro cónyuge, excepto que, por
motivos razonables, el juez la autorice a conservarlo. El cónyuge viudo puede
seguir usando el apellido del otro cónyuge mientras no contraiga nuevas nupcias,
ni constituya unión convivencial.
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IXQGDPHQWRHQHOGHUHFKRD ODLGHQWLGDGGHODGRSWDGR el juez podrá disponer
que el apellido de origen del adoptado se incorpore en cualquier lugar de
ubicación, antes o después del apellido del adoptante o al de uno de ellos, si la
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(ODUWUHPLWHDODVQRUPDVVREUHDGRSFLyQEl nombre del hijo adoptivo se
rige por lo dispuesto en el Capítulo 5, Título VI del Libro Segundo de este
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²/DDGRSFLyQSOHQDconfiere al adoptado la condición de hijo y extingue los
vínculos jurídicos con la familia de origen, con la excepción de que subsisten
los impedimentos matrimoniales. El adoptado tiene en la familia adoptiva los
mismos derechos y obligaciones de todo hijo;
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GLVSRQH TXH en todos estos casos el juez deberá valorar especialmente la
opinión del adoptado, si cuenta con la edad y grado de madurez suficientes
b) Apellido en la adopción simple
(ODUWHVWDEOHFHHQWUHORVHIHFWRVGHODDGRSFLyQVLPSOHTXHel adoptado
que cuente con la edad y grado de madurez suficientes o los adoptantes, pueden
solicitar que se mantenga el apellido de origen del adoptado en cualquiera de las
ubicaciones posibles, antes o agregado al apellido del adoptante o de uno de
ellos.6LQRH[LVWHHVDSHWLFLyQODDGRSFLyQVLPSOHVHULJHSRUODVPLVPDVUHJODV
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vínculos jurídicos con los parientes ni con el cónyuge del adoptante;
² /D DGRSFLyQ GH LQWHJUDFLyQ se configura cuando se adopta al hijo del
cónyuge o del conviviente.
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a) Apellido en la adopción plena
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apellido de adopción. Pero el juez podrá autorizar que el adoptado lo conserve a
fin de resguardar su derecho a la identidad.
c) Apellido en la adopción por integración
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a) Principio general
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(v) Justos motivos que no requieren intervención judicial
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b) Supuestos contemplados
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QRPEUH El cambio de prenombre o apellido solo procede si existen justos
motivos a criterio del juez. Se considera justo motivo, de acuerdo a las
particularidades del caso, entre otros, a. el seudónimo, cuando hubiese adquirido
notoriedad; b. la raigambre cultural, étnica o religiosa; c. la afectación de la
personalidad de la persona interesada, cualquiera sea su causa, siempre que se
encuentre acreditada. Se consideran justos motivos, y no requieren intervención
judicial, el cambio de prenombre por razón de identidad de género y el cambio
de prenombre y apellido por haber sido víctima de desaparición forzada,
apropiación ilegal o alteración o supresión del estado civil o de la identidad.
(i) Justos motivos
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tramitar por el proceso más abreviado que prevea la ley local, con intervención
del Ministerio Público. El pedido debe publicarse en el diario oficial una vez por
mes, en el lapso de dos meses. Puede formularse oposición dentro de los quince
días hábiles contados desde la última publicación. Debe requerirse información
sobre medidas precautorias existentes respecto del interesado. La sentencia es
oponible a terceros desde su inscripción en el Registro del Estado Civil y
Capacidad de las Personas. Deben rectificarse todas las partidas, títulos y
asientos registrales que sean necesarios.
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a quien le es desconocido el uso de su nombre, para que le sea reconocido y se
prohíba toda futura impugnación por quien lo niega; se debe ordenar la
publicación de la sentencia a costa del demandado; b. aquel cuyo nombre
es indebidamente usado por otro, para que cese en ese uso; c. aquel cuyo
nombre es usado para la designación de cosas o personajes de fantasía, si ello
le causa perjuicio material o moral, para que cese el uso. En todos los casos
puede demandarse la reparación de los daños y el juez puede disponer la
publicación de la sentencia. Las acciones pueden ser ejercidas exclusivamente
por el interesado; si ha fallecido, por sus descendientes, cónyuge o conviviente,
y a falta de estos, por los ascendientes o hermanos.
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a) Concepto
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GLYLGLGDVHQSRUFLRQHVUHDOHVVLQVHUGHVWUXLGDVFDGDXQDGHODVFXDOHVIRUPD
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están adheridas DUW
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GHODSULQFLSDO
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VXSXHVWRVXYDORUXQDMR\DXQOLEURXQWHOHYLVRU
b) Limitaciones a la divisibilidad
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FRUUHVSRQGHDODVDXWRULGDGHVORFDOHV
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a) Concepto
1XHVWURFRGLILFDGRUFRQVLGHUDIUXWRVDODVFRVDVTXHRWUDFRVDSURGXFHUHJXODU
\SHULyGLFDPHQWHVLQDOWHUDFLyQQLGLVPLQXFLyQGHVXVXVWDQFLD
3URGXFWRVVRQORVREMHWRVQRUHQRYDEOHVTXHVHSDUDGRVRVDFDGRVGHODFRVD
(VWHHVXQGLVSRVLWLYRTXHIXHRULJLQDOPHQWHLQFRUSRUDGRSRUODOH\\
TXHDPSOtDHOFRQFHSWRGHLQGLYLVLELOLGDGSXHVORH[WLHQGHDFRVDVTXHSRUVt
SRGUtDQFRQVLGHUDUVHGLYLVLEOHVFRPRORVLQPXHEOHVDWHQGLHQGRDODSRVLELOLGDG
GHH[SORWDFLyQHFRQyPLFD
c) Importancia
6RORODVFRVDVGLYLVLEOHVSXHGHQVHUPDWHULDGHSDUWLFLyQHQHVSHFLHFXDQGR
VHGLVXHOYHXQFRQGRPLQLRRVHHIHFW~DXQDSDUWLFLyQKHUHGLWDULD
&RVDVSULQFLSDOHV\DFFHVRULDV
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SLHGUDVGHXQDFDQWHUDRHORURGHXQDPLQD
b) Distintas clases de frutos
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GHODDFWLYLGDGHVSRQWiQHDGHODQDWXUDOH]DFRPRODVPDQ]DQDVRORVOLPRQHV
GHOiUERO
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\&RPDXWRUL]DODFOiXVXODGHLQGLYLVLyQSHUROLPLWDGDDOWpUPLQRGHGLH]DxRV
c) Régimen
c) Derechos inenajenables
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/DVUHJODVGHO&yGLJRVHFRPSOHPHQWDQFRQGLVSRVLFLRQHVUHODWLYDVDFLHUWRV 
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a) Definiciones legales
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&RP ODVQRFLRQHVGHGLQHUR\PRQHGD

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b) Limitaciones convencionales a la división del condominio
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HQ HO &yG &LY \ &RP KDFH UHIHUHQFLD DO GLQHUR HQ OD UHJXODFLyQ GH ODV
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DVt FRPR GH VXV IXQFLRQHV \ XQD EUHYtVLPD UHIHUHQFLD D VX UpJLPHQ OHJDO HQ
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(OGLQHURHVXQDunidad ideal de medida de los valores patrimoniales; y que
constituye medio irrecusable de extinción de las obligaciones impuesto por el
Estado como tal a través del curso legal.
&RQFHSWRGHPRQHGD
La moneda es el símbolo representativo del dinero.
$VtWRGRVVDEHPRVTXHHOGyODUHVODPRQHGDUHSUHVHQWDWLYDGHOGLQHURGH
ORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVRODOLEUDHQ*UDQ%UHWDxD
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(OGLQHURFRPRXQLGDGLGHDOHVXQFRQFHSWRDEVWUDFWRXQLYHUVDO'HDOOtTXH
HOGLQHURH[LVWHHQWRGDVODVFRPXQLGDGHVHQODVTXHVHKDVXSHUDGRHOWUXHTXH
&XUVR IRU]RVR VLJQLILFD la calidad de curso legal aplicada al papel
moneda inconvertible.
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DFUHHGRUGHXGRU \ OD UHJOD GH OD LQFRQYHUWLELOLGDG YLQFXODGD D OD UHODFLyQ GHO
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3XHGHQUHFRQRFHUVHWUHVYDORUHVGHODPRQHGDHOYDORULQWUtQVHFRHOYDORU
QRPLQDO\HOYDORUGHFDPELR
a) Valor intrínseco
(O YDORU LQWUtQVHFR FRUUHVSRQGH DO YDORU GHO PHWDO FRQ TXH OD PRQHGD HVWi
DFXxDGD5HVSRQGHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHDODPRQHGDPHWiOLFDFRP~QPHQWHHQRUR
RSODWD
b) Valor nominal
(OYDORUQRPLQDOFRUUHVSRQGHDODVLJQDGRSRUHO(VWDGRDOFUHDUODPRQHGD\
\VHKDDFHSWDGRODGLYLVLyQGHOWUDEDMRHQWUHVXVLQWHJUDQWHVDFHSWiQGRVHDOJR TXH VH YLQFXOD FRQ OD XQLGDG LGHDO GyODU SHVR PDUFR (Q VLWXDFLRQHV GH
PHWDOHVSUHFLRVRVDQLPDOHVFHUHDOHVFRPRPHGLGDFRP~QGHORVELHQHV
/DPRQHGDHQFDPELRHVXQFRQFHSWRORFDO6XYDORUHQFRQFUHWRGHSHQGH
GH OD HFRQRPtD GH FDGD SDtV HVWDQGR VXMHWR D ODV QRUPDV MXUtGLFDV TXH
HVWDEOHFHQ HVH YDORU \ D ODV FRQWLQJHQFLDV HFRQyPLFDV TXH LQFLGHQ VREUH
QRUPDOLGDGHFRQyPLFDVHKDUHFRQRFLGRTXHHOGHXGRUHVWiREOLJDGRDSDJDU
XQDFDQWLGDGGHVLJQRVPRQHWDULRV LJXDODODTXHFRQVWLWX\HVX REOLJDFLyQGH
PRGR TXH VL VH FRPSURPHWLy D SDJDU  SHVRV FXPSOH HQWUHJDQGR VLJQRV
PRQHWDULRVTXHFRQIRUPHDVXYDORUQRPLQDOUHSUHVHQWHQSHVRV
pOLQIODFLyQGHIODFLyQHWF%RQHW&RUUHD
(VWH ORFDOLVPR GHO FRQFHSWR GH PRQHGD DXWRUL]D D FRQVLGHUDU FRPR
GLQHUR²GHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDH[FOXVLYDPHQWHMXUtGLFR²VRORDODPRQHGD
QDFLRQDOUHVHUYDQGRDODVPRQHGDVH[WUDQMHUDVUROHVGLVWLQWRV
3RU HVD UD]yQ DOJXQRV DXWRUHV GLVWLQJXHQ HQWUH GLQHUR HQ VHQWLGR DPSOLR
FRPRPHGLGDGHYDORU\GLQHURHQVHQWLGRHVWULFWRDOXGLHQGRDODPRQHGDTXH
WLHQH FXUVR OHJDO HQ XQ (VWDGR HQ YLUWXG GH ODV QRUPDV MXUtGLFDV TXH DVt OR
c) Valor de cambio
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SXHGHQVHUREWHQLGRVFRQODPRQHGD(VXQDVXHUWHGHYDORUUHDOTXHVHPLGH
QRHQIXQFLyQGHOSDUiPHWURLGHDOILMDGRSRUHO(VWDGRVLQRSRUVXFDSDFLGDGGH
DGTXLULUELHQHVRVHUYLFLRV6HORGHQRPLQDWDPELpQYDORUDGTXLVLWLYR
1RPLQDOLVPR\YDORULVPR
LPSRQHQ&DVWiQ7REHxDV(QGHILQLWLYDHVODPLVPDFRQFHSFLyQTXHVHJXLPRV a) Nominalismo
QRVRWURVDOVHSDUDUGLQHURGHPRQHGD
(O GHUHFKR SULYDGR SDWULPRQLDO FRGLILFDGR VH VRVWXYR VREUH OD LGHD GHO
&XUVROHJDO\FXUVRIRU]RVR QRPLQDOLVPR &RPR GHFtDPRV HO GHXGRU VROR HVWDED REOLJDGR D HQWUHJDU OD
FDQWLGDG GH VLJQRV PRQHWDULRV TXH UHSUHVHQWDUDQ HO LPSRUWH QRPLQDO GH VX
(VPX\FRP~QODXWLOL]DFLyQGHODVH[SUHVLRQHVFXUVROHJDO\FXUVRIRU]RVR GHXGDHQHORULJHQGHHOOD
FRPRVLIXHUDQVLQyQLPDVSHURHQUHDOLGDGQRORVRQ
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3RUHOORSURFHGHUHPRVDGHILQLUDPEDVLGHDV YLJHQFLDFDVLXQLYHUVDO
a) Curso legal +D VLGR UHFRJLGD HQ QXPHURVRV WH[WRV OHJLVODWLYRV GH PDQHUD H[SUHVD \
JHQHUDOFRPRHQHO&yGLJRLWDOLDQRGH\HO&yG&LYLOEROLYLDQRGHHQ
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RWURVVHLQILHUHVXH[LVWHQFLD
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TXHVRORSXHGHH[SUHVDUVHHQGLQHUR b) Valorismo
(Q RWUDV SDODEUDV moneda de curso legal es moneda de aceptación /D WHVLV QRPLQDOLVWD VH UHYHOy LQVDWLVIDFWRULD IUHQWH D JUDQGHV
irrecusable. SURFHVRVLQIODFLRQDULRVFRPRHOTXHDIHFWyD$OHPDQLDHQHOSHUtRGRSRVWHULRUD
b) Curso forzoso OD3ULPHUD*XHUUD0XQGLDOSRUORTXHHO6XSUHPR7ULEXQDOGHO5HLFKDEDQGRQy
ODWHVLVQRPLQDOLVWDSDUDDGKHULUDOUHDOLVPRRYDORULVPRPRQHWDULR

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VX SUHVWDFLyQ GH PRGR TXH HO GHXGRU GHEH HQWUHJDU OD FDQWLGDG GH VLJQRV
PRQHWDULRVTXHSHUPLWDQDODFUHHGRUREWHQHUODPLVPDFDQWLGDGGHVHUYLFLRVR
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REOLJDFLyQVHFRQWUDMRRVHKL]RH[LJLEOHVHJ~QORVFDVRV
c) Distinción entre obligaciones de dinero y de valor
$OJXQRV DXWRUHV GLVWLQJXLHURQ HQWUH REOLJDFLRQHV GH GLQHUR \ GH YDORU
FRQFLELHQGR D HVWDV ~OWLPDV FRPR DTXHOODV HQ TXH HO GHXGRU QR GHEH XQD
7DPELpQ KHPRV DSXQWDGR HQ WUDEDMRV DQWHULRUHV TXH OD LQGH[DFLyQ FRQVWDQWH
SURYRFDEDXQQRFLYRDFRVWXPEUDPLHQWRDODLQIODFLyQ
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FRQVHFXHQFLD GH XQD LQIODFLyQ FUyQLFD \ FRQ SLFRV KLSHULQIODFLRQDULRV DJXGRV
SHULyGLFRV HO YDORULVPR VHUYtD FRPR LQVWUXPHQWR SDUD HYLWDU OD WDPELpQ
QRWRULDLQMXVWLFLDTXHSRGtDOOHJDUDUHSUHVHQWDUHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHXQDREOLJDFLyQ
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'H PRGR TXH OD FXHVWLyQ FDtD HQ XQ FtUFXOR YLFLRVR GHO FXDO HUD FDXVDQWH
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HMHPSOR HV REOLJDFLyQ GH YDORU OD GH SDJDU XQD LQGHPQL]DFLyQ GH GDxRV \
SHUMXLFLRVRODGHVDWLVIDFHUHOPRQWRGHXQDH[SURSLDFLyQ
(VWDWHVLVIXHLQLFLDOPHQWHGHVDUUROODGDSRU1XVVEDXP\HQFRQWUyJUDQHFR
HQQXHVWURSDtV
(QUHDOLGDGHVXQVXEWHUIXJLRSDUDHOXGLUHOQRPLQDOLVPR\HQGHILQLWLYDHVXQ
VLVWHPD LQMXVWR SXHV WDPELpQ HO DFUHHGRU GH XQD REOLJDFLyQ GLQHUDULD WLHQH
1RPLQDOLVPR\REOLJDFLRQHVGHYDORUHQHO&yGLJR&LYLO\&RPHUFLDO
(OSDUiJUDIRGHOD6HFFLyQGHO&DStWXORGHO7tWXOR,GHO/LEUR6HJXQGR
GHO&yG&LY\&RPWUDWDGHODVREOLJDFLRQHVGHGDUGLQHUR
(Q HVH SDUiJUDIR  LQFOX\H GRV QRUPDV TXH FRQVDJUDQ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH HO
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ODH[SHFWDWLYDGHXQYDORUFRQI7ULJR5HSUHVDV
3RUHOORHQGHILQLWLYDGHELyUHFXUULUVHDOYDORULVPRRUHDOLVPRPRQHWDULR
d) El valorismo en la jurisprudencia argentina
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a) Caracteres
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b) Casos o supuestos de patrimonios especiales en el derecho vigente
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DUWOH\(OORHVWiDKRUDFRQVDJUDGRGHHVHPRGRHQHO&yG&LY\
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c) Elementos
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d) Los principios sobre los cuales se funda la regulación de los derechos
,9/26'(5(&+263$75,021,$/(6 reales
,QWURGXFFLyQ (i) El principio del número cerrado
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'H PRGR TXH HO SDWULPRQLR HVWi LQWHJUDGR SRU ORV GHQRPLQDGRV GHUHFKRV
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A su vez el art. 1887 enumera los derechos reales autorizados por el Cód.
Civ. y Com. que son: el dominio, el condominio, la propiedad horizontal, los
conjuntos inmobiliarios, el tiempo compartido, el cementerio privado, la
superficie, el usufructo, el uso, la habitación, la servidumbre, la hipoteca, la
IDPLOLD/LEUR6HJXQGRVHWUDWDGHORVGHUHFKRVSHUVRQDOHV/LEUR7HUFHURGH
prenda y la anticresis.
ORV GHUHFKRV UHDOHV /LEUR , &XDUWR \ GH ODV GLVSRVLFLRQHV FRPXQHV D ORV
GHUHFKRVUHDOHV\SHUVRQDOHV/LEUR6H[WR 6LQHPEDUJRQRGHEHYHUVHHQHVWDHQXPHUDFLyQDWRGRVORVGHUHFKRVUHDOHV
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/RVGHUHFKRVUHDOHV $VtH[LVWHQGHUHFKRVUHDOHVDXWRUL]DGRVSRUOD/H\*HQHUDOGHOD1DYHJDFLyQ
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a) Definición legal
HO&yGLJRGH0LQHUtDHWFpWHUD
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(ii) El principio de convalidación
MXUtGLFR GH HVWUXFWXUD OHJDO TXH VH HMHUFH GLUHFWDPHQWH VREUH VX REMHWR HQ
IRUPD DXWyQRPD \ TXH DWULEX\H D VX WLWXODU ODV IDFXOWDGHV GH SHUVHFXFLyQ \ (ODUWHVWDEOHFHRWURGHORVSULQFLSLRVJHQHUDOHVGHORVGHUHFKRVUHDOHV
SUHIHUHQFLD\ODVGHPiVSUHYLVWDVHQHVWH&yGLJR HQQXHVWURVLVWHPD(VHOGHQRPLQDGRSULQFLSLRGHFRQYDOLGDFLyQTXHVHH[SUHVD
GLFLHQGRTXH6LTXLHQFRQVWLWX\HRWUDQVPLWHXQGHUHFKRUHDOTXHQRWLHQHOR
b) Definición en la doctrina
DGTXLHUHSRVWHULRUPHQWHODFRQVWLWXFLyQRWUDQVPLVLyQTXHGDFRQYDOLGDGD
(QRWUDREUDKHPRVVHJXLGRODGHILQLFLyQGH$XEU\\5DXSDUDTXLHQHVKD\
(iii) Efecto absoluto de los derechos reales
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(OOR VH PDQLILHVWD HQ OR TXH VH KD GDGR HQ OODPDU ius persequendi H ius
preferendi.
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TXLHQVHHQFXHQWUHDVtHOGXHxRSXHGHUHLYLQGLFDUODGHVXSRVHHGRUDFWXDO<
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b) Elementos
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SUHFHGHQWH VH GHVSUHQGH TXH OD REOLJDFLyQ R GHUHFKR GH FUpGLWR WLHQH WUHV
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² OD SUHVWDFLyQ TXH HV OD FRQGXFWD GHELGD \ TXH SXHGH FRQVLVWLU HQ GDU
KDFHURQRKDFHU
c) Libertad de creación
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GHPRGRTXHODVSDUWHVSXHGHQGDUDOX]WRGDVODVILJXUDVGHGHUHFKRSHUVRQDO
TXHVHDQ~WLOHVDODVDWLVIDFFLyQGHVXVLQWHUHVHVSDWULPRQLDOHV
(OORVHHYLGHQFLDFRQHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODOHJLVODFLyQGHORVGHQRPLQDGRV
DUWGHO&yG&LY\&RPGLFH3HUVHFXFLyQ\SUHIHUHQFLD(OGHUHFKRUHDO
DWULEX\H D VX WLWXODU OD IDFXOWDG GH SHUVHJXLU OD FRVD HQ SRGHU GH TXLHQ VH
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(iv) La regulación imperativa
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FRQWUDWRVLQQRPLQDGRVDUW&yG&LY\&RPPHMRUOODPDGRVDWtSLFRVTXH
VRQWRGRVDTXHOORVTXHQRHVWiQUHJODPHQWDGRVH[SOtFLWDPHQWHSRUODOH\
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WtSLFRV HQ FXDQWR HVWRV ~OWLPRV UHVSRQGHQ D XQD UHDOLGDG HFRQyPLFD
GHFLPRQyQLFD OD FRPSOHMLGDG DFWXDO GH ODV UHODFLRQHV HFRQyPLFDV LPSRQH OD
FUHDFLyQGHILJXUDVFRQWUDFWXDOHVFDGDYH]PiVYDULDGDV\VRILVWLFDGDV\HOODV
QDFHQGHODSUiFWLFDQHJRFLDOHVWRHVHQGHILQLWLYDGHODOLEUHYROXQWDGGHODV
(OORKDTXHGDGRH[SOtFLWRHQHO&yG&LY\&RPFX\RDUWSULPHUSiUUDIR
GLVSRQH /D UHJXODFLyQ GH ORV GHUHFKRV UHDOHV HQ FXDQWR D VXV HOHPHQWRV
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d) Efecto relativo
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(v) La publicidad de los derechos reales
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YLQFXODQQHFHVDULDPHQWHFRQODLGHDGHSXEOLFLGDG
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PLVELHQHVQRHVWiQJUDYDGRVPHGDUiQFUpGLWRRORVFRPSUDUiQVDELHQGRTXH
QRGHEHUiQVRSRUWDUHOHIHFWRGHXQDKLSRWHFDRXQDSUHQGD
$VtHODUWGHO&yG&LY\&RPGLFHDKRUD/DDGTXLVLFLyQRWUDQVPLVLyQ
GH GHUHFKRV UHDOHV FRQVWLWXLGRV GH FRQIRUPLGDG D ODV GLVSRVLFLRQHV GH HVWH
GHXGRUSRUORTXHQRSXHGHQSHUMXGLFDUDWHUFHURVDUW&yG&LY\&RP
'LIHUHQFLDVGHUpJLPHQHQWUHORVGHUHFKRVUHDOHV\SHUVRQDOHV
'HORH[SXHVWRKDVWDDTXtVXUJHQDOJXQDVGLIHUHQFLDVLPSRUWDQWHVHQWUHORV
GHUHFKRVUHDOHV\SHUVRQDOHVTXHQRVOLPLWDUHPRVDHQXQFLDU
a) Rol de la voluntad individual
(V HQ HO iPELWR GH ORV GHUHFKRV SHUVRQDOHV TXH OD YROXQWDG LQGLYLGXDO VH
PDQLILHVWDFRQVXHVSOHQGRUDWUDYpVGHODIDFXOWDGGHDXWRFRQILJXUDFLyQDUW
&yGLJR QR VRQ RSRQLEOHV D WHUFHURV LQWHUHVDGRV \ GH EXHQD IH PLHQWUDV QR
WHQJDQ SXEOLFLGDG VXILFLHQWH 6H FRQVLGHUD SXEOLFLGDG VXILFLHQWH OD LQVFULSFLyQ
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PXFKR PiV UHGXFLGR /RV GHUHFKRV UHDOHV TXH VH SXHGHQ HVWDEOHFHU HVWiQ
HQXQFLDGRVSRUODOH\\VXFRQWHQLGRVXVWDQFLDOPHQWHSUHGHWHUPLQDGRSRUHOOD
DUWV\&yG&LY\&RP
a) Concepto
b) Determinación del sujeto pasivo
'HUHFKRVSHUVRQDOHVRFUHGLWRULRVREOLJDFLRQHVVLVHORVPLUDGHVGHHOSXQWR
/RV GHUHFKRV SHUVRQDOHV WLHQHQ QHFHVDULDPHQWH XQ VXMHWR SDVLYR OODPDGR
GH YLVWD SDVLYR VRQ ODV UHODFLRQHV MXUtGLFDV HVWDEOHFLGDV HQWUH GRV SHUVRQDV
GHXGRU
DFUHHGRU\GHXGRUHQYLUWXGGHODVFXDOHVHOSULPHURSXHGHH[LJLUGHOVHJXQGR
XQDGHWHUPLQDGDFRQGXFWDGHQRPLQDGDSUHVWDFLyQDUW&yG&LY\&RP <DKHPRVYLVWRTXHHQORVGHUHFKRVUHDOHVQRH[LVWHVXMHWRSDVLYRQLJHQHUDO
QLLQGLYLGXDOL]DGR

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RUGHQDPLHQWRV VH UHFRQRFH XQ GHUHFKR LQWHOHFWXDO HQ IDYRU GH ORV DUWLVWDV \
(Oius persequendi \HOius preferendi VRQYHQWDMDVSURSLDVGHORVGHUHFKRV HMHFXWDQWHVTXHSDUWLFLSDQHQODVJUDEDFLRQHVGHIRQRJUDPDVGLVFRVFDVHWHV
UHDOHVFRURODULRVGHVXHIHFWRDEVROXWR
'H PRGR TXH QR H[LVWHQ HQ ORV GHUHFKRV SHUVRQDOHV TXH SRU GHILQLFLyQ
WLHQHQXQHIHFWRUHODWLYROLPLWDGRDODVSDUWHV
6LQHPEDUJRDYHFHVODOH\DFXGHHQDX[LOLRGHORVDFUHHGRUHVTXHQRHVWiQ
SURYLVWRVGHXQGHUHFKRUHDOGHJDUDQWtDDFRUGiQGROHVXQFLHUWRius preferendi
SRU YtD GHO HVWDEOHFLPLHQWR GH SULYLOHJLRV TXH VRQ YHQWDMDV
GDGDVH[FOXVLYDPHQWHSRUODOH\DFLHUWRVFUpGLWRVSDUDTXHVHDQSDJDGRVFRQ
YLGHRFOLSVHWF
c) Naturaleza. Diferencias con los derechos reales
6LELHQWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHVHKDXWLOL]DGRODSDODEUDSURSLHGDGSDUDLGHQWLILFDU
DORVGHUHFKRVLQWHOHFWXDOHVFRPRVXFHGHHQQXHVWUDOH\HLQFOXVRHQHO
DUWGHOD&1ORFLHUWRHVTXHQRVHWUDWDGHXQGHUHFKRUHDOGHGRPLQLR
(VTXHQRUHSRVDVREUHXQDFRVDHQORVWpUPLQRVGHORVDUWV\GHO&yG
SUHIHUHQFLDRWURVDUWV\VV &LY \ &RP VLQR VREUH XQ ELHQ DEVROXWDPHQWH LQPDWHULDO \ HQ HOOR UDGLFD
d) Nacimiento y extinción por prescripción VXDXWRQRPtDUHVSHFWRGHORVGHUHFKRVUHDOHV0ROLQDULR
2EVpUYHVH D WtWXOR GH HMHPSOR TXH HO DXWRU GH XQD QRYHOD FRQVHUYD VX
/RVGHUHFKRVUHDOHVVHSXHGHQDGTXLULUSRUHOHMHUFLFLRGHODSRVHVLyQGHOD
FRVD GXUDQWH FLHUWR WLHPSR SUHVFULSFLyQ DGTXLVLWLYD 1R DVt ORV GHUHFKRV
SHUVRQDOHV
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REUDGHPRGRTXHHOGRPLQLRGHORVHMHPSODUHVGHFDGDOLEURSDVDUiDTXLHQ
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VX QR HMHUFLFLR GXUDQWH FLHUWR WLHPSR SUHVFULSFLyQ OLEHUDWRULD /RV GHUHFKRV
3RURWURODGRHQQXHVWURGHUHFKRSRVLWLYRHOGRPLQLRHVSHUSHWXRDUW
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a) Concepto
6HGHQRPLQDGHUHFKRLQWHOHFWXDODOGHUHFKRSDWULPRQLDOTXHWLHQHHODXWRUGH
XQDFUHDFLyQGHOLQWHOHFWRHQYLUWXGGHOFXDOSXHGHDSURYHFKDUHFRQyPLFDPHQWH
HVD FUHDFLyQ HQ EHQHILFLR SURSLR GHQWUR GH ORV OtPLWHV PDUFDGRV SRU HO
RUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFR
b) Especies
'HQWURGHOFRQFHSWRGHFUHDFLyQLQWHOHFWXDOTXHGDQFRPSUHQGLGDVODVREUDV
OLWHUDULDVPXVLFDOHVFLHQWtILFDVDVtFRPRWDPELpQSLQWXUDVGLEXMRVHWF(VWRHV
OR TXH FRP~QPHQWH VH KD GHQRPLQDGR SURSLHGDG DXWRUDO GHUHFKR GH DXWRU R
GHUHFKRLQWHOHFWXDO
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venta, construcción o reparación;
d) los bienes afectados a cualquier religión reconocida por el Estado;
e) los derechos de usufructo, uso y habitación, así como las servidumbres
prediales, que solo pueden ejecutarse en los términos de los arts. 2144,
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(ii) Causa final subjetiva
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f) Funciones
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a) Institutos en los que subyace la idea de causa final

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(iii) Causa objetiva en la etapa funcional del negocio SURSLHGDG \ OD GLVSRQLELOLGDG GHO SUHFLR HWF R SXHGH KDEHU ²SHUR QR VRQ
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b) Defectos de la causa (falta de causa, falsa causa, ilicitud y frustración)
(i) Exposición de la cuestión
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(iv) Causa ilícita

(ii) Falta de causa (ODUW&yG&LY\&RPGLFHTXH(OFRQWUDWRHVQXORFXDQGRDVX

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(v) Aplicaciones judiciales de la causa ilícita
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(vi) Frustración de la causa
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(vii) Efectos
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