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Filter Press
Effect of pressure on filtration
Conversely, Test 2 had a reduced bed depth but slightly greater cake resistance. The experiment further included
the determination of specific cake resistance, apparent particle diameter, and several other characteristics to
assess the filtering procedure. The study's findings revealed the inherent trade-offs among pressure, flow rate,
and cake resistance, offering significant insights into the practical implications of filter press use.
Test 1
Data Collected
time Volume
Slurry Concentration Total Time Increment Increment Volume
(kg /m3) ∆ P (bar) (s) (s) (L) (L) ∆ t /∆ V
0.016706 1 15 15 1.8 1.8 8.333333
0.016706 1 30 15 1.8 3.6 8.333333
0.016706 1 58 28 1.8 5.4 15.55556
0.016706 1 142 84 1.8 7.2 46.66667
0.016706 1 235 93 1.8 9 51.66667
Slurry Concentration is determined by dividing the mass of CaCO3 over the volume of water, or solvent. The
volume of water taken is 15 L and the mass of CaCO3 is equal to 250.59g.
The pressure taken is 1 bar, where the time and volume are measured and represented in the table. The
determination of ∆ t /∆ V allows the creation of a graph that helps in the analysis.
The graph represented below shows the relationship between ∆ t /∆ V and V . The equation of the graph is taken
from the excel sheet, that is used to continue the calculation.
60
50
f(x) = 6.94444444444445 x − 11.3888888888889
40
∆𝑡/∆𝑉 (S/L)
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V (L)
The initial step is the determination of the imaginary Volume, V’, that is the intersection of the graph with the X-
axis.
The data collected is correspondingly not accurate, because the graphical representation must be a straight line as
shown in figure 2. To be able to find V’, a systematic line provided by the excel sheet is taken and its equation is
presented in the graph.
To determine V’, the prolongation of the line meets the X-axis; thus, the equation of the line is taken at y=0.
At y=0:
0=6.9444 x−11.389
x=11.389 /6.9444=1.64
Thus, the value of the imaginary volume, V’, is equal to 1.64 L which is equal to 0.00164 m3 .
Depending on the equation of the flow rate and its derivation, as shown in the equation below:
dV
3
Q dt ε ×∆ P
= =v=
A A 2 2
5 × μ × S × ( 1−ε ) × L
This equation is Carman-Kozeny equation, and substituting the values of L and α in this equation gives the
derivative equation as follows:
∆ t ( V +V ) ( α × μ × w )
'
= 2
∆V A ×∆ P
2
A=L× W =0.18 × 0.17=0.0306 m
2 4
A =0.00093636 m
∆t
Rearranging the equation of gives the following form:
∆V
∆t 2
× A ×∆P
∆V
( α × μ ×w )=
( V +V ' )
A single point from the lab outcomes is taken and the table below shows the values:
() ( ) V (L) V ( m3 ) V ' ( m 3)
'
∆t s ∆t s V ( L)
∆V l ∆ V m3
51.66 51666.66 9 0.009 1.64 0.00164
∆t 2
× A ×∆P
∆V 51666.66 × 0.00093636 ×100000
( α × μ ×w )= = =454684958
( V +V )
' 0.009+0.00164
After determining the Specific cake resistance, the Specific Surface of particles is determined using the equation
of α as follows:
2
5 × S (1−ε )
α=
ρ S × ε3
ρS −ρb ρb 932.75
ε= =1− =1− =0.66
ρS ρS 2800
The mass of the cake is measured to be equal to 209.5 g which is 0.2095 kg.
3
2 α × ρS × ε 2.72 ×10 13 ×2800 × 0.663 11
S= = =2.266 ×10
5 × ( 1−ε ) 5 × ( 1−0.66 )
6 6 −5
x= = =1.26 × 10 m
S 4.76 ×10 5
(α × μ × w) 454684958 s
φ= = =4855877.632 6
2
A ×∆ P 0.00093636 ×100000 m
After determining the Gradient of graph, the constants of the integrated equation can be determined.
2
t × ∆ P=aV +b V
∆P 11 kg
b=φ × =2.42 ×10
2 7
m .s
The flow rate is estimated according to the following equation, after determining the depth of the bed.
( V +V ' ) w −6
L= =6.22× 10 m
( 1−ε ) × ρS × A
3 3
ε ×∆ P m
Q= 2 2
× A=1.158
5 × μ × S × ( 1−ε ) × L s
Test 2
Data collected:
time Volume
Slurry Concentration ( Total Time Increment Increment Volume
3
kg /m ) ∆ P (bar) (s) (s) (L) (L) ∆ t /∆ V
0.016671 2 34 34 1.8 1.8 8.333333
0.016671 2 118 84 1.8 3.6 8.333333
0.016671 2 205 87 1.8 5.4 15.55556
0.016671 2 300 95 1.8 7.2 46.66667
0.016671 2 354 59 1.8 9 51.66667
The graphical representation of ∆ t /∆ V vs V is shown as follows:
12 x + NaN
f(x) = NaN
10
8
∆𝑡/∆𝑉 s/l
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Volume (L)
The same procedure of calculation is followed, and the results are tabulated as follows:
−5
X (m) 1.5 ×10
kg 2923520872
a( 4
¿
m .s
kg 5.3 ×10
11
b( 7 )
m .s
Comparison of the filtration rate and the specific cake resistance depending on pressure variation.
The corresponding table shows the values of the calculated cake resistance, bed depth and the flow rate at the
two different pressures.
Pressure (bar) Flow rate (m 3 /s ¿ Bed Depth (m) Cake Resistance (α) (
m
¿
kg
Test 1 1 1.15 −6 13
6.227 ×10 2.72 ×10
Test 2 2 1.36 −6 13
3.93 ×10 8.446 ×10
Test 1, conducted at a pressure of 1 bar, exhibits a slightly lower flow rate of 1.15 m3 /s compared to Test 2,
which was conducted at 2 bar with a flow rate of 1.36 m3 /s . Additionally, Test 1 features a greater bed depth of
−6
6.227 ×10 m compared to Test 2's 3.93 ×10−6 m. However, Test 2 demonstrates a significantly higher cake
resistance (α) of 8.446 ×10 13 m/kg, whereas Test 1 has a lower cake resistance of 2.72 ×1013 m/kg.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the experiment provided valuable insights into the filtration process in a filter press and the
impact of pressure variations on key parameters. Test 1, conducted at 1 bar, demonstrated a relatively lower flow
rate and a lower cake resistance, indicating a slower filtration process than in test 2.