TXTBK + QUALAS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET No. 1

Text book-based instruction
in SCIENCE 10
paired with MELC-Based Quality
Assured Learner’s Activity Sheet Quarter No. 4 Week: 1
(LAS)

Name: _____________________________Grade and Section: ________________________

Teacher: ___________________________Date Submitted: ___________________________

MELC1: Investigate the relationship between:

1. volume and pressure at constant temperature of a gas
2. volume and temperature at constant pressure of a gas
3. explains these relationships using the kinetic molecular theory
(S9MT-IIj-20)
Lessons/Topics:
1. Relationship between Volume and Pressure at Constant Temperature
2. Relationship between Volume and Temperature at constant Pressure
3. Kinetic Molecular Theory (Volume and Pressure; Volume and Temperature)
Reference/Source: Science 10 Learner’s Material Page No. 361- 374

Objective:
Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas constant temperature.

Activity No: 1 Title: Relationship between Volume and Pressure Day: 1

Key Concepts:
The relationship between the volume and pressure of gases at constant
temperature was first stated by Robert Boyle during the 16th century. He
performed an experiment where in he trapped a fixed amount of air in the J -
tube, he changed the pressure and controlled the temperature and then, he
observed its effect to the volume of air inside the J-tube. He found out as
the pressure is increased, the volume decreases. He finally concluded that
the volume of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
at constant temperature.
Robert Boyle (1627 – 1691)

Gas particles have very weak intermolecular force of attraction; hence they move as far as possible from each
other. They have tendency to occupy all the spaces they are contained in.

Consider the given figure below.

Pulling up increases
the volume and
decreases the pressure
The temperature is constant.
Pushing down The volume and pressure changes.
decreases the
volume and Volume increases, pressure decreases;
increases the Pressure increases, volume decreases.
This shows inverse relationship.
pressure
When the pressure of gas is doubled, the
volume decreases to one-half.
If the pressure is reduced to one -half, the
volume will double.

In the smaller space the particles suffer collisions This relationship is known as Boyle’s Law.
with the walls of the container shows that it measures
the pressure exerted by the gas.

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 Boyle's Law is important when using a syringe. When fully depressed, the syringe is at a neutral state with no air
in the cylinder. When the plunger is pulled back, you are increasing the volume in the container and thus reducing
the pressure. They are inversely proportional and one must decrease while the other increases. The liquid draws
up into the syringe because it balances the pressure, making it equal to the pressure outside of the syringe.

Mathematically, Boyle’s Law can be expressed as:

1 at constant T and n
V α
P
Where:
V = volume, P = pressure, T = temperature and n = amount of the gas

The given proportion above is read as: The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, if
temperature and amount of gas are held constant.

In the proportion above, change the proportionality sign (α) with the equal sign (=) to make it an equation.

k
Thus, V = or k = VP ; The product of Pressure and Volume is constant.
P
Sample Data on Volume – Pressure relationship Volume – Pressure Graph
8.0
Trial Volume Pressure VxP .
Pressure (atm)

(L) (atm) 6.0

1 2.0 10.0 20.0
4.0
.
2 4.0 5.0 20.0
2.0 .
3 8.0 2.5 20.0
0
The table shows the product of volume 5 10 15
and pressure is constant. As the volume Volume (L)
increases, pressure decreases. The volume of a gas is inversely proportional
to pressure.
According to Boyle’s Law, PV = k therefore:
V1P1 = k
V2P2 = k
Then V1P1 = V2P2
Where:
P1 = initial pressure of the gas P2 = new or final pressure of the gas
V1 = initial volume of the gas V2 = new or final volume of the gas

Formulas:
Initial condition (When unknown) Final condition (When unknown)
V1P1 = V2P2 V1P1 = V2P2
V1 V1 V2 V2

P1 = V2P2 P2 = V1P1
V1 V2

V1P1 = V2P2 V1P1 VP

= 2 2
P1 V2 P2 P2

V1 = V2P2 P2 = V1P1
V2 P2

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 Pressure units and their equivalents:
1 atmosphere (atm) = 760 millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
1 atm = 76 cm Hg
1 atm = 760 Torricelli (Torr)
1 atm = 101325 Pascal (Pa)
1 atm = 14.6956 Pound per square inch (Psi)
Volume units and their equivalents:
1 mL = 1cm3 1L = 1dm3 1m3 = 1000

Sample Problem:
 A gas occupies 1.56 L at 1.00 atm. What will be the volume of this gas if the pressure becomes 3.00
atm?
Initial Condition Final Condition
V1 = 1.56 L P1 = 1.00 atm
V2 =? P2 = 3.00 atm

Apply Boyle’s Law Equation and Substitute the given values to the equation:
V1P1 = V2 P2

V2 =
P2
(1.56 L) (1.00 atm)
=
3.00 atm
V2 = 0.52 L
As the volume decreases, pressure increases (V inversely proportional P)
Directions:
A. Plot the points on a graph with the pressure at the y – axis and volume at the x – axis. Use the data found on
the table. Connect all points and answer the given questions below.
Pressure - Volume Graph
Volume Pressure 15.0
(mL) (mmHg)
12.0
25 3.0
Pressure (mmHg)

20 6.0 9.0

15 9.0
6.0
10 12. 0
3.0
5 15.0
0
5 10 15 20 25 30

Questions: Volume (mL)

1. Describe the slope of the line in the graph.
________________________________________________________________
2. What happened to pressure, when the volume decreases?
______________________________________________________________
3. What is the relationship between volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature?
________________________________________________________________

B. Directions: Read and understand the given problem below. Write the given to the table and solve the
unknown.

 4.0 L of a gas are under pressure of 3.0 atmosphere (atm). Find out what will happen to the volume of
the gas at a pressure of 2.7 atm if the temperature remains constant. Support your answer with
computation.

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 Initial Condition Final Condition

Formula: Solution:
Write the relationship between volume and
_____________
pressure of a gas.

_____________________________________

Objective:
Investigate the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure.
Activity No.: 2 Title: Relationship between Volume and Temperature Day: 2 -3

Key Concepts:

The volume – temperature relationship in gases (k = V/T) was determined by

and named after Jacques Charles. In his experiment, He trapped a sample of
gas in a cylinder with a movable piston in water bath at different temperatures.
He found out that different gases decreased their volume by factors 1/273 per
0
C of cooling. With this rate of reduction, if gas will be cooled up to – 273 0C, it
will have zero volume. Charles’ Law states that at constant pressure, the
Jacques Charles volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin (K)
(1746 – 1823)
temperature.

Mathematically, Charles’ Law can be expressed as:

V α T at constant P
The given expression is read as the volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to
temperature at constant pressure.

Where:
V = volume and
T = temperature expressed in Kelvin

Why is there a need to convert 0C to K?

Kelvin is the basic unit for measuring temperature in the International System (SI). It denotes the absolute
temperature scale whereby 0K or absolute zero is defined as the temperature when molecules will have the lowest
energy.

To convert 0C to K, use this formula:

K = 0C + 273.15

Removing the proportionality symbol (α) and using equality sign (=)
The equation will be as follows:
V = kT or k= V
T
Thus, in a direct proportion, the quotient of the variable is constant.

If you are going to consider the initial and final conditions, you will arrive at the following equations:
V1 V2 = k
=k and
T1 T2
Where:
V1 is the initial volume
T1 is the initial temperature

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 V2 is the final volume
T2 is the final temperature

Volume – Temperature Graph

40
Volume mL

35

30

15

0
50 100 150
Temperature (K)
The volume is directly proportional to temperature.
Equation:
V1 = V2
T1 T2

The formulas:
Initial Condition (When unknown) Final condition (when unknown)
V1T2 = V2T1 V1T2 = V2T1
T2 T2 T1 T1
V1 = V2T1 V2 V1T2
T2 =
T1
V1T2 VT V1T2 = V2T1
= 2 1
V2 V2 V1 V1
T1 = V1T2 T2 = V2T1
V2 V1
Sample Problem:
A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a temperature of 27.0 °C. What is the volume at 132.0 °C?

Initial Condition Final Condition

V1 = 900.0 mL V2 =?
T1 = 27 0C = 300.15 K T2 = 132.0 0C = 405.15 K

V1 = V2
T1 T2
VT
V2 = 1 2
T1

(900.0 mL) (405.15 K)

V2 =
300.15 K
V2 = 1, 214.84 mL
As the volume increases, temperature also increases
A. Directions: Plot the data from the table in a graph by placing the volume in the y - axis and temperature at
Kelvin scale in the x – axis. Answer the questions below.

Data on Volume – Temperature Relationship

Trial Volume Reading (mL) Temperature (K)
1 10 150 K
2 15 200 K
3 20 250 K
4 35 300 K
5 40 350 K
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 Volume – Temperature Graph

Volume (mL)

Temperature (K)

Questions:
1. Describe the line in the graph.
______________________________________
2. What is the relationship between volume and temperature of gases at constant temperature?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. When temperature increases, volume ____________________ .
4. When volume decreases, temperature ____________________ .

Scoring Rubric (Graph on Volume – Temperature Relationship)

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 Score
Appearance and All criteria One Two all criteria Criteria is
Visual Appeal are done component components are not done not met in
(Graph is constructed neatly, of the criteria of the criteria neatly and all three
neatly, points are evident creating a could have this distracts components,
and neatly plotted, and the smooth and been done could have from the but a
lines are joined neatly.) very more neatly. been done overall recognizable
recognizable more neatly. appearance picture is
picture. of the produced.
picture.
Graph and Plotted Points No error in There were There were There were All errors in
(Graph and plotted points the graph, 2 errors in 3 errors in 4 errors in the graph
The graph is constructed plotting and/ the graph, the graph, the graph, layout,
according to instructions, or plotting plotting plotting plotting of
points are evident and
connection and/or and/or and/or points and
correctly plotted. The lines
connect points in the of the points connection connection connection connection
sequence listed.) of the points of the of the of the
points. points. points.
TOTAL
SCORE

C. Directions: Read and solve the given problem below. Write the given to the table and show the
complete solution.

 The temperature inside my refrigerator is about 4.00 0C. If I place a balloon in my fridge that initially
has a temperature of 22.00 0C and a volume of 0.50 L, what will be the volume of the balloon when it
is fully cooled by my refrigerator?

Initial Condition Final Condition

Formula:
____________________

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 Write the relationship between volume and
Solution:
temperature of a gas.

__________________________________________

Objective: Explains volume – pressure and volume - temperature relationships using the kinetic molecular theory.

Activity No.: 3 Title: Kinetic Molecular Theory Day: 4

Key Concepts:

Kinetic Molecular Theory states that:

a. Gases are composed of molecules. The distances from one molecule to another molecule are
far greater than the molecules’ dimensions. These molecules can be considered as spherical
bodies which possess negligible mass and volume.

Molecules of Gases

b. Gas molecules are always in constant random motion and they frequently collide with one
another and with the walls of the container. Collision among molecules are perfectly elastic,
that is, energy may transfer from one molecule to molecule as the result of collision but the
total energy of all molecules in the system remains the same or constant.

c. There is neither attractive or repulsive force between or among gas molecules.

Molecules of Gases in Random Motion

d. Movement of gas molecules is attracted by temperature. The average kinetic of the

molecules is directly related to the temperature of gas.

The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) explains the properties of gases and describes the behavior of gases.

Boyle's law is easily explained by the kinetic molecular theory. Gases can be compressed because most of
the volume of a gas is empty space. If we compress a gas without changing its temperature, the average kinetic
energy of the gas particles stays the same. There is no change in the speed with which the particles move, but the
container is smaller. Thus, the particles travel from one end of the container to the other in a shorter period of time.
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 This means that they hit the walls more often. Any increase in the frequency of collisions with the walls must lead
to an increase in the pressure of the gas. Thus, the pressure of a gas becomes larger as the volume of the gas
becomes smaller.
 Gas molecules are constant and
random motion.
 Gas pressure is the result of
molecules colliding with the walls of
the container.
 Decreasing the volume increases the
pressure since there will be higher rate
of collisions in the reduced volume.
 Increasing the volume, decreases the More collisions less collisions
pressure since there will be lower rate
of collisions. www.google.com/search?q=Air+filled+balloon+in+ice+and+hot+water&tbm

In Charles’ Law, If the temperature of a gas is increased, a constant pressure may be maintained only if the
volume occupied by the gas increases. This will result in greater average distances traveled by the molecules to
reach the container walls, as well as increased wall surface area. These conditions will decrease the both the
frequency of molecule-wall collisions and the number of collisions per unit area, the combined effects of which
balance the effect of increased collision forces due to the greater kinetic energy at the higher temperature.

Ice water Boiling water

Air filled balloon in ice and hot water

 Average kinetic energy is proportional to the temperature.

 The volume decreases because the temperature decreases too. In this case, the volume
between the gas molecule decreases because the kinetic energy is affected by temperature.
 The volume of the gas becomes larger as the temperature of the gas increases.
(Refer to the picture above on air filled balloon in hot water).
 Gas molecules move slowly at low temperature, thus there is less collision and so it will
occupy smaller space ((Refer to the picture above on air filled balloon in ice water).

Directions: Choose from the word/s given inside the box to complete the sentence below. You can choose the
word twice. Write your answer on the blank provided.

kinetic energy lower Pressure

constant decreases low temperature
Temperature Molecules increases

1. Gases are composed of ___________.

2. Movement of gas molecules is attracted by ______________.
3. Average _________________ is proportional to the temperature.
4. Increasing the volume, decreases the pressure since there will be _______ of collisions.
5. The volume decreases because the temperature _______________.
6. Gas ___________ is the result of molecules colliding with the walls of the container.
7. Gas molecules are always in ________ random motion.
8. In Boyle’s Law, if volume increases, pressure _____________ at constant temperature.
9. Gas molecules move slowly at ________________.
10. The volume of the gas becomes larger as the temperature of the gas _____________.

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Activity 3
1. molecules
2. temperature
3. kinetic energy
4.lower rate
5. decreases
6. pressure
7. constant
8. decreases
9. low temperature
10. increases
Activity 2
Activity 1.
A. A.
 Plotting points on the graph (Rubric based)
1. Straight
2. Directly proportional
3. Increases
4. Decreases
1. Not a straight line, curve
2. Increases
B. answer V2 = 0.53 L 3. inversely proportional
B. Answer to the problem:
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to V2 = 4.44 L
temperature
The volume of a gas is inversely proportional
to pressure
Answer key in Science 10 Quarter 3 – Week 1
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